Input: Claim: The value of all cryptocurrencies is stable and unaffected by market changes. [SEP] Text: According to Morgan Stanley, most of the registered cryptocurrency exchanges are in the UK [14]. The creator of the first Polish coin was at the beginning of January 2014 “djbartek”—author of Dubstepcoin (abbreviation: WUBS). His coin referred to the popular genre of electronic music—dubstep—and had the chance to get something from this popularity. She did not make it because she fell. However, he is about to make his debut again, but currently it is only plans. Therefore, taking into account the currently existing cryptocurrencies, the first three Polish cryptocurrencies, which were created at the beginning of 2014, include:PolCoin (PLC), is the first Polish virtual currency. Established in January 2014 as a clone gaining Bitcoin popularity. It is based on the same SHA256d algorithm. Currently, it is a completely Polish project in which only the Polish team of creators and Polish capital are involved. Currently, it is being developed by the third team of developers. The reborn Polcoin project is based on a new block chain. Polcoin has a stable network of nodes and developers are working on its development. The main assumption, like other world cryptocurrencies, is the release from the bondage of banks. According to the assumptions, the value of Polcoina should grow in the long-term perspective due to the rigid limitation of supply embedded in the system while increasing demand. An additional reason for increasing the rate of increase in the value of the currency is the growing awareness of the widely understood cryptocurrencies and their usefulness. The history of transactions between addresses is public and available to anyone, when the assumptions of the manifesto are guaranteed, the far-reaching anonymity of the transaction is guaranteed by the inability to explicitly state, who is the holder of the given address. This is the first and one of the major differences compared to banking systems in which transaction logs are one of the most watched types of registers. Polcoin is above the state, it is not issued by an organ connected with any state administration, and the auditor is the Polcoina community. It is already used as a means of payment. At present, you can pay with Polcoin, among others, in one stationary store and several online stores [15]. PolishCoin (PCC)—created to help Polish people in making the first step in the world of digital money.

Output: contrast


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Output: pass


Input: Claim: Ethical concerns exist regarding the use of gene editing on human embryos. [SEP] Text: ☰ to order Full list of books Books by topic Books by year list of books New books Books by topic Books by year How to order Environmental microbiology Medical microbiology Molecular microbiology Mycology - fungi Parasitology PCR Plant science networks. Issues Mol. Biol. (CIMB) Recommended reading: Bats and Viruses | |Cas System: and Application "reviews recent advances" (ProtoView) Publisher: by: : viii + 112 Paperback: Publication date: April 2017 ISBN: 978-1-910190-63-0 Price: GB £159 or US $319Buy book or Buy onlineEbook: Publication date: April 2017 ISBN: 978-1-910190-64-7 Price: US $319Buy ebook DOI: How to Order. Library recommendation (email) (pdf). Preface. Prelims. Download flyer Customers who viewed this book also viewed: Epigenetics Next-generation -Time PCR The use ofCas technology for genome editing suggests many potential applications, including the alteration of the germline of humans, animals and food crops. The speed and efficiency of theCas system make it a potentially useful system for gene therapy. In this volume expert international authors provide a useful and timely review of the applications of theCas system across diverse fields and explore further avenues and research directions of this novel and powerful editing technology. The technology and its application are reviewed with respect to reproduction and development, immunity and genetic diseases, system structure and system specificity. Some of the potential problems of theCas system are also discussed, in particular the specificity of the system: this remains an important topic as improvement could lead to the more direct and efficient use of theCas system in clinical settings. The authors also debate ethical concerns associated with this powerful new technology. This volume is a rigorous review of the applications and new opportunities for theCas system and provides a stimulus for current and future research. An invaluable guide for all scientists working in the fields of genome editing and gene therapy the book is also recommended for all life sciences libraries. Reviews "reviews recent advances" from Protoof contents 1. -Cas System: for and Qunxin ShePages: 1-14. DOI: regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats () and -associated (Cas) genes provide adaptive immunity against invasion of foreign nucleic acids in archaea and bacteria.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The value of all cryptocurrencies is stable and unaffected by market changes. [SEP] Text: In terms of new technologies, access to them, and even awareness of their existence, Poland is at the back of the world and Europe. That is why we created PolishCoin (PCC). Experts believe that so far, it is the best prepared cryptocurrency from Poland and is available on one of the exchange cryptocurrency exchanges. Ultimately, the creators want to disseminate PolishCoin enough to hit the global cryptocurrency exchanges. PLNcoin (PLNc)—on March 17, 2014, another Polish cryptocurrency started—PLNcoin. The creators of this coin, before the official opening, extracted 2 million coins. They distributed them for free in exchange for setting up an account on their site. 16,000 profiles have been created on their website. The currency appeared on several stock exchanges, and the company organizing foreign travels declared that it respected payments in PLNc next to Bitcoin and Litecoin. The creators of these Polish cryptocurrencies declare that we have created them in order to be able to pay in the virtual world for what we want and to whom we want without the control of banking institutions or the government [16]. This is the most frequently mentioned argument emphasizing the advantages of developing a new financial system based on cryptocurrencies. Unfortunately, there are also many uncontrolled threats. For example, skeptics indicate that many cryptocurrency writers are trying to use the prevailing socio-economic climate to earn from “pump and dump”—artificial price raising to sell coins or stocks when others are interested in them. They elevate the value of cryptocurrencies without any intention of building new economic infrastructure. Creators of all are dreaming that one day, their coins will become the means of payment. And for people, who decide to dig and collect coins that will make up for the chance to sleep on bitcoin. There is no point in cheating. Most coins will go into nonexistence after few months [17]. In the Polish market cryptocurrency, unfortunately, is dealing with chaos and destruction—in the best Polish execution. The only positive movement in relation to the cryptocurrency market is the issued statement of state authorities that the circulation of cryptocurrencies does not violate national and EU law, but their possession is associated with high risk, although it is definitely too small activity of legislative bodies. On the other hand, on the basis of global events in Poland, we are also moving toward the introduction of cryptocurrencies on certain legal regulations. An example will be new information obligations.

Output: contrast


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Output: pass


Input: Claim: Ethical concerns exist regarding the use of gene editing on human embryos. [SEP] Text: DOI: regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)-Cas9 (-associated nuclease 9) method has been dramatically changing the field of genome engineering. It is a rapid, highly efficient and versatile tool for precise modification of genome that uses a guide RNA (gRNA) to target Cas9 to a specific sequence. This novel RNA-guided genome-editing technique has become a revolutionary tool in biomedical science and has many innovative applications in different fields. In this review, we briefly introduce the Cas9-mediated genome-editing tool, summarize the recent advances inCas9 technology to engineer the genomes of a wide variety of organisms, and discuss their applications to treatment of fungal and viral disease. We also discuss advantageous ofCas9 technology to drug design, creation of animal model, and to food, agricultural and energy sciences. Adoption of theCas9 technology in biomedical and biotechnological researches would create innovative applications of it not only for breeding of strains exhibiting desired traits for specific industrial and medical applications, but also for investigation of genome function. 8. Applications ofCas9 in and ShuJun ZhangPages: 93-102. DOI: editing is unraveling its benefits in wide areas of scientific development and understanding. The advances of genome editing from ZFNs and to defines it wide applicability. Reproduction is the fundamental process by which all organisms maintain their generations. /Cas9, a new versatile genome editing tool is recently tamed to correct several disease causing genetic mutations spreading its arms to improve reproductive health. It not only edit harmful genetic mutations but is also applied to control the spread of parasitic diseases like malaria by introducing selfish genetic elements, propagated through generations and population via reproduction. These applications made us to review the recent developments of use in reproductive biology. 9. and KhalilPages: 103-110. DOI: has emerged as a simple, precise and most rapid genome editing technology. With a number of promising applications ranging from agriculture and environment to clinical therapeutics, it is greatly transforming the field of molecular biology. However, there are certain ethical, moral and safety concerns related to the attractive applications of this technique. The most contentious issues concerning human germline modifications are the challenges to human safety and morality such as risk of unforeseen, undesirable effects in clinical applications particularly to correct or prevent genetic diseases, matter of informed consent and the risk of exploitation for eugenics.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The value of all cryptocurrencies is stable and unaffected by market changes. [SEP] Text: of Finance wants to cover the information obligation of the company trading in cryptocurrencies, such as bitcoin. The idea was dealt with by members of the Committee, who were working on a government bill on counteracting money laundering and financing of terrorism. Currently, the first Polish act on cryptocurrencies awaits the signature of the president. They talked about them and blockchain technologies yesterday, among others experts from the of Poland and the Supervision Authority. As they said, we will have to wait at least 2 years for a full legal regulation of this issue. This is a good direction that already works, for example, in Japan. Undoubtedly, one should analyze the history of cryptocurrencies in countries that have experience in this sector due to faster development and that can be said for years. Because the collapse of the cryptocurrency exchange market in Japan took place already in 2014 and on these experiences regulations were introduced, which will now be introduced in Poland. It is a pity that it was not done earlier, learning from experience from other markets that already existed. In Poland, history has repeated itself and the regulations introduced are the aftermath of the fall of Bitcurex cryptocurrency in October 2016. Suddenly it was closed, and more than 2000 Bitcoin belonging to users were embezzled. However, as a result of the lack of regulation, no investor or consumer protection institutions have legal assistance options. Advertisement 4. are not controlled by governments or central banks. Countries usually use two tactics. Some adopted the ostrich strategy, hoping that the fashion will pass by itself and generally does not introduce any regulations on this subject, only those that result from the law of the associated countries, that is, refer to, for example, Member States, as in the case of Poland. The other part, however, wants to try and partly take control and earn on it. For example, in Japan, bitcoin has become a fully-fledged payment instrument. However, due to experience (the collapse of the Mt. Gox stock exchange in 2014 and the disappearance of 850,000 bitcoins), the government of Japan has clearly defined regulations. For example, entities that want to run cryptocurrency exchange services must appear in the register of the Agency of Japan, which carries out additional supervision. Countries such as Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Lithuania are in favor of earning money. These countries near Poland, due to the restrictions and unclear actions of state authorities, will simply take over cryptocurrency market participants and they will be earning money.

Output: contrast


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Output: pass


Input: Claim: Ethical concerns exist regarding the use of gene editing on human embryos. [SEP] Text: 03 August 2017 Podcast: The first flower, gene editing human embryos, and the antimatter quest Subscribe iPodcast acast RSS This week, the first flower, gene editing human embryos, and the antimatter quest. Your browser does not support the audio element. Download MP3See transcriptIn this episode:00:48 Editing embryosA new study is the first US based experiment to edit the genomes of viable human embryos. Research paper: Mitalipov et al. ; News and Views: At the heart of gene edits in human embryos; News: fixes disease gene in viable human embryos09:50 Matter’s mirror imageAntimatter should be the perfect reflection of matter. But one group of physicists are hunting for differences. Feature: The antimatter race15:52 Research HighlightsSlug inspired sealant; and evaporating snowball planets. Research Highlight: Slug-inspired glue stays sticky when wet; Research Highlight: Snowball planets’ lifeless future17:50 The first flowerResearchers work backwards to reconstruct the common ancestor to all modern flowers. Nature Communications: Sauquet et al. 23:58 News chatA possible ‘exomoon’; and improving the P value. News: Why astronomers reluctantly announced a possible exomoon discovery; News: Big names in statistics want to shake up much-maligned P valueNever miss an episode: Subscribe to the on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Spotify or your favourite podcast app. Head here for the RSS feed. doi: week, the first flower, gene editing human embryos, and the antimatter quest. [Jingle]Interviewer: Adam LevyWelcome to the Nature Podcast. Coming up in the show, we take a look at a new development in the gene editing of human embryos. Interviewer: Shamini BundellWe’ll also meet the physicists who are studying matter’s evil twin: antimatter. Plus, we’re having a look at the first flower. Interviewer: Adam LevyThis is the August the 3rd2017. I’m Adam Levy. Interviewer: Shamini BundellAnd I’m Shamini Bundell. [Jingle]Interviewer: Adam LevyThere’s been some reporting over the last week about the first US based experiments to edit genomes of viable human embryos. Very few details were known other than the fact that it had been done.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The value of all cryptocurrencies is stable and unaffected by market changes. [SEP] Text: On the other hand, the Polish government does not do much as part of real activity. Admittedly, the chaos related to the tax interpretation of the cryptocurrency market has finally been partially resolved, but no doubts have been finally resolved, which has a negative impact on investors. Because the Polish government stated that it is not going to issue a general tax interpretation in this matter. According to analysts, these negligence (lack of legal regulations) and lagging behind simply lose the chance of big money. For example, in 2016, the industry cryptocurrency in Poland paid over PLN 100 million in taxes. An example is the Auroracoin cryptocurrency (Iceland’s national coin) introduced in 2014. During the year, half of all coins were distributed to Iceland’s citizens. Everyone is eager (Icelandic population is about 330,000 people), he got 31 coins, worth about 380 dollars. The goal of the creators is to decentralize control over money and revive the local economy, which has long been struggling with the fall in the value of the Icelandic crown. In the coming years, all eyes will look to Iceland. What the Icelanders will do—whether they are interested in the coin and whether they will start trading it—may depend on the future of national crypts in other countries. According to the Journal, more than 70 hedge funds are currently investing in cryptocurrencies, and each day, the value of operations carried out with bitcoins reaches 750 million dollars. For the development of the cryptocurrency market, solutions that increase the security of cryptocurrencies will be necessary, which is another fundamental problem to be solved [18]. The most important factors that fundamentally affect the cryptocurrencies include:Confidence of users and investors—cryptocurrencies are virtual money that do not settle in any physical form. Their value is mainly justified by the offer and demand of users [19]. If the demand for cryptocurrencies increases, their exchange rate also increases. Conversely, if people get rid of cryptocurrencies, their exchange rate will decrease. Use of cryptocurrencies—cryptocurrencies were created as a virtual currency for fast and cheap internet transactions. The more vendors support and accept cryptocurrencies, the more they are used in practice and the greater the user community will be. Due to the long-growing value of cryptocurrencies, they are increasingly used for investment purposes. In countries with an unstable economy, virtual currencies are bought in order to preserve the value of their own money. Some cryptocurrencies (e. g.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Some assert that brain implants could enhance intelligence beyond natural limits. [SEP] Text: fr en ÉO Latest issues 9 | 2019La frontière en question. Seuils et franchissements 8 | 2018Réseau(x) et passage(s) 7 | 2018Normes et normativités 6 | 2017Corps modifiés 5 | 2017Identités plurielles 4 | 2016Émotions dans les sciences humaines et sociales 3 | 2016Foucault 2 | 2015Frontières 1 | 2015Conflits et malentendus culturels All issues and boards Instructions for and credits Publishing policies Appels à contribution Full text issues 2 | 2015 : Frontières Par-delà les frontières du corps. Quand les implants et les prothèses redéfinissent les limites de notre organisme Boundaries. the Limits of -Duarte DOI : 10. 57086/strathese. 203 Abstracts Français but de cet 1. En ce sens, une conceptualisation du corps n’est pas indispensable, étant donné que cela pourrait générer des approches adressées à différentes « représentations du corps », ou comme un lieu « d’investissement symbolique ». Après avoir développé ce que nous entendons par « corps », nous devons – pour permettre au lecteur de se repérer dans les méandres des multiples systèmes prothétiques – procéder à un rapide éclaircissement concernant ce que nous entendrons par « prothèse ». Nous appelons « prothèse » les systèmes techniques et technologiques (du plus basique au plus complexe) qui cherchent à remplacer un membre, un organe ou une fonction sensorielle. Si l’objet en question se surajoute à un membre (pour le corriger ou le compenser) au lieu de s’y substituer, on parlera plutôt d’« orthèse ».

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Ethical concerns exist regarding the use of gene editing on human embryos. [SEP] Text: Interviewer: Shamini BundellYes, so this is actually a Naturepaper that has now just been published and that I’ve been looking into this week. But it’s interesting to look at what the early coverage has focused on. An MIT technology review reporter wrote, ‘although none of the embryos were allowed to develop for more than a few days, and there was never any intention of implanting them into a womb, the experiments are a milestone on what may prove to be an inevitable journey towards the birth of the first genetically modified humans. ’ And that’s why there has been all this excitement and controversy over this paper. One possible outcome of genome-editing human embryos is this idea of designer babies; that parents would be able to select particular features in their offspring or artificially alter their intelligence or attractiveness. Now, this paper is actually a long way off from those kinds of complex alterations. In fact, what it shows is a very simple change. The aim was to fix a potentially fatal mutation that causes a disease called hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. spoke to the lead author, Shoukhrat Mitalipov, he was keen to emphasise the importance of this kind of research for treating inherited diseases like this one. Interviewee: Shoukhrat MitalipovSo the idea was that there are inheritable gene mutations in humans that cause a variety of disease and we’ve been trying to understand if today’s technology can allow us to actually correct these mutations in early human embryos. Interviewer: Shamini BundellHypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a heart condition that often goes undetected but can lead to sudden death in otherwise healthy adults. Most people with the condition will have one disease-causing version of the gene, and one healthy version, meaning that they have a 50% chance of passing it on to their children. One way to avoid this is to use IVF and test the embryos before implanting them in the womb: only implanting those embryos without the mutation. Shoukhrat’s team, however, were interested in whether they could fix the mutant gene in the embryos themselves. To do this, they made use of a popular gene-editing tool.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The value of all cryptocurrencies is stable and unaffected by market changes. [SEP] Text: , Ethereum) are also used by the so-called smart contracts. Cryptocurrencies without practical use, sooner or later cease to exist. Intervention of regulatory and supervisory authorities—if the government of an economically significant state starts supporting cryptocurrencies, the trust of users will usually increase, which will also increase the value of this cryptocurrency [20]. For example, when in April 2017, Japan recognized Bitcoin as a legal currency, its value increased significantly. But it works the other way round. Restrictions or bans on cryptocurrencies by state offices may start a sharp drop in the market. For example, in September 2017, China banned cryptocurrencies, which resulted in a fall in the exchange rate. and cryptocurrency regulations are also prepared by the Bank. Media attention—information about the growing value of cryptocurrencies attracts new investors, which increases demand and the cryptocurrency rate increases. Also, the views of well-known personalities and companies influence price increases or decreases. An example was the opinion of JPMorgan general director, Jamie Dimon, from September 2017, who described Bitcoin as a fraud and said that the owners of bitcoins will suffer great losses in the future. market reacted to this message with a decline [21]. Manipulating courses—investors use a manipulation technique known as “pump and dump. ” This technique involves the purchase of cryptocurrency for a low rate and its subsequent media propagation. This will attract new investors who will increase the rate. In the case of liquid markets, we can also increase the price by buying currency in large quantities [22]. When people notice that the rate of a given cryptocurrency increases, they will start investing, which will increase it. In the meantime, we can gradually buy a cryptocurrency for a much higher price than the purchase price. Without media propagation and other investors, the cryptocurrency will start to fall, but this does not apply to us because we have already sold the currency. This often also applies to the creators themselves or organizers and managers of many cryptocurrencies, which arise in order to create such a specific pyramid of finance, only for the purposes of their own income. This method (buy cheap—to convince others to buy—expensive to sell), unfortunately, the natural development of cryptocurrencies is not conducive and increases the high volatility of cryptocurrencies. Technological factors (creators, managers, regulators)–a change of course can also be manipulated by changes in the source code, for example, by implementing various improvements or changes in the number of coins available on the market.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Some assert that brain implants could enhance intelligence beyond natural limits. [SEP] Text: Par ailleurs, une prothèse peut être externe (on peut éventuellement parler d’« exoprothèse » c’est le cas des prothèses de jambe ou de bras, par exemple) ou interne (on peut alors utiliser le terme d’« implant prothétique », pour désigner les prothèses de hanche ou d’épaule, par exemple) : tandis qu’une prothèse externe est amovible et peut être retirée à tout moment, l’implant prothétique est fixé durablement au corps et ne peut être manipulé que par le biais d’une opération chirurgicale. Distinction plus subtile encore, certains des dispositifs présentés dans cet 3. C’est-à-dire que d’une certaine manière, notre corps déborde au-delà̀ de lui-même. Nous disposons à la fois de notre corps et des objets qui l’entourent. Notre corps lui-même évolue au sein de techniques et d’outils divers qui en modulent les capacités, les possibilités et les limites. Ainsi les frontières de notre corps se meuvent d’autant plus qu’on peut impliquer un nombre indéterminé d’outils dans l’équation corporelle, l’usage d’outils faisant partie intégrante de notre structure cérébrale et physiologique : Les rapports entre les outils, les techniques et le corps humain sont si directs qu’on ne saurait penser leurs structures et leurs évolutions de façon séparée.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Ethical concerns exist regarding the use of gene editing on human embryos. [SEP] Text: Interviewee: Shoukhrat MitalipovSo the powerful technology that we have so far is this so-called genetic scissors, which allows you to go into very specific sequences in the genome and make a cut in a really specific space. So with it doesn’t really correct but it makes cuts, so it makes damage. Interviewer: Shamini BundellAlthough gene-editing tools can be used to knock out certain genes, or even insert new ones, the aim here was to allow the cell to repair the cut gene itself. Almost all cells will try to automatically repair broken DNA, but the way embryos do this is slightly different. Interviewee: Shoukhrat MitalipovCells, most cells that we know, when they repair, they will make a mistake. But human embryos, they actually look for blueprints that will tell them how to re-programme this broken piece. Interviewer: Shamini BundellThe blueprint that the embryos found was already in the cell. The embryos all had one mutant copy on the gene and one normal, healthy copy. So when the mutated version got cut by the healthy copy was used as a template. This was an unexpected finding and could mean that could be used by other diseases caused by a mutation in a single version of a gene. The team also addressed a well-known problem in gene-editing called Mosaicism. This is when the edited embryo ends up with a mosaic of different cells, some of which have been fixed and some of which haven’t. Making the edit at the single cell stage, just after the sperm fertilises the egg should prevent this because every adult cell has descended from this first edited cell. But in many experiments, gene-editing at this stage has still led to a mosaic effect. Shoukhrat thinks he knows why. Interviewee: Shoukhrat MitalipovWhat they found is that even though we are targeting a single cell level, the DNA is already replicated inside. So the cell hasn’t divided yet but the DNA has already divided. Interviewer: Shamini BundellThe team showed that by using at an early stage, targeting the gene in the sperm before fertilisation, they could prevent this problematic mosaic effect and ensure every cell in the growing embryo has the corrected gene.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The value of all cryptocurrencies is stable and unaffected by market changes. [SEP] Text: Organizational factors—for example, factors affecting the extraction of cryptocurrencies (difficulties in mining, or the price of energy, which, as studies in the literature show, reach huge values comparable to the energy needed to satisfy thousands of households) [23]. Substitutes—after all, even assets on the stock exchange affect each other, Bitcoin’s growing interest is believed by some to fall in gold, etc. Bitcoin’s value influences the rates of other cryptocurrencies, which becomes an alternative to other investments or speculation. The maximum number of bitcoins created by creators is 21 million, and currently over 17 million are in use, so there will certainly be changes in the assumptions and functioning of entire cryptocurrency markets [24]. The most common opinions are that virtual currencies will be a new stage of development or a haven for cheaters. Certain solutions and regulations should be introduced, including possible ones, based on trust in international institutions that will cause a shift in the likelihood of using the possibility of using cryptocurrencies toward the development of the information society, thus limiting the opportunities of fraudsters and other crimes. Therefore, the main conclusion of the analyzes carried out regarding the cryptocurrency markets is that it will undoubtedly be the future of the financial payment system, but certainly not in its current form. Many local markets will repeat the already known cryptocurrency history, many of which will cease to function in a short time, resembling the financial pyramids. Certainly, cryptocurrency markets will develop and limit negative phenomena that affect confidence in the entire market. It is also possible that, as a result of the lack of other solutions, there will be a need to base cryptocurrencies on trust in states or international organizations. One thing is certain, some solutions will go down, and some will go into widespread use, laying the foundations for the digital financial system of the information society. Advertisement 1. Satoshi N. Bitcoin: A Peer-To-[Internet]. 2008. Available from: [Accessed: May 01, 2018] 2. Investopedia. What is a Cryptocurrency [Internet]. 2018. Available from: [Accessed: April 25, 2018] 3. Christin N. Traveling the silk road: A measurement analysis of a large anonymous online marketplace. In: Proceedings of the 22nd Conference. Rio de Janeiro. Brazil. 13-17 May 2013. 4. Abram G, Szymura T. Bitcoin–or Currency? [Internet]. 2017.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Some assert that brain implants could enhance intelligence beyond natural limits. [SEP] Text: L’étude de l’anatomie humaine et de son évolution devrait comprendre, pour être complète, l’analyse simultanée du corps et des outils qui en font partie. Ces remarques expliquent l’approche très originale proposée par Leroi-Gourhan à propos de l’évolution des techniques : reconnaissant leur ancienneté et leur rôle fondamental dans le mouvement d’hominisation, il les « biologise » (Tibon-Cornillot, 2002, p. 228). D’une certaine manière, les outils ne sont pas simplement des prolongements artificiels de notre corps, ils en sont bien les prolongements naturels. L’indétermination exceptionnelle des frontières de notre organisme est le fruit de cette influence mutuelle de l’usage d’outils (qui modèlent le corps et le cerveau) et de notre plasticité cérébrale et corporelle (qui nous permet d’intégrer des éléments externes à l’ensemble de notre enveloppe corporelle). En quelque sorte, les outils ne sont pas des éléments étrangers face à notre organisme, ils en sont de véritables annexes, des prolongements à part entière. C’est en grande partie par leur biais que nos frontières sont si mobiles et modulables, et réciproquement, cette modularité du corps est la condition sine qua non de l’usage d’outils. Cette notion pré-requise du corps plastique étant posée, passons à présent en revue un certain nombre d’usages liés à cet outil très particulier qu’est la prothèse.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Ethical concerns exist regarding the use of gene editing on human embryos. [SEP] Text: These findings could help make this kind of treatment safer and more effective for eventual use on patients but some people question whether this kind of research should be done at all. Interviewee: Shoukhrat MitalipovControversy has unfortunately always surrounded us but I tried to explain that this is for the sake of saving children from horrible diseases, inheritable conditions, which need to be treated. And unfortunately these are genetic diseases that need to be treated by genetic approaches. Interviewer: Shamini BundellThat was of the in the US. There’s been a lot of buzz about this paper at the Natureoffices and beyond. Our reporter has written a news story on the piece and she joins us in the studio now. Heidi, now that journalists have actually been able to read the paper, do you think the coverage will have a different tone? Interviewee: Heidi LedfordWell it might. Some of the coverage initially was a bit scatter shot, I guess you could say. There were some interesting claims made about how this was the first time genes had been edited in viable human embryos which is not the case. There’s a group in China that had reported that earlier this year. Interviewer: Shamini BundellSo if this has been done before – we have done gene-editing on human embryos before – why is this a particular splash, this story? Interviewee: Heidi LedfordWell, what people are telling me is that there have been a number of improvements in the technique made in this paper. So there are a lot of safety concerns about trying to edit human embryos in the clinic. Just about anybody you talk to says it’s nowhere near ready for that yet. And some of those safety concerns though are addressed in this paper, not necessarily fully, but they’ve taken steps to address some of them. Interviewer: Shamini BundellAnd so one of the key issues that people are focusing on is this is germ-line editing. So the germ-line cells in the embryo are going to turn into the sperm and eggs that make the children. So any edits you do to the germ line are going to get passed on and on down through the generations. Interviewee: Heidi LedfordThat’s right. Interviewer: Shamini BundellAnd why is that so much more controversial than…?

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The value of all cryptocurrencies is stable and unaffected by market changes. [SEP] Text: Available from: [Accessed: April 22, 2018] 5. Moneycontrol. to Launch his [Internet]. 2018. Available from: -to-launch-his-own-cryptocurrency-2553257. html [Accessed: April 27, 2018] 6. Rosic A. What is Cryptocurrency: Everything you Need to Know [Internet]. 2018. Available from: [Accessed: May 01, 2018] 7. Coindesk. Bitcoin (USD) Price [Internet]. 2018. Available from: [Accessed: May 02, 2018] 8. Money [Internet]. 2018. Available from: [Accessed: April 28, 2018] 9. Chaparro F. 97 in Only 4 Percent all Portfolios [Internet]. 2018. Available from: [Accessed: April 20, 2018] 10. Ratajczak M. Niecodzienny protest inwestujących w kryptowaluty [Internet]. 2018. Available from: [Accessed: April 18, 2018] 11. Tabaka M. into the Chaos of [Internet]. 2018. Available from: [Accessed: April 26, 2018] 12. Piech K, Kacwin M. of the in Poland and Revenues of the State Budget. Warsaw. 2017. 13. Bitcoin. pl of Exchanges for Cryptocurrencies [Internet]. 2018. Available from: [Accessed: May 02, 2018] 14. Cryptocurrencies–in Them is Safe? [Internet]. 2018. Available from: [Accessed: April 30, 2018] 15. PolCoin. What is PolCoin? [Internet]. 2014. Available from: [Accessed: May 03, 2018] 16. Woźnicki Ł. – Cryptocurrencies [Internet]. 2018. Available from: [Accessed: April 15, 2018] 17. Jagiełowicz M. Cryptocurrencies–or Not? [Internet]. 2018. Available from: [Accessed: April 10, 2018] 18. Extance A. The future of cryptocurrencies: Bitcoin and beyond. [Internet]. 2015. Available from: [Accessed: June 10, 2018] 19. Miciuła I. The concept of FTS analysis in forecasting trends of exchange rate changes. Economics and Sociology.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Some assert that brain implants could enhance intelligence beyond natural limits. [SEP] Text: En effet, la prothèse n’est pas un objet comme les autres, de par la relation très spécifique qu’elle a avec le corps : elle en module les frontières plus que tout autre type d’outil, en ce qu’elle ne se contente pas de prolonger le corps de façon ponctuelle et réversible, mais vient réellement se fondre dans celui-ci, en se substituant pleinement à une fonction manquante, au lieu de simplement se superposer à une fonction et/ou un membre déjà présents. Les frontières du corps peuvent alors être pleinement questionnées par la présence de cet étonnant outil. Elles entrent dans une zone intermédiaire, défiant toute vision dichotomique du corps (organique/inorganique, sujet/objet, intérieur/extérieur, familier/étranger, etc. ). Il n’y a dès lors plus d’un côté le corps et de l’autre l’outil, plus de frontière fixe entre le sujet et l’objet, mais un nouveau territoire mixte, hybride, et indéterminé. Rétablir les frontières abîmées du corps Commençons par aborder son usage le plus ancien, le plus fréquent, et le plus fondamental : la restitution de capacités motrices ou sensorielles perdues. La prothèse, avant toute autre chose, a pour fonction de reconstruire le corps là où il a été altéré, elle cherche à remplacer ou au moins compenser une perte corporelle.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Ethical concerns exist regarding the use of gene editing on human embryos. [SEP] Text: Interviewee: Heidi LedfordOh gosh, it’s much more frightening isn’t it? If you make a mistake, ah, there go the kids and their kid’s kids and everything. It’s a much more difficult situation ethically to wrestle with. When you talk about editing an embryo and making a change that could be passed down to future generations, you have to be very, very serious that you have to edit that embryo. I mean, with other kinds of gene therapies that are performed in adults or even children, you’re not going to have that changed passed down to the next generation and so different benefit-risk kind of analysis going on. That needs to be reserved for situations where there’s no other possibility – this is a last resort treatment. Interviewer: Shamini BundellAnd people think it’s a slippery slope. Now that we’re doing this for this terrible heart condition, therefore, designer babies around the corner? Interviewee: Heidi LedfordI think there are some technical hurdles to that as well. It’s one thing to try and use gene-editing to treat a condition that’s linked to a single mutation in a single gene. A designer baby: that’s a very complex – I mean, and I’m using designer baby as kind of code for, oh, I want this colour hair, and this colour eyes, and I want them to be this smart and this athletic. We have no idea how to engineer that yet. It’s something to discuss. I’m not trying to put it off as something that we shouldn’t be talking about or worried about. It’s something to discuss, to look ahead to, but it’s really thinking a long way down the line I think. Interviewer: Shamini BundellSo, what about the scientific community’s response to this paper? Is it as dramatic as it sounds even to a knowledgeable scientist? Interviewee: Heidi LedfordIt’s a bit more nuanced I’d say but the people that I’ve spoken to so far are pleased to see it, I guess, and to say okay, so they’ve made these improvements and the off target genetic changes that people were very worried about making – this paper doesn’t see any evidence for those.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The value of all cryptocurrencies is stable and unaffected by market changes. [SEP] Text: Cryptocurrencies, gold, and WTI crude oil market efficiency: a dynamic analysis based on the adaptive market hypothesis access Published: 27 April 2021 Cryptocurrencies, gold, and WTI crude oil market efficiency: a dynamic analysis based on the adaptive market hypothesis : orcid. org/0000-0002-7606-94641 & Jafari1 2019. We applied two alternative tests to examine linear and nonlinear dependency, i. e. , automatic portmanteau and generalized spectral tests. The analysis of observed results validated the adaptive market hypothesis (AMH) in all markets, but the degree of adaptability between the data was different. In this study, we also analyzed the existence of evolutionary behavior in the market. To achieve this goal, we checked the results by applying the rolling-window method with three different window lengths (50, 100, and 150 days) on the test statistics, which was consistent with the findings of AMH. IntroductionThe substantial growth of cryptocurrencies has attracted considerable attention from investors and policymakers in recent years. As of June 5, 2019, this growth topped 2216 cryptocurrencies in market capitalization and volume of trade, and the top three coins, Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Ripple, together accounted for more than 70 percent of the market share (Capitalizations 2019). One of the critical issues yet to be analyzed is whether the dynamic behavior of cryptocurrencies is predictable, which would be inconsistent with the efficient market hypothesis (EMH), according to which prices should follow a random walk (see Fama 1970). Long-memory techniques can be applied for this purpose. In the meantime, numerous studies have provided evidence of the persistent behavior of asset prices (see Caporale et al. 2016)Footnote 1 and have also found that this behavior varies over time, but few studies have focused on the cryptocurrency market. One of the few exceptions is the work of Bouri et al. (2016), who discovered long memory properties in the volatility of Bitcoin. Most of the existing studies concerning market efficiency in financial assets have accepted weak-form efficiencies (see Fama 1970). The notion of efficient financial markets is a well-established topic in finance and economics. The concept of market efficiency was discussed over the past five decades since Fama (1970) first introduced the renowned EMH concept. In earlier years of analyzing the market efficiency; it focused on stochastic processes of asset price fluctuations.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Some assert that brain implants could enhance intelligence beyond natural limits. [SEP] Text: Certaines mutilations sont en effet tellement profondes qu’elles abolissent les frontières initiales du corps, et le modifient de façon irréversible : c’est le cas de l’amputation, qui laisse le corps incomplet, et parfois incompétent (dans les cas d’amputations majeures4, notamment). Face à de tels bouleversements, l’homme n’a jamais cessé de chercher à restaurer l’intégrité de son enveloppe corporelle et de récupérer l’ensemble de ses fonctions motrices. La fabrication et l’usage de prothèses sont de fait loin d’être des pratiques récentes. Sans pouvoir déterminer l’origine de leur existence, on peut cependant trouver des allusions à ces pratiques dans des textes très anciens (épopée de Guilgamesh), et l’on dispose actuellement de certains vestiges de prothèses très anciennes, qui confirment l’importance de la recherche et de la conception de ce type d’outils à des fins de restauration de l’intégrité corporelle. On pourra ainsi citer les fameuses prothèses d’orteils trouvées récemment par des chercheurs sur une momie de la cité de Thèbes, estimées à plus de 700 ans av. J. -C. 5, qui sont à ce jour considérées comme les plus anciennes prothèses connues, et dont on sait depuis les recherches menées par l’égyptologue Jacqueline Finch, qu’elles n’étaient pas qu’un simple accessoire esthétique, mais bel et bien un substitut fonctionnel.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Gene editing in plants can improve crop resistance to pests and diseases. [SEP] Text: -19 PreprintsProtocolsVideosJournalsTools & a 10. 21203/rs. 3. rs-703653/v1This work is licensed under a CC BY 4. 0 LicenseStatus:Under ReviewVersion 1posted 4You are reading this latest preprint versionAbstractThe plasmid pBI121 cry1Ab was used to transform peach explants to produce insect resistant plants. The plasmid was constructed from cloning the synthetic cryIAb gene with intron of castor bean catalase-1 gene into the pBI121 binary vector under the control of CaMV35S promoter. Leaf discs of peach (L. ) were co-cultivated for two days with A. tumefaciens strain LBA 4404. Explants were plated on WPM medium supplemented with 125 mg/l kanamycin, 3% sucrose, 2. 5 mg L-1 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and 0. 5 mg/l BA (6-benzyladenine) in darkness for callus formation. The calli were then selected on WPM medium supplemented with 125 mg L-1 kanamycin, 3% sucrose, 3. 00 mg L-1 TDZ (Thidiazuron), 1. 0 mg L-1 Kn (kinetin) and 0. 5 mg L-1 IAA (Indoleacetic acid) in the light for at least five subcultures (with a regeneration efficiency of 91. 8%). The integration of cryIAb gene into the peach genome was confirmed by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and northern blot analysis. The transformation efficiency (28%) was obtained when leaves were incubated for 15 min. with A. tumefaciens. The cryIAb gene expression was confirmed using RT-PCR, northern blot hybridization, immune-strip test and insect bioassays, respectively. For insect bioassay, it was evident from data the toxin CryIAb protein expressed in transformed peach plants showed 100% mortality at 1000 ppm against Synanthedon exitiosa larvae’s after 96 hr. These results obtained improved significantly of CryIAb toxin protein against lepidopteron larvae of peach. BotanyPeach (Prunus persica L.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The value of all cryptocurrencies is stable and unaffected by market changes. [SEP] Text: The reasoning behind market efficiency was that asset prices in an efficient market should follow a random-walk process because all available information about the prices was already mirrored in the asset price. Therefore, asset prices could not be forecasted based on a recent series of data. Thus, gathering information in an efficient market would not be effective because new information would immediately change its price. Grossman and Stiglitz (1980) argued that a perfect market is unfeasible because if prices expressed all available information, traders would have no incentive to obtain costly information. In other words, if a market shows weak-form efficiency, then returns are not forecastable and must be independent of each other (Fama 1970). In contrast, if prices are forecastable and dependent, traders can utilize them to obtain abnormal profits. Several papers have shown that asset prices do not accompany random walks and that price fluctuations are forecastable (Fama and French 1988). Diverse trading strategies can be utilized based on these forecasted variances in returns (Jegadeesh and Titman 1993). This finding has caused a burgeoning of literature to scrutinize the viability of the EMH notion in different countries (see Opong et al. 1999; Borges 2010). These studies have applied statistical tests to assess whether a market is efficient over some predetermined periods with the result that market efficiency can be used under all-or-nothing circumstances. A dispute exists between recent literature and EMH because studies have found that market oddities do exist as returns have a dependent feature (see Shahid and Mehmood 2015). These studies have demonstrated that the stock exchanges have some abnormal profits. A theoretical approach has confirmed this dispute, as Grossman and Stiglitz (1980) debated that it is impracticable for a capital market to be perfectly efficient because investors would have no advantage to obtain costly information if markets were efficient and profit-making opportunities were not available. Regarding the aspect of the impossibility of a perfectly efficient market, Campbell et al. (1997) suggested relative efficiency rather than perfect efficiency, which causes an oscillation from testing the market's efficiency from an all-or-nothing condition to evaluate it over the period. Moreover, these findings and recently developed empirical literature have indicated that market efficiency changes over time (see Lim and Brooks 2011). These studies have challenged the viability of the EMH and suggest that it does not regularly hold.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Some assert that brain implants could enhance intelligence beyond natural limits. [SEP] Text: Par ailleurs, de nombreux spécimens de membres artificiels datant de différentes époques nous parviennent encore à ce jour, illustrant la constance de ces pratiques, toutes cultures confondues6. Les prothèses internes quant à elles, bien plus difficiles à mettre en place, car nécessitant une opération chirurgicale délicate, n’existaient pas avant la toute fin du XIXe siècle. On attribue les premières mises en place d’articulations artificielles à Themistocles Gluck, qui a implanté des prothèses de poignet en ivoire dès 18907. Mais c’est au cours des années 20 que ces pratiques se sont réellement développées dans le domaine médical, notamment en s’élargissant à d’autres articulations.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Gene editing in plants can improve crop resistance to pests and diseases. [SEP] Text: )AgrobateriumGene expressionSynthetic cry1Ab geneInsect bioassayFiguresFigure 1Figure 2Figure 3Figure 4Figure 5Figure 6Figure 7Figure 8Key MessageIn vitro peach regeneration from in vitro leaves is difficult, as well as regeneration using the method of genetic transfer such as agrobacterium to impart the desired characteristics of the plants with the aim of improvement is very difficult. This paper is the first to transgenic peach plants carrying cry1Ab gene for insect resistance particularly the peach tree borer. IntroductionPeach (Prunus persica) is a deciduous tree or shrub reaching up to 8-9 meters in height, have the ability to produce fruit for 20 years, believed to have originated in China and considered the eighth most main commercial fruit crop worldwide (Souza et al. 2011). The peach belong to the Rosaceae family, which has many other species of commercial importance, contains many fruit, nut, and ornamental species (Wang et al. 2002; Bodh et al. 2019). region is the center of world production, especially in Italy, Spain, France and Turkey (Declerck and Korban 1996; Gentile et al. 2002). The percentage of areas planted with peaches in terms of the size is distributed as follows: 71. 8% Asia, 16. 4% Europe, 15% China, 7. 4% Americas and 4. 1% Africa, but in the last 4 years, the area planted with peaches decreased from 1600 k ha in a year 2015 to 1500 K ha in a year 2019 (FAO 2020) Peach trees are exposed to many different pests and diseases such as peach tree borer (Synanthedon exitiosa), the yellow peach moth (Conogethes punctiferalis), the cutworm moths (Abagrotis orbis), Lyonetia prunifoliella, the fruit tree borer (Maroga melanostigma), which causes strike serious damage of trees and fruits which reducing production and quality (Zehr et al. 1995; Cottrel et al. 2006; CABI 2014). Insect herbivores cause huge losses in crop production, reducing yields in major crops by up to 20% (Ferry et al. 2004).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The value of all cryptocurrencies is stable and unaffected by market changes. [SEP] Text: This continued debate about the EMH has been furthered by reasoning from behavioral finance specialists about the central assumption of the EMH (the rationality perspective of investors). Furthermore, Lo (2004) expanded on behavioral biases based on Simon’s (1955) concept of bounded rationality. Bearing in mind the sociological attitude of the EMH argument, an alternative approach may be required rather than the standard deductive method of neoclassical economics, which is bounded by rationality. A new approach was suggested by Farmer and Lo (1999), and Farmer (2002) applied evolutionary concepts to financial markets. Lo (2005) disputed that moving to a state of equilibrium was neither likely to happen nor assured at any point in the future periods. Undoubtedly, it is erroneous to assume that the market has to adjust its position toward a stable equilibrium state or a perfect efficiency. Alternatively, the new paradigm (suggested in follows), offers more sophisticated market dynamics, such as cycles, crashes, trends, bubbles, and other developments in the financial market, resulting in market inefficiency (Lo 2005). On this subject, Lo (2004) proposed the concept of the adaptive market hypothesis (AMH) to assert that market efficiency and inefficiencies coexist in a reasonably consistent manner. Moreover, the AMH permits market efficiency to oscillate over time and does not suggest an all-or-nothing arrangement. The AMH borrows from the notion of evolution in biology and bounded rationality (Simon 2000) and debates that, by rational entities, the processes of competition, learning, and natural selection push prices to approach their efficient values. As market participants adjust to an evolving environment, they count on heuristics to build their investment choices. The AMH offers an essential theoretical foundation to bring together behavioral models with EMH to explain the anomalies. Note that numerous examples indicate the breaches of rationality that conflict with market efficiency (e. g. , overconfidence, loss aversion, mental accounting, overreaction, and other behavioral biases). As long as there may be arbitrage opportunities in the market, these anomalies would disappear as they are detected and used by the market participants, and new opportunities may arise. These conducts are consistent with an evolutionary model of individuals adapting to a changing environment through simple heuristics. In addition, the occurrences that alter financial market situations (e. g.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Some assert that brain implants could enhance intelligence beyond natural limits. [SEP] Text: Depuis une quarantaine d’années, d’excellents résultats ont été obtenus dans le développement et l’amélioration de ces prothèses (tout particulièrement grâce à l’utilisation de nouveaux matériaux) et de plus en plus de cas d’arthrose ou autres défaillances osseuses sont traités grâce à ce procédé qui s’est par ailleurs largement démocratisé, à tel point qu’à l’heure actuelle, à peu près toutes les articulations du corps sont remplaçables : on est ainsi capable de mettre en place des prothèses totales de hanches, de genoux, de chevilles, de coudes, d’épaules, de poignets, de doigts, sans compter les nombreuses autres prothèses partielles (vertèbres par exemple). Plus tardifs encore, les implants sensoriels (qui ne remplacent donc pas une fonction motrice mais sensitive) n’ont fait leur apparition qu’au courant de la seconde moitié du 19e siècle. Les premiers prototypes d’implants cochléaires ont ainsi été mis en place dès 1957, mais ce n’est qu’à partir de 1978 que ceux-ci sont fonctionnels de façon stable et fiable. Quant aux implants rétiniens, leur conception date de 1999, et ce n’est que depuis 2006 que les prototypes et essais de tels implants se mettent réellement en place.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Gene editing in plants can improve crop resistance to pests and diseases. [SEP] Text: The peach tree borer, Synanthedon exitiosa (Say) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), is a very dangerous agriculture pest that infects a variety of stone–fruit trees such Prunus spp. including peach (Prunus persica L. ), is responsible for more damage to peach trees than all other insect pests (Johnson et al. 2005). S exitiosa do not attack the fruit, but rather the tree itself, hiding in its trunk near ground level or blowing into it and devouring the live cambium layer of the trunk and large roots that form arcades located around the surface of the soil to a depth of approximately 30 cm. (Shapiro-Ilan et al. 2015). Also, Reilly et al. (1987) mention to the peach tree borer can damage the tree by inducing plant pathogens to invade the weakened tree. Countries around the world spend more than $3 billion each year to reduce insect pests (Wilcox et al. 1986). Sales microbial insecticide are estimated to be less than 1% of this total but are expected to increase by up to 70% by year 2020 (Tabashnik et al. 1990). Numerous studies have indicated the effectiveness of using microbiological control agents as a biological therapeutic method to manage insect pests in agriculture ecosystems (Shapiro-Ilan et al. 2009; El-Gaied et al. 2020). One of these biological insecticides organisms is B. thuringiensis (Bt) which used to control Spodoptera exigua (Hübner; Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)–a worldwide, polyphagous pest species (Baranek et al. 2020). Bt is notable for its production of a variety of insecticidal crystalline proteins that are encoded by cry genes (Höfte and Whiteley 1989; Atia 2020). Cry proteins is safe alternative to chemical pesticides, not toxic to humans, and it does not cause the serious environmental (Balaraman 2005). With this base of knowledge on Bt and cry protein the possibility are open to apply several strategies such as using cry protein by genetic engineering to improve pest control and reduce pesticides (Jenkins and Dean 2000). The use of protein engineering has become an interesting topic, due to the significant public debate that exists regarding its potential benefits or adverse effects (Kranthi and Stone 2020).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The value of all cryptocurrencies is stable and unaffected by market changes. [SEP] Text: , crashes, bubbles) influence participants' psychological process in the market through which they absorb the new information into prices (Charles et al. 2012). Considering these arguments, in this study, we assessed the market efficiency's evolutionary behavior in regard to selected cryptocurrencies, gold, and Intermediate (WTI) oil prices in the AMH framework. We selected gold and WTI crude oil along with cryptocurrencies for the following reasons: In the finance literature, different roles have been expressed for gold, including a surrogate currency, a hedging tool against inflation, and a safe-haven asset, as well as its use in achieving greater risk diversification in investors’ portfolios. These factors have received increased attention from policymakers, portfolio investors, and risk managers. Another asset that investors are usually interested in is crude oil, which is an essential commodity that also has been commonly used to hedge against economic risks. The rise of commodity financialization since 2005 (Lei et al. 2019; Chen et al. 2018; Tang and Xiong 2012) and the impact of oil price changes on the real economy and financial markets have been investigated extensively in the literature (Hamilton 1996; Jones and Kaul 1996; Kilian and Park 2009). In addition, WTI crude oil is a benchmark in this area and is also a critical component in most energy and commodity indices in financial markets. Literature reviewA critical implication of the AMH is that individual p2017. Their findings suggested that this market showed persistence and that its degree fluctuated over time. Therefore, based on the predictability of data, they inferred that the market was inefficient, and traders could attain abnormal profits in this situation. Khuntia and Pattanayak (2018) evaluated the AMH and return predictability in the Bitcoin market. They applied two different methods to capture time-varying linear and nonlinear dependence in Bitcoin returns. Their finding was that the market efficiency changed with time and confirmed the AMH in the Bitcoin market. Kristoufek (2018) examined the efficiency of two Bitcoin markets and their evolving behavior over time. They applied the efficiency index of Kristoufek and Vosvrda (2013), which involved numerous types of (in)efficiency measures. Their study's notable finding was that there was strong evidence of both Bitcoin markets remaining mostly inefficient between 2010 and 2017 with the exceptions of several periods (after the observation of a bubble-like price increase). Zhang et al.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Some assert that brain implants could enhance intelligence beyond natural limits. [SEP] Text: Toutes ces différentes prothèses, de la plus ancienne à la plus futuriste, de la plus simple à la plus perfectionnée, ont en commun le même objectif : restaurer des frontières corporelles bouleversées par la mutilation. L’amputation d’une jambe, d’une main, ou encore d’une articulation, sont autant de fractures dans la configuration originelle du corps humain. Afin d’aider le sujet amoindri par les blessures de son corps à surmonter cette éprouvante étape identitaire, la prothèse se doit donc de reconstruire ces frontières abîmées, et de rendre (autant que possible) au corps et au sujet leur intégrité initiale. Mais est-il réellement possible de retrouver cette intégrité La prothèse, aussi fonctionnelle soit-elle, n’est pour autant pas un membre ou un organe à part entière, elle reste une machine, un outil, elle n’est ni vivante ni même organique. Comment le corps peut-il alors composer avec elle Peut-il vraiment l’intégrer au point de ne faire plus qu’un avec elle Tout d’abord, il faut distinguer les situations impliquant des implants prothétiques de celles impliquant des prothèses externes. Une personne à qui on aura implanté une prothèse de genou ou de cheville ne pensera plus forcément à la nature « étrangère » de sa prothèse, surtout une fois que ses fonctions motrices auront été récupérées. Elle ne voit pas sa prothèse, ne la sent pas, et de fait, n’y pense généralement pas.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Gene editing in plants can improve crop resistance to pests and diseases. [SEP] Text: Modified crops containing cry genes that express sufficient levels of insecticidal proteins have been developed to protect them from attacks insect pests in many plants (Betz et al. 2000; Ranjekar et al. 2003). As a result of the expansion in the cultivation of these GMC on a large commercial scale, this can generate mutation in target insect pests, as has happened with chemical insecticides, Consequently, the potential development of insect resistance is the greatest threat to breeding programs for the sustainable use of modified plants (Shelton et al. 2002; Butko 2013). Accordingly, working on developing genetic engineering techniques will remain the most important duty of plant breeders to sustain the fight against insect diseases. Several reports are available on dicot and monocot species that have been transformed using these genes and become resistant to insect pests using biotechnology tools (Hinchee et al. 1988; Perlak et al. 1993; Nayak et al. 1997; Gomez et al. 2014). There are several genetically modified crops with the Bt cry1Ab gene that have been to be highly effective against larval insect pests (Ye et al. 2001; Dutton et al. 2005; Pardo et al. 2013; Hemaid et al. 2017; Xu et al. 2018). Prunus species is one of the most difficult species of perennial trees to produce in vitro regeneration shoots, although reports have obtained of successful in vitro regeneration and transformation species recently (Gentile et al. 2003; Song and Sink 2005; Petri et al. 2008; Zhou et al. 2010; Sidorova et al. 2017and 2019; Sabbadini et al. 2019; Ricci et al. 2020). In vitro shoot regeneration of peach from juvenile or seedling explants is achieved, but is difficult to accomplish from mature plant (San et al. 2014). Nevertheless, adding more desirable characteristics while preserving valuable traits of mature genotypes requires reliable and good tools for regeneration and genetic transformation (Zhou et al. 2010). This work describes the transformation of peach (Prunus persica L. ) by using Agrobacterium tumefaciens having cry1Ab gene to improve of insect resistant peach and evaluation of cry1Ab gene expression in peach plant against Synanthedon exitiosa. This is the first report of the synthesis and expression of Cry1Ab gene in putative transgenic peach plants.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The value of all cryptocurrencies is stable and unaffected by market changes. [SEP] Text: (2018) verified the issue of informational efficiency in the cryptocurrency market by evaluating nine forms of cryptocurrencies (i. e. , and Verge) according to efficiency tests. The empirical results in their study exhibited inefficiency in all of these cryptocurrencies markets. Corbet et al. (2018) examined the interactions between three well-known cryptocurrencies and various other financial assets. They found evidence of the relative isolation of these assets from the financial and economic assets. In addition, their results showed that cryptocurrencies may offer diversification benefits for investors with short investment horizons and that time variation in the linkages reflect external economic and financial shocks. Gajardo et al. (2018) applied multifractal adjusted detrended cross-correlation analysis (MF-ADCCA) to investigate the presence and asymmetry of the cross-correlations among the major currencies and Bitcoin, the (DJIA), the price of gold, and the crude oil market. They observed that multifractality existed in every cross-correlation studied and that there was an asymmetry in the cross-correlation exponents in the data. Bitcoin showed more significant multifractal spectra than the other currencies on its cross-correlation with the WTI, gold, and the DJIA. The authors concluded that Bitcoin had a different relationship with stock market indices and commodities, which should be considered when investing. Ghazani and Ebrahimi (2019) investigated the existence of the AMH by utilizing daily returns from 2003 to 2018 for three crude oils: Brent, WTI, and Organization of the Countries (OPEC) basket. The findings indicated that the WTI and the Brent oil markets had the topmost efficiency levels. OPEC basket behavior demonstrated that by moving toward longer window lengths, the extent of compliance with AMH decreased. Jin et al. (2019) argued that in a system containing three commonly used hedging assets (i. e. , Bitcoin, gold, and crude oil), they would be able to recognize which one was more informative in clarifying price oscillations. Three different methods, multifractal detrended cross-correlation analysis (MF-DCCA), information share (IS) analysis, and multivariate GARCH (), were utilized to reach this goal.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Some assert that brain implants could enhance intelligence beyond natural limits. [SEP] Text: Dans ce cas précis, on peut dire que la prothèse est intégrée au plus profond du corps, elle en fait totalement partie, et en un certain sens, les frontières de l’enveloppe corporelle se sont comme refermées sur elle. Elle fait partie intégrante du territoire corporel. Mais ce n’est pas toujours le cas, notamment lorsqu’on aborde la problématique des exoprothèses. En effet, celles-ci sont à l’extérieur du corps. Elles sont donc visibles en permanence. Et quand bien même on est en mesure de « maquiller » les prothèses par le biais d’un habillage couleur chair parfois très réaliste, une prothèse de jambe ou de bras ne sera jamais une jambe ou un bras, et si l’observateur extérieur ne s’en rend souvent pas compte, l’amputé appareillé, lui, n’est pas dupe. Le deuxième point concerne le fait qu’elles sont amovibles. Elles ne sont pas fixées de façon permanente au corps, et doivent être retirées régulièrement (durant la nuit, pendant la toilette, etc. ). Les frontières du corps sont alors sans cesse modifiées selon que la prothèse est portée ou non, et le corps passe successivement de « complet » à « incomplet » et de « valide » à « invalide ».

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Gene editing in plants can improve crop resistance to pests and diseases. [SEP] Text: MethodsConstruction of the synthetic cryIAb gene and bacterial strain. The cry1Ab gene under the control of the CaMV35S promoter and kanamycin resistance gene (npt-II) as a plant selectable marker under the NOS promoter were sub-cloned in the binary plasmid vector pBI121, designated as pBI121 cry1Ab has a 1845 bp fragment of the cry1Ab gene containing the intron of castor bean catalase-1 gene (190 bp) with a pair of synthetic linkers of BamHI site and the terminator of nopaline synthase gene (Fig. 1). The cry1Ab gene has been cloned and their nucleotide sequence was determined from Bacillus thuringiensis. The plasmid pBI121 cry1Ab was constructed by Prof. Dr. Hemaid I. A. Soliman from cloning the synthetic cry1Ab gene. The plasmid pBI121 cry1Ab were transformed into the A. tumefaciens strain LBA4404 and used for peach (L. ) transformation experiments. In vitro regeneration of peach (L. ) Leaves collected after on month from in vitro proliferating microshoots of peach (L. ) cv. Balady grown in Taif governorate, previously propagated by stem nodal sections on MS medium containing 2 mg L-1 Benzyle adenine (BA), 0. 2 mg L-1 indole3 butyric acid (IBA), 30 g l-1sucrose and 2. 5 g l-1phytagel as described by Soliman (2013). The MS medium was adjusted for pH 5. 8 and was autoclaved for 20 min at 121°C. All samples were incubated at 25 ± 2 ° C with a light period of 16 hrs (3240µmol m2s-1 intensity). The in vitro leaves were cut (5 mm length) and planted on two different media: MS (Murashig and Skoog 1962) and WPM (Lloyd and McCown 1980) containing different concentrations of 0. 5 - 4. 0 mg L-1 2,4-D in combination with 0. 25 - 3. 0 mg L-1 BAP or kinetin.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The value of all cryptocurrencies is stable and unaffected by market changes. [SEP] Text: The results illustrated that (1) the MF-DCCA suggested that multifractality existed in the cross-correlations among the three hedging assets, and Bitcoin was more prone to price fluctuations than gold and crude oil markets. (2) The dynamic correlations between gold and crude oil markets were almost positive, whereas those between Bitcoin and gold and between Bitcoin and oil markets were nearly negative. Kang et al. (2019) utilized wavelet coherence and dynamic conditional correlations (DCCs) to analyze the hedging and diversification properties of Bitcoin prices in regard to gold futures. They examined whether the bubble patterns in gold futures prices could be utilized to hedge against the same behavior in the Bitcoin market in the short-term, and vice versa. They also examined whether each could be employed to manage and hedge the overall market and the sector downside risk of the other asset or commodity. The wavelet coherence results indicated a relatively high degree of comovement across the 8- to 16-week frequency band between Bitcoin and gold futures prices for the 2012–2015 time period. Noda (2020) investigated whether the market efficiency of selected cryptocurrencies (Bitcoin and Ethereum) changed over time based on the AMH. He measured the extent of market efficiency by applying a time-varying model that did not have any type of dependency upon sample size, unlike prior studies that utilized common approaches. The empirical findings indicated that (1) the extent of market efficiency fluctuated with time in the markets, (2) the level of Bitcoin’s market efficiency was higher than that of Ethereum over most of the periods, and (3) a market with high market liquidity was evolving. Generally, the findings supported the AMH for the most well-established cryptocurrency market. Tran and Leirvik (2020) applied a method to quantify the level of market efficiency, the so-called adjusted market inefficiency magnitude (AMIM; see Tran and Leirvik 2019). They showed that the level of market efficiency in the five largest cryptocurrencies was highly time-varying. Their study noted two reasons for this phenomenon. First, by applying a longer sample than previous studies and, second, by implementing a robust measure of efficiency, they were able to determine directly whether the efficiency was significant. They concluded that Litecoin was the most efficient cryptocurrency, and Ripple was the least efficient one. Tripathi et al.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Some assert that brain implants could enhance intelligence beyond natural limits. [SEP] Text: Cette situation rend le sentiment identitaire très instable, et sujet à de grandes variations (certains amputés sont ainsi très à l’aise avec leur corps lorsqu’ils portent leur prothèse, assumant totalement leur condition et n’hésitant pas à l’exhiber au grand jour, mais sont pourtant incapables de se montrer en public ou même de se regarder dans une glace lorsqu’ils ne la portent pas, car la douleur de leur corps mutilé redevient à ce moment une évidence à leurs yeux). Enfin, le dernier point relève du fait qu’elles sont difficilement compatibles avec le moignon. Elles sont souvent source de gêne et de douleurs, quand bien même elles sont parfaitement ajustées par les prothésistes (une prothèse est systématiquement faite sur-mesure, et est créée de sorte à s’accorder à l’anatomie du patient de façon optimale), car leur usage n’est pas anodin, il fatigue et abime le moignon, qui – en plus d’être une partie du corps particulièrement fragile – n’est pas fait pour supporter une utilisation trop intensive d’un tel objet. Son bon fonctionnement est bien souvent le fruit d’un effort (en plus de nécessiter un apprentissage long et intense), et même la meilleure prothèse est soumise à des limites, précisément parce qu’elle n’est pas le corps, elle en est une annexe mécanique imposée. Cependant, malgré tous les inconvénients liés à sa nature, ses bénéfices sont inestimables.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Gene editing in plants can improve crop resistance to pests and diseases. [SEP] Text: Putative transformed adventitious microshoots was elongated on medium containing 0. 5 mg L-1 2iP after one month (Fig. 4a) and started to forming root using MS liquid medium supplemented with 100 mg L-1 myo-inositol, 30 g L-1 sucrose, 2. 0 mg L-1 IBA and 0. 5 mg L-1 NAA and 162 mg L-1 phloroglucinol at 26±2°C in complete dark for one week and then transferred into light condition for three weeks (Fig. 4 b-C). Acclimation protocol was successfully achieved highest percentage of survival transgenic peach plants (91%) as described by Soliman (2013) (Fig. 4d). Recently study proposed that the ability of explants from woody fruit species to regenerate shoots and efficiency protocols for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation remains a major impediment to genetic modification and gene editing technologies (Song et al. 2019; Orbović 2019). PCR detection of transformed peach plants Transformed peach plants were screened for the presence of the cry1Ab gene using PCR analysis with cry1Ab gene specific primers. The expected 2035 bp cry1Ab fragment was amplified only from genomic DNA isolated from the kanamycin resistant peach plants compared to non-transformed peach plants. The PCR has the potential to become a widespread tool to confirm the presence of a foreign gene such as Vis1 in tomato (Metwali et al. 2015), GmbZIP2 in soybean (Yang et al. 2020) and PpMYB10. 1 in peach (Xu et al. 2020) in transgenic plant tissues. In the current study out of 60 plants examined from kanamycin resistant peach regenerated plants only 17 gave positive results. This indicated the success of the process of transferring the cry1Ab gene through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method with the rate of 28% as putative transgenic peach plants (Fig. 5). That rate of obtaining genetically modified plants is not constant and varies, and that may be due to a difference in type of explants, culture condition, PGR, genotypes, agrobacterium strain and plasmid type (Aisley et al. 2001; Wang et al. 2015). For peach, internodes (56. 8%), cotyledons (52. 7%), and embryonic axes (46.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The value of all cryptocurrencies is stable and unaffected by market changes. [SEP] Text: (2020) investigated the AMH for 21 major global market indices for 1998–2018. They employed quantile-regression methodology to scrutinize the market efficiency of 16 financial markets. The findings showed that the returns in higher quantiles were negatively autocorrelated, and those in lower quantiles were positively autocorrelated. In general, market efficiency seemed to be time-varying and conditioned to the state of the market. Moreover, the analysis suggested significant evidence supporting the AMH for a considerable number of financial markets. Varghese and Madhavan (2020) investigated the long memory dynamics in crude oil markets from an AMH perspective. In doing so, they selected the three benchmark crude oils, namely, WTI, Brent, and Dubai crude prices, for a rolling Hurst exponent analysis. Their findings showed the WTI market to be the most efficient, followed by the Brent and Dubai markets. Furthermore, by applying an extensive dataset of more than 36 years, they realized crude oil markets to be efficient most of the time and to be interposed only with transitory and short-lived periods of market inefficiency. This study’s main contributions are as follows: First, we tested the AMH on benchmark cryptocurrencies and gold and WTI crude oil to analyze the return predictability of the data by employing well-known linear and nonlinear statistical techniques. These techniques could distinguish any time-varying serial dependence in the conditional mean, support an unidentified form of conditional heteroskedasticity, and confirm the fluctuating conduct of efficiency. Second, we implemented a "rolling sample" approach with different window lengths of time instead of an appointed event approach (which is usually faced with criticism). The remainder of this study is organized as follows: “Methodology” section cites the methodology of the study. “Data and summary statistics” section shows the data and relevant descriptive analysis. The analysis of the research results is given in “Analysis of the empirical results” section, and finally, “Conclusion” section concludes the study. MethodologyThe generalized spectral testThe GS test (Escanciano and Velasco 2006) is a nonparametric test used to detect the presence of linear and nonlinear dependencies in a stationary time series.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Some assert that brain implants could enhance intelligence beyond natural limits. [SEP] Text: Elle permet au sujet appareillé de retrouver ce qui lui manquait : sa motricité (mais aussi ses fonctions sensorielles ou organiques dans le cas des prothèses auditives, visuelles, cardiaques, etc. ) et la totalité de ses frontières. Car même une prothèse non-fonctionnelle offre déjà un mieux-être à la personne qui en bénéficie. Les prothèses externes esthétiques en sont l’exemple-même. Prescrites dans la majorité des cas d’amputation du membre supérieur (les prothèses fonctionnelles de bras sont plutôt rares, la plupart des amputés préférant se servir de leur moignon pour les tâches quotidiennes – en tout cas, lorsque cela s’avère possible –, et ne se tournant vers la prothétique que dans un but de recouvrement esthétique de leur membre perdu), elles permettent au corps mutilé de retrouver une apparence « normale », c’est-à-dire complète. Et ce bienfait ne doit en aucun cas être sous-estimé. Car les frontières du corps sont également des frontières visibles, et grâce à ces prothèses le territoire endommagé retrouve une configuration proche de son état initial. Ainsi, si elle ne s’intègre pas toujours fonctionnellement, la prothèse peut au moins s’intégrer visuellement dans l’ensemble du paysage corporel, et rendre à celui-ci son intégrité aux yeux des observateurs extérieurs.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Gene editing in plants can improve crop resistance to pests and diseases. [SEP] Text: 7%) had the highest transformation rates where hypocotyl was less competent for transformation (Padilla et al. 2006). Also, previous study indicated the efficiency of TDZ comparing to other PGR to enhance agrobacterium-mediated transformation in Petunia hybrid, it shortened the duration of intermodal bud regeneration, in addition to reducing the somaclonal variations in most of the regenerated buds (Thirukkumaran et al. 2009). RT-PCR and Northern blot analysis Seven randomly selected putative transgenic peach plants were used for RT-PCR analysis to confirm cry1Ab gene expression at transcript level. All seven transgenic plants showed the expected 1845 bp amplified fragment in RT-PCR with cry1Ab gene specific primers compared to non-transgenic peach plant (Fig. 6 a). Also, the results were showed that 190bp intron is removed by RNA splicing and gave 1845 bp amplified fragment in RT-PCR. Also, accumulation of mRNA for the introduced cry1Ab was determined in putative transgenic of peach plants using Northern blot analysis. The presence of a single 1845 bp band obtained after splicing of a 190 bp intron from the cry1Ab gene showed higher level of gene expression at the transcriptional level compared to non transgenic peach plants (Fig. 6 b). Cry1Ab protein detection in transgenic peach plants The expression of Cry1Ab protein was assayed in the peach (Prunus persica L. ) plants of PCR-positive transgenic plants via immune-strip test and insect bioassays. Immune-Strips assay Immune-Strips showed the band related to Cry1Ab protein in the peach transgenic plants. The control band appeared in transgenic and nontransgenic plants, but Cry1Ab protein bands just appeared in transgenic peach plant, but not appeared in the of non-transgenic peach plants (Fig. 7). The results indicated that high gene expression of Cry1Ab protein in transgenic peach plants. Insect bioassay Insect bioassay of transformed peach (Prunus persica L. ) plants with the Synanthedon exitiosa (peachtree borer) larvae’s was performed and the mortality was recorded every 24 hours for four days. Table 3 shows the mortality percentage of Cry1Ab toxin expressed in transgenic plants against Synanthedon exitiosa.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The value of all cryptocurrencies is stable and unaffected by market changes. [SEP] Text: Second, we could compare the data and analyze market efficiency based on the two different methods (linear and nonlinear) mentioned in the study. Table 3 The number of observations that reject the null hypothesis for the corresponding test statisticFull size tableAccordingly, the following figures show each of the variables' behaviors in terms of market efficiency. Figure 1 expresses the variation in the number of observations,Footnote 3 and the results showed the market's inefficiency. As the figure reveals, some data, such as Bitcoin, Ripple, and WTI, moved along with the increasing window length toward an improved market efficiency situation. This phenomenon was evident in Bitcoin. For the other data (including Ethereum and gold), we found a declining trend in market efficiency, which was specifically noticeable as the study's time window increased from 100 to 150 days. Fig. 1Analyzing the behavior of market efficiency by AQ tests statistics at 5 percent significant levelFull size imageAs shown in Fig. 2, we examined the market's behavior at a 10% significance level. A review of the results in this case compared with the previous cases suggested that the gold and the Ethereum market conditions still deviated from the efficient state. This phenomenon was remarkable regarding the gold returns, whereas the market efficiency of Ethereum changed slowly with increasing window length. Bitcoin's behavior as the window length increased from 100 to 150 days indicated that the market was moving from the efficient condition, as this momentum decreased. Fig. 2Analyzing the behavior of market efficiency by AQ tests statistics at 10 percent significant levelFull size imageThe results shown in Fig. 3 refer to the number of observations that rejected the GS test's null hypothesis at a significance level of 5%. As can be understood from the plots, the results’ examination suggested that by increasing the time window length from 50 to 150 days, the market moved toward an inefficient condition (except for WTI). market took a more evident form. The number of observations that rejected the null hypothesis of the GS test increased from 89 in the 100-day window to 164 in 150-day mode; however, for three other data sets (i. e. , gold, Ripple, and Bitcoin), the changing pace among the various periods was small. Fig. 3Analyzing the behavior of market efficiency by GS tests statistics at 5 percent significant levelFull size imageFigure 4 illustrates the GS test's relevant results at a significance level of 10%.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Some assert that brain implants could enhance intelligence beyond natural limits. [SEP] Text: Il est toutefois à noter que de façon générale, et quel que soit le type de prothèse dont on parle, l’intégration n’est jamais aussi efficace que lorsque l’amputé accepte de lui-même sa prothèse (à travers les bénéfices qu’elle lui procure) au sein de son corps et de sa vie. C’est parce que le sujet lui-même lui autorise l’accès à son territoire corporel qu’elle en devient réellement un membre à part entière. Dépasser les frontières initiales du corps Au-delà de cette visée de réparation et de restauration des frontières corporelles, de nouveaux usages prothétiques se mettent actuellement en place, répondant à une visée non plus thérapeutique, mais plutôt ludique, artistiques ou politique. Ces usages répondent à une évolution récente des approches et conceptions du corps. La vision occidentale du corps a en effet radicalement changé avec la montée en puissance de la science et de la technologie dans notre environnement (Le Breton, 1999). Et c’est dans ce cadre qu’émergent de nouvelles pratiques de modifications corporelles et des prothèses utilisées dans une perspective ludique et avec l’ambition d’augmenter les capacités corporelles. Face aux différentes façons de transformer le corps afin de le conformer à certains modèles admis (comme c’est le cas pour la chirurgie plastique et ses nombreuses prothèses esthétiques) ou à des fins réparatrices, de nouveaux usages du corps apparaissent.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Gene editing in plants can improve crop resistance to pests and diseases. [SEP] Text: The results indicated that the LC50 value from Cry1Ab toxin protein from transformed peach plants were 300 ppm against the Synanthedon exitiosa larvae’s. The mortality percentage of Cry1Ab toxin expressed in transgenic peach plants against Synanthedon exitiosa was 100% with 1000 ppm compared to the other treatments; as they reached 30, 50, 60 and 80 % with 200, 400, 600 and 800 ppm from Cry1Ab toxin protein, respectively (Fig. 8). This data showed the high expression of cry1Ab gene in the transformed peach plant. In constructing plant expression vector pBI121-cry1Ab, the coding sequence of synthetic cry1Ab was fused to CaMV35S promoter and the polyadenylation signal of the octopine synthase gene as described by Soliman et al. (2017). The combination of 35S promoter and the castor bean catalase-1 intron has previously been demonstrated to confer high-level expression of foreign genes in transgenic plants (Tanaka et al. , 1990). The stable integration of the cry1Ab gene, presence or absence of specific transcript and accumulation of mRNA was assured in plants using the RT-PCR and Southern blot analysis (Salehian et al. 2021). The copy number determination of transgenes in transgenic plants is important due to the effect of the copy number on the gene expression level and genetic stability. In our study highest gene expression of Cry1Ab protein in transgenic peach plants level was detected, however, this high rate is not necessarily expected in other experiments, as Ramirez-Romero et al. (2008) indicated that the Variability and significant differences of Cry1Ab levels seems to occur related with the type of plant tissue, development stage and physiological conditions of transgenic plants. Our results in this study indicated the importance of Northern plot and Immune-Strips as of molecular analyzes to confirm the stability of crystal protein gene into transgenic peach genome. This result is in agreement with (Chen and Wu 2012). In our experiment a positive correlation between pest resistance and the mortality percentage of Cry1Ab toxin was detected. Kumar et al. (2010) showed that bioassay method and mortality were effective in identifying lines with intermediate to significant resistance against pest attack used. The interest in producing GMO from peaches cloning with Cry1Ab gene is an important scientific development, where Rahnama et al.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The value of all cryptocurrencies is stable and unaffected by market changes. [SEP] Text: The behavior of the market varied over two different periods (50–100 and 100–150 days) and pertained to two series of data (gold and Bitcoin). Therefore, in the period from 50 to 100 days, we found the related market distances from the efficient condition. With an increase in the time window from 100 to 150 days, however, the situation slightly improved. Ethereum, in this case, as before, also encountered a reduction in its market efficiency. Fig. 4Analyzing the behavior of market efficiency by GS tests statistics at 10 percent significant levelFull size imageAnalysis of the evolving behavior of market efficiencyThis section evaluated the study results based on the two different methods (AQ and GS test statistics). The results were investigated in various time windows (50–150 days) to measure the degree of conformity of these results with the AMH. Additionally, by comparing the results of each study's data, we can better understand the relevance of the relationship between markets and their alignment. The evolutionary behavior of the data with respect to market efficiency and in different periods has been studied based on this idea. We first analyzed the results based on the AQ method. Evaluation of the results based on the AQ methodBitcoinFigures 5, 6 and 7 examine the changing p values over the three different periods. As shown in Fig. 5, the market efficiency of Bitcoin was evolving (over the 50-day window), and by looking carefully at the initial and the last observations, this phenomenon was noticeably visible. In previous observations, we detected that the level of market inefficiency was significant. Fig. 5The evolving p values of AQ test statistic checked for the Bitcoin (BTC) in 50-day window lengthFull size imageFig. 6The evolving p values of the AQ test statistic checked for the Bitcoin (BTC) in 100-day window lengthFull size imageFig. 7The evolving p values of the AQ test statistic checked for Bitcoin (BTC) in 150-day window lengthFull size imageEthereumThe evolutionary behavior of the market efficiency of Ethereum was visible. As shown in Fig. 8, the market experienced an oscillatory trend in terms of efficiency (inefficiency), and this iterative trend was visible in all observations. In 100- and 150-day intervals (Figs. 9, 10), this trend was apparent in the last observations, and as shown in Fig. 10, the market remained inefficient within the 150-day window. Fig.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Some assert that brain implants could enhance intelligence beyond natural limits. [SEP] Text: Ils s’inscrivent dans une démarche volontaire et expérimentale ayant pour conséquence la création de nouveaux dispositifs qui peuvent être ajoutés au corps. Ces nouvelles formes de modification corporelle s’appuient sur le déploiement de nouvelles technologies très avancées, notamment la biomédecine, et modèlent une vision futuriste du corps technologiquement transformé, vision déjà au cœur des productions culturelles contemporaines cyberpunk. Il existe à ce jour un grand nombre d’artistes dont la posture vis-à-vis des composants technologiques externes – ou d’interaction – semble particulièrement significative dans le cadre de l’exploration des possibilités inédites du corps. L’artiste Stelarc par exemple, basé en Australie, intègre des thèmes liés à l’interface homme-machine dans ses œuvres. Un de ses travaux les plus représentatifs, intitulé « Ear on Arm », implique l’ingénierie d’une prothèse souple constituée en partie de sa propre peau, ayant le format d’une oreille, et dans laquelle il a installé un microphone miniature avant de la fixer chirurgicalement sur son avant-bras, afin de pouvoir « entendre par le bras ». L’un de ses autres projets liés à l’augmentation du corps fut la création d’une main humaine mécanique – et fonctionnelle – qui a été attachée à son bras droit (projet intitulé « »).

Output: pass