Input: Claim: The detection of gases like methane on exoplanets is often seen as strong evidence of life. [SEP] Text: Nevertheless, these findings should be taken with caution because allowing for revisits would further increase the predicted planet yield by a significant fraction (see Sect. 4. 2). Furthermore, the average yield with 2 m mirrors is approximately the same as the case with 1σ lower bounds with 3. 5 m mirrors and would probably be at the lower limit of what could be considered a statistically meaningful sample. This is because with a sample of about 10 potentially habitable planets, the habitability fraction of the (which is defined as the fraction of HZ planets that are actually habitable, and is 50%) could be rejected with a significance of ~3σ in case of a null result (Quanz et al. 2021). Finally, while several potentially habitable planets could be detected with 1m mirrors, a statistically meaningful assessment of the habitability fraction would likely be impossible. Our parameter study also reveals the impact of the interferometric baseline length optimization scheme and the median exozodiacal dust level on the predicted planet yield. Figure 4 shows that while the former has virtually no impact on the planet yield, the latter has a small but noticeable impact that increases with increasing mirror size. This is because with larger mirrors, exoplanetary systems at greater distances can be observed, whose the exozodiacal light is brighter than that of the planets. The uncertainties on the exozodiacal dust levels are still large, therefore it is encouraging to see that LIFE would only be weakly affected by a rather pessimistic distribution of this inevitable source of noise. We note that LIFEsim currently assumes a perfect background (and therefore exozodiacal light) subtraction down to the photon noise limit. While this might be an overly optimistic assumption for reflected-light missions, where exozodiacal dust disks will appear highly asymmetric due to the different forward and backward scattering cross-sections of the dust (e. g. , Stark et al. 2014b), subtraction of the exozodiacal dust disk should be more easy in the thermal infrared, where the near and far side of the disk will appear more symmetric. Nevertheless, potential substructure or disk offsets would also lead to additional disk flux leaking through the interferometric modulation map, although Defrère et al. (2010) found that this should not be an issue for disks with exozodi levels smaller than 50 zodi and offsets smaller than 0. 5 au. Fig. 4Predicted planet yield for the sample of Sun-like stars.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Excessive sugar consumption is linked to a higher risk of metabolic diseases. [SEP] Text: Recommendations for advocacy efforts A message that free sugar consumption is causative for NCDs should be comprehensively conveyed through health warning, communications of the ministry of health, and various other modes Public awareness needs to be generated on the threshold levels of sugar consumption which associated with a healthy life (5% of total energy intake)[8] Mothers need to be educated about the dangers of sugar consumption Schoolchildren need to be the primary target group for activities aimed at reducing sugars intake, with programs that promote fruit intake and those which discourage sale of high sugars foods and drinks in the stores around schools and in school canteens. [910] Policy recommendations The 28% additional cess on carbonated drinks, a part of the GST launched in 2017, should include specific taxation on high-sugar food products[910] Deliberations for nutrition labeling with explicit mention of the amount of free/added sugars as a health warning must be furthered A comprehensive food industry, policy-making, and academia interaction need to be promoted A policy on industrial marketing and reformulation of foods needs to be chalked out. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest. humbly acknowledge the contribution of all the speakers of this event as well as the participants from various institutions across the country. 1. Organization. . Report on Organization. 2014 2. Gulati S, Misra A. Sugar intake, obesity, and diabetes in India Nutrients. 2014;6:5955–74 | 3. ção MC, et al Sugar consumption and changes in dental caries from childhood to adolescence J Dent Res. 2016;95:388–94 | PubMed | CrossRef | 4. Moynihan P. Sugars and dental caries: Evidence for setting a recommended threshold for intake Adv Nutr. 2016;7:149–56 | 5. . The role of sucrose in cariogenic dental biofilm formation – New insight J Dent Res. 2006;85:878–87 | PubMed | 6. . Effect on caries of restricting sugars intake: Systematic review to inform WHO guidelines J Dent Res. 2014;93:8–18 | PubMed | CrossRef | 7. healthy teeth behaviour change programme for preventing dental caries in primary school children: Study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial Trials. 2016;17:103 | 8. . Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Recycled fabrics can replace every type of material used in fashion. [SEP] Text: However, for the Teflon® treated fabrics more mass of hot liquid will flow along the surface running off the fabric. With increasing layers of fabric, less liquid penetrated the entire system as well as less conductive heat transferred to the sensors, increasing the time to predicted burn injury and reducing the amount of energy absorbed. The thickness of the 3-layered system increased the insulating effect of the fabric. Increasing fabric layers however, has the negative effect of increasing the thermal burden to the wearer as increased thickness is associated with higher thermal insulation and lower evaporative resistance (Kilinc-Balci 2011) and as shown in Fig. 3, decreasing air permeability. With this in mind, fabric layering may still be considered a solution for key areas of the chef’s jacket that require greater protection, such as the arms, particularly the forearms as they have been reported as being the region of high risk of burn injury (Halpin et al. 2008; Islam et al. 2000). ConclusionsThe purpose of this research was to examine whether various selected finishing treatments which may be applied to plain and twill weave fabrics used for chefs’ jackets can offer the potential for protection against scald injuries, as well as examining the impact of layering fabrics. Results showed that the Teflon® finished fabrics which offer combined water and stain repellency had the longest time to predicted skin burn injury and lowest absorbed energy compared with all other fabric finishes. Increasing the numbers of layers of the Teflon® finished fabrics has the greatest potential for providing good protection against scald injuries as much of the water in a hot-water splash runs off the repellent fabric surface. None of the Teflon® treated fabric systems reached the predicted third-degree burn criterion, even as a single layered system, whereas, all other fabric/finishes met the third-degree burn criterion as a single and sometimes double-layered system. Conflicting results were evident for the soil-release finish, which lowered the protective performance in twill weave fabrics, but increased protection in the plain weave fabrics (compared to regular finished fabrics). With the exception of soil-release finishes, the heavier weight twill weave fabric offered longer times to predicted second-degree burn and lower absorbed energy, than the lighter weight plain weave fabrics.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The detection of gases like methane on exoplanets is often seen as strong evidence of life. [SEP] Text: Each of the six panels shows the predicted yield for the three different HZ definitions in different colors (see Sect. 2. 3) as well as for three different scenarios in different shadings: (1) median exozodiacal dust level of 3 zodi and interferometric baseline length optimization for the center of the opt HZ, (2) median exozodiacal dust level of 3 zodi and interferometric baseline length optimization for the center of the con HZ, and (3) median exozodiacal dust level of 12 zodi and interferometric baseline length optimization for the center of the opt HZ. The top row is based on the hab2min and the bottom row is based on the hab2max planet populations (see Sect. 2. 2), while the left, middle, and right columns show the predicted yields for the 1, 2, and 3. 5 m mirrors, respectively. Fig. 5Same as Fig. 4, but for the sample of FGK-type stars. 3. 2 Planet yield of FGK-type stars Whether only Sun-like stars as defined in Bryson et al. (2021) and considered in the previous Sect. 3. 1 or more broadly all FGK-type stars should be considered in a search for potentially habitable planets remains subject to debate, similar to whether M-type stars should also be investigated (e. g. , Scalo et al. 2007; Shields et al. 2016). Quanz et al. (2022) have presented yield predictions for the subset of FGK-type stars within 20 pc from the Sun. For a direct comparison, we also present yield predictions for the same sample of FGK-type stars here. As noted above, the sample of Sun-like stars is a subset of the sample of FGK-type stars. While the underlying planet population in Quanz et al. (2022) is based on the results of the 13 (Kopparapu et al. 2018) and misses part of the HZ around early-type stars, the results presented here are based on the planet population from Bryson et al. (2021), which covers the entire con HZ and opt HZ (see Fig. 3). Hence, the underlying planet occurrence rates in the opt HZ and con HZ are significantly higher here (see Table 3).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: All processed foods are inherently unhealthy. [SEP] Text: While increase in food prices may profit some local farmers, the same occurrence could drive others further into poverty. Given that the population in the current study are predominantly farmers, destruction of their farmlands by galamsey could drive them further into poverty since they cannot cash-in on the increase in food prices due to loss of arable lands. Taken together, our findings in relation to how galamsey has contributed to shortages of staple food sources and increased consumption of processed food provide an important point for reflection. Current public health literature shows that processed foods are linked with increased risk of unhealthy diets and non-communicable diseases. In low-income settings, including Ghana, much of the literature link behaviours associated with consumption of processed foods to urban settings, and to some extent, to affluence or high socio-economic status [31]. It is therefore interesting to observe that a shift in livelihoods in a largely rural setting could also contribute to increased propensity to consume processed foods. Thus, our findings here suggest that lack of food security in rural contexts, affected by galamsey, could drive community members towards increased consumption of processed food. Given the adverse health consequences of both food/ nutrition insecurity and increased consumption of processed foods, it is important that public and policy discussions around minimising the effects of galamsey in Ghana should include considerations about food and nutrition insecurity in communities heavily impacted by galamsey. Finally, the use of photovoice in this study was empowering to participants as it enabled them to throw light on a wide range of factors that have potential links across environmental pollution, agriculture, food value chains, and human health. As reported in other photovoice studies and in the exhibition linked to the study, it allowed participants to tell stories that they have not been able to voice from their own perspective. It was also interesting to see how within the same setting, participants were able to identify diverse issues of interest to them. This said, our findings should be interpreted with certain limitations in mind. As is the case with all qualitative studies, we acknowledge the limitations of the non-random sampling approach we used. For example, it excluded people with disabilities that prevented them from operating a digital camera. Also, our study covered only 36 participants spread across five communities within one district. While this sample size was adequate to permit in-depth exploration of the issues, we acknowledge the limitations of generalizing our results.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Recycled fabrics can replace every type of material used in fashion. [SEP] Text: into abrasion resistance of dyed fabrics made of recycled and standard cotton fibres Submit manuscript. . . Journal of eISSN: 2574-8114 & Research 26. DOI: 10. 15406/jteft. 2017. 01. 00006 of textiles and fashion has been paid attention in recent years. Till now recycling of unwanted clothing into new source of textile materials is one that isn’t being explored as intensively as other areas. This research brings to light the valuable source of recycled cotton fibers and to explore ways in which consumers can be made more aware of thesis garments. Fabrics from pairs of jeans, one made of standard cotton fiber and the other made of combination of standard and recycled cotton have been studied. Their abrasion resistance property has been investigated and comparisons were made to identify the quality of the recycled cotton fibers as sustainable alternative to standard cotton fibers. Keywords: recycled jean, property comparison, abrasion resistance Abbreviations BS, british standard; EN, european norm; ISO, international organization for standardization is defined as the material properties being reused. 1 The advantage of using recycled materials is that the benefits can be felt rapidly2 as material choices can be easily integrated into the manufacturing process. Recycling reduces the amount of landfill space being taken up. With 31% of textiles in the UK going to landfill and 5% of all landfill space in America being taken up by textiles, the majority of which could be reused or recycled,3 a raised awareness over fashion being made from recycled products could greatly reduce the amount of space and pollution caused. If more textile items are recycled then the drain on virgin resources can be reduced along with the amount of pollution and energy caused from creating these resources. 87% of water used in the whole manufacturing process is used just on the raw materials, with 1kg of cotton needing between 7,000 and 29,000liters of water4 and a cotton t-shirt is estimated to produce 2. 1kg of greenhouse gas during its production. 3 There is 2 billion US dollar worth of chemicals used on cotton crops. 2 This result, not just in pollution of the environment, but also it damaged the health of cotton farmers who have reported health issues due to overexposure to pesticides.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The detection of gases like methane on exoplanets is often seen as strong evidence of life. [SEP] Text: Figure 5 shows the predicted planet yield for the sample of FGK-type stars, similar to Fig. 4 for the sample of Sun-like stars. While the predicted yield is similar to that in Quanz et al. (2022) for EECs and slightly higher for planets within the opt HZ with the hab2min planet population, there is a significant increase in predicted yield among all potentially habitable planet types with the hab2max planet population. This increase in predicted yield is roughly consistent with the increase in the underlying planet occurrence rates between Quanz et al. (2022) and this work, that is, ~100% with the hab2min and ~200% with the hab2max planet population, respectively. The numbers shown in Table 3 slightly overestimate the increase in predicted yield because the underlying planet occurrence rates in Quanz et al. (2022) are given for a Sun-like star, while the sample of FGK-type stars contains significantly more later-type stars (see Fig. 1). For these later-type stars, the underlying planet occurrence rates in Quanz et al. (2022) cover a larger fraction of the con HZ and opt HZ, so that the difference to the planet occurrence rates used in this work shrinks. However, the most important finding is that if LIFE would target all FGK-type stars within 20 pc (and not just the Sun-like stars), then the mission would approach its goal of detecting 50 potentially habitable planets with 3. 5 m mirrors even in an average scenario, and would still be able to reach its requirement of detecting 30 potentially habitable planets with smaller mirrors somewhere between 2 and 3. 5 m in size. We note that we study the dependence of the predicted planet yield on the mirror size in more detail in Sect. 4. 1. Table 3Comparison of the underlying planet occurrence rates for a Sun-like star in Quanz et al. (2022) and the average of the FGK-type sample in this work. Fig. 6Observed stars as a function of the distance for the sample of Sun-like stars.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Online education has made learning more accessible to people in remote areas. [SEP] Text: Keywords WAP; PDAs; E-learning; M-learning First, the Definition of Word mobile in language dictionaries means (moving any negotiable movement or to move or moving object), and here we can translate the term mobile learning to the following: learning mobile-learning mobile learning altrk-learning-learning through mobile devices (mobile), or hand-held mobile nigeriawap word means mostly objects or mobile devices or mobile devices. Since a few years ago and specifically at the beginning of the twentieth century and atheist, was used in western countries, a new term in the field of education dubbed in english or mobile learning mlearning or m-learning, and the french-language lemobilelearning or lem-learning. Mobile learning can be defined as the use of hand-small and portable wireless devices such as mobile phones mobile phones, personal digital assistants pdas, smartphones and smart phones, personal computers and small tablet PCs, to achieve the flexibility and interactivity [1]. Mobile learning, which is sometimes called m-learning, is learning that is using small portable devices small/portable computing devices these include computing devices: smartphones smart phones, personal digital assistants (pdas), and handheld devices. The researcher believes that learning mobile, is a novelty depends on the use of wireless devices in the communication between teachers and learners, websites, and through its services, of both: msm (text messaging), mms (multimedia), wap (wap), smn (messages msn-hotmail-msn-messenger), gprs (instant firmly radio), blth (Bluetooth). Second, Aspects of Mobile Learning, According to The use of mobile devices in education led to the creation of some researchers to develop theories of learning appropriate to learn the modern mobile phone, for example, he offered a theory sharples «efficiency» which stands out as a conversation and mobile learning kfalah, even suit mobile learning, in four aspects: Mobile learning is learning happens when technological tools mediates between the learner and knowledge. Mobile learning using mobile technology. Mobile learning e-learning as a continuation of e-learning. Mobile learning as learning about the learner-centered: where the learner is mobile and not necessarily technology.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Recycled fabrics can replace every type of material used in fashion. [SEP] Text: Even the most energy concentrated form of synthetic fibre recycling uses up to 80% less energy than that manufacturing of the virgin resource, and it is the same significant savings for traditional recycling methods. 2 Denim jeans are normally hard wearing trousers traditionally made from cotton, with more modern versions using other fibres such as polyester and elastane, in twill weave structure. The garment that was once used for work wear5 is now a staple garment in the majority of the population’s wardrobes. According to a Mintel report taken in 2010, adults purchase jeans in the UK remains at 51%, with an estimated £1billion being spent on jeans in 2010 alone. The average adult owns 4pairs of jeans, however 22% own between 5 and 7pairs. This is mainly woman under 35years of age; they are also more likely to be the ones who purchase a new pair depending on changing trends. Although 78% of customers, mainly woman and customers between the ages of 45-54, wear jeans until they are no longer wearable. 6 With the high amount of jeans being purchase just within the UK it is clear to see that they would have a large impact on the environment, especially due to the cotton that is used for making them, it takes 1. 5pounds of cotton to produce one pair of jeans. 7 However, and this is just the start of their carbon footprint. The classic Levi 501 jeans takes 32. 3kg of CO2, 3480. 5litres of water and 400. 1mJ of energy to produce, this is the equivalent of driving 78 miles, taking 7 minutes showers 53 times and powering a computer for 556 hours. 8 The water impact is the most noted issue with denim jean production; however they actually manufacturing process takes very little, only 6%, whereas the water used in the field equals 49% of water used in jeans manufacturing and the other 45% is with consumers. 9 Considering that out of the 2 billion pairs produced annually10 97% ends up in the incinerator or landfill every year,4 all of these resources being used is careless and almost needless. There is limited information available on the quality of recycled fibres, especially natural fibres such as cotton. However, it is known that the recycling process for cotton results in a shorter fibres being produced. There are two different forms of waste used in recycled - pre-consumer and post-consumer.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The detection of gases like methane on exoplanets is often seen as strong evidence of life. [SEP] Text: Each of the six panels shows the total number of stars in gray and the number of observed stars for two different scenarios: (1) median exozodiacal dust level of 3 zodi and interferometric baseline length optimization for the center of the opt HZ in dark orange, and (2) the same, but with a median exozodiacal dust level of 12 zodi in light orange. The top row is based on the hab2min and the bottom row is based on the hab2max planet populations (see Sect. 2. 2), while the left, middle, and right columns show the predicted yields for 1, 2, and 3. 5 m mirrors, respectively. 3. 3 Optimization of the observing sequence Each of the different scenarios considered in our parameter study has its own optimized observing sequence of host stars from our stellar sample. Figure 6 shows the distance distribution of Sunlike stars from our stellar sample in gray and the number of stars that is actually observed in the scenarios with a median exozodiacal dust level of 3 and 12 zodi in dark and light orange, respectively. Based on the previous findings, we only considered scenarios with the interferometric baseline length optimization for the center of the opt HZ here because the predicted yield is largely independent of this parameter. With 1 m mirrors, only stars within ~12 pc are observed. With 2 m mirrors, the distance limit increases to ~20 pc and with 3. 5 m mirrors, the optimized observing sequence appears to be distance limited (because our stellar sample only contains stars out to 20 pc). It is likely that with a larger stellar sample, the predicted yield would further increase because there would be some more distant stars with a higher probability of detecting a planet that could be observed. For reference, the same plot for FGK-type stars is shown in Fig. B. 1. The main difference is that with 3. 5 m mirrors, the observing sequence is not distance limited as strongly as for the Sun-like stars because for the FGK-type stars, more stars in the 12–20 pc regime can be observed. Studying the number of observed stars as a function of the distance reveals three findings. The two intuitive ones are that if planets are more frequent or if the median exozodiacal dust level is higher, fewer stars are observed.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Online education has made learning more accessible to people in remote areas. [SEP] Text: Third, Some of the on of education experience At the initiative of the department of education to activate the use of mobile learning (mobile learning) the administrator has enabled learning property via short text messages via the site launched it (www. studytxt. com) so that the student sends a message to a mobile number location service asking some basic information about a specific piece of information, that service has been wildly popular among schools and students in new zealand, and proven to be effective in a number of educational scenarios [2]. Examples of the experience First example: Teachers do a job is a summary of the most important ten words studied by students during the week in the 171. 2) kilobits per second, access to a greater range of information available from the WAP service at a lower cost and with less effort [5]. This service differs from the WAP service, where the subscriber can in GPRS technology to take advantage of the application or WAP service but the WAP service through the technology of GPRS will bring to the joint where the top speed to browse information quickly compare the current service provided via the mobile network, which does not exceed the data transfer from which (speed 9. 6 KB) Bluetooth service «the Technology is one of the communication technologies across the radio waves and the Protocol on Communications, designed to connect the different devices in a manner new method relies on wireless rather than wired connectivity, and covers Bluetooth geographical area stretching from one meter to the cent meters, and it depends on the nature of the sender and the receiver device, where Bluetooth devices on the system under cover band from each other contact, so it does not require the presence of devices in a single row or a single line, but can the hardware be found in different rooms, but must be Bluetooth signal strong to cover this space. Bluetooth is used in several applications, including the creation of a small computer network between computers in a small geographical area, and as a means of introduction of a computer such as a mouse or the keyboard where it is dispensed with wire, and a means output of the computer such as printers where they are dispensing with wiring, as well as a way to transfer files and information between devices via the transfer elements system. Fifth, the of Learning in Teaching and Learning • Facilitate the tasks of teachers, it is a help learning tools learning for students.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Recycled fabrics can replace every type of material used in fashion. [SEP] Text: Within pre-consumer waste are two sub categories - re-workable or non-reworkable. Reworkable waste is the waste that can be put straight back into spinning from areas such as carding, combing and drawing for example. Non-reworkable must be treated before it can be respun and comes from areas such as fabric processing and post-consumer waste. 11 Virgin fibres are combined with the waste fibres to make the spinning processes can be easier and to improve the quality of the yarn; however the waste material must be of an adequate standard to produce yarn with as little virgin fibres as possible. 11Textile waste can be blended up to 20% with virgin cotton fibres with no difference in the yarn quality. 12 A study was conducted comparing socks containing reclaimed cotton fibres and virgin polyester fibres against socks containing 100% virgin cotton fibres which tested density parameters, mass and thickness as well as air permeability, bursting strength and abrasion resistance. The study uses socks that contain elastane and those that don’t as well as 3 different stitch lengths. It was found that the air permeability of the reclaimed fibres socks was always lower than those made from virgin fibres. Whereas the pilling tendencies of the reclaimed fibre socks had a tendency to be higher than those containing virgin fibres although the pilling grade overlaps from the reclaimed fibre socks to virgin fibres socks. For example, with socks containing elastane with a short stitch length the reclaimed fibre socks had a pilling grade of 2 whilst the virgin fibre had a grade of 2-3. This is down to the reclaimed polyester being used, which increased the abrasion resistance. Overall, the bursting strength of the virgin fibre socks is higher except in the case of the reclaimed socks containing elastane with medium and long stitch lengths, which have a higher bursting strength. The author of the study states that the adequate burst strengths allow reclaimed yarns to be used for sock production. 11 It is said that consumers are becoming more aware of where their products are being produced and how this has an effect on the environment and people. However, there is a significant gap between consumer’s attitude and their actions.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The detection of gases like methane on exoplanets is often seen as strong evidence of life. [SEP] Text: The first is because if planets are more frequent, it is often a more efficient use of time to remain observing a given star for slightly longer and detect a slightly fainter, but frequently occurring planet and to avoid the time penalty for slewing to another star. The second is because if the median exozodiacal dust level, and therefore the background noise level, is higher, a given star needs to be observed for longer to detect a given planet. The third and less intuitive finding is that with a higher median exozodiacal dust level, the optimizer sometimes prefers to look at more distant stars. This is especially evident in the lower middle panel of Fig. 6, which shows the hab2max planet population observed with 2 m mirrors. This behavior of the optimizer can be explained by the fact that earlier-type stars have a higher planet occurrence rate (see Fig. 2). An increase in the background noise level results in a preference of detecting brighter planets, and because the planet occurrence rate around earlier-type stars is higher, they are also more likely to host a brighter planet near the inner edge of the HZ. Consequently, it can be advantageous in some cases to observe a slightly more distant but earlier-type star. The fact that earlier-type stars have a higher planet occurrence rate also has a strong influence on the left panel of Fig. 7, which shows the average number of detected planets for each observed Sun-like star, sorted by distance, for the hab2max planet population with a median exozodiacal dust level of 3 zodi and observed with 2 m mirrors. We decided to show this plot for the 2 m mirrors, because with 1 m mirrors, the predicted yield is very low, and with 3. 5 m mirrors, the optimized observing sequence appears to be distance limited. The earlier-type stars shown in light red have a significantly higher predicted yield and detection completeness than the later-type stars shown in dark red. Detection completeness is here defined as the ratio of the number of planets that can be detected with LIFE to the number of simulated planets. The higher predicted yield for earlier-type stars can be explained by longer integration times, but the fact that the optimizer prefers to observe these stars for longer is a direct consequence of their higher probability to host planets. The right panel of Fig.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Online education has made learning more accessible to people in remote areas. [SEP] Text: • Students can interact with each other and with the teacher rather than hide behind the big screens, Large Monitors. • Learner can get through which the information is easier and faster than telephone or e-mail conversations, such as lectures appointments or tests tables. • can communicate freely with the teacher at any time, ask questions and receive answers easily, and the exchange of letters between the learners themselves, and between them and the teacher both on educational or social matters. • used at anytime and anywhere in the home or on the train or in hotels. • attracting educated: Young people who have dropped out of education they can enjoy the use of mobile phones, and gaming devices such as Gameboys in learning. • Mobile phones may lead to bridging the digital divide because those devices are less expensive than desktop PCs. • You can use the to obtain information more easily and faster than telephone or e-mail conversations, such as lectures appointments or tests tables, especially with an emergency amendment to these tables. • used as a technique to help learners who have difficulties learning Learning difficulties. Sixth: Learning the Characteristics of Mobile 1. The mobile learning all the time and everywhere: Mobile education M-Learning will take the education process away from any fixed points, respected the wishes of the learner to interact with the various parties to the educational process without having to sit in the classrooms or in front of computer screens, and achieve the participation and cooperation transgressor geographical spacing, physical between the students themselves, and between them and their teachers [6]. 2. Mobile learning allows the learner to communicate rapidly with the international information network: connection in the learning mobile phone wirelessly (via infrared), through service (WAP), and this is anywhere without the obligation to exist in specific places, which makes it easier to access the Internet and browse at any time and any place, and allow GPRS technology for mobile access to the Internet at high speed and the possibility of data and files, storage, retrieval and exchange receiver wirelessly at speeds in the range of 171. 2 kilobits per second, access to a greater range of information available from the WAP service at a lower cost and less effort, and easy to surf the Browsing sites so that you can click directly on the links pen instead of using a mouse. 3.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Recycled fabrics can replace every type of material used in fashion. [SEP] Text: Half of Europeans say they would pay more for a product that was sustainable and 55% of respondents on a green survey say they are more attracted to a company if they are environmentally friendly13 although the market share for sustainable products is a meager 1%. This paper will reports the abrasion property of denim made of mixture of recycled and standard cotton in comparison to denim made of standard cotton. Experiment and method The denim jeans that are being used in this study contain both virgin cotton and recycled cotton fibres. 3 sets of samples were taken from each pair of jeans, with a diameter of 38+/-0. 5mm each. The samples were taken from different parts of the jeans (behind the knee, the hem and the front pocket area) from different parts of the jeans. This was to follow the standard which states that they should contain different weft and warp threads, these were then weighed to determine a starting weight to measure the loss that occurs. The two pairs of jeans were both from the same retailer and contained the same fibre make up (95% cotton, 5% elastane) with the cotton in the recycled denim including 20% recycled cotton and the standard jeans only containing virgin cotton fibres. The fabric specifications are shown in Table 1. This specification table displays the slight difference in the weight of the fabrics, which will in turn slightly affect the results of the data collected and the ability to compare the test results. (Tex) (/cm) (g/cm2) Standard 57. 39 69. 17 30 19 0. 479 Recycled 60. 88 61. 82 32 19 0. 491 Table 1 The samples were left in a condition lab for 24hours to ensure they reached the conditions stated in 139:2005+A1:2011, with a temperature of 20°C and a humidity of 65%. The abrasion test was carried following the British standard 12947- 3:1998, which is the Martindale method for abrasion resistance in fabric for mass loss. The machine used was the Martindale machine and the test intervals used were as stated in the standard, test series up to 25000 rubs. After each series of rubs the samples were removed and weighed to determine the amount of loss that occurred in that cycle.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The detection of gases like methane on exoplanets is often seen as strong evidence of life. [SEP] Text: 7 shows the average number of detected planets normalized by the observing time, which is the quantity that is actually maximized by the optimizer. Unsurprisingly, the distribution is relatively flat beyond the nearest about 5 stars because the optimizer observes an earlier-type star for exactly that much longer than a later-type star until their detection efficiencies (and therefore their planet yields per observing time) equalize. Last, Fig. 7 also highlights that there is a trend to observe a higher fraction of early-type stars with increasing distance. While the detection completeness naturally decreases with distance, this allows keeping the planet yield per observing time on a roughly constant level. Fig. 7Predicted planet yield for each individual star. Left: average number of detected planets for each observed Sun-like star, sorted by distance, for the hab2max planet population with a median exozodiacal dust level of 3 zodi and observed with 2 m mirrors. The spectral type is encoded in color, and the detection completeness is shown as a solid black line on the secondary y-axis. Right: same, but for the average number of detected planets normalized by the observing time in days. 4 Discussion 4. 1 Mission parameter study The results presented in Sect. 3 are all based on the mission parameters shown in Table 2. However, the predicted planet yield strongly depends on many of these parameters, and their assumed values are subject to change based on technology development and funding constraints. To enable trade-off studies and understand how changes in the different mission parameters impact the scientific potential of the LIFE mission, we investigated the predicted planet yield as a function of the mirror diameter, the total throughput, the exozodiacal dust level, and the spectral coverage. Figure 8 shows the predicted planet yield Y as a function of the mirror diameter D and reveals a scaling of approximately Y ∝ D3/2 for the Sun-like stars and slightly weaker for the FGK-type stars. This is a weaker relation than the Y ∝ D1. 97 scaling for single-aperture reflected-light missions found by Stark et al. (2015). The main reason for the weaker scaling is that the resolution of LIFE is controlled by the baselines between the free-flying collector spacecraft and is therefore independent of the mirror diameter D, while in Stark et al.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Online education has made learning more accessible to people in remote areas. [SEP] Text: Exchange files and messages between the learners themselves, and between them and the teacher: Via SMS messages are text messages exchanged As for MMS through, are the files and e-books among the educated exchange, where it can be done via Bluetooth technology or using infrared, and this is not available in the other e-learning styles. 4. The cost of mobile learning is relatively low which is cheap and in circulation: The majority of mobile digital devices enjoy a reduction in cost compared to purchasing desktopPCs desktop computers [7]. Has Saylor, Michael study reported that students in higher education in the nearly 82% of them have mobile phones, and in a similar study reported that about 12% of them have a personal digital devices, even in cases that have been the acquisition of a variety of mobile devices it remained below the cost of standard equipment such as personal computers. 5. Small size of the technology making it easier to navigate the process: Most portable devices as a general rule, such as personal digital devices PDAs or PCs mini mechanism Tablet PC desktops desktop PCs-and mobile phones in particular, bearing the memos and e-books are lighter, smaller and easier to load bags filled with files and books or notebooks as well. 6. Get access to information and educational experience faster than other media: Through the available services in mobile phones especially modern ones, and get access to information and educational experience faster than other media, whether it comes to online services or even an exchange of letters between the learners themselves or between them and the teacher [8]. Justifications for using a mobile phone (mobile learning) in the educational process: • Mobile learning is essential to meet the learning needs. Through mobile phone we can provide educational experiences and materials that meet the needs of each learner and circumstances. • Initiative to acquire knowledge, the existence of the phone in the hands of the learner can have a key role in the speed of his initiative to get that knowledge and information. • Flexibility to support a large number of important activities in learning through mobility and mobility in learning and application settings. • Interactive in the learning process, where the teacher can students received their questions and inquiries by phone. • Access to individuals in any place and at any time, to open the horizons of education for large segments of society may be necessary that the educational system up to it. • commensurate with educational activities, multiplicity of services that can be obtained through the mobile phones had to submit 14.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Recycled fabrics can replace every type of material used in fashion. [SEP] Text: 492g (-0. 002g) 0. 489g (-0. 003g) 0. 485g (-0. 004g) Table 6 Abrasion resistance results of recycled 2 5000Cycles 10,000Cycles 15,000Cycles 25,000Cycles 5000Cycles 10,000Cycles 15,000Cycles 25,0007 Abrasion resistance results of recycled 3 The starting weight for the second sample was 0. 496g, and it had an average loss of 0. 002g per 5000rubs, the same as sample one even though the loss increased gradually with this sample unlike the last one. There appears to be a more obvious ring of wear around the final sample than in the first recycled sample, although it isn’t as wide as the other as in the first sample. The transfer to the abradant fabric is a lot more than in the first sample taken from the recycled denim. The way in which the dye has faded is patchy but like all the samples taken there is no fuzzing or damage to the fabric. The final recycled denim sample had a starting weight of 0. 503g with an average loss of 0. 002g per 5000rubs, which again is like the other recycled denim samples but not with the same consistency as the first sample. This has a slight crease in the fabric much like the standard denim sample 2, which becomes more prominent as the number of rubs increases. Whilst it appears patchy where the dye has faded it isn’t as patchy as the previous two samples and the sample also shows no signs of fuzzing or damage to the fabric. Abrasion resistance comparison All together the recycled denim samples had an average loss of 0. 002g per 5000rubs compared with the average of 0. 003g loss from the standard denim. Since this isn’t a significant difference it is assumed that the recycled fibres are on the same level as the virgin fibres that were used since they haven’t made a considerable difference to how the denim would wear, therefore the worries of durability is unfounded and recycled fibres can be a viable choice for garment in respect to their abrasion resistance. Appearance wise it is difficult to determine which samples had a larger dye and fibre loss, as the recycled denim jeans were little bit darker to begin with than the standard denim. This can be seen in Table 8.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The detection of gases like methane on exoplanets is often seen as strong evidence of life. [SEP] Text: (2015), the resolution of a single-aperture reflected-light telescope scales with λ/D, where λ is the observing wavelength. Moreover, the signal of the spatially resolved sources (mainly exozodiacal and local zodiacal light) does not depend on the mirror size to first order, further weakening the scaling from what would be expected for photon noise-limited point-source observations. Figure 9 shows the same analysis as a function of the total throughput, the exozodiacal dust level, and the spectral coverage (i. e. , the wavelength range that the S/N is integrated over). The mirror size is kept constant at 2 m. For the total throughput T, we find a scaling of approximately Y ∝ T1/2, which agrees well with the theoretical expectation that the signal-to-noise ratio scales roughly with the square root of the observing time (higher throughput is equivalent to longer observing time in our LIFEsim simulations). Moreover, the scaling that we find for the total throughput of LIFE is similar to the Y ∝ T0. 35 scaling found by Stark et al. (2015) for single-aperture reflected-light missions. Based on these scaling relations for the mirror diameter and the total throughput, we derive requirements of either 3 m/5% or 2 m/20% when we focus on Sun-like stars alone and of either 2. 5 m/5% or 2 m/10% when we focus on all FGK-type stars for the LIFE mission to achieve its goal of detecting 30 potentially habitable planets. For the exozodiacal dust level z, we find a weak scaling of approximately Y ∝ z−0. 15, which is again very similar to the Y ∝ z−0. 17 scaling found by Stark et al. (2015) for single-aperture reflected-light missions. Both studies make the optimistic assumption that the exozodiacal light can be subtracted down to the photon noise limit. Nevertheless, given the still large uncertainties in the median exozodiacal dust level even for Sun-like stars (median 3 zodi, 95% confidence upper limit 27 zodi, see Ertel et al.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Video lectures allow students to review material at their own pace. [SEP] Text: -19 PreprintsProtocolsVideosJournalsTools & a 10. 21203/rs. 3. rs-1390199/v1This work is licensed under a CC BY 4. 0 LicenseStatus:PostedVersion 1posted You are reading this latest preprint versionAbstractstudy aimed to investigate medical students’ motivation in relation to asynchronous anatomy video lectures, carried out during COVID-19 remote teaching. cross-sectional modified questionnaire, validated in Brazil, was applied to 255 students attending the first semester of the undergraduate medical course at the José do Rosário Vellano University, in June 2020 and November 2020. The data were analyzed considering the 95% confidence level as significant (p < 0. 05). overall score of motivation attributed by the students was moderate to high (3. 7/5, 74%). The same occurred in relation to all dimensions of the instrument: Interest (3. 6/5, 72%), Confidence (3. 7/5, 74%), Attention (3. 5/5, 70%) and Expectation (3. 7/5, 74%). Cluster analysis showed that 78% (n = 168) of the students had moderate (72% of the maximum score) or high (86% of the maximum score) degrees of motivation. The influence of social isolation on the students’ emotional state did not affect the overall motivation scores (p = 0. 217) or the dimensions of motivation: Interest (p = 0342); Confidence (p = 0. 061); Attention (p = 0. 625) and Expectation (p = 0. 094). students showed high motivation for the asynchronous video lectures of human anatomy. Although the majority of students are highly affected regarding their emotional state, due to the social isolation imposed by the Covid-19 pandemic, this fact did not interfere with the motivation for video lectures, probably due to the high intrinsic motivation that students in the first year have in relation to anatomy. These findings alert to the importance of asynchronous video lectures as an adequate strategy for the teaching and learning of human anatomy.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Recycled fabrics can replace every type of material used in fashion. [SEP] Text: The fading appears more consistent on the standard denim, whereas the recycled denim looks patchy especially in the final two samples. However, the recycled denim looks as though it has faded less than the standard denim. This suggests that the dye has held stronger to the recycled denim but there is a factor that is preventing it from fading as nicely as the standard denim and it can’t be assumed that it is the recycled fibres that are the factor at fault. Whilst this is a small issue, it is one that would need to be explored in further tests. It is also not a serious loss of dye and fibres that it would potentially put off consumers; this again means recycled fibres can be seen as a viable choice for sustainable garments. Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Table 8 Final sample comparison of standard and recycled technology for recycling fibres hasn’t had much research or development done on it; the lack of literature gives an indication to this. Industry needs to work on ways in which natural fibres can be recycled that doesn’t damage them as much and ensuring the fibres are kept longer to increase the durability which in turn would mean more recycled fibres could be used in garments. This could potentially increase the amount of garments being produced containing recycled fibres(Figure 1). Figure 1 Weight loss comparison between standard and recycled Denim. Conclusions, limitations and recommendations As it stands the fashion industry produces more waste than is sustainable, and there are more clothing going to landfill than is necessary. An easy solution to this is through recycling old garments into new. The consumer concern over durability was proven to an extent to be unfounded through lab tests. The abrasion test showed that the recycled denim, whilst slightly weaker, compared well with the standard denim. However, it would be beneficial to perform the test on fabric of the same quality and to perform further tests. It has been suggested that to further increase consumers’ confidence in recycled denim the technology for recycling the old garments needs to be greatly improved for the likes of natural fibres so that more can be used as well as increasing the strength of the fibres. The different weight of the two fabrics caused for the abrasion test was the fact; the recycled fabric was heavier than the other. Also when comparing colour loss it is difficult to see which loses colour and surface fibres quicker because darker denim is more likely to lose dye due to the nature of the dye.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The detection of gases like methane on exoplanets is often seen as strong evidence of life. [SEP] Text: 2020), this analysis illustrates that exozodiacal dust can potentially have a significant impact on the scientific potential of a future exo-Earth imaging space mission, and systems with high levels of exozodiacal dust (≳ 10 zodi) should ideally be avoided a priori. Finally, for the width W of the wavelength range, we find a similarly weak scaling as for the exozodiacal dust level, suggesting that a somewhat reduced wavelength range would be acceptable during the search phase. However, we recall that a smaller wavelength range will also decrease the precision to which the temperature and radius of a planet can already be constrained in the search phase (see Konrad et al. 2022), which might make the selection and prioritization of targets for the characterization phase of the mission more difficult. For completeness, we repeated the same parameter study with the hab2min planet population. The corresponding plots are shown in Fig. C. 1 and reveal overall similar scalings for the dependence on the mirror diameter, the total throughput, and the wavelength range. We note that there are noticeable differences in some cases, especially when the predicted planet yields are low and the curves are rather flat, leading to large uncertainties in the best-fit scaling parameters. However, only for the dependence on the median exozodi level are the scaling parameters between the hab2min and the hab2max cases consistently different, with a weaker scaling being observed with the hab2min planet population. This finding is related to the detectability of Porb > 500 d planets, for which the hab2min and hab2max planet populations differ. Multiple effects such as the dependence of the exozodiacal disk size on the assumed exozodi level and the sensitivity of LIFE as a function of the orbital separation are active, and a more detailed analysis that goes beyond the empirical scaling laws presented here is beyond the scope of this paper. Fig. 8Predicted planet yield for the Sun-like and FGK-type stars as a function of the mirror diameter D from 1 m to 3. 5 m in steps of 0. 25 m. We show from left to right the predicted planet yields for the opt HZ, the con HZ, and the exo-Earth candidates, for the hab2max planet population with a median exozodiacal dust level of 3 zodi.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Video lectures allow students to review material at their own pace. [SEP] Text: Anatomy is seen as an area of knowledge with a high intrinsic cognitive load due to the high volume of information, which often leads to superficial learning due to the wide scope and little depth attributed to the several learning objectives listed in the traditional curricula [10,11]. Despite the historical importance of traditional methods based on the dissection of cadavers, its use as an isolated teaching strategy has been supplanted in curricula that favor the integration of basic science learning objectives, such as anatomy, with clinical, surgical and imaging testing aspects, aiming to contextualize learning and motivate students in the initial stages of the course [9,12–14]. In this scenario, new teaching-learning tools have been used together with innovative curricular principles, which privilege active learning, the rescue of prior knowledge, the horizontal and vertical integration of knowledge, the spiral allocation of learning objectives and feedback. Therefore, educational resources such as prosection, video lectures, virtual reality, augmented reality, gamification, computerized anatomy tables and computer-based teaching are being tested and implemented in the teaching of human anatomy [15–20]. Estai and Bunt [9], in a critical review of the literature regarding the several resources and learning strategies used for the teaching of human anatomy, emphasized, among other recommendations, that there is no single model capable of meeting all of the curricular needs. Therefore, they pointed out that the best way to teach anatomy is through the combination of several mutually complementary instructional tools. This versatility, regarding the combination of teaching-learning resources, can allow the adoption of the most convenient methods for each curricular context, considering the peculiarities of each course, as well as both the economic and social aspects. This variety of teaching-learning resources is crucial for the continuity of human anatomy teaching during the pandemic caused by the new coronavirus (Covid-19), which broke out in the beginning of 2020 [21]. Considering the imminent need for social isolation, the immediate adaptation of medical courses became imperative and, consequently, also of the teaching-learning strategies of human anatomy, on an emergency [22]. Among the several resources that can be integrated into the remote teaching of human anatomy, many medical courses have chosen to use narrated video lectures, included in virtual learning environments, for their asynchronous use by the students [23–26].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Recycled fabrics can replace every type of material used in fashion. [SEP] Text: This unprecedented lightness and fluidity, according to Lipovetsky, influences the way we live, think and relate to the world. In this context defined as “fluid, light and mobile”, the fashion system is revolutionized and the field of study expands, generating new horizons as well as new challenges in design as a profession. In the last decade, in the field of sports clothing design specifically, the evolution has been enormous and in this sense, several factors have influenced. For some years now, I have personally dedicated myself to studying and reviewing the factors that reflect the changing demands of users as a way of identifying specific needs and then trying to respond to specific design problems. For example, technological advances and cultural trends and lifestyles that make my professional and academic practice also dynamic and especially interesting. The objective of this work is to problematize, based on Lipovetsky's theoretical framework, the relationship between fabrics, fashion and bodies: that is, specifically to explore the benefits of technical fabrics, and their impact on the adaptation of sports clothing to the different types of bodies. In this sense, certain questions arise: how does design evolve, recognizing that bodies, being diverse, have different mobility capacities? Understanding that sports practice requires a series of movements specific to each sport, we ask ourselves, How does the choice of fabrics impact the design for bodies with different abilities or sizes, recognizing that they move in different ways during the practice of a sporty activity? Some of the most significant specific factors in the sports industry that reflect new demands are related to advances in materials and technology that have revolutionized the design of sports clothing. New technical fabrics have been developed that offer not only features such as breathability, elasticity, water and wind resistance and compression and moisture management properties. But technologies such as 3D printing and the integration of motion sensors have also been incorporated, which has allowed more functional and personalized designs. Another factor to highlight has been the focus on performance and comfort. Users look for sports clothing that improves their performance and provides comfort during sports practice. In this sense, textile innovations make a difference. There are fabrics designed to obtain the optimal thermal balance, keeping the body dry and protected from inclement weather. Others are designed to provide comfort by optimizing adjustments and giving freedom of movement. Sports fabrics stimulate and promote the confidence of athletes, while providing a more satisfying and effective sports experience.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The detection of gases like methane on exoplanets is often seen as strong evidence of life. [SEP] Text: The data points for the Sun-like and FGK-type stars are slightly offset to the left and right, respectively, to increase their visibility. We overlay in solid and dashed black the power-laws fit to the data with the best-fit power-law exponent shown in the legend. The wavelength range and the total throughput are kept constant at 4–18. 5 µm and 5%, respectively. 4. 2 a nearby target for a second time (or even more often frequently) to detect planets that could not be observed in the previous visit(s) can sometimes be significantly more efficient than observing a new but more distant target. Studies for single-aperture reflected-light missions conducted by Stark et al. (2015) have shown that allowing for so-called revisits when optimizing an observing sequence can increase the expected number of detected HZ planets by up to ~40%. While revisits are not simulated in the current version of LIFEsim due to the complications illustrated in Stark et al. (2015), Dannert (2021) constrained the magnitude of the improvement that revisits can yield in the context of LIFE. By moving all planets in the sample to the position on their orbit where they are observed with maximum S/N, 18% is predicted to be an upper bound for the improvement achievable with revisits. To predict a lower bound for the improvement, the search phase is divided into a blind search phase (as described in this work) and a follow-up phase. In the follow-up phase, planets observed in the blind search phase with insufficient S/N to be detected are moved to the optimal observing position on their orbit. Then, this optimized sample is observed with the remaining observing time, yielding a 6% lower bound for the improvement possible with revisits. This approach additionally predicts that revisits are efficient in increasing the completeness of the observed systems. Compared to a single-visit observing sequence, revisits can increase the completeness by up to 30% without reducing the total number of detected planets. This can be helpful when studying the architecture of the detected planetary systems, for instance. The difference of a factor of ~2 in the improvement from revisits between LIFE and reflected-light missions arises because the thermal emission observations are independent of the planet phase angle. For reflected-light observations, planets are more easily detected in gibbous phase than in crescent phase.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Video lectures allow students to review material at their own pace. [SEP] Text: The autonomy provided by these video lectures can play an important role in increasing student’s motivation as demonstrated by self-determination theory [27,28]. In the United Kingdom, during remote teaching, in addition to asynchronous remote video lectures, 36% of courses also held synchronous meetings and tutorials through platforms such as “Zoom”, “Collaborate Ultra” and “Button” [29]. The same study showed that some courses used a human anatomy atlas with digitalized cadaveric photographs and virtual resources in 3D, either alone or combined, to carry out the remote “practical” sessions. Similarly, a study carried out in Australia and documented the experiences of changes in the role of anatomy educators in those countries, in the face of social isolation [24]. Eighteen anatomists participated in this survey, representing 10 academic institutions of higher education. During the assessed period, most courses adopted as the instructional strategy a combination of asynchronous video lectures with synchronous meetings, in small groups, for case discussions and content review. The 87. 5% of anatomy students at the University of of Medicine, assessed through a questionnaire designed to assess their satisfaction with learning through the Zoom platform, were satisfied with remote teaching [31]. The literature lacks studies that specifically evaluate students’ motivation for asynchronous human anatomy video lectures. Therefore, considering its importance for the teaching of human anatomy during the Covid-19 pandemic, this study aimed to assess: (1) The motivation of students attending the at José do Rosário (-BH) for this instructional activity (2) the influence of sociodemographic factors on students’ motivation and (3) the influence of the students’ self-declared emotional state during social isolation due to the Covid-19 pandemic, on their motivation for asynchronous video lectures of human anatomy. The results of the study may pave the way for greater use of this educational strategy and support new studies on the topic. MethodsSubject recruitment The target population (n = 255) consisted of all students attending the first semester of the undergraduate at José do Rosário (-BH) – Campus, during the academic year of 2020. The students were invited to fill out the questionnaire, aimed at measuring their motivation regarding the asynchronous video lectures of human anatomy taught during the social isolation period, as well as evaluating the perception of their emotional state at that time.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Recycled fabrics can replace every type of material used in fashion. [SEP] Text: (Participant 18, personal communication, September 10, 2021) A textile designer with five years of experience said, …Personally, I really wish there was a device that could perfectly deliver the tactile properties of fabrics and want to use it. However, as an employee at a company, we are a very conservative group. We follow traditional ways of seeing fabrics as my boss does. People usually hate when they have to change their work habit that has been continued for years. (Participant 17, personal communication, September 9, 2021) This indicates that there is still a lot to be developed in the existing format of fabric presentation. Designers do not want to jump into a new technology that is not perfectly functioning. Therefore, the online presentation of fabric should be developed step by step, giving the users enough time to be familiar with it and adapt easily. ReliabilityLastly, reliability was emphasized by the participants. All participants tend to find reliable information by distinguishing between the objectivity and subjectivity of the both visual and textual information. When they saw existing types of online fabric presentation, they naturally classified the objectivity or subjectivity of the types, even though no one asked them to do so. In particular, they emphasized the reliability of textual information, which they agreed is the most important factor if they look for business use rather than personal use. When they see fabrics for business use, they tend to exclude subjective information when deciding which to purchase. When participants describe what they want on the websites, they commonly mentioned words such as ‘trustworthy,’ ‘objectivity,’ ‘reliable information,’ ‘reliable sources,’ and ‘professionalism. ’ There was a tendency amongst designers that they do not trust written information on the website because they think that it could be written by a non-expert. Since they want to use the fabric for business purposes, if the information on the website seems inaccurate and not professionally described, the reliability on the website and the designer’s intention to use it website drops sharply. One participant spoke about the significance of a reliable source. …When you describe fabric, you naturally evaluate the characteristics based on your judgement. I think it is okay, as long as the evaluator is a reliable expert. Honestly, if (website descriptions) stick to the objective information only, I think there is no way to describe fabric well.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The detection of gases like methane on exoplanets is often seen as strong evidence of life. [SEP] Text: Statistically speaking, at a given moment, 50% of the planets are in crescent phase and might remain undetected even if they could be resolved from their host star. However, when simulating revisits, these planets eventually move into gibbous phase and will be detected. For thermal emission observations, the planets will already be detected during the first visit, regardless of their phase. This accordingly decreases the improvement that can be achieved by revisiting the system. Fig. 9Same as Fig. 8, but for different mission and astrophysical parameters. The mirror size is kept constant at 2 m. The top three panels show the predicted yield as a function of the total throughput T from 1% to 19% in steps of 2%. The middle three panels show the predicted planet yield as a function of the exozodiacal dust level z from 1 zodi to 1000 zodi in logarithmic steps of log10(∆z) ~ 0. 3. The bottom three panels show the predicted planet yield for different wavelength ranges. In the latter case, the overlaid power laws are functions of the width W of the wavelength range, and the x-axes do not scale linearly with W. Fig. 10Average number of simulated (left) and detectable (right) habitable planets for the LIFE mission obtained by coupling our simulations with the probabilistic habitability assessment tool (Zsom 2015). A habitable planet is here defined as a planet on which liquid surface water can exist. Both plots show the sample of Sun-like stars with the hab2max planet population and a median exozodiacal dust level of 3 zodi observed with the 2 m mirrors, 5% total throughput, and the interferometric baseline length optimization for the center of the opt HZ. 4. 3 Probabilistic habitable zone The discrete nature of the HZs defined in Table 1 and considered throughout this work thus far limits their usefulness for quantifying the number of actually habitable planets (i. e. , the number of planets on which liquid surface water can exist) because only a fraction of the planets residing within these HZs will ultimately be habitable. For our own Solar System, this habitability fraction is 50% for both the opt HZ and con HZ (see Fig. 3). We note that this fraction might have changed throughout the evolution of the (Tuchow & Wright 2021).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Video lectures allow students to review material at their own pace. [SEP] Text: The inclusion criteria comprised being regularly enrolled at the and their wish to participate in the study. The exclusion criteria comprised the wish to leave the study, the lack of adherence to the protocol and being of foreign origin, which could hinder the interpretation of the questionnaire items. Curricular context The undergraduate at -BH, founded in 2003, adopts the Problem-methodology. Human anatomy is studied over four semester terms, during the first two years of Medical School. Synthetic models, a digital anatomy table, imaging tests, videos of surgical procedures and prosection are used in the teaching of anatomy. The curriculum consists of thematic blocks that carry out the horizontal and vertical integration of knowledge. The undergraduate medical course duration consists of 12 semesters, divided into pre-clinical, clinical and internship stages. Asynchronous video lectures During the social isolation period, which started in mid-March 2020, the at chose to use asynchronous video lectures to maintain the educational strategy. The teachers of this teaching strategy recorded and made lectures available using the following systems: Recording of video lectures in the Software (OBS)®, version 25. 0. 4. Use of laboratory practice scripts in human anatomy, contained in the Student Guide, for the standardization of video lectures, as follows: introduction; learning objectives; checklist of structures for identification; oral presentation, illustrated by PowerPoint slides, with anatomical atlas pictures, focusing on theoretical and practical aspects in an integrated manner; closure of the activity with discussion of a clinical, surgical or imaging case; recommended 2020. All students used the same form of access and were able to watch the same recordings. First-semester students participated in the face-to-face course for four weeks, prior to the start of social isolation. In the second semester 2020, until the data collection was carried out for this study, the entire course took place remotely. To continue the anatomy course during social isolation, in addition to these video lectures, students participated in synchronous meetings, carried out weekly through the application, with the teachers of Human Anatomy. These meetings were aimed at solving doubts and discussing clinical cases and imaging tests related to that week’s learning objectives. Data collection Survey (IMMS) questionnaire, based in the ARCS model of motivational design, was developed to measure students’ motivation regarding instructional materials that have self-directed characteristics and it has been used in the assessment of video lectures [32,33].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Recycled fabrics can replace every type of material used in fashion. [SEP] Text: High fabric thickness along with high fabric porosity, leads to increased air volume fraction resulting in more water entrapment by pores, and hence, high water absorbency of carded yarn fabrics. Fig. 7Effect of fibre linear density and yarn type on water absorbency. Full size image The effect of fibre linear density on water absorbency of test fabrics is presented in Fig. 7. Water absorbency was observed to increase with the increase in polyester fibre linear density for both carded (RC3. 3 > RC2. 2 > RC1. 5 > RC1. 3 > RC1. 1) and combed yarn fabrics (RM3. 3 > RM2. 2 > RM1. 5 > RM1. 3 > RM1. 1). Increase in water absorbency with fibre linear density may be attributed to corresponding increase in fabric thickness and fabric porosity (Table 4). For the same yarn fineness, as the fibre fineness decreases, the number of fibres in yarn cross-section decreases, which may result in increased yarn bulkiness and availability of high pore volume in yarn structure. Large pores or a high total pore volume assists in higher liquid volume retention, as suggested by Varshney et al. (2010). An increase in water absorbency of fabrics with increase in fibre linear density is therefore well justified in the light of above arguments. Combination of polyester fibre of higher decitex and carded yarn is seen to result in fabrics of higher water absorbency. ConclusionsPlated knit structures are characterized by distinct yet integrated inner and outer layers. Selection of contrastingly different fibre and yarn components in distinct inner and outer layers is possible which ensure dry skin microclimate and maximum wearer comfort. The present study was undertaken with an aim to explore suitable combination of fibre and yarn variables for engineering polyester–cotton plated fabrics with good thermo-physiological properties. Categorical variables i. e. outer layer yarn type and inner layer fibre linear density were found to affect the thermal, moisture vapour and liquid moisture transfer properties of developed test samples. Plated fabrics knitted with carded yarn and polyester fibre of high linear density showed higher thermal resistance and would feel warmer on initial skin contact owing to low thermal absorptivity. However, the air permeability and moisture vapour transmission rate increased with combination of combed cotton yarn in the outer and coarse polyester fibre in the inner layer.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The detection of gases like methane on exoplanets is often seen as strong evidence of life. [SEP] Text: To estimate the number of actually habitable planets orbiting Sun-like stars that the LIFE mission could detect, we coupled our simulations with the tool3 from Zsom (2015). considers a grid of exoplanet atmospheres with multiple parameters that can impact the habitability of a planet (e. g. , atmospheric composition, relative humidity, or surface pressure) to assess the probability that a planet receiving a given instellation flux and having a given radius can harbor liquid surface water. In the current implementation, the priors for the surface pressure and the relative humidity are uniform in log-space, and the priors for the surface albedo, the N2 mixing ratio, and the CO2 mixing ratio are uniform. By multiplying the number of simulated or detectable planets from our simulations with the habitability probability from we obtain an estimate for the number of simulated or detectable planets that are actually habitable. Figure 10 shows the average number of simulated and detectable habitable planets for the LIFE mission obtained with the default settings for Sun-like stars from. As in the previous sections, Fig. 10 considers the sample of Sun-like stars with the hab2max planet population and a median exozodiacal dust level of 3 zodi observed with 2 m mirrors and 5% total throughput. On average, ~3. 5 out of the ~38. 8 simulated and habitable planets can be detected around Sun-like stars. It appears that most of the habitable planets according to have small radii and instellation fluxes and cannot be detected by LIFE. Plots for the sample of FGK-type stars and the hab2min planet population can be found in 4. 5 detections out of the ~76. 2 simulated and habitable planets. This result suggests a higher detection rate of habitable planets for Sun-like stars (~9%) than for the broader sample of FGK-type stars (~6%). However, while the planet occurrence rate model from Bryson et al. (2021) covers the entire parameter space of EECs, the probabilistic nature of the tool means that even planets outside the parameter space simulated here could be habitable. This is especially the case for slightly less illuminated and smaller planets (see Fig. 5 of Zsom 2015). Hence, the numbers presented here should be considered with caution and might be slightly different if a broader space of planet parameters were simulated.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Video lectures allow students to review material at their own pace. [SEP] Text: These findings agree with the results of the study by Huang and Hew[33], which measured, using IMMS, the motivation of students participating in massive online courses (Coursera, Open2study and Khan Academy), which also used asynchronous video lectures. In their study, the overall motivation score was 3. 6, and in the Attention and Confidence dimensions, it was 3. 5 and 3. 7, respectively. This good motivational behavior is even more evident in the analysis of clusters, where 78. 1% of students showed moderate (Grade II) or high (Grade III) degrees of motivation. A total of 41. 4% of students were in the cluster comprising students with Grade II motivation (moderate), whose mean overall motivation score was 3. 6 (72% of the maximum score), whereas 36. 7% of students were in the cluster comprising students with Grade III motivation (high), whose mean overall motivation score was 4. 3 (86% of the maximum score). Only 2. 9% of students were in the cluster with grade I motivation, in which the mean overall score was 2. 8 (56% of the maximum score). In this sense, Singh and Ming [40] carried out a study to investigate the attitudes and learning of first-year medical students regarding video lectures used to teach macroscopic anatomy. One cohort of students was submitted to face-to-face classes and the other to asynchronous video lectures, which had the same content. The video lectures group performed significantly better in the tests and evaluated the tool positively. The adequate motivation observed for the anatomy video lectures can also be analyzed in the light of the characteristics of the current generation of students. Barry et al. [41], in the 0. 023) and in the group that had a prior higher education degree (p=0. 006). These results were corroborated by the cluster analysis, which showed a lower percentage of students with low motivation (Grade I) in the female group than in the male group (p=0. 040). Similarly, a lower percentage of students with grade I motivation was identified in the group with a prior higher education degree (p=0. 040). It is noteworthy that the Attention dimension has items that directly assess the instructional activity (asynchronous video lectures) and its strategies to obtain and maintain attention based on curiosity, with this dimension being considered a personal characteristic and a prerequisite for learning.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Recycled fabrics can replace every type of material used in fashion. [SEP] Text: effect of recycled fiber content on performancequality properties of swimwear fabrics Submit manuscript. . . Journal of eISSN: 2574-8114 & Research 75. DOI: 10. 15406/jteft. 2024. 10. 00368 to the decrease in natural resources all over the world and the increase in global CO2 emissions, which make the biggest contribution to global warming and climate change, the use of recycled materials has gained great importance in the textile industry, as in other application areas. Reducing the use of new raw materials and producing products from old raw materials not only minimizes environmental impacts such as lower CO2 emissions during the landfilling, reduced consumption of natural resources, reduced waste disposal, but also reduces costs and provides a longer product life. This study investigates the effect of recycled polyester fiber on the performance/quality properties of swimwear fabrics. Swimwear fabric samples were produced from 100% recycled polyester, 50% recycled polyester/50% polyamide, 100% polyester and 100% polyamide, and tested in terms of bursting strength, seam strength, abrasion resistance, air permeability and color fastness properties. Keywords: swimwear, synthetic fibers, recycled fibers, recycled polyester textile industry is one of the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions, creating a carbon footprint at every stage of a textile product's life cycle. Recycling of textile waste and diversifying the content of recycled raw materials is one of the promising way to reduce the carbon footprint. The use of recycled materials has gained great importance in the textile industry as well as in other application areas due to the decrease in natural resources all over the world. The use of recycled fiber reduces the demand for virgin fibers, conserves natural resources, reduces waste, and carbon dioxide emission, promoting a circular economy. 1,2 Synthetic textile waste takes a long time to decompose in nature, and the accumulation of waste posses a great dangerous to the ecosystem due to the generation of greenhouse gases, contributing to carbon emissions and environmental pollution. By 2050, textile production is expected to consume 300 million tonnes of fossil fuels and contribute 26% of carbon emissions. 2,3 Reducing use of new raw materials and turning these wastes into new products offer many benefits such as lower carbon dioxide emission during the landfilling, reduced natural resources consumption, reduced waste disposal, and longer product life.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The detection of gases like methane on exoplanets is often seen as strong evidence of life. [SEP] Text: We finally recall that the numbers obtained from coupling our simulations with the tool have similarly high relative uncertainties as the numbers presented throughout this work thus far, and they also depend on the mission parameters in a similar fashion. 4. 4 Combining separately optimized observing sequences We showed in Sect. 4. 1 that the predicted planet yield scales roughly with the square root of the total throughput (see Fig. 9). To first order, the total throughput is directly proportional to the duration of the search phase, which we have assumed to be 2. 5 yr (see Table 2). Hence, the predicted planet yield also scales roughly with the square root of the duration of the search phase, and if the search phase were cut to half of its time (1. 25 yr), significantly more than half of the predicted planet yield for the full 2. 5 yr would still be obtained. This raises the interesting possibility of combining multiple separately optimized observing sequences by reducing the duration assigned to each of these observing sequences while implicitly increasing their observing efficiency. For example, if the same scaling that we find here for Sun-like and FGK-type stars also holds for M dwarfs, the LIFE mission could search for planets orbiting Sun-like or FGK-type stars for half of the search phase (1. 25 yr) and for planets orbiting M dwarfs for the other half of the search phase. Then, for each of these two 50% chunks of the search phase, we would still obtain ~71% of the predicted planet yield for the full 2. 5 yr. 5 Summary and conclusions Previous studies have predominantly found that a space-based mid-infrared nulling interferometer mission searching for rocky planets within the HZ of their host star is strongly biased toward detections around M dwarfs (Kammerer & Quanz 2018; Quanz et al. 2018, 2022). This stems from the fact that such an inter-ferometric mission is mainly sensitivity limited when searching for rocky HZ planets, and M dwarfs are much more abundant in the solar neighborhood than FGK-type stars. A common misconception is that HZ planets would also be more frequent around M dwarfs than around Sun-like stars, but the results from Bryson et al. (2021) showed that the HZ occurrence rates for Sun-like stars are at least the same as those for M dwarfs, if not higher (see also Table 1).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Video lectures allow students to review material at their own pace. [SEP] Text: In this sense, asynchronous video lectures and synchronous meetings are being well rated and have not been affected by the emotional state [25,48,49]. Still in this regard, a study that included medical and dentistry students attending the first year of the course, showed that although 69% of the students felt a lack of “self-motivation”, the anatomy video lectures were appreciated by most students, who felt free to learn at their own pace, taking advantage of the possibility to pause, go back and watch again, as many times as necessary. In this study, only 9% of the participants said they were dissatisfied with the anatomy video lectures. In conclusion, the authors emphasized the gain that remote education is generating in terms of self-directed learning, which can also be highlighted in relation to self-determination [50]. It is interesting to note that, despite the “damage” caused by the impediments to practical face-to-face study, the emergency model adopted by -BH also had positive and motivating aspects. Therefore, one can affirm that the asynchronous video lectures, available for study prior to synchronous meetings, mimicked the flipped classroom methodology, widely used and well rated in online courses, as it is able to promote aspects of the students’ intrinsic motivation and self-determination [40,51–53]. This online hybrid anatomy curriculum was viewed as the most effective method because it incorporates the best features of synchronous and asynchronous components [54]. Indeed, intrinsic motivation is related to positive learning environment perceptions and is positively correlated with perceived academic rank [55]. Limitations of the study The main limitation of this study is related to the studied population. For the motivation assessment to be carried out during the two semesters of 2020, without including the same students again, the study considered only the students attending the first semester of the medical course. In addition, the evaluation of the emotional state through a single question, instead of a validated measurement instrument, also constituted a limitation of the study. However, this strategy was chosen because the primary objective was to assess motivation through the application of IMMS-BRV, and the incorporation of another questionnaire with several items could cause exhaustion in the students and impair the quality of responses. ConclusionsThis study evaluated an important factor related to meaningful learning. The students showed high motivation for the asynchronous video lectures of human anatomy.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Recycled fabrics can replace every type of material used in fashion. [SEP] Text: 4–11 The two most common forms of recycled synthetics are recycled polyester and recycled polyamide. Polyamide, the first synthetic polymer introduced to the market, is commonly used in a wide range of applications from apparels, ropes, carpets, to technical textile applications. Polyamide fibers have excellent tensile strength, good elastic recovery, excellent abrasion resistance, and excellent resistance to most chemicals. Polyester fibers are hydrophobic and have a low moisture regain value of 0. 4%. Polyester fibers are water repellent and quick drying due to its hydrophobicity. They have excellent tensile strength, resistance to stretching, excellent abrasion resistance and resistance to chemicals. They are easy care and wrinkle resistant. 12–14 Recycled polyester can be made from pre-consumer waste, such as waste from spinning of yarn or cutting of garments, or from post-consumer waste, such as plastic PET (polyethylene terephthalate) bottles, industrial fishing nets, or used garments. Recycled nylon can made from pre-consumer spinning or fabric waste or post-consumer industrial fishing nets. It was reported that recycled polyester reduces emissions by 32% and uses 59% less energy compared to virgin polyester. Recycled nylon reduces emissions by 26% and chemically regenerated nylon uses 60% less energy compared to virgin nylon. 4,5,14 Since the recycling process requires a breaking down process, the quality of the recycled fiber varies depending on the fiber and the recycling process used. Replacing virgin fiber with recycled fiber may adversely affect the mechanical properties, performance/quality properties of the final product. In order to achieve the required material properties and performance, recycled fibers can be blended with virgin fibers. 5,6,14–16 Nowadays, some brands, such as Econyl, Repreve, Eco®, Batoko have focused on promoting the use of recycled synthetic fibers in swimwear design to reduce the environmental impact of synthetics. 16,17 In this study, the effect of recycled fiber content on the performance/quality properties of swimwear fabrics was investigated, with the aim of contributing to the circular economy. The performance/quality properties of swimwear fabrics produced from recycled fiber and recycled fiber/virgin fiber combination (100% recycled polyester and 50% recycled polyester/50% polyamide) were compared with those produced from virgin fiber (100%polyester and 100% polyamide).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The detection of gases like methane on exoplanets is often seen as strong evidence of life. [SEP] Text: Because the habitability prospects for planets orbiting M dwarfs are still unclear, we focused here on the question of how many rocky HZ planets a space-based mid-infrared nulling interferometer mission such as LIFE could detect around Sun-like (effective temperature within 4800–6300 K) and FGK-type stars (effective temperature within 3940–7220 K). For this purpose, we presented new simulations of the search phase of such a mission, effectively predicting its expected planet yield. Our simulations are based on the planet occurrence rate model from Bryson et al. (2021), specifically inferred for Sun-like stars, and also propagate the uncertainties in this occurrence rate model, the orbital configurations, and the exozodiacal dust levels from Ertel et al. (2020) to the final results. We find that an interferometric array consisting of four 2 m telescopes operating in the 4–18. 5 µm wavelength range with a total throughput of 5% and targeting Sun-like stars is expected to find and planets within the opt HZ defined according to Kopparapu et al. (2014), assuming a pessimistic and optimistic extrapolation of the Kepler planet occurrence rates beyond 500 days, respectively. If targeting FGK-type stars, these numbers increase to and respectively. The expected number of detected exo-Earth candidates, which are planets with radii between 0. 8 and 1. 4 Earth radii (lower bound depends on spectral type, see Table 1) and instellation fluxes between 0. 356 and 1. 107 solar constants (upper and lower bounds depend on spectral type, see Table 1), is approximately one-third of the expected number of detected planets within the opt HZ. In Sect. 3, we presented the predicted planet yield for 24 different scenarios featuring different extrapolation schemes for the planet occurrence rate, exozodiacal dust levels, interferometric baseline length optimization schemes, and instrument parameters. Furthermore, in Sect. 4. 1, we investigated the dependence of the predicted planet yield on the mirror diameter, the total throughput, the exozodiacal dust level, and the spectral coverage in more detail.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Video lectures allow students to review material at their own pace. [SEP] Text: Although the majority of the participants were very affected by their emotional state due to the social isolation imposed by the Covid-19 pandemic, this fact did not interfere with the motivation for the video lectures, probably due to the intrinsic motivation that students attending the first year have regarding the study of anatomy, as they value its importance for good medical training and due to their curiosity regarding the in-depth knowledge of the human body. Moreover, the autonomy given to students to watch the asynchronous video lectures, managing the pace of their own study, revising it when necessary, is also a typical element of the self-determination theory for motivation. These findings alert to the importance of asynchronous video lectures as an adequate strategy for the teaching and learning of human anatomy, suggesting the need for further studies to develop motivating formats adapted to each educational context. Declarationswould like to thank the medical students who participated in this research. Statements and Approval: Committee of José do Rosário () – Approval ID: 03461718. 0. 0000. 5143. Informed Consent: Implied consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no competing interests. 1. Schunk DH. Introduction to the on Motivation and Efficacy. J Educ Psychol. 1990;82:3–6. 2. Donald JG. Motivation for higher-order learning. Teach Learn. 1999;1999:27–35. 3. Schunk D. Self-Efficacy and Academic Motivation. Educ Psychol. Informa UK Limited; 1991;26:207–31. 4. Wigfield A. Expectancy-value theory of achievement motivation: A developmental perspective. Rev. 1994;6:49–78. 5. Körhasan ND. The place of learning quantum theory in physics teacher education: Motivational elements arising from the context. Kuram ve Bilim. 2015;15:1087–101. 6. Pintrich PR. A conceptual framework for assessing motivation and self-regulated learning in college students. Rev. 2004; 7. Keller JM. Development and use of the ARCS model of instructional design. J Instr Dev. 1987;10:2–10. 8. Keller JM. for Learning and Performance:. Keller JM, editor. New York: Springer; 2010. 9. Estai M, Bunt S.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Recycled fabrics can replace every type of material used in fashion. [SEP] Text: Color fastness to chlorinated water was tested at 50 mg/L active chlorine concentration. Results and discussion The bursting strength of the fabric samples is shown in Figure 1. While 50rPES/50PA, 100rPES and 100PA fabric samples have almost similar bursting strength in the range of 151 kPa-156 kPa, the 100PES sample has the highest bursting strength of 166 kPa. Recycled polyester has lower bursting strength compared to virgin polyester, which could due to the its lower crystalline structure. The decrese in crystallinity may be explained by the process of remelting and reorganization of the polymer in the recycling process. 15 Figure 1 Bursting strength of swimwear fabric samples. Seam strength and abrasion resistance The seam strength of the samples is shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 shows that 50rPES/50PA, and 100PA have similar seam strength in both warp and weft directions, in the range of 30-32 kg. While the seam strength of the swimwear fabric produced from 100% recycled polyester (100rPES) in the weft direction decreases to 23 kg, the warp strength is similar to the fabrics produced with virgin fiber. Figure 2 Seam strength of swimwear fabric samples. The abrasion resistance of textile materials is an important feature that determines the lifespan of fabrics. 16 The abrasion resistance of the fabric samples was evaluated by the mass loss difference between the masses before and after abrasion cycles. It is observed that all swimwear fabric samples withstand 15,000 rubbing cycles without any damage. Air permeability Air permeability, the measure of air flow passed through a given area of a fabric, is related to porous structure of the fabric and greatly affects the thermal comfort properties of fabrics. 17 As can be seen in Figure 3, fabric samples containing recycled fibers (50rPES/50PA and 100rPES) have higher air permeability than virgin ones, indicating that they are more breathable and therefore more comfortable to wear. Air permeability value increased with blending with recycled polyester. This may be because recycled fibers are more porous and have a looser structure, allowing air to pass through more easily. Figure 3 Air permeability of swimwear fabric samples.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The detection of gases like methane on exoplanets is often seen as strong evidence of life. [SEP] Text: Overall, we observe no significant dependence of the predicted planet yield Y on the interferometric baseline length optimization scheme, while the mirror diameter D has the strongest impact (approximately Y ∝ D3/2), followed by the total throughput T (approximately Y ∝ T1/2), and finally the exozodiacal dust level z (approximately Y ∝ z−0. 15) and the width of the accessible wavelength range with a similarly weak scaling. Finally, we used the probabilistic habitability assessment tool to predict that roughly half of the detected exo-Earth candidates might indeed be habitable with conditions that would allow liquid surface water to exist. Finding these habitable planets and constraining their frequency is one of the main objectives of the LIFE mission. This new work clearly shows that the LIFE mission would be able to detect a statistically significant sample of Earth-like exoplanets around Sun-like stars. Although focusing on these planets is more difficult, mainly because Sun-like stars are less frequent in the solar neighborhood than M dwarfs, the LIFE mission could achieve its goal of detecting 30 potentially habitable planets during a search phase of 2. 5 yr when focusing solely on Sun-like stars assuming ~3 m mirrors and a throughput of 5%. This result assumes an optimistic extrapolation of the Kepler planet occurrence rates (the hab2max model). With smaller 2 m mirrors, a total throughput of ~20% would result in a similar planet yield. If the stellar sample were extended to all FGK-type stars, the goal of 30 potentially habitable planets could already be achieved with either a 2. 5 m mirror and 5% total throughput combination or a 2 m mirror and 10% total throughput combination. These planets would then be prime targets for an in-depth characterization during a second mission phase. Constructing an observing sequence that only partially investigates Sun-like (or more broadly, FGK-type) stars while leaving some time to search for HZ planets around M dwarfs would further reduce the requirements on mirror diameter and total throughput, although this option hinges on the unclear prospects for habitability around M dwarfs. authors would like to thank for sharing the parameter posterior of their planet occurrence rate model. The authors would further like to thank Christopher C. Stark, Denis Defrére, Olivier Absil, and for valuable feedback and discussions that helped to improve the manuscript.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: MOOCs provide free or affordable courses from top universities. [SEP] Text: Στα πλαίσια αυτού του συμμετοχικού ερευνητικού σχήματος δράσης σχεδιάστηκε, υλοποιήθηκε και προσφέρθηκε ανοιχτά για δύο διαδοχικές σχολικές χρονιές (2015 και 2016) ένα MOOC για τον προγραμματισμό υπολογιστών. Το MOOC απευθύνονταν σε μαθητές που προετοιμάζονταν για τη συμμετοχή τους στις πανελλαδικές εξετάσεις των Επαγγελματικών Λυκείων στο μάθημα του Προγραμματισμού Υπολογιστών για την εισαγωγή τους στην ελληνική τριτοβάθμια εκπαίδευση.

Output: corroborate