Input: Claim: Circadian rhythms are regulated by light-sensitive proteins. [SEP] Text: Moreover, crossing these mice with polyp formation-prone adenomatosis polyposis coli (Apc)Min/+ animals increases the frequency of formation of intestinal and colonic polyps in ApcMin/+Per2m/m mice compared to ApcMin/+ mice. Following downregulation of Per2, Cyclin D, which is a circadian regulated and β-catenin target gene, has been shown to increase in human colon cancer cell lines, as does cell proliferation. Thus, Per2 loss during intestinal tumorigenesis may, in part, act through upregulation of β-catenin, increasing intestinal β-catenin signaling and cell proliferation. Also, increase in small-intestinal mucosa β-catenin in Per2m/m mice is associated with an increase in MYC protein, again a circadian regulated and β-catenin target gene [89]. Furthermore, accelerated β-catenin expression is associated with PER2 protein instability and lower PER2 levels as a result of increased β-TrCP protein levels as it has been observed that overexpression of wild type or mutant β-catenin protein decreases the stability of PER2 protein, and this PER2 instability is reversed when the induction of β-TrCP is prevented [90]. It has also been reported that mPer2 may play an important role in tumor suppression by inducing apoptotic cell death. Overexpression of Per2 in the mouse Lewis lung carcinoma cell line (LLC) and mammary carcinoma cell line (EMT6) results in reduced cellular proliferation and rapid apoptosis, but not in non-tumorigenic NIH3T3 cells. This is attributable to enhanced proapoptotis signaling and attenuated anti-apoptosis processes as overexpressed mPER2 downregulate the mRNA and protein levels of c-Myc, Bcl-XL and Bcl-2, and upregulate the expression of p53 and bax in mPer2-overexpressing LLC cells [91]. Similarly, the intratumoral expression of mPer2 in C57Bl/6J mice transplanted with Lewis lung carcinoma shows a significant antitumor effect [92].

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Social support is crucial for mental health and resilience. [SEP] Text: , those in inpatient care) and/or recruiting without mention of mental health symptomatology in order to cast a broader net. Further, future research might examine whether prior involvement in therapy affected participation and/or moderated the current findings. Another limitation to the current study involves its relative lack of racial diversity. Participants were predominantly white (reflective of the institution), yet research has found lower rates of self-worth contingencies among Black relative to White participants (Zeigler-Hill, Citation2007) and higher rates of mental health conditions among mixed-race (27% point prevalence over 12 months), Indigenous (22%), and LGBT (37%) adults relative to Asian (15%), Black (16%), Hispanic/Latinx (17%), and White (20%) individuals (NAMI, Citation2023). Minority stress theory notes that individuals from marginalized groups experience greater stressors than those with structural advantage (Sarno et al. , Citation2020), and Black, Asian, Hispanic-American/Latinx, and mixed race/multi-racial individuals are less likely than White individuals to seek out mental health treatment (NAMI, Citation2023). Further, minority racial groups have less access to mental health care (Murthy, Citation2022; Office of the US, Center for Services US, & of US, Citation2001) which may further affect self-stigma. On the other hand, self-stigma related to mental health may involve difficult decisions about when and with whom to self-disclose relative to internalized stigma involving observable difference (e. g. , race) (Camacho et al. , Citation2020). Given that current participants identified predominately as white, heterosexual, and cisgender, and due to low power to detect such differences in a small sample, we were unable to examine these important questions. We also note that it may be difficult to separate out stigma related to mental illness from that linked with other forms of marginalization given that most participants occupy numerous and interacting social identities. Future studies require larger, more diverse pool of participants to examine possible differences in, and intersectionality related to, current findings. In sum, we found support for the hypotheses that ally support was negatively associated (and social self-worth contingencies positively linked) with self-stigma in individuals with mental health conditions, with qualitative findings lending further insight into these relationships.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All space missions are environmentally sustainable with no pollution. [SEP] Text: As to the local production, the municipality set these energy requirements on urban developers: 55 kWh per m2 x year and 30% locally produced electricity by renewables (see Fig. 7). Both requirements are associated with the energy goals set by SRS (2009, 2010), most of which are relevant to this study as presented in Table 2. Opportunities for the local energy production should be promoted in urban development, and for maintenance reasons, passive solutions should be given priority over more technology-heavy alternatives (2018). Fig. 7Local production of electricity. Source: Bibri and Krogstie (2020a)Full size imageTable 2 Relevant energy goals of SRSFull size table The IoT allows for observing energy consumption and monitoring GHG emissions in real-time across several spatial and temporal scales so to curb energy usage and reduce GHG emissions. This entails that the smart grid system collects the data from diverse power sources and then process and analyze them in real-time for decision-making by transmitting relevant information for process control to improve the performance of the power grid. This involves using AMI, which includes sensors placed on consumers access points and on production, transmission, and distribution systems, as well as remote controls and communication technologies within electricity networks (Fig. 8). In other words, the operation of the smart grid system involves ICT system integration, data, and back office, which allow the integration of front-end engineering, middleware, and computing systems, as well as data collection and decision analytics. Fig. 8Data-driven smart energy solutions in SRS. Source: Bibri (2020b)Full size image Number 1 in Fig. 8 represents the customer application support in terms of in-home display with real-time usage and pricing statistics, usage aware appliances, and home automation.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Circadian rhythms are regulated by light-sensitive proteins. [SEP] Text: All this evidence indicates that Per2 has a role in tumour suppression, but further research is needed to ascertain whether Per2 is in fact a tumour suppressor gene or whether a particular mutation of Per2 acquires oncogenetic properties. In contrast to Per2 mutants, Cry double mutant (Cry1-/-Cry2-/-) mice are indistinguishable from the wild-type controls with respect to radiation-induced morbidity and mortality. Similarly, the Cry1-/-Cry2-/-mutant fibroblasts are indistinguishable from the wild-type controls with respect to their sensitivity to ionizing radiation and UV radiation, and ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage checkpoint response [93]. In another study, mice deficient in the core circadian gene Bmal1 show reduced lifespan and various symptoms of premature aging but none of the Bmal1-/- mice develop tumors in the course of their lifespan [94]. Similarly, Clock/Clock mutant mice do not display predisposition to tumor formation either during their normal lifespan or when exposed to a low dose of γ-radiation that is able to initiate and promote neoplastic progression [95]. Instead, exposure of Clock-/- mice to ionizing radiation results in the development of pathological conditions similar to those of premature aging described for Bmal1-/- mice [94]. Recently, Ozturk et al. reported the effect of the Cry mutation on carcinogenesis in a mouse strain prone to cancer because of a p53 mutation. Contrary to the expectation that clock disruption in this sensitized background would further increase cancer risk, they found that the Cry mutation protects p53 mutant mice from the early onset of cancer and extends their median lifespan ~50%, in part by sensitizing p53 mutant cells to apoptosis in response to genotoxic stress [96]. These studies suggest that disruption of the circadian clock in itself does not compromise mammalian DNA repair and DNA damage checkpoints and does not predispose animals to spontaneous and ionizing radiation-induced cancers. The effect of circadian clock disruption on cellular response to DNA damage and cancer predisposition may depend on the mechanism by which the clock is disrupted, and elucidation of this mechanism warrants further investigation. Another aspect of DNA damage response is DNA repair. Cells have evolved a number of mechanisms to repair damaged DNA. One such repair mechanism, nucleotide excision repair, is a multicomponent system that replaces a short single stranded region encompassing a DNA lesion.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Social support is crucial for mental health and resilience. [SEP] Text: The results have implications for prevention and intervention, inviting a two-pronged approach at interpersonal and intrapersonal levels. Specifically, we might foster interpersonal ally support for those comfortable with self-disclosure, which benefits both the marginalized and allies themselves (Mizock & Page, Citation2016). An intrapersonal approach (e. g. , through web-based self-compassion interventions) may empower highly contingent individuals to make choices about self-disclosure without their self-esteem on the line (Crocker, Citation2002). This does not preclude the need to shift institutional, systemic, and cultural marginalization of those with mental health conditions, though it offers additional pathways to do so (both/and). Acknowledgements and declaration of interest statementWe would like to acknowledge and are grateful to the individuals who participated in this study. This work was not funded by an external source, and it has not been published elsewhere. The authors report there are no competing interests to declare. Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s). Data availability statementData are available upon request from the first author. Notes1. Crocker has examined additional domains not addressed in the current study: competition and family support (external validation) as well as God’s love and virtue (internal validation). The focus of the current study is on the former and specifically focused on social self-worth contingencies. Both measures of contingencies are included to further validate the SWCQ scale among emerging adults. 2. Mental health conditions were self-reported (e. g. , “Do you experience any of the following: depression, anxiety … [etc. ]”) (yes/no) and were not confirmed with a diagnostic checklist or interview. 3. Students were offered a number of options for extra-credit such that those who did not want to participate in the current study and/or those who did not identify with a mental health condition were able to choose an alternative activity. 988. (Open in a new window)PubMed (Open in a new window)Web of Science ®(Open in a new window)228. (Open in a new window)1182. (Open in a new window)PubMed (Open in a new window)Web of Science ®(Open in a new window)1034. Advance online publication.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All space missions are environmentally sustainable with no pollution. [SEP] Text: These pertain to the data-driven smart applications concerned with power supply management handled by the smart grid system, which include: Optimizing power distributed networks associated with energy demand/supply Monitoring and analyzing energy consumption and GHG emissions levels in real time across several spatial scales and over different temporal scales Enhancing the performance of the central power system Managing distribution automation devices to improve the reliability, stability, and resilience of power production and distribution Enabling energy systems to gather and act on (near) real–time data on power consumption, generation, and inefficiency from end–user connections (information about producers and consumers’ behavior) Avoiding potential power outages resulting from high demand on energy using dynamic pricing models for power usage by increasing charges during peak times to smooth out peaks and applying lower charges during normal times. Avoiding the expensive and carbon–intensive peaks in the power grid using new ways of coordination with regard to the overall ensemble of users and consumers Supporting decision–making pertaining to the generation and supply of power in line with the actual demand of citizens and other consumers to optimize energy efficiency and thus achieve energy savings. As illustrated in Fig. 8, the communication from the meter to the network operator is wireless. Wireless communication options are in fact of common use in this regard, and include, but are not limited to: Wi-Fi (readily available) Wireless ad hoc networks over Wi-Fi Wi-SUN (Networks) Wireless mesh networks Worth noting is that wireless communication is of paramount to the functioning of the IoT and the spread of its data-driven applications across the city, beyond the domain of energy. A most popular form of government-sponsored Internet access is seen in the form of public Wi-Fi spanning different city districts in Stockholm as well as Barcelona. Number 4 in Fig. 8 is associated with integrated renewables and distributed energy. This facilitates the integration of back-up generators, storage, and distributed solar, as well as disconnection in case of network overload (Bibri 2020b). In terms of the distributed solar and wind stations, the use of these applications are intended to improve coordination and planning around power generation from renewable plants depending on the wind or sun. Quire good estimations of power generation from wind, solar panels, and photovoltaic plants can be made a few days in advance thanks to the weather forecast.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Circadian rhythms are regulated by light-sensitive proteins. [SEP] Text: Recently, the effect of the circadian clock on nucleotide excision repair has been investigated in mice. Nucleotide excision repair is found to display prominent circadian oscillations in mouse brain reaching at its maximum in the afternoon/early evening hours and minimum in the night/early morning hours. The circadian oscillation of the repair capacity is caused at least in part by the circadian oscillations in the expression of DNA damage recognition protein xeroderma pigmentosum A (XPA) [97]. Iterative alterations of lifestyle: clock -cancer connection The clock-cancer connection has been investigated in studies of pilots, flight attendants, and shift workers who are more likely to have disrupted circadian cycles due to abnormal work hours. Incidence of breast cancer increases significantly in women working nightshifts, being higher among individuals who spend more years and hours per week working at night [98]. Exposure to light-at-night, including disturbance of the circadian rhythm, possibly mediated via the melatonin synthesis and clock genes, has been suggested as a contributing cause of breast cancer. Since working nightshifts is prevalent and increasing in modern societies, this exposure may be of public health concern, and contribute to the ongoing elevation in breast cancer risk [99 - 101]. Keith et al. propose that circadian rhythms could be more important than family history in determining breast cancer risk [102]. A pilot study in India showed that the risk of developing breast cancer in menopausal visually challenged women is very much lower as compared to sighted women in the similar age group suggesting a relationship between visible light and breast cancer risk [103]. Another study revealed that women working more than 20 years of rotating night shifts have a significantly increased risk of endometrial cancer. In stratified analyses, obese women working rotating night shifts had doubled their baseline risk of endometrial cancer compared with obese women who did no night work, whereas no significant increase was seen among non-obese women [104]. Observations from a cohort study of pilots showed a significantly increased incidence rate of prostate cancer when compared with the respective Canadian population rates [105]. A similar cohort of Nordic pilots demonstrated that the relative risk of prostate cancer increases as the number of flight hours in long distance aircraft increases [106]. A significant association between rotating-shift work and prostate cancer incidence among Japanese male workers has also been found [107].

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Social support is crucial for mental health and resilience. [SEP] Text: Now there is a real opportunity to talk, not just about what the NHS needs to do, but the changes we need to see in all aspects of life, if we are to truly support those of us with mental health problemsThe 37-page HEE document mentions pharmacists just twice — first, in respect to local employers encouraging other professions, such as pharmacists, to work differently to support the growth and transformation of new and existing mental health services. And secondly, to acknowledge the assistance pharmacists can provide to consultant psychiatrists in terms of advice, support and services with regard to prescriptions. But the role of pharmacists in mental health can, and does, go much further, from community pharmacists who regularly encounter individuals with mental health problems to specialist mental health pharmacists who use their knowledge to optimise treatments for individuals being cared for in mental health facilities. “Specialist mental health pharmacists can, and should, be using their skills and expertise to individualise treatments for best outcomes for service users,” says and NHS Improvement head of mental health and learning disability medicine. Specialist mental health pharmacists can, and should, be using their skills and expertise to individualise treatments for best outcomes for service usersAll pharmacists should be able to work with healthcare colleagues to support people with severe mental illness to live longer and healthier lives, says Pratt. They can do this by promoting basic physical and oral health through encouraging exercise and providing services such as smoking cessation. Source: Courtesy of Peter Pratt“Best use of medicines in mental health and learning disability cannot be considered in isolation,” says and NHS Improvement head of mental health and learning disability medicinePratt’s goal as head of mental health is to ensure improvements are made in the way pharmacological treatments are used in people with mental health problems. “Best use of medicines in mental health and learning disability cannot be considered in isolation, so it is important to ensure that the wider mental health programmes take appropriate account of medicines, but also to ensure mental health is not overlooked within the wider NHS,” he says. Call for helpThe role of pharmacists in mental health spans both primary and secondary care and a variety of healthcare settings. “In community pharmacy we probably see more mental health patients and their carers than anywhere in the healthcare system,” says Hemant Patel, secretary of North-local pharmaceutical committee.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All space missions are environmentally sustainable with no pollution. [SEP] Text: It is well conceivable, for instance, to offer a better price for electricity on a windy or sunny day and thus create an incentive to use this carbon neutral energy at a certain time. Stockholm strongly advocates renewable energy generation in order for SRS to become fossil fuel–free by 2030. The future energy system in SRS is intended to be based on renewable sources. This is very crucial for the district to fulfil the ambition of becoming environmentally sustainable (City of Stockholm 2010). Every part of the district that is affected by the energy system, e. g. , buildings, infrastructures, and systems, must be highly effective and efficient in order for the district to become climate-positive district, especially SRS is part of the Initiate (City of Stockholm 2010). Smart buildingsThe building management system (BMS) is an overarching computer-based control system (an intelligent distributed network of electronic devices and systems) that is responsible for the automatic regulation, control, and monitoring of the building or facility’s mechanical and electrical subsystems, such as heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC), lighting, power systems, and security systems. These technical processes are primarily intended to maintain predefined parameters (or set points) and the control of their functionality. The BMS uses smart metering and advanced visualization tools to provide real-time monitoring and continuously gather the data on what is taking place in a building and how its equipment is operating and feeding these data into a control system to improve energy efficiency. So, the collected data can be used to identify additional opportunities for improvements. Smart eco-cities are making substantial efforts towards meeting their climate change commitments and thus achieving their environmental targets—with support of data-driven smart technologies and solutions—in response to their national and local policies. Applied in Stockholm, in addition to existing and newly constructed smart buildings, is a novel data-driven smart approach to strategic planning of building energy retrofitting, which is based on the urban building energy model (UBEM), using data about actual building heat energy consumption, energy performance certificates, and reference databases (Pasichnyi et al. 2019). This approach allows a holistic city-level analysis of retrofitting strategies thanks to the aggregated projections of the energy performance of each building, such as energy saving, emissions reduction, and required social investment.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Circadian rhythms are regulated by light-sensitive proteins. [SEP] Text: There is also a case report showing that a patient with primary cerebral B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has lost circadian control of sleep [125]. Moreover, genetic association and functional analyses suggest that the circadian gene Cry2 might play an important role in NHL development [126]. Several circadian related genes have been found to be under-expressed in pancreatic cancer indicating that pancreatic tumors have altered circadian rhythms [127]. Recently, Per1 has been identified as a candidate tumor suppressor, epigenetically silenced in nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Per1 expression has been found to be low in a large panel of NSCLC patient samples and in NSCLC cell lines compared to normal lung tissue. The down-regulation of Per1 expression is associated with hypermethylation of the Per1 promoter. Moreover, the study reveals that aberrant acetylation of Per1 promoter is also a potential mechanism for silencing Per1 in cancer [128]. More recently, Bmal1 has been reported to be transcriptionally silenced by promoter CpG island hypermethylation in hematologic malignancies, such as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and acute lymphocytic and myeloid leukemias. It has been shown that BMAL1 epigenetic inactivation impairs the characteristic circadian clock expression pattern of certain genes including c-Myc, in association with a loss of BMAL1 occupancy in their respective promoters. Furthermore, the DNA hypermethylation-associated loss of BMAL1 also prevents the recruitment of its natural partner, the CLOCK protein, to their common targets, further enhancing the perturbed circadian rhythm of the malignant cells [129]. Epigenetic technologies in cancer studies are helping increase the number of cancer candidate genes and allow us to examine changes in 5-methylcytosine DNA and histone modifications at a genome-wide level. In fact, all the various cellular pathways contributing to the neoplastic phenotype are affected by epigenetic genes in cancer. They are being explored as biomarkers in clinical use for early detection of disease, tumor classification and response to treatment with classical chemotherapy agents, target compounds and epigenetic drugs [130]. The discovery of cancer-relevant gene silencing by epigenetic mechanisms is closely linked to epigenetic drug design and development.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Social support is crucial for mental health and resilience. [SEP] Text: In community pharmacy we probably see more mental health patients and their carers than anywhere in the healthcare system“The hospitals deal with the severe cases — but those with mild-to-moderate anxiety or depression come to the community pharmacy for help. ”Patel is involved in a scheme currently running across 10 pharmacies in the boroughs of Barking and Dagenham in where, following treatment for mental health problems at the Trust (NELFT), patients come to the community pharmacy for physical health and medicines checks. “Sometimes when NELFT releases patients into the community, only around 28% of the people come back [to the hospital] for their physical health checks,” explains Patel. The community pharmacists involved in the scheme have been trained as “health coaches” who take time to get a holistic picture of the patient’s health — their physical health; social circumstances; and the state of their mental health and medicines taking. The pharmacist then creates a written care plan and the patient chooses what they would like to prioritise in terms of improving their health, such as smoking cessation, or a medicines check, which is then provided by the community pharmacy. As well as being well received by patients and carers, the scheme has changed the views of the pharmacists involved. “Their stigma [regarding mental health] has now been replaced with compassion and commitment,” says Patel. He hopes that in future those suffering from mild or moderate anxiety and depression will be able to see a specialist mental health pharmacist in the community. In another pilot scheme, run by Ray Lyon, chief pharmacist and specialist in mental health at community pharmacists undertake physical health checks for young people on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication, record the results, action them appropriately and answer family questions relating to medication. This process would normally take up time in specialist clinics. There were 137 eligible families involved in the scheme and, from the 21 who gave feedback, 90% wanted the service to continue, primarily because they were not required to miss work or school. The scheme was also found to free up 40% of the clinic’s time to enable the staff to deal with more complex cases. As one of two mental health pharmacists in the all-England chief pharmacists group, chaired by chief pharmaceutical officer Keith Ridge, Lyon has the opportunity to raise important issues around mental health with other chief pharmacists as well as Ridge.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All space missions are environmentally sustainable with no pollution. [SEP] Text: Three retrofitting packages: (1) heat recovery ventilation, (2) energy-efficient windows, and (3) a combination of these, are considered for the multi-family residential buildings constructed between 1946 and 1975. The identified potential lies in decreasing heat demand by 334 GWh (18%) and consequent emissions reduction by 19. 6 kt-CO2 per year in the City of Stockholm, which demonstrates the potential of rich urban energy datasets and data science techniques for better decision making and strategic planning. The proposed approach allows the change in total energy demand from large-scale retrofitting to be assessed, and explores its impact on the supply side, thereby enabling more precisely targeted and better coordinated energy efficiency programs. Prior to this study, Shahrokni et al. (2014b) evaluate the energy efficiency potential of different building vintages in the City of Stockholm in collaboration with the district heating and electricity utility Fortum. The authors found that the retrofitting potential of the building stock to current building codes can reduce heating energy use by 1/3. In terms of market segmentation, the greatest reduction potential in total energy was found to be for the buildings constructed between 1946 and 1975 due to their poor energy performance. Limiting or alleviating pollution levels requires a substantial decrease in the average carbon intensity of buildings. This in turn requires using decision-support systems that enable largescale energy efficiency improvements in the existing building stock. Among the common hurdles preventing the widespread adoption of energy efficiency measures in buildings are: poor design of buildings, which makes it difficult to implement BMS and to apply common standards for efficiency and operation; lack of incentives or funding schemes for architects, builders, and developers to invest in smart building technology; and reluctance of building owners to accept too much built-in automation. The most effective approach to overcome these hurdles and thus realize the full potential of advanced ICT is to design innovative policies, including developing strong frameworks to encourage consumers to adopt these technologies, providing incentives for consumers or other types of intervention, and raising awareness of the benefits of ICT-based climate solutions.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Circadian rhythms are regulated by light-sensitive proteins. [SEP] Text: Application of epigenetic therapies in terms of developing drugs that block epigenetic events in cancer is one of the major courses of action that can influence the epigenetic yield. Demethylating agents namely 5-azacytidine (5-aza-CR) and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) are the only cytidine analogues that have been approved by the U. S. Food and (FDA) for hematological malignancies in non-toxic doses [131,132]. Cancer as a circadian rhythm related disorder Different lines of evidence in mice and humans suggest that cancer may be a circadian-related disorder [133,134]. A number of studies by Filipski et al. indicate that the circadian clock of the host might play an important role in the endogenous control of tumor progression. SCN ablation or exposure to experimental chronic jetlag (CJL) caused alterations in circadian physiology and significantly accelerated tumor growth. CJL suppressed or altered the rhythms of clock gene and cell cycle gene expression in mouse liver. It increased p53 and decreased c-Myc expression, a result in line with the promotion of diethylnitrosamine-initiated hepatocarcinogenesis in jet-lagged mice. The accelerating effect of CJL on tumor growth is counterbalanced by the regular timing of food access over the 24 hours. Meal timing prevented the circadian disruption produced by CJL and slowed down tumor growth. In synchronized mice, meal timing reinforced host circadian coordination, phase-shifted the transcriptional rhythms of clock genes in the liver of tumor-bearing mice and slowed down cancer progression [135]. Recent findings suggest that circadian genes may function as tumor suppressors [133,136] at the systemic, cellular and molecular levels due to their involvement in cell proliferation [82,89], apoptosis [85,91], cell cycle control [69,70,82], and DNA damage response [70,86,97]. The genetic or functional disruption of the molecular circadian clock may result in genomic instability and accelerated cellular proliferation, two conditions that favor carcinogenesis [137]. Thus, aberrant expression of circadian clock genes could have important consequences on the transactivation of downstream targets that control the cell cycle and on the ability of cells to undergo apoptosis thus potentially promoting carcinogenesis.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Social support is crucial for mental health and resilience. [SEP] Text: [CMHP] is starting to work with clinical commissioning groups and primary care, including community pharmacists, to support people in the community to up their mental health knowledge and their confidence in working with people living with mental illness,” she says. [CMHP] is starting to work with clinical commissioning groups and primary care, including community pharmacists, to support people in the community to up their mental health knowledge and their confidence in working with people living with mental illnessHolmes’s work in forensic mental health, based at in Nottinghamshire, is unique compared with other mental health pharmacy roles. provides services for more than 300 patients requiring care and treatment in conditions of high security, and comprises several local, regional and national clinical services, including mental health services for men and women. Holmes’s remit also includes overseeing services to medium secure and low secure settings, and several prisons. “We are dealing with people who are not necessarily any more unwell [than other patients] but the nature of their illness makes them a risk to themselves or others,” she explains. is very much “recovery focused”, meaning that the eventual aim is to get the patients better and back out into the world. “Just because someone’s in a high-secure setting doesn’t mean that’s where they’re going to be for the rest of their lives. We do move people on, we do get people better, we do manage and mitigate risk and that, in a way, is what forensics is all about. ”However, because this can be a slow journey, patients can remain in the service for a long time. According to Holmes, this was one feature of mental health pharmacy that appealed to her. “It’s an absolute privilege seeing somebody at their worst and then walking their journey with them and seeing them get better and move on — that’s just the best thing ever. ”It’s an absolute privilege seeing somebody at their worst and then walking their journey with them and seeing them get better and move on — that’s just the best thing everThe outlook from secondary careFor trust chief pharmacist the high level of clinical input and acceptance pharmacists have in the multidisciplinary team are what appeal to him most about working in mental health.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All space missions are environmentally sustainable with no pollution. [SEP] Text: part of the new study: Smart Cities: Strategies and Forecasts in Energy, Transport and Lighting 2017–2022, Juniper (2020) analyzed five global cities to assess their performance and approach towards energy consumption and delivery, and one of their conclusion is that smart meter roll-outs, as well as several smart grid, such as the GrowSmarter initiative, are being deployed to deliver low-to zero-emissions zones in Barcelona. With the roll-out of smart metering devices and novel software applications, the IoT has made it possible to reorganize and coordinate demand and supply, using new pricing and billing mechanisms, based on the energy market and production (Bibri 2018b). Additionally, however, the project develops a system capable of precisely establishing the status of the distribution grid in real time and at any given moment (Status Estimator), which provides real and immediate information about the impact on the quality and safety of the supply (Nikitin et al. 2016). This project deploys an entire network of medium and low voltage sensors that record measurements for all the electrical variables needed to be entered in the grid’s new Status Estimator. This receives the collected data in real time via the deployed sensors and the existing smart meters diagnosing the different problems on the grid in order to prevent or improve them, as applicable. As regards BMS, one of the main categories of energy monitoring management system in Barcelona is installed in municipal buildings, where sensors obtain information about energy consumption, such as electricity meter, electricity ambient conditions, internal ambient conditions, and temperature (Sinaeepourfard et al. 2016). Worth pointing out is that the smart meter roll-outs and several smart grid projects were developed in Barcelona and Stockholm during approximately the same period of time. Moreover, most of the data-driven smart energy solutions associated with SRS, as explained and elaborated on earlier, apply to Barcelona from a technical and operational perspective, with some key differences in the degree of the development of data-driven technologies and competencies. In particular, the sensor infrastructure is largely developed proportionally in the two cities. Barcelona has a denser network of sensors which compile data from a wide variety of sources. Also, the city must have significantly improved its public Wi-Fi network whose construction was, according to many studies (e. g.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Circadian rhythms are regulated by light-sensitive proteins. [SEP] Text: It must be noted that contrary to epidemiological data, genetic data do not always show a positive correlation between the disruption of circadian clock and manifestation of cancer. A direct and simple answer to the question, why disturbances in circadian rhythms can cause cancer in some cases and not others, could be that desynchronization of phases attributable to abnormal working hours may produce a more profound and generalized effect on the pathophysiology of cancer than a single mutation. Thus, shift work and circadian mutation may have different impacts on physiological processes. Abnormal working hours leading to desynchronization of endogenous clock with the environment can affect overall clock-controlled physiological processes that can result in partial or complete phase shifts between physiology and behaviour depending upon the circumstances. On the other hand, a single mutation of any clock gene may disrupt the system at a particular state not always producing such a drastic effect as cancer because of the compensatory and redundant role of other genes. Another possible answer to the abovementioned question is based on the fact that a cell has a variety of options to illicit DNA damage response. The cell may go through growth arrest to permit DNA repair, and if damage is removed, the cell may restore its normal state. If the cell fails to repair the DNA damage, it can undergo apoptosis. Simultaneously, the cell can proliferate without elimination of mutations which will lead to neoplasia and tumorigenesis. In case of considerable damage, massive apoptosis may lead to disruption of tissue integrity, thus, the cell undergoes senescence while retaining its metabolic activity. The final outcome will depend on the type of the cell, various extracellular signals, and the functional status of the relevant intracellular pathways. The circadian genes may control some important steps of these pathways, thus, insufficiency of any particular clock gene will affect the specific pathway in which it is involved. This, in turn, will determine the final outcome of exposure to DNA damage. Evidence is being generated to show that deficiency of certain clock proteins favors the trigger to senescence. Bmal1-/- and Clock-/- mice show signs of premature aging, Bmal1-/- mice naturally in life [138] and Clock-/- mice after exposure to ionizing radiation [139]. Moreover, Per2 mutant mice show an increased number of senescent cells in vasculature developing early in life [140].

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Social support is crucial for mental health and resilience. [SEP] Text: The college has also been working with the Centre for Education (CPPE) on its education resources as well as the Students’ Association to try to get support and education to pharmacists at the beginning of their careers and highlight that mental health is a specialty that exists for pharmacists. Crampsie believes that the profile of mental health pharmacy needs to be raised significantly so people start to see it as a valuable career opportunity. At the moment it is not an obvious career path for newly qualified pharmacists, he says. Source: Celesio UKAdam Crampsie, head of clinical operations and development at Celesio UK, believes the fear of dealing with patients with mental illness exists because it pushes pharmacists out of their comfort zoneUnmet needBoyd says that Mind hears from people every day who are struggling to access support, highlighting that there is still a great deal of unmet need in mental health. Pratt is keen to build a picture of the range of services pharmacists are offering in England to people with mental illness and learning disabilities. “We know that there are likely to be challenges in the availability of health professionals with the skills to deliver non-pharmacological treatments, so by taking the lead for medicines use in mental health, pharmacists could release some of the pressure on other health professionals and free them to deliver much needed non-pharmacologic treatments,” he says. According to Pratt, a mental health strategy currently being developed for pharmacy spans several areas — from workforce, data and leadership to genetics and genomics — recognising that pharmacists now have a significant opportunity to take their place alongside other healthcare professionals to manage and support the best use of mental health medicines. Boyd believes there should be a focus on prevention, to lessen the burden on the NHS in the future. Pharmacists, particularly those in community, have a “crucial role” to play in this — even if this means just asking how a patient is feeling. She adds: “We believe that if we get mental health support in primary care right, we can help people stay well and be less likely to reach the point of crisis, which is good for individuals, families, communities and the wider health and social care system. ”2016. Available at: (accessed November 2017). [2] Stepping forward to 2020/21: the mental health workforce plan for England.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All space missions are environmentally sustainable with no pollution. [SEP] Text: , Bibri and Krogstie 2020b; Mora and Bolici 2016; Nikitin et al. 2016; Noori et al. 2020; Sinaeepourfard et al. 2016) launched during the early 2010s. A city Wi-Fi can have a significant impact on the communication capabilities of the sensor infrastructure and the data transfer system, which is of utmost importance to the operation and functioning of smart grids and AMIs, as illustrated in Fig. 8. Barcelona has declared its intentions to become the most connected city in the world and is following through on its promise by investing considerably in the IoT infrastructure and thus sensor network for the city (Institute 2018). It has recently become an interesting location for Cisco to open a global innovation center for the IoE paradigm and architecture. In addition, the two cities slightly differ in the degree of their readiness as to the availability and development level of the ICT infrastructure and competencies needed to generate, transmit, process, and analyze data to extract useful knowledge for enhanced decision making and deep insights pertaining to environmental sustainability uses and applications. Barcelona has the best practices in the ICT infrastructure, especially horizontal information platforms, and in the operations centers as a data-oriented competence. It was only recently when the City of Stockholm has established a platform for data collection after realizing the importance of coordinating and orchestrating the plethora of the different systems that constitute the ICT infrastructure (Bibri 2020a). In relation to the SRS project, the City of Stockholm was still in the mid 2010s “working on securing structures and databases for collection of data that can be used to give feedback and inform inhabitants and also sort out a viable business model for the data collection unit” (Kramers et al. 2016, p. 104). Further, Barcelona and Stockholm both have these data-oriented institutional competences: educational centers and training programs, innovation and research centers, and strategic planning and policy offices (e. g. , Bibri 2020a; Bibri and Krogstie 2020a, b; Mora and Bolici 2016; Nikitin et al. 2016; Noori et al. 2020; Kramers et al. 2016).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Circadian rhythms are regulated by light-sensitive proteins. [SEP] Text: As stress-induced senescence has been proposed as one of the mechanisms for tumour suppression [141], the delay in tumorigenesis seen in p53-/- Cry1-/- Cry-/- mice may indicate a switch of DNA damage response to senescence, which in these compound mutants is attributable to insufficiency of Cryptochromes. Cancer chronotherapy Research in chronotherapy, which takes into consideration the biological time to improve treatments, plays an important role in devising new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of cancer [142]. The circadian timing system controls cellular proliferation as well as drug metabolism over 24 hours through molecular clocks, circadian physiology, and the SCN [143]. That is why both the toxicity and efficacy of more than 30 anticancer agents vary by more than 50% as a function of dosing time in experimental models [144]. The administration of a drug at a circadian time when it is best tolerated usually achieves best antitumor activity. This has been reported for antimetabolites, such as arabinofuranosylcytosine, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), or 5-fluorouracil deoxyribonucleoside (FUDR); for intercalating agents such as doxorubicin; and for alkylating drugs such as melphalan or cisplatin [145]. The results obtained by numerical simulations of automaton model for the cell cycle indicate that the least cytotoxic patterns of 5-FU and l-OHP (oxaliplatin) circadian administration match those used clinically. The model also shows that continuous administration of 5-FU and l-OHP has the same effect as the most cytotoxic circadian pattern of drug delivery. Furthermore, the model helps to identify factors that may contribute to explain why temporal patterns corresponding to minimum cytotoxicity for a population of healthy cells could at the same time prove more cytotoxic toward a population of tumour cells [146]. The clinical relevance of chronotherapy is currently being investigated along these lines for the outcome of patients suffering from metastatic breast and pancreatic cancers. Multicenter clinical trials comparing chronomodulated versus conventional therapy are being planned for the adjuvant treatment of colorectal cancer and for head and neck and biliary duct cancers [146]. More phase III trials will be needed to firmly establish chronotherapy in medical oncology.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Social support is crucial for mental health and resilience. [SEP] Text: Books and journals Case studies Publish with us Advanced search Health through Social Support: Building positive and (Repper is at. ) and : 2042-8308 104. Publisher: Copyright © 2015, Whether we work in mental health services or struggle with our own mental health – or that of a family member – we are all aware of the importance of friends and the challenges of making and keeping friends in times of distress. In our practice we are so often challenged by people who say “I just want a girl/boyfriend” or “I can’t go out and do stuff because I don’t want to do it on my own […]”. Family members tell us that they are worried that this person spends all their time alone, does not go anywhere to make friends, refuses to contact old friends or go out. And for myself, I know that at my lowest, I find it difficult to call on friends because I do not want to burden them, I cannot imagine why anyone would want to see me. I have not the capacity to listen to them and I know that I will either speak obsessively about my own feelings or I would not have the energy to even talk. Friends are important, they can offer emotional support, practical help, advice, understanding – and helping us to achieve understanding – of what is going on, they help us to define ourselves, our value and our identity, they connect us with other activities, opportunities, roles and relationships. Indeed it is increasingly recognised that loneliness and isolation carry a mortality risk greater than that of obesity and physical inactivity and on a par with smoking (Holt-Lunstad et al. , 2010). In 2004, Mind reported that 84 per cent of respondents who had used mental health services in the UK felt isolated compared with 29 per cent of the general population. Data from the Office for (2013) shows that people facing mental health challenges are more socially isolated than any other group of disabled people. With these challenges in mind, I was delighted to receive a book on improving mental health through social support and more than willing to review it. was inspired to explore everyday support for people “disadvantaged by their experience of mental health problems” by his experience of working alongside such folk over ten years teaching horticultural skills in a voluntary sector organisation. He recognised the inadequacy of medical and psychological approaches to explain or guide the development of positive and empowering relationships outside services.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All space missions are environmentally sustainable with no pollution. [SEP] Text: Nevertheless, Stockholm has higher degree of the implementation of applied technology solutions in data-driven city management in relation to environmental sustainability compared to Barcelona: The development of applied data-driven solutions for city operational functioning and city development planning in the area of energy and the environment. The establishment of city competences with respect to environmental education, research, innovation, and strategic planning and policy. In relation to number 4 in Fig. 8, Barcelona has invested in smart energy in terms of photovoltaic panels, thermal solar panels, and energy modernization. According to Noori et al. (2020), Barcelona Energia’s energy transition model has the mission of producing a 100% certified renewable energy supply plan through smart energy (Barcelona Self-sufficient 2014–2024). According to de Barcelona (2018), 73 projects for installing solar energy panels in the different parts of the buildings have been established as part of the Program for Promoting Solar-Energy Generation, in addition to the 87 solar energy installations already distributed around the city, as reported by Barcelona Energia. According to Sinaeepourfard et al. (2016), energy monitoring management includes two main categories installed in municipal buildings and solar thermal installations. The data on energy consumption are obtained from the sensors installed in the municipal buildings, and the solar thermal installation aids the city in understanding the solar thermal energy produced and consumed. The number of components, frequency of measure, frequency of sending and updating information, and some other information details are presented in Table 3. Table 3 Energy monitoring managementFull size table Concerning the local production of electricity by renewables, considered to be the first regulations of their kind to be enacted in Europe, Barcelona has required the use of solar water heaters by households since 2006, as well as new large buildings to produce their own domestic hot water since 2000 (Bibri and Krogstie 2020b). For a recent and detailed study on the renewables in Barcelona, the interested reader can be directed to Juniper (2020). On the whole, renewable energy systems are among the key data-driven smart solutions adopted by the City of Barcelona as to supporting its smart grid system. In addition, Barcelona is home to one of the larger electric vehicles (EV) charging networks among the five cities analyzed by Juniper (2020). Like Stockholm, EVs are rapidly gaining mindshare among consumers in Barcelona.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Circadian rhythms are regulated by light-sensitive proteins. [SEP] Text: Contrary to this, some genetic data have also shown negative results for tumorigenesis in clock mutants when challenged with genotoxic stress. This indicates that the effect of circadian clock disruption on cellular response to DNA damage and cancer predisposition may depend on the mechanism by which the clock is disrupted and not on circadian dysregulation itself. However, overall the clock-cancer connection has gained some limited but consistent support from previous studies. is needed to reveal the mechanism behind the loss of circadian control which contributes to disease states at the organ and systemic levels. Finally, the circadian system may serve as a unique system for studying the mechanisms of cancer and for developing novel chronotherapeutic strategies to facilitate the treatment of cancer. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors' contributions SR and SM contributed equally for this review 10. 1038/417329a Reppert, SM; Weaver, DRCoordination of circadian timing in mammals Nature 418: 935–941, DOI: [PubMed] Hastings, MH; Reddy, AB; Maywood, ESA clockwork web: circadian timing in brain and periphery, in health and disease Neurosci 4: 649–661, DOI: [PubMed] Morse, D; Sassone-Corsi, PTime after time: inputs to and outputs from the mammalian circadian oscillators 25: 632–637, DOI: [PubMed] Lowrey, PL; Takahashi, JSMammalian circadian biology: elucidating genome-wide levels of temporal organization Genet 5: 407–441, DOI: [PubMed] Kondratov, RV; Gorbacheva, VY; Antoch, MPThe role of mammalian circadian proteins in normal physiology and genotoxic stress responses 78: 173–216. full_text.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Social support is crucial for mental health and resilience. [SEP] Text: He brings an accessible sociological approach to develop a broad and human(e) understanding of the formal and informal “social support that arises out of the network of friends, family and acquaintances such as neighbours and work colleagues, surrounding an individual”. The book provides a comprehensive analysis of the interactions between mental health problems and social relationships. It articulates the cyclical effect of self-stigmatisation combined with the cognitive and emotional effects of mental health problems on the individuals’ behaviour in relation to others who are also influenced by their pre-conceptions of mental illness and their experiences of relationships with others who have mental health problems. These dynamics can both impair the reciprocal nature of relationships and it can erode the pattern of friendships so that they are displaced or neglected and all too quickly fade away. Leach draws on the personal accounts of people with mental health problems to illustrate the meaning, nature and value of friendships, the need for altruism at times and the two way benefits of relationships even when one party is at their most distressed and might appear to give no return. (initially baulked at the notion of “one way” friendships, I can see that there may be times when it feels this way – to both people involved. ) He demonstrates the importance of social support in every domain of our lives – family, work, education and in communities and goes on to define ways in which social support can be offered and accepted in these domains. This is a helpful, informative and timely book. However, there are some aspects of social support that are glossed over. acknowledges the shortcomings of relationships that are over prescriptive or offer unwelcome or inaccurate advice, I wonder whether evidence of unhelpful social support, damaging relationships and the value of isolation needs to be included. I also feel that the barriers facing professionals in promoting, facilitating and supporting social relationships need to be explored and debated further. Hitherto, professionals have been wary of connecting people with shared interests, common goals and ambitions in case they bring additional burden and stress for each other (implicitly by virtue of having mental health problems). Fear of breaching confidentiality lies at the core of this. If we introduce two people who appear to have similar wishes and could potentially benefit from company in, for example joining a club, going to the cinema or doing an activity together then where do we stand if the relationships turns out to be exploitative or damaging?

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All space missions are environmentally sustainable with no pollution. [SEP] Text: However, smart grid technologies that go hand-in-hand with renewables, such as solar, wind, wave, hydro and geothermal power, are required due to the energy demands of the massive adoption of EVs. This raises the question of how renewable energy should be integrated with the existing grid at scale, and therefore, storage solutions are required, so are mechanisms for decentralized energy generation, sharing, and sale. The IoT can enable new mechanisms for trade on the basis of supply and demand in the energy market. The role of policy in smart sustainable grids and buildings The vision of smart grids proposed by the two cities has triggered a broad range of research, development, and demonstration projects that aim to facilitate the development and modernization of their power grid on the basis of modern technologies. This is justified by the benefits of smart grids, which allow for monitoring, analysis, communication, and control within the energy supply chain to help optimize energy efficiency, curb energy usage conserve energy, maximize the transparency and reliability of the energy supply chain, and decrease costs. Concerning the latter, new data from (2020) has found that the development of smart grids will result in citizens saving $14 billion per annum in energy bills by 2022. This is up from the $3. 4 billion saving estimated for 2017, resulting from smart meter rollouts, energy-saving policies, and sensing technology to improve grid reliability and efficiency. Considering the above benefits, the development of smart grids has resulted from the emergence of new policies in Stockholm and Barcelona, which are essentially concerned with supporting projects of smart grid technologies; subsidizing projects that accelerate efficiency technology adoption; allowing decentralization of energy production; encouraging energy production from renewable sources; promoting multiplication of grid distribution networks; and subsidizing renewable energy integration in power distribution network. The successful implementation of these policies has been essential to addressing barriers to the deployment of smart grids and to meet the emerging challenges, such as climate change, energy security, equity concerns, and privacy protection.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Circadian rhythms are regulated by light-sensitive proteins. [SEP] Text: ; Zumbrunn, G; Fleury-Olela, F; Preitner, N; Schibler, URhythms of mammalian body temperature can sustain peripheral circadian clocks 12: 1574–1583, DOI: [PubMed] Bartness, TJ; Song, CK; efferents to peripheral tissues: implications for biological rhythms J 16: 196–204.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Social support is crucial for mental health and resilience. [SEP] Text: However, we now have much greater opportunity to support the development of friendships and the social support borne out of community integration for those with whom we work. Leach describes the potential benefits of social prescribing in primary care (enabling people to join social groups, clubs and activities of their choice); of personal health budgets and self-directed care. He could go much further than this. As we have seen from papers published in this journal, there are increasing examples of people using mental health services to form peer led, peer run communities, networks and movements and access community activities. “Recovery Rocks” in (Waegeli, 2014) fosters recovery within a peer community and “Prosper” in (Barrett et al. , 2014) offers a self-directed network and movement of over 150 people that is continuously influenced and changed by the skills and energy of its members. in (Walters, 2015) develops community partnerships and co-funds creative projects designed to provide supportive, creative opportunities in communities that enable people to reach their potential and live well in those communities. These are part of a larger social movement in which people with mental health problems are actively creating opportunities for themselves, with others who share similar experiences, to do the things they want to do in their own communities (geographical, cultural, with common interests, backgrounds and ambitions). Whilst these may begin with a strong focus on peer support amongst those with mental health problems, there is clearly evidence that they lead on to extending networks, friendships, valued roles and identities alongside others with similar interests and goals – rather than similar backgrounds and past experiences. Added to this, the development of (Perkins et al. , 2012), where people can learn with and from each other about their own conditions and ways in which they can move on, has led to the overwhelming finding that the main benefit is not so much what they learn about their condition, but about how they perceive themselves, their potential and their value. They develop lasting friendships with fellow students – based on shared experiences, shared interests and shared ambition, just as anyone else would when they attend college. And these relationships take them into the world beyond mental health services, achieving recovery together. So whilst I recommend this book to everyone working in mental health services because it really does provide a convincing account of the importance and benefits of social support.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All space missions are environmentally sustainable with no pollution. [SEP] Text: Policy remains more important than technology to smart sustainable cities. Most of the data-driven smart solutions that are being rolled out are only plasters that fail to address the wider environmental issue of climate change. This implies that policy must be put into place to maximize the benefits of such solutions through more effective measures. Specifically, smart sustainable cities should have a set of specific policies to ensure that progress is made in any area of environmental sustainability where innovative solutions need to be implemented. With reference to SRS, the smart sustainable city “is fundamentally dependent on the initiative by and interest of other actors—that developers see it as relevant to install smart metering devices, that energy companies see it as relevant to provide information about energy use to their customers, that inhabitants see it as relevant to equip their homes with ‘smart’ appliances—and, moreover, that the initiatives of these actors in some way are coordinated so that they can in fact support each other. Otherwise there is a risk that technology is not implemented all the way” (Kramers et al. 2016, p. 99). Policy has a primary role in aligning and mobilizing different stakeholders in the same direction. As stated by Bibri (2019f), political processes represent the set-up under which dynamic networks of urban actors can interact within diverse urban sectors in the development, diffusion, and utilization of knowledge and technology pertaining to data-driven solutions in the context of smart sustainable urbanism. Furthermore, to avoid the failure of the enabling potential of the IoT and big data technologies for improving energy efficiency and hence minimizing the impacts of energy consumption on the environment, it is important to strategically analyze and holistically design policies to ensure that the implementation of data-driven smart solutions make a concrete contribution to the environment. The new policies that aim to encourage or require the use of advanced ICT to mitigate climate change should be evaluated carefully in terms of their ability to absolutely reduce GHG emissions, not merely to slow down their rate of increase. Appropriate policy frameworks can provide the incentives needed to act and innovate to curb energy use and alleviate pollution levels. However, policy tools should include both incentives and prohibitions through a mixture of regulation, co–regulation and self–regulation; top–down and bottom–up approaches to policy development and implementation; and governance arrangements that engage all stakeholders in their roles as citizens and consumers.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Circadian rhythms are regulated by light-sensitive proteins. [SEP] Text:  Saigoh, N; Saigoh, K; Ptacek, LJ; Fu, YHFunctional consequences of a CKI delta mutation causing familial advanced sleep phase syndrome Nature 434: 640–644, DOI: [PubMed] Eide, EJ; Vielhaber, EL; Hinz, WA; Virshup, DMThe circadian regulatory proteins BMAL1 and Cryptochromes are substrates of casein kinase Iε J 277: 17248–17254, DOI: [PubMed] Yang, Y; Cheng, P; Liu, YRegulation of the Neurospora circadian clock by casein kinase II 16: 994–1006, DOI: [PubMed] Yang, Y; Cheng, P; He, Q; Wang, L; Liu, YPhosphorylation of protein by casein kinase II is necessary for the function of the Neurospora circadian clock Biol 23: 6221–6228, DOI: [PubMed] Lin, JM; Kilman, VL; Keegan, K; Paddock, B; Emery-Le, M; Rosbash, M; Allada, RA role for casein kinase 2α in the Drosophila circadian clock Nature 420: 816–820, DOI: [PubMed] Lin, JM; Schroeder, A; Allada, RIn vivo circadian function of casein kinase 2 phosphorylation sites in 25: 11175–11183, DOI: [PubMed] Akten, B; Jauch, E; Genova, GK; Kim, EY; Edery, I; Raabe, T; Jackson, FRA role for CK2 in the Drosophila circadian oscillator 6: 251–257, DOI: [PubMed] Iitaka, C; Miyazaki, K; Akaike, T; Ishida, NA role for glycogen synthase kinase-3β in the mammalian circadian clock J 280: 29397–29402, DOI: [PubMed] Yin, L; Wang, J; Klein, PS; Lazar, MANuclear receptor Rev-erbα is a critical lithium-sensitive component of the circadian clock Science 311: 1002–1005, DOI: [PubMed] Harada, Y; Sakai, M; Kurab

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Social support is crucial for mental health and resilience. [SEP] Text: The mental health of family caregivers: do the complementary roles of personality trait, social support, and resilience matter? Ike1, Nwufo1, Adubi1 DOI: 10. 5603/pmp. 99443 Abstract Background: Caregivers form an integral informal workforce that is usually overlooked, undervalued, and faces challenges such as maintaining optimal well-being and caring roles. This present study investigated the roles of personality, social support, and resilience in the mental health of family caregivers. Participants and methods: The study based on self-report measures of the and Questionnaire adopted a descriptive cross-sectional design. The participants in the study were 250 caregivers. Hierarchical multiple regression was used for data analysis. Results: Results showed that the dimensions of the big five personality traits neuroticism (β = −0. 15, p < 0. 05), extraversion (β = 0. 16, p < 0. 05), openness to experience (β = 0. 17, p < 0. 05), conscientiousness (β = 0. 15, p < 0. 05) and agreeableness (β = 0. 13, p < 0. 05) significantly associated with family caregivers’ mental health. In addition, social support (β = 0. 13, p < 0. 05) and resilience (β = 0. 13, p < 0. 05) were positively associated with the mental health of caregivers. Conclusions: Families, providers of health care, hospital management, and policymakers in the health care sector should take cognizance of these endogenous and exogenous factors (e. g. , social support, personality traits, and resilience) in the development of intervention and support services for both existing and potential health caregivers. This is pertinent since their mental health is dependent on the positive correlation among these variables of interest. Keywords: personality traitssocial supportresiliencefamily caregivers 1969. A systematic review of the association between coping strategies and quality of life among caregivers of children with chronic illness and/or disability. BMC Pediatr. 2019; 19(1): 215–237. : an implementation of an evidence-based caregiver program. Gerontologist. 2018; 58(2): e130–e137. The impact of both spousal caregivers' and care recipients' health on relationship satisfaction in the Effects Study. J Health Psychol. 2019; 24(12): 1744–1755. .

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All space missions are environmentally sustainable with no pollution. [SEP] Text: In connection with the study conducted to evaluate the energy efficiency potential in the City of Stockholm mentioned earlier, Shahrokni et al. (2014b) found that the least energy-efficient buildings in the city are those built between 1926 and 1945 in contradiction to commonly held beliefs, and the large number of buildings constructed between 1946 and 1975 have poor energy performance. Their findings indicate the need for a shift in public policy towards the buildings with highest retrofitting potential. This applies to Barcelona as well. Indeed, to enable the full enabling potential of advanced iCT requires designing and implementing a number of policies. These include rewarding the best–in–class buildings’ owners and operators; incentivizing operators to retrofit their buildings, providing funding schemes to owners to invest in BMS, subsidizing design and district development projects supporting energy efficiency technology adoption; developing energy efficiency building assessment tools; regulating the application of automation measures in the construction of buildings, developing strategic alliances between city governments and industries, and so froth. Environmental monitoring: air and noise pollution to 2018 Index (EPI), Sweden stood out for high scores in air quality among the world’s five most environmentally friendly countries (Buder 2019). leads in Sweden given its progressive environmental performance and strong environmental policy. of Stockholm has made substantial efforts towards meeting its climate change commitments, including a GHG emission target of 3 t per capita by 2020 and making SRS a candidate of Initiative’s Program (Shahrokni et al. 2014b). SRS as a world–class environmental city district has set three ambitious environmental goals (2020): 1. To reduce CO2 emissions from 4. 5 t in 2008 to a level below 1. 5 t per inhabitant by 2020. 2. To be fossil fuel–free and climate + by 2030. 3. To be adapted to a changed climate, i. e. , increasing precipitation. One of the key strategies of the environmental program for SRS to achieve the aforementioned energy goals is “resource efficiency and climate responsibility” (2020). The focus of this strategy is to develop SRS as a district that strives for a fossil-fuel-free and low-resource future. Energy flows are designed to minimize environmental and climate impacts. In addition, the local production of electricity through solar panels is required due to the awareness that GHG emissions in Stockholm mostly come from heating (42%) and electricity (20%) (Bibri 2020a).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Circadian rhythms are regulated by light-sensitive proteins. [SEP] Text: ayashi, N; Hirota, T; Fukada, YSer-557-phosphorylated mCRY2 is degraded upon synergistic phosphorylation by glycogen synthase kinase-3β J 280: 31714–31721, DOI: [PubMed] Lamia, KA; Sachdeva, UM; DiTacchio, L; Williams, EC; Alvarez, JG; Egan, DF; Vasquez, DS; Juguilon, H; Panda, S; Shaw, RJ; Thompson, CB; regulates the circadian clock by cryptochrome phosphorylation and degradation Science 326: 437–440, DOI: [PubMed] Vieira, E; Nilsson, EC; Nerstedt, A; Ormestad, M; Long, YC; Garcia-Roves, PM; Zierath, JR; Mahlapuu, MRelationship between AMPK and the transcriptional balance of clock-related genes in skeletal muscle Metab 295: 1032–1037, DOI: Partch, CL; Shields, KF; Thompson, CL; Selby, CP; Sancar, APosttranslational regulation of the mammalian circadian clock by cryptochrome and protein phosphatase 5 103: 10467–10472, DOI: [PubMed] Rivers, A; Gietzen, KF; Vielhaber, E; Virshup, DMRegulation of casein kinase Iε and casein kinase Iδ by an in vivo futile phosphorylation cycle J 273: 15980–15984, DOI: [PubMed] Cegielska, A; Gietzen, KF; Rivers, A; Virshup, DMAutoinhibition of casein kinase Iε (CKIε) is relieved by protein phosphatases and limited proteolysis J 273: 1357–1364, DOI: [PubMed] Eide, EJ; Woolf, MF; Kang, H; Woolf, P; Hurst, W; Camacho, F; Vielhaber, EL; Giovanni, A; Virshup, DMControl of mammalian circadian rhythm by CKIε-regulated proteasome-mediated PER2 degradation Biol 25: 2795–2807, DOI: [PubMed] Shirogane,

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Social support is crucial for mental health and resilience. [SEP] Text: Caregiving for older adults and the caregivers’ health: an epidemiologic review. Rep. 2016; 3(1): 72–80. Psychological distress and burden of care among family caregivers of patients with mental illness in a neuropsychiatric outpatient clinic in Nigeria. PLoS One. 2021; 16(5): e0250309. . Informal caregiving and its impact on health: a reappraisal from population-based studies. Gerontologist. 2015; 55(2): 309–319. . The intersection of family caregiving and work: labor force participation, productivity, and caregiver well-being. Work. 2019: 399–413. Changing structures and processes to support family caregivers of seriously ill patients. J Palliat Med. 2018; 21(S2): S36–S42. Community versus family support in caregiving of older adults: implications for social work practitioners in South-East Nigeria. Family. 2021; 25(2): 152–173. Family caregivers' awareness and perceived access to formal support care services available for older adults in Enugu State, Nigeria. Soc Work. 2022; 12(2): 12–27. Quality of life and mental health in mothers and fathers caring for children and adolescents with rare diseases requiring long-term mechanical ventilation. . 2020; 17(23): 8975. . Family care, social services, and living arrangements factors influencing psychosocial well-being of elderly from selected households in Ibadan, Nigeria. Intern. 2011: 1–6. Challenges faced by informal caregivers of patients in a Nigerian hospital and implications for social work. J Soc Work. 2022; 22(5): 1189–1206. Exploring the benefits of respite services to family caregivers: methodological issues and current findings. Health. 2017; 21(3): 224–231. . Mental health and well-being of caregivers: a review of the literature. Indian Psychol. 2016; 3(4): 98–105. CrossRef Hernández- Mental health and well-being of university students: a bibliometric mapping of the literature. Front Psychol. 2020; 11: 1226. önig HH, Hajek A. Consequences of different types of informal caregiving for mental, self-rated, and physical health: longitudinal findings from the Survey. Res. 2018; 27(10): 2667–2679. .

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All space missions are environmentally sustainable with no pollution. [SEP] Text: However, there are a number of barriers to adopting data-driven smart solutions and realizing the full opportunity of GHG emissions reductions, especially in relation to buildings. However, the use of ICT in the SRS project pertains mainly to its role in and potential for reaching the environmental targets set by the SRS district as part of the digital city plan developed for this purpose (Bibri and Krogstie 2020a; Kramers et al. 2016). In short, it is largely associated with environmental planning. The interview showed that the database systems for collecting the environmental data on SRS were secured and used to inform the residents about different aspects of energy and GHG emissions. The strategic implementation of ICT was brought in to SRS by the environmental program for the City of Stockholm, which requires the district to be smart in the area of environmental sustainability (Bibri 2020a, b). Among the smart sustainable solutions implemented by SRS are the establishment of digitalized monitoring and feedback processes (e. g. , the IoT and visualization) (2017). With respect to the IoT, one of Stockholm’s main domains is air pollution, in addition to smart grids, smart lighting, smart traffic, and environmental policies. The small–scale tests performed within the different areas of the city to see if smart technologies work have been converted into pilot projects within these domain (Johansson 2018). With respect to air pollution, the sensors connected to the city’s Wi-Fi network report in real-time the air pollution level concentrated in particular urban environments and provide real-time information about the air quality in the city. The IoT has great potential to improve air quality. This is usually achieved by deploying and setting up stations for environmental monitoring across the city, as well as mounting sensors on bike wheels and cars for measuring the air quality. The collected data can be used to make inferences about the quality of the air. Then the outcome can be transferred to the decision-making unit for implementing pollution preventive measures to remove different types of pollutants detrimental to public health. The air quality monitors are operated by regulatory agencies, citizens, as well as researchers to investigate the air quality and the effects of air pollution. Commonly, the interpretation and analysis of ambient air monitoring data involves a consideration of the spatial and temporal representativeness of the data gathered, and the health effects or risks associated with the exposure to the monitored levels.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Circadian rhythms are regulated by light-sensitive proteins. [SEP] Text:  T; Jin, J; Ang, XL; β- TRCP controls clock-dependent transcription via casein kinase 1-dependent degradation of the mammalian period-1 (Per1) protein J 280: 26863–26872, DOI: [PubMed] Cardone, L; Hirayama, J; Giordano, F; Tamaru, T; Palvimo, JJ; Sassone-Corsi, PCircadian clock control by SUMOylation of BMAL1 Science 309: 1390–1394, DOI: [PubMed] microarray analyses of circadian timing: the genomic basis of biological time J Neuroendocrinol 15: 991–1002, DOI: [PubMed] Hunt, T; Sassone-Corsi, PRiding tandem: Circadian clocks and the cell cycle Cell 129: 461–464, DOI: [PubMed] Matsuo, T; Yamaguchi, S; Mitsui, S; Emi, A; Shimoda, F; Okamura, HControl mechanism of the circadian clock for timing of cell division in vivo Science 302: 255–259, DOI: [PubMed] Fu, L; Pelicano, H; Liu, J; Huang, P; Lee, CThe circadian gene Period2 plays an important role in tumor suppression and DNA damage response in vivo Cell 111: 41–50, DOI: [PubMed] Oishi, K; Miyazaki, K; Kadota, K; Kikuno, R; Nagase, T; Atsumi, G; Ohkura, N; Azama, T; Mesaki, M; Yukimasa, S; Kobayashi, H; Iitaka, C; Umehara, T; Horikoshi, M; Kudo, T; Shimizu, Y; Yano, M; Monden, M; Machida, K; Matsuda, J; Horie, S; Todo, T; Ishida, NGenome-wide expression analysis of mouse liver reveals CLOCK-regulated circadian output genes J 278: 41519–41527, DOI: [PubMed] Nyberg, KA; Michelson, RJ; Putnam, CW; Weinert, TAToward maintaining the genome: DNA damage and replication checkpoints Genet 36: 617–656, DOI: [

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Social support is crucial for mental health and resilience. [SEP] Text: Impact of informal caregiving on caregivers' subjective well-being in China: a longitudinal study. Health. 2023; 81(1): 209–227. . Distinct impacts of high intensity caregiving on caregivers' mental health and continuation of caregiving. Rev. 2017; 7(1): 15. Personality traits and dimensions of mental health. Sci Rep. 2023; 13(1): 7091. Do big five personality traits moderate the effects of stressful life events on health trajectories? Evidence from the health and retirement study. . 2021; 76(1): 44–55. The relationship between big five personality and social well-being of chinese residents: the mediating effect of social support. Front Psychol. 2020; 11: 613659. . Personality in adulthood. Guilford Press. 2003. Personality and psychological well-being among cancer caregivers at the Uganda cancer institute and mbarara regional referral hospital. . 2022; 5(3): 62–75. . Big five personality traits and predicting mental health among Iranian older adults. Med. 2022; 8(2): 1–10. CrossRefPubMed Löckenhoff Five-factor personality traits and subjective health among caregivers: the role of caregiver strain and self-efficacy. Psychol Aging. 2011; 26(3): 592–604. van Lieshout CFM, van Aken MAG. Relations between big five personality characteristics and perceived support in adolescents' families. J Psychol. 2004; 86(4): 615–628. Hope uniquely predicts objective academic achievement above intelligence, personality, and previous academic achievement. J Res Personal. 2010; 44(4): 550–553. CrossRef Muñoz--Mota S, et al. Relationship of perceived social support with mental health in older caregivers. . 2020; 17(11): 3886. . When is received social support related to perceived support and well-being? When it is needed. Differ. 2015; 77: 97–105. Family relations, social connections, and mental health among Latino and Asian older adults. Res Aging. 2015; 37(2): 123–147. . Informal and formal social support and caregiver burden: the AGES caregiver survey. J Epidemiol. 2016; 26(12): 622–628. CrossRefPubMed Kort-Butle LA.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All space missions are environmentally sustainable with no pollution. [SEP] Text: pollutants as atmospheric substances—especially anthropogenic—have negative impacts on the environment, as well as pose a high environmental risk to human health, so too is noise pollution, both direct and indirect. Noise pollution denotes harmful outdoor sound with road traffic being the greatest contributor. The demand for the smart systems that monitor the quality of the environment has increased due to the elevation of pollutants in the atmosphere The escalating urbanization trend leads to the environmental degradation of the air. Nevertheless, new and emerging technologies allow a real-time tracking of the various substances in the air and applying preventive measures in a timely manner. For a city to have the best air quality, it must significantly reduce GHG emissions from its energy and transport sectors, and to become zero-carbon. According to the Program for Barcelona, the city has to achieve a significant objective: the definition of a new development model for a healthy and hyper-connected city with zero emissions “where the environment, urban planning, and ICT infrastructures are fully integrated” and characterized by “productive neighborhoods at a human pace” (Mora and Bolici 2016, p. 4). Many recent studies on Barcelona focus on the impacts of energy consumption on the environment, control over transport flows and their effects on the noise level, and car exhaust gases (Bibri and Krogstie 2020b; Nikitin et al. 2016). In Barcelona, the solutions devised for control over air pollution entail the analysis of the data collected from sensors on the level of air pollution in the different districts of the city to alleviate it. And the solutions devised for noise pollution control involve the analysis of the data collected from sensors on the level of noise pollution for planning of work to reduce it. The environment monitoring system is based on the data automatically collected from the sensors installed across the city. It has been implemented in the framework of a pilot project, and allows users to collect data about the noise level, air pollution, temperature, and humidity by special sensors, which are transmitted via Wi-Fi network in real-time mode to social centers (Nikitin et al. 2016). The recorded data is used to analyze the effects of the measures taken or the impact of the solutions adopted to improve the environmental conditions of the city, compile further programs for environment protection, and identify the areas where further actions are to be undertaken (Bibri and Krogstie 2020b).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Circadian rhythms are regulated by light-sensitive proteins. [SEP] Text: PubMed] Sancar, A; Lindsey-Boltz, LA; Unsal-Kacmaz, K; Linn, SMolecular mechanisms of mammalian DNA repair and the DNA damage checkpoints Biochem 73: 39–85, DOI: [PubMed] Hogenesch, JB; Panda, S; Kay, S; Takahashi, JSCircadian transcriptional output in the SCN and liver of the mouse Symp 253: 171–180.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Social support is crucial for mental health and resilience. [SEP] Text: Social support theory: The encyclopaedia of juvenile delinquency and justice. Wiley Blackwell. 2017: 819–823. . Social networks and mental health among older Europeans: are there age effects? Ageing. 2015; 12(4): 299–309. Structural equation modeling of parkinson's caregiver social support, resilience, and mental health: a strength-based perspective. Int. 2020: 7906547. . Depression, social support, and mental health: a longitudinal mediation analysis in custodial grandmothers. Dev. 2016; 82(2–3): 166–187. Resilience level, its determinants and its effect on psychological well-being: A cross-sectional evaluation among school-going adolescents of Patna, Bihar, India. Med J. 2022; 29(1): 29–35. . The role of ego control and ego resiliency in the organization of behavior. In: Collins WA. ed. symposium on child psychology. Development of cognition, affect, and social relations, Hillsdale NJ 1980: 89–101. Feldman R. Social behavior as a transdiagnostic marker of resilience. Clin Psychol. 2021; 17(1): 153–180. . Indicators of resilience in family members of adults with serious mental illness. North Am. 2015; 38(1): 131–146. CrossRefPubMed Raosoft. Size Calculator. Raosoft, Inc. 2004:. (30. 11. 2023). John OP, Srivastava S. Five trait taxonomy: history, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. In:. ed. Handbook of personality: theory and research. 2nd ed. Guilford, 1999: 102–138. Gender differences, personality traits and mental health among secondary school adolescents in Enugu, Nigeria. Dis J. 2015; 4(41): 83–146. The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. J Personal Ass. 1988; 52(1): 30–41. Informal caregiving burden and perceived social support in an acute stroke care facility. Life Outcomes. 2018; 16(1): 57. . Development and psychometric evaluation of the resilience scale. J Nurs Meas. 1993; 1(2): 165–178. . Role of resilience and quality of life among caregivers of intellectually challenged children and adolescents in a dwindling economy. J Resourcefuland Distinction.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All space missions are environmentally sustainable with no pollution. [SEP] Text: From a technical perspective, the Sentilo platform, as mentioned earlier, collects the city data provided by the network of sensors for city management. Up till 2016, there were almost 1800 sensors installed as part of the Sentilo platform in Barcelona, monitoring data about different areas, including noise monitoring (Sinaeepourfard et al. 2016). Noise monitoring management detects any kind of noise and acoustic pollution data using about 50 sensors deployed in the city and installed in seven different urban areas. The number of components, frequency of measure, frequency of sending and updating information, and some other information details are presented in Table 4. The smart noise control solution implemented in Barcelona enables to optimize and centralize the collection, integration, processing, and dissemination of information by the noise sensors of different suppliers and sound level meters distributed throughout the city (Bibri and Krogstie 2020b). Table 4 Noise monitoring managementFull size table As stated by Sinaeepourfard et al. (2016), air monitoring is part of urban lab monitoring management, which provides a variety of services related to the air, temperature, humidity, and other transportation issues. The active sensors recording the relative and appropriate information for the services are spread in the different zones of Barcelona for obtaining the accurate data for services. Table 5 presents only the data for the air quality. The sensors provide real-time information about the air quality in the city. Table 5 Airmonitoring managementFull size table However, due to the challenges of enacting environmental monitoring, the collection of information of various types about the state of the environment does not guarantee a maximized effect of the use of this information. This opens up wide prospects for further developing environmental monitoring technologies and enhancing their applications in the future. The current challenge lies in the effective integration of multiple environmental data sources originating from different environmental networks and institutions, which requires specialized observation equipment, tools, techniques, and models to establish air pollutant concentrations at different spatial and temporal scales. Among the technologies implemented in Barcelona for environmental monitoring include: (CMAQ) modeling system, Real-time Index (AQI), NMMB/BSC-OMI (Instrument), (ANN) to forecast PM10 daily concentration (Nikitin et al. 2016).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Circadian rhythms are regulated by light-sensitive proteins. [SEP] Text: full_text.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Social support is crucial for mental health and resilience. [SEP] Text: 2019; 17(1): 1–15. Psychometric properties of the positive mental health scale (PMH-Scale). BMC Psychol. 2016; 4(8): 27–39. . Quality of life and associated factors among family caregivers of individuals with psychiatric illness at 2020. Sci Rep. 2022; 12(1): 18550. . M (2009). Introduction to probability and statistics. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole, 2009. . The five-factor theory of personality. In:. ed. Handbook of personality: Theory and research 2008; 3rd ed. 2008: 159–181. . Neuroticism and depressive symptoms among spouse caregivers: do health behaviors mediate this relationship? Psychol Aging. 2003; 18(3): 587–592. Personality traits, quality of life and perceived health in adolescents with congenital heart disease. Psychol Health. 2013; 28(3): 319–335. Model personality traits and all-cause mortality in the Study cohort. Psychosom Med. 2009; 71(6): 631–641. . The big five personality traits, perfectionism and their association with mental health among UK students on professional degree programmes. BMC Psychol. 2020; 8(1): 54. . Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. Am Psychol. 2000; 55(1): 68–78. . The correlation of social support with mental health: a meta-analysis. Electron Physician. 2017; 9(9): 5212–5222. CrossRefPubsite uses cookies We use cookies on our website. We use them to ensure the proper functioning of the site and, if you give us your consent, for purposes we set, such as analytics or marketing. We would like to ask your permission to store them on your device. We will not run optional cookies until you have enabled them yourself. If you would like to learn more about how cookies work and how we process personal data related to them, please visit our page Allow all Reject all Allow selection About cookies Necessary cookies Allways active These cookies are necessary for the proper display and operation of the website. Blocking them may cause the website to malfunction. Analytical cookies As part of our website, we use analytical tools, such as Google Analytics, that allow us to verify website traffic. These tools may require the use of cookies.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All space missions are environmentally sustainable with no pollution. [SEP] Text: 2015a, b) it is based on: the integration of high-quality (up to real-time), siloed, heterogenous data streams in urban environments; high temporal resolution in the sense of processing energy and material flows in a real-time calculation engine to provide real-time data on energy consumption, GHG emissions, water consumption, material consumption, and waste production; high spatial resolution in the sense of simultaneously providing the UM on several levels of urbanism, from the city down to the household; and the continuous illustration of energy and material flows to city officials, organizations, and citizens through real-time feedback (visualizations) tailored to each stakeholder level, from the household to the urban district. Smart sustainable cities are increasingly utilizing urban dashboards in the operations and management tasks of their complex UM. These intelligent systems aid in monitoring the dynamics of the city, integrating numerous sensors and big data analysis technologies with the aim of optimizing the infrastructures and services of the city and maintaining its robustness. However, important to note is that the focus of this paper is on energy flows and related environmental issues. These flows, detailed in Table 6, are collected on the lowest level possible, starting at the household, then aggregated to the building level, and finally to the district level. Table 2 includes only local flows of energy related to electricity consumption, heating and cooling consumption, and on/site generation; fuel consumption; and on-side energy production as relevant to this paper. Table 6 Data sources for energy for developing SUM: Adapted from Shahrokni et al. (2015a)Full size tableShahrokni et al. (2015b) present the first implementation of SUM in the Smart Eco-City SRS R&D project, and further analyze some challenges and barriers to this implementation and discuss the potential long-term implications of the findings. Four key performance indicators (KPIs) are generated in real time based on the integration of heterogeneous, real–time data sources, namely: 1. Kilowatt–hours per square meter 2. Carbon dioxide equivalents per capita 3. Kilowatt–hours of primary energy per capita 4. Share of renewables percentage. These KPIs are fed back on three levels (household, building, and district) on four interfaces developed for different audiences. Table 7 provides an overview of current smart urban metabolism feedback metrics.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Circadian rhythms are regulated by light-sensitive proteins. [SEP] Text: [PubMed] You, Z; Saims, D; Chen, S; Zhang, Z; Guttridge, DC; Guan, KL; MacDougald, OA; Brown, AM; Evan, G; Kitajewski, J; Wang, CYWnt signaling promotes oncogenic transformation by inhibiting c-Myc-induced apoptosis J 157: 429–440, DOI: [PubMed] Pucci, B; Kasten, M; Giordano, ACell cycle and apoptosis Neoplasia 2: 291–299, DOI: [PubMed] Evan, GI; Vousden, KHProliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis in cancer Nature 411: 342–348, DOI: [PubMed] Vafa, O; Wade, M; Kern, S; Beeche, M; Pandita, TK; Hampton, GM; Wahl, GMc-Myc can induce DNA damage, increase reactive oxygen species, and mitigate p53 function: a mechanism for oncogene-induced genetic instability 9: 1031–1044, DOI: [PubMed] Sheen, JH; Dickson, RBOverexpression of c-Myc alters G1-S arrest following ionizing radiation Biol 22: 1819–1833, DOI: [PubMed] Vafa, O; Wade, M; Kern, S; Beeche, M; Pandita, TK; Hampton, GM; Wahl, GMc-Myc can induce DNA damage, increase reactive oxygen species, and mitigate p53 function: a mechanism for ontogeny-induced genetic instability 9: 1031–1044, DOI: [PubMed] Roy, PG; Thompson, AMCyclin D1 and breast cancer Breast 15: 718–727, DOI: [PubMed] Gréchez-Cassiau, A; Rayet, B; Guillaumond, F; Teboul, M; Delaunay, FThe circadian clock component BMAL1 is a critical regulator of p21WAF1/CIP1 expression and hepatocyte proliferation J 283: 4535–4542, DOI: [PubMed] Antoch, MP; Kondratov, RVCircadian proteins and genotoxic stress response 106: 68–78, DOI: [PubMed]

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Social support is crucial for mental health and resilience. [SEP] Text: ViewpointAmy Rayland1, MSc Jacob Andrews1,2,3, PhD 1of School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom2for Health and Co-operative, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom3for Health and of Mental Health, University of :for Health and Co-operativeInstitute of Mental HealthUniversity of 7 2TUUnited KingdomPhone: 44 1157484 218Email: jacob. andrews@nottingham. ac. ukAbstractAn increasing number of psychological interventions are shifting to online modes of delivery. One such intervention is peer-to-peer support, which in this context may provide internet users living with mental health disorders an opportunity to connect with and support others living with similar conditions. This paper presents a call for further research into how platforms such as Facebook could be used as channels for peer support and the mechanisms that may underlie their effectiveness. We discuss the background of peer support, how it has transitioned online, and consider theories and models that may have relevance. We also consider the importance of moderation within online peer support and the development of specific social network–based online interventions. We conclude that for social network sites to be used as peer-to-peer support interventions, more research is needed to understand their effectiveness, the role of moderation in these communities, and the mechanisms that produce the benefits experienced by users. 2023;10:e41855doi:10. 2196/41855Keywordspeer-to-peer support; Facebook; social networking sites; mental health; moderation IntroductionMental illness can be described as “health conditions that involve changes in emotions, thinking or behavior (or a combination of these)” [1]. Mental illnesses range from “common mental disorders” (CMDs), such as depression and anxiety, to psychotic and personality disorders [2]. Research indicates that 1 in 6 adults in England had a CMD in 2014 [3], and recent evidence suggests that the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have exacerbated mental illness, with almost 1 in 5 adults in the experiencing some form of depression in 2021 [4]. Furthermore, 16% of children younger than 16 years were identified as having a probable mental health disorder in the same period [5]. Mental illnesses have a significant impact on quality of life, social functioning, work, and family activities.

Output: corroborate