Input: Claim: Recycled fabrics can replace every type of material used in fashion. [SEP] Text: It is expected that the results obtained from this study will promote the use of recycled fiber or recycled fiber combination in swimwear fabric through circular economy approaches. 1070. Khulbe R, Athalye A. Developments in recycling of polyester textile waste. Text Eng. 2023;8(2):1084. . 14 - Recycled fibres from polyester and nylon waste. In: Rajkishore Nayak, editor. for Fashion and Textile Manufacturing. Woodhead Publishing; 2023:309–332. ISBN 9780128240526. Fibres and Textile Recycling: An overview of the Market and its possibilities for in Switzerland, Commissioned by the for the Environment (FOEN) December 2017. . Recycled fibers: An overview. of Fiber and Textile Research. 2014;4(4):77–82. Leonas KK. The use of recycled fibers in fashion and home products. In: Muthu S, editor. Textiles and Clothing Sustainability. . Singapore: Springer; 2017. Arafat Y, Uddin AJ. Recycled fibers from pre- and post-consumer textile waste as blend constituents in manufacturing 100% cotton yarns in ring spinning: A sustainable and eco-friendly approach. Heliyon. 2022;8(11). Sharma R, Goel A. Development of nonwoven fabric from recycled fibers. J Eng. 2017;7:2. Circular economy and sustainability of the clothing and textile ındustry. Econ. 2021;3:12.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The detection of gases like methane on exoplanets is often seen as strong evidence of life. [SEP] Text: This work has been carried out within the framework of the of Competence in Research PlanetS supported by the Science Foundation. S. P. Q. acknowledges the financial support of the SNSF. This research has made use of the database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. This research has made use of the maintained at the U. S. Naval Observatory. The manuscript was substantially improved following helpful comments from an anonymous referee. 2001. 06683] [1912. 06219] [2. 3) as well as for three different scenarios in different shadings: (1) median exozodiacal dust level of 3 zodi and interferometric baseline length optimization for the center of the opt HZ, (2) median exozodiacal dust level of 3 zodi and interferometric baseline length optimization for the center of the con HZ, and (3) median exozodiacal dust level of 12 zodi and interferometric baseline length optimization for the center of the opt HZ. The top row is based on the hab2min and the bottom row is based on the hab2max planet populations (see Sect. 2. 2), while the left, middle, and right columns show the predicted yields for the 1, 2, and 3. 5 m mirrors, respectively. In the text Fig. 5Same as Fig. 4, but for the sample of FGK-type stars. In the text Fig. 6Observed stars as a function of the distance for the sample of Sun-like stars. Each of the six panels shows the total number of stars in gray and the number of observed stars for two different scenarios: (1) median exozodiacal dust level of 3 zodi and interferometric baseline length optimization for the center of the opt HZ in dark orange, and (2) the same, but with a median exozodiacal dust level of 12 zodi in light orange. The top row is based on the hab2min and the bottom row is based on the hab2max planet populations (see Sect. 2. 2), while the left, middle, and right columns show the predicted yields for 1, 2, and 3. 5 m mirrors, respectively. In the text Fig. 7Predicted planet yield for each individual star.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Virtual labs and simulations can enhance science and tech learning online. [SEP] Text: Creating a Lab (VSL): the adoption of virtual labs in Saudi schools access Published: 14 September 2018 Creating a Lab (VSL): the adoption of virtual labs in Saudi schools Khulood Aljuhani1, Marwa Sonbul2, Mashail Althabiti2 & …Maram Meccawy2 Show authors Environments 14. 2% were students, and 8. 4% were parents. The results from the second section of the questionnaire indicated that 88. 3% of schools in have a science lab, with 41. 9% of those labs having space and conditions that are only slightly appropriate for the number of students and 29. 1% having space and conditions that were not appropriate at all for the number of students. Furthermore, 59. 9% of the participants sometimes used the school lab to do experiments and 20. 3% said that they had never conducted a laboratory experiment in the school lab. When asked about the issues that hinder the conducting of experiments in the school labs, the answers were varied. Seventy-three percent of the responses spoke about the lack of laboratory equipment and materials, 44. 4% about the short lecture time, 42. 5% about the large number of students in a class, and 33. 8% about the length of the science curriculum. In the last section, the questionnaire defined the virtual laboratory concept and their advantages to make sure that all participants have the same idea about the virtual laboratories and then they were asked about VLs. The results showed that only 17. 9% had used a VL before, but 54. 1% believed that employing VLs in science education would enhance the learning process and increase students’ grades. When the participants were asked about the differences between virtual and real laboratories, 71. 2% spoke of the ability to perform risky experiments in a safe environment in VLs, while 49. 2% indicated the ability of students to re-conduct experiments remotely multiple times, 41. 3% pointed to the synchronization between theoretical and empirical learning, and 31. 6% suggested that the VL system could help teachers evaluate students’ performances electronically and guide students in conducting experiments. InterviewsTo support the survey results, six structured interviews with selected science teachers in Saudi Arabia, but four of them did not cooperate because of either school policies or their time.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Eco-friendly fashion is just as accessible globally as conventional fashion options. [SEP] Text: 0% of the Bokbunja sludge extract concentration, reduction potential stabilized at below -550 mV was maintained for 13 days while remianed for 11 days at 2. 0%. This indicates that the indigo vat stabilized at −550 ~ −600 mV can be used repeatedly as long as it maintains reducing power. In the case of sodium dithionite (0. 45 g ~ 1. 0 g/l), the reduction potential generated was stabilized at −550 ~ −600 mV (data not shown). It was considered that the reducing power of the Bokbunja sludge extract was comparable to sodium dithionite. In addition, considering that the requisite reduction potential of indigo lies approximately -600 mV (Bozic and Kokol, 2008), the Bokbunja sludge extract can be an alternative choice to sodium dithionite as a reducing agent in indigo dyeing processes. Figure 2 Changes in reduction potential depending on the bokbunja sludge extract concentration. Full size imageFigure 3 The effect of bokbunja sludge extract concentration on the stability of reduction medium. Full size imageColor yieldThe reaction medium obtained resulted from the reduction process was used as a dyebath at 60°C. The quality of dyeing was evaluated at different concentration by measuring the color yield parameter (K/S value). The results are presented in Figure 4. At 0. 1% of the extract, K/S value was 2. 18 and this level of concentration was considered to be too low to give sufficient reducing power. All curves have basically the same shape irrespective of the extract concentration. They are composed of two parts. In the first part within one or two days, it is noted a sharp increasing of color yield which attained maximum K/S values about 7. 83, 13. 22, 11. 55 and 13. 30 at 0. 5, 1. 0, 2. 0 and 3. 0% of the extract, respectively. In the second part of the curves, a rapid decreasing of the color yield as time extended. It was considered that reduction potential should be evolved at least -550 mV for triggering reduction reaction and attaining color yield. Figure 4 Time-based changes in K/S values depending on the extract concentration.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The detection of gases like methane on exoplanets is often seen as strong evidence of life. [SEP] Text: Left: average number of detected planets for each observed Sun-like star, sorted by distance, for the hab2max planet population with a median exozodiacal dust level of 3 zodi and observed with 2 m mirrors. The spectral type is encoded in color, and the detection completeness is shown as a solid black line on the secondary y-axis. Right: same, but for the average number of detected planets normalized by the observing time in days. In the text Fig. 8Predicted planet yield for the Sun-like and FGK-type stars as a function of the mirror diameter D from 1 m to 3. 5 m in steps of 0. 25 m. We show from left to right the predicted planet yields for the opt HZ, the con HZ, and the exo-Earth candidates, for the hab2max planet population with a median exozodiacal dust level of 3 zodi. The data points for the Sun-like and FGK-type stars are slightly offset to the left and right, respectively, to increase their visibility. We overlay in solid and dashed black the power-laws fit to the data with the best-fit power-law exponent shown in the legend. The wavelength range and the total throughput are kept constant at 4–18. 5 µm and 5%, respectively. In the text Fig. 9Same as Fig. 8, but for different mission and astrophysical parameters. The mirror size is kept constant at 2 m. The top three panels show the predicted yield as a function of the total throughput T from 1% to 19% in steps of 2%. The middle three panels show the predicted planet yield as a function of the exozodiacal dust level z from 1 zodi to 1000 zodi in logarithmic steps of log10(∆z) ~ 0. 3. The bottom three panels show the predicted planet yield for different wavelength ranges. In the latter case, the overlaid power laws are functions of the width W of the wavelength range, and the x-axes do not scale linearly with W. In the text Fig. 10Average number of simulated (left) and detectable (right) habitable planets for the LIFE mission obtained by coupling our simulations with the probabilistic habitability assessment tool (Zsom 2015). A habitable planet is here defined as a planet on which liquid surface water can exist.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Virtual labs and simulations can enhance science and tech learning online. [SEP] Text: However, two interviews were conducted: one in a public school in the city of Yanbu and the other in the Dar-Alfikr, which is a private school in Jeddah. These interviews aimed to collect specific information about science education in Saudi schools from their work experience and examine the advantages and drawbacks of using VLs instead of the schools’ HOLs. The results of the interviews were consistent with the responses to the questionnaire as both teachers confirmed that the time allotted to science lectures is an issue when conducting experiments in the laboratory, especially with a large number of students. Also, they spoke about how students’ lack of knowledge regarding the risks associated with some chemical materials and how to deal with a fire or an explosion could cause them harm. Due to this, they strongly supported the idea of using the VSL in middle schools as it would be a safe alternative to the HOLs. They also mentioned that the lack of technology and the loss of internet connectivity in schools could hinder the use of VLs, however, and the need for training programs to train teachers in how to deal with this type of lab. Moreover, both agreed that the frequent use of VLs might lead to a lack of real interactions with laboratory tools. The VSL will allow students to conduct experiments individually and frequently anytime, anywhere. It will also provide additional experiments in different science subjects to support the teaching of science subjects and students’ understanding. Furthermore, it will enable teachers to set laboratory tests and monitor their students’ performance. The proposed virtual science lab systemThe primary objective of creating the VSL was to facilitate science’s educational process by moving the whole environment from reality to virtual. This transition includes replacing heavy equipment with graphical tools, which are easier and faster to move with drag and drop features. Also, the VSL needs technical support instead of a science technician. Furthermore, the VSL uses technical equipment, such as computers, internet components, and specialized software, which costs much less than the equipment used in HOLs. The VSL is a web-based platform designed to introduce a safe and interactive lab environment to students in middle schools in Saudi Arabia. It creates a virtual learning space that enables students to conduct experiments individually or in groups interactively via the internet. It also facilitates the science teaching process by providing communication and cooperation tools for teachers and their students, much like any e-learning system.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Virtual reality (VR) therapy is used to treat phobias through controlled exposure therapy. [SEP] Text: That is, with a proviso that research be undertaken to maximize the potential and effectiveness of olfaction as a variable in any form of virtual reality exposure therapy. The authors have reviewed available technologies in terms of odor delivery systems; there are many challenges when considering the type of scents that may be required in the treatment of PTSD. Typically, different odors are created from a limited number of scents (Matsukura et al. 2013); however, VR delivery of unique battlefield simulation ranging from burning flesh to the chemical smells of explosive devices (Rizzo et al. 2006) undoubtedly present specific challenges. Head-mounted display units offer promising results in terms of treatment in situ (Rothbaum et al. 2001), portability being a key requirement in conflict scenarios. Recent developments such as the “Smelling Screen” (Matsukura et al. 2013) may offer greater opportunity in terms of enhancing immersion in any treatment protocol; however, the size of the current apparatus may limit its application in the field. Perhaps a microversion of the “Smelling Screen” technology incorporated into an HMD unit may offer the best combination of both methodologies? The entry of the behemoth Facebook into the VR HMD market may offer significant opportunities for research, investment and technological developments in this area. Employment of the Fogg (2009) model in the development of persuasive technologies may also help to illuminate the research process; however, further research will be required with PTSD population to test this premise. Additionally, it may be interesting to bypass the highly complex process of scent formulation, delivery and display and explore direct electrical stimulation of the olfactory tubercle (FitzGerald et al. 2014). Perhaps some form of electrical stimulation technology could be designed within a VR HMD unit and therefore could automatically deliver olfactory stimulation and simultaneously address some of the existing and ongoing limitations of mechanical odor formation and delivery systems. As always there are cost implications in terms of researching and developing new technical prototypes, future research projects are complex given the vulnerable nature of the specific PTSD population under study. Emergence of apparent online content moderation-induced PTSD arguably provides impetus for technology companies to engage actively in researching and developing VR therapeutic protocols. Given likely cost-efficiencies of technology facilitated early intervention immersive virtual reality multi-sensory therapy, versus long-term standard treatment of PTSD, further innovative research approaches are undoubtedly commercially and scientifically worthy of exploration.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: It's argued that evidence of life on Europa could be overlooked due to existing biases. [SEP] Text: AbstractA genomic preselection step of young sires is now often included in dairy cattle breeding schemes. Young sires are selected based on their genomic breeding values. They have better Mendelian sampling contribution so that the assumption of random Mendelian sampling term in genetic evaluations is clearly violated. When these sires and their progeny are evaluated using BLUP, it is feared that estimated breeding values are biased. The effect of genomic selection on genetic evaluations was studied through simulations keeping the structure of the Holstein population in France. The quality of genetic evaluations was assessed by computing bias and accuracy from the difference and correlation between true and estimated breeding values, respectively, and also the mean square error of prediction. Different levels of heritability, selection intensity, and accuracy of genomic evaluation were tested. After only one generation and whatever the scenario, breeding values of preselected young sires and their daughters were significantly underestimated and their accuracy was decreased. Genomic preselection needs to be accounted for in genetic evaluation models. Key wordsselection biasgenomic selectionBLUPdairy cattleIntroductionIn dairy cattle breeding, the recent development of genomic tools and methods has led to quick implementation of genomic selection. Due to a higher accuracy of evaluation at birth and a shorter generation interval, an increase of genetic gain is expected as well as a better management of genetic diversity. Efficiency of breeding schemes is improved, whereas their costs could be reduced. However, the use of this new strategy may damage the quality of classical genetic evaluations. In many countries, breeding values for dairy cattle are estimated based on an animal model using BLUP methodology. Under some hypotheses, BLUP estimates have desirable properties: they are unbiased in the sense that the expected value of the prediction is equal to the expected value of what is being predicted, and they are the best among the linear predictors in the sense that they have a minimum mean squared error of prediction (MSE). In the mixed model equations leading to BLUP, it has been shown that the additive genetic relationship matrix (A), assuming an infinitesimal model, can accommodate changes in genetic means and variances due to selection (Sorensen and Kennedy, 1983). This requires that A is complete and correct, that the model includes all records upon which selection is based and that pedigree is complete back to the base population. Today, genomically enhanced breeding values (GEBV) are computed at the birth of candidates.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Virtual labs and simulations can enhance science and tech learning online. [SEP] Text: Furthermore, it allows teachers to add additional experiments to enhance their students’ knowledge and to perform laboratory tests to observe the improvement of their students. System designThe development process was chosen to evolve the VSL because it supports user interface design and explores specific software solutions (Sommerville 2010). The layered architecture pattern shown in Fig. 1 was selected to design the VSL system because it supports the incremental development of the prototype process. Fig. 1The layered architecture for the VSLFull size imageThe VSL system has two kinds of users: teachers, who coordinate the scientific learning process by adding new experiments to enhance student knowledge and create tests to monitor their students’ performance, and students, who can perform various experiments and complete the available tests. Furthermore, the VSL provides an interactive and safe environment for students and their sciences teachers that is written in Arabic. This facilitates direct communication between students and teachers anywhere, anytime. To activate the VSL, the researchers suggest using ASP. net as a programming language and connecting it to a SQL database, as shown in Fig. 1. designThe VSL’s design depends on the science’s curriculum in middle schools: using the same experiments and tools within the conditions simulated to the real ones. The main components of the system are shown in Fig. 2. Through the home page, the user can find all the courses, experimental tutorials, and technical support. The teacher must log in to set a test, add an experiment, or manage the students’ performance and grades. Students must also log in to access the experiments and view the tests and their grades. Fig. 2Components diagram for the VSLFull size imageThe system begins with the homepage screen (see Fig. 3), which contains the main four sections of the lab: courses, teachers, students, and experiment tutorials, with a separate screen for each. The courses screen provides an electronic copy of the science curriculum for all middle school levels. On the other hand, the experiment tutorial screen displays videos that have been uploaded to YouTube that may help students and teachers learn more about how to use the VSL platform to conduct experiments. Fig. 3Screenshot of the home screen of the VSLFull size imageThe core of the VSL system is the student and teacher screens and registration must be completed to access these two screens. After completing the registration and signing in processes, the student screen (see Fig.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Virtual reality (VR) therapy is used to treat phobias through controlled exposure therapy. [SEP] Text: In the follow-up interview, they expressed some anxiety from using VR technology and that they anticipated cybersickness due to what they had heard. However, neither of them reported any symptoms of cybersickness post study. The lower drop of post-task PRPSA score in the Low anxiety group is a result of initial lower scores in the screening PRPSA. The participants’ perceived anxiety levels were not high to begin with and they were not very anxious. Therefore, the intervention can not have a substantial effect on their perceived anxiety levels. Based on these results, it is possible to conclude that PublicVR was effective at positively changing participants’ perception of anxiety toward non-verbal communication related to the implemented factors, as evidenced by the reporting of reductions in self-reported perceived anxiety levels of up to 13. 15% overall across all participants. 4. 4 PRPSA validity and statistical significanceTo assess the validity and statistical significance of the results, both the screening and post-task PRPSA results were analysed through a Homogeneity, Normality and T-Test. A Homogeneity test was performed which indicated a homogeneous distribution with significance of 0. 056 and 0. 187 for the screening results and post-task results, respectively. Table 6 illustrates the results for homogeneity of variances test. Table 6 Results of homogeneity of variances test on both screening and post-task size tableIn the next step of analysis, the data were tested for normality. As presented in Table 7, the results from screening and post-task PRPSA for both Moderate/high and Low anxiety groups are above the alpha value threshold of 0. 05. Hence, the results are included in the normal distribution category and can be used for the parametric statistics T-Test. Table 7 Results of normality test on both screening and post-task PRPSA, across the Moderate/high and Low anxiety groupsFull size tableFinally, a paired sample 2-tailed T-Test was performed to establish the statistical significance of the results of the screening and post-task PRPSA tests. As demonstrated in Table 8, the significance for the total population and the Moderate/high group is lower than the 0. 05 threshold, therefore, they are statistically significant. Hence, it is possible to conclude that PublicVR has been successful in positively changing the participants’ perceived anxiety towards non-verbal communication related to the implemented factors.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: It's argued that evidence of life on Europa could be overlooked due to existing biases. [SEP] Text: It allows selection of animals not only with the highest GEBV but also with the highest Mendelian sampling contribution. This selection leads to a nonrandom set of candidates being recorded for the traits of interest. Hence, the usual assumptions on Mendelian sampling expected value and variance are no longer valid. sampling expected value is no longer zero so that the resulting relationship matrix is no longer the correct one. Two issues are involved. The first is selective information: data on culled animals, especially records on their daughters in the case of young sires, are missing. The second is sequential selection: selection decisions are based on GEBV, and this information is not included in the evaluation model. If the genetic evaluation model remains unchanged, when records of progeny from preselected sires are included in the model, it is feared that genetic evaluations will become biased. The effect of genomic preselection on national and international polygenic evaluations was first discussed by the (Ducrocq et al. , 2008) and by van der Beek (2007). Sires’ ranking, genetic parameters, and genetic trend are likely to be altered at national and international levels. The conse[[page end]]quences of using breeding values of progeny-tested bulls on genomic prediction equations were also mentioned. Due to the rapid and widespread use of genomic evaluations worldwide (11 countries were planning to start genomic evaluations in 2009–2010; Loberg and Dürr, 2009), study of the short-term consequences on the conventional evaluation system is urgently needed. The objective of this paper was to assess via simulation the effect of a genomic preselection step on the quality of genetic evaluations. The latter is measured by the systematic estimation error (i. e. , the bias), and by the accuracy of predicted genetic effects. Comparisons were made between 2 populations, one involving a genomic preselection step of young sires [genomic preselected sires (GPS) population] and the other involving progeny testing only (control population). Sensitivity analysis was conducted with different levels of selection intensity, heritability, and accuracy of genomic evaluation. The effect on the genetic parameter estimates was not investigated. Materials and MethodsOverviewBias and accuracy of genetic evaluations were measured in the GPS and control populations. The control population was expected to provide unbiased prediction and, consequently, a higher accuracy.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Virtual labs and simulations can enhance science and tech learning online. [SEP] Text: 4) becomes available for students and enables them to access all the experiments relevant to their levels (stated during registration). Students can also view their schedule, tests, and grades that have been uploaded by the teacher. Before conducting an experiment, a page that contains the experiment’s description and its objectives will appear. Fig. 4Screenshot of the student screen on the VSLFull size imageFigure 5 shows the screen for an experiment. This screen has been designed to simulate the real laboratory environment where students need to find all the laboratory tools, materials, and steps to conduct the experiment; by selecting the materials, then dragging and dropping them into the beaker depending on the shown instructions. Therefore, if there are any hazardous or unknown tools, a warning message will appear. After that, the result of the experiment will be shown. Fig. 5Screenshot of an experiment’s interface on the VSLFull size imageThen, the students can answer questions related to the results and the experiment’s conclusion screen will then provide them with the experiment’s outcome and allow them to re-conduct the experiment if they want to, and as much as they want. The VSL system offers science teachers three significant functions that are shown on the teacher screen (see Fig. 6). The first function displays the data of students who are taught by the teacher and allows them to modify the grades and monitor the students’ achievement by setting laboratory test and send it to the students as will be discussed later. The second function allows the creation of a new experiment by providing an interactive screen similar to the real lab environment that contains all the laboratory tools and materials needed (see Fig. 7). After completing this, the teacher will be able to send the new experiment to students and it will appear on the student screen. The electronic test screen represents the last function provided by the VSL system for teachers. Here, teachers can set a laboratory test and save it in the system. The screen will then show a drop-down menu of the test bank and show two options: display and modify the test or send the test to the student. Fig. 6Screenshot of the teacher screen on the VSLFull size imageFig.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: VR therapy is being studied for its effectiveness in treating PTSD. [SEP] Text: Moving forward with the loss of a loved one: treating PTSD following traumatic bereavement with cognitive therapy Part of: Disseminating CBT: 50 years and beyond Published online by Press: 20 April 2023 [Opens in a new window]andShow author details Jennifer Wild* Affiliation: Department of Experimental Psychology, University of of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, 161 Barry Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3053, Duffy Affiliation: Queen’s : Department of Experimental Psychology, University of * *Corresponding author. Email: jennifer. wild@psy. ox. ac. uk 0. 5 mb) View PDF [Opens in a new window] Save to to Save to & Permissions [Opens in a new window] loss is associated with high rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and appears to inhibit the natural process of grieving, meaning that patients who develop PTSD after loss trauma are also at risk of experiencing enduring grief. Here we present how to treat PTSD arising from traumatic bereavement with cognitive therapy (CT-PTSD; Ehlers et al. , 2005). The paper describes the core components of CT-PTSD for bereavement trauma with illustrative examples, and clarifies how the therapy differs from treating PTSD associated with trauma where there is no loss of a significant other. A core aim of the treatment is to help the patient to shift their focus from loss to what has not been lost, from a focus on their loved one being gone to considering how they may take their loved one forward in an abstract, meaningful way to achieve a sense of continuity in the present with what has been lost in the past. This is often achieved with imagery transformation, a significant component of the memory updating procedure in CT-PTSD for bereavement trauma. We also consider how to approach complexities, such as suicide trauma, loss of a loved one in a conflicted relationship, pregnancy loss and loss of life caused by the patient. Key learning aims (1) To be able to apply Ehlers and Clark’s (2000) cognitive model to PTSD arising from bereavement trauma. (2) To recognise how the core treatment components differ for PTSD associated with traumatic bereavement than for PTSD linked to trauma where there is no loss of life. (3) To discover how to conduct imagery transformation for the memory updating procedure in CT-PTSD for loss trauma.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: It's argued that evidence of life on Europa could be overlooked due to existing biases. [SEP] Text: To demonstrate bias due to genomic preselection, breeding values (true and genomically enhanced) and performance were simulated based on a real data set coming from the Holstein population in France, which included pedigree, records, and genetic parameters of the traits under consideration. Type traits were chosen for convenience (simple model, no repeated observations). Implementation StepsThe first key element of the chosen strategy was the identification of the candidate bulls; these consisted of the cohort of young sires (YS) that had only one crop of daughters in the real data set. A first BLUP evaluation based on a single trait animal model provided EBV and fixed effects estimates in the initial conditions. These EBV were used to reduce the cohort of young sires to the most promising ones on the basis of their pedigree index. Indeed, these are more likely to be genotyped by the breeding companies implementing genomic preselection. Their daughters (D) were then identified and their performance was deleted from the record file to mimic the data structure before a genomic preselection step. From this new data set, a second BLUP evaluation was run to obtain EBV and reliabilities (R), especially of young sires’ parents. The EBV and R2 were used to simultaneously simulate genomically enhanced breeding values and true breeding values (TBV) for the young sires and potential candidate full siblings. When genomic preselection was mimicked (GPS population), YS were selected among their full siblings, choosing the one with the highest GEBV. In both cases (with or without genomic preselection), consistent daughter records (i. e. , new records) were generated, and a new BLUP evaluation was performed. As a result, EBV and TBV of the young sires and their daughters were available for bias and accuracy assessment in the 2 simulated populations. The simulation of and daughter records, as well as the final BLUP evaluation, were repeated 50 times to measure the bias variability. Evaluations on real or simulated data were all run using an in-house BLUP software, developed by the second author. The different steps of the simulation are summarized in Table 1.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Virtual labs and simulations can enhance science and tech learning online. [SEP] Text: 7Screenshot of the add experiment interface on the VSLFull size imageTesting and resultsTo evaluate the efficiency of using the VSL and to measure its differences compared to HOLs, a pre-test was conducted with five second-year middle school students from different schools in Jeddah. The students used different computers and were supervised by researchers. Before starting the computer test, the students were asked about their knowledge and understanding of the main concepts of certain science experiments that are taught to them in HOLs. The results showed that 60% of the students had difficulty understanding the essential objectives of the given experiments and only 40% understood the experiments well. The students were then asked to conduct the same experiments individually using the VSL. Their experience of using the virtual environment when conducting the experiments was then assessed through a post-test. They have been asked about usability of VSL: ease of use the experiments’ tools, clarity of the experiments’ steps, navigating between the VSL’s screens, and the interaction and enjoyment during the implementation of the experiment in the VSL. And it was found that 80% of students had a good understanding of the practical experiments after performing them in the VSL. Furthermore, the students liked the interface design and did not report any difficulties in navigating between screens. Moreover, according to their answers, using the VSL was an exciting and satisfactory experience for the students. DiscussionAs (Babateen 2011) mentioned the importance of using the computer simulation’s applications in improving the knowledge and learning of the science experiments. Also, VSL’s results agreed with them in the obvious enhancement for students’ understanding of the science experiments. The results indicate the positive impact of using the VSL on the students and demonstrate that there is a need for the VSL in the middle schools in Saudi Arabia. The VSL could improve the learning environment and deliver information to the students more clearly. The students who used the VSL were able to understand the concept of experiments, their objectives, and the results. Using the visualizations that imitated experiments in HOLs and the ability to conduct the experiments individually also helped the students to understand and remember the information. The VSL can promote learning as fun as all the students were happy and enjoyed conducting the experiments. Also, they explored more experiments and learned more things.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: VR therapy is universally effective for all patients, regardless of individual needs. [SEP] Text: L3 neurons (magenta) express myr::GFP (anti-GFP) driven by 9–9 GAL4 (Nern et al. , 2008). Asterisks in (B) indicate dFezf-expressing lamina neurons (green + blue) that are most likely L3 neurons that have yet to turn on GAL4 expression (youngest L3 neurons). (E–N) MARCM + STaR experiments in adult flies. and methods section for a detailed description. Scale bars when shown are five microns with the exception of the scale bar shown in (E), which is twenty microns. L3 clones (green) expressed myr::tandem Tomato (tdTomato) and were visualized using a DsRed antibody. (E) Broad view (confocal image) of the morphologies of wild type L3 clones (green) in the lamina and medulla, which are indicated by R1-R8 axons (magenta, mAB24B10). Boxed regions indicate examples of the regions shown in confocal images in F-I, M and N. (F–I) Confocal images of terminals from wild type or dFezf1 L3 neurons (green), within the outer medulla (M1-M6), defined by R7 and R8 axons (magenta, mAB24B10). (J) quantification. N is the total number of neurons counted per genotype. 10 brains were analyzed for each genotype. (K, L) Confocal images show L3 clones (magenta) within the outer medulla and, within L3 terminals, Brp (green) expression and localization. Brp expressed from its native promoter within a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) was selectively tagged with smFPV5 in L3 MARCM clones, and visualized using an anti-V5 antibody. N-Cadherin (CadN) immunostaining (blue) serves as a neuropil marker. All dFezf1 L3 neurons displayed Brp puncta in their terminals. At least five brains were analyzed for each genotype. (M and N) Morphologies of dendrites from wild type or dFezf1 L3 neurons in the lamina.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: It's argued that evidence of life on Europa could be overlooked due to existing biases. [SEP] Text: StepInput dataImplementationOutput data of interestPreliminary (1)Data set 1: pedigree file + whole record fileBLUP 1Initial EBV (â0) + fixed effects estimates (β)Preliminary (2)Pedigree file + â0Identification of all the YS and their DTarget cohorts: YS (size = n) and DPreliminary (3)Data set 2: pedigree file + record file, cohort D removedBLUP 2EBV and reliabilities (â, R) of the YS parents (GS, GD): âGS, â(1) controlData set 2 + âGS, âof breeding values for n YSTrue breeding values of the YS: aYSCIterative (2) controlData set 2 + β + â + aYSCSimulation of D recordsData set 3: including the new records (true D records are replaced by the simulated ones)Iterative (3) controlData set 3BLUP 3â(4) controlâYSC,aYSCBias assessmentΔ(Breeding values) = âYSC−aYSCIterative (1) GPSData set 2 + âGS, âof breeding values for m YS × n GS-GD pairGEBV + TBV of the YS: âYSGPS, a(2) GPSâYS+GPSSelection of the YS based on GEBVCohort of genomically selected YSIterative (3) GPSData set 2 + β + â + aof D recordsData set 3′: including the new records (true D records are replaced by the simulated ones)Iterative (4) GPSData set 3′BLUP 3′â(5) âassessmentΔ(Breeding values), comparison of reliabilitiesTable 1Summary of the simulation strategy and the analyses performed: description of preliminary and iterative (replicated 50 times) steps in the different populations (control, GPS)11GPS = genomic preselection of young sires; YS = young sire; D = daughter; GS = sire of a YS; GD = dam of a YS; GEBV = genomically enhanced breeding value; TBV = true breeding value.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Virtual labs and simulations can enhance science and tech learning online. [SEP] Text: Moreover, the system is considered as a smart environment where it provides the students with adequate feedback during the learning process and enables the teacher to follow and assess the student’s performance. Also, its planned to add more feature to make it smarter such as a personalization interface for each student and offering the teachers with recommendations for each student based on their performance records. However, there are some obstacles to applying the VSL in schools: (Afgan et al. 2015) teachers must be trained in how to use the VSL, (Alexiou et al. 2005) some teachers may refuse to use it and prefer using traditional methods, and (Ayesh 2004) some schools in small towns and villages cannot afford the computers and the equipment. Conclusions and future workEmerging technologies have successfully enhanced the learning and teaching process and support science education by providing an interactive learning environment that enables the students to participate and learn. VLs are one of the best ways to teach students and allow them to conduct experiments instead of simply viewing them. Moving from HOLs to VLs could also reduce costs and increase teaching efficiency. Moreover, teaching techniques should always be modern and flexible so they can keep up with evolving technologies. This can be achieved easily in by having VLs in all Saudi schools in the future and linking them with current e-learning systems, such as Noor and Clasera. Limitation of the researchOne of the limitations of VSL research was in the testing phase, because of pre-test existence, the results of the conducting the experiment using VSL may be affected by the pre-test. Also, the researchers, unfortunately, have not been able to test the system with a large number of students as desired because of time constraints. The testing and evaluation phase collided with final exams in Saudi schools. Hence, to have formal permission from schools in that period was difficult. Moreover, some structured interviews have been arranged with about six science teachers, but 4 of them did not cooperate because of either school policies or their time. The researchers believe that although the numbers aren’t significant but this study still highlights the importance of the problem under study and provide a feasible solution that would be assessed further in future studies. AbbreviationsHOL: Hands-on laboratories VL: Virtual laboratories VSL: Lab 10. 25304/rlt. v25. 1968 O. C. Falode, S. A.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: VR therapy is universally effective for all patients, regardless of individual needs. [SEP] Text: This edited volume arose from the first on Translation and Accessibility in held at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) on 2 -3 December 2010, organised by the Transof UAB, which is part of the Centre for and Accessibility in Catalunya (CAIAC). The focus of the conference was unique in its comprehensive approach combining game accessibility, game translation and localization and also related issues in broader environments of virtual worlds. Such combination was due to a broad view of accessibility, which not only encompasses users with functional diversity, but also those who due to age or skill are not able to play a game successfully, those who do not speak the original language of the game, and those who due to socioeconomic conditions cannot access games or virtual platforms. In addition, both game localization and accessibility are issues that ideally need to be taken into account early in the development process of a game, in order prevent costly modifications at a later stage. If accessibility and localization are considered since the conception of the game, it should not be too costly or cumbersome to translate the game into other languages or include accessibility ← 9 | 10 → features, such as the possibility to remap the controls or have intralingual subtitles. Gathering together researchers in academia as well as practitioners from the industry, the conference provided an ideal forum to exchange different perspectives to add to the emerging areas of research in translation and media accessibility of digital content. The conference demonstrated how research on game localization and research on game accessibility are gathering momentum, albeit they are still relatively unexplored academic fields. To date, most of the research conducted on game accessibility has been carried out by academics from engineering and computer studies backgrounds, such as the Games (UA-Games) at the Human-Laboratory of ICS-FORTH in Greece, who have developed a number of universally accessible games, and a handful of industry professionals interested in the topic, such as the Group (SIG) at the (IGDA). Most information and guidelines on game accessibility can be found on specialised blogs and websites, and are addressed to developers, to help them make their games accessible to the widest range of population. However, there seems to be a lack of awareness by mainstream developers and publishers about accessibility issues and due to the pressures and time limits associated to the release of a game, accessibility services usually are not a priority.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: It's argued that evidence of life on Europa could be overlooked due to existing biases. [SEP] Text: Open table in a new tabSimulation of and Records: PrincipleLet aYS be the simulated TBV of a young sire and âYS its EBV, solution of the animal mixed model equations. Let âYS+ be the GEBV of a young sire combining direct genomic value and pedigree information. A selection on this GEBV mimicked the genomic preselection of young bulls before collection of phenotypic records from daughters. If GS and GD refer to the sire and dam of a young sire YS, respectively, and σa2 is the genetic variance of the trait, we haveaYS ∼ N(aGS + aGD2,σa2)âYS ∼ N(âGS + âGD2, RYSσa2)âYS+ ∼ N(âGS + âGD2, RYS+σa2). The GEBV reliability (RYS+), is a combination of the pedigree reliability (RPED), and the direct genomic reliability (RGEN+), with RPED = RGS + RGD4. It was assumed that the genomic information contributes as much as n additional daughter records (et al. , 2009), so that RGEN = nn + k, with k = 4h2−1, and[[page end]][[page end]] h2 the heritability of the trait. and Johnson's (1998) method to approximate reliability coming from different sources of information, the combined reliability (RYS+), was computed asRYS+ = RPED + RGEN − 21−. In the same way, the genomically enhanced reliabilities RGS+ and RGD+ were computed at the GS and GD level, respectively. For example,RGS+ = RGS+14RGEN − 2RGS14RGEN1−. It was assumed that each GS–GD pair has only one selected progeny. This is clearly not true, but this simplification avoids extra assumptions without inflating the importance of the son's GEBV on parental EBV.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Virtual labs and simulations can enhance science and tech learning online. [SEP] Text: 1—Running enhanced AES message encryption in a remote IoT-Lab 6. 1. 1 and SSH access 6. 1. 2 Running first experiments 6. 1. 3 Running more experiments 6. 2 Challenge 3. 2—Running enhancing AES benchmarking in an IoT-Lab and executing scientific experiments on a remote test bed 6. 2. 1 Running first manual experiments 6. 2. 2 Automizing experiments 6. 3 Challenge 3. 3—Presentation and discussion of results 6. 3. 1 Graph generation 6. 3. 2 Result analysis 7 Conclusion 3. 1 3. 2 Integration with the DigiLab4U Infrastructure 3. 3 Enabling MQTT for 3 Robots 3. 4 for Interaction 3. 4. 1 Enabling Web-based Interaction with the Experiment 3. 4. 2 Enabling GDPR-Compliant and Real-Feedback 3. 5 Considerations for to the Lab 4 Evaluation 5 Conclusion 1. 1 Didactic fundamentals 1. 2 2 Introduction to RFID-2. 1 Use-case Introduction 2. 2 How to Identify the Right RFID-Transponder for a 2. 2. 1 Basics of RFID frequencies 2. 2. 2 RFID-transponders for 2. 2. 3 How to find about 2. 2. 4 Comparison of 3 Measurements with an RFID measurement cabinet 3. 1 3. 2 3. 2. 1 Questions you Should ask Yourself 4 Summary 5 5. 1 Definitions 5. 2 Recommendations for 1 for Understanding the Impact of Measuring and Choosing RFID-Transponders for Applications in Logistics—Handout for LecturersLab environment 2 3 407–424 Data---Hauge, Jannicke Baalsrud--Hauge, 407–424 Details 1 1. 1 Overview of 1. 2 Keywords 1. 3 Learning objectives 1. 4 2 2. 1 2. 2 Tasks 2. 3 3 Introduction to a mixed-reality environment for warehousing operations 3. 1 Overview of game flow 3. 2 Introduction to the physical lab environment 3. 2. 1 Ultrasonic sensors 3. 2. 2 3. 2. 3 3. 3 Currently available sensors and actuators (March 2022) 4 Evaluation 4. 0 463–470 Details 1 Introduction 2 The fischertechnik learning factory 4. 0 2. 1 MQTT 2. 2 2. 3 OPC/UA 2. 4 Communication structure 2.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: VR therapy is universally effective for all patients, regardless of individual needs. [SEP] Text: It could be argued that by not taking into account accessibility, developers are leaving behind an important segment of the population: people with disabilities, who according to the UN account for 10–12% of the word population (Bank, 2009). People with sensorial (visual, auditory), cognitive, and physical disabilities also can enjoy playing video games, as they are fun and provide hours of entertainment. As regards the topic of game translation, we wish to share a few observations on the development of the domain that is beginning to emerge as a legitimate research field in Translation Studies. Following the official declaration of year one of game studies in 2001 (Aarseth, 2001), academic research on video games has multiplied, helped by its increasingly ubiquitous presence in modern life and, most of all, by its inherent richness, inspiring many a research avenues. When the Handbook (Chandler, 2005) was first published, the domain was a somewhat esoteric practice, little known beyond the immediate circle of practitioners and gamers involved in fan translation of games. Despite its close link to ← 10 | 11 → software localization, which has been integrated into translator training at many universities for some time now, localization practices applied in video games have remained under reported until recently in academia. Similarly, the localization industry has focussed mainly on business-oriented productivity software. For example, in the early days games were not even included in the official statistics of the software industry as they were categorised as consumer goods and part of the entertainment sector (Berry, 2008:66). Localization found early difficulties gaining recognition both in industry and academia, is now an essential part of the game industry which relies on global sales while rapidly establishing itself as an interdisciplinary area of research in academia. Contemporary games are sophisticated technological as well as cultural artefacts with multiple perspectives that lend themselves to study and analysie from many and distant fields: from Psychology to Neuroscience or Sociology. Studies game localization is often introduced as a hybrid mode of (AVT) and (Munday, 2008:190) in an attempt to locate this newly emerged practice within an established category. The research trajectory so far in game localization illustrates how the field tagged itself to these pre-existing domains, motivated by the fact that video games are indeed audiovisual media and also that they are pieces of software. In the sense that both are dynamic fields sensitive to advances on technology, the boundaries between the two currently separate divisions are increasingly becoming blurred.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: It's argued that evidence of life on Europa could be overlooked due to existing biases. [SEP] Text: For young sires and their parents, all the breeding values (true, estimated, and genomically enhanced) may be defined together as coming from the following multivariate normal distribution:aâGSâGDâGS+âGD+âYS+∼NμGSμGDμYSμGSμGDμGS+μGD+μYS+,1012RGS0RGS+012RGS+1120RGD0RGD+12RGD+112RGS12RGD12RGS+12RGD+RYS+RGS0RGS012RGS+RGD0RGD12RGD+RGS+012RGS+RGD+12RGD+RYS+σa2. Using Pearson's results (Pearson, 1903) for multivariate normal distributions, GEBV and TBV were jointly simulated conditionally on the GS and GD EBV. These 2 EBV and their associated reliabilities were computed from the second BLUP evaluation on the real data set (i. e. , in absence of progeny information of their sons). It follows that:aâGS+âGD+âYS+∼NâGSâGDâGS + âGD2âGSâGDâGS + âGD2,V =δGS012δGSΔGS012ΔGS0δGS12δGD0ΔGD12ΔGD12δGS12δGDδPED12ΔGS12ΔGDRYS+−RPEDΔGS012ΔGSΔGS012ΔGS0ΔGD12ΔGD0ΔGD12ΔGD12ΔGS12ΔGDRYS+−RPED12ΔGS12ΔGDRYS+−RPEDσa2,with δ = 1–R and Δ = R+ – R; R represents the reliability based on records and relationships information only, whereas R+ refers to the genomically enhanced reliability. In practice, using a Cholesky decomposition of the variance-covariance matrix V, simulated GEBV and TBV were obtained as linear combinations of 6 random standard normal variables. Consistent simulation of GEBV and TBV of full siblings was guaranteed through an[[page end]] adequate repetition of the relevant random variables.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Virtual labs and simulations can enhance science and tech learning online. [SEP] Text: 1—Running enhanced AES message encryption in a remote IoT-Lab 6. 1. 1 and SSH access 6. 1. 2 Running first experiments 6. 1. 3 Running more experiments 6. 2 Challenge 3. 2—Running enhancing AES benchmarking in an IoT-Lab and executing scientific experiments on a remote test bed 6. 2. 1 Running first manual experiments 6. 2. 2 Automizing experiments 6. 3 Challenge 3. 3—Presentation and discussion of results 6. 3. 1 Graph generation 6. 3. 2 Result analysis 7 Conclusion 3. 1 3. 2 Integration with the DigiLab4U Infrastructure 3. 3 Enabling MQTT for 3 Robots 3. 4 for Interaction 3. 4. 1 Enabling Web-based Interaction with the Experiment 3. 4. 2 Enabling GDPR-Compliant and Real-Feedback 3. 5 Considerations for to the Lab 4 Evaluation 5 Conclusion 1. 1 Didactic fundamentals 1. 2 2 Introduction to RFID-2. 1 Use-case Introduction 2. 2 How to Identify the Right RFID-Transponder for a 2. 2. 1 Basics of RFID frequencies 2. 2. 2 RFID-transponders for 2. 2. 3 How to find about 2. 2. 4 Comparison of 3 Measurements with an RFID measurement cabinet 3. 1 3. 2 3. 2. 1 Questions you Should ask Yourself 4 Summary 5 5. 1 Definitions 5. 2 Recommendations for 1 for Understanding the Impact of Measuring and Choosing RFID-Transponders for Applications in Logistics—Handout for LecturersLab environment 2 3 407–424 Data---Hauge, Jannicke Baalsrud--Hauge, 407–424 Details 1 1. 1 Overview of 1. 2 Keywords 1. 3 Learning objectives 1. 4 2 2. 1 2. 2 Tasks 2. 3 3 Introduction to a mixed-reality environment for warehousing operations 3. 1 Overview of game flow 3. 2 Introduction to the physical lab environment 3. 2. 1 Ultrasonic sensors 3. 2. 2 3. 2. 3 3. 3 Currently available sensors and actuators (March 2022) 4 Evaluation 4. 0 463–470 Details 1 Introduction 2 The fischertechnik learning factory 4. 0 2. 1 MQTT 2. 2 2. 3 OPC/UA 2. 4 Communication structure 2.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: VR therapy is universally effective for all patients, regardless of individual needs. [SEP] Text: 8) and −1. 9 (two-sided 95% CI, −2. 5 to −1. 3), respectively. The percent of remission (MMX-2. 4 vs. MMX-4. 8 vs. controlled-2. 25, 31. 8% vs. 45. 7% vs. 28. 2%, respectively) and ER (10. 6% vs. 19. 8% vs. 14. 1%, respectively) was similar between the MMX-2. 4 and controlled-2. 25 groups, while the percent of remission of the MMX-4. 8 group was higher than those of the controlled-2. 25 group. Adverse events (AEs) exhibited no difference among each group. The study revealed that MMX-4. 8 g/day was more effective than MMX-2. 4 g/day and controlled-2. 25 g/day. Although non-inferiority was not met, considering the secondary endpoint, the authors concluded that the efficacy of MMX-2. 4 g/day was comparable to that of controlled-2. 25 g/day. These results of the study by Ogata et al. 6 were similar to that of a recent meta-analysis. 7 The meta-analysis demonstrated that 50% of patients who received 5-ASA failed to achieve remission compared to 52% of patients who received 5-ASA comparator (RR, 0. 94; 95% CI, 0. 86–1. 02). This suggested that there was no difference among the various 5-ASA formulations in terms of efficacy. 7 Furthermore, there were no significant differences between high and low doses of 5-ASA. 7 Unlike the study by Ogata et al. ,6 the meta-analysis did not assess the significant difference in efficacy between the two 5-ASA dosing regimens (4. 8 g/day vs. 2. 4 g/day), including pH-release and MMX mesalazines. 7 However, similar to the present study,6 subgroup analysis of several studies demonstrated that patients with moderate UC might benefit from the high dose of mesalazine (4. 8 g/day). 789 This indicates that the severity of disease can be a factor that affects the response to 5-ASA treatment. 89 A previous study reported that MMX mesalazine at a dosage of 2. 4 or 4.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: It's argued that evidence of life on Europa could be overlooked due to existing biases. [SEP] Text: Finally, the control and GPS populations differed in the way the breeding values of young sires were distributed. In the control population, random variables were drawn only once in such a way that the young sires’ GEBV were normally distributed. No preselection existed. In contrast, in the GPS population, a genomic preselection step was implemented using a given selection rate defined as the proportion of retained candidates, say 1/m. In practice, TBV and GEBV were generated, on average, m times for each YS, hence mimicking genomic evaluation of m full siblings. In order to be as realistic as possible, the number of full siblings within a family i (mi) was varied from one family to another. To ensure an expected number of m candidates with a minimum number of 1, a random number ui was generated from a Poisson distribution P(λ) with λ = m − 1, and the size of the full-sibling cohort was set to ui + 1. Among these full siblings, the highest GEBV was assigned to the YS undergoing progeny test, whereas the remaining full siblings were culled. Performances for the daughters of each YS were simulated in the 2 populations. From the animal model equations, these records were computed as the sum of fixed and random effects. Without loss of generality, the only fixed effect (β) considered was a contemporary group effect. In other words, data of the initial evaluation were precorrected for all nongenetic (fixed) effects and a contemporary group effect was estimated for each group of identified daughters. The breeding value of any daughter was generated as the sum of its average parental breeding value and a Mendelian sampling term (φ) drawn from a normal distribution with zero mean and a variance equal to half the genetic variance of the trait. The TBV for the sire was available as described above, whereas the TBV for the dam was generated on the basis of her EBV and reliability computed from the second BLUP evaluation when no YS progeny performances were available. A normal random variable ɛ was, thus, added to dam EBV to get TBV. Finally, a residual e was drawn from a normal distribution with zero mean and a variance equal to the residual variance of the trait.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Urban agriculture can provide fresh produce for local communities. [SEP] Text: Supporting small farms: how protecting local farms can protect local communities Published: August 16, 2023 Small farms make up more than a half of the agricultural land in the US and produce just over a fifth of the country’s agricultural produce. Not only do they play a vital role in feeding people, small farms are also integral to local communities. And yet, many small farmers have limited access to resources and find themselves at a social disadvantage due to bias and prejudice. E’licia Chaverest, from the at Alabama A&M University, USA, is supporting these farmers to help them run successful and resilient farms. Talk like a Attorney — a person, typically a lawyer, appointed to act for another in business or legal matters Experimental learning — the process of learning by doing. Hands-on experience can make it easier for students to learn and retain information Limited resource farmer — a farmer who has limited or no access to the resources needed for managing a successful farm, such as specialised machinery, high quality seed, financial support or financial literacy Monocrop — cultivation of a single crop species Small farm — a farm (often family-owned) with an income under US$250,000 per year Small farmer — someone who owns or manages a small farm Socially disadvantaged farmer — a farmer who experiences prejudice, bias or discrimination due to their gender, race, ethnicity or nationality, which adds to the challenges of farming What did you have for dinner last night? Whether it was steak and chips, a chickpea curry, or beans on toast, the chances are that most, if not all, of the ingredients were grown or reared on a farm. It can be easy to forget this. Go into any major supermarket and you will be confronted with aisle after aisle of plastic packaging and brightly coloured branding. Despite appearances, the vast majority of the food in our supermarkets started out in the dirt. Since the advent of agriculture, roughly 12,000 years ago, we humans have relied on farming for our very survival. Even today, with our Big Macs, Whoppers and vegan chicken nuggets, farmers are the people who put food on our tables. Some farms can roll on for thousands and thousands of acres. Huge fields of monocrops, like corn and wheat, stretch out beyond the horizon and gigantic barns stuffed full of cows, pigs and chickens see millions of animals slaughtered every day. But not all farms are like this.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: VR therapy is universally effective for all patients, regardless of individual needs. [SEP] Text: 8 g/day is superior to placebo in the induction of CR and ER in 517 patients with mild to moderate UC. 9 However, in those patients transferred directly from prior low-dose 5-mesalazine 4. 8 g/day was superior to placebo, while its efficacy over placebo in patients transferred directly to MMX mesalazine 2. 4 g/day was not significantly different. Ogata et al. 6 also reported that MMX-4. 8 g/day had more beneficial than 2. 4 g/day because more than 80% patients were directly transferred from prior low-dose 5-ASA. This suggested that the non-responders to low-dose 5-ASA might respond to escalation in the dose of MMX mesalazine. 9 This treatment strategy has been supported by the findings of another study. The study reported that there was a significant benefit of pH-release mesalazine 4. 8 g/day compared to 2. 4 g/day dosing in patients with difficult-to-treat UC (e. g. , patients who needed steroids or more than 2 medications—steroids, immunomodulators, oral 5-ASA, or rectal 5-ASA). 10 In summary, the current data by Ogata et al. 6 support that the efficacy of oral MMX-2. 4 g/day is comparable to that of controlled-2. 25 g/day, and MMX-4. 8 g/day is more effective than 2. 4 g/day in inducing remission in patients with mild to moderate UC without associated safety concerns. This implies the possibility that sample size and proportion of the prior use of low-dose 5-ASA or patients with moderate UC may affect the result. However, the efficacy of MMX mesalazine was restricted only to induction of remission of UC. Therefore, to ensure the maintenance of long-term remission in Asian patients with UC, further large, prospective, and randomized trials to determine the optimal dose and use of MMX mesalazine are necessary. : The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this 1. guidelines for the management of ulcerative colitis. 2017;15:7–37. PMID: 28239313. 2. Kedia P, Cohen RD.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: It's argued that evidence of life on Europa could be overlooked due to existing biases. [SEP] Text: Let y be the record of a daughter:y = β + aYS + (âD + ε)2 + φ + ewithε ∼ N[0,(1−RD)σa2]φ ∼ N(0,12σa2)e ∼ N(0,σe2). Numerical ApplicationsThe simulations were first done following the national data set for a conformation trait, udder depth (UD), for the Holstein breed in France. A total of 4,110,229 records were available, and the pedigree file included 5,917,739 animals. The young sires were chosen among those born in 2001, 2002, and 2003, having more than 10 and fewer than 150 recorded daughters. In all, 1,875 sires fulfilled these criteria. Among them, 799 young sires were selected with their 40,222 daughters. Selection bias was first assessed for the UD trait with a heritability of 0. 36, assuming that the top 25% (proportion, p=0. 25) of the young sires were selected after genomic evaluation. The GEBV simulations also required choosing the number of daughters that would provide the same increase in reliability as that of the genomic evaluation. In the Holstein population, et al. (2009) reported 9 daughter equivalents from genomic prediction for body depth with a heritability of 0. 37. Here, an initial value of 10 genomic equivalent daughter contributions (gEDC) was chosen, which is equivalent to a reliability of genomic evaluation of 50%. This set of parameters (gEDC=10, p = 0. 25, h2 = 0. 36) defines the udder depth trait reference scenario, UD_REF. Sensitivity AnalysisIn order to assess the magnitude of the bias due to genomic preselection and to understand the role of parameters such as the heritability of the trait, intensity of genomic selection, and reliability of genomic evaluations, various scenarios were implemented. Compared with that of the UD_REF scenario, the value of heritability was decreased (h2 = 0. 14): simulations were performed for another conformation trait, foot angle (FA). Notice that decreasing heritability makes the genomic evaluation less accurate if gEDC is kept equal to 10. The gEDC was increased to 26, which is possibly optimistic but made to maintain the same level of genomic accuracy.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Urban agriculture can provide fresh produce for local communities. [SEP] Text: In fact, 89% of farms in the US are classed as small farms. These small-scale farms are vitally important, particularly for local communities. Small farms can support local businesses, create jobs for local people and bolster the local economy. During the COVID-19 pandemic, for example, global food supply chains collapsed, and many local farms stepped up to provide their local communities with food. Small farms are also much kinder to their local environments; biodiversity is much higher around them than around large, industrial-scale farms. Unfortunately, running a small-scale farm is not easy. Smaller farms tend to have smaller financial margins, so one bad harvest, a sudden change in market conditions, or an extreme weather event can be disastrous. As the effects of the climate crisis start to kick in, farms of all sizes are struggling to adapt to changes in weather patterns and soil conditions. With less access to technology and fertiliser, small farms are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Managing a successful small-scale farm is demanding work, even at the best of times. It is particularly difficult for those farmers who are socially disadvantaged or who lack access to resources. Unfortunately, farmers from minority backgrounds may receive less support from government services and programmes, and they may find it harder to acquire the resources needed to manage a successful farm. E’licia Chaverest is the assistant director of the Alabama A&(SFRC). She, along with others at the SFRC, is dedicated to helping limited resource, socially disadvantaged farmers in Alabama to manage profitable and resilient farms that benefit their local communities. How does the SFRC help? “The SFRC is actively involved in developing policies and programmes that aim to assist socially disadvantaged, limited resource minority farmers,” says E’licia. For example, E’licia has served on the New and as part of a programme offered by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA). Her colleague,. Chembezi, inspired E’licia to apply for the position. He also recently held lengthy terms on the on Minority Farmers, another important USDA programme. The SFRC will always have a seat at the table when policies and programmes are being developed. “We are here to be a voice for the voiceless,” says E’licia.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Smart cities often implement IoT devices to monitor energy and water usage. [SEP] Text: TIdak hanya sampai disini saja, togel singapore mempunyai layanan live draw sgp yang dimana kamu bisa menyaksikan hasil keluaran sgp, pengeluaran sgp secara langsung tanpa adanya direkayasa sama sekali yang kemudian di update ke data sgp terlengkap. togel hari hongkong singapore sidney macau dapat kamu saksikan melalui data hk terlengkap yang memberikan pengeluaran sdu dan keluaran sgp hari ini. Dalam memainkan togel hari ini kamu secara langsung dapat menyaksikan data hk, pengeluaran sdy dan keluaran sgp hari ini. Karena semua yang kamu cari seputar informasi togel hari ini terdapat pada bagian atas tabel yang sudah kami sediakan. Data hk umumnya sering sekali dijadikan acuan untuk mencari angka keluaran hk dan pengeluaran hk pada periode selanjutnya. Jadi untuk kamu yang ingin mencari informasi seputar togel hongkong bisa langsung menyaksikan data hk. Pengeluaran sdy adalah informasi yang selalu di berikan oleh togel sidney apabila kamu sedang melakukan pasangan pada togel sidney. Untuk menyaksikan pengeluaran sdy tentunya begitu sangat mudah karena semua terdapat pada data sdy yang kami hadirkan diatas. Keluaran sgp kini sudah bisa kamu saksikan dengan cepat dan tepat waktu. Karena keluaran sgp termasuk ke dalam bagian pengeluaran sgp yang dimana selalu mengumumkan hasil updatenya pada data sgp.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: It's argued that evidence of life on Europa could be overlooked due to existing biases. [SEP] Text: Even then, the cohorts of YS were no longer the same for FA. To keep fairly comparable scenarios, whereas handled traits are different, the YS for the FA trait were chosen so that the same average pedigree index was observed in both situations. A total of 601 young sires were, thus, identified with their 31,976 daughters. It defined the scenario hereafter called the foot angle trait reference scenario, FA_REF. Then the proportion of selected animals was decreased from 0. 25 to 0. 10 for both traits, defining scenarios udder depth trait and foot angle trait, each with proportion of selected animals at 0. 10 (UD_p and FA_p, respectively). Finally, for the FA trait, 2[[page end]] levels of genomic accuracy were compared. In the scenario called FA_gEDC, gEDC was decreased from 26 (in FA_REF) to 10. Reliability of direct genomic values decreased from 50% to 27%. In order to sum up (see Table 2), UD_REF and FA_REF were compared to assess the effect of heritability change. Having UD_REF and UD_p on one side, and FA_REF and FA_p on the other side, highlighted the effect of selection intensity. The comparison of FA_REF with FA_gEDC showed the importance of genomic accuracy. Scenario1Proportion of selected candidatesHeritabilityGenomic equivalent daughter contributionYoung sires (n)UD_REF0. 250. 3610799UD_p0. 100. 3610799FA_REF0. 250. 1426601FA_p0. 100. 1426601FA_gEDC0. 250. 1410601Table 2Parameters for the different studied scenarios1UD = udder depth trait; FA = foot angle trait; REF = reference; p = proportion of young sires retained; gEDC = genomic equivalent daughter contribution. Open table in a new tabCriteria for Assessing the Quality of the Genetic EvaluationsBias was measured as the difference between TBV and EBV. Many criteria exist to assess the precision of evaluations; we retained 2 of them. The mean square error of prediction was preferred to the prediction error variance, as used in other studies on selection processes (Sorensen and Kennedy, 1984;Van Vleck, 1987;Schenkel et al. , 2002). Hickey et al.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Urban agriculture can provide fresh produce for local communities. [SEP] Text: is responsible for developing a programme of support, and advises on loan requirements for new farmers who do not have much experience and need a helping hand to get started. By serving on this committee, E’licia can provide a voice for socially disadvantaged farmers and figure out how the programme can be changed to better support them. The SFRC conducts research into the issues that affect limited resource farms and how these issues might be overcome. It also helps socially disadvantaged farmers to implement environmentally friendly practices on their farms and successfully market their produce, ensuring that these farms are both environmentally and financially sustainable. The SFRC recognises that one of the main challenges for socially disadvantaged farmers is their lack of access to government funding and services. Often, this is because of structural racial discrimination or bias, which makes it harder for certain people to access these support systems. The SFRC works closely with government agencies and farmers to mitigate these challenges. Therefore, one of the SFRC’s priorities is to help socially disadvantaged farmers access key support so that they can address their farm endeavours. The SFRC helps farmers write grant proposals, facilitates one-on-one consultations with representatives from the USDA, develops educational programmes, such as conferences, seminars and workshops, at which farmers can find out about government initiatives. In addition, the SFRC provides training on new and emerging issues that directly affect farmers in general. What happens at an SFRC conference? The SFRC conferences are attended by small farmers from across that state of Alabama and beyond, local representatives from the USDA, charitable organisations and credit unions, which can grant loans to farmers. The conferences feature presentations from extension agents, agricultural organisations, researchers, government representatives and successful small farmers. Download the 10. 33424/416 Link to the activity sheet 0 +1 Pinterest 0 LinkedIn 0 Email E’licia (left) with Eddie and Ruby Smith, veteran farmers located in Greensboro, Alabama. © M. Echolas (left) and Marguerite McClintock (right) at an SFRC event © E’licia with his produce © E’licia bee farmer Marguerite McClintock, owner of LC, teaching youth about honey These gatherings allow socially disadvantaged farmers to access information and engage with other people in their industry. The SFRC hopes that these conferences and workshops will foster a sense of community between local farmers that encourages them to share advice and support each other.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Smart lighting systems in cities can save energy by adjusting based on usage and time of day. [SEP] Text: Email Us: info@lupinepublishers. com Call Us: +1 (914) 407-6109 57 West 57th Street, 3rd floor, - NY 10019, 10. 32474/TCEIA. 2018. 02. 000149 Abstract PDF Also view in: to Conclusion 2001. Figure 1 Distribution of artificial lights visible from space. Produced using cloud-free portions of low-light imaging data acquired by the U. S. (DMSP) System (OLS). Four types of lights are included: human settlements (cities, towns, and villages), fires (defined as ephemeral lights on land), gas flares, and heavily lit fishing boats. [3] for details. Image, data processing, and descriptive text by the ’s Data Center. Figure 2: Unintentional birds’ moving across streetlights designed by smart lighting (Elvidge & M. L. Imhoff, 2001). 2 represents, smart lighting system makes wrong diagnosis, under the influence of birds or insects’ motions, illuminating by no reason. This, which is one disadvantage, causes costs, energy, and capital losses unlike this research objective i. e. energy saving (economic project). Thus, the system requires be designed in a way to identify the problems and react to the problems. 3 shows, captivity effect system can remove the insects before approaching to the lights. This system emits some waves, creates overlap among lights, and prevents insects’ infiltration. Moreover, using sound waves can be effective so that its frequency is not much problematic to human and at the same time inhibits birds’ approaching to the project site. Figure 3: Using captivity effect system in order to inhibit insects’ approaching (Elvidge & M. L. Imhoff, 2001). Companies and manufacturers made some efforts to improve the system performance and achieved some success; though, lacking perfect and comprehensive results, a promising future with no problem anticipated. In spite of knowing motion detection technology for construction environments, implementing it in outdoors and streets encounters us with complex problems such as stray animals, trees, wind, and climate changing. Recently, a new product naming Tvilight designed for solving the current problems. This technology includes eight sensors distinguishing people and vehicles from other environmental factors. Detection data communicates less than a hundredth of a second among different posts allowing them to properly react by estimating vehicle’s speed and traffic line.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: It's argued that evidence of life on Europa could be overlooked due to existing biases. [SEP] Text: (2008) and L. R. Schaeffer (Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Canada, personal communication) considered the computation of the correlation between true and EBV. We decided to use the squared correlation to compare it to the approximate reliability, a byproduct of the mixed model equations. This reliability is computed using the standard deviation in the base population. Statistics were averaged over 50 replicates. Definitions of all criteria assessing the quality of genetic evaluations are summed up in Table 3. Bias (Δ)Mean square error (MSE)Squared correlation (ρ2)= 150∑r=150E(âr−ar)= 150∑r=150Var(âr−ar) + E(âr − ar)2= 150∑r=150cov(âr, ar)var(âr) var(ar)2Table 3Definitions of the criteria for assessing quality of genetic evaluations with replicate r and ar = TBV¯, âr = EBV¯11TBV = true breeding value; E = expected value; Var = variance. Open table in a new tabResultsThe results are first presented for the reference scenario (UD_REF). To facilitate the interpretation, breeding values are expressed in genetic standard deviation of the trait. Validation of the ApproachWhen the selection scheme involves progeny testing, information is collected for the whole population of selection candidates so that the estimation of the Mendelian sampling term is consistent with the hypotheses underlying the BLUP methodology. In particular, the expected value of the Mendelian sampling term is supposed to be zero. For both populations simulated in the UD_REF scenario, Table 4 displays genetic values () and the difference between EBV and TBV. In the control population, EBV are not significantly different from TBV and the MS term is not significantly different from 0. Hence, the considered population structure and estimation method lead to unbiased evaluations in classical conditions. And, in the GPS population, TBV are indeed significantly larger than the TBV observed in the control population (Table 4), illustrating the fact that genomic preselection was effective. [[page end]]Δ = EBV−TBV¯Control0. 9310. 933−0. 001 (NS)0. 002 (NS) 0. 8640. 7420. 6300. 427GPS1. 3841. 2380.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Urban agriculture can provide fresh produce for local communities. [SEP] Text: Indeed, the SFRC also encourages small farmers to forge relationships with USDA agencies prior to needing their services. In addition, the conferences give farmers the opportunity to take part in training and workshops that are designed to help them make their operation more sustainable and marketable, as well as to provide information on which services are available to them and how to access them. “This allows farmers to learn fully about government programmes in a non-judgemental environment,” says E’licia. What kind of government programmes are available? One of the most recent USDA programmes that the SFRC is implementing focuses on providing food safety training for socially disadvantaged farmers. This programme uses experimental learning to help teach the farmers new food safety practices to apply to their farm operation. “Experimental learning is the process of doing something to understand it,” explains E’licia. “Participants engage with a task and then reflect on it to understand how it can be applied to their farm. Basically, we are taking the classroom to the field. ” This project will include hands-on food safety demonstrations, computer literacy training and local farm visits. How successful has the SFRC been in helping socially disadvantaged farmers? The SFRC is constantly being recognised by the USDA for the work that it does. “This makes me proud because our team is constantly making an impact in the agricultural community by educating and empowering farmers,” says E’licia. “The USDA recognises our impact, effort and commitment to the farmers of Alabama. ” In 2020, one of E’licia’s projects that focused on financial literacy training for socially disadvantaged farmers received an award for its excellence. “This made me realise that I was truly making a difference in my community,” says E’licia. Despite the amazing work of the SFRC, limited resource, socially disadvantaged farmers still face many challenges. The SFRC remains committed to helping farmers navigate these challenges so that they can find stability and continue to support their local communities. E’licia L.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Smart cities operate without any human oversight or intervention. [SEP] Text: ViewpointArriel Benis1,2,3*, PhD Mostafa Haghi4,5,6*, PhD Deserno5,6, PhD Oscar Tamburis2,3,7, PhD 1Department of Technologies, of Technology, Holon, Israel2“Health”, for (EFMI), Le Mont-sur-Lausanne, Switzerland3“Health”, (IMIA), Chene-Bourg, Geneva, Switzerland4Laboratory, Department of – University of Applied Sciences, Konstanz, Germany5Peter L. for of TU Braunschweig and School, Braunschweig, Germany6“Accident & Emergency Informatics”, (IMIA), Chene-Bourg, Geneva, Switzerland7Institute of Biostructures and *these authors contributed equallyCorresponding Author:Arriel Benis, PhDDepartment of Technologiesof Technology52 Golomb StreetHolon, 5810201IsraelPhone: 972 03 5026892Email: arrielb@hit. ac. ilAbstractSmart cities and digital public health are closely related. Managing digital transformation in urbanization and living spaces is challenging. It is critical to prioritize the emotional and physical health and well-being of humans and their animals in the dynamic and ever-changing environment they share. Human-animal bonds are continuous as they live together or share urban spaces and have a mutual impact on each other’s health as well as the surrounding environment. In addition, sensors embedded in the Internet of Things are everywhere in smart cities. They monitor events and provide appropriate responses. In this regard, accident and emergency informatics (A&EI) offers tools to identify and manage overtime hazards and disruptive events. Such manifold focuses fit with Health (ODH), which aims to transform health ecosystems with digital technology by proposing a comprehensive framework to manage data and support health-oriented policies. We showed and discussed how, by developing the concept of ODH intervention, the ODH framework can support the comprehensive monitoring and analysis of daily life events of humans and animals in technologically integrated environments such as smart homes and smart cities. We developed an ODH intervention use case in which A&EI mechanisms run in the background. The ODH framework structures the related data collection and analysis to enhance the understanding of human, animal, and environment interactions and associated outcomes.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: It's argued that evidence of life on Europa could be overlooked due to existing biases. [SEP] Text: 304***−0. 146*** 0. 7810. 6940. 5780. 409Table 4Mean (first line) and standard deviation within replicate (second row, in italics) of genetic values and bias (Δ) in the cohort of selection candidates when genomic selection is implemented (GPS) or not (control)11TBV = true breeding value; MS = Mendelian sampling contribution. Values are averaged over 50 replicates. Tested the null hypothesis H0, where the mean of MS or mean of bias equal zero. ***P<0. 001. Open table in a new tabBias EvidenceTable 4 indicates that the MS term in the GPS population is significantly larger than zero, whereas the variance has decreased compared with that in the control population. From this first scenario, the basic hypothesis on the MS distribution is shown to be no longer consistent with the observed distribution. Finally, the difference between EBV and TBV is significant and negative (Δ = −0. 146), indicating that evaluations are biased when genomic preselection is implemented. Furthermore, the expected value of the bias (Δ) between the 50 replicates presents a low variability in the control (standard deviation, σΔ = 0. 016) and in the GPS (σΔ = 0. 014) populations, showing that the results on bias are not random. Distribution of the Bias in Genetic EvaluationsUnder the classical selection scheme, the difference between EBV and TBV is distributed around a mean value of 0 with a standard deviation within replicate of 0. 427, as indicated in Tables 4 and 5. This is a symmetric distribution where mean and median are superposed, the distance between third and second, and second and first quartiles are the same (Table 5). It displays the distribution of the prediction error which is minimized with BLUP. When genomic preselection is implemented, such a type of distribution is also observed, but values are systematically translated into more negative values. On average, bias is equal to −0. 146 with a standard deviation between replicates of 0. 014 in the YS cohort and bias is equal to −0. 044 with a standard deviation between replicates of 0. 006 in the cohort of their daughters. Hence, EBV underestimate TBV. ItemControl populationGPS population−2. 249−3. 523−2. 598−3. 655First quartile−0.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Urban agriculture can provide fresh produce for local communities. [SEP] Text: of Agricultural, Life and Natural Sciences, Alabama A&of research: Research project: Supporting limited resource, socially disadvantaged farmers in Alabama to manage successful and resilient farms Funders: US Department of Institute of Food and Agriculture (USDA-NIFA), and Education (SARE), USDA Office of Partnerships and Public Engagement-2501 work is supported by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), under award numbers USDA-2020-70020-32265, USDA-BFRP Federal award 2021- 49500-35644, USDA-RMA 15570, and University of Arkansas-Center 14869. The contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Alabama A&or the University of Arkansas-Center. About small farms outreach Small farms outreach focuses on finding new and innovative ways to support small, local, family-run farms. This can include developing new sustainable practices, designing and delivering training programmes or creating spaces for small farmers to share information and collaborate with each other. Small farms have an important role to play in local communities. They strengthen the local economy, provide jobs to local people, and can even help to support local wildlife. Small farms can help local people feel connected the land around them. For communities with small farms, it can be easier to see the direct link between how we treat nature and how nature treats us in return. Local farmers can act as role models to young people in a community. They give back to the community by volunteering, donating food and employing local people. They can also help to educate young people about their relationship with nature and influence the next generation of young farmers. Local farmers can teach children how to grow their own fruit and veg and show them that almost all the food that they eat comes from the natural world. What does the future of small farms outreach look like? “In the near future,” says E’licia, “we will need environmental scientists to find ways to combat climate change with less resources and more sustainable techniques. ” The effects of climate change are already disrupting farming practices all over the world. Droughts, flooding, extreme temperatures and soil erosion are just some of the things that will make life difficult for small farmers. One of the most pressing issues currently facing socially disadvantaged farmers is a lack of access to legal advice and support.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Smart cities operate without any human oversight or intervention. [SEP] Text: The use case looks at the daily journey of Tracy, a healthy woman aged 27 years, and her dog Mego. Using medical Internet of Things, their activities are continuously monitored and analyzed to prevent or manage any kind of health-related abnormality. We reported and commented on an ODH intervention as an example of a real-life ODH implementation. We gave the reader examples of a “how-to” analysis of Tracy and Mego’s daily life activities as part of a timely implementation of the ODH framework. For each activity, relationships to the ODH dimensions were scored, and relevant technical fields were evaluated in light of the Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable principles. This “how-to” can be used as a template for further analyses. An ODH intervention is based on Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable data and real-time processing for global health monitoring, emergency management, and research. The data should be collected and analyzed continuously in a spatial-temporal domain to detect changes in behavior, trends, and emergencies. The information periodically gathered should serve human, animal, and environmental health interventions by providing professionals and caregivers with inputs and “how-to's” to improve health, welfare, and risk prevention at the individual and population levels. Thus, ODH complementarily combined with A&EI is meant to enhance policies and systems and modernize emergency management. 2023;11:e43871doi:10. 2196/43871KeywordsOne Health; Digital Health; Health; accident and emergency informatics; eHealth; informatics; medicine; veterinary medicine; environmental monitoring; education; patient engagement; citizen science; data science; pets; human-animal bond; intervention; ambulatory monitoring; health monitoring; Internet of Things; smart environment; mobile phone IntroductionBackgroundThe current data-driven society pushes people to seek and ask for an always-increasing number of highly personalized services [1]. Citizens of smart cities use ubiquitous and mobile technologies and expect to obtain what they need before asking for it. Thus, smart cities are models of urbanization development wherein technologies are actively deployed to enhance the quality of life (QoL) of both humans and animals [2].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: It's argued that evidence of life on Europa could be overlooked due to existing biases. [SEP] Text: 272−0. 486−0. 406−0. 539Median0. 0040. 011−0. 138−0. 043Mean0. 002 (NS)0. 011**−0. 146***−0. 044***SD between replicates0. 0160. 0060. 0140. 006Third quartile0. 2780. 5080. 1270. 454Maximum2. 1953. 7001. 9153. 608SD within replicate0. 4270. 7370. 4090. 736Table 5Quartiles and first moments of the difference between EBV and true breeding values for the young sires (YS) and their daughters (D) when genomic selection is implemented (GPS) or not (control)11Tested the null hypothesis H0, where the mean of MS or mean of bias equal zero. **P<0. 01***P<0. 001. Open table in a new tabEffect on the Accuracy of EvaluationsBy construction, the BLUP solutions should maximize the correlation between TBV and EBV and minimize the mean square error of prediction. The MSE increased in the GPS population compared with those of the control population. Similarly, the squared correlation between TBV and EBV was lower in the GPS population than that in the control population (Table 6), whereas the amount of information was identical, as indicated by the value of the approximate reliability (REL). All of the indicators show that the genomic preselection step decreased the accuracy of the estimations compared with that of the control population, with a diluted effect on daughters compared with that of young sires. PopulationMSEρ2 ()RELsires0. 1830. 7560. 815Daughters0. 5440. 4140. 476GPS Young sires0. 1880. 7270. 815Daughters0. 5440. 3940. 476Table 6Mean squared error (MSE) and reliability measures [ρ2(), REL] in control and GPS populations for udder depth trait and 25% selection rate11ρ2 = squared correlation; TBV = true breeding value; REL = approximate reliability; GPS = genomic preselected sires.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Rooftop gardens help reduce heat in urban areas. [SEP] Text: As mentioned earlier, rainwater flows into the RBs in the catchment areas of the buildings, and once the barrels reach their capacity, the rainwater flows out of the pipes into the RGs in the garden catchment areas. Rainwater that falls in the park catchment area flows directly into the sewer system. The parameters for the RBs and RGs used in the simulation are the same as those shown in Tables 1 and 2. 4. DiscussionThe three simulation patterns described in Section 3. 3 will be compared from the depth of the outlet, the total runoff of the sewer systems, and the flood condition in the sewer to verify the rainfall control effect of RBs and RGs. 4. 1 Runoff of the 1) Short-duration Rainfall (July 15, 2021) The simulation results of short-duration rainfall (July 15, 2021) showed that the peak stormwater runoff time was delayed by 10 min when RGs were used (Fig. 9). The decrease in flood volume rate when using RBs and RGs is 0. 93% and 13. 32%, respectively. When the combination of RBs and RGs is used, the decrease in flood volume rate was found to be 29. 26%. The effect of reducing total runoff of the sewer systems is higher when using RBs and RGs in combination than when using RBs and RGs individually. Also, the use of the combination of RBs and RGs reduced the peak flow rate and total volume of stormwater runoff. Thus, this combination of RBs and RGs can effectively reduce the load on wastewater treatment facilities from events such as localized rainstorms. 2) Long-duration Rainfall (July 2, 2021) In the case of long-duration rainfall (July 2, 2021), little effect was observed when the amount of precipitation exceeded the storage capacity of the RGs. The rainwater exceeded the storage capacity of both the RBs and RGs during peak time (2). The decrease in flood volume rate when using RBs and RGs was 0. 2% and 7. 79%, respectively, during peak time (2). This means that surface runoff is effectively reduced at the peak time (1). The decrease in flood volume rate when using RBs and RGs is 4. 86%and 18. 04%, respectively, during peak time (1) (Table 3).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Smart cities operate without any human oversight or intervention. [SEP] Text: Accordingly, personal data such as location, interests (eg, queries on search engines, reads on social media, answers to surveys, and purchases), contacts (eg, calls and social media connections), and activities (eg, neighborhood meetings and personal announcements) are shared continuously [3]. Concerning health-related issues, citizens, as patients, demand proactive suggestions from a modern and evolving public health sector to improve self-care and lower the number of critical events. To this end, their digitized health records encompass the entire process, from the physician’s consultation (in person or remote) to purchasing prescribed drugs (in person or on the web). People use web-based services to check their laboratory tests or reports of certified physical training. Furthermore, they may use applications for sleep monitoring that are provided by a health care management organization [4-8]. Smart cities and (digital) public health share aspects related to a healthy lifestyle. of Things (IoT; we will use IoT as an encompassing term including the Internet of [IoMT] and the Internet of Things [IoAHT]) monitors several subtopics of public health: environmental conditions, electromagnetic radiation, health conditions, fitness activities, food quality, emotions, and accidents [9-11]. Therefore, we need signals, data, and information produced by sensors in wearables or mobile apps or existing on social media networks to run health interventions [10] and cope with emergencies [12]. Accordingly, this has been called to expand the capabilities of health records. In smart cities, IoT devices also trace and track animals. Such applications reflect social and cultural norms, the safety and wellness of animals (eg, pet activity and feeding trackers [13]), and the collective composed of humans and animals [14]. In such communities, large amounts of data are produced continuously and exchanged wirelessly [15]. Its purposes range from home automation to trip management and QoL. These sensors range from microelectromechanical systems to advanced medical devices. It is worth noting that, during the first waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, an increasing rate of shared information was observed. The need arose to timely deliver health care for both humans and animals as specific clusters of customers belonging to the same ecosystem [5,9]. Valid data collection was needed [16,17] that fit the essential elements of smart (healthy) cities [18,19].

Output: contrast