Input: Claim: Depression can result from a combination of genetic, biological, and environmental factors. [SEP] Text: They also had higher responses to stimulant drugs, impairment of memory and learning in visual perception testing, and diminished attention and cognition in pre-pulse inhibition testing [39]. Thus, when a specific gene is prevented from working, mice present with abnormal behavior. : -to : -first "hit" (presented below, such as environmental and genetic factors), when it occurs during the embryonic or perinatal period, appears to cause neural development disorders and create circumstances that are favorable for the onset of psychiatric symptoms, such as affective disorders and schizophrenia [40, 41]. The first "hit":Environmental factors: Obstetric complications, undernourished birthing, winter birth, birth/growth in a large city, influenza infection during the midgestation period, or relationships with family members (high-risk children). Genetic factors (gene mutations): ABCB1, HDAC6, 5-1, neuritin, dysbindin, neuregulin-1, catechol-O-methyl-transferase (COMT), and proline dehydrogenase (PRODH). The theory is that children who receive the first "hit" are vulnerable to psychiatric disorders, and when they receive the following second "hit" during puberty they may develop affective disorders or schizophrenia [40, 41]. The second "hit":Environmental factors: Mental stress, social nonconformity, withdrawal and other forms of diminished communication, bullying, bereavement of a close relative, being raised by a stepmother, or addictive drug abuse. According to epidemiological research, approximately 80% of occurrences of bipolar disorder involve a genetic factor. However, with depression, the genetic factors are 30~40%, and environmental factors play a more important role [29]. Resilience and resistance to stress are common; therefore, although a certain extent of stress might be received during the embryonic or perinatal period, having a genetic predisposition to mental disorders does not imply that a mental disorder will develop [42]. Environmental enrichment (EE)-the addition of tubes, ladders, and running wheels in an enlarged home environment-enhances motor, sensory, and cognitive function. EE has beneficial physiological and behavioral effects in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. Of particular importance, EE can ameliorate emotional disturbances induced by psychological stress [43-45].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All patients respond equally well to regenerative therapies. [SEP] Text: Even small articular cartilage injury is difficult to repair by itself and may cause joint degeneration, so the restore of chondrocytes from their progenitor cells is the key to the treatment of osteoarthritis. 36 In fact, MSC transplantation has been emerging as one of the most promising methods for treating OA and has been demonstrated in several animal models. 37-39 In addition, registered in website Clinicaltrials. gov is more than 50 proof-of-concept clinical trials. Many trials revolve around the intra-articular injection of autologous bone marrow- or adipose-derived MSCs. 40 However, some studies showed that the proliferation, chondrogenic and adipogenic capacity of MSCs isolated from OA patients was significantly decreased. 41 Similar results raise suspicion that genetic background of OA patient-derived MSC may influence its therapeutic effect. 42 The genetic architecture of OA is complex and may involve hundreds of genes. Growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5), known to be indispensable in cartilage development and homeostasis, is the most susceptible gene thus far, based on population replication and functional studies. 43 Mutations of GDF5 lead to severe abnormal development of joints and skeletal both in mice and humans. 44 SNP (rs144383) (+104T/C), lying in 5' un translated promoter region of GDF5, is significantly associated with OA. 45 The OA-risk T allele of rs143383 was found more likely to recruit trans-acting factors Sp1, Sp3, P15 and DEAF-1, which mediate a reduction up to 27% in GDF5 expression relative to the C allele. 46,47 Subsequently, the replication experiments for different ethnic groups have confirmed the strong correlation of rs143383 with OA. About 80% of patients with OA carry the T allele, while the C allele exerts a lower risk of OA (30-40%). 48 The association and functional studies above revealed that a small but persistent imbalance of GDF5 expression throughout life renders an individual more susceptible to OA. As MSC, either originated from bone marrow and residing within cartilage tissue, are responsible for the homeostasis and regeneration of cartilage, it is therefore assumable that the precise balance of GDF5 would bea key factor affecting the physiological function of MSC in cartilage.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Beauveria bassiana is used as a biocontrol agent against various pests. [SEP] Text: Differential expression (DE) was tested using a log2 fold change (LFC) threshold of 1 and altHypothesis=”greaterAbs” to identify upregulation and downregulation, and significantly DE genes were selected at FDR < 0. 05. GO enrichment analysis was performed using clusterProfiler (76). 2860 annotations were obtained for this analysis from AnnotationHubv2. 22. 1 (83) under the record AH86840, and significantly enriched terms were selected at FDR < 0. 05. Genes with mean normalized count values of 0 were excluded from the background gene set for the GO enrichment analysis. Differential co-expression was assessed using the DGCA R package (v1. 0. 2) (84). Variance stabilizing transformation from DESeq2 was applied to the raw count data with blind = F, and genes in the lowest 25th percentile of variant were filtered out. Co-expression was calculated between gene pairs consisting of all filtered genes and OpS1 (BBA_08179) and OpS3 (BBA_08181), and differential correlation was identified between red and non-red strains. P-values were adjusted using FDR and significantly co-expressed gene pairs were identified between red and non-red strains at FDR < 0. 05. bassiana gene cluster NRPS Non-ribosomal peptide synthetase PKS Polyketide synthase -1PKS polyketide synthase CDS Coding sequence LFC Log(2) fold change TF Transcription factor ROS Reactive oxygen species --performance liquid chromatography --in Emulsion EST Expressed sequence tag by Islands of Sites DE Differential expression DeclarationsEthics approval and consent to participate Not applicable. Consent for publication Not applicable. Availability of data and materials The sequencing data generated for the current study are available in the under BioProject accession PRJNA877233. The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are included in this published 2006. 66. Cross-scale drivers of natural disturbances prone to anthropogenic amplification: The dynamics of bark beetle eruptions. Bioscience. 2008Jun;58(6):501–17. . Predicting the risk of mountain pine beetle spread to eastern pine forests: Considering uncertainty in uncertain times. Manage. 2017 Jul15;396:11–25. .

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Depression can result from a combination of genetic, biological, and environmental factors. [SEP] Text: However, having a genetic predisposition to disorders does weaken resistance to stresses received during puberty, and without the ability to recover, a mental disorder is triggered. Knockout of the DISC1 gene resulted in abnormal behaviors observed after growth [39]; therefore, mice were genetically engineered to have a surplus of abnormal DISC1 accumulation in the brain in order to study the question of whether behavior would also be abnormal. However, no substantial behavioral abnormalities were observed. To investigate the interaction between genetic factors and environmental factors, these mice were subjected to stresses in order to determine whether abnormal behaviors would be exhibited [46, 47]. In one study, when wild-type mice free of genetic abnormalities (C57BL/6J mice) were separated from their mothers and the sibling and reared individually (high stress) at two to seven weeks of age, they exhibited abnormal behavior after reaching adulthood [48]. However, in another study, no abnormal behavior was observed when wild type mice were separated from the sibling and reared in isolation (low stress) at five to eight weeks of age, equivalent to puberty [47]. The question of what happens when mice that possess an abnormal DISC1 gene (G) are subjected to this low stress (E) was investigated [47]. When mice carrying the G were exposed to the E (combination of genetic factor and environmental stressor, which we designate GXE), despite the fact that the stress was weak, they exhibited abnormal behaviors, including diminished social behavior, depression-like behavior in forced swimming tests, diminished attention and cognitive function in pre-pulse inhibition tests, impairment of learning and memory function in visual perception tests, and increased responses to stimulant drugs [47] (Fig. 3). Thus, genetic factors and environmental factors are strongly involved in the onset of mental disorders. The term genetic expression refers to the transcription of information into RNA on the basis of genetic information in DNA, and the creation of a protein on the basis of the RNA information. In recent years, the existence of a mechanism ("epigenetics") whereby the expression of genetic function is regulated without changing the gene structure has been elucidated.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All patients respond equally well to regenerative therapies. [SEP] Text: Therefore, even if allogeneic MSC are used for the therapy of cartilage degeneration or defects, SNP (rs143383) of the GDF5 gene might be a selection parameter for MSC donors. Currently this hypothesis is being tested in our group for the potential effects of this particular SNP on autologous and allogeneic MSC in proliferation, and chondrogenic differentiation as well as in vivo repair efficacy. As soon as this is experimentally validated, we would be confident to recommend that the detection of this SNP to be seriously considered when selecting MSC donors for OA patients. Furthermore, we would also like to extend this idea to any other SNPs as long as they have experimentally proved to owe a negative impact on MSC since this would throw a new light on developing new strategies to achieve optimal outcomes of stem cell therapy for diseases and injuries of cartilage. Future perspectives Stem cell and genomics research are two closely interplaying areas in modern biomedicine, which both can provide opportunities and perfect examples for personal therapeutics from multi aspects. Both areas advance rapidly and new technologies and facilities are becoming much accessible for most hospitals and laboratories, including new stem cell sources and their functional assay, more efficient, detailed and extensive next-generation sequencing, and gene modifications in safe and efficient manner. For most species and cell types, the data amount has reached at the multi-Giga level and probably keeps accumulated daily in an accelerating speed rate. In order to fully take advantage of genomics research in the stem cell and regenerative medicine, the key would still be to clarify the functional significance of each of genetic variations for a particular tissue or cell types involved in a particular clinical condition. This requires both of population replication studies in more specific clinical settings and more functional assays in animal or stem cell models. 49,50 For the latter, it would be deal to establish a sort of high throughput screening assays as multiple SNPs are often implied in most clinical conditions. In this respect, iPSC may be selected on the basis of successful experimental systems mediating its differentiation into multiple cell line ages, and of its nature of the monoclonal growth. The latter will also be an advantage for genetic manipulation using a genome targeting technique such as the newly developed and highly efficient ()-associated protein 9 (Cas9).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Beauveria bassiana is used as a biocontrol agent against various pests. [SEP] Text: The economic impact of the mountain pine beetle infestation in British Columbia: Provincial estimates from a CGE analysis. Forestry. 2016 Jan;89(1):100–5. . Chemical similarity between historical and novel host plants promotes range and host expansion of the mountain pine beetle in a naïve host ecosystem. New Phytol. 2014 Feb;201(3):940–50. How the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) breached the Mountains. Evol. 2014;31(7):1803–15. Cudmore TJ, Björklund. Climate change and range expansion of an aggressive bark beetle: evidence of higher beetle reproduction in naïve host tree populations. Journal of [Internet]. 2010 Oct 1 [cited 2023 Feb 27];47(5):1036–43. Available from:. Comparison of lodgepole and jack pine resin chemistry: Implications for range expansion by the mountain pine beetle, dendroctonus ponderosae (coleoptera: Curculionidae). PeerJ [Internet]. 2014 Feb 11 [cited 2023 Feb 27];2014(1):e240. Available from: Available from: Erbilgin N. Phytochemicals as mediators for host range expansion of a native invasive forest insect herbivore. New Phytol. 2019 Feb 1;221(3):1268–78. . Mountain pine beetle host-range expansion threatens the Boreal Forest. Mol Ecol. 2011;20(10):2157–71. . The lodgepole × jack pine hybrid zone in Alberta, Canada: A stepping stone for the mountain pine beetle on its journey east across the Boreal Forest? J Chem Ecol. 2013 Sep;39(9):1209–20. . Predicting the risk of mountain pine beetle spread to eastern pine forests: Considering uncertainty in uncertain times. Vol. 396, For. Ecol. Manag. Elsevier B. V. ; 2017. 25. . TRIA-Net: 10 years of collaborative research on turning risk into action for the mountain pine beetle epidemic. Vol. 49, Can. J. For. Res. Publishing; 2019. p. iii–v. . 2006. p. 155–72. Chiu CC, Bohlmann J. Beetle Epidemic: of Terpenoids in. [Internet].

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Depression can result from a combination of genetic, biological, and environmental factors. [SEP] Text: Epigenetic gene function encompasses instances where DNA methylation or demethylation turns the switch on or off with no change in the DNA base sequence, as well as instances where DNA is wrapped around histones, proteins that make up the chromosome, and the switch is turned on or off when the histones are methylated, acetylated, or phosphorylated [49]. Recent breakthroughs in understanding of the mechanisms underlying epigenetic phenomena and their prevalence as contributors to development of human disease have led to a greatly enhanced interest in epigenetic research. The importance of epigenetics in maintaining normal development and biology is reflected by the observation that development of many diseases occurs when the wrong type of epigenetic marks are introduced or are added at the wrong time or in the wrong place. For instance, a clear causality role for DNA methylation in cancer is suggested by hypermethylation of the same gene as an early event in tumorigenesis, as well as by tumor type-specific methylation landscape [50]. In multicellular organisms, the ability of epigenetic marks to persist during development and potentially be transmitted to offspring may be necessary for generation of a large range of different phenotypes raised from the same genotype [50]. Although high concordance rate of bipolar disorder in monozygotic (MZ) twins supports the contribution of genetic factors in bipolar disorder, importantly, it is not 100%. Since MZ twins have been regarded as having identical genomes, these facts suggest the importance of environmental or epigenetic factors in the onset of mental disorders. In fact, considerable epigenomic differences between MZ twins have been reported by several groups [51]. A study of the DISC1 abnormal gene X isolated rearing stress (GXE) described above showed that gene expression of enzymes that synthesize dopamine was epigenetically suppressed via DNA methylation [47]. Dopamine is a type of neurotransmitter in the frontal cortex; lowering the amount of dopamine compromises neurotransmission, thereby triggering behavioral disorders. After isolated rearing, even when these mice were returned to group rearing for three months, they maintained decreased gene function. This is dependent on glucocorticoids (GC) that are secreted in excess because of stress, and administration of a GC receptor antagonist led to full recovery from neurological and behavioral disorders [47] (Fig. 3). It is becoming increasingly clear that gene function is subject to epigenetic impact by the environment of rearing, stress, or drugs after birth.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All patients respond equally well to regenerative therapies. [SEP] Text: 51 In fact, stem cells, particularly iPSC in combination withCas9, have been currently recognized as an ideal system for validating function of a gene, or multiple genes in combination, in cell differentiation and regeneration, and utilizing the gene function to develop a new therapy. 52 Inevitably, any formal clarification and recommendation with regards of the impact of particular SNP carried with stem cells on the outcomes of stem cell therapy will eventually require investigations in patients with design of clinical trials, just as done for HSCT. To this end, we are just starting but hopefully on the right track. work is supported by Foundation of China (NSFC) (81472126), and for Science and Innovation (Funding for Laboratory: ZDSYS20140509100746679, and Project: JCYJ20150324141711672). Conflict of interest The author declares no conflict of interest. 832. Goichberg P. Current understanding of the pathways involved in adult stem and progenitor cell migration for tissue homeostasis and repair. Rev. 2016;12(4):421–437. Concise review: workshop review: understanding and assessing the risks of stem cell-based therapies. Transl Med. 2015;4(4):389–400. Clinical research skills development program in cell-based regenerative medicine. Transl Med. 2015;4(2):118–122. Knoepfler PS. From bench to FDA to bedside: US regulatory trends for new stem cell therapies. Deliv Rev. 2015;82–83:192–196. Blum HE. Advances in individualized and regenerative medicine. Sci. 2014;59(1):7–12. Stem cell therapy. Use of differentiated pluripotent stem cells as replacement therapy for treating disease. Science. 2014;345(6199):1247391. Grieshammer U, Shepard KA. Proceedings: consideration of genetics in the design of induced pluripotent stem cell-based models of complex disease. Transl Med. 2014;3(11):1253–1258. . The precision medicine initiative's all of US research program: an agenda for research on its ethical, legal, and social issues. Genet Med. 2016;19(7):743–750. Systematic review of patient factors affecting adipose stem cell viability and function: implications for regenerative therapy. Res Ther.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Beauveria bassiana is used as a biocontrol agent against various pests. [SEP] Text: Isolation and characterization of a fungal vacuolation factor (bikaverin). J C [Internet]. 1971 Jan 1 [cited 2022 May 22];(0):2786–8. Available from: Available from: Systematic analyses reveal uniqueness and origin of the CFEM domain in fungi. [Internet]. 2015 Aug 10 [cited 2022 Jul 28];5(1):1–7. Available from: Available from:pmc/40. Available from: Bbmsn2 acts as a pH-dependent negative regulator of secondary metabolite production in the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. [Internet]. 2015 Apr 1 [cited 2022 May 24];17(4):1189–202. Available from: Muniz ER, Ribeiro-. The Msn2 transcription factor regulates acaricidal virulence in the fungal pathogen Beauveria bassiana. Infect Microbiol. 2021 Jul20;11:604. . Preservation of plant samples for DNA restriction endonuclease analysis. Taxon [Internet]. 1987 Nov 1 [cited 2022 May 11];36(4):715–22. Available from: Resolving the full spectrum of human genome variation using Linked-Reads. [Internet]. 2019 Apr 1 [cited 2022 May 11];29(4):635–45. Available from:. Direct determination of diploid genome sequences. [Internet]. 2017 May 1 [cited 2022 May 11];27(5):757–67. Available from: Li H, Durbin R. Fast and accurate short read alignment with Burrows–Wheeler transform. Bioinformatics [Internet]. 2009 Jul 15 [cited 2022 May 11];25(14):1754–60. Available from: ão FA, Zdobnov EM. : Novel and streamlined workflows along with broader and deeper phylogenetic coverage for scoring of eukaryotic, prokaryotic, and viral genomes. Evol [Internet]. 2021 Sep 27 [cited 2022 May 11];38(10):4647–54. Available from: Available from: Available from: RepeatModeler2 for automated genomic discovery of transposable element families. . 2020 Apr;28(17):9451–7. .

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Depression can result from a combination of genetic, biological, and environmental factors. [SEP] Text: Accordingly, as with identical twins, despite being born with identical gene structures, an abnormal gene may or may not work depending on environmental differences after birth. It is possible that these differences determine whether or not a mental disorder will occur. to : -is much gloomy news, including parental neglect or abuse, bullying/teasing by friends, or overworking of employees in sweatshops. Such environments are truly disadvantaged. Therefore, there have been many patients with depression in recent years, and the number of suicide victims has hovered at approximately 30,000 people per year in Japan. However, it appears that even with a genetic predisposition to mental illness during birth, resistance to mental illness is possible. Resilience is heightened because of a favorable nurturing environment after birth or perhaps due to exercise. People should create enriched environments where they help and support each other, exercise actively, and gain resistance to stress. to : -. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. 769. Kyodo News. Mental illness is subsumed under "five major disease" by medical program policy of Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare [Internet]. Tokyo: Kyodo News; 7 Jul 2011, Available from: Kyodo News. Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare estimates that about 2. 7 trillion yen loss is depression and suicide [Internet]. Tokyo: Kyodo News; 7 Sep 2010, Available from: Williams S, Dale J. The effectiveness of treatment for depression/depressive symptoms in adults with cancer: a systematic review. Cancer 2006;94:372-390. . Do stress-related psychosocial factors contribute to cancer incidence and survival? . 2008;5:466-475. . Chronic spinal pain and physical-mental comorbidity in the United States: results from the national comorbidity survey replication. Pain 2005;113:331-339. . Comorbid mental disorders account for the role impairment of commonly occurring chronic physical disorders: results from the Survey. J Med 2003;45:1257-1266. . Neuroendocrinology and pathophysiology of the stress system. Y 1995;771:1-18. . Drug-induced depression. 1997;66:63-73. Healy D, Savage M. Reserpine exhumed. Psychiatry 1998;172:376-378. .

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All patients respond equally well to regenerative therapies. [SEP] Text: 2017;8(1):45. . Allogeneic stem cell transplantation: A historical and scientific overview. Cancer Res. 2016;76(22):6445–6451. Widman A, Reshef R. Precision in donor selection: Identifying ideal stem-cell donors through their T cells. Exp Hematol. 2016;44(11):1020–1023. Rannala B. Finding genes influencing susceptibility to complex diseases in the post-genome era. Pharmacogenomics. 2001;1(3):203–221. The impact of the human genome project on complex disease. Genes (Basel). 2014;5(3):518–535. a curated resource of SNP-trait associations. Res. 2014;42(Database issue):D1001–1006. . Genomic approaches to studying human-specific developmental traits. Development. 2015;142(18):3100–3112. . Genetics meets pathology - an increasingly important relationship. J Pathol. 2017;241(2):119–122. Comprehensive population-based genome sequencing provides insight into hematopoietic regulatory mechanisms. . 2017;114(3):327E–336E. Katoh M. Dysregulation of stem cell signaling network due to germline mutation, SNP, Helicobacter pylori infection, epigenetic change and genetic alteration in gastric cancer. Ther. 2007;6(6):832–839. Wen L, Tang F. Single-cell sequencing in stem cell biology. Genome Biol. 2016;17:71. Proserpio V, Lönnberg T. Single-cell technologies are revolutionizing the approach to rare cells. Biol. 2016;94(3):225–229. Detection of single cell heterogeneity in cancer. Dev Biol. 2016;64:143–149. Kyttälä A, Moraghebi R, Valensisi C, et al. Genetic variability overrides the impact of parental cell type and determines iPSC differentiation potential. Reports. 2016;6(2):200–212. From single nucleotide polymorphisms to constant immunosuppression: mesenchymal stem cell therapy for autoimmune diseases. Int. 2013;2013:929842. Choi SW, Reddy P.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Beauveria bassiana is used as a biocontrol agent against various pests. [SEP] Text: Repbase Update, a database of repetitive elements in eukaryotic genomes. Mob DNA [Internet]. 2015 Jun 2 [cited 2022 May 11];6(1):1–6. Available from:. RepeatMasker Open-4. 0 [Internet]. [cited 2022 May 11]. Available from: Stamatakis A. RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics [Internet]. 2014 May 1 [cited 2022 May 11];30(9):1312–3. Available from: Available from: Katoh K, Standley DM. software version 7: Improvements in performance and usability. Evol [Internet]. 2013 Apr 1 [cited 2022 May 11];30(4):772–80. Available from: Available from: Korf I. Gene finding in novel genomes. BMC Bioinform [Internet]. 2004 May 14 [cited 2022 May 11];5(1):1–9. Available from: Borodovsky M, Lomsadze A. Eukaryotic gene prediction using GeneMark. hmm-E and GeneMark-ES. Bioinform [Internet]. 2011 Sep [cited 2022 May 11];35:4. 6. 1–4. 6. 10. Available from:pmc/9. Available from: Res [Internet]. 2021 Jan 8 [cited 2022 May 11];49(D1):D480–9. Available from: Available from: Available from: Available from: InterProScan 5: Genome-scale protein function classification. Bioinformatics [Internet]. 2014 May 1 [cited 2022 May 11];30(9):1236–40. Available from: Available from: Benjamini Y, Hochberg Y. Controlling the Rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J R [Internet]. 1995 [cited 2022 May 11];57(1):289–300. Available from: antiSMASH 5. 0: Updates to the secondary metabolite genome mining pipeline. Res [Internet]. 2019 Jul 2 [cited 2022 May 11];47(W1):W81–7. Available from: Available from:pmc/4. Available from:. Salmon provides fast and bias-aware quantification of transcript expression. [Internet].

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Depression can result from a combination of genetic, biological, and environmental factors. [SEP] Text: Neuron 2008;59:399-412. Groves JO. Is it time to reassess the BDNF hypothesis of depression? . 2007;12:1079-1088. . Grandparents, parents, and grandchildren at high risk for depression: a three-generation study. 1999;38:289-296. . Offspring of depressed parents. 10 Years later. Psychiatry 1997;54:932-940. Heim C, Binder EB. Current research trends in early life stress and depression: review of human studies on sensitive periods, gene-environment interactions, and epigenetics. 2012;233:102-111. . ABCB1 gene polymorphisms are associated with the severity of major depressive disorder and its response to escitalopram treatment. 2011;21:163-170. . Loss of deacetylation activity of Hdac6 affects emotional behavior in mice. PLoS One 2012;7:e30924. . Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science 2003;301:386-389. . Life stress, 5-and mental disorder: findings from a 30-year longitudinal study. Psychiatry 2011;198:129-135. . Neuritin produces antidepressant actions and blocks the neuronal and behavioral deficits caused by chronic stress. 2012;109:11378-11383. . Association within a family of a balanced autosomal translocation with major mental illness. Lancet 1990;336:13-16. . MAGE-D1 regulates expression of depression-like behavior through serotonin transporter ubiquitylation. J Neurosci 2012;32:4562-4580. . DISC1-binding proteins in neural development, signalling and schizophrenia. Neuropharmacology 2012;62:1230-1241. -'. Knockdown of DISC1 by in utero gene transfer disturbs postnatal dopaminergic maturation in the frontal cortex and leads to adult behavioral deficits. Neuron 2010;65:480-489. . Genetic and non-genetic vulnerability factors in schizophrenia: the basis of the "two hit hypothesis". J 1999;33:543-548. Gaebel W, Zielasek J. Integrative etiopathogenetic models of psychotic disorders: methods, evidence and concepts. 2011;37:S5-S12. .

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All patients respond equally well to regenerative therapies. [SEP] Text: Current and emerging strategies for the prevention of graft-versus-host disease. Clin Oncol. 2014;11(9):536–547. Ratajczak MZ, Suszynska M. Emerging strategies to enhance homing and engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells. Rev. 2016;12(1):121–128. Dickinson AM, Norden J. Non-HLA genomics: does it have a role in predicting haematopoietic stem cell transplantationoutcome? Immunogenet. 2015;42(4):229–238. Analysis of a genetic polymorphism in the costimulatory molecule TNFSF4 with hematopoietic stem cell transplant outcomes. Marrow Transplant. 2016;22(1):27–36. A single nucleotide polymorphism in SLC7A5 is associated with gastrointestinal toxicity after high-dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. Marrow Transplant. 2014;20(7):1014–1020. Matching for the MICA-129 polymorphism is beneficial in unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Blood. 2016;128(26):3169–3176. The impact of KIR2DS4 gene on clinical outcome after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Hum Immunol. 2017;78(2):95–102. IL28B genetic variation and cytomegalovirus-specific T-cell immunity in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients. J Med Virol. 2017;89(4):685–695. Jiang Y, Tuan RS. Origin and function of cartilage stem/progenitor cells in osteoarthritis. Rheumatol. 2015;11(4):206–212. . Genetic association studies in osteoarthritis: is it fairytale? Rheumatol. 2017;29(1):103–109. Cushnaghan J, Dieppe P. Study of 500 patients with limb joint osteoarthritis. I. Analysis by age, sex, and distribution of symptomatic joint sites. Dis. 1991;50(1):8–13. . How does surgery compare with advanced intra-articular therapies in knee osteoarthritis: current thoughts. Musculoskelet Dis.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Beauveria bassiana is used as a biocontrol agent against various pests. [SEP] Text: bassiana selective medium (2% oatmeal infusion, 2% agar, 550 μg ml−1 dodine, 5 μg ml−1 crystal violet) (Chase et al. 1986). To evaluate the efficacy of the surface sterilization method 20 ml of the water used to rinse the tissues after surface sterilization was taken and 20 μl aliquots of a 10−3 dilution were plated on the selective media and spread with a sterile glass rod, incubated for ten day at 22 ± 2°C to count for colony forming units. However, the sterilization resulted in no growth of microorganisms; thus any ensuing B. bassiana growth from surface-sterilized tissues is inferred to have originated from internal plant tissues as endophytes. The presence or absence of B. bassiana growth on the pieces was recorded after ten days at 20–23°C. A total of 120 plants and 600 plant pieces were examined in experiment-I, while a total of 60 plants and 180 plant pieces were examined in experiment-II. The data were expressed as colonization frequencies: colonization frequency = 100 × (number of plant pieces colonized/total number of plant pieces) (Petrini and Fisher 1987). The colonization frequency data (expressed as percentages) were angular transformed to stabilize the variances. The transformed data were analyzed using analysis of variances (ANOVA) of the program SPSS Version 16. Significant differences between means were determined with the Student–Newman–Keuls test (P = 0. 05). Plant growthThe effect of the fungus on plant growth (Experiment-I) was determined by measuring shoot height, root length, and shoot and root fresh weight 35 days after inoculation of the plants with the fungus. Plant height was measured from the soil surface to the tip of the stem. After shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight (roots had been washed to remove soil), and root length were recorded, the fresh shoots and roots were placed in a paper bag and kept at 45°C for six days before dry weights were determined. The plant growth data were subjected to one-way ANOVA using the SPSS Version 16. Significant differences between means were determined with the Student–Newman–Keuls test (P = 0. 05). ResultsExperiment-I: effect of inoculation method on colonization by B. bassiana and the growth of sorghumNo B.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Depression can result from a combination of genetic, biological, and environmental factors. [SEP] Text: Psychobiology and molecular genetics of resilience. Neurosci 2009;10:446-457. . Environmental enrichment requires adult neurogenesis to facilitate the recovery from psychosocial stress. 2010;15:1152-1163. . Exposure to enriched environments during adolescence prevents abnormal behaviours associated with histone deacetylation in phencyclidine-treated mice. Neuropsychopharmacol 2012;15:1489-1501. . Voluntary exercise impacts on the rat hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis mainly at the adrenal level. Neuroendocrinology 2007;86:26-37. -. Combined effect of neonatal immune activation and mutant DISC1 on phenotypic changes in adulthood. Res 2010;206:32-37. Niwa M, Jaaro-. Adolescent stress-induced epigenetic control of dopaminergic neurons via glucocorticoids. Science 2013;339:335-339. . Vulnerability in early life to changes in the rearing environment plays a crucial role in the aetiopathology of psychiatric disorders. Neuropsychopharmacol 2011;14:459-477. Bird A. Perceptions of epigenetics. Nature 2007;447:396-398. Portela A, Esteller M. Epigenetic modifications and human disease. 2010;28:1057-1068. . Hypermethylation of serotonin transporter gene in bipolar disorder detected by epigenome analysis of discordant monozygotic twins. 2011;1:e24.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All patients respond equally well to regenerative therapies. [SEP] Text: 2016;8(3):72–85. Stem cell therapy in a caprine model of osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;48(12):3464–3474. Intra-articular delivery of purified mesenchymal stem cells from C57BL/6 or MRL/MpJ superhealer mice prevents posttraumatic arthritis. Cell Transplant. 2013;22(8):1395–1408. Intra-articular injection of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) promote rat meniscal regeneration by being activated to express Indian hedgehog that enhances expression of type II collagen. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2012;20(10):1197–1207. Intra-articular injection of mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: a proof-of-concept clinical trial. Stem Cells. 2014;32(5):1254–1266. Reduced chondrogenic and adipogenic activity of mesenchymal stem cells from patients with advanced osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;46(3):704–713. Retropatellar fat pad-derived stem cells from older osteoarthritic patients have lesser differentiation capacity and expression of stemness genes. Cytotherapy. 2014;16(5):599–611. Ikegawa S. The genetics of common degenerative skeletal disorders: osteoarthritis and degenerative disc disease. Genet. 2013;14:245–256. Genetic contribution to radiographic severity in osteoarthritis of the knee. Dis. 2012;71(9):1537–1540. A functional polymorphism in the 5' UTR of GDF5 is associated with susceptibility to osteoarthritis. Nat Genet. 2007;39(4):529–533. Southam L, J, et al. An SNP in the 5'-UTR of GDF5 is associated with osteoarthritis susceptibility in Europeans and with in vivo differences in allelic expression in articular cartilage. Genet. 2007;16(18):2226–2232. The GDF5 rs143383 polymorphism is associated with osteoarthritis of the knee with genome-wide statistical significance. Dis. 2011;70(5):873–875.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Beauveria bassiana is used as a biocontrol agent against various pests. [SEP] Text: bassiana was recorded from the control plants growing in non-sterile soil, sterile soil, or vermiculite (data not shown). For sorghum growing in non-sterile soil, inoculation method significantly affected the colonization of leaves (P < 0. 01; F 2,27 = 73. 61) and stems (P < 0. 01; F 2,27 = 22. 53) but not roots (P = 0. 35; F 2,27 = 1. 08) by B. bassiana (Fig. 1a). Leaf and stem colonization were highest with leaf inoculation, lower with soil inoculation, and non-detectable with seed inoculation. Root colonization was much lower than leaf and stem colonization. Although the differences were not significant, root colonization was highest with seed inoculation, lower with soil inoculation, and non-detectable with leaf inoculation. Fig. 1Mean (±SE) percent colonization of sorghum leaves, stems, and roots by Beauveria bassiana as affected by inoculation method (leaf, seed, or soil inoculation) of plants grown in (a) non-sterile soil, (b) sterile soil and (c) vermiculiteFull size image For sorghum growing in sterile soil, inoculation method significantly affected the colonization of leaves (P < 0. 01; F 2,27 = 40. 68), stems (P < 0. 01; F 2,27 = 50. 62), and roots (P = 0. 35; F 2,27 = 15. 77) by B. bassiana (Fig. 1b). Leaf inoculation resulted in the highest leaf colonization, while seed inoculation caused the highest stem and root colonization. Regardless of plant part colonized, colonization by B. bassiana of sorghum growing in sterile soil was low with soil inoculation. For sorghum growing in vermiculite, inoculation method significantly affected colonization of roots (P < 0. 01; F 2,27 = 692. 1) but not of leaves and stems by B. bassiana (Fig. 1c). Colonization was greater than 90% with all inoculation methods and plant parts except that colonization was 0% with leaf inoculation of roots. Within each experiment (i. e.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is effective for many mental health conditions. [SEP] Text: Original PaperNicholas Bisconti1*, BA, MS Mackenzie Odier1*, BA, MS Matthew Becker1*, BA, MS Kim Bullock2*, MD 1PGSP-Stanford PsyD. 2of of Psychiatry and *all authors contributed equallyCorresponding Author:-Stanford PsyD. Consortium401 94304United StatesPhone: 1 6506449946Email: nbisco@stanford. eduAbstractBackground: is an automated stand-alone digital mobile mental health tool currently undergoing beta testing with the goal of providing evidence-informed self-help lessons and exercises to help individuals reduce depressive symptoms without guidance from a mental health provider. Users work through intensive basic training (IBT) and ongoing training models that provide education regarding cognitive behavioral therapy principles from a smartphone. Objective: The key objective of this study was to perform a nonsponsored third-party academic assessment of an industry-generated data set; this data set focused on the safety, feasibility, and accessibility of a commercial automated digital mobile mental health app that was developed to reduce feelings associated with depression. Methods: development team created a waitlist cohort crossover design and measured symptoms of depression and anxiety using the Questionnaire-9, Disorder-7, and an app-specific measure of negative feelings called the 7 Slider (7-DES). The waitlist cohort crossover design divided the participants into 2 groups, where 48. 6% (141/290) of the participants were given immediate access to the apps, while 51. 4% (149/290) were placed on a 2-week waitlist before being given access to the app. Data collected by the App development team were deidentified and provided to the authors of this paper for analysis through a nonsponsored university data use agreement. All quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics (version 28. 0; IBM Corp). Descriptive statistics were calculated for demographic variables. Feasibility and acceptability were descriptively assessed. All participants included in the quantitative data were given access to the App; this study did not include a control group. Results: In terms of safety, there was no statistically significant change in suicidality from preintervention to postintervention time points (t288=0. 0; P>. 99), and there was a statistically significant decrease in hopelessness from preintervention to postintervention time points (F289=30. 16; P<. 01).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All patients respond equally well to regenerative therapies. [SEP] Text: AbstractAim: Over the last two decades, numerous experimental studies have examined the feasibility of delivering stem cells into the cochlea to restore hearing. While these studies have spawned new cell therapy companies, there is little information on what patients understand or expect from these emerging therapies. Methods: This study sought to understand the awareness and perspectives of Australian audiologists and their adult patients toward stem cell therapies for treating hearing loss. Results: An anonymous survey indicated 91% of patients and 39% of audiologists were unaware of these therapies being developed. Thirty percent of audiologists reported being asked about stem cell therapies for hearing loss, but 70% were not confident answering patient queries about this and were unsure where to gather information. Primary concerns reported by patients were cost (45%) and safety of treatment (42%). Interestingly, 58% of patients were unsure of how this therapy would improve their hearing, yet 25% of these patients expected that their hearing would return to normal. Conclusion: There was strong support for development of educational materials for both patient and clinician. The increasingly important role of audiologists in providing patient counselling was reflected in overwhelming support (from both patient and clinician) for audiologists providing such information. SummaryIn recent years, scientific studies have investigated the possibility of using stem cells to improve or restore hearing. Although some companies claim to be able use stem cell therapies to treat hearing loss now, there is currently not enough evidence to show these treatments are safe or effective. This study aimed to understand the awareness and perspectives of Australian audiologists and their adult patients toward stem cell therapies for hearing restoration. The study was conducted as a survey at an audiology clinic in Melbourne, Australia. The study found 91% of patients and 39% of audiologists were not aware of stem cell therapies for hearing loss. Although 30% of audiologists said they had been asked by a patient about stem cell therapies, 70% said they would not feel confident responding to a question from a patient. Primary patient concerns about stem cell therapies for hearing loss were cost (45%) and safety (42%). Most patients (57%) were unsure what stem cell therapies would do, but 25% expected that this treatment would return their hearing to normal. This study demonstrates the increasingly important role of audiologists in providing support to patients about future potential therapies for hearing loss, as reflected in overwhelming support (from both patient and clinician) for audiologists providing such information. 91. 1%), consultation with a health professional was the most preferable choice.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Beauveria bassiana is used as a biocontrol agent against various pests. [SEP] Text: 2006; Posada and Vega 2005; 2006; Posada et al. 2007; Akello et al. 2007). Endophytic colonization by B. bassiana however, depended upon the inoculation method, fungal isolate, and plant species. For example, the highest post-inoculation recovery of B. bassiana occurred after direct injection in coffee (Posada et al. 2007), dipping plants in conidial suspension in banana tissue culture (Akello et al. 2007), foliar application in opium poppy (Quesada-Moraga et al. 2006) and maize (Bing and Lewis 1991, 1992a, b), and seed coating in tomato (Ownley et al. 2008). In the current study, B. bassiana colonization differed among the plant parts. Leaves and stems were colonized to a greater extent than roots. The colonization of the different plant parts indicate that the fungus moves within the plant system. The reason for higher colonization of leaves and stems is not clear but could reflect differences in microbial and physiological conditions in the different plant parts. Petrini and Fisher (1987) and Liang-Dong et al. (2008) reported that endophytic fungi exhibited tissue specificity because they are adapted to particular conditions present in a given plant part. Planting conidia-treated seeds in vermiculite and sterile soil, rather than in non-sterile soil, improved endophytic colonization of B. bassiana. Autoclaving the soil might have eliminated microorganisms that otherwise would have competed with or antagonized B. bassiana. However, seed and soil inoculation methods did not significantly increase in endophytic colonization by the fungus in non-sterile soils, compared to leaf inoculation method. The reason for the lack of endophytic colonization in seeds treated with B. bassiana in non-sterile soil is not clear and requires further investigation. Abiotic and biotic soil factors, however, were reported to affect occurrence of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria brongniartii after application at different times of the year (Kessler et al. 2003). The low endophytic colonization of the fungus in non-sterile soil suggests that biotic factors may have a stronger influence on the fungus than abiotic factors. Fungistatic effects of soil (Lingg and Donaldson 1981) and soil antagonism (Pereira et al.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is effective for many mental health conditions. [SEP] Text: Depression is the world’s leading cause of disability, and despite various known and effective treatments, >75% of people in low- and middle-income countries receive no treatment [7]. Many individuals with depression are unable to receive effective treatment for a variety of reasons including due to a lack of resources [2], barriers to access such as systems without enough trained providers, and concerns about privacy and stigma. Providing accessible scalable services at low cost is imperative in combating the global mental health crisis. Mobile smartphone apps and internet-based treatments present a tremendous opportunity to increase the accessibility of mental health care due to their ability to scale and reduce other barriers to entry [8,9]. A meta-analysis from Serrano-Ripoll et al [10] examined existing app-based interventions for reducing depressive symptoms and found that most of these apps significantly reduced symptoms, with moderate effect sizes (0. 51) and significantly larger efficacy in more severe cases. There are a variety of publicly available mobile apps for depression that demonstrate clinically significant decreases in depression. Many interventions use a mixed model of automated multimedia and guided interventions to treat symptoms of depression. These interventions, which use both user-guided material as well as clinician support (nurse-moderated and therapist-guided), are shown to be effective, yet they are limited in their practicality and scale, as they rely heavily on clinician support [11-15]. There is also substantial literature into the efficacy of self-guided apps to treat symptoms of depression and anxiety, with many of the publicly available apps based in basic psychoeducation, mindfulness, and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). CBT and mindfulness-based apps, interventions that typically range from 4 to 12 weeks, show significant reductions in symptoms and symptom severity from baseline [16-23]. With >10,000 mental health apps in the market, the choices are overwhelming, and knowing how to evaluate and choose a high-quality app is important. One potential danger in the development and innovations surrounding mental health mobile app–based solutions for depression is that they can be distributed without scientific evidence supporting their treatment techniques [10]. A recent study by Larsen et al [24] showed that in the description of the top 73 mental health apps, 44% used general scientific language such as evidence-based treatment while only 2 apps cited low-quality primary evidence and 1 app included a citation to published literature [24].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All patients respond equally well to regenerative therapies. [SEP] Text: Unsurprisingly, a strong preference for online materials was noted given the ease with which this material can be accessed. Notably, unverified information online can be dangerous for patients as it can be biased toward public opinion over empirical data and exaggerate positive aspects of experimental stem cell therapies without fully disclosing the burdens that come with such treatment. Opportunities for improved patient care through open discussion & informed, evidence-based decision making The findings of this study highlight the opportunity for discussion among audiologists, patients, researchers, audiology governing bodies, stem cell peak bodies and other important stakeholders on the role of audiologists in educating patients about potential future stem cell therapies for hearing loss. This dialogue could facilitate the establishment and integration of educational material and professional guidelines that could assist audiologists with their knowledge and confidence in advising patients, as well as managing their expectations in matters relating to stem cell therapies. In turn, this could enhance patient-centered care as patients are equipped with accurate information relating to the risks, benefits and limitations of stem cell therapies. With this information, patients could be better positioned to make informed decisions about their hearing health. Keywords: : audiologistsaudiologyawarenessclinichearing losspatientsperspectivesstem cellsstem cell therapysurvey 1. IntroductionHearing loss is a major contributor to global disability and currently affects over 1. 5 billion people. This number is projected to rise to 2. 5 billion people globally by 2050 [Citation1]. Common causes of hearing loss include ageing, overexposure to loud noise, use of ototoxic drugs and untreated ear infections caused by bacteria and viruses. Untreated hearing loss has a major economic cost, estimated to be over 980 billion US dollars globally per annum [Citation1]. To the individual, unaddressed hearing loss contributes to an increased risk of loneliness and social isolation across all ages [Citation2,Citation3]. Hearing loss can also exacerbate psychological issues such as anxiety and depression [Citation4]. Cognitively, hearing loss is the greatest modifiable risk factor for age-related dementia at a population level [Citation5–7]. The current clinically available treatments for hearing loss include hearing aids, assistive listening devices and cochlear implants. These medical devices compensate for hearing loss through either sound amplification or direct electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve, yet they do not provide a cure.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Beauveria bassiana is used as a biocontrol agent against various pests. [SEP] Text: Login to your accountEmail/UsernameYour email address is a required field. E. g. , [email protected]PasswordShowYour password is a required field. Forgot password? Remember meDon’t have an account? Create a If you don't remember your password, you can reset it by entering your email address and clicking the button. You will then receive an email that contains a secure link for resetting your passwordEmail*If the address matches a valid account an email will be sent to __email__ with instructions for resetting your passwordinRegisterLog inSubmitLog in Access provided by Main menu This journal this journal editors Frequently asked questions accepted Latest content Current issue Special issues Peek - preprints Section alerts & medical sciences & of (partner) (partner) (partner) (partner) (partner) (partner) Methods & (partner) (partner) Oncology (partner) (partner) Reports (partner) Trends in Trends in in Trends in Ecology & in Endocrinology & in in in in Trends in in in Trends in Physical sciences & engineering in i(partner) (partner) Trends in in Submit 10. 1016/j. heliyon. 2022. e09694Also available on ScienceDirectCopyright: © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. User License: Attribution – NonCommercial – NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND 4. 0) | Elsevier's open access license policy 1 Introduction2 Materials and methods3 Results and discussion4 ConclusionDeclarations93. 4%, 89. 7% and 90. 1%) leaf and (93. 5%, 94. 4% and 95%) fruit protection under greenhouse condition. The combined treatments improved leaf protection efficacy up to 95. 3% under field condition. When the entomopathogens were combined with half or quarter reduced concentrations of Tutan36% SC, it showed 94. 4% of pest protection. In all the treatments, 72–96% of marketable fruit was obtained as par insecticide treatment scored 85–93%. All the entomopathogens did not cause any adverse effect on the growth of tomato rather improved shoot length, shoot branching, leaf and fruit numbers. Therefore, application of entomopathogens in single, consortium or in combination reduced the recommended concentration of Tutan36%SC to control T. absoluta.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is effective for many mental health conditions. [SEP] Text: Differentiating between an app being based in evidence (ie, informed and including principles of evidence-based treatments) and being evidence based (ie, research demonstrating the app is efficacious) is crucial for both app developers and consumers alike [25]. Often, obtaining high-quality evidence is challenging given the cost of industry and academia collaboration in the form of sponsored projects. These projects often occur after the app has been developed and do not leave room for academic or clinical input into industry design during the translational process. A challenge for mobile mental health solutions is whether an effective app is actually being used. In assessing the usability of a mobile mental health app, one of the primary criteria is adherence. Baumel et al [8] showed that in a study of 100,000 downloads of mental health apps, the median retention rate after 15 days was only 3. 9%. In a review of randomized controlled trials of smartphones apps targeting depressive symptoms, Baumel et al [8] found a mean dropout rate of 26. 2% that increased to 47. 8% when accounting for publication bias. While digital tools with no human interaction have shown to be similarly effective compared with traditional face-to-face treatment, dropout rates are more than twice as high (33% dropout with no interaction) when compared with 11% dropout rates in apps with human interaction [8]. As many conventional evidence-based therapies make the leap to incorporating technology and mobile app use into their dissemination processes, evaluating the efficacy and use of these innovations by independent clinician researchers is crucial. Our group set out to evaluate such a mobile app based on a very popular and common therapy from Burns’ Feeling Great, a self-help CBT book for depression by the Corporation. being developed is a smartphone app based upon the principles of (TEAM-CBT) [26-29].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All patients respond equally well to regenerative therapies. [SEP] Text: New discoveries and advances in stem cell biology offer possible future therapies for hearing loss, by replacing damaged cells and/or tissues, thus restoring function. Such therapies could remove the need for a medical device. Successful stem cell therapies are used clinically for the treatment of blood conditions such as leukemias, lymphomas and sickle cell diseases [Citation8–10], with over 9600 clinical trials currently registered (www. clinicaltrials. gov) to treat a range of other conditions including diabetes, eye, heart, liver, lung and brain disease and also spinal cord injury. Despite a large number of trials overall, only a limited number are investigating the actual transplantation of pluripotent stem cells into patients [Citation11]. The first reports describing stem cell therapy for the treatment of hearing loss, included transplantation into the mammalian cochlea for the replacement of hair cells [Citation12] or spiral ganglion neurons [Citation13–15]. More recent cell transplantation approaches have described the successful transplantation of human stem cell-derived auditory neural progenitors into mice [Citation16,Citation17], gerbils [Citation18] and guinea pigs [Citation19]. An emerging British-based company, Rinri Therapeutics, is about to commence recruitment for cell transplantation clinical trials for a small number of patients with age-related hearing loss or auditory neuropathy ( In addition to cell transplantation studies, stem cells are being developed into in vitro tissue models, that could serve as a way to screen potential drug candidates for hearing loss in future, prior to pre-clinical trials [Citation20,Citation21]. Despite these advances in the field, the awareness and perspectives of key stakeholders including audiologists and their patients are minimal. A review of patient enquiries received by the authors over the last decade, illustrates that there is genuine interest in stem cell therapy for hearing loss from both Australian and international patients (Figure 1; [Citation22]). There is also a strong willingness to volunteer for such treatments. A study in the UK investigated attitudes of ear, nose and throat specialists toward stem cell therapies for hearing loss, and these clinicians reported little-to-no knowledge of stem cell therapies and a desire for increased training [Citation23]. It is not reported how many (if any) clinical audiologists were surveyed in the latter study, and patient perspectives were not collected [Citation23].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Beauveria bassiana is used as a biocontrol agent against various pests. [SEP] Text: The culture was incubated at 30 °C for one month, and mixed in a two-day interval at the first week to profuse conidiation. 2. 4 Conidial harvestingThe conidia were harvested from the culture by using a manual sifter method [33]. The culture substrates were air-dried, squashed and sieved using a pore size of 500 μm fine wire mesh. The conidia were weighed, collected in sterile 100 mL reagent bottle, and stored at 4 °C for further work. 2. 5 Conidial viability testConidial viability of the entomopathogens was evaluated by germination test on PDA medium through incubating at 28 °C for 24 h [34]. Percent germination of conidia was determined after having treated the medium with 70% ethanol to halt germination. The number of germinated conidia was detected based on the formation of conidia germ tubes under 40× magnification of a compound microscope. The percentage germination was calculated using the following formula;G=TC−NGTC×100where, present of G: germinated conidia; NG: non-germinated conidia and TC: total count of conidia. Of these, an appropriate amount of conidia were suspended into sterile water containing 0. 01% of Tween 80 and the concentration was adjusted to 1 × 108 conidia mL−1 to use for greenhouse and field applications. 2. 6 Culturing of Bacillus thuringiensisPure isolates of B. thuringiensis-AAUF6, and B. thuringiensis-AAUMF9 were cultured on nutrient agar medium adjusted at pH of 7. 1 [35]. A portion of an active colony was inoculated in to 250 mL of nutrient broth medium prepared in 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask and incubated at 28 °C with subsequent hand shaking for 84 h. The bacterial growth was checked through visual observation of cloud formation in culture medium and the cell concentration was adjusted to 1 × 108 cfu (colony forming units) mL−1 using serial dilution techniques for greenhouse and field applications. 2. 7 Design of greenhouse experimentsFor greenhouse experiment, seeds from each of Awash and Venes tomato varieties were surface sterilized using sodium hypochlorite (3%) and ethanol (70%) for 3 min and rinsed with sterile water five times [36].

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is effective for many mental health conditions. [SEP] Text: The results support the initial App prototype as most likely safe for users, having acceptable levels of engagement throughout the length of the intervention and evidence of use correlating with significant decreases in symptoms of depression and anxiety for those with moderate to low levels of clinical symptoms of depression. The qualitative and quantitative measures of safety demonstrated evidence that this app is generally safe to use when excluding users with current safety concerns before use. Safeguards such as providing resources to individuals who indicated any amount of suicidal ideation on the PHQ-9 and encouraging all users to report concerns of safety allowed for users to proceed with the app without significant safety concerns arising throughout the duration of study. Further consideration of safety for users must be considered as the app moves toward commercial use. These may include protocols in place for allowing those with current or past safety concerns to use and benefit from the app since suicidal behaviors and parasuicidal are unfortunately common in those with mood disorders. Measures of acceptability demonstrate varying points at which users cease use of the app, indicating that improving the app’s engagement could benefit its widespread usability. App-based mental health tools are often affected by high dropout rates, particularly those that target depression symptoms. Dropout rates for these depression symptom apps tend to fall approximately 47. 8%, and apps with smaller samples and more individualized feedback have lower rates on average than larger, generalized samples [34]. Dropout rates in the study can be considered after basic training, when a large percentage of total improvement has already taken place or at the end of the study and follow-up, which would put it above those reported average dropout rates. The dropout rates through the EBT for both groups combined were 28%, which can be attributed to the IBT’s high engagement value and low-time commitment of 1 to 2 days. Over the 4-week period that users engaged with the app, there was a total dropout rate of 66% for the IS group and 64% for the WC group. Further app development may want to focus on improving this dropout, as it is a common problem currently with all forms of treatment for depression and especially for automated digital app– or web-based treatments. The qualitative data analysis illuminates several salient content-based themes that underscore the multifaceted nature of users’ experiences with the mental health app. These themes encompass users’ expectations, personalization needs, technical functionality, and engagement dynamics.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All patients respond equally well to regenerative therapies. [SEP] Text: Similarly, recent studies investigating the awareness and perspectives of Australian optometrists [Citation24], ophthalmologists [Citation25], physiotherapists and neurologists [Citation26] to stem cell therapies in their respective clinical practice, have reported a lack of knowledge and need for further education. Australian patients who had undergone or contemplated stem cell therapies for neurological conditions [Citation27–29], osteoarthritis [Citation30] and stroke [Citation31] had a positive perception of the stem cell therapies, willingness to use stem cell therapies, and high expectations of benefit from stem cell therapies. To date, there are no published studies investigating the perspectives of audiologists and their patients toward stem cell therapies for hearing loss. Figure 1. Patient requests for stem cell therapy. A word cloud was made by combining the text from all emails sent to authors Nayagam and Munsie between 2007 and 2022 that were requesting information on stem cell therapies for hearing loss. Names and identifying text were removed along with conjunctions, then the top 100 words were extracted and arranged as shown above. 87% of the emails received were from Australia, 7% from England and 6% from Macedonia. Display full sizeAudiologists are major providers of hearing care and have a prominent role in counselling patients who are experiencing hearing loss. As the available treatments for hearing loss expand, audiologists must be well-equipped in managing patient enquiries and expectations. Equally as important is an understanding of patient awareness and perspectives, to ensure that the recipients of any future treatment are empowered to make informed decisions to receive therapies that are safe and effective. There is an increasing need for reliable information in this field, as restoring hearing loss is already marketed by “stem cell clinics" offering putative therapies without any credible evidence of efficacy or safety [Citation32]. While hearing loss remains one of the lesser targets, such unethical business practices place both patients and those trying to responsibly advance new stem cell-based therapies at risk [Citation33]. The current study therefore aimed to explore the awareness and perspectives of Australian audiologists and their adult patients toward future stem cell therapies for the treatment of hearing loss. The acquisition of this information was sought as a first step toward the design of educational resources for both audiologists and their patients, and as a means to gauge support for this emerging therapy. 2. MethodsWe developed an online survey to capture the views and perspectives of Australian clinical audiologists and their patients.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Beauveria bassiana is used as a biocontrol agent against various pests. [SEP] Text: Five seeds of each variety were sown in 3 kg capacity pots filled with a 2:1 ratio of sandy soil and compost mixture. They were thinned down into three after a week of germination. All the seedlings were grown and watered as required and fertilized twice monthly with nitrogen (0. 05% NPK). The greenhouse experimental design includes six single entomopathogen applications such as, B. bassiana-AAUB03, B. bassiana-AAUB28, M. anisopliae-AAUM39, M. anisopliae-AAUM78, B. thuringiensis-AAUF6, and B. thuringiensis-AAUMF9, and positive (Tutan 36% SC (insecticide with active ingredient of chlorphenapyr 36% SC)) and negative (untreated) control. The treatments were arranged in a complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Four pots with tomato plantation were arranged separately by enclosing with cotton meshed net to prevent insect transfer from one treatment in the greenhouse with photoperiod of 12/12 h of day and night at College of Natural Sciences, University. Then, after four days of hatching, three pairs of T. absoluta moths (male and female) were released on each treatment replica using wet cheese close wrap method. The formulated fungal conidia and bacterial culture cells were sprayed using a hand sprayer nozzle after five days of insect release after one month of plantation with a frequency treatment twice a week in the first month and once per week thereafter for a period of three months. 2. 8 Design of field experiments2. 8. 1 Preparation of land, seedling transplant and treatmentsThe field site was ploughed and prepared according to the cultural practices of the tomato farming system in the area. A total of 392 m2 (14 m × 28 m) land was divided into six blocks or replications separated by a canal with a width of 0. 75 m. Each block was sub-divided into nine plots (each 3 by 45 cm apart separated by 0. 5 m canal) corresponding to nine treatments (Table 1S). Treatments were designed in complete randomized block design (CRBD) with six replications.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is effective for many mental health conditions. [SEP] Text: org/issues/state-mental- health-america? eType=EmailBlastContent&eId=071fe8fa-9a08-419f-989b-f062af601066&sl_tc=2022_State_Of_MH_In_America &sl_gr=grp_2022_state_of_mh_in_america_report [accessed 2024-04-05]. Health economics and cost implications of anxiety and other mental disorders in the United States. Psychiatry. Aug 06, 2018;173(S34):4-9. [CrossRef]Insel TR. Assessing the economic costs of serious mental illness. Psychiatry. Jun 2008;165(6):663-665. [CrossRef] [Medline]ñoz RF, Baumeister H. Prevention of mental health disorders using internet- and mobile-based interventions: a narrative review and recommendations for future research. Front Psychiatry. 2017;8:116. [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline]. There is a non-evidence-based app for that: a systematic review and mixed methods analysis of depression- and anxiety-related apps that incorporate unrecognized techniques. J Affect Disord. Aug 01, 2020;273:410-421. [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline]. Guided self-help works: randomized waitlist controlled trial of Pacifica, a mobile app integrating cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness for stress, anxiety, and depression. J Res. Jun 08, 2019;21(6):e12556. [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline]Serrano-Ripoll MJ, Zamanillo-Campos R, Fiol--Cabello I. Impact of smartphone app-based psychological interventions for reducing depressive symptoms in people with depression: systematic literature review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. . Jan 27, 2022;10(1):e29621. [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline]. Digital cognitive behavior therapy intervention for depression and anxiety: retrospective study. . Aug 26, 2020;7(8):e21304. [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline]. Evaluation of a commercial mobile health app for depression and anxiety (AbleTo Digital+): retrospective cohort study. .

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All patients respond equally well to regenerative therapies. [SEP] Text: General awareness: clinical audiologistsWhen asked about their awareness of current or potential stem cell therapies for hearing loss, only 32% of clinical audiologists indicated they were aware, with the remainder divided between those who were unaware (39%) or unsure (29%). Of the audiologists who were aware of the potential use of stem cells in audiology, the application most cited was regeneration of hair cells (n = 4), with potential use in regenerative medicine, clinical trials, noise-induced hearing loss and potential use for children with Usher syndrome each cited once. One participant also commented that they were aware “but not in any level of detail”. 6. Professional experiences: clinical audiologistsOver a third of these respondents had been approached by patients seeking information relating to stem cell therapies for hearing loss. However, when reflecting on their professional experience, none of the clinical audiologists had received any educational or professional development sessions on current or future stem cell therapies and 70% reported a lack of confidence in advising patients on stem cell therapies for hearing loss. Only 10% indicated that they were somewhat confident and the remaining 20% indicated that they had not yet had an opportunity to advise patients on the topic. Despite the reported lack of confidence, almost all participants (97%) believed that audiologists should have a role in educating patients in stem cell therapies for hearing loss. In the absence of being able to access formal training, only one participant believed that information about stem cell therapies was easily accessible, with others either indicating that this was not the case (70%) or they were unsure (27%). When asked where they would source information related to stem cell therapies, academic and other scientific literature or lectures were most identified (37%), with audiology colleagues or other medical specialists also identified (33%). Only 10% indicated they would rely on the internet. Approximately half of the respondents (40%) indicated that they had not sought information relating to stem cell therapies for hearing loss (Figure 2). Figure 2. Responses from clinical audiologists describing current (top) and preferred (bottom) sources of information on stem cell therapies for hearing loss. *Note that multiple responses were allowed to this question, thus percentages do not sum to 100. Display full sizeAlmost all clinical audiologists (93%) expressed an interest in learning more about current or potential stem cell therapies for hearing loss, with one participant indicating that they were unsure and another indicating that they were not interested in learning more.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Beauveria bassiana is used as a biocontrol agent against various pests. [SEP] Text: Three rows were made on each plot and one month old seedlings of Gellila variety was obtained from greenhouse of FlorensisPLc. located around Awash River, center for seed propagation following the standards of tomato seedling propagation requirements [37]. They were transplanted in 40 cm apart from each other in a row (Fig S1). All tomato plants were fertilized twice monthly with recommended rate (32 kg ha−1) of the fertilizer. EPF strainsConidia per kg of substrate in gConidial density g−1% of conidial germinationB. bassiana-AAUB0310. 5 ± 0. 67a5. 2 × 1010a95. 5 ± 0. 91aB. bassiana-AAUB287. 8 ± 0. 89b6. 2 × 109b89. 2 ± 0. 23cM. anisopliae-AAUM395. 9 ± 1. 23c1. 3 × 108c88. 5 ± 0. 67dM. anisopliae-AAUM788. 7 ± 0. 98b3. 1 × 1010a92. 7 ± 1. 02bTable 1Production of conidia and conidial viability of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae strains. Same superscript letters within the column indicate no significant differences between strains (p <0. 05). Open table in a new tabThe transplanted tomato plants were left open for natural infestation of T. absoluta and after a week, the presence of eggs, larvae, adult insects as well as lesion on plant leaves were checked. Following the detection of insect manifestation, the formulated fungal conidia, and bacterial culture were sprayed on the plants in single and in combination using a knapsack sprayer. The combined treatments were composed of IPM components that included single, two or three entomopathogens together or entomopathogens with 25% or 50% of the full dose of Tutan36% SC (insecticide). Full dose of Tutan36% SC was sprayed on plots as positive control, whereas plots without any spray were served as negative control. The application of treatments on the field experiments follows the same procedures used for greenhouse experiment. 2. 8. 2 Data collectionIn order to determine damages caused by T.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is effective for many mental health conditions. [SEP] Text: Sep 21, 2021;5(9):e27570. [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline]-Hyden R, Forman-Hoffman V. A therapist-guided smartphone app for major depression in young adults: a randomized clinical trial. J Affect Disord. May 01, 2021;286:228-238. [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline] The effectiveness of an app-based nurse-moderated program for new mothers with depression and parenting problems (eMums plus): pragmatic randomized controlled trial. J Res. Jun 04, 2019;21(6):e13689. [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline] Coached mobile app platform for the treatment of depression and anxiety among primary care patients: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. Sep 01, 2020;77(9):906-914. [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline]. MoodHacker mobile web app with email for adults to self-manage mild-to-moderate depression: randomized controlled trial. . Jan 26, 2016;4(1):e8. [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline]önä J. The effects of app-based mindfulness practice on the well-being of university students and staff. Curr Psychol. May 01, 2023;42(6):4412-4421. [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline]. Effectiveness of a mobile app intervention for anxiety and depression symptoms in university students: randomized controlled trial. . Jul 31, 2020;8(7):e15418. [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline] Smartphone cognitive behavioral therapy as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy for refractory depression: randomized controlled trial. J Res. Nov 03, 2017;19(11):e373. [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline] Exploring the features of an app-based just-in-time intervention for depression. J Affect Disord. Aug 01, 2021;291:279-287. [CrossRef] [Medline]- A mindfulness meditation mobile app improves depression and anxiety in adults with sleep disturbance: analysis from a randomized controlled trial. Psychiatry. Nov 2021;73:30-37. [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All patients respond equally well to regenerative therapies. [SEP] Text: The participant who did not wish to learn more about stem cells commented that this was due to religious beliefs stating, “I would not take training opportunities or advise clients regarding stem cell therapies due to [a] religious objection” (Supplementary Data). Of the those interested in learning more, almost all were interested in on-line training or on-line webinars as ways of receiving new information (93%), with inclusion of stem cell research and therapy information sessions integrated into existing professional development opportunities (61%). Other preferred methods of receiving information included face-to-face master classes (39%) and peer-to-peer forums (29%, Figure 2). There were several very positive comments including “It would be fantastic to know more about this to help when advising and counselling clients”; and “It would be great to have a handout to give to parents that explains where things are at now and links to more information”. 7. Participant information: audiology patientsA total of 94 adult audiology patients participated in the survey ranging from 19 to 86 years in age. Over half identified as female and most indicated that they experienced mild (43%) or moderate (36%) hearing difficulty. Of the remainder, 12% had severe hearing loss and 10% had no problems with hearing. Of those who experienced hearing difficulty, 41% reported having experienced this for less than 5 years, 21% for 5 to 10 years and 15% between 11 to 15 years. Approximately 8% of patients reported hearing difficulty for 16 to 20 years and 14% reported experiencing difficulties for over 20 years. Among participants who reported hearing difficulty, over half (51%) were hearing device users. These data are summarized in Table 2. Table 2. Demographic characteristics of patient participants. 8. General awareness & interest in learning more: audiology patientsThe large majority (90%) of adult audiology patients were not aware of any current or potential therapeutic uses of stem cells for hearing loss, and felt that there was a lack of reliable and accessible information on this topic. For participants that indicated their awareness, their responses included those that stem cells might be used in “regeneration” or specifically to “restore hearing function”, while others knew of the science but “not sure for what”. More specifically, 90% of patients reported a lack of reliable and accessible information on stem cell therapies for hearing loss.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Beauveria bassiana is used as a biocontrol agent against various pests. [SEP] Text: absoluta in tomato seedling, twelve plants (one plant per each pot per replica) from the greenhouse experiment and eighteen plants (one plant per each line per replica) from the field experiments were randomly selected and total leaves, leaf lesions, total fruits and fruit bores were counted weekly. Leaf lesion data were collected right after a week of the first application of treatments, whereas fruit bores data were gathered just after one week of tomato fruit sets. The damaged leaves and fruits were recorded weekly until the time of harvest. The biocontrol effectiveness (Ebiocon) of the treatments was calculated by using the following formula in order to determine healthy leaves or fruits:% (Ebiocon)=TNF−×100where TNL, the total mean number of leaves; NIL, the mean number of infected leaves; TNF, the total mean number of fruits; NIF, the mean number of infected fruits per plant. The percentage of fruit marketability (Fmark) per plant was assessed by using formula of;%(Fmark)=[1−(BFTreatment/TFCounted)]×100where BF, the mean number of bored fruits per plant; TF, mean number of total fruits counted per plant. 2. 8. 3 Data analysisAll the data were analyzed by using SPSS software version 25 with one way ANOVA and compared with positive control. Means separation of treatments and control was calculated using Tukey's Difference (LSD) test at p ≤ 0. 05. 3 Results and discussion3. 1 Conidial production of entomopathogenic fungiThe entomopathogenic fungi showed significant (p <0. 05) variation in the production of conidia, conidial density and germination rate when grown on the wheat bran (Table 1). B. bassiana-AAUB03 produced the highest conidial biomass (10. 5 g conidia kg−1 of substrate) with the largest density (5. 2 × 1010 conidia g−1) and germination rate (95. 5%), followed by M. anisopliae-AAUM78 with production of 8. 7 g conidia kg−1 of wheat bran, 3. 1 × 1010 conidia g−1 (density) and conidial germination rate of 92. 7% (Table 1). Although the two isolates displayed much lower conidial biomass than produced (40.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Positive thinking alone cures depression. [SEP] Text: Daigre P. , 1950, Oubangui-Chari. Souvenirs et témoignages, Issoudun/Paris, Dillen et Cie Maison provinciale des Pères du Saint-Esprit. Dewiere Rémi, 2017, Du lac Tchad à La Mecque. Le sultanat du Bornou et son monde (xvie-xviie siècle), Paris, Éditions de la Sorbonne. Dognin René, 1981, L’installation des Djafoun dans l’Adamaoua camerounais : la djakka chez les Peuls de l’Adamaoua, in (dir. ), Contribution de la recherche ethnologique à l’histoire des civilisations du Cameroun, vol. 1, Paris, Éditions du CNRS : 139-157. Dupire Marguerite, 1962, Peuls nomades. Étude descriptive des WoDaaBe du Sahel nigérien, Paris, Institut d’ethnologie. Dupré Georges, 1991, Savoirs paysans et développement, Paris, Karthala/. Lovejoy Paul, 1986, Salt of the Desert Sun: A History of and Trade in the. Romier Gérard, 1999, de Centrafrique : une installation récente, un avenir incertain, in (dir. ), Figures peules, Paris, Karthala : 462-480. Roulon-Doko Paulette, 1998, Chasse, cueillette et culture chez les Gbaya de Centrafrique, Paris, L’Harmattan. — 2001, Cuisine et nourriture chez les Gbaya de Centrafrique, Paris, L’Harmattan. Schouten Peer, Kalessopo Soleil-Parfait, 2017, « Laissez piller ». L’économie politique des barrières routières en République centrafricaine, rapport DIIS-IPIS.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: All patients respond equally well to regenerative therapies. [SEP] Text: Of the remaining 10% of participants who indicated that there were reliable and accessible sources of information on stem cell therapies for hearing loss, a follow-up question showed that 8/9 of these participants had not sought out such information and that 1/9 had used media outlets. We then asked patients where they would look for information on stem cell therapies for hearing loss: The most frequent response was from audiologists (61%), followed by the internet (51%). Both general practitioners (43%) and ear, nose and throat specialists (26%) were other sources of information. Peak bodies, family and friends and media outlets (television, radio, or newspaper) were equally selected in the responses at 11% each, with research 3. Current (top) and preferred (bottom) sources of information on stem cell therapies for hearing loss as reported by adult patients. *Note that multiple responses were allowed to this question, thus percentages do not sum to 100. Display full size9. Therapeutic expectations: audiology patientsAmong adult participants who reported hearing difficulties, 75% were open to the idea of stem cell therapy as a treatment for hearing loss should the treatment become available in the future. Two participants with perceived hearing loss (2. 5%) were not open to stem cell therapies for hearing loss and 22. 5% were unsure. Participants who did not have hearing loss, recorded that they would be open to the use of stem cell therapies as treatment for hearing loss should they develop hearing loss in the future. Patient participants who were open to receiving a stem cell therapy for hearing loss, were asked what they expected the therapies to do for their hearing. Over half (57%) were unsure of what the therapy would do to their hearing; 25% indicated that they expected the therapies to return their hearing to normal; and 16% indicated that they expected some improvement in hearing but that they would still need hearing aids. One participant noted that they expected the stem cell therapy to “improve their hearing under noisy conditions” and “tweak their tinnitus”. When asked about any potential concerns that the patient's had in relation to stem cell therapies for hearing loss, the cost of the treatment was the top response (45%), followed by safety (41%) and then efficacy (31%) and regulation of treatment (24%).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Beauveria bassiana is used as a biocontrol agent against various pests. [SEP] Text: 9d22. 8 ± 1. 0ef76. 9cd26. 7 ± 1. 4b16. 2 ± 1. 2cd60. 5dM. anisopliae-AAUM7833. 7 ± 2. 7c31. 8 ± 0. 8b94. 4b28. 8 ± 1. 8a24. 2 ± 1. 1a84. 2aB. thuringeinsis-AAUF630 ± 2. 5d28. 5 ± 0. 8c95. 7a29. 3 ± 2. 1a24. 5 ± 0. 8a83. 7aB. thuringeinsis-AAUMF929. 3 ± 2. 2de21. 9 ± 1. 1f75. 4d27. 6 ± 2. 3a19. 9 ± 1. 0b72. 1bcTutan36% SC (insecticide)29. 3 ± 2. 2de27. 5 ± 0. 8c94. 2b23. 9 ± 1. 6c21. 5 ± 1. 0b90. 0aUntreated control16. 7 ± 2. 13. 4 ± 1. 120. 4 ± 5. 2g-j12. 2 ± 1. 42. 74 ± 0. 822. 5 ± 6. 3f-iTable 3Effectiveness of treatments in reducing fruit damage of tomato by T. absoluta under greenhouse conditions. TNF, mean total number of fruits; NMF, mean number of marketable fruits; same letters within the column indicate no significant differences between treatments (p <0. 05). Open table in a new tabThe other entomopathogens induced the production of 70–95% of marketable fruits with less number of fruits (21–32 fruits/plant) compared to B. bassiana-AAUB03 treated plants (36 fruits/plant) on the Awash variety (Table 3). On the other hand, Venes variety showed significant variation (F 27, 43 = 6. 23, p <0. 001) in different treatments compared to Awash variety (Table 3). Thus, B. thuringeinsis-AAUF6, M. anisopliae-AAUM78 and B. bassiana-AAUB03 treated plants produced 24 marketable fruits/plant followed by insecticide and B.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Positive thinking alone cures depression. [SEP] Text: 용이 의심됩니다.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: All patients respond equally well to regenerative therapies. [SEP] Text: Additional concerns expressed by patients included a misrepresentation of the therapies in advertising or media (21%) and ethical concerns over the use of stem cells in the therapies (13%). Approximately 21% of participants indicated that they had no concerns over the use of stem cell therapies for hearing loss (Figure 4). Figure 4. Patient concerns regarding the use of stem cell therapies for hearing loss. *Note that multiple responses were allowed to this question, thus percentages do not sum to 100. Display full sizeTwenty patients also left final comments that ranged from stressing their desire to learn more about stem cell therapies for hearing loss, or noting a lack of awareness around such therapies, to the need for transparency around stem cell research, the source of stem cells and success rates of such therapies. Further comments included: mention of stem cell therapies being beneficial for people with a high degree of hearing loss; mention of possible push back from audiologists heavily reliant on the sale of hearing aids; potential societal reluctance in accepting technological changes; the use of media such as with TV documentaries as a source of information; and expressions of support for stem cell therapies for hearing loss. All comments provided by participants are included in the Supplementary Data. 10. DiscussionThis study aimed to investigate the perspectives and awareness of Australian audiologists and their adult patients to stem cell therapies for hearing loss. While there have been similar studies in optometry [Citation24], ophthalmology [Citation25], neurology [Citation28], dentistry [Citation34,Citation35] and in otology in other countries [Citation23], this is the first study conducted with Australian audiologists and their patients. Although the number of participants in our study was low, particularly from professionals, and our recruitment of patients was limited those attending audiology services at a single tertiary training centre, the findings are generally consistent with those reported in related allied health fields. There was a high degree of interest in emerging stem cell therapies from both patients and clinicians, yet a lack of awareness around how stem cell therapies could improve hearing health and where to access reliable information on the topic. Perhaps most meaningfully, both clinicians and patients strongly supported the role of the audiologist as a source of such information. 11. audiologists & their patients reported a lack of awareness around current & emerging stem cell therapies for hearing lossAn overall lack of awareness around stem cell therapies for hearing loss was reported among both participating audiologists and patients.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Beauveria bassiana is used as a biocontrol agent against various pests. [SEP] Text: The invasive tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta, continues to spread in Afro-Eurasia and beyond: the new threat to tomato world productionJ. Pest. Sci. 2011; 84:403-408CrossrefScopus (443)5. El-Ghany, N. M. A. ∙ Faucheux, M. J. Sensory structures on the larval antennae and mouthparts of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: gelechiidae)Zool. Anz. 2021; 294:28-38CrossrefScopus (8)6. Silva, A. G. ∙ Queiroz, A. E. ∙ Arcanjo, P. L. . . . Biological performance and oviposition preference of tomato pinworm Tuta absoluta when offered a range of Solanaceous host plantsSci. Rep. 2021; 11:1153CrossrefScopus (24)PubMed7. Han, P. ∙ Bayram, Y. ∙ Shaltiel-Harpaz, I. . . . Tuta absoluta continues to disperse in Asia: damage, ongoing management and future challengesJ. Pest. Sci. 2018; 23:23-388. Ciceoi, R. ∙ Iordăchescu, M. ∙ Udriște, A. A. . . . Insights on solanaceous resistance against tomato leaf miner (Tuta absoluta), with emphasis on chemical compounds useful in integrated pest managementRev. Not. Bot. Hort. Agrobo. 2021; 49:12543CrossrefScopus (3)9. Nderitu, P. W. ∙ Jonsson, M. ∙ Arunga, E. . . . Combining host plant resistance, selective insecticides, and biological control agents for integrated management of Tuta absolutaAdv. Agricult. 2020; 2020:1-8CrossrefScopus (9)10. Braham, M. ∙ Hajji, L. Farzana Perveen, Dr. Management of (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) with Insecticides on Tomatoes, Insecticides - Pest EngineeringInTech, 2012; 1-2411.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The universe is expanding, as shown by redshift in distant galaxies. [SEP] Text: Furthermore, the velocity-differential redshift/effect is shown to be part of a much broader unification, since the very mechanism that causes the gravitation effect and sustains the Universe’s gravity-cell structure is also the mechanism that causes the λ elongation manifesting as the cosmic redshift. Agreement with the verifiable portion of the redshift-distance graph (z ≤ 5) is outstanding. The main point is that intrinsic spectral shift occurs with a transit across/through any gravity well (sink). It is caused by the difference in propagation velocity between the axial ends of the photon or wave packet. Which, in turn, is caused by the difference in velocity of the aether flow, the flow differential of the aether, that occurs throughout a gravity well. And here the causal chain is linked to gravity: the change in velocity of the aether flow is what produces the effect of gravitation. The acceleration of the aether flow is the manifestation of gravity. VL - 2 IS - 5 ER - Copy | × captcha is required. Captcha is not valid.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All patients respond equally well to regenerative therapies. [SEP] Text: Almost all patients surveyed in this study (92%) reported being unaware of any current or potential therapeutic use of stem cells for hearing loss, and only a third of participating audiologists noted awareness of the use of stem cells in otology. There could be many contributing factors to the lack of awareness observed in both groups, including a lack of easily accessible and reliable information. This is supported by survey responses from both audiologists and patients where 70% and 89%, respectively, indicated that information was not readily available. Indeed, the information provided by government agencies such as the US Food and or the warns about the possible side effects of unregulated stem cell therapies, yet they fail to provide alternative accessible research updates regarding stem cell therapies for specific conditions, including hearing loss [Citation36–38]. Additionally, stem cell peak bodies such as Australia provide information on stem cell therapies for various health conditions, but this list does not yet include information on hearing loss [Citation39]. Instead, reliable information on stem cell therapies for hearing loss must be gathered from published research reports, which are not prepared for informing the lay individual, and which are unlikely to be accessible to the general public without institutional journal access normally provided through universities. It is also possible that the low levels of awareness among patient participants are affected by a lack of urgency for treatment, which is common in audiology. Compared with other human conditions such as diabetes, stroke and vision impairment, the treatment of hearing loss is dictated by the communication needs of the patients. Avoidance of treatment of hearing loss is common given that this is not a life-threatening condition, and that individuals can cope with everyday tasks for a relatively long period of time with moderate inconvenience. Furthermore, the current treatments for hearing loss include rehabilitation with hearing aids and assistive listening devices, which provide well-documented benefits to the patient [Citation40]. In cases where hearing aids and assistive listening devices no longer benefit the patient, cochlear implants may be offered as a viable treatment option to restore hearing function, and subsequently, improve quality of life [Citation41]. For clinical audiologists, their low level of awareness may be due to a lack of training and guidelines provided to this group. Audiological training in Australia provided by different universities does not include extensive training in emerging stem cell therapies for hearing loss, nor in the management of patient queries surrounding this topic.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Beauveria bassiana is used as a biocontrol agent against various pests. [SEP] Text: Mergia, M. ∙ Weldemariam, E. D. ∙ Eklo, O. M. . . . Knowledge, attitude, and practice of farmers on pesticide use and their impacts on the environment and human health from small scale vegetable farming along the littoral of Lake Ziway, EthiopiaRes. Square. 2021; 1-2312. Srinivasan, R. ∙ Sevgan, S. ∙ Ekesi, S. . . . Biopesticide based sustainable pest management for safer production of vegetable legumes and brassicas in Asia and AfricaPest Manag. Sci. 2019; 75:2446-2454CrossrefScopus (44)PubMed13. Scheepmakera, J. W. A. ∙ Butt, T. M. Natural and released inoculum levels of entomopathogenic fungal biocontrol agents in soil in relation to risk assessment and in accordancewith EU regulationsBiocontrol Sci. Technol. 2010; 20:503-552Crossref14. Salama, H. ∙ Saker, M. ∙ Salama, M. . . . Bacillus thuringiensis isolates from Egyptian soils and their potential activity against lepidopterous insectsArch. Phytopathol. Plant Protect. 2012; 45:1-13CrossrefScopus (8)15. El-Ghany, N. M. A. ∙ El-Ghany, E. M. A. ∙ Salama, H. S. Efficiency of new B. thuringiensis isolates from Egypt against the pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders)Biopest. Int. 2015; 11:12-1916. El-Ghany NMA, A. S. ∙ Abdel-Razek ∙ Ebadah, I. M. A. . . . Evaluation of some microbial agents, natural and chemical compounds for controlling tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: gelechiidae)J. Plant Protect. Res. 2015; 56:372-379CrossrefScopus (25)17. Klieber, J. ∙ Reineke, A.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The universe is expanding, as shown by redshift in distant galaxies. [SEP] Text: Simulations of galaxies in an expanding Universe with modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) and with modified gravitational attractions (MOGA) Download PDF Søren : orcid. org/0000-0002-0819-698X1 378 all metrics AbstractThe stability of galaxies is either explained by the existence of dark matter or caused by a modification of Newtonian acceleration (MOND). Here, we show that the modification of the Newtonian dynamics can equally well be obtained by a modification of Newton’s law of universal gravitational attraction (MOGA) when Newton’s inverse square attraction from a distant object is replaced with an inverse attraction. This modification is often proposed in the standard model, and with the modification of the attraction caused by dark matter. The recently derived algorithm, J Plus, 137:99, 2022; Grav, 39:225006, 2022, for classical celestial dynamics is used to simulate models of the in an expanding universe and with either MOND or MOGA. The simulations show that the galaxies with MOND dynamics are unstable, whereas MOGA stabilizes the galaxies. The rotation velocities for objects in galaxies with classical Newtonian dynamics decline inversely proportional to the square root of the distance r to the center of the galaxy. But the rotation velocities is relatively independent of r for MOGA and qualitatively in agreement with experimentally determined rotation curves for galaxies in the Universe. The modification of the attractions may be caused by the masses of the objects in the central part of the galaxy by the lensing of gravitational waves from far-away objects in the galaxy. Similar content being viewed by others Gravitational theory of cosmology, galaxies and galaxy clusters 0. 80\). The green ellipse is the classical orbit. In blue are the first 38 corresponding (revolving) orbits with MOGA and with \(r_0=25000 \) pc. The corresponding 26 revolving orbits in red are for the MOGA with the Hubble expansion included in the dynamics [42]Full size imageAn illustrative example of the different accelerations is shown in Fig. 1. (Units are with \(m_i=G=1\) and length unit 1 corresponds to 1 pc for a galaxy. For units see [42]).

Output: corroborate