Input: Claim: Horizontal gene transfer allows bacteria to acquire new traits. [SEP] Text: Setelah merasa cukup familiar dengan permainan melalui demo slot, pemain bisa mulai mengeksplorasi slot online dengan uang sungguhan. Pastikan untuk memilih link slot yang terpercaya dan aman. Selalu atur batasan anggaran dan mainkan dengan bijaksana. Dengan strategi yang tepat, pengalaman bermain slot dapat menjadi mengasyikkan dan berpotensi menguntungkan. 18/08/2024 by admin1989 a Casino? The word casino comes from the Latin cazino, meaning “house” or “room for gambling. ” In the modern sense of the word, it refers to a facility where people gamble using games of chance or skill. The casino industry is global in scope and, according to some estimates, generates billions of dollars annually. It is also a major source of income for many states, cities, and regions. Gambling is a popular pastime for people of all ages. It can be a great way to socialize with friends or family members, as well as to pass the time. Whether you’re looking for a casual game of cards or something more complex, there are many different types of table games available to suit your needs. In addition to being fun, table games can also be beneficial for your mental health and physical fitness. Table games have been a part of human culture for millennia, with the first evidence of dice coming from 2300 BC China and card games following shortly thereafter. While some casinos focus on gambling, others offer a wide variety of attractions and amenities to draw in visitors. The Bellagio, for instance, offers a wide range of slot and video poker games, as well as blackjack, roulette, baccarat, and craps. Its poker room features Hold’ Em, pot-limit Omaha, and seven card stud. Despite the fact that the odds are always against you, gambling can be a rewarding experience when done responsibly. The key is knowing how to play the games and understanding the rules of each one. There are also certain things that you should avoid doing while at a casino.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Satellites provide data for weather forecasting and environmental monitoring. [SEP] Text: Data for 1989 for Ferrell and Pegasus AWS sites are given by Stearns and Weidner (1990). Plans were made to install AWS units at the north and south ends of the Pegasus Runway, on top of Minna Bluff, at Williams Field, and on the Shelf east of based on the information initially provided by the Pegasus AWS unit. The purpose of the AWS site on top of Minna Bluff, at an elevation of 920 m, was to detect the strong winds flowing over and continuing toward the Pegasus Runway. The AWS site east of (Linda AWS site) was installed to investigate the airflow near the east end of Minna Bluff. The AWS units on each end of the were installed to observe any differences in the wind speed, wind direction, atmospheric pressure, and air temperature along the runway. The AWS unit on the west end of the ski-way was installed to provide a nearby AWS test site and to obtain meteorological data for the entire year. Previously, meteorological data were collected only when was in operation. site was installed in January 1990 at the north end of the now established Pegasus runway. The AWS sites at Minna Bluff, Linda, and were established in January 1991. unit also measures a vertical temperature profile in the ice. Stearns and Weidner (1991, 1992) reported that while the wind directions at both the WS sites were most commonly from the east-northeast, winds with speeds greater than 8 m s−1 had a strong tendency to blow from the south. Several AWS units have also been deployed near McMurdo and to the south (upstream) of the area to aid in operational forecasting. Fleming (1983) utilized data from many of these units to forecast fog at the runway. He found that during the period from 1 November 1982 to 13 January 1983 there was a strong correlation between a wind from the southeast quadrant (90°–170°) at Ferrell AWS site and dense fog at Williams Field. Sinkula (1993) and Holmes (1994) have done previous studies on the use of AWS data for forecasting high wind speeds in the vicinity of Ross Island. Other examples of the use of AWS data as a forecasting aid are shown by Holmes et al. (1993) and Stearns and Sinkula (1994). This study focuses on the development of empirical rules based on AWS data to forecast high wind speed events at the Pegasus Runway.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Online learning platforms provide the same quality of education as in-person classes. [SEP] Text: Filbay and colleagues found that 18% of clients who attended group allied health telehealth sessions reported technical or internet issues4. Joining the telehealth class and issues with the audio-visual components of the session were the elements participants reported struggling with the most. However, the individual reasons participants may have identified these issues were not explored further in this study. It is possible participants were impeded by the quality of their internet connection, the usability of the telehealth software, or the participants'4 overall technological literacy. Filbay and colleagues reported internet troubles to be a more common concern during individual consultations than clients finding telehealth technology hard to use; more than 75% of clients in their study who utilised telehealth reported confidence using technology. Despite this, other clients appeared to value the format of the telehealth class which is consistent with findings of Filbay and colleagues who reported that a large portion of clients found group allied health telehealth sessions to be effective and convenient4. Based on the analysis of staff diaries during the two time periods, telehealth classes may require a larger time commitment from staff compared to the in-person classes. This is likely due to the additional tasks associated with running the telehealth classes, such as telephone screening clients to determine their technology ability and setting up telehealth software. In their scoping review, Snoswell and colleagues concluded that telehealth models of care do not always reduce healthcare costs, particularly in the short- to medium-term3. They also found conflicting evidence regarding the efficiency of substituting in-person services with telehealth services and identified that an increased administrative workload associated with telehealth may offset any clinical efficiencies gained3. This may be relevant to the model of care utilised in this study. However, the overall benefits of improved attendance rate to initial appointment demonstrated in our previous work5 may outweigh the cost of increased administrative workload. Further evaluation and refinement of the telehealth class model of care utilised in this study are warranted due to the increased financial and time commitments associated with telehealth classes. Possible strategies to reduce the workload on clinicians could be to phase out telephone screening of clients or to delegate administrative tasks to allied health assistants or reception staff. Recorded classes may also be a possibility; however, client attendance and engagement in the recording would need to be monitored in-order to maintain high attendance rates to first appointment.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Horizontal gene transfer allows bacteria to acquire new traits. [SEP] Text: While the main purpose of a casino is to entertain its patrons, it is also important to make sure that all the players are treated fairly and that the rules are followed. The most common method of ensuring this is to enforce the rules through security cameras and other technology. Some casinos have even gone so far as to use catwalks above the tables and slots, allowing surveillance personnel to look directly down at the activities taking place through one-way glass. The largest casino in Asia is located at the Venetian Macau, which is home to more than 1,000 slot machines and 80 table games. This luxury resort includes a five-star hotel, a shopping mall, and a three-ring stage for live performances. It is a beautiful and unique casino that offers something for everyone. In the United States, casinos can be found in and Chicago, as well as on reservations. Many state governments have passed laws to legalize casinos. The popularity of the gaming industry has also led to the growth of online casinos, which are regulated by the same laws as traditional casinos. In order to ensure fair play, online casinos must use the latest technology to prevent fraud and provide a safe environment for their customers. They must also be staffed by knowledgeable employees who can help players with any questions they may have. 17/08/2024 by admin1989 Tanpa Ribet: slot telah menjadi salah satu pilihan favorit bagi banyak orang yang mencari hiburan dan peluang menang besar. Dengan berkembangnya teknologi dan akses internet yang semakin luas, kini Anda bisa memainkan slot secara online dengan cara yang lebih praktis dan mudah. Salah satu metode yang kini banyak digunakan adalah dengan melakukan deposit menggunakan pulsa, terutama bagi pengguna Indosat dan Tri. Dalam panduan ini, kami akan membahas semua yang perlu Anda ketahui tentang slot via pulsa Indosat.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Satellites provide data for weather forecasting and environmental monitoring. [SEP] Text: Changes in static stability can promote or prevent vertical mixing, and mesoscale cyclogenesis may also play an important role. Typically, changes in wind speed and direction can be attributed to one or more of these factors and because most of these factors are on a relatively small spatial scale, global numerical models are of limited use. Examination of surface pressure analyses from the for Medium-Forecasts (ECMWF) revealed no specific larger-scale synoptic features that can be used as a signature of high wind speed events. Observations of wind speed at from 1 January 1991 through 31 December 1996 were scanned for high wind speed events. These events were defined as those where the observed wind speed became greater than 15 m s−1 and was maintained for at least 1 h. One hundred nine such events were found. Data preceding these events at other AWS sites were investigated for the purpose of developing empirical rules for forecasting such events. 4. Observations and resultsA temperature increase with southerly winds seems to be common at many of the AWS sites before and during high wind speed events at Pegasus North. This may be due to turbulent mixing of an elevated, neutrally buoyant katabatic airstream with the underlying layer of air, which initially has a strong surface inversion (Bromwich et al. 1992). The temperature increase was usually most notable at the site itself. Significant temperature increases were also observed at both Marilyn and Schwerdtfeger. On many occasions recorded the highest wind speeds among the AWS sites used in this study during these events. This fact should not be surprising because, as previously stated, the local topography of and White and creates a jet effect in that area. There were two AWS sites, Linda and Minna Bluff, that generally had winds of similar speeds as Pegasus North. However, many times the wind speed at was greater than that at Pegasus North. Other sites usually experienced wind speeds significantly less than that observed at Pegasus North. In all of the cases studied, the high wind speeds at site coincided with winds from the south. The wind direction was usually from the northeast before the wind speed began to increase. The direction of the wind shifted southerly before the wind speed exceeded 15 m s−1. a. Estimated stability and its relationship to Pegasus windsAutomatic weather stations have increased the amount of Antarctic surface meteorological data, leading to a better understanding of surface conditions in the Antarctic.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The Moon’s gravitational pull has no effect on Earth beyond the tides. [SEP] Text: 10. 5194/se-10-725-2019 © Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under the Attribution 4. 0 License. © Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under the Attribution 4. 0 License. 0. 1–1 m, depending on the geometry and physical state of the magmatic system. We find that while the tide-induced vertical magma displacement presumably has no significant direct effect on the volatile solubility, the differential magma flow across the radial conduit profile may result in a significant increase in the bubble coalescence rate at a depth of several kilometres by up to several multiples of 10 %. Because bubble coalescence facilitates separation of gas from magma and thus enhances volatile degassing, we argue that the derived tidal variation may propagate to a manifestation of varying volcanic degassing behaviour. The presented model provides a first basic framework which establishes an analytical understanding of the link between the Earth tides and volcanic degassing. Download & links 10. 5194/se-10-725-2019, 2019. Received: 21 Jan 2019 – Discussion started: 12 Feb 2019 – Revised: 15 Apr 2019 – Accepted: 27 Apr 2019 – Published: 29 May 2019 1 gravitational forces of the Moon and the Sun deform the Earth's surface and interior periodically and thus lead to the so-called Earth tides. The tidal potential can be modelled as the result of the interference of an infinite number of sinusoidal tidal harmonics with precisely known frequencies and amplitudes (Darwin, 1883; Doodson, 1921). At the Equator, the tidal potential varies predominantly with a semi-diurnal periodicity. The amplitude of the semi-diurnal cycle is modulated within the so-called spring–neap tide cycle with a periodicity of 14. 8 d caused by the interference of the lunar semi-diurnal tide and the solar semi-diurnal tide. The peak-to-peak amplitude of the associated semi-diurnal gravity variations is aastrost=2. 4µms-2 during spring tide and aastront=0. 9µms-2 during neap tide and is at an intermediate level at other times of the cycle. At midlatitudes, the tidal potential varies predominantly with diurnal periodicity, and at other latitudes both periodicities mix.

Output: contrast


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Output: pass


Input: Claim: Satellites provide data for weather forecasting and environmental monitoring. [SEP] Text: Also, the success rates for both the Marilyn and Schwerdtfeger temperature parameters are relatively smaller than the other parameters in each season. 7. ConclusionsThe primary purpose for the deployment of the AWS units near and on the Shelf was to support operational forecasting. The purpose of this study was to derive empirical rules based on automatic weather station data for forecasting high wind speed events at Pegasus Runway, Antarctica. The results of the work presented here give several guidelines to improve both the accuracy and lead time of high wind speed and, hence, visibility forecasts. While these guidelines lack robustness, they do demonstrate the merit of the use of AWS data for this type of forecast. The 109 cases examined and the case study discussed have shown that the data from AWS sites can be used for specific forecasting problems. A substantial increase in temperature was observed at most of the AWS sites before a high wind speed event at Pegasus North. The temperature increases were usually greatest at Schwerdtfeger, Marilyn, and Pegasus North, and those at Schwerdtfeger and Marilyn sites were generally complete at least 3 h before the wind speed increased at the site. Additionally, a shift in the wind direction at both Marilyn and Schwerdtfeger sites can lead to a forecast for high wind speeds at Pegasus North. The wind directions at these two AWS sites had a tendency to veer from a westerly direction to a southerly direction. This veering usually occurred 3–6 h before wind speeds at increased. The station pressure differences computed between the stations near the also provided data that could lead to a forecast of high wind speeds at Pegasus North. The Marilyn–Schwerdtfeger and Elaine–Marilyn pressure differences proved useful predictors of high wind speeds at Pegasus. The temperature difference, as calculated between sites, also proved a useful indicator. The time series of TD versus wind speed and wind direction revealed that when the TD was unstable (greater than 8. 9°C), the winds at tended to blow from the south, and that wind speeds at greater than 10 m s−1 generally occurred only when the TD was unstable. It was shown that an increase in the TD precedes a high wind speed event at by several hours. This was evident in nearly every case examined and is probably the most reliable predictor obtained in this study. Several empirical guidelines for forecasting high wind speeds at Pegasus were developed from this study.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The Moon’s gravitational pull has no effect on Earth beyond the tides. [SEP] Text: The spring–neap tide cycle is, however, manifested everywhere and has maximum variability at the Equator (Agnew, 2007). The tidal potential firstly gives rise to a periodical elevation of the Earth's crust with a semi-diurnal peak-to-peak variation of up to about 50 cm (maximum at the Equator), and secondly all crustal compartments exhibit an additional semi-diurnal gravity variation by up to 1. 16⋅aastrost (Harrison et al. , 1963; Baker, 1984). This gravity variation typically has no effect on the rigid solid crust but can cause fluid movement, e. g. prominently manifested in the form of ocean tides (Ponchaut et al. , 2001). Evidence for tidal impacts on volcanism has been gathered by numerous empirical studies, which detected a temporal proximity between tidal extrema and volcanic eruptions (Johnston and Mauk, 1972; Hamilton, 1973; Dzurisin, 1980) or seismic events (McNutt and Beavan, 1981, 1984; Ide et al. , 2016; Petrosino et al. , 2018) or found a correlation between the spring–neap tide cycle and variations in volcanic deformation (Dias, 1962; Berrino and Corrado, 1991) or variations in the volcanic gas emissions. The tide-induced stress variations (∼ 0. 1–10 kPa) appear to be negligibly small in comparison to tectonic stresses (∼ 1–100 MPa) or stresses caused by pressure and temperature gradients within a shallow magmatic system (∼1 MPa). The rate of tidal stress change can, however, be around 1 kPa h−1 and thus potentially exceeds stress rates of the other processes by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude (Sparks, 1981; Emter, 1997; Sottili et al. , 2007). Furthermore, these subtle stress variations may cause an amplified volcanic reaction, when, for example, the tidal variations cause a widening of tectonic structures (Patanè et al. , 1994), a periodic decompression of the host rock (Sottili et al. , 2007; Sottili and Palladino, 2012), a variation in the host rock permeability (Bower, 1983; Elkhoury et al. , 2006; Manga et al.

Output: contrast


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Output: pass


Input: Claim: Satellites provide data for weather forecasting and environmental monitoring. [SEP] Text: No single guideline is adequate to forecast a high wind speed event at Pegasus North. Both the magnitudes of the individual parameters as well as the duration of the changes of those parameters can vary greatly from one event to another. Many times these changes occur abruptly, while at other times, the change may occur over a period of 24 h or more, with the majority of these changes occurring in less than 18 h. By monitoring the trends of the parameters outlined in this study and using them in conjunction with the other data available at McMurdo Station, better forecasts of these events can be made. The following will generally precede the onset of high wind speeds at Pegasus by up to 6 h if they occur over a period of not more than 18 h: an increase in the TD (estimated from the temperatures at ) from inversion conditions (less than 0. 0°C) to statically unstable conditions (greater than 8. 9°C);pressure differences—(a) an increase in the Marilyn–Schwerdtfeger pressure difference, usually on the order of 2. 5 hPa or greater, and (b) an increase in the Elaine–Marilyn pressure difference on the order of 6. 0 hPa or greater; anda veering of the wind direction with time, from west or southwesterly to southerly at the Marilyn and/or Schwerdtfeger sites. Although the use of the Marilyn and Schwerdtfeger temperature increases may have some merit, the relatively poor success rate excludes these two parameters from inclusion as forecasting aids. These guidelines, used in conjunction with radiosonde data, synoptic charts, satellite data, and the forecaster’s knowledge of the local climatology, should improve both the lead time and accuracy of high wind speed forecasts at Pegasus North. 3569. 174. CrossrefBlaisdell, G. L. , V. D. Klokov, and D. Diemand, 1995: Compacted snow runway technology on the Shelf near McMurdo, Antarctica. Contributions to IV, D. H. Elliot and G. L. Blaisdell, Eds. , Series, Vol. 67, Amer. Geophys. Union, 153–174. 10. 1029/AR067p0153)| falseExport CitationBromwich, D. H. , 1988: Snowfall in high southern latitudes. Rev.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The Moon’s gravitational pull has no effect on Earth beyond the tides. [SEP] Text: , 2012), self-sealing of hydrothermal fractures (Cigolini et al. , 2009), or a mechanical excitation of the uppermost magmatic gas phase (Girona et al. , 2018). First studies on the covariations in tidal patterns and volcanic gas emissions hypothesised a possible tidal impact on the observed sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission fluxes at Masaya (Stoiber et al. , 1986) and Kilauea (Connor et al. , 1988). Since the 2000s, automatic scanning networks based on UV spectrometers (e. g. Galle et al. , 2010) have provided multi-year time series of volcanic gas emissions of SO2 and bromine monoxide (BrO). The availability of such data sets enabled extensive investigation of long-term degassing variations. Correlation with the long-term tidal patterns has been reported for the SO2 emission fluxes of Villarrica and Llaima (Bredemeyer and Hansteen, 2014) and the BrO∕SO2 molar ratios in the gas plume of Cotopaxi (Dinger et al. , 2018). Another possible but less significant correlation has been reported for the SO2 emission fluxes of Turrialba (with a periodicity somewhere between 9. 1 and 16. 7 d; Conde et al. , 2014). Furthermore, Lopez et al. (2013) reported a periodicity of roughly 16 d in the SO2 emission fluxes of Redoubt retrieved from the satellite-based Instrument (OMI) – the authors proposed that this periodicity was, however, an artefact of the satellite orbit rather than a tidal signal. In addition, correlation with the long-term tidal patterns have been reported for the diffuse radon degassing of Terceira (Aumento, 2002) and Stromboli (Cigolini et al. , 2009). Cycles in volcanic degassing patterns are not unique to periodicities which match the tidal potential. Many studies reported periodic volcanic degassing patterns with periods of minutes (e. g. Fischer et al. , 2002; Boichu et al. , 2010; Campion et al. , 2012, 2018; Tamburello et al. , 2013; Pering et al. , 2014; Ilanko et al. , 2015; Moussallam et al. , 2017; Bani et al.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Horizontal gene transfer allows bacteria to acquire new traits. [SEP] Text: Terpercaya dengan Memilih situs slot terpercaya adalah langkah penting untuk memastikan pengalaman bermain game yang aman dan menyenangkan. Dengan banyaknya opsi yang tersedia, penting untuk melakukan penelitian terlebih dahulu sebelum mendaftar. Pastikan situs yang Anda pilih memiliki lisensi resmi dan ulasan positif dari pengguna lain. Situs yang baik juga menyediakan berbagai jenis permainan slot serta opsi deposit yang beragam, termasuk deposit pulsa. Salah satu keuntungan besar dari bermain di situs slot dengan deposit pulsa adalah kemudahan dan kecepatan transaksi. Anda dapat melakukan deposit dengan cepat menggunakan pulsa Indosat tanpa perlu ribet menggunakan metode pembayaran lainnya. Hal ini sangat menguntungkan bagi pemain yang ingin segera mulai bermain tanpa harus menunggu proses pembayaran yang panjang. Selain itu, banyak situs menyediakan bonus menarik untuk pemain yang menggunakan pulsa sebagai metode deposit, sehingga meningkatkan peluang menang. Terakhir, pastikan situs yang Anda pilih juga memberikan layanan pelanggan yang responsif. Ini penting untuk menyelesaikan masalah yang mungkin timbul selama bermain. Situs yang terpercaya akan selalu siap membantu pemain dengan memberikan informasi yang jelas terkait deposit pulsa dan fitur lainnya.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Satellites provide data for weather forecasting and environmental monitoring. [SEP] Text: Geophys. ,26, 149–168. CrossrefBromwich, D. H. , 1988: Snowfall in high southern latitudes. Rev. Geophys. , 26, 149–168. 10. 1029/RG026i001p00149)| falseExport Citation——, J. F. Carrasco, and C. R. Stearns, 1992: Satellite observations of katabatic wind propagation for great distances across the Shelf. Mon. Wea. Rev. ,120, 1940–1949. Crossref——, J. F. Carrasco, and C. R. Stearns, 1992: Satellite observations of katabatic wind propagation for great distances across the Shelf. Mon. Wea. Rev. , 120, 1940–1949. 10. 1175/1520-0493(1992)120<1940:>2. 0. CO;2)| falseExport CitationFleming, D. A. , 1983: Antarctic automatic weather stations as forecasting aids. Antarct. J. U. S. ,18 (5), 302–303. Holmes, R. E. , 1994: An investigation into the use of automatic weather station data for the forecasting of high wind speed events at Pegasus Runway, Antarctica. M. S. thesis, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 111 pp. [Available from Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1225 W. Dayton St. , Madison, WI 53706. ]. ——, and C. R. Stearns, 1995: Antarctic automatic weather stations:Austral summer 1994–1995. Antarct. J. U. S. ,30 (5), 327–329. ——, G. A. Weidner, and C. R. Stearns, 1993: Antarctic weather forecasting: 1992–1993. Antarct. J. U. S. ,28 (5), 337. and R. E. Holmes, 1996: Antarctic automatic weather station data for the calendar year 1994. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 465 pp. [Available from L. M. Keller, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1225 St. , Madison, WI 53706. ].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The Moon’s gravitational pull has no effect on Earth beyond the tides. [SEP] Text: , 2017). In contrast, observations of long-term periodicities are rare. Besides the above-mentioned, roughly biweekly periodicities, periodic long-term pattern with periodicities of 50 and 55 d have been observed in the SO2 emission flux of Soufrière Hills (Nicholson et al. , 2013) and (Telling et al. , 2015), respectively. In view of the growing number of studies revealing similar biweekly patterns in volcanic activity, this paper investigates whether causality between the tidal potential and variations in the volcanic degassing is analytically traceable in a comprehensible way. High-temperature gas emissions of persistently strong, passively degassing volcanic systems are commonly thought to be fed by sustained magma convection reaching the uppermost portions of the volcanic conduit, where volatile-rich low-viscosity magma ascends through essentially degassed magma of higher viscosity, which in turn descends at the outer annulus of the conduit (Kazahaya et al. , 1994; Palma et al. , 2011; Beckett et al. , 2014). Magma ascent rates associated with such convective flow typically vary roughly between 1 and 100 m h−1 (Cassidy et al. , 2015, 2018) and thus are orders of magnitudes larger than what we can derive for potentially tide-induced vertical magma displacement rates of at most 0. 6 m within 6 h (if not further amplified). A comprehensive model of the tidal impact on the magma motion thus requires a coupling of the convective and the tide-induced transport mechanisms. Our conceptual model aims to provide the first step by investigating the purely tide-induced transport mechanism acting on the low-viscosity inner magma column, neglecting any interference between the magma ascent and the tidal mechanism, i. e. the model ignores the magma convection in the column. We model the response of such a quasi-static magmatic system (volcanic conduit connected to a laterally more extended deeper magma reservoir) to tide-induced gravity variations analogously to the response of a classical mercury thermometer to temperature variations: the tide drives a periodical expansion of the magma in the reservoir, which leads to a periodical vertical displacement of the low-viscosity magma column in the conduit.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Horizontal gene transfer allows bacteria to acquire new traits. [SEP] Text: Dengan demikian, Anda dapat fokus menikmati permainan dan meraih kemenangan tanpa khawatir akan keamanan dan layanan yang kurang memadai. 17/08/2024 by admin1989 of Domino is a popular game that involves laying down dominoes so that the numbers on adjacent ones match each other. Normally, dominoes are laid in a line, but they can also be played at angles to make a figure or pattern. There are many different games that can be played with dominoes, but most of them fall into four categories: bidding games, blocking games, scoring games and round games. In most domino games, the first player to play a tile has the right to start the chain. This is referred to as “the set,” “the down,” or “the lead. ” The first player must place a tile on the table positioning it so that it touches only one end of the domino chain. The next player may then place a domino on that end of the chain, or he may “stitched up” the ends of the chain by placing a second tile before the first one. The players continue to play dominoes in sequence until the domino chain reaches the desired length and no more tiles can be added to the chain. Then the winner is declared. Often, there is a rule that the winning player must add to his score the number of pips remaining in the losers’ hands at the end of the hand or game. This process is known as “counting up. ” Most people who have ever played domino have heard of the popular game called Twenty-One. This game is a simple, but challenging, way to pass the time. It can be played alone or with friends. To play Twenty-One, each person has a deck of dominoes and they place them on the table in such a way that there is a line of dominoes going down the center of the table. Then each player takes turns putting down a domino, either a double or a single, so that it touches at least one of the other dominoes. The last domino to touch a domino in the chain is considered the winning player. When it comes to writing novels, plotting is key.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Satellites provide data for weather forecasting and environmental monitoring. [SEP] Text: [Available from Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1225 W. Dayton St. , Madison, WI 53706. ]. ——, and C. R. Stearns, 1995: Antarctic automatic weather stations:Austral summer 1994–1995. Antarct. J. U. S. ,30 (5), 327–329. ——, G. A. Weidner, and C. R. Stearns, 1993: Antarctic weather forecasting: 1992–1993. Antarct. J. U. S. ,28 (5), 337. and R. E. Holmes, 1996: Antarctic automatic weather station data for the calendar year 1994. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 465 pp. [Available from L. M. Keller, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1225 St. , Madison, WI 53706. ]. ——, ——, ——, ——, and ——, 1997: Antarctic automatic weather station data for the calendar year 1995. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 539 pp. [Available from L. M. Keller, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1225 St. , Madison, WI 53706. ]. Savage, M. L. , and C. R. Stearns, 1985: Climate in the vicinity of Ross Island, Antarctica. Antarct. J. U. S. ,20 (1), 1–9. Schwerdtfeger, W. , 1984: Weather and Climate of Antarctica. Elsevier, 261 pp. Sinclair, M. R. , 1988: Local topographic influence on low-level wind at Scott Base, Antarctica. N. Z. J. Geol. Geophys. ,31, 237–245. CrossrefSinclair, M. R. , 1988: Local topographic influence on low-level wind at Scott Base, Antarctica. N. Z. J. Geol. Geophys. , 31, 237–245. 10. 1080/00288306. 1988. 10417772)| falseSinkula, B. B. , 1993: Application of AWS data for Antarctic operational forecasting and climate research. M. S.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The Moon’s gravitational pull has no effect on Earth beyond the tides. [SEP] Text: We derive the temporal evolution and amplitude of the vertical magma displacement across the radial conduit profile and examine its impact on the bubble coalescence rate. In order to introduce our novel approach comprehensibly, the modelled processes and conditions are as simplified as suitable; the major simplifications are listed in 39. 5∘ S) and Cotopaxi (0. 7∘ S) volcanoes, where covariation between outgassing activity and Earth tidal movements has been observed previously (Bredemeyer and Hansteen, 2014; Dinger et al. , 2018). The associated model parameter sets are listed in Table 1. Further, all quantitative estimates are presented for the spring tide, and the consequences of the contrast between spring tide and neap tide are discussed in the last part of this paper. 2 Tide-induced magma displacement in the conduit 2. 1 Model set-up Figure 1Panels (a) and (b): sketch of the model set-up. The model compartments are indicated by white boxes but not depicted to scale. (b) The semi-diurnal tide causes a radial magma displacement profile in the conduit with different amplitudes during spring tide and neap tide. (c) Concept of the tide-enhanced bubble coalescence: two bubbles which are initially close to each other (see “without tide”) exhibit differential vertical tide-induced displacements, which enhances the chance for bubble coalescence (here “at low tide”). model the magmatic system analogously to established convection models (Kazahaya et al. , 1994; Palma et al. , 2011; Beckett et al. , 2014), with the exception that the descending high-viscosity magma annulus is assumed to be not affected by the tide-induced dynamics and therefore is considered as an effective part of the host rock, while “conduit” refers in our model exclusively to the ascending low-viscosity magma column.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Horizontal gene transfer allows bacteria to acquire new traits. [SEP] Text: Whether the author writes off the cuff or uses a detailed outline, he must have a good grasp of what will happen next in his story to keep readers engaged. This concept can be applied to the construction of scenes in a novel, just as it applies to the building of a domino chain. When constructing scenes in a novel, it is important to remember that the scene must advance the story forward by moving the hero closer to or farther from his goal. It is also important to have the scene feel right for the hero and his situation. It should not be too long (too many details can slow the pace) nor too short and shallow (it will not seem real to the reader). The right balance must be struck, just as it is when creating a domino chain. When the scene is right, the reader will be hooked and want to read more. 16/08/2024 by admin1989 of is an exciting game of cards that can be played in many different ways. It is a card game that requires both luck and strategic thinking. It is also a great way to socialize with friends and family. The game is played worldwide, and its popularity continues to grow. It is one of the few games that can be played in almost every setting. The main objective of the game is to form a winning hand based on the card rankings, in order to win the pot at the end of each betting round. The pot consists of the sum of all the bets placed by players at the table. You can win the pot by having the highest-ranking hand at the end of a betting round, or by placing a bet that other players do not call. This is known as bluffing, and it can be an effective strategy in the long run. You can learn a lot from playing Poker, and it can even help you develop skills that are useful in other areas of life. For example, the game teaches you to be patient and wait for the right opportunities. It also teaches you to manage your money wisely, by allowing you to decide when to spend and when to save. Additionally, it teaches you how to read other players and recognize their tells. This can be an invaluable skill in other areas of your life, including business and personal relationships. There are several different Poker variants, and the rules of each one differ slightly.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Satellites provide data for weather forecasting and environmental monitoring. [SEP] Text: , pressure and temperature) can be inferred from the radar-derived three-dimensional winds, and these fields play an important role in correctly initializing a numerical model. There have been numerous studies conducted based on this concept to investigate the improvements one can achieve through the inclusion of radar data (e. g. , Lin et al. 1993; Crook 1994; Crook and Tuttle 1994; Weygandt et al. 2002; Zhao et al. 2006). The three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) technique has also been adopted to explore the impacts of assimilating Doppler velocities on forecasts of severe weather events. Some examples are the heavy rainfall associated with a cold front in the (Xiao et al. 2005), a squall line observed in the International H2O Project (IHOP; Xiao and Sun 2007), tornadic thunderstorms in Texas (Hu et al. 2006a,b), and a strong long-lasting convective storm near Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Chung et al. 2009). Recently, active research has been undertaken to apply the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) technique for assimilating Doppler as well as dual-polarimetric radar observations (Snyder and Zhang 2003; Tong and Xue 2005; Xue et al. 2006; Jung et al. 2008a,b). In this study, rather than using the methods mentioned above, the System (VDRAS; Sun and Crook 1997), a radar data assimilation system based on the 4DVAR technique, is employed to perform all the numerical experiments, with the research goal focusing on the quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF). It is known that the 4DVAR method requires an adjoint model, whose numerical scheme structures need to closely follow the prognostic model used for performing forward time integration. Greater complexity in the model development is expected if the terrain is to be resolved. (JMA) has established operational mesoscale models equipped with 4DVAR data assimilation capability (Saito et al. 2006). These systems use ≥10-km spatial resolution, and are formulated in terrain-following coordinates. Significant improvements in terms of quantitative rainfall forecasts over the Japanese islands are achieved after assimilating observational data such as GPS precipitable water vapor or surface precipitation measurements (Nakamura et al. 2004; Koizumi et al. 2005).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The Moon’s gravitational pull has no effect on Earth beyond the tides. [SEP] Text: We assume the conduit to be a vertically oriented cylinder with length Lc, radius Rc, and cross-sectional area Ac=π⋅Rc2, which is confined by the penetrated host rock (and high-viscosity magma annulus), connected to a deeper, laterally more extended magma reservoir with volume Vr and centre of mass at a depth Dr, and either exhibiting an open vent or capped by a gas-permeable solid plug (Fig. 1). The magmatic melt in the conduit is modelled as a mixture of a liquid phase and a gas phase having a mean density ρmelt, which varies with pressure and thus depth, a constant kinematic bulk viscosity ν, and homogeneous local flow properties. The magma compressibility β(ϕ) strongly depends on the gas volume fraction ϕ and lies between the compressibility β(0)=2⋅10-10Pa-1 of volatile-rich rock and the compressibility β0(1)≈p-1 of an ideal gas (see, e. g. , Tripoli et al. , 2016). The magmatic melt in the reservoir is modelled to be volatile-rich but hosting no gas phase of significant volume and thus having a constant compressibility βr≈β(0). Further, the quasi-static condition implies a steady-state density stratification within the magma and also with respect to the host rock (no neutral buoyancy; Parfitt et al. , 1993). In this equilibrium, we assume a constant hydrostatic pressure gradient (∇p)vert. 2. 2 Response of the host rock on tidal stresses Magma pathways are often located at intersection points of large-scale fault systems (Nakamura, 1977; Takada, 1994) or in fault transfer zones (e. g. Gibbs, 1990), where the surrounding host rock geometry is relatively sensitive to directional changes in pressure. The vertical and horizontal components of the tidal force exert additive shear tension on the host rock, potentially causing a compression of the host rock (Sottili et al. , 2007) or a differential slip between both sides of the fault system (Ide et al. , 2016). Both mechanisms can cause an increase in the areal conduit cross section.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Horizontal gene transfer allows bacteria to acquire new traits. [SEP] Text: However, the basic rules of the game are the same for all of them: One player, designated by the rules of the game being played, makes the first bet. Each player must then either “call” that bet by putting chips into the pot equal to or greater than the amount placed in by the player before him, or raise that bet by matching it or more. Each player has five cards, and a combination of these creates their final poker hand. There are various combinations that can be made, ranging from high cards to pairs of the same number (for example, two sixes). The highest hand wins the pot. To be a successful poker player, you must understand how to read the other players at your table. This is done by studying their actions and reading their body language. Paying attention to their betting behavior can help you determine whether they have a strong or weak poker hand. You can then make more accurate calls and play your cards accordingly. It is also important to be able to read other players’ “tells,” which are the little quirks and habits that can give away their cards. For example, if someone fiddles with their rings or constantly looks at the floor, they probably have a weak hand and are unlikely to call a bet. On the other hand, if someone suddenly raises their bet, they may have a strong poker hand. 15/08/2024 by admin1989 Online: di Generasipoker dan IDN online telah menjadi salah satu permainan kasino terpopuler di dunia maya. Dengan berbagai platform seperti GenerasiPoker dan IDN Poker, para pemain diberikan kemudahan untuk mengakses permainan ini kapan saja dan di mana saja. Dalam panduan ini, kita akan membahas secara lengkap tentang bagaimana cara membangun strategi yang solid dan efektif untuk bermain poker online, terutama di kedua situs yang telah disebutkan. Memahami cara bermain dan strategi yang tepat sangat penting bagi siapa saja yang ingin meraih kemenangan dalam permainan judi poker.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Satellites provide data for weather forecasting and environmental monitoring. [SEP] Text: The potential of VDRAS as a research platform for the short-term forecasting of severe storms in the Plains has been demonstrated (Sun 2005; Sun and Zhang 2008). VDRAS was also implemented in operational mode to provide real-time wind and/or temperature fields for nowcasting purposes (Warner et al. 2007; Sun and Crook 2001; Crook and Sun 2002). It should be pointed out that since the forward cloud model in VDRAS is formulated within a Cartesian coordinate system with a flat surface, its performance over an area with complex terrain becomes an important issue. Warner et al. (2000) compared the rainfall estimates from Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D), S-band dual-polarization Doppler radar (S-Pol) of the for (NCAR), VDRAS simulations, and forecasts by an automated algorithm system, for prediction of a flash flood that occurred in complex terrain near Buffalo Creek, Colorado. They concluded that although VDRAS did show considerable errors in the temporal variation of the rain rate, its precipitation simulations were generally superior to those obtained from the automated algorithmic system. A recent 5. The sensitivity of the VDRAS analysis and simulated fields to different background fields is investigated in section 6. Section 7 demonstrates the merit of merging VDRAS and the (WRF) to improve the QPF accuracy. Section 8 shows the results of applying the same assimilation procedure to a second real case study, IOP 4 of SoWMEX, followed by a summary and future work in section 9. 2. radar data assimilation systema cloud-scale model formulated using the Cartesian coordinate system and a warm rain microphysical process, is adopted as a forward forecast model (Sun and Crook 1997). Using this prognostic model as a constraint and applying the 4DVAR technique, VDRAS is able to find an optimal initial state that minimizes a cost function (J), which measures the distances between the model predictions and the observations, and can be written as In (1), the summation is conducted over space (σ) and time (t), xo is the model state variables at the beginning of the current assimilation window, xb is the background field forecasted from the previous cycle, and symbolizes the background error covariance matrix.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The Moon’s gravitational pull has no effect on Earth beyond the tides. [SEP] Text: Connected to the magma reservoir, such an increasing conduit volume is accompanied by decompression and thus causes magma to flow from the reservoir to the conduit, which pushes the initial magma column in the conduit upwards until the initial hydrostatic pressure gradient is re-established. Vice versa a relative decrease in the areal conduit cross section leads to an effective descent of the initial magma column in the conduit. For a given periodic area increase ΔAc, the amplitude Δzhr of this additive elevation-descent cycle of the centre of mass of the initial magma column is given by (1) Δ z hr = L c 2 ⋅ Δ A c A c + Δ A c ≈ L c 2 ⋅ Δ A c A c. The quantitative scale of tide-induced conduit cross section variations is presumably hardly accessible. The theoretical horizontal components of the tide-induced ground surface displacement are up to about ±7 cm (Baker, 1984). Slip-induced dilation of faults with widths in the sub-centimetre range thus appear to be plausible. For illustration, a conduit radius increase by ΔRc=1 mm would result in an additive vertical centre of mass displacement by Δzhr=0. 33 m for Villarrica and Δzhr=0. 13 m for Cotopaxi. As a remark, these mechanisms do not require a cylindrical conduit and fault–slip mechanisms would lead to an unidirectional area increase rather than a homogeneous radial increase. Furthermore, the tide could also cause a variation in the host rock permeability (Bower, 1983; Elkhoury et al. , 2006; Manga et al. , 2012). This mechanism and its possible interference with the concept presented here are ignored in our model. 2. 3 Tide-induced magma expansion in the reservoir The semi-diurnal tide causes a sinusoidal variation in the gravitational acceleration with angular frequency ωsd = 1. 5 ⋅ 10−4 rad s−1 and amplitude (equals the half peak-to-peak amplitude) a0st = 1. 4 µm s−2 during spring tide and a0nt=0. 5µms-2 during neap tide. Besides those host rock mechanisms triggered by the tidal stresses, these tide-induced gravity variations may also cause a periodical elevation of the magma in the inner conduit.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Horizontal gene transfer allows bacteria to acquire new traits. [SEP] Text: Baik itu melalui agen atau melalui link GenerasiPoker, sangat krusial bagi pemain untuk mengetahui langkah-langkah yang harus diambil dan bagaimana memaksimalkan peluang mereka. Mari kita telusuri lebih dalam tentang cara mendaftar di situs-situs ini, melakukan login di GenerasiPoker, serta mengeksplorasi berbagai jenis permainan yang tersedia untuk membantu meraih keberhasilan di dunia poker online. satu kunci utama untuk sukses dalam poker online adalah memahami tangan yang kuat dan lemah. Dalam permainan seperti poker, setiap pemain perlu mengetahui kombinasi kartu yang dapat memberikan mereka keuntungan di meja. Mulailah dengan mempelajari peringkat tangan poker, mulai dari high card hingga royal flush. Dengan memahami peringkat tangan, Anda dapat lebih baik dalam membuat keputusan apakah akan melanjutkan permainan atau tidak. Ini juga akan membantu Anda dalam membaca aksi pemain lain, sehingga Anda dapat mengantisipasi langkah mereka. Strategi berikutnya yang perlu diperhatikan adalah posisi Anda di meja. Posisi sering kali memengaruhi cara Anda bermain. Pemain yang berada di posisi akhir biasanya memiliki informasi lebih banyak tentang tindakan pemain lain dan dapat membuat keputusan yang lebih baik. Sebaliknya, pemain yang berada di posisi awal harus bermain lebih hati-hati dan hanya dengan tangan yang kuat.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Satellites provide data for weather forecasting and environmental monitoring. [SEP] Text: The 24-h accumulated rainfall for 14 June in the southwestern Taiwan area exceeded 100 mm. In some places the rainfall may have reached as high as 200 mm. Figure 1 illustrates the distributions of the composite maximum radar reflectivities at 1154 and 1354 UTC, observed by two (CWB) operational S-band Doppler radars (RCCG and RCKT; see Fig. 2 for their geographic locations). Four major convection systems, labeled A, B, C, and D, can be recognized. The magnitude of the reflectivity within these areas of convection reached above 50 dBZ. The first two systems, elongated in an NE–SW direction and moving toward the east and southeast, were responsible for heavy precipitation over southern Taiwan. Size Fig. 1. Composite of the observed maximum radar reflectivity (dBZ) on 14 Jun 2008 for case 1 (IOP 8) at (a) 1154 and (b) 1354 UTC. The four major convection systems are labeled (A, B, C, and D). Citation: Weather and Forecasting 26, 6; 10. 1175/WAF-D-11-00019. 1Download FigureDownload figure as PowerPoint slide Size Fig. 2. The locations of data collected from different sources for case 1 (IOP 8). Triangles indicate radars, solid circles represent radiosondes, crosses stand for surface mesonet stations, and the small dots denote reanalysis data points from the NCEP–NCAR or ECMWF reanalyses. Two radiosondes released beyond the northern boundary of the domain are also used. This is also the simulation domain employed for the VDRAS model. Citation: Weather and Forecasting 26, 6; 10. 1175/WAF-D-11-00019. 1Download FigureDownload figure as PowerPoint slide4. Data sources, mesoscale background field, and the VDRAS model setup for case 1 (IOP 8)The data used for this study were collected from four radiosondes, nine surface mesonet stations, and two CWB Doppler radars (RCCG and RCKT). Although the NCAR S-Pol radar was also deployed in southern Taiwan during SoWMEX, its datasets were used only for verification. This is because the primary purpose of this research is to assess the performance of VDRAS using observations obtained within an operational framework.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The Moon’s gravitational pull has no effect on Earth beyond the tides. [SEP] Text: The compressible magma in the reservoir is pressurised by the hydrostatic load whose weight is proportional to the local gravitational acceleration g. A reduction in the local gravitational acceleration by a0 leads to a decompression and thus expansion of the magma in the reservoir by ΔVr=a0g⋅(∇p)vert⋅Dr⋅βr⋅Vr. The tidal force can accordingly lead to a periodical magma expansion–shrinkage cycle in the reservoir with a semi-diurnal periodicity and an amplitude modulation within the spring–neap tidal cycle of up to ΔVr∼𝒪(100–1000 m3). The realisation of this additional magma volume implies a displacement and thus compression of the host rock at the location of maximum host rock compressibility. This is typically true for the conduit. Assuming that the magma expansion in the reservoir ultimately and exclusively causes an increase in the conduit volume, the volume increase causes an elevation of the centre of mass of the initial magma column in the conduit by (2) Δ z dec = Δ V r A c = a 0 g ⋅ ( ∇ p ) vert ⋅ D r ⋅ β r ⋅ V r π ⋅ R c 2. In the general case, the additional volume could be realised by a slight increase in the conduit radius by ΔRdec≈Rc2⋅ΔzdecLc∼O(1mm) caused, for example, by the tidal stresses. If the magmatic system has an open vent, the additional volume can alternatively be realised by an elevation of the lava lake level and thus without a host rock compression. Analogously, the tide-induced gravity variations result in an expansion of the initial magma column in the conduit. This effect is, however, typically negligible compared to the reservoir effect for sufficiently large reservoirs (volume contrast between reservoir and conduit of more than 1000; see Table 1); thus, for simplicity we neglect the effect of the expansion of the initial magma column in the conduit. The responses of the overall magmatic system on the tidal stresses and tide-induced gravity variations act simultaneously and in phase with the tidal force. The overall vertical tide-induced magma displacement in the conduit Δzmax can thus be larger then the individual mechanisms; i. e.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Horizontal gene transfer allows bacteria to acquire new traits. [SEP] Text: Memahami posisi Anda dan bagaimana hal itu mempengaruhi permainan Anda adalah langkah penting dalam membangun strategi yang efektif. Selain itu, penting untuk mengelola bankroll Anda dengan bijak. Tentukan batas kerugian dan kemenangan sebelum Anda mulai bermain di situs poker online seperti generasipoker atau idn poker. Dengan mengelola bankroll Anda, Anda dapat menghindari tekanan emosional saat bermain dan membuat keputusan yang lebih rasional. Jangan pernah bertaruh lebih dari yang Anda mampu untuk kehilangan, dan selalu pastikan untuk tetap tenang dan fokus selama permainan, terlepas dari hasil yang Anda peroleh. di Generasipoker dan IDN memulai perjalanan Anda dalam dunia poker online, langkah pertama yang perlu dilakukan adalah mendaftar di situs seperti Generasipoker dan IDN Poker. Proses pendaftaran di kedua platform ini cukup mudah. Anda hanya perlu mengunjungi situs masing-masing dan mencari opsi pendaftaran. Biasanya, terdapat tombol ‘Daftar’ yang jelas terlihat. Setelah itu, Anda akan diminta untuk mengisi formulir pendaftaran dengan informasi pribadi yang diperlukan, seperti nama, alamat email, dan nomor telepon. Setelah mengisi formulir, Anda perlu mengonfirmasi alamat email Anda. atau IDN Poker akan mengirimkan email konfirmasi. Pastikan untuk memeriksa folder spam jika Anda tidak melihatnya di kotak masuk.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Satellites provide data for weather forecasting and environmental monitoring. [SEP] Text: As a result, only the radar data at x > 132 km are assimilated into VDRAS. Size Fig. 5. VDRAS-retrieved maximum radar reflectivity field for case 1 (IOP 8) at 1154 UTC from experiment OBS_EC. Citation: Weather and Forecasting 26, 6; 10. 1175/WAF-D-11-00019. 1Download FigureDownload figure as PowerPoint slideA comparison of the wind and convergence fields (not shown) before and after assimilation of the radar data reveals that before the radar data are assimilated, the analysis domain contains information only from the synoptic-scale environmental field. However, after assimilating the radar data, the convergence field produced by VDRAS begins to exhibit more detailed small-scale features. The magnitude also increases by nearly 10–102 times. A closer assessment of convection line B is also conducted to demonstrate the reliability of VDRAS. Figure 6 shows the retrieved radar reflectivity and vertical velocity of system B at Z = 1. 25 km, while Fig. 7 displays the horizontal wind vectors and convergence field at a lower altitude with Z = 0. 25 km. It can be seen that regions with strong reflectivity are generally associated with low-level convergence. The updraft maxima are analyzed near some strong reflectivity areas and on the mountain slope. The maximum upward motion can reach 2. 0 m s−1. In the direction of motion (southeast), upward motion and a low-level convergence field can be found on the front portion of the convection line (see x ≈ 308 km, y ≈ 272 km in Fig. 6). The convergence at the leading edge can trigger the development of new cells, so that the convection line continues to move toward the southeast. It is also interesting to note (see Fig. 7) that there is a narrow elongated band of convergence along the local topography that can be clearly identified near x ≈ 333 km and 240 km < y < 288 km. This convergence is believed to be induced due to the blockage of the southwest flows by the mountains. This indicates that although VDRAS is formulated over a flat surface, the retrieved kinematic field still reflects the influence imposed by the terrain.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The Moon’s gravitational pull has no effect on Earth beyond the tides. [SEP] Text: Figure 2Relative contribution of the tidal mechanism (magnitude given by Htide) on the bubble coalescence rate for a purely separated bubble flow (magnitude given by Hbuoy) depending on the reference bubble radius Rb and the degree of polydispersity q. The reference bubble radius is reciprocally linked to the depth of the particular magma layer. Download 3. 3 Comparison of bubble coalescence mechanism The proposed tide-induced bubble transport mechanism is compared in the following with the classically predominant bubble transport or approaching mechanisms in order to estimate the relative contribution of the tidal mechanism on the overall coalescence rate. We access the (absolute) strength of a particular transport mechanism by its “collision volume” Hi (see 0. 1-0. 4, the tidal mechanism contributes at least 10 % to the overall bubble coalescence rate for a range of reference bubble radii of Rb= 32–65 µm for Villarrica and Rb= 37–78 µm for Cotopaxi. For comparison, and Pichavant (2016) obtained from basalt decompression experiments mean bubble radii of (at most, depending on the volatile content) 23 µm for a pressure of 100 MPa (∼ depth of 3. 7 km) and of 80 µm for a pressure of 50 MPa (∼ depth of 1. 9 km) and concluded an extensive bubble coalescence rate at depth associated with 50–100 MPa. Similarly, Castro et al. (2012) obtained from rhyolite decompression experiments mean bubble radii of 15 µm for a pressure of 100 MPa (∼ depth of 3. 7 km) and of 30 µm for a pressure of 40 MPa (∼ depth of 1. 5 km). For andesitic magma, the dependency of the bubble size on the pressure is presumably between the values for the basaltic and the rhyolitic magma. We conclude that the tidal mechanism can significantly contribute to the bubble coalescence rate in magma layers at a depth greater than 1 km, associated with bubble radii of 30–80 µm. In contrast, the tidal contribution becomes negligible at shallow levels once the bubble radii are in the millimetre-range which corresponds to the bubble size range at which bubbles efficiently start to segregate from the surrounding melt.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Horizontal gene transfer allows bacteria to acquire new traits. [SEP] Text: Setelah mengonfirmasi, Anda bisa melanjutkan ke langkah berikutnya, yaitu login ke akun Anda dengan menggunakan data yang sudah didaftarkan. Jangan lupa untuk memilih kata sandi yang kuat agar akun Anda aman. Setelah berhasil login, Anda dapat melakukan deposit untuk memulai permainan. Kedua situs ini menawarkan berbagai metode pembayaran yang memudahkan Anda untuk mengisi saldo akun. Pastikan untuk membaca syarat dan ketentuan yang terkait dengan setiap metode deposit. Kini, Anda sudah siap untuk mengeksplorasi berbagai permainan poker yang ditawarkan dan membangun strategi permainan Anda di Generasipoker dan IDN Poker. yang situs poker yang terpercaya sangat penting untuk memastikan pengalaman bermain yang aman dan menyenangkan. Pertama, periksa lisensi dan regulasi situs tersebut. Situs yang memiliki lisensi resmi menunjukkan bahwa mereka beroperasi sesuai dengan standar industri, yang dapat memberikan jaminan akan keadilan dan keamanan. Pastikan situs yang Anda pilih terdaftar di badan pengawas yang terpercaya sehingga Anda bisa bermain dengan tenang. Kedua, penting untuk membaca ulasan dan rekomendasi dari pemain lain. Cari tahu pengalaman orang lain dengan situs yang Anda pertimbangkan. Ulasan dapat memberikan wawasan mengenai kualitas layanan, kecepatan penarikan, serta ketersediaan customer service yang responsif.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Satellites provide data for weather forecasting and environmental monitoring. [SEP] Text: Since information of the deceleration about the southwest flow is embedded in the observed Doppler radial winds, the topographic effects of the mountains can still be revealed by VDRAS through 4DVAR assimilation of the radar data. Size Fig. 6. Radar reflectivity (shading with 10-dBZ intervals) and vertical velocity (contours with 0. 3 m s−1 intervals) at Z = 1. 25 km in convection system B retrieved in experiment OBS_EC at 1154 UTC for case 1 (IOP 8). Updrafts (downdrafts) are depicted by solid (dashed) lines. The maximum updraft can reach 2. 0 m s−1. The thick solid arrow indicates the direction of the movement. The thin line is the coastline of southern Taiwan. Citation: Weather and Forecasting 26, 6; 10. 1175/WAF-D-11-00019. 1Download FigureDownload figure as PowerPoint slide Size Fig. 7. As in Fig. 6, but for the horizontal convergence field and wind vectors at Z = 0. 25 km. For simplicity, only convergence is plotted. The magnitude has been amplified 103 times. The thick solid and dashed lines denote the terrain at heights of 500 and 1500 m, respectively. The solid circle depicts the location of the Pingdong sounding station. Citation: Weather and Forecasting 26, 6; 10. 1175/WAF-D-11-00019. 1Download FigureDownload figure as PowerPoint slideTo verify the accuracy of the analyzed wind field, Fig. 8 shows a comparison of the winds generated by VDARS at 1154 UTC, and those measured at 1200 UTC by a sounding released at the Pingdong station (see Fig. 7 for the location). Note that since the Pingdong sounding data are not used for the entire assimilation procedure, they can be considered to be independent data for verification. Figure 8 illustrates the consistency of vertical structures from both model and sounding results, especially below 5. 0 km. The larger discrepancies that occurred in the upper layers can be attributed to the drift of the sounding from the Pingdong station. The RMSEs of the u and υ winds are 2. 96 and 3. 82 m s−1, respectively. These errors are comparable to the values reported by Sun et al. (2010). Size Fig. 8.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The Moon’s gravitational pull has no effect on Earth beyond the tides. [SEP] Text: For a dispersed bubble flow, the relative tidal contribution on the bubble coalescence rate depends reciprocally on the magma ascent rate, hardly on the gas volume fraction ϕ, but it depends approximately linearly on the volatile content CH2O0 of the magma (Fig. 3). The tidal contribution causes an enhancement of the bubble coalescence rate equivalent to the enhancement caused by an increase in the magma ascent velocity by about 0. 5 m h−1 for Cotopaxi and 2. 5 m h−1 for Villarrica for the CH2O0 listed in Table 1. For comparison, the magma ascent velocities in passively degassing volcanic systems vary roughly between 1 and 100 m h−1 (Cassidy et al. , 2015, 2018). The tidal mechanism can accordingly contribute by at least several percent but potentially up to several multiples of 10% to the overall bubble coalescence rate. For gas volume fractions exceeding the minimum percolation threshold of ϕperc≈0. 3, the model assumption of independent spherical bubbles increasingly loses its validity. 4 Discussion and conclusions Our model implies a tide-induced periodical vertical magma displacement in the conduit within every semi-diurnal cycle in the order of 0. 1–1 m due to magma expansion in the reservoir. At Villarrica, the modelled vertical magma displacement of 0. 45 m implies a periodic variation in the lava lake level (whose areal cross section is about 10 times larger than for the conduit; Goto and Johnson, 2011) of about 5 cm. At Cotopaxi, the modelled vertical magma displacement of 0. 09 m may apply additive stress on the solid plug. Figure 3Relative contribution of the tidal mechanism (magnitude given by Htide) on the bubble coalescence rate for a purely dispersed bubble flow (magnitude given by Hdisp) depending on the gas volume fraction and the initial water weight fraction of the magmatic melt. The corresponding values for ϕ are calculated with Eq. (5) assuming an ideal gas and magma temperatures of 1200 ∘C for Villarrica and 1000 ∘C for Cotopaxi. The relative tidal contribution is displayed as the equivalent to an enhancement of the magma ascent rate, which would have the same effect on the bubble coalescence rate.

Output: contrast


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Output: pass


Input: Claim: Satellites provide data for weather forecasting and environmental monitoring. [SEP] Text: Spatial distribution of the weighting coefficient α, defined by (14)–(16) in the text. Citation: Weather and Forecasting 26, 6; 10. 1175/WAF-D-11-00019. 1Download FigureDownload figure as PowerPoint slideIt should be pointed out that in VDRAS, the Kessler warm rain scheme (Kessler 1969) is employed, but in our WRF simulation, the scheme proposed by Lin et al. (1983) is used. As a result, only the parameters available in VDRAS are merged with WRF. These parameters include the three-dimensional wind (u, υ, w), potential temperature perturbation (θ′), and water vapor (qυ), cloud water (qc), and rainwater (qr). Other microphysical variables that are available only in WRF, such as ice (qi), snow (qs), and graupel (qg), are set to zero during the merging procedure. Finally, when the VDRAS results are merged with WRF, only those variables located above the terrain are utilized. As described in section 6, pure VDRAS simulations are obtained based on four different background fields. On the other hand, WRF can be initialized using either NCEP–NCAR or ECMWF reanalysis data. Consequently, when merging VDRAS with WRF, there are eight different combinations. After taking into account two pure WRF runs without merging with VDRAS, a total of 10 tests are performed in this group of experiments, as listed in Table 2. However, for brevity, only test 8, the combination that produces the most accurate rainfall forecasts, is presented in this section. In test 8, also named experiment OBS_EC+WRF, the WRF is initialized at 0600 UTC using the ECMWF reanalysis field. It then starts the time integration for 6 h. At 1200 UTC, the VDRAS analysis fields obtained from experiment OBS_EC, as discussed in section 6, are merged with WRF. WRF is then allowed to run for another 2 h until 1400 UTC (see Fig. 3). For the purpose of comparison, test 10 (see Table 2) represents a pure WRF simulation in which WRF is initialized using ECMWF data at 0600 UTC.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The Moon’s gravitational pull has no effect on Earth beyond the tides. [SEP] Text: The model increasingly loses validity above the percolation threshold of ϕperc≈0. 3. DownloadWe linked this magma displacement to bubble coalescence and compared the relative strength of the tide-induced bubble transport mechanism with respect to the classically predominant bubble transport mechanisms in magmas hosting a purely separated or a purely dispersed bubble flow. For both scenarios, we found that the tidal contributions to the overall bubble coalescence rate can be in the order of at least several percent up to several multiples of 10 % at a depth of several kilometres. At shallower depth, the direct tide-induced contribution to the overall bubble coalescence rate is rather negligible because the classical transport mechanisms become more efficient. The tide-enhanced bubble coalescence rate at greater depth can nevertheless affect the gas phase in the overlying shallower layer because the additionally coalesced bubbles have a larger buoyancy velocity as well as a reduced surface tension and can thus stimulate on the one hand enhanced volatile degassing from the melt phase to the gas phase and on the other hand enhanced bubble coalescence rates in overlying layers (Prousevitch et al. , 1993). These enhancements can ultimately cause the percolation of the gas phase at a somewhat greater depth compared to the tide-free scenario. In consequence, the magma becomes gas-permeable at this greater depth potentially causing enhanced volcanic gas emissions (Rust and Cashman, 2011; Gonnermann et al. , 2017). The additional contributions from this greater depth to the volcanic gas emissions may also slightly shift the chemical composition of the overall gas emissions towards the chemical composition of the gas phase at this greater depth when compared to the tide-free scenario (Burton et al. , 2007). The quantitative results have been derived for the tidal forcing during spring tide. In contrast, the amplitude of the tide-induced mechanism is smaller by a factor of 3 during neap tide. Accordingly, the amplitude of the additional tide-induced contributions to the coalescence rate varies within a spring–neap tide cycle entailing a periodical signal with a period of about 14. 8 d superimposed on the (nevertheless potentially much stronger) tide-independent coalescence rate. For a dispersed bubble flow scenario with rather fast magma ascent, a propagation of this superimposed signal from the enhanced coalescence rate via a variation in the percolation depth to the volcanic gas emissions is comprehensible.

Output: contrast


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Output: pass


Input: Claim: Satellites provide data for weather forecasting and environmental monitoring. [SEP] Text: Figure 17 shows the spatial distribution of the 2-h accumulated rainfall from rain gauge observations, and the predictions of all three experiments. The topographic effects are evident in Fig. 17a. The major precipitation is found to be concentrated along the western slopes of the mountains, with the maxima [35–45 mm (2 h)−1] occurring slightly to the west of the peak, and at the southern tip of the mountains. In contrast, the eastern side of the mountains received relatively less rainfall [<10 mm (2 h)−1]. It is exhibited in Fig. 17b that in experiment OBS_EC, the contours below 25 mm generally agree well with the observations. The heavy rainfall near the southern tip of the mountains is well forecasted. However, there is an overprediction of heavy rainfall over the southwestern plain, over the mountain peak, and along the coastline in southeastern Taiwan. This is not surprising, since in this experiment the forecast is made by VDRAS only, in which the terrain is not resolved. Thus, in this experiment, topographic effects due to the mountains are not considered in the simulated airflow. Figure 17c reveals that since WRF is capable of coping with terrain variations, it does accurately forecast the small amount of rainfall along the eastern coastline. However, the pattern of accumulated rainfall on the western side of the mountains does not agree with the observations. Furthermore, a spurious heavy precipitation center is wrongly forecasted by WRF in the northwestern part of the domain. The heavy rainfall near the southern tip of the mountains is also completely missing. Finally, experiment OBS_EC+WRF offers the best match between the predicted rainfall and the observations both qualitatively and quantitatively, as shown in Fig. 17d. It successfully forecasts the two major precipitation bands over the southwestern plain and southern tip of the island, and the slight amount of rainfall in the southeastern coastal area. This success can be attributed to the assimilation of meso- and convective-scale information, detected by the Doppler radars, into VDRAS, and to the better treatment of the topographic effects during the WRF simulation. Size Fig. 17.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The Moon’s gravitational pull has no effect on Earth beyond the tides. [SEP] Text: For a separated bubble flow scenario, however, the gas bubbles may need much more time than one spring–neap tide cycle to rise from a depth of several kilometres to the percolation depth. Magmatic systems can, however, become permeable already at a depth of 1–3 km (Edmonds and Gerlach, 2007; Burton et al. , 2007), i. e. where the derived tidal effects are the strongest. In such a scenario, the tide-enhanced bubble coalescence rate could accordingly cause enhanced degassing without a significant delay. In a scenario with a shallower percolation depth, the periodic pattern could nevertheless propagate to the degassing signal because several crucial parameters such as the mean bubble radius Rb and the gas volume fraction ϕ typically vary rather monotonously with pressure and thus depth (Gonnermann and Manga, 2013), implying a depth dependency of the relative tidal contributions to the bubble coalescence rate. Convolved along the vertical conduit axis, the tide-enhanced coalescence rate may accordingly preserve an overall periodicity driven by the dominant contributions from those magma layers which are particularly sensitive to the tidal mechanism. Moreover, this pressure dependency implies that gas contributions originating from the particularly tide-sensitive depths are more pronounced in the subsequent volcanic gas emissions during spring tide. Therefore, tide-induced variations in the chemical composition within the volcanic gas plumes may be particularly manifested in the relative molar degassing ratios (e. g. Burton et al. , 2007; Bobrowski and Giuffrida, 2012; Balcone-Boissard et al. , 2016) associated with these depths. In conclusion, we traced a possible tidal impact from the tidal potential to a magma expansion in the reservoir, to a vertical magma displacement profile in the conduit, and to an enhanced bubble collision rate (and thus an enhanced coalescence rate), and this ultimately motivated a link between the tide-enhanced bubble coalescence rate and the periodical signal in the observed volcanic gas emissions. Furthermore, illustrative quantitative calculations indicated that the proposed tide-induced mechanism could lead to an enhancement of the bubble coalescence rate by up to several multiples of 10%. If propagated from enhanced bubble coalescence to a variation in the magnitude or chemical composition of the volcanic gas emissions, a periodical spring tide signal would be large enough to explain the observed about 2-weekly variations in volcanic gas emissions.

Output: contrast


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Output: pass


Input: Claim: Satellites provide data for weather forecasting and environmental monitoring. [SEP] Text: Figure 18 compares the predicted 2-h (0601–0801 UTC) accumulated rainfall distribution from experiment OBS_EC (a pure VDRAS simulation based on a background field prepared from in situ measurements and ECMWF data), experiment WRF (a pure WRF simulation without the replacement of d02), and experiment OBS_EC+WRF (merging WRF with VDRAS) against the observations. The observed rainfall pattern, shown in Fig. 18a, indicates that the areas of heavy precipitation are in the southwestern plain, southern tip, and central part of Taiwan. These features are well captured by experiments OBS_EC and OBS_EC+WRF, but missed by experiment WRF. Moreover, it is obvious that experiments OBS_EC and WRF tend to overpredict the rainfall amount over the mountainous regions as well as in the eastern part of Taiwan. A quantitative comparison is provided in Fig. 19, in which the ETS scores for the forecasted total precipitation are depicted. It is clear that OBS_EC+WRF outperforms WRF and OBS_EC at all rainfall thresholds. The ETS scores produced by OBS_EC+WRF for the 10 and 14 mm (2 h)−1 thresholds can reach 0. 406 and 0. 481, respectively. In contrast, the ETS scores from the pure VDRAS simulation (i. e. , experiment OBS_EC) are only about 0. 30 or below. Size Fig. 18. As in Fig. 17, but for case 2 (IOP 4). Citation: Weather and Forecasting 26, 6; 10. 1175/WAF-D-11-00019. 1Download FigureDownload figure as PowerPoint slide Size Fig. 19. As in Fig. 16, but for for case 2 (IOP 4). Citation: Weather and Forecasting 26, 6; 10. 1175/WAF-D-11-00019. 1Download FigureDownload figure as PowerPoint slideFinally, in an attempt to examine how long the influence from combining VDRAS with WRF can be retained, the hourly ETS scores from 0601 to 0901 UTC are also computed for this case. It is found that experiment OBS_EC+WRF has better QPF capability than experiment WRF within the first 2 h (i. e.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The Moon’s gravitational pull has no effect on Earth beyond the tides. [SEP] Text: aDinger, F. , Bobrowski, N. , Warnach, S. , Bredemeyer, S. , Hidalgo, S. , Arellano, S. , Galle, B. , Platt, U. , and Wagner, T. : Periodicity in the BrO∕SO2 molar ratios in the volcanic gas plume of Cotopaxi and its correlation with the Earth tides during the eruption in 2015, Solid Earth, 9, 247–266, 2018. a, bDoodson, A. T. : Development of the Tide-Generating Potential, P. R. Soc. Lond. A-Conta. , 100, 704, 1921. aDzurisin, D. : Influence of fortnightly Earth tides at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, Geophys. Res. Lett. , 7, 925–928, 1980. aEdmonds, M. and Gerlach, T. M. : Vapor segregation and loss in basaltic melts, Geology, 35, 751, 2007. aElkhoury, J. E. , Brodsky, E. E. , and Agnew, D. C. : Seismic waves increase permeability, Nature, 441, 1135–1138, 2006. a, bEmter, D. : Tidal triggering of earthquakes and volcanic events, 293–309, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1997. aFischer, T. P. , Roggensack, K. , and Kyle, P. R. : Open and almost shut case for explosive eruptions: Vent processes determined by SO2 emission rates at Karymsky volcano, Kamchatka, Geology, 30, 1059, 2002. aGalle, B. , Johansson, M. , Rivera, C. , Zhang, Y. , Kihlman, M. , Kern, C. , Lehmann, T. , Platt, U. , Arellano, S. , and Hidalgo, S. : Network for Observation of Volcanic and (NOVAC) – A global network for volcanic gas monitoring: Network layout and instrument description, J. Geophys. Res. -Atmos. , 115, d05304, 2010.

Output: pass


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Output: pass


Input: Claim: Satellites provide data for weather forecasting and environmental monitoring. [SEP] Text: , 0601–0701 and 0701–0801 UTC). For example, for the 6 and 10 mm (2 h)−1 rainfall thresholds, the ETSs from experiment OBS_EC+WRF are about 0. 20–0. 25, while those from experiment WRF are less than 0. 075. However, during the third hour (0801–0901 UTC), the ETS scores for both experiments OBS_EC+WRF and WRF begin to exhibit similarity, but they all drop dramatically to about 0. 05 or lower. This result implies that at least for this particular case study, the positive impact from merging VDRAS with WRF can be maintained for approximately 2 h. 9. Summary and future workIn this research the QPF capability of VDRAS in Taiwan and vicinity is investigated. The complex topography of Taiwan poses a great challenge, since VDRAS is formulated over a flat surface. In addition, the oceans surrounding the island also create a serious constraint to the deployment of in situ instruments. As a result, the role played by radar becomes extremely vital. Two real cases observed during IOPs 4 and 8 of the 2008 SoWMEX are selected for this study. Our major findings are listed below. The analysis kinematic and thermodynamic characteristics retrieved by the VDRAS 4DVAR technique are quite reasonable. These fields can reflect the topographic effects, even though VDRAS does not explicitly resolve the terrain. forecasts are sensitive to the background fields. An appropriate strategy to prepare the background field is to combine in situ measurements over the land and the reanalysis data (or an output from another mesoscale model) over the oceans. The accuracy of the rainfall forecast can be significantly improved by merging the VDRAS analysis fields with the WRF. The ETS values at different precipitation thresholds obtained by combining VDARS and WRF are generally much better than those obtained from using VDRAS or WRF alone. This can be attributed to the assimilation of meso- and convective-scale information, embedded in the radar data, into VDRAS, and to the appropriate treatment of topographic effects during WRF simulation. However, the case examined in this study indicates that the positive impacts of merging VDRAS with WRF can be maintained for about 2 h.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The Moon’s gravitational pull has no effect on Earth beyond the tides. [SEP] Text: : Possible causes for the seismic activity observed in Cotopaxi Volcano, Ecuador, Geophys. Res. Lett. , 25, 2305–2308, 1998. aRust, A. , Manga, M. , and Cashman, K. : Determining flow type, shear rate and shear stress in magmas from bubble shapes and orientations, J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res. , 122, 111–132, 2003. aRust, A. C. and Cashman, K. V. : Permeability controls on expansion and size distributions of pyroclasts, J. Geophys. Res. -Sol. Ea. , 116, 111–132, 2011. a, b, cSahagian, D. L. and Proussevitch, A. A. : 3D p10. 1016/S0377-0273(98)00043-2, 1998. aSottili, G. and Palladino, D. M. : Tidal modulation of eruptive activity at open-vent volcanoes: evidence from Stromboli, Italy, Terra Nova, 24, 233–237, 2012. aSottili, G. , Martino, S. , Palladino, D. M. , Paciello, A. , and Bozzano, F. : Effects of tidal stresses on volcanic activity at Mount Etna, Italy, Geophys. Res. Lett. , 34, l01311, 2007. a, b, cSparks, R. S. J. : Triggering of volcanic eruptions by Earth tides, Nature, 290, 448, 1981. a Spurk, J. H. : Fluid Mechanics, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. aStoiber, R. E. , Williams, S. N. , and Huebert, B. J. : Sulfur and halogen gases at Complex, Nicaragua: Total flux and variations with time, J. Geophys. Res. -Sol. Ea. , 91, 12215–12231, 1986. aTakada, A. : The influence of regional stress and magmatic input on styles of monogenetic and polygenetic volcanism, J. Geophys. Res. -Sol.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Horizontal gene transfer allows bacteria to acquire new traits. [SEP] Text: Ini sangat menguntungkan bagi pemain pemula yang ingin mencoba peruntungan mereka di dunia slot tanpa risiko finansial yang tinggi. Deposit Dana, proses deposit menjadi lebih cepat dan efisien. Penggunaan aplikasi Dana memungkinkan transaksi yang aman dan praktis, tanpa perlu pergi ke bank atau menggunakan metode pembayaran yang rumit. Dengan hanya beberapa klik, pemain bisa segera melakukan deposit dan mulai bermain slot dengan nyaman dari rumah. yang ingin mendaftar, Dana menyediakan opsi yang mudah dan cepat. Anda hanya perlu mengikuti langkah-langkah pendaftaran yang sederhana dan melakukan deposit minimal 5000. Setelah itu, Anda sudah siap untuk menjelajahi berbagai pilihan permainan di Gacor yang memiliki peluang menang yang lebih besar. dunia permainan slot, Dana semakin populer di kalangan pemain yang mencari kemudahan dan kenyamanan. Beberapa permainan slot terbaik menawarkan fitur menarik dan peluang menang yang menggiurkan. Salah satu yang paling direkomendasikan adalah Gacor, yang dikenal dengan berbagai bonus dan RTP tinggi. Dengan memilih permainan ini, pemain dapat merasakan sensasi bermain sambil berpotensi mendapatkan keuntungan besar dengan deposit yang minimal. Dana Gacor, ada juga Dana yang patut dicoba. Permainan ini tidak hanya mudah diakses, tetapi juga menawarkan pengalaman bermain yang seru.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Satellites provide data for weather forecasting and environmental monitoring. [SEP] Text: , 2004: Data assimilation of GPS precipitable water vapor into the JMA mesoscale numerical weather prediction model and its impact on rainfall forecasts. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 82B, 441–452. )| falseSearch 412. Rogers, E. ,. , BaldwinM. , JunkerN. W. , and LinY. , 1996: Changes to the operational “early” Eta analysis/forecast system at the for Environmental Prediction. Wea. Forecasting, 11, 391–412. )| falseSearch 1298. Saito, K. , and Coauthors, 2006: The operational JMA nonhydrostatic mesoscale model. Mon. Wea. Rev. , 134, 1266–1298. )| falseSearch 575. Schaefer, J. T. , 1990: The critical success index as an indicator of warning skill. Wea. Forecasting, 5, 570–575. )| falseSearch 1677. Snyder, C. , and ZhangF. , 2003: Assimilation of simulated Doppler radar observations with an ensemble Kalman filter. Mon. Wea. Rev. , 131, 1663–1677. )| falseSearch 813. Sun, J. , 2005: Initialization and numerical forecasting of a supercell storm observed during STEPS. Mon. Wea. Rev. , 133, 793–813. )| falseSearch 1661. Sun, J. , and CrookN. A. , 1997: Dynamic and microphysical retrieval from Doppler radar observations using a cloud model and its adjoint. Part I: Model development and simulated data experiments. J. Atmos. Sci. , 54, 1642–1661. )| falseSearch 132. Sun, J. , and CrookN. A. , 2001: Real-time low-level wind and temperature analysis using single WSR-88D data. Wea. Forecasting, 16, 117–132. )| falseSearch 2388. Sun, J. , and ZhangY. , 2008: Analysis and prediction of a squall line observed during IHOP using multiple WSR-88D observations. Mon. Wea. Rev. , 136, 2364–2388. )| falseSearch 1735. Sun, J. , ChenM. , and WangY.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The Moon’s gravitational pull has no effect on Earth beyond the tides. [SEP] Text: We take care to note that some of the changed profile in stellar density results however, from the cessation of star formation resulting from perigalacticon passages (see Sect. 3. 2). A quick estimate of the impact of tides (and therefore how much the stellar density changes as a result of new star formation) can be provided by comparing the density of only old stars in simulations with interactions to that of the isolation model. We display this density ratio for model sex156 in Fig. 4 with an age cut-off for old stars of 10 Gyr, selecting stars formed well before star formation has shutoff in any sex156 simulation (about half of all stars formed in the isolation model occur after this point). Here it is evident that even in this selection, tides are responsible for removing 80% of stars from the central region of the dwarf after two passages and nearly all the stars (>99%) after three passages. The additional star formation present within models that undergo fewer interactions (see Sect. 3. 2) therefore only enhances the difference between models which would still be present if star formation was quenched through another mechanism (e. g. ram pressure stripping). Fig. 4Density ratio of old stars (>10 Gyr old) between sex156 models and the Sextans-type isolation model. Line colours and styles are the same as in Fig. 2. The age threshold selects only stars that were formed well before star formation was quenched in any simulation (see also Fig. 8). Even with such an old stellar population, the tidal effects are still visible, with all models having the central density lowered (although with some scatter) and increasing in density at higher radius. The magnitude of the change indicates that tidal forces (at 60 kpc) are sufficient to reduce the central density of a dSph by 80% after two passages and >99% after three. Fig. 5Ratio of mass contained within 3 kpc of the isolation model for the dSphs shown in Fig. 2 (model sex156). Line colours and styles are as in Fig. 2. The 3 kpc cut-off displayed is chosen arbitrarily to enclose nearly all of the stellar mass within the isolation model. Despite the stellar population remaining resilient to tidal stripping, the gas and dark matter is able to be significantly stripped after each interaction resulting in a decrease in the total mass. The steeper decrease in gas mass – compared to dark matter – at approximately 12.

Output: contrast


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Output: pass