Input: Claim: Rhizobacteria enhance plant growth by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. [SEP] Text: 5%) were able to grow normally on the DF medium supplemented with 3 m moL L− 1 of ACC after 36–48 h incubation at 30 ± 2 °C. Subsequently, the color of bacteria appeared dark in the DF medium with ACC. On the basis of the above results, 10 of the isolates were selected for further quantitative tests and found varying levels of ACC deaminase amongst them (Table 2). The highest activity was found in the CY5 (75. 63 ± 3. 35) with CA8 registering the lowest level (16. 47 ± 0. 42), and all these selected strains showed the amplification approximately 755 bp of acdS gene (Additional file 1: Fig. S1). Table 2 In vitro screening of the bacterial isolates for IAA production, ARA, and ACC deaminase activityFull size tableMolecular characterization of bacterial isolatesIn the present study, the 16S and rpoB rRNA gene amplification was done. The amplified fragment was used for 16S rRNA gene partial sequencing and basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) analysis for judging the sequence similarity with the national center for biotechnology information (NCBI) GenBank database. The results displayed that all the isolates belonged to the Bacillus genus (Table 3). Based on the similarity value ≥97% score, we separated the Bacillus into 13 different species including 3 belongs to B. species, 1 to B. licheniformis, 3 to B. pumilus, 2 to B. safensis, 1 to Firmicutes bacterium, 1 to B. luciferensis, 1 to Paenibacillus lautus, 2 to B. cereus, 2 to B. subtilis, 3 to B. thuringiensis, 1 to B. megaterium, 1 to B. aryabhattai, and 1 to B. mycoides. In addition, we found that some isolates belonged to the same species, as determined by the 16S rRNA gene sequences. Another primer set of rpoB gene was also used for the amplification of partial sequences of the genes. As shown in Table 3, the rpoB gene sequence homology analysis failed to discriminate against the isolates CoA10, AY6, and CY11.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Urbanization trends influence resource distribution and infrastructure. [SEP] Text: Советская урбанизация также включала значительные инвестиции в жилищное строительство, развитие социальной инфраструктуры, такой как школы, больницы и культурные учреждения. Постсоветский Период и Неолиберализм. С распадом Советского Союза и переходом к рыночной экономике начался новый этап урбанизации.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Every injury can be healed instantly with regenerative medicine. [SEP] Text: Given its resources, CIRM has been able to fund all promising proposals submitted for consideration, and apparently the overwhelming majority of these proposals have been for candidate therapeutics developed from adult stem cells, many of them for cancer therapies. So, the simplest explanation is that CIRM was not given the option of funding additional pluripotent stem cell clinical trials. 71 instructs CIRM to make maximum use of resources by giving priority to the stem cell research with the greatest potential for therapies and cures [Citation1]. In the 15 years since Proposition 71 was adopted, there have been promising developments in cancer treatments, gene editing, immunotherapy and gene therapy that were not anticipated in 2004. Many of the 45 other clinical trials receiving CIRM’s support incorporate these innovations. As well as using adult stem cells of various types from patients and donors, some of which have been genetically modified, CIRM funded clinical trials also involve antibodies, chimeric antigen receptors (CAR-T therapeutics), a type of cancer immunotherapy, proteins, zinc finger nucleases, an artificial restriction enzyme engineering to target-specific DNA sequences, monoclonal antibodies and drugs designed to either enhance or suppress the activity of cells. To provide some examples of innovative therapies being evaluated in CIRM supported clinical trials, the University of (CA, USA) has a clinical trial using hematopoietic stem cells from the mother’s blood marrow to treat babies in the womb with alpha thalassemia major, a blood disorder that is almost always fatal. BrainTherapeutics (CA, USA) is beginning a Phase III trial using mesenchymal stem cells taken from patients’ own bone marrow and modified in the laboratory to boost production of neurotropic factors to support and protect neurons in patients with ALS. of California in is testing the antibody cirmtuzumab to disable a protein and thereby slow the growth of leukemia and make it more vulnerable to anti-cancer drugs. (CA, USA) is recruiting patients for a B-cell cancers leukemia trial with CAR-T cell therapy that works by isolating patient’s own T-immune cells and then genetically engineering them to recognize a protein on the surface of cancer cells and thereby trigger their destruction. Capricor, Inc. (CA, USA) has completed a Phase II trial for patients with heart disease associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy using donor cells derived from the heart.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Rhizobacteria enhance plant growth by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. [SEP] Text: Characterization of genomic fingerprintingA genomic fingerprint was examined by A1R-based repetitive extragenic palindromic (BOX) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) PCR using the purified DNA of selected isolates from the sugarcane rhizosphere. Many polymorphic bands were observed approximately ranging between 100 bp and about 5 kb. The genomic DNA fingerprints generated from all the isolates were clearly distinguished from each other. High-quality fingerprint profiles were visualized on agarose gels with each primer set (Fig. 3). The BOX and ERIC-PCR fingerprints results were very complicated with several polymorphic bands with different intensity. A total of 174 bands ranging from 50 bp to 5 kb were generated from all the 22 selected Bacillus strains through. The isolate B9 and B14 showed the maximum 11 bands, after this B1, B4, and B7 showed a similar number of bands (10), while a minimum of 4 bands was detected in B2, and B4 isolates (Fig. 3a; Additional file 3: Fig. S3). For ERIC-PCR the faint bands were frequently observed and approximately 50 bp to 5 kb of 146 bands were identified. The maximum number of bands was observed in three strains i. e. , B1, B2, and B9 (10), whereas the minimum bands were found in B13 (3) (Fig. 3c; Additional file 3: Fig. S4). Fig. 3Genotypic fingerprinting of the screened bacterial isolates from the sugarcane rhizosphere obtained by using genomic DNA. Banding patterns for BOX and ERIC-PCR are shown in a and c. White space represents the joining of two gels. The dendrogram (b and d) was obtained from the similarity coefficient and clustering was done by using the UPGMA algorithm with the NTSYS software program. Strain Codes: B1. CoY3, B2. CoY7, B3. CoY8, B4. CoA1, B5. CoA10, B6. AY6, B7. AY7, B8. AY8, B9. AN8, B10. AN11, B11. AN12, B12. BN5, B13. CY5, B14. CY9, B15.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Urbanization trends influence resource distribution and infrastructure. [SEP] Text: Одновременно возникают проблемы, связанные с неравномерным распределением богатства и ухудшением социальной инфраструктуры. Современные архитектурные проекты в Сибири играют ключевую роль в урбанизационных процессах. Новые жилые комплексы, коммерческие здания и инфраструктурные проекты способствуют формированию нового облика городов [8]. Важно отметить применение устойчивых технологий и инновационных решений в строительстве.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Every injury can be healed instantly with regenerative medicine. [SEP] Text: of Hope (CA, USA) is recruiting patients for a trial in which zinc finger nucleases modified autologous hematopoietic stem progenitor cells along with escalating doses of busalfan will be applied to patients with HIV/AIDS. Angiocrine Bioscience, Inc. (CA, USA), CIRM’s 50th clinical trial award, plans to test genetically engineered cells derived from cord blood to see if it can help alleviate or accelerate recovery from the toxic side effects of chemotherapy in people undergoing treatment for lymphoma and other aggressive cancers of the blood and lymph systems. ReflectionsWhat does the profile of CIRM’s first 50 clinical trials reveal about progress in the stem cell field? The profile of CIRM supported clinical trials indicates that the pluripotent stem cell field has developed more slowly than was anticipated by many supporters of Proposition 71 in 2004 who assumed that human embryonic stem cell research would quickly lead to the discovery of new therapies. Unfortunately, the publicity surrounding the pluripotent stem cells has often exaggerated positive claims and minimized the difficulties of translating pluripotent stem cells into therapies. The slow progress of gene therapy development should have provided a caution. Between 1989 and 2015, 2335 gene therapy clinical trials were completed, ongoing or being initiated worldwide, but it was not until 2012 that the first-gene therapy was approved in the EU and 2017 that the FDA approved a gene therapy for use in the USA [Citation9,Citation10]. Human embryonic stem cells were first derived in 1998 and human induced pluripotent stem cells initially discovered in 2007. The first clinical trial with human embryonic stem cells began in 2009. Therefore, the small number of pluripotent-based candidate therapies available in California is not surprising. However, this is likely to change in the near future. The good news is that progress in bringing pluripotent stem cell-based therapeutics into clinical trials is being made both in California and elsewhere. A 2018 analysis of recent trends of clinical trials based on human pluripotent stem cells documented 29 such trials with therapeutics derived from human embryonic stem cells taking place in France, China, Brazil, Israel, Brazil, the UK, Canada, Korea and the USA. It also identified three clinical trials based on human induced pluripotent stem cells that were being conducted in Japan, Australia and the UK [Citation11].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Rhizobacteria enhance plant growth by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. [SEP] Text: CY10, B16. CY11, B17. CA1, B18. CA6, B19. CA8, B20. CN13, B21. CN14 and B22. N1. M, molecular size marker from 100 bp–5 kb (Takara)Full size imageBOX-PCR fingerprints showed more genotypic diversity for all selected Bacillus spp. as compared to ERIC fingerprints, and a dendrogram was created of fingerprint bands to generate their relatedness (Fig. 3). The data were examined by Jaccard similarity coefficients and the neighbor-joining method based on UPGMA. Two major clusters, one comprising two isolates and the other comprising twenty isolates were found in dendrogram created through fingerprints (Fig. 3b). These eighteen isolates were further divided into two sub-groups, one contained 6 isolates and the other had fourteen isolates. In the ERIC-PCR, all the twenty-two isolates showed two major clusters, containing one and twenty-one isolates, respectively. The twenty-one isolates were divided into two sub-groups, which contained 3 and 17 isolates, and all were grouped into different clusters (Fig. 3d). Biolog phenotypic profiling of CY5 and CA1The substrate utilization patterns for the selected strains (CY5 and CA1) were established for metabolic potential with numerous groupings such as carbon (C), and nitrogen (N) sources, tolerance of osmotic stress and metabolic activity over a wide range of pH (3. 5–10). The physiological, biochemical, and chemical sensitivity of the isolates was performed by the Biolog system based on substrate use. The results showed that the strain CA1 utilized more carbon sources as compared to CY5 i. e. sugars (74. 07%), carboxylic acids (66. 67%), hexose acids (88. 89%), and amino acids (100. 00%), and the highest chemical sensitivity (86. 97%) (Additional file 4: Table S1). Along with, reducing sugar, sodium chloride, amino acid, lactic acid, and hexose-PO4 were used. In both tested strains, 79 (82. 29%) of CA1 and 61 (63. 54%) of CY5 compounds were utilized (Fig. 4). Fig.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Urbanization trends influence resource distribution and infrastructure. [SEP] Text: Примером может служить бизнес-центр "Кристалл" в Новосибирске, который является одним из крупнейших в регионе и предоставляет современные офисные помещения и инфраструктуру для бизнеса. - Инфраструктурные проекты: Строительство новых дорог, мостов и транспортных развязок улучшает связь между городами и регионами, способствуя более эффективному развитию.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Every injury can be healed instantly with regenerative medicine. [SEP] Text: Equal numbers of control and PTEN-OE hPSCs were aggregated to form embryoid bodies of similar size and morphology (Fig. 1F and Additional file 1: Figure S1A, B). These embryoid bodies were cultured in neural differentiation medium and embedded in Matrigel droplets to form forebrain organoids. We observed that the growth of PTEN-OE organoids was slower compared to controls, and PTEN-OE organoids were significantly smaller at 5–6 weeks (Fig. 1E, F). PTEN overexpression in embryoid bodies and organoids was confirmed using quantitative RT-PCR (Additional file 1: Figure S1C). To investigate whether the reduced organoid growth was linked to altered cellular proliferation, we next performed immuno-staining for Ki67. Within the ventricular zone where neural precursors reside, fewer Ki67-positive cells were observed in 3-week-old PTEN-OE organoids compared to their isogenic controls (Fig. 1G, H). This reduction coincided with decreased neural precursor markers (SOX2, TBR2) as measured by quantitative RT-PCR in 3-week-old organoids (Fig. 1I). Because reduced neural precursor proliferation may lead to cell cycle exit and differentiation, we next examined the level of neuronal markers DCX and CTIP2 (Fig. 1J–L). At 3 weeks, PTEN-OE organoids expressed increased levels of DCX and CTIP2 transcripts (Fig. 1J). Immuno-staining further confirmed that while few DCX- and CTIP2-positive neurons were present in control organoids, they were more abundant in PTEN-OE organoids (Fig. 1K, L). Therefore, our data indicates that increased dosage of PTEN reduces neural precursor proliferation, promotes premature neuronal differentiation, and results in the formation of significantly smaller brain organoids, mimicking the microcephalic condition seen in patients with 10q23. 31 microduplication. Fig. 1PTEN-OE brain organoids model human microcephaly. A Immuno-staining of control and PTEN-OE hPSCs for markers of pluripotency (OCT4). Presence of GFP indicates overexpression of PTEN-GFP fusion protein.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Rhizobacteria enhance plant growth by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. [SEP] Text: 4Pattern of phenotypic profiles in CY5 and CA1 isolates in the presence of different carbon substrate utilization using -Array™ plates size imageDifferent nitrogen sources support the growth of CY5 and CA1, indicating that these isolates metabolize compounds such as ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, urea, biuret, l-alanine, glycine, hydroxylamine methylamine, ethylamine, ethanolamine, adenine, cytosine, thymine, uracil, and uric acid, and they might tolerate nearly 95 different forms of nitrogen and some related chemicals even at high concentrations. The tolerance levels of isolates CY5 and CA1 to different concentrations of NaCl (1–10%), potassium chloride (3–6%), sodium sulfate (2–5%), ethylene glycol (5–20%), sodium formate (1–6%), urea (2–7%), sodium lactate (1–12%), sodium phosphate pH 7 (20–200 mM), sodium benzoate pH 5. 2 (20–200 mM), ammonium sulfate pH 8 (10–100 mM), sodium nitrate (10–100 mM) and sodium nitrite (10–100 mM) were high. In the case of metabolic activity, both isolates could grow in the pH range from 3. 5 to 10. The diversity measures can be used to evaluate the diversity of resources used by micro-organisms indicating their tolerance to a wide range of environments. The diversity parameters defined on the basis of data obtained through Biolog analysis are presented in Table 4. Table 4 Substrate richness diversity parameters calculated for nitrogen, osmolytes and pH through Biolog for selected strains CY5 (Bacillus megaterium) and CA1 (Bacillus mycoides)Full size tableA PCA was performed by using PM3B, PM9, and PM10 for a qualitative analysis of the metabolic diversity of both isolates based on the PC score values obtained. Based on the relationships between different substrates, metabolites and strain utilization, the grouping was performed for each individual component. And, for these studies, a separate evaluation was performed for nitrogen source, osmolytes, and pH. The results obtained from nitrogen source (Fig. 5) clarified the metabolic variability of 53. 52 and 46. 48% according to the first and second PC values, respectively.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Using a VPN always guarantees complete online anonymity. [SEP] Text: 구독 기관 조회하기 레이어 닫기 DBpia 밖의 서지정보를 인용하고 싶다면? 크롬 익스텐션으로 외부 서지정보를 내서재에 담아보세요! 크롬 익스텐션 살펴보기 레이어 닫기 국내 연구자를 위한 한국형 서지관리 서비스 DBpia에서 국내 연구자를 위한 서지관리 프로그램 싸이티지(Citeasy)를 오픈했어요. 워드는 물론, 한글까지 인용 정보를 관리할 수 있어요.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Every injury can be healed instantly with regenerative medicine. [SEP] Text: Chronic alcohol ingestion delays skeletal muscle regeneration following injury access Published: 01 October 2013 Chronic alcohol ingestion delays skeletal muscle regeneration following injury Dekeyser1, Clary2 & Otis3 Research 1. 2% barium chloride (BaCl2) solution into the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle to initiate degeneration and regeneration processes. Body weights and voluntary wheel running distances were recorded during the course of recovery. Muscles were harvested at 2, 7 or 14 days post-injection and assessed for markers of inflammation and oxidant stress, fiber cross-sectional areas, levels of growth and fibrotic factors, and fibrosis. ResultsBody weights of injured, alcohol-fed mice were reduced during the first week of recovery. These mice also ran significantly shorter distances over the two weeks following injury compared to uninjured, alcoholics. Injured TA muscles from alcohol-fed mice had increased TNFα and IL6 gene levels compared to controls 2 days after injury. Total protein oxidant stress and alterations to glutathione homeostasis were also evident at 7 and 14 days after injury. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) induction was delayed in injured muscles from alcohol-fed mice which may explain, in part, why fiber cross-sectional area failed to normalize 14 days following injury. Gene levels of TGFβ1 were induced early following injury before normalizing in muscle from alcohol-fed mice compared to controls. However, TGFβ1 protein content was consistently elevated in injured muscle regardless of diet. Fibrosis was increased in injured, muscle from alcohol-fed mice at 7 and 14 days of recovery compared to injured controls. ConclusionsChronic alcohol ingestion appears to delay the normal regenerative response following significant skeletal muscle injury. This is evidenced by reduced cross-sectional areas of regenerated fibers, increased fibrosis, and altered temporal expression of well-described growth and fibrotic factors. BackgroundSevere insults to skeletal muscle such as blunt force contusions, lacerations, or eccentric contraction overloading may produce extensive injuries that disrupt normal fiber and fascicle architecture while causing temporary weakness [1, 2]. Injured skeletal muscle undergoes several overlapping and well-described phases of healing that include inflammation, necrosis and degeneration, satellite cell activation and proliferation and subsequent regeneration, and scar tissue activation with resultant fibrosis [2–4].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Rhizobacteria enhance plant growth by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. [SEP] Text: All the data points are the means ± SE (n = 3)Full size imageGenes expression analysis of and GLUThe differential gene expression of catalase (CAT), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), superoxide dismutase (SOD), chitinase (CHI) and glucanase (GLU) in leaf tissues at different stages of sugarcane growth was studied by qRT-PCR (Fig. 8). The data showed a significant change in the expression level of all selected five genes in both sugarcane varieties after CA1 and CY5 inoculation. The expression level of CAT increased significantly and equally in both GT11 and GXB9 on days 30 and 60 after planting. The activity of CAT in GT11 increased gradually until day 60, whereas a similar trend was observed in CA1-inoculated GXB9 until day 30 following planting (Fig. 8a). The PAL expression level showed a significant increase in GT11 on day 60, whereas in GXB9 the increase was observed only on day 30. There was no significant change in the level of PAL expression in GT11 at 30 days and GXB9 at 60 days (Fig. 8b). SOD expression was gradually increased up to 60 days in GT11 for both CY5 and CA1 inoculated strains, whereas, decreased from 30 to 60 days in GXB9 for both inoculated strains (Fig. 8c). Fig. 8qRT-PCR analysis of differentially expressed genes in leaf tissue of sugarcane varieties GT11 and GXB9 during selected nitrogen-fixing strains inoculation. (A) Catalase (SuCAT), (B) Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (SuPAL), (C) Superoxide dismutase (SuSOD), (D) Chitinase (ScCHI), and (E) Glucanase (ScGluD1). Data were normalized to the GAPDH expression level. All data points are the mean ± SE (n = 3)Full size imageThe expression of CHI in GT11 was increased throughout 60 days after planting, while its activity increased for the first 30 days in GXB9 (Fig. 8d).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Social media platforms delete all personal data upon account deletion. [SEP] Text: When you clicked delete, the name of the file was removed from the directory. If you took the photograph with an Apple iPhone using the built-in camera app, the digital photograph was stored in the phone’s nonvolatile flash memory in part of the file system used by Apple’s Photos app. At the same time, the phone started uploading the photo to Apple’s iCloud. When you clicked delete, the Photos app moved the photo to a special album called ‘recently deleted’ on both the phone and in iCloud. After 30 days, the photo will be removed from the ‘recently deleted’ album, and the actual files will be deleted from both the phone and from Apple’s servers. ‘Remnant data’ are data that remain after there has been a deletion attempt (see the Glossary). In the two examples above, the first deletion attempt results in remnant data, while the second does not. Here’s why:Most digital cameras use SD cards formatted using the Microsoft file allocation table (FAT) file system. As its name implies, FAT stores a table on the media that has the name of every file and where it is stored. It also labels every block on the card as to whether it is in a file or free to use. When a file is deleted, the file’s blocks are marked as ‘free,’ available for reuse, but they are not overwritten until new images are stored. Using special file recovery or digital forensics tools, it is possible to recover the digital images from the SD card if the individual blocks have not yet been overwritten. Apple’s iPhone uses Apple’s proprietary System (APFS). This file system encrypts every user file on the iPhone with a file-specific encryption key. APFS uses hardware built into the iPhone so that data blocks written to the flash memory are automatically encrypted, while data blocks read back are automatically decrypted. This happens without any impact on the user’s experience. When the file is deleted, the key is erased. Without the key, it is impossible to recover the unencrypted contents of the file. This process is called ‘cryptographic erasure’ or ‘crypto shredding. ’ Many cloud providers use a similar process for securely erasing data from the cloud. 1. 4.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Every injury can be healed instantly with regenerative medicine. [SEP] Text: In general, this recovery process is painful and the associated swelling may limit the range of motion near the site of injury. Fortunately, full recovery is often achievable in otherwise healthy individuals [1]. In contrast, recent evidence has suggested that pre-existing metabolic conditions such as diabetes mellitus or selenoprotein deficiency may not only affect basal skeletal muscle health, but also the capability of skeletal muscle to regenerate adequately from trauma [5, 6]. We and others have shown that underlying chronic alcohol abuse may produce a wide range of skeletal muscle defects including type II muscle atrophy, oxidant stress, and anabolic resistance [7–11]; however the ability of alcoholic skeletal muscle to regenerate following injury has not been investigated. This issue is clinically relevant as alcoholics may be at increased risk for muscle injuries due in part to peripheral neuropathies and sensory impairments, increased risky behaviors that may include motor vehicle accidents or inter- and intra-personal violence, or to muscle atrophy with concomitant reductions to strength and reduced ability to safely stabilize the body during a fall [12, 13]. Further, understanding the pathophysiological response of muscle from alcohol-fed mice to injury is necessary to develop effective treatments to improve regeneration. For example, research has shown that de novo protein synthesis and accretion play central roles in the repair process [2]. However, muscle from alcohol-fed mice is more resistant to common anabolic stimulation due in large part to altered IGF-1 signaling, impaired protein translation, and nutrient deficiencies[8, 14–16], which may confound the ability of injured muscle from alcohol-fed mice to sufficiently synthesize proteins during repair. In parallel, alcoholic skeletal muscle is marked by elevated oxidant stress, glutathione depletion, elevated levels of catabolic factors, and increased apoptosis [7, 8, 17, 18] which may further impede the regeneration process. The notion of altered regeneration in muscle from alcohol-fed mice is supported by data from cell culture models of myogenesis. For example, culturing skeletal muscle cells in physiological levels of ethanol reduced their cellular proliferation and subsequently delayed their differentiation [19, 20]. Further, protein synthesis is decreased in human muscle cells grown in ethanol-containing media. These cells also have reduced capacity to minimize proteolysis following direct IGF-1 or insulin stimulation [21].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Rhizobacteria enhance plant growth by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. [SEP] Text: DNA extraction and partial sequencing of 16S rRNA and rpoB genesA pure culture of bacteria was grown in Luria-Bertani broth for 24–36 h on a rotary incubator maintained at 32 ± 2 °C and 150 rpm. DNA was extracted from 1. 5 mL of pure culture using a DNA isolation kit (-China) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The quantity and integrity of the extracted DNA were determined by electrophoresis (0. 8%) and by spectrophotometry, using Nanophotometer (Pearl, Implen-3780). To amplify the 16S rRNA and rpoB gene, primer pairs PA-F and PH-R for the 16S rRNA gene [96 and rpoB-F and rpoB-R for rpoB gene [94] were used (Table 5). The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for16S rRNA gene with a heated lid included in the initial denaturation at 95 °C for 5 min, 30 cycles of denaturation at 95 °C for 1 min, annealing at 55 °C for 1 min, extension at 72 °C for 1 min and rpoB gene 95 °C for 3 min, 35 cycles at 95 °C for 20 s, 55 °C for 30 s, and 72 °C for 1. 5 min extension and final extension for both genes at 72 °C for 5 min. All amplified products were purified by PCR purification kit (BioFlux) and sequenced (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China). Table 5 PCR primers used for species identification, molecular characterization, and gene expressionFull size tablePhylogenetic analysisTo verify the identities of the bacterial isolates and determine their evolutionary relationships, the 16S rRNA and rpoB gene sequences with essential reference sequences were sourced from the database. The multiple sequences were aligned by ClustalW [100] and the BlastN search program was performed to compare the sequences. The 16S rRNA and rpoB genes were subjected to phylogenetic analysis using molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) software (version 7. 0) [101], and the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) in a Kimura two-parameter model [102]. The bootstrap analysis was carried out by the Felsenstein method using 1000 pseudoreplication [103].

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Data from wearable devices is protected under strict health data privacy laws. [SEP] Text: Existing literature lacks positive data protection law considerations, despite suggestions for workable solutions. Incorporating digital biomarkers into psychiatric research creates a complex ecosystem, and GDPR legal requirements for controllers, processors, and joint controllers are discussed in the literature. The GDPR presents new challenges in the rapidly developing areas of wearable technology and the Internet of Things (IoT). Footnote 12 An individual's location, biometric information, and health data can be collected by wearable technologies like smartwatches and fitness trackers. The same is true of the personal information collected by IoT devices like smart home gadgets, automobiles, and appliances. Footnote 13 According to the GDPR, organisations that collect this type of personal information have a greater responsibility to protect and responsibly handle it. Gaining permission before collecting and using a person's personal information is a major hurdle for wearable tech and IoT devices. According to the GDPR, an individual's consent for the processing of their personal data must be obtained in a transparent and understandable manner. This necessitates transparency on the part of organisations regarding the data they collect and why, as well as the provision of opt-out mechanisms for individuals whose data is being collected or processed. Footnote 14 The bottom line is that businesses producing wearable tech or Internet of Things gadgets must ensure GDPR compliance. Companies have a responsibility to inform their customers about how they handle their personal information, gain their informed consent before collecting and using that information, and implement security measures to prevent unauthorised access to or loss of that information. Moreover, people should be able to view and change their own information. Footnote 15 Overall, despite the fact that wearable technology has many benefits, it is crucial to address its drawbacks and legal ramifications in order to protect user data and privacy. Footnote 16 Coming back to the discussion on biomarkers, the use of digital biomarkers in research will inevitably lead to the collection and dissemination of copious amounts of sensitive individual information. Union's GDPR governs this type of data usage. The foundational principles for adhering to the GDPR are laid out in 5. This states that it is essential, first and foremost, that all data processing is done in a lawful, fair, and open fashion. Secondly, data must also be “collected for specified, explicit, and legitimate purposes, and not further processed in a way that is incompatible with those purposes” (the so-called purpose limitation principle).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Every injury can be healed instantly with regenerative medicine. [SEP] Text: Based on these whole animal and cell culture data, we hypothesized that muscle from alcohol-fed mice may be primed for delayed or incomplete regeneration following significant injury. In this report, we analyzed the influence 18 weeks of chronic alcohol ingestion had on mouse skeletal muscle regeneration following barium chloride (BaCl2)-induced tibialis anterior injury. Because chronic alcohol abuse is an addiction and likely to persist following trauma, we chose to analyze the regenerative response in the presence of continued alcohol consumption over the subsequent 14 days of recovery. Results and discussionResultsBody weight and voluntary wheel running activityTo indirectly assess the severity of muscle injury, we recorded changes to body weight and quantified daily and total, 14-day voluntary wheel running activity in control and alcohol-fed mice. Pre-injury body weights were similar in control-fed or alcohol-fed mice suggesting that caloric intake did not differ between groups (Table 1). Likewise, there was no effect of muscle injury on body weight in control-fed mice suggesting that muscle injury did not affect normal feeding or drinking patterns. In contrast, body weights of injured, alcohol-fed mice were significantly decreased up to 7 days post-injury compared to uninjured alcohol-fed mice. However, injured alcohol-fed mice returned to their pre-injury body weight after 14 days of recovery. Table 1 Changes to body weight of alcoholic and control mice following muscle injury Full size table In addition, we hypothesized that the influence of chronic alcohol ingestion and severity of skeletal muscle injury may affect voluntary wheel running activity. Accordingly, we next measured the daily and total, 14-day distances that control-fed or alcohol-fed mice ran (Figure 1A and B, respectively). Despite an initial delay in voluntary running activity, muscle injury did not affect total 14-day distance in control-fed mice. In the absence of injury, alcohol-fed mice voluntarily ran ~53% of the distance accrued by control-fed mice. However, when alcohol-fed mice were injured their total 14-day distance sharply decreased compared to their uninjured counterparts. Figure 1 Chronic alcohol ingestion and muscle injury decreased voluntary running distances. Injured or uninjured alcoholic and control mice were provided access to a voluntary running wheel. Voluntary activity was measured by (A) daily and (B) total distance accrued over 14 days. Alcohol-fed mice voluntarily ran ~53% of the distance covered by control-fed mice.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Rhizobacteria enhance plant growth by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. [SEP] Text: Amplification, cloning, and sequencing of the nifH geneUsing total DNA as a template, the nifH gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers PolF and PolR ([97]; Table 5). The PCR was performed as described earlier [7]. The PCR product was gel extracted, purified and cloned (pMD® 18-TVector) following the manufacturer’s (TaKaRa, Japan) instructions. The recombinant colonies grown on Luria-Bertani agar plates containing 50 μg mL− 1 ampicillin were identified by colony PCR. The cloned PCR products were sequenced (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China) to establish the nifH gene identity. Genetic characterization of isolates by BOX and ERIC-PCRTo determine the genetic diversity of selected isolates, total DNA isolated were fingerprinted by BOX-PCR and ERIC-PCR [29] using the primers and the conditions listed in Table 5, and Additional file 7 (Table S4), respectively. The amplified bands were separated by gel electrophoresis (1. 5% agarose) and the gels were imaged by the gel documentation system. Phenotype microarray assaysAmong all the screened isolates CY5 and CA1 were the most potent N-fixing strains on the basis of PGPs as well as nitrogenase activity. Thus, both were selected for further experiments. Phenotype microarray was conducted using Biolog microplates, a tetrazolium-based growth assay developed by (Biolog, Inc. , Hayward, CA). The potential strains CY5 and CA1 were assayed on microplates 3B, PM9 and PM10, testing for different substrates such as several carbon and nitrogen sources, and tolerance to different osmotic and pH stresses [104]. The inoculum of microplates was prepared as described [7]. All the microplates were incubated for 72 h at 30 ± 2 °C for tetrazolium color development. After incubation, the readings were obtained using an automated (R) Micro-according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The microbial growth was evaluated using optical density measurements at 590 nm after 72 h incubation.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Data from wearable devices is protected under strict health data privacy laws. [SEP] Text: Companies must consider data localisation when designing products and store personal information in secure locations, such as cloud providers with robust protocols, or in the same country as the user. Footnote 26 Fitness tracking device manufacturers must ensure encryption of personal information during transmission and storage, transparent data processing procedures, and user access to control. They should create devices from a data localisation perspective, ensuring secure and private processing and storage. By considering data localisation, encryption, and transparency, businesses can protect user privacy and ensure a secure and user-friendly experience. The following are a few of the more important clauses that relate to wearable health devices:Footnote 27 • Consent. The GDPR requires organisations to obtain an individual's authorisation before collecting and processing their personal data. To collect health data from consumers, companies developing and operating wearable health devices will need to obtain consent from those consumers. (7. main cause of privacy leaks is a lack of knowledge and adherence to best privacy practices and policies. Companies may not be transparent about their data collection and processing practices, and individuals may not be aware of the protections afforded by the GDPR. However, many wearable health devices and fitness apps rely on external service providers for data storage, processing and analytics, making it difficult to monitor and regulate data sharing. Companies have contracts in place to ensure these providers comply with the GDPR. Footnote 35 Misplacing a wearable device or indiscriminately disclosing login credentials can lead to a privacy breach. Companies can help reduce the likelihood of these mistakes by providing training and information, but it is difficult to completely eliminate them. Inconsistent enforcement across the EU may lead to compliance gaps, so some businesses may opt to ignore the GDPR altogether. Footnote 36 Wearable health devices and fitness apps are rapidly developing, with new features and functionalities being released frequently. When adding new functionality, it can be difficult to test for and verify that it complies with the GDPR, especially if the functionality collects and processes personal data in ways that were not previously possible. Footnote 37 The GDPR provides a thorough framework, but there are still openings that can be exploited to invade an individual's privacy. Increased awareness and education, improved data sharing agreements with third-party service providers, user training and guidance, consistent enforcement, and ongoing efforts to keep up with rapidly evolving technology are all necessary to address these gaps. Footnote 38 This paper has presented some background research on security and privacy related to wearable technologies. Overall, authentication problems are a significant threat.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Every injury can be healed instantly with regenerative medicine. [SEP] Text: In control mice, daily running distances were temporarily reduced following injury (up to day 5 in A); however, total distances in 14 days were similar. In contrast, injured alcohol-fed mice ran significantly less over 14 days compared to uninjured alcoholics. Significance was accepted at p ≤ 0. 05. *, compared to control-fed, injured group. #, compared to EtOH-fed, uninjured group. Full size image Markers of inflammation and oxidant stressNext, we determined the co-morbid effect of chronic alcohol ingestion and skeletal muscle injury on inflammatory cytokine gene profiles. Two days following injury, TA muscles from control-fed mice had significantly elevated levels of IL1β, TNFα, and IL6 (Figure 2A-C, respectively). Consistent with our previous results [8], alcohol ingestion drove skeletal muscle expression of IL6 – an effect that was further increased following injury (Figure 2C). Likewise, gene expression levels of TNFα were significantly increased in alcoholic TA muscles two days following injury compared to uninjured muscles (Figure 2B). Figure 2 Injured muscle has a more pronounced inflammatory cytokine response in alcohol-fed mice. Real time PCR analyses of 3 inflammatory cytokines were performed in tibialis anterior (TA) muscles 2 days after BaCl2-induced injury in mice provided alcohol in their drinking water for approximately 16 weeks. Injured TA muscles from control-fed mice had increased gene levels of (A) IL1β, (B) TNFα, and (C) IL6. Likewise, this pattern of increased expression persisted in injured muscles from EtOH-fed mice. Of the three, common inflammatory cytokines associated with early repair processes, gene levels of TNFα were higher in injured muscle from alcohol-fed mice compared to injured controls. Data are represented as means ± range of potential values based on the 2-∆∆C T method [7, 8, 22, 25, 48] and expressed as fold changes relative to uninjured controls. Significance was accepted at p ≤ 0. 05. *, compared to control-fed, uninjured group. #, compared to EtOH-fed, uninjured group, $ compared to control-fed, injured group.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Rhizobacteria enhance plant growth by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. [SEP] Text: Genetic transformation of strains with green fluorescent proteinPlasmid transformationThe pPROBE-pTetr-TT plasmid containing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene and tetracycline resistance gene (provided by Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization, Guangxi University, Nanning, China) was transferred to Bacillus strains (CY5 and CA1) by biparental mating using Escherichia coli strain TG1 as the donor and DH5α/pRK2013 as the helper [105]. Transformants were selected using kanamycin (100 μg mL− 1) and ampicillin (100 μg mL− 1) resistance and green fluorescence. Colonization of sugarcane plantlets by GFP-tagged pPROBE-pTetr-TT CY5 and CA1 bacteriaPlantlets of micro-propagated cultivated sugarcane variety GT11 were obtained from Institute, of Agriculture Sciences, Nanning, China, and plantlets were inoculated with Bacillus strains and GFPp-TT tagged Bacillus strains according to Oliveira et al. [105]. Five different plantlets were shifted in a glass container comprising 50 mL of liquid MS medium [106]. After two-three days, plantlets were shifted in bacterial suspension approximately 2. 0 × 105 mL− 1 cell count in autoclaved bottles and plantlets without bacterial suspension were used as a control, following the growth chamber condition of Li et al. [7]. Confocal laser scanning microscopyAfter 96 h of bacterial inoculation, inoculated and un-inoculated sugarcane plantlets were removed from the culture vessel and washed two to three times with autoclaved distilled water. The root, stem, and leaf were cut into small parts (50 to 150 μm) and then mounted them on the bridge slide with 10% (v/v) glycerol. All plant sections were detected with a CLSM (Leica DMI 6000, Leica Microsystems, Mannheim, Germany). Evaluation of isolates in the greenhouse experimentThe experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with two sugarcane verities GT11 and GXB9, at Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China. The plantlets of these varieties were provided by Institute, of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Data from wearable devices is protected under strict health data privacy laws. [SEP] Text: Therefore, additional research into authentication will be done in the future, and a better authentication system will be introduced. Footnote 39 8. conclusion, wearable technology and fitness tracking programmes are governed by the GDPR and are required to follow its guidelines for safeguarding the personal data of users. This includes obtaining express consent before processing sensitive personal data, being transparent about the sharing of personal information with third-party service providers, and putting in place the necessary organisational and technical safeguards to protect personal information from loss or unauthorised access. Footnote 40 The increasing prevalence of sophisticated dangers makes it impossible to predict when a threat will strike. The adoption of common applications and systems will drive attackers in the future decade. Privacy violations are primarily caused by a lack of knowledge about and adherence to appropriate safeguards. To address this, businesses should be more transparent about customer data collection and usage, and regulatory bodies can conduct public awareness campaigns to inform people about their rights and GDPR safeguards. Third-party service providers play a crucial role in the storage and processing of personal data in wearable health devices; therefore, improved data sharing agreements are necessary. A company can ensure its adherence to the GDPR by establishing comprehensive data-sharing agreements with its service providers. Auditing and monitoring for GDPR compliance may also be included in such agreements. Footnote 41 Companies should educate users on safe wearable health device practices, such as strong passwords, avoiding public Wi-Fi, and two-factor authentication. User-friendly interfaces help manage data and privacy. GDPR enforces consistency across the EU, and breaches are reported to regulators. Periodic audits and data assessments ensure adherence to GDPR standards. Overcoming challenges requires awareness, education, robust agreements, training, strict enforcement, and continuous adaptation. 36. 2020. 2 2 Metcalf, D. , Milliard, S. T. , Gomez, M. , & Schwartz, M. (2016). Wearables and the internet of things for health: Wearable, interconnected devices promise more efficient and comprehensive health care. IEEE pulse, 7(5), 35-39CrossRef4. 0. for industry 4. 0 (10. 1007/s10916-017-0854-9 7 7 and (2018) “Security and Privacy in the of Things: A Review”, Secureity and Communication Networks, Hindawi. 8 8 Tu, Jiaobing, and Wei Gao.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Every injury can be healed instantly with regenerative medicine. [SEP] Text: Full size image Because chronic alcohol ingestion perturbs glutathione metabolism [7, 8, 22], we next determined the effects of chronic alcohol ingestion and skeletal muscle injury on glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels. Similar fluctuations to GSH pools were evident in injured TA muscles from control- and alcohol-fed mice (Figure 3A). However, GSSG levels were significantly elevated in injured, alcoholic TA muscles at 2 and 7 days following injury and returned to baseline levels at 14 days (Figure 3B). Together, the GSSG/GSH ratio – a marker of the oxidative state of the glutathione pool – was increased in alcoholic TA muscles at 7 and 14d following injury (Figure 3C). In addition, we performed dot blot analyses of carbonyl formation to quantify the total amount of protein oxidation in alcoholic, injured skeletal muscle (Figure 3D). Chronic alcohol ingestion alone increased total skeletal muscle protein oxidation compared to controls. Injured, alcoholic TA muscle had elevated total protein oxidation at 2 and 7 days of recovery – an effect that was normalized at 14 days. Figure 3 Oxidant stress is greater in injured muscles from alcohol-fed mice during regeneration. Glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and total protein oxidation were used as markers of oxidant stress due to chronic alcohol ingestion and muscle injury. (A) Levels of GSH were lower in uninjured muscle and in muscle 14 days after injury in alcohol-fed mice. (B) Although GSSG levels were lower in uninjured muscle from alcohol-fed mice muscle compared to controls, these levels rose in TA muscles from alcohol-fed at 2 and 7 days following injury before normalizing at day 14. (C) The GSSG/GSH ratio, a marker of glutathione status, suggested increased oxidant stress 7 and 14 days after injury in muscle from alcohol-fed mice. (D) Total protein oxidation based on carbonyl formation suggested that muscle from alcohol-fed mice is more oxidized basally, and at 2 and 7 days following injury. Significance was accepted at p ≤ 0. 05. *, compared to control-fed, uninjured group. #, compared to control-fed, injured group matched to time following injury.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Rhizobacteria enhance plant growth by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. [SEP] Text: Scientifica (Cairo). 2012;963401. A new species of Burkholderia isolated from sugarcane roots promotes plant growth. Microb Biotechnol. 2014;7(2):142–54. 23. 85. 209. 9. 4. Cur Microbiol. 2006;52:186–90. 44. 62. 81. 7. 71. 13. 76. 82. 49. 4744. 9. 29. 27. Microbiol Res. 2012;167:596–60. 2011. p. 37–59. 101. 2016. Genetic diversity of endophytic bacteria which could be find in the apoplastic sap of the medullary parenchyma of the stem of healthy sugarcane plants. J Basic Microbiol. 2008;48:118–24. 87. 6. 6020. 2011. p. 333–64. 58. 66. 72. 4. 23. 3. CAS 45. 16. 53. PubMed 7. 90. 78. 15. Ogut M. Fatih Er, Kandemir N. phosphate solubilisation potential of soil Acinetobacter strains. Soils. 2010;46:707–15. . Plant growth-promoting effects of diazotrophs in the rhizosphere. Plant Sci. 2003;22:147–9. 98. 70. CAS 30. 9. 25. . 35. 99. 8. 9168. 70. 90. 42. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact. 2007;20:619–26. 81. 54. 31. 67. 67. 95. 42. 569. PubMed 68. CAS 82. 76. 6. 2018. Isolation of a citrus chitinase cDNA and characterization of its expression in response to elicitation of fruit pathogen resistance. J Plant Physiol. 2001;158:1585–90. 23. 60. 14. 73. 18. J Basic Microbiol. 2012;52:1–10. 56. 6. 94. 6. 2. Microbiol. 1994;40:1019–25. 112. 207. 57. 53. 40. CAS 103. 76. 19. 25. CAS PubMed 7. 0 for bigger datasets. Evol. 2016;33:1870–4. 1973.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Physical activity reduces the risk of chronic diseases like diabetes and heart disease. [SEP] Text: Types of Recommended by Providers for Patients at Risk for — — May 6, 2021. Omura, MD1; Kathleen B. Watson, PhD1; Fleetwood Loustalot, PhD2; Janet E. Fulton, PhD1; Susan A. Carlson, PhD1 (View author affiliations) Suggested citation for this 0545. DOI: 80. 0%) suggested walking to their patients at risk for CVD; however, PCPs who infrequently discussed physical activity with their patients at risk for CVD suggested walking less often than those who more frequently discussed physical activity. Walking is an easy and low-cost form of physical activity, and opportunities exist for certain PCPs to promote walking as part of their physical activity counseling practices for CVD prevention. Topinactivity is an important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), and health care providers can contribute to CVD prevention by providing intensive behavioral counseling to at-risk patients that includes promoting physical activity (1). Yet only 59% of primary care providers (PCPs) discuss physical activity with their at-risk patients (2). Although behavioral counseling recommendations do not specify types of physical activity, walking is a simple activity to suggest because it is an easy way for most adults to be active (1,3,4). Understanding the types of physical activity PCPs suggest to patients at risk for CVD by PCP characteristics and their physical activity counseling practices can identify opportunities for certain PCPs to promote physical activity through walking. Therefore, we sought to determine the types of physical activity PCPs most often suggest to their patients at risk for CVD and examine variation by physical activity counseling practices. TopMethods DocStyles is a web-based panel survey conducted by Public Services; we used data from the June to August 2018 survey (5). Panelists from Sermo’s Panel (www. sermo. com) were invited to take the 2018 survey on the basis of their past survey participation level. High responders — those who completed more than 75% of surveys they were sent — were invited first, followed by those who answered 25% to 75% of surveys and those who answered fewer than 25%. Panelists who did not participate in the previous year’s DocStyles survey were prioritized above the previous year’s respondents to help facilitate broad coverage among panelists.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Every injury can be healed instantly with regenerative medicine. [SEP] Text: Full size image Morphology of injured muscles from alcohol-fed miceWe next calculated the cross-sectional areas of regenerating fibers at days 7 and 14 (panels in Figure 4 show representative H&E staining). Areas of regenerating, centrally-nucleated fibers, regardless of diet, are smaller than their contralateral, uninjured controls 7 days following BaCl2 injection (Figure 5A). Moreover, regenerating alcoholic fibers are smaller than those from injured control-fed mice. By 14 days, regenerating fibers in control-fed mice are similar in size to those from uninjured muscle (Figure 5B). In contrast, regenerating fibers from alcohol-fed mice are significantly smaller than uninjured, alcoholic fibers suggesting a delay in the normal regenerative response. Figure 4 Representative histology of regenerating TA muscles following injury in alcohol-fed mice. The processes of skeletal muscle injury and repair in TA muscles from control-fed mice are displayed in panels (A) uninjured muscle, and (C) 2 days, (E) 7 days, and (G) 14 days following BaCl2 injection. Similarly, muscle regeneration in alcohol-fed mice is displayed in panels (B) uninjured muscle, and (D) 2 days, (F) 7 days, and (H) 14 days following BaCl2 injection. Arrow heads in panels F and H denote areas of increased interstitial tissue accumulation and fibrosis in regenerating muscle from alcohol-fed mice. Cross-sectional areas of regenerating fibers, as noted by the presence of centralized nuclei shown in panels E-H, have been quantified in Figure 4. Bar in panel H = 100μm. Full size image Figure 5 Recovery of TA fiber area is delayed following muscle injury in alcohol-fed mice. (A) Regardless of diet, regenerating muscle fibers are smaller than their uninjured, contralateral TA areas. Moreover, regenerating fibers from alcohol-fed mice are smaller than those from alcohol-naïve mice. (B) In control-fed mice, regenerating fibers are similar in cross-sectional area as the uninjured, contralateral TA muscles 14 days after injury. In contrast, regenerating fibers from alcohol-fed mice are still smaller than alcoholic, uninjured muscle. This suggests that regeneration in the presence of continued alcohol ingestion delays skeletal muscle repair following injury. Significance was accepted at p ≤ 0. 05.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Rhizobacteria enhance plant growth by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. [SEP] Text: p. 573. 91. 205. 15. 11. 8. 8. . 1. acds gene amplification in nitrogen-fixing bacteria and approximately 755 bp fragments to be amplified. M is a molecular size marker (100 to 2000 bp), PC is positive control (Pseudomonas entomophila), and NC is negative control (sterile water). Additional files 2: Figure S2. PCR amplification with genomic DNA of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The nifH gene fragment is amplified at 360 bp. M is a molecular size marker (100 to 2000 bp), Klebsiella verticola as a positive control (PC), and sterile water is negative control (NC). Additional files 3: Figure S3. BOX fingerprinting of the screened bacterial isolates from sugarcane. Strain Codes: B1. CoY3, B2. CoY7, B3. CoY8, B4. CoA1, B5. CoA10, B6. AY6, B7. AY7, B8. AY8, B9. AN8, B10. AN11, B11. AN12, B12. BN5, B13. CY5, B14. CY9, B15. CY10, B16. CY11, B17. CA1, B18. CA6, B19. CA8, B20. CN13, B21. CN14 and B22. N1. M, molecular size marker from 100 bp- 5 kb (Takara). Figure S4. ERIC-PCR fingerprinting of selected bacteria from sugarcane. Strain Codes: B1. CoY3, B2. CoY7, B3. CoY8, B4. CoA1, B5. CoA10, B6. AY6, B7. AY7, B8. AY8, B9. AN8, B10. AN11, B11. AN12, B12. BN5, B13. CY5, B14. CY9, B15. CY10, B16. CY11, B17. CA1, B18. CA6, B19. CA8, B20. CN13, B21. CN14 and B22. N1.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Physical activity reduces the risk of chronic diseases like diabetes and heart disease. [SEP] Text: The types of activities PCPs most often suggested also differed by the percentage of patients at risk for CVD with whom they discussed physical activity (Figure). Prevalence of suggesting walking increased in a nonlinear trend as the percentage of patients increased. However, prevalence of suggesting supervised exercise sessions or other types of activity decreased linearly as this percentage increased. Figure. Prevalence of types of physical activity primary care providers (N = 1,088) most often suggested to patients at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), by percentage of patients with whom they discussed physical activity. Patients at increased risk for CVD were defined as those who were overweight or had obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, impaired fasting glucose, or the metabolic syndrome. Linear and quadratic trends for walking were significant at P<. 05. Linear trend was significant for supervised exercise sessions and other exercise at P<. 05. Error bars indicate 95% CIs. Source: DocStyles 2018 (5). [A tabular version of this figure is available. ] Topfindings highlight opportunities for certain PCPs to suggest walking as an easy form of activity for CVD prevention as part of their counseling. Health care professionals can contribute to CVD prevention by counseling their patients about physical activity (1); however, only 59% of PCPs in our study discussed physical activity with most of their at-risk patients, which is consistent with previous studies (2). Promoting walking may affect public health because adults at high CVD risk are known to participate in low levels of physical activity, and walking is an easy way for most adults to be physically active (3,6–8). We observed that PCPs who counseled a smaller proportion of their patients at risk for CVD about physical activity less frequently suggested walking, while the opposite was observed for supervised sessions. This suggests that PCPs who do not regularly provide physical activity counseling to their patients at risk for CVD may tend to recommend more involved forms of physical activity. Walking can offer these PCPs a broadly available and accessible form of physical activity to include in their behavioral counseling (3). We observed several differences in the types of physical activity recommended by characteristics of PCPs and their practices. For example, PCPs who were women and aged 45 or older were more likely to suggest walking than those who were men and younger, which is similar to walking practices among the general population (9,10).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Every injury can be healed instantly with regenerative medicine. [SEP] Text: *, compared to control-fed, uninjured group. #, compared to EtOH-fed, uninjured group. Full size image Markers of repair and fibrosisWe next identified the co-morbid effects of chronic alcohol ingestion and muscle injury on CNTF gene levels and TGFβ1 gene and protein expression levels as these two factors have been implicated in skeletal muscle regeneration and fibrosis, respectively [3, 23, 24]. In order to isolate the effects of muscle injury, gene expression data appearing in Figures 6 and 7 have been normalized to uninjured muscle within diet. Levels of CNTF gene expression were significantly elevated at 2, 7, and 14 days following injury in control muscle (Figure 6A-C, respectively). However, CNTF was not induced in alcoholic TA muscles until 14 days post-injury suggesting a delayed regenerative response (Figure 6C). Figure 6 Delayed CNTF gene expression during muscle recovery from injury may hamper regeneration in alcohol-fed mice. CNTF, a growth factor implicated in muscle regeneration, was induced at 2, 7, and 14 days following injury in control-fed mice (A-C, respectively). However, CNTF was only induced at 14 days following injury in alcohol-fed mice suggesting delayed regeneration. Significance was accepted at p ≤ 0. 05. *, compared to uninjured group within diet. Full size image Figure 7 Chronic alcohol ingestion and injury drive TGFβ expression. TGFβ1, a regulator of skeletal muscle fibrosis, was induced at (B) 7 days and remained elevated at (C) 14 days following BaCl2 injection. (A) In contrast, TGFβ1 gene levels peaked 2 days following injury in alcohol-fed mice before returning to baseline levels. (D) Despite these discrepancies at the gene level, TGFβ protein content was elevated at each time point following injury and likely drives the robust fibrotic response. Significance was accepted at p ≤ 0. 05. *, compared to uninjured group within diet. #, compared to EtOH-fed, uninjured group. $, compared to control-fed, uninjured group. Full size image We have previously shown that chronic alcohol ingestion alone increased TGFβ1 gene expression levels [7, 8, 25] which likely accounts for the increased protein content of the inflammatory cytokine in uninjured muscle (Figure 7D).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Rhizobacteria enhance plant growth by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. [SEP] Text: Javascript is disabled in your browser. Please enable Javascript to view PeerJ. Growth-promoting characteristics of potential nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the root of an invasive plant Ageratina adenophora All reviews of published 2023. Peer reviewers are encouraged (but not required) to provide their names to the authors when submitting their peer review. If they agree to provide their name, then their personal profile page will reflect a public acknowledgment that they performed a review (even if the 2019. The first revision was submitted on March 22nd, 2019 and was reviewed by 2 reviewers and the Academic Editor. A further revision was submitted on April 25th, 2019 and was reviewed by the Academic Editor. The 2019. Version 0. 3 (accepted) · May 8, 2019 · for addressing the concerns of all reviewers in this version. [# PeerJ - this decision was reviewed and approved by Valeria Souza, a PeerJ covering this Section #] 0. 3 (PDF) Download author's response letter - submitted Apr 25, 2019 Version 0. 2 · Apr 18, 2019 · Please pay strong attention to the comments of reviewer 1. You have not yet presented strong rationale for WHY you chose to use the methodology you did to make the assumption that you were isolating and characterizing N fixing bacteria in this study. Without addressing this issue, it may be difficult to publish the work according to reviewer 1. Reviewer 1 · Apr 13, 2019 Basic reporting no comment Experimental design Although the methodology is better presented and clear in this version of the manuscript, the methods used for endophytic bacteria isolation was not adequate and do not guarantee the isolation of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. No further evidence for nitrogen fixation was provided. However, the authors stands the work on "root endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria". Further, there was not a quantification of the endophytic bacteria. Although phylogeny is only used as a way to cluster the isolates, once the authors chose to use it, it must be performed in a correct way. But the tree showed in the manuscript suffer from some conceptual/methodological problems. Please, see details in the attached file. Validity of the findings Please, see observations in "Experimental design" above, that interfere in the validity of the findings and other details discussed in the attached file. Additional comments Please, see the reply for all authors responses (first review) in the attached file.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Physical activity reduces the risk of chronic diseases like diabetes and heart disease. [SEP] Text: These findings suggest that PCPs who might walk more themselves may be more likely to suggest walking to patients, consistent with research showing that health care providers who are physically active are more likely to provide physical activity counseling (11). In addition, we observed that PCPs with most patients of high socioeconomic status more commonly suggested supervised exercise sessions than PCPs primarily serving patients of low socioeconomic status, suggesting that PCPs may tend to recommend supervised sessions to those who they perceive can afford them. Walking is a simple and low-cost form of physical activity to recommend (3). A strength of our study was that DocStyles is a large, nationwide survey allowing for comparison by provider characteristics. A limitation was that the sample was not nationally representative; therefore, results may not be generalizable. However, our analytic sample of physicians was similar to the 2018 DocStyles sample and the Association master file (5). Walking is an easy and low-cost form of physical activity that PCPs can suggest to their patients at risk for CVD. Although most PCPs do suggest walking, important differences exist by provider characteristics. Our study highlights opportunities for certain PCPs to promote walking as part of their physical activity counseling practices for CVD prevention. Top0341. Telephone: 770-488-6339. E-mail: ydk8@cdc. gov. Author Affiliations: 1Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, for Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. 2Division for for Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. Top75. . Primary care providers’ physical activity counseling and referral practices and barriers for cardiovascular disease prevention. 2018;108:115–22. of Health and Human Services. Step it up! General’s call to action to promote walking and walkable communities. 2015, US Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Surgeon General. Washington (DC): US Department of Health and Human Services. ; on Epidemiology and Committee and Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics – 2019 update: a report from the Association. Circulation 2019;139(10):e56–528. . DocStyles 2018 methods. Washington (DC): Deanne Weber; 2018. 23, 2021. . Prevalence of physical activity is lower among individuals with chronic disease. 2016;48(6):1062–7.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Every injury can be healed instantly with regenerative medicine. [SEP] Text: Despite these elevated basal levels of TGFβ1, significant muscle injury further induced the cytokine after 2 days of recovery - an effect that was not evident until 7 and 14 days of recovery in control-fed animals (Figure 7A-C). However, TGFβ1 protein levels were elevated at each time point of recovery regardless of diet (Figure 7D). Regenerating muscles from control-fed mice displayed a step-wise increase in the fibrotic index, a measure of collagen density and surrogate marker of overall fibrosis, at 7 and 14 days following injury (Figure 8A). Basally, the fibrotic index of uninjured TA muscle from alcohol-fed mice was higher than controls. Further, the fibrotic index of regenerating muscle from alcohol-fed mice was significantly at both 7 and 14 days following injury compared to time-matched controls (Figure 8A). To verify the fibrotic index, we next measured collagen VI (Figure 8B) and fibronectin (Figure 8C) protein expression in TA muscles 14 days following injury. Both collagen VI and fibronectin levels were significantly elevated in injured muscle from alcohol-fed mice suggesting a more robust fibrotic response compared to controls. Figure 8 Markers of fibrosis suggest more pronounced injury in muscle from alcohol-fed mice. (A) Fibrotic index, a marker of collagen content quantified following trichrome staining, was increased at 7 and 14 days following injury in control-fed mice. Muscle from alcohol-fed mice reported a more robust fibrotic response at these same time points following injury. (B) Collagen VI, a component of fibrotic plaques, was increased 14 days after injury in muscle from alcohol-fed mice. (C) Fibronectin, an extracellular matrix glycoprotein associated with wound healing, was elevated in injured control muscle 14 days after injury. However, fibronectin expression was further increased in injured muscle from alcohol-fed mice. Significance was accepted at p ≤ 0. 05. *, compared to control-fed, uninjured group. #, compared to control-fed, injured group matched to recovery time.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Rhizobacteria enhance plant growth by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. [SEP] Text: Annotated reviews are not available for download in order to protect the identity of reviewers who chose to remain anonymous. Cite this review as (2019) #1 of "Growth-promoting characteristics of potential nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the root of an invasive plant Ageratina adenophora (v0. 2)". PeerJ Reviewer 2 · Apr 11, 2019 Basic reporting The clarity of the information contained within the manuscript has been enhanced through professional English editing and all queries directed to the authors have been addressed in the manuscript Experimental design Queries on the experimental design especially with respect to 16rRNA analysis and media selection have been addressed by the authors Validity of the findings Discussion of the limitations of the manuscript have been adequately addressed by the authors and errors in statistical analysis corrected. Additional comments Thank you for providing edits to the manuscript as requested. The manuscript has improved in quality when compared to the initial submission. I believe the comments I have provided have been addressed adequately. Cite this review as (2019) #2 of "Growth-promoting characteristics of potential nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the root of an invasive plant Ageratina adenophora (v0. 2)". PeerJ 0. 2 (PDF) Download author's response letter - submitted Mar 22, 2019 Version 0. 1 (original submission) · Jan 18, 2019 · The reviewers have highlighted several issues that must be addressed before this manuscript can be considered for publication. One is the English editing which is required; this will take some additional but extensive work. The issue of identification of microbes of interest; use of techniques other than 16S promoter for ID at the species level. In addition, more detailed information and rationale is needed in the materials and methods to justify why you performed techniques or experimentation in a particular way, especially when it deviates from the industry standard. Reviewer 1 · Jan 13, 2019 Basic reporting no comment Experimental design l 151. Root sterilization is normally performed with intact roots. After sterilization, the roots are subjected to fragmentation. Root fragments may spill off internal contents and the sterilization process may reach the root interior. l 154. Why did the authors used NA culture medium to check for surface sterilization, while using YMA to isolate reNFB? Please, clarify. l 156-163. A common practice when isolating root bacteria is to proceed serial dilution from root extract.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Physical activity reduces the risk of chronic diseases like diabetes and heart disease. [SEP] Text: Adults eligible for cardiovascular disease prevention counseling and participation in aerobic physical activity – United States, 2013. 2015;64(37):1047–51. . Walking as an opportunity for cardiovascular disease prevention. Dis 2019;16:E66. . The attributable proportion of specific leisure-time physical activities to total leisure activity volume among US adults, Survey 1999–2006. J Health 2016;13(11):1192–201. . Participation in types of physical activities among US adults — Survey 1999–2006. J Health 2015;12(s1):S128–40. de Quevedo IG. The evidence in support of physicians and health care providers as physical activity role models. 2016;10(1):36–52. . Types of to Patients at Risk for CVD, by 2018a of Physical Activity, % (95% CI) Total 1,088 80. 0 (77. 5–82. 2) 7. 9 (6. 4–9. 7) 12. 1 (10. 3–14. 2) Age, yb <45 385 72. 7 (68. 1–76. 9) 10. 6 (7. 9–14. 2) 16. 6 (13. 2–20. 7) ≥45 703 83. 9 (81. 0–86. 5) 6. 4 (4. 8–8. 5) 9. 7 (7. 7–12. 1) 574 77. 0 (73. 4–80. 3) 9. 4 (7. 3–12. 1) 13. 6 (11. 0–16. 6) Women 514 83. 3 (79. 8–86. 3) 6. 2 (4. 4–8. 7) 10. 5 (8. 1–13. 5) Race/ethnicityd Non-743 82. 0 (79. 0–84. 6) 6. 7 (5. 1–8. 8) 11. 3 (9. 2–13. 8) Other 345 75. 7 (70. 8–79. 9) 10. 4 (7. 6–14. 1) 13. 9 (10. 6–18. 0) 372 82. 0 (77. 7–85. 6) 7. 3 (5. 0–10. 4) 10. 8 (8. 0–14.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Every injury can be healed instantly with regenerative medicine. [SEP] Text: Full size image DiscussionIn this study, we determined the effects of chronic alcohol ingestion on distinct components of skeletal muscle regeneration, including the early inflammatory cytokine response, the development of oxidant stress and temporal alterations to glutathione levels, levels of growth and pro-fibrotic factors, regenerated fiber areas, and fibrosis. The co-morbid effects of chronic alcohol ingestion and skeletal muscle injury temporarily reduced body weight and significantly affected voluntary wheel running activity. Further, muscle from alcohol-fed mice had a more robust cytokine response and prolonged duration of oxidant stress due to injury. Induction of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), a growth factor implicated in myotube differentiation and accelerated muscle repair [26], was postponed in injured muscle from alcohol-fed mice. Similarly, temporal variations existed in the gene expression of the pro-fibrotic cytokine TGFβ1, despite similar inductions at the protein level due to injury. Together, these data may suggest that this robust cytokine response and prolonged duration of oxidant stress when occurring in concert with altered expression patterns of growth and fibrotic factors may, in part, account for the delayed regeneration and increased fibrosis in injured muscle from alcohol-fed mice. Thus, therapeutic strategies that attenuate surges in catabolic factors common to both chronic alcohol ingestion and muscle injury while simultaneously correcting deficits to protein synthesis and fibrosis pathways may improve the regenerative response in injured muscle from alcoholics. Left untreated, skeletal muscle injuries may result in persistent weakness, decreased flexibility and mobility, or increased likelihood of re-injury. To date, several treatments for mild to severe muscle injuries have been used, including physical modalities such as the R. I. C. E. principle (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) [27],therapeutic ultrasound [28], pharmacologic interventions such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs () [29] or administration of growth hormone and IGF-1 [30], or drugs that curb fibrosis by blocking TGFβ1 induction with compounds such as suramin [31, 32]. Alternatively, one may consider anti-oxidant supplementation to attenuate oxidative stress-mediated muscle degeneration; however this strategy has been attempted with mixed results [33–35].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Rhizobacteria enhance plant growth by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. [SEP] Text: Normally, endophytic bacteria are isolated in 10^-5 to 10^-8 dilution. Why did not the authors proceed with serial dilution? l 167-171. Was the cultivation of isolates made in nitrogen-free solid medium? Most of endophytic-nitrogen fixing bacteria are not able to growth (fixing nitrogen) in these conditions due to contact with high concentration of oxygen in the air. It includes taxonomic groups identified in this work. The normal procedure is to use semi-solid media. Please, clarify the procedure. l 179. What were the reagents and concentrations in PCR mix reaction tube? l 187-189. How exactly were the sequences filtered for chimeric bases? Why was variation in sequence length not allowed? ". . . cut out chimaeric bases to make each sequence 1351 pb long. . . ". Does the 1351 represent the alignment length (in alignment positions), instead of sequence length (in bp)? How many isolate sequences were generated? From OTUs in supplementary material (peerj-33237-Data. xlsx) it seems that 131 sequences were produced. However, in GenBank database only 23 sequences are available. Why? Although sequences may be very similar, they represent different isolated colonies. Also, clustering sequences at 97% identity means that differences exist within clusters that should be showed. Please, make all sequences available in GenBank database and provide all accession numbers in the manuscript. How was the clustering analysis performed (e. g. , software used)? Versions and 194. Taxonomic identification based on sequence similarity search is sensible to database content. What was the database selected for similarity search analysis (e. g. , nr, 16S ribosomal RNA)? It seems that the taxonomic identification is based on best-blast hit. The authors must make it clear, specifying the database used and its version (or date). For example, strain CY25 was identified as Variovorax gossypii, but similarity search using megablast and "16S ribosomal RNA (Bacteria and Archaea)" show Variovorax guangxiensis as best hit. Strain WS26 was classified as Nocardioides albertanoniae, but its best hit is Nocardioides luteus. The authors should check for other differences.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Physical activity reduces the risk of chronic diseases like diabetes and heart disease. [SEP] Text: Most recently updated ACOG Guidelines, and those jointly published by the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada and of are proactive, and suggest that virtually all women having a normal pregnancy can benefit from a physical activity program (6,52). Recently, researchers have begun to consider the role of physical activity in a more traditional chronic disease prevention light, for both mother and offspring. This roundtable was undertaken to discuss current findings, as well as future directions that should be considered when studying the role of physical activity during pregnancy/postpartum on long-term health. Specific topic areas included the role of physical activity on pregnancy induced hypertension, gestational diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders, breastfeeding and weight loss, mental health, and offspring health and development. Our educational objectives for the roundtable were to summarize current research on the role of physical activity during pregnancy and postpartum on a woman's health and chronic disease risk, summarize current research on the role of maternal physical activity on growth, development, and chronic disease risk of the offspring, and establish directions for future research on the role of physical activity during pregnancy/postpartum on chronic disease risk. this communication we provide a brief overview of the clinical and public health significance of preeclampsia, and highlight evidence regarding whether physical activity may play a role in its prevention. We will also discuss available data regarding specific details (e. g. , duration, type and intensity) of physical activity associated with clinically relevant reductions in the preeclampsia occurrence. What is Preeclampsia and Why is it Important? Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy are the second leading cause, after embolism, of maternal mortality in the United States, accounting for approximately 15% of such deaths (165). Hypertension in pregnancy is associated with potentially lethal complications including abruptio placentae, disseminated intravascular coagulation, cerebral hemorrhage, hepatic failure, and acute renal failure (122). Preeclampsia, one of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, has an incidence of 3-7%. Preeclampsia is characterized clinically by maternal high blood pressure, proteinuria and edema. Preeclamptics are more likely than normotensive pregnant women to experience metabolic disturbances similar to those seen in nonpregnant patients with coronary heart disease.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Every injury can be healed instantly with regenerative medicine. [SEP] Text: For example, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) supplementation improved plasma super oxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities, but had little influence on skeletal muscle regeneration in otherwise healthy adults [33]. In contrast, improved muscle repair was achieved using NAC in subjects with underlying chronic disease [34]. For example, Vercherat and colleagues showed that NAC supplementation in Stra13-/- mice, a murine model of dystrophy-like pathology, ameliorated oxidative stress and minimized muscle necrosis. Thus, these results suggest that treating oxidant stress associated with pre-existing pathologies may have the additional benefit of improving functional recovery of degenerating skeletal muscle. This finding is important as we and others have long-described the influence of chronic alcohol ingestion on free radical generation, elevated oxidative stress, glutathione depletion, and induction of redox-sensitive catabolic signaling mechanisms [7, 8, 36–39]. Thus, we believe that appropriate anti-oxidant supplementation may provide a clinically-relevant, convenient treatment option for alcoholic myopathy and act as a protective countermeasure to alleviate acute surges in oxidant stress and redox-sensitive factors following injury. As such, we are currently testing the effectiveness of several dietary glutathione precursors on repair processes in injured, alcoholic muscle. Specifically, we have previously shown and confirmed here that chronic alcohol ingestion increased TGFβ1 levels in skeletal muscle [7, 8]. Alcoholic muscle also had higher basal levels of interstitial fibrosis, a phenomenon recently described in triceps surae muscles from alcoholic rats [40]. Thus, higher basal levels of TGFβ1 and fibrosis in alcoholic muscle may predispose the muscle to a more robust fibrotic response following acute injury. Interestingly, TGFβ1 protein levels were similarly induced regardless of alcohol status and may suggest that fibrosis in regenerating alcoholic muscle may be regulated partly by other members of the TGFβ superfamily [41]. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is a member of the IL6 family of cytokines and has been shown to accelerate myotube differentiation and regenerated fiber number following exogenous application to injured muscle [26]. CNTF may also play a significant role in muscle repair by stimulating neuronal outgrowth [42] and subsequent re-innervation of damaged fibers [43].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Rhizobacteria enhance plant growth by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. [SEP] Text: Taxonomic classification based solely on 16S rRNA gene sequences is not reliable below genus level. Other tools and databases may be used and the results showed in a comparative way. l 250-251. "Tree cropland soils mixed with two humus and one vermiculite. . . ". Do the values mean proportions of each substrate used? Please, clarify. Consider change the statement to (or equivalent). . . "substrate was prepared including cropland soils, humus, and vermiculite, mixed in a proportion of 3:2:1". Validity of the findings In order to have the results clear and completely trustable, the authors need to clarify some methodological concerns and answer the specific questions, pointed out in this review. Additional comments l 134. The term "growth-promoting regulators" is better applied to refer only to phytohormones (it not include phosphate solubility and siderophore production). l 293. Several isolates are close related to well known nitrogen-fixing bacteria within Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria (e. g. , Burkholderia and rhizobia). Although, those isolates were able to growth during 7 generations in nitrogen-free media, to confirm them as nitrogen fixer, more evidence should be provided, such as nifH amplification/sequencing and nitrogenase activity assay. l 307-308. For each sampling region, three plants were collected and about 23 to 29 bacteria were isolated (only considering those with 16S rRNA gene sequence produced). Is this a representative sample in terms of diversity? If more isolates were taken, could new OTUs be discovered (e. g. , rarefaction curve reach a plateau or not)? If not, Shannon index values may be biased. Figure 1 (legend). "The bootstrap values were indicated at branch node, shown as MrBayes/Maximum Likelihood". Bootstrap analysis do not apply to Bayesian method. Cite this review as (2019) #1 of "Growth-promoting characteristics of potential nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the root of an invasive plant Ageratina adenophora (v0. 1)".

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Physical activity reduces the risk of chronic diseases like diabetes and heart disease. [SEP] Text: Metabolic disturbances consistently associated with preeclampsia include hypertriglyceridemia (65,87), excessive lipid peroxidation (167), antioxidant deficiency (182), insulin resistance (87), sympathetic nervous system over-reactivity (147), plasma elevations of pro-inflammatory cytokines and C-reactive protein (134,170), hyper-homocystinemia (153), hyperleptinemia (124,170), and a thromboxane-prostacyclin imbalance that favors vasoconstriction (168). Moreover, pathologic lesions found in preeclamptic placentas are similar to those seen in atherosclerosis (137). There is considerable overlap between the epidemiology of preeclampsia, essential hypertension and coronary heart disease. Risk factors for the respective disorders include obesity, sedentary lifestyle, history of diabetes, familial history of essential hypertension, depression and anxiety. Women with a history of preeclampsia have increased risk of developing essential hypertension in the years following such pregnancies (97,125,150). For example, Nisell et. al. (125) reported that after seven years of follow-up, women with a history of gestational hypertension or preeclampsia experienced an increased risk of developing essential hypertension compared to normotensive controls (37% and 20% vs. 2%, respectively). Overall, available evidence suggests that the pathophysiological and epidemiological characteristics of preeclamptics are remarkably similar to those seen among men and nonpregnant women with essential hypertension (165,172). However, relatively little research has been conducted to assess the occurrence of the former condition in relation to modifiable risk factors such as physical activity. This is an important area that should be explored further in future studies. What is the Evidence of of Preeclampsia with Physical Activity? To date there are only three published studies that have assessed the occurrence of preeclampsia in relation to maternal recreational physical activity. Over a decade ago, Marcoux et al. performed a case-control study of previously pregnant Canadian women (106). Women who participated regularly in recreational physical activity during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy experienced a 43% reduction in risk of preeclampsia as compared to sedentary women. The investigators also noted that the relative risk of preeclampsia decreased as average time spent performing physical activities increased. Sorensen et al.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Every injury can be healed instantly with regenerative medicine. [SEP] Text: Here, chronic alcohol ingestion delayed the temporal expression pattern of injury-induced CNTF. CNTF did not peak in muscle from alcohol-fed mice until 14 days after injury and its absence during the earlier stages of recovery may have contributed to the faulty regenerative response beyond 14 days of recovery in muscle from alcohol-fed mice. ConclusionsWe showed that chronic alcohol ingestion altered the regenerative response following skeletal muscle injury. Specifically, areas of regenerated fibers were significantly smaller after 7 and 14 days of recovery from BaCl2-induced injury in alcohol-fed mice. In addition, injured muscle from alcohol-fed mice had increased fibrosis compared to controls. These effects were likely mediated, in part, by altered temporal expressions of CNTF and TGFβ1, respectively. MethodsAnimals and dietsMale C57Bl/6 mice (~ 8 wk) were purchased from Laboratories (Bar Harbor, ME), housed in groups of five under a 12:12 light–dark cycle, and provided standard rodent chow ad libitum. All procedures were approved by the Institute for. Subgroups of mice were provided alcohol-containing drinking water for 18–20 weeks as previously described [44]. Briefly, alcohol was added gradually to acclimatize the mice to the diet and was sequentially added as 5%, 10%, and 15% for 3–4 days each before finally provided as 20% (v/v) for the duration of the experiment. Barium chloride (BaCl2)-induced injuries were performed in mice that had been on 20% alcohol for up to 18 weeks. Body weights were recorded before muscle injury. Following muscle injury, mice returned to either control or alcohol diet until the study’s conclusion. At this time, mice were euthanized following CO2 asphyxiation, weighed, and their tibialis anterior (TA) muscles were removed, blotted dry, weighed, and prepared for further analyses. Barium chloride-induced skeletal muscle injuryAlcoholic or control mice were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of a xylazine (15 mg/kg) and ketamine (100 mg/kg) cocktail. Fifty-μl of a 1. 2% BaCl2 solution were injected into mouse TA muscles using a Hamilton syringe and 27 G needle as previously described [45]. Contralateral TA muscles served as uninjured controls.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Rhizobacteria enhance plant growth by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. [SEP] Text: The gaps in current knowledge have been identified by the authors and addressed in the presented experiments. The methods have been explained in sufficient detail to replicate with the exception of the use of unexplained abbreviations and the lack of 0. 1)". PeerJ Submission (PDF) - submitted Dec 6, 2018 All text and materials provided via this peer-review history page are made available under a Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Physical activity reduces the risk of chronic diseases like diabetes and heart disease. [SEP] Text: found that regular participation in recreational physical activity during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy was associated with a 35% reduced risk of preeclampsia (154). The risk of preeclampsia decreased in proportion to exercise intensity and total energy expended during the activities. The authors also documented a possible reduction in risk of preeclampsia in relation to walking and stair climbing, activities that pregnant women perform routinely. Women who climbed stairs regularly experienced a 44% to 69% reduction in risk of preeclampsia, and the reduction was evident among all women, irrespective of their participation in recreational physical activities. In 2004, Saftlas et al. (143) reported results from a nested case-control study of New Haven, CT women that corroborated the previous reports from Montreal and Seattle (105,154). are Likely to Account for the in in Relation to in Activity during Pregnancy? Evidence from epidemiological, controlled clinical metabolic, and animal studies suggests that physical activity may impact preeclampsia occurrence through a number of biological pathways. Potential intermediate effects include reduced blood pressure, decreased concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines and leptin in peripheral circulation, reduced oxidative stress, and improved plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations (21,27,61,81,108,123,180). The following paragraphs include a brief review of the literature, which documents metabolic and other physiologic changes associated with habitual physical activity. Where possible, specific indication is provided regarding whether studies included pregnant women. Results from observational epidemiological studies and randomized trials have consistently demonstrated an inverse relation between recreational physical activity and blood pressure in nonpregnant (89,108) and pregnant women (180). In a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, investigators observed that aerobic exercise performed by nonpregnant women significantly reduced resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures (89). Exercise therapy has also been shown to result in reduced diastolic blood pressures in pregnant women with a history of mild hypertension, gestational hypertension or family history of hypertensive disorders (180). Recreational physical activity is also associated with improvements in lipid concentrations in men and nonpregnant women. Specific improvements include reduced plasma triglycerides and increased high-density lipoproteins (61). Every aspect of lipid metabolism is dramatically altered during pregnancy. Maternal serum or plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations increase 1.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Every injury can be healed instantly with regenerative medicine. [SEP] Text: Briefly, the needle was inserted at the origin of the TA, extended past the mid-belly of the muscle to a region just superior to the distal tendon. Next, the diluted BaCl2 solution was continuously injected into the TA as the syringe was removed. Complete serial sections of the injured TA confirmed that the mid-belly section was affected by the myotoxin (unpublished observations). Injured and uninjured, contralateral control muscles were harvested post mortem at 2, 7, or 14 days following injury (n = 6-8/time) and processed for markers of degeneration and regeneration. Voluntary wheel runningTo assess the influence of alcohol and/or injury on voluntary activity, subgroups of injured or uninjured alcoholic and control-fed mice were provided free access to a running wheel (Super pet comfort wheel, 5. 5” diameter, PetSmart, Inc. , Phoenix, Arizona) that was equipped with a cycle monitor (Velo 8 computer, CatEye Co. LTD, Osaka, Japan). Animals were maintained on either the alcoholic or control diet. Daily (24 h) and total distance accrued over 14 days were recorded. Histological assessment of regeneration and fibrosis in injured TA musclesUninjured and injured TA muscles were removed, embedded in OCT, and immediately frozen in isopentane cooled in liquid nitrogen. To ensure that we were assessing the most damaged portion of the TA, muscles were cut in serial sections at 10 μm beginning at the mid-belly. Sections were then processed for hematoxylin and eosin staining, dehydrated, mounted, and visualized at 10X with a Leica microscope as previously described [7, 8, 22, 46]. Cross-sectional areas of approximately 200 centrally-nucleated fibers (i. e. , regenerated fibers) per muscle were calculated using ImageJ software (). Fibrosis was determined using trichrome staining as previously described [31]. The fibrotic index was calculated using ImageJ software and represents the density of blue, collagen-stained areas relative to the entire muscle-containing visual field of at least 2 independent fields. Collagen VI and fibronectin western blots were used to complement and confirm data used to calculate the fibrotic index. Western blot analysesEqual amounts of protein were boiled for 2 minutes in sample buffer that contained: 0.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Rhizobacteria enhance plant growth by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. [SEP] Text: apsoil. 2008. 01. 006 Web of Science®2009. Characterization of plant growth-promoting traits of free-living diazotrophic bacteria and their inoculation effects on growth and nitrogen uptake of crop plants. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. , 19, 1213–1222. 10. 4014/jmb. 0903. 3028 of Science®2003. Plant growth-promoting effects of diazotrophs in the rhizosphere. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. , 22, 107–149. 10. 1080/713610853 CASWeb of Science®2008. Evaluation of genetic diversity and plant growth promoting activities of nitrogen-fixing bacilli isolated from rice fields in South Brazil. Appl. Soil Ecol. , 39, 311–320. 10. 1016/j. apsoil. 2008. 01. 006 Web of Science®1993. Pepper breeding. In: Breeding of Solonaceaeous and Cole crops. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. , 129, 826–832. 1998. Calcium, iron, potassium, phosphorus, and vitamin C content of organic and hydroponic tomatoes. HortScience, 33, 255–257. CASWeb of Science®2005. The anti-carcinogenic and anti-atherogenic effects of lycopene: a review. Sci. Technol. , 16, 344–350. 10. 1016/j. tifs. 2005. 02. 002 CASWeb of Science®2004. Composition of main carotenoids in Korean red pepper (Capsicum annuum L. ) and changes of pigment stability during the drying and storage process. J. Food Sci. , 69, FCT39–FCT44. 10. 1111/j. 1365-2621. 2004. tb17853. x CAS2011. Effect of water activity and temperature on the color change of red pepper (Capsicum annuum L. ) powder. Food Sci. Biotechnol. , 20, 215–222. 10. 1007/s10068-011-0029-2 Web of Science®2000. The potential role of biological nitrogen fixation in meeting future demand for rice and fertilizer. In: J. K. Ladha, P. M. Reddy (Eds.

Output: pass