Input: Claim: Cryptocurrency will soon replace all fiat currencies worldwide. [SEP] Text: One interesting way to look at corporate risk management is that many companies outsource their medium of exchange to nation states. Companies depend on government to exchange value across space and time. A company that uses ten barrels of oil and ten tons of steel to produce ten widgets per year worth a combined 15 barrels of oil and 15 tons of steel might sensibly choose to manage risk by storing ten barrels of oil and ten tons of steel this year. The extra five barrels of oil and five tons of steel could then be exchanged in monetary form for distribution in wages or as profit. Unfortunately, both oil and steel fluctuate against all currencies, so companies need to manage it. Further, currencies fluctuate against other currencies. Governments steal value from the future store of value via inflation. Suddenly, any large company finds itself devoting a fair chunk of resource to managing its money. Large treasury units are expensive to run and maintain. They can also be dangerous. The more inept governments become the more the company needs to manage its outsource arrangements. In most other cases, the company would fire the outsourcer or re-contract the outsourcing assignment or bring the value storage task in-house. Some people would argue that major currencies such as sterling, the dollar, or the yen have been mismanaged over decades, and the recent financial crisis just highlights the mismanagement more than usual. A partial inspiration for this paper was reading David Boyle's 1999 book whose publicity states, "Only our limited idea of money is keeping us poor. " So some companies are restructuring their "outsourcing" relationships, if unconsciously, in two ways: first, they are examining other currencies. For large corporates, LETS are unlikely to supplant fiat currencies as local currencies would probably require even more management. Another approach to currency is to rebase the corporate accounts in another unit of account, e. g. special drawing rights (SDRs, an IMF currency basket). countries are discussing alternative SDRs. This naturally leads to more business-related baskets, such as a basket of commodities. A long-term proposal has been Bernard Lietaer's Terra, a currency he would base on a basket of the 12 most important commodities in world trade. Another attempt to produce a less volatile world currency unit has been launched as the Wocu, a tradable derivative of the exchange rates of the World's top 20 currencies as measured by GDP. Second, some companies are bringing more tasks in-house.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The detection of gases like methane on exoplanets is often seen as strong evidence of life. [SEP] Text: Conferences 0 in with login/password Your subscription volumesFor authors About A&A Aims and scopeHistoryEditors of A&ABoard of DirectorsIndexed inCopyrightA&A leaflet (PDF)A&A S2O leaflet (PDF)MastheadBrowse 1. Introduction2. Main guidelines for A&A style3. General structure4. UK versus US spelling and grammar5. Punctuation and style concerns regarding equations, figures, tables, and footnotes6. Verb tenses7. General hyphenation guide8. Common editing issues9. Measurements and their descriptions10. Suggested resources for more tips on language editing in the sciences(PDF file)LaTeX issues TeXnical background information The preamble of your TEX fileThe manuscript headerIncluding author names using non-Roman alphabetsThe main textFiguresTablesMultimedia 1. Introduction2. Main guidelines for A&A style3. General structure4. UK versus US spelling and grammar5. Punctuation and style concerns regarding equations, figures, tables, and footnotes6. Verb tenses7. General hyphenation guide8. Common editing issues9. Measurements and their descriptions10. Suggested resources for more tips on language editing in the sciences(PDF file)LaTeX issues TeXnical background information The preamble of your TEX fileThe manuscript headerIncluding author names using non-Roman alphabetsThe main textFiguresTablesMultimedia 10. 1051/0004-6361/202243846 Published online 02 December 2022 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Summary and conclusions Acknowledgements 2. 5-yr search phase, LIFE could detect between ~10–16 (average) or ~5–34 (including 1σ uncertainties) rocky planets (0. 5 R⊕ ≤ Rp ≤ 1. 5 R⊕) within the optimistic HZ of Sun-like stars and between ~4–6 (average) or ~1–13 (including 1σ uncertainties) exo-Earth candidates (EECs) assuming four collector spacecraft equipped with 2 m mirrors and a conservative instrument throughput of 5%. The error bars are dominated by uncertainties in the underlying planet occurrence rates and the extrapolation of the Kepler results. = 3.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Excessive sugar consumption is linked to a higher risk of metabolic diseases. [SEP] Text: nhlbi. nih. gov/health-topics/study-quality-assessment-tools Accessed on 2nd Feb 2021 [10]. Association of free sugars intake with cardiometabolic risk factors among Japanese adults: The 2016 national health and nutrition survey, Japan. Nutrients 2020; 12(12): 3624. [ [PMID: 33255814] [11] Denova-Gutiérrez E, Talavera JO, Huitrón-Bravo G, Méndez-Hernández P, Salmerón J. Sweetened beverage consumption and increased risk of metabolic syndrome in Mexican adults. Nutr 2010; 13(6): 835-42. [ [PMID: 20144256] [12]. Sugar-sweetened beverages and prevalence of the metabolically abnormal phenotype in the Study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22(5): E157-63. [ [PMID: 24550031] [13] Khosravi- Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages in relation to the metabolic syndrome among Iranian adults. 2012; 5(4): 527-37. [ [PMID: 22854602] [14]. Substituting homemade fruit juice for sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with lower odds of metabolic syndrome among Hispanic adults. J Nutr 2012; 142(6): 1081-7. [ [PMID: 22551801] [15]. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in relation to obesity and metabolic syndrome among Korean adults: A cross-sectional study from the 2012–2016 Korean national health and nutrition examination survey (). Nutrients 2018; 10(10): 1467. [ [PMID: 30304842] [16] Barrio-Lopez MT, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Fernandez--Rastrollo M. Prospective study of changes in sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and the incidence of the metabolic syndrome and its components: The SUN cohort. Nutr 2013; 110(9): 1722-31. [ [PMID: 23534417] [17] Duffey KJ, Gordon-. Drinking caloric beverages increases the risk of adverse cardiometabolic outcomes in the in () Study. 2010; 92(4): 954-9.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Cryptocurrency will soon replace all fiat currencies worldwide. [SEP] Text: As a start to bringing currency management in-house, companies and groups of companies can develop their own currencies. Technology is lowering those barriers. Not surprisingly, given the harsher conditions, these newer currencies are emerging earliest in developing countries. Widespread successes include Africa's M-Pesa, Zap, Wizzit, or Celpay and the Philippines' Gcash or Smart Money. Of course, telcos globally are well-suited to supplanting monetary systems and have been circling around this area for years, think Western Union. Bringing money in-house sounds absurd, but of course, that is what full-scale risk management involves across the company - maximizing return by storing value so that the company purchases in the lowest "currency" and sells into the highest "currency. " Cheap oil and steel today, more expensive widget markets tomorrow. It may well be that the larger corporates, perhaps beginning with the larger mobile phone companies, begin to issue their own currencies. Then we would have a shadow currency system to replace a shadow banking system. The eternal coin One interesting thought experiment, the eternal coin, has been suggested by Z/and the project. The aim of the project is "to improve society's understanding and use of finance over the long-term. " Long finance is a collaborative vehicle dedicated to creating long-term finance from an intellectual and systems perspective. A "kitchen cabinet" of enthusiasts and visionaries from different organizations, many senior individuals from traditional capital markets backgrounds in investment management and banking, but also journalists, Sharia financiers, government officials, regulators and academics, intends to move commercial, regulatory, and government thinking from responsive to anticipatory and from local to global. The iconic focus of long finance, comparable to the long now's focus on the clock of the long now, is the paradoxical concept of enduring value expressed as the eternal coin. The eternal coin is a discussion project where people try to build the coin best suited to the long term. The eternal coin project should be explainable to the "man on the street," and link through most of the research. Imagine a web site where people can create their own currencies and talk about what enduring value means in a sustainable financial system. Will it be combinations of bonds or shares or commodities or forestry or land or "peak" - a basket currency weighted by the remaining life of key resources - or water or carbon or the dollar or euro or yuan or SDRs?

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The detection of gases like methane on exoplanets is often seen as strong evidence of life. [SEP] Text: 5 m or 1 m mirrors, the yield Y changes strongly, following approximately Y ∝ D3/2. With the larger sample of FGK-type stars, the yield increases to ~ 16–22 (average) rocky planets within the optimistic HZ and ~5–8 (average) EECs, which corresponds to ~50% of the yield predicted for M dwarfs in LIFE paper I. Furthermore, we find that in addition to the mirror diameter, the yield depends strongly on the total throughput, but only weakly on the exozodiacal dust level and the accessible wavelength range of the mission. Conclusions. When the focus lies entirely on Sun-like stars, larger mirrors (~3 m with 5% total throughput) or a better total throughput (~20% with 2 m mirrors) are required to detect a statistically relevant sample of ~30 rocky planets within the optimistic HZ. When the scope is extended to FGK-type stars, and especially when M dwarfs are included, a significant increase in the number of detectable rocky HZ planets is obtained, which relaxes the requirements on mirror size and total throughput. Observational insight into the habitability of planets orbiting M dwarfs, for example, from the Space Telescope, is crucial for guiding the target selection and observing sequence optimization for a mission such as LIFE. Key words: telescopes planets and satellites: detection planets and satellites: terrestrial planets techniques: interferometric techniques: high angular resolution © J. Kammerer et al. 2022 4. 0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This 0. 32 transiting HZ planets around GK-type stars within d = 20 pc. Moreover, transiting HZ planets are strongly biased toward M dwarfs (e. g. , -1, Gillon et al. 2017) because the transit signal is stronger and the HZ is located closer to the host star, which increases the geometrical transit probability. While atmospheric characterization of (nontransiting) radial velocity planets is possible with the cross-correlation Doppler spectroscopy technique, this method requires very high spectral resolution (R ~ 100000, de Kok et al. 2014), which is challenging for faint Earth-like exoplanets even with the upcoming Telescopes (ELTs; e. g. , Snellen et al. 2015).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Excessive sugar consumption is linked to a higher risk of metabolic diseases. [SEP] Text: [ [PMID: 20702604] [18] Ferreira-Pêgo C, Babio N, Bes-Rastrollo M, et al. Frequent consumption of sugar- and artificially sweetened beverages and natural and bottled fruit juices is associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular disease risk. J Nutr 2016; 146(8): 1528-36. [ [PMID: 27358413] [19] A dietary pattern with high sugar content is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in the pomak population. Nutrients 2019; 11(12): 3043. [ [PMID: 31847144] [20]. Sugar intake and metabolic syndrome among older adults in Peninsular Malaysia. Nutr 2018; 24(2): 163-74. [21] Sugar-sweetened beverage, sugar intake of individuals, and their blood pressure: International study of macro/micronutrients and blood pressure. Hypertension 2011; 57(4): 695-701. [ [PMID: 21357284] [22] Sugar-sweetened beverages consumption in relation to hypertension among Iranian university students: study. Disord 2020; 25(4): 973-82. [ [PMID: 31115792] [23]. Habitual intake of fruit juice predicts central blood pressure. Appetite 2015; 84: 68-72. [ [PMID: 25278432] [24] Reducing consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with reduced blood pressure: A prospective study among adults. Circulation 2010; 121(22): 2398-406. [ [PMID: 20497980] [25]. Association of sweetened beverage intake with incident hypertension. J Med 2012; 27(9): 1127-34. [ [PMID: 22539069] [26]. Association between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and incident hypertension in Korean adults: A prospective study. Nutr 2019; 58(3): 1009-17. [ [PMID: 29372311] [27] Sayon-Orea C, Martinez--Rastrollo M. Baseline consumption and changes in sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and the incidence of hypertension: The SUN project. 2015; 34(6): 1133-40.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All cryptocurrencies operate in the same way, without variation in technology or purpose. [SEP] Text: Importantly, they found that the effect of current drought was stronger in mites originating from wetter climate, demonstrating intraspecific variability (and possibly local adaptation) in response to drought. The second version of the manuscript represents a clear improvement from the previous version. The authors addressed a fair amount of comments made by the three reviewers. In particular, the paper reads much better now, and several minor issues were clarified. However, I still need to be convinced by the modelling approach. Inferences on the effect of drought on life history traits are based on a series of 12 repeated ANOVA, which is not recommended. This approach not only increases the risk of false discovery, but also prevents testing differences among populations. Yet, this is a key aspect of the paper. A possible alternative would consist in mixed-effect models in which population would be a random factor, crossed with plant identity, as there are two replicates (cotyledons) per plant. In addition, I have few minor comments:I would appreciate to see proper hypotheses/predictions stated at the end of the introduction. understand there are discrepancies in the literature, I believe this is possible here. I noticed the authors refrained from interpreting their results in terms of preference/performance of mites for/on drought-stressed plants. This is surely on purpose. Still, I had some difficulties to interpret the response of some life history traits. That’s typically the case for development time and sex ratio. That would be great if the authors could link each life history traits with fitness/population performance (if it makes sense). I guess that reduced development time allows faster reproduction and escape from enemies (slow-growth-high-mortality hypothesis). Yet, if development time is time from egg to male and female emergence. I guess this encompasses embryonic development and larval development? Very little basic information on mite biology would be needed for non-mite people. L100 - is it correct to talk about “population fitness”? I thought it was defined at the level of individuals. L282-284 - In this paragraph, it is unclear to me what is the y-variable. Figure 4 - Maybe consider adding cross-population means and SD? L394-397 - This is an excellent summary! Maybe consider adding one opening sentence? Discussion: the mechanisms linking drought with increased fecundity are discussed.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The detection of gases like methane on exoplanets is often seen as strong evidence of life. [SEP] Text: Nevertheless, the number of Earth-like exoplanets in the HZ of their host star that could be found in an initial search phase is an important metric for evaluating the scientific merit of all of these mission concepts and inform science and technical requirements. In previous works, Stark et al. (2014a) and Stark et al. (2015) found that a reflected-light coronagraphy space mission needs an aperture of at least ~8. 5 m circumscribed diameter to achieve an exo-Earth candidate (EEC) yield of 30. Recent studies for a thermal emission nulling interferometry space mission such as LIFE by Kammerer & Quanz (2018), and Quanz et al. (2018, 2022) showed that when a total instrument throughput of 5% is assumed, four collector spacecraft with ~3. 5 m apertures are required to obtain a similar yield of 30 EECs. These yield estimates also revealed a strong preference for detections in thermal emission around M dwarfs. This stems from the high fraction of M dwarfs in the solar neighborhood (e. g. , Kroupa 2001; Reylé et al. 2021) and the limiting factor of the nulling interferometry technique being sensitivity rather than angular resolution (Quanz et al. 2022), which ultimately facilitates the detection of rocky HZ planets around nearby M dwarfs with LIFE. Especially the high angular resolution of a mid-infrared interferometer enables observations of planets around M dwarfs that are not accessible with a single-aperture near-infrared telescope, further increasing the fraction of detections around (very) late-type stars (Kammerer & Quanz 2018). Consequently, when the yield of Earth-like planets within the HZ of their host star is specifically maximized, an observing sequence that focuses almost entirely (~90%) on M dwarfs within 10 pc is obtained (Quanz et al. 2022). These findings show that a mission such as LIFE could detect ~20 EECs even with smaller 2 m mirrors and demonstrate its eminent scientific capabilities. However, they also raise fundamental questions about the habitability prospects for planets orbiting M dwarfs (e. g. , Shields et al. 2016) and the performance of a mission such as LIFE when focusing entirely on Sun-like stars, as is the case in the and HabEx reports (2019; Gaudi et al. 2020).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Excessive sugar consumption is linked to a higher risk of metabolic diseases. [SEP] Text: [ [PMID: 25481680] [28] -K, Lee JE. Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and blood pressure in the United States: The national health and nutrition examination survey 2003-2006. Res 2012; 1(1): 85-93. [ [PMID: 23430313] [29] Sluijs I, van der Schouw YT, van der A DL, et al. Carbohydrate quantity and quality and risk of type 2 diabetes in the Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Netherlands (EPIC-NL) study. 2010; 92(4): 905-11. [ [PMID: 20685945] [30] de. Sugar-sweetened and artificially sweetened beverage consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in men. 2011; 93(6): 1321-7. [ [PMID: 21430119] [31]. Soft drink and juice consumption and risk of physician-diagnosed incident type 2 diabetes: Study. Epidemiol 2010; 171(6): 701-8. [ [PMID: 20160170] [32] Caffeinated and caffeine-free beverages and risk of type 2 diabetes. 2013; 97(1): 155-66. [ [PMID: 23151535] [33] -Chapelon F. Consumption of artificially and sugar-sweetened beverages and incident type 2 diabetes in the aupres des femmes de la de l’Education Nationale-Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. 2013; 97(3): 517-23. [ [PMID: 23364017] [34] Sugar-sweetened beverage and diet soda consumption and the 7-year risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle-aged Japanese men. Nutr 2014; 53(4): 1137-8. [ [PMID: 24633756] [35] Effects of sugar-sweetened beverage intake on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance: diabetes prevention study. J Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2015; 61(1): 14-9. [ [PMID: 25994135] [36]. Caloric sweetener consumption and dyslipidemia among US adults. JAMA 2010; 303(15): 1490-7.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: No health risks are involved for tourists traveling to space. [SEP] Text: ResultsOf the 20 participants, 13 were men and seven were women. Participants’ ages ranged between 23 and 67, though the majority were over 50 years of age. Half of the caregiver-companions we spoke with traveled abroad with their spouses while the others traveled with a sibling, parent, or adult child. A small minority traveled with a friend. The medical tourists they accompanied obtained a variety of surgical procedures, including: hip or knee replacement, bariatric surgery, cataract surgery, colorectal surgery, and hernia repair surgery. Several of the care recipients went abroad for the experimental chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) procedure for multiple sclerosis (see also [30]). The caregiver-companions and medical tourists travelled to 12 different countries: the Philippines, Poland, Spain, Turkey, the U. S. , and Venezuela. Though the participants had diverse experiences of providing care in medical tourism (see also [35, 36]), their advice to future caregiver-companions that we share in this section reflected the commonalities of their experiences. In the remainder of this section we expand on the five unique yet related themes that examine the points of advice former caregiver-companions have for others planning to assume this role. Become an informed health care consumerMany participants advised prospective caregiver-companions to become informed health care consumers by ensuring that they: (1) understand the procedure the care recipient will be undertaking and its risks, and (2) review information about clinics, doctors, and/or destinations. Participants were almost unanimous in offering this piece of advice, some suggesting that it was useful to start becoming an informed consumer prior to agreeing to take on an informal caregiving role. One participant advised: “make sure that you gather as much information as you possibly can, research, ask questions before you go. ” To most participants, undertaking such research was actually their first step towards becoming comfortable with the idea of caring for someone who was traveling abroad for medical care. Typically, information was gathered from internet sources. Undertaking online research enabled participants to feel as though they were informed health care consumers. As one participant explained: “we [participant and the medical tourist] did as much research as we possibly could, you know we were looking up anything online about them [clinics], you know rate your doctor, everything.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The detection of gases like methane on exoplanets is often seen as strong evidence of life. [SEP] Text: We therefore follow a very conservative approach toward the concept of habitability here and focus solely on the capabilities of a mission such as LIFE to detect Earth-like exoplanets in the HZ of Sun-like and FGK-type stars. Therefore, we use the definition of Sun-like stars and the recently published rocky planet occurrence rates specifically inferred for these stars using the Poisson likelihood Bayesian analysis from Bryson et al. (2021). Compared to Quanz et al. (2022), who have published a first yield estimate for the subsample of FGK-type stars, this paper revisits the specific occurrence rate of rocky planets in the HZs of FKG-type and Sun-like stars. The new occurrence rates for rocky planets used in this paper cover the entire optimistic and conservative HZs from Kopparapu et al. (2014) for these stars. On the other hand, as illustrated in Sect. 2. 3, the planet population used in Quanz et al. (2022) misses a significant portion of these HZs, leading to an underestimation of the expected HZ planet yield. Moreover, the new planet occurrence rates from Bryson et al. (2021) predict that HZ planets around FGK-type stars are at least as common as those around M dwarfs, resulting in a higher planet yield for the FGK-type star sample than that predicted in Quanz et al. (2022), who used the planet occurrence rates from Kopparapu et al. (2018) (i. e. , from the 13). For a better comparability between the HZ planet yield for FGK-type stars obtained in this paper and the yield published in Quanz et al. (2022), we use the same underlying stellar sample of FGK-type stars as in Quanz et al. (2022) in addition to the sample of Sun-like stars as defined in Bryson et al. (2021). Finally, we also go one step further than Quanz et al. (2022) and estimate the number of detected HZ planets that might indeed be habitable and harbor liquid surface water using the tool from Zsom (2015).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Excessive sugar consumption is linked to a higher risk of metabolic diseases. [SEP] Text: [ [PMID: 20407058] [37] Bermudez OI, Gao X. Greater consumption of sweetened beverages and added sugars is associated with obesity among US young adults. Metab 2010; 57(3-4): 211-8. [ [PMID: 21088388] [38]. Fruit drink consumption is associated with overweight and obesity in Canadian women. 2012; 103(3): 178-82. [ [PMID: 22905635] [39]. Sugar-sweetened and diet beverages in relation to visceral adipose tissue. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2012; 20(3): 689-91. [ [PMID: 21901024] [40]. Association between commercial and traditional sugar-sweetened beverages and measures of adiposity in Costa Rica. Nutr 2012; 15(8): 1347-54. [ [PMID: 22494394] [41] Jayalath VH, de Souza RJ, Ha V, et al. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and incident hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohorts. 2015; 102(4): 914-21. [ [PMID: 26269365] [42] és. Sugar-sweetened beverages and risk of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis. 2010; 33(11): 2477-83. [ [PMID: 20693348] [43]. Prospective associations between sugar-sweetened beverage intakes and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents. 2013; 98(2): 327-34. [ [PMID: 23719557] [44]. Dietary sugars and body weight: Systematic review and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and cohort studies. BMJ 2012; 346: e7492. [ [PMID: 23321486] [45]. Metabolic syndrome: Definitions and controversies. BMC Med 2011; 9: 48. [ [PMID: 21542944] [46] Chait A, den Hartigh LJ. Adipose tissue distribution, inflammation and its metabolic consequences, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Med 2020; 7: 22. [ [PMID: 32158768] [47]. Etiology of metabolic syndrome and dietary intervention. 2018; 20(1): 128.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: No health risks are involved for tourists traveling to space. [SEP] Text: ” A few participants voiced frustration about the fact that, other than promotional websites, little publicly accessible information was available about medical tourism clinics abroad. Beyond online sources, participants identified previous medical tourists or prior clients of the clinics abroad as another important source of information about procedures, health care facilities, and what generally to expect. The reason why participants placed great emphasis on becoming informed health care consumers was because it was reported that challenges could arise when caregiver-companions are not well informed about the trip or the medical procedure being accessed abroad. According to participants, being uninformed about key aspects of travel could bring about stress or other negative outcomes. Participants explained that caregiver-companions needed to have a sense of the full scope of the responsibilities they taken on while abroad, from changing wound dressings to locating foods that meet post-operative dietary requirements. They suggested this familiarity came through undertaking research and becoming as informed as possible prior to departure. It was also noted, though, that some caregiver-companions lacked the skills or time to do appropriate research and assess information about medical tourism. One participant commented that: …most people don’t have this sort of, well the skills…a lot of people don’t have the determination to do all this research [up front] so maybe a lot of people may end up choosing the wrong type of surgery and the wrong doctor and even though all their intentions are good and they want to be healthy, they have bad outcomes. This statement reflected the tension between participants’ emphasis on research and caregiver-companions’ potential inability to access quality information or interpret it effectively. It also drew together a link between medical tourists and caregiver-companions both becoming informed health care consumers, in that a caregiver-companion may be able to augment the information obtained by the care recipient while working together to both become informed health care consumers. Assess and avoid exposure to riskParticipants stressed the importance of attentiveness to safety risks, both in the destination at large and specifically in the clinic. They also provided advice concerning how to avoid these threats, which could come from sources as diverse as unscrupulous industry members or unsafe local surroundings. One participant offered the opinion that research was necessary to avoid these potential threats, describing the negative experiences that had been witnessed among or reported by other medical tourists and caregiver-companions while abroad: …they had no idea what it was about. They never looked into it.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The detection of gases like methane on exoplanets is often seen as strong evidence of life. [SEP] Text: Furthermore, we update our existing planet population synthesis code P-pop2 (Kammerer & Quanz 2018) to be able to marginalize over the uncertainties in the planet occurrence rate model and reflect these uncertainties in the final yield estimates. Compared to Quanz et al. (2022), we hence obtain more realistic uncertainties and also observe new effects on the observing sequence stemming from the spectral-type dependence of the planet occurrence rates. Future updates of our yield estimate code will include instrumental noise sources in addition to the astrophysical photon noise from stellar leakage, local and exozodiacal dust, and the capability of simulating revisits of promising targets. As outlined in Sect. 4. 2, this will further increase the expected HZ planet yield. We also use our new simulations to study the predicted HZ planet yield as a function of the most important instrumental and astrophysical mission parameters such as the mirror diameter, the total throughput, the spectral coverage, and the exozodiacal dust level. This parameter study enables deriving requirements on the instrument parameters that are driven by the science goals of the mission. Ultimately, this work enables a more direct comparison between thermal emission and reflected-light missions and demonstrates the scientific capabilities of a mission such as LIFE under the conservative assumption that life can only exist around Sun-like stars, given that the Earth is still the only habitable planet known to us. Fig. 1Distance (left), mass (middle left), radius (middle right), and effective temperature (right) distribution of the two stellar samples (Sun-like and FGK-type stars) considered in this work. Sun-like stars are defined as stars with an effective temperature between 4800 and 6300 K. They are a subsample of the FGK-type stars. 2 estimate the number of Earth-like exoplanets in the HZ of Sun-like and FGK-type stars that can be detected with LIFE, we simulated 1000 synthetic planet populations based on Kepler statistics around a sample of nearby (distance d < 20 pc) stars with effective temperatures between 4800–6300 K and 3940–7220 K, respectively. Then, we used LIFE sim (Dannert et al. 2022) to compute the required integration time for detecting each of the simulated planets assuming photon noise from stellar leakage, local zodiacal, and exozodiacal light. Similar as in Quanz et al.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Excessive sugar consumption is linked to a higher risk of metabolic diseases. [SEP] Text: [ [PMID: 30602666] [48] Papier K, D’Este C, Bain C, et al. Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and type 2 diabetes incidence in Thai adults: Results from an 8-year prospective study. 2017; 7(6): e283. [ [PMID: 28628126] [49] Sugar-sweetened product consumption alters glucose homeostasis compared with dairy product consumption in men and women at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Nutr 2015; 145(3): 459-66. [ [PMID: 25733460] [50] -Lozada LG, et al. Sugar, uric acid, and the etiology of diabetes and obesity. Diabetes 2013; 62(10): 3307-15. [ [PMID: 24065788] [51] Khitan Z, Kim DH. Fructose: A key factor in the development of metabolic syndrome and hypertension. J 2013; 2013: 682673. [ [PMID: 23762544] [52] Single oral challenge by advanced glycation end products acutely impairs endothelial function in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. 2007; 30(10): 2579-82. [ [PMID: 17496238] [53] Consumption of sweet beverages and type 2 diabetes incidence in European adults: Results from EPIC-InterAct. Diabetologia 2013; 56(7): 1520-30. [ [PMID: 23620057] [54] Löfvenborg Sweetened beverage intake and risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and type 2 diabetes. Endocrinol 2016; 175(6): 605-14. [ [PMID: 27926472] [55] Perez-ánchez-. Excessive fructose intake induces the features of metabolic syndrome in healthy adult men: Role of uric acid in the hypertensive response. Obes 2010; 34(3): 454-61. [ [PMID: 20029377] [56]. Serum uric acid levels were dynamically coupled with hemoglobin A1c in the development of type 2 diabetes. 2016; 6: 28549. [ [PMID: 27328642] [57].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: No health risks are involved for tourists traveling to space. [SEP] Text: They kind of just paid their money and went and, I mean if they got good results it was good. But some of the doctors that they did go to weren’t very good. And the places they went to weren’t very good [in terms of quality and local safety]. According to this participant, medical tourists could be at risk of traveling to doctors and facilities that were low-quality, particularly if they failed to do adequate research. It was acknowledged that exposure to such facilities many not only have affected the person undergoing care but also the caregiver-companion, particularly when protocols that ensured safe and clean environments in clinics were lax. However, as noted in the previous section, medical tourists and their caregivers may not have been equipped to conduct research or they could have found it difficult to access reliable information. Thus, as many participants noted, they were vulnerable to potential threats to safety and other risks (e. g. , exposure to unclean environments, handling bandages and other medical waste with no protocols for safe disposal, lax patrolling of clinics by security personnel). Awareness of such risks prior to departure was strongly advised: “ensure that you are well aware of the risks that you are taking going overseas to get a medical procedure done. Yeah, it’s [becoming a caregiver-companion] not a decision that should be taken lightly. ”Some participants offered warnings for intended caregiver-companions about exposure to unscrupulous and thus risky business practices, including the wide variations in cost between facilities and destinations: “the end result is these companies [clinics, medical tourism facilitators, etc. ] can take advantage of you too, ‘cause the reality is they still have to make money. ” These warnings were framed around concerns for the safety of both caregiver-companions and medical tourists. Participants noted that industry members may not have considered political instability in the destination, local violence, poor clinical outcomes, and/or unsafe clinic environments as they were motivated by profit. The potential for encountering unreasonable prices was also mentioned as a financial risk: You have to be aware that you are giving people money and they are going to make money, so there are going to be rogues out there.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The detection of gases like methane on exoplanets is often seen as strong evidence of life. [SEP] Text: (2022), instrumental noise was not simulated, but we required a conservatively high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 7 integrated over the full wavelength range for detection to account for unconsidered instrumental noise. This corresponds to a 5σ detection in a scenario in which photon noise dominates instrumental noise by a factor of 2. For each star in the stellar sample, we then computed the amount of time that it takes to detect each of the planets simulated around it. The integration time was then assigned to the different stars in the order of decreasing efficiency, where the most efficient observation is the one that detects the largest number of planets per integration time. By focusing on only a subset of the simulated planets, this enables constructing a single-visit observing sequence that maximizes the expected yield of Earth-like exoplanets in the HZ of their host stars, similar to the altruistic yield optimization routine in Stark et al. (2014a). By averaging over 1000 synthetic planet populations, we marginalized over different numbers and properties of simulated planets, orbital realizations, and exozodiacal dust levels. Re-visits to make use of the orbital motion of the planets and detect those that might have been too close to their host star to be resolved in the first visit were not simulated, but could further increase the estimated planet yield beyond the predictions in this work (see Sect. 4. 2). The individual steps of our simulations are outlined in the following sections. 2. 1 Stellar sample We used the same stellar sample as Quanz et al. (2022) as host stars for the synthetic planet populations. This sample consists of single and wide binary main-sequence stars within 20 pc from the Sun. The main focus of this work is the sample of Sunlike stars, defined as stars with an effective temperature between 4800 and 6300 K (roughly corresponding to main-sequence stars with spectral types between K3V and F7V) according to Bryson et al. (2021), but for better comparison with the yield estimates presented in Quanz et al. (2022), we also considered the sample of all FGK-type stars with effective temperatures between 3940 and 7220 K (of which Sun-like stars are a subsample). These samples consist of 154 Sun-like and 358 FGK-type stars, of which 141 and 316 are single stars, and the remaining 13 and 42 are wide binary stars, respectively.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Excessive sugar consumption is linked to a higher risk of metabolic diseases. [SEP] Text: Dietary sugars and cardiometabolic risk: Systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of the effects on blood pressure and lipids. 2014; 100(1): 65-79. [ [PMID: 24808490] [58] Consuming fructose-sweetened, not glucose-sweetened, beverages increases visceral adiposity and lipids and decreases insulin sensitivity in overweight/obese humans. J 2009; 119(5): 1322-34. [ [PMID: 19381015] [59]. Glycemic load, glycemic index, and carbohydrate intake in relation to risk of cholecystectomy in women. Gastroenterology 2005; 129(1): 105-12. [ [PMID: 16012940] [60] Becerra-Tomás N, Paz-Graniel I, Tresserra-Rimbau A, et al. Fruit consumption and cardiometabolic risk in the -plus study: A cross-sectional analysis. 2021; 31(6): 1702-13. [ [PMID: 33838995] [61]. Fructose metabolism in humans - what isotopic tracer studies tell us. (Lond) 2012; 9(1): 89. [ [PMID: 23031075] [62] Tappy L, Lê KA. Metabolic effects of fructose and the worldwide increase in obesity. 2010; 90(1): 23-46. [ [PMID: 20086073] [63] Association between dietary patterns and plasma biomarkers of obesity and cardiovascular disease risk. 2001; 73(1): 61-7. [ [PMID: 11124751] [64]. Diet soda intake and risk of incident metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes in the Multi-of Atherosclerosis (MESA). 2009; 32(4): 688-94. [ [PMID: 19151203] [65] Contribution of minimally processed and ultra-processed foods to the cardiometabolic risk of Brazilian young adults: A cross-sectional study. 2021; 38(2): 328-36. [PMID: 33586992] [66]. Erratum: Consumption of whole grains and cereal fiber and total and cause-specific mortality: Prospective analysis of 367,442 individuals. BMC Med 2015; 13: 85.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: No health risks are involved for tourists traveling to space. [SEP] Text: So you really have to do whatever you can to keep your knowledge of where you’re going and what you’re going to do and don’t go giving money unless you’re absolutely sure of what you’re getting. Medically necessary care in Canada was provided with no cost at the point of service (i. e. , it is covered through taxation), and so the participants we spoke with were not accustomed to paying directly for surgeries. Engaging in medical tourism therefore added a layer of financial risk to the existing medical risks associated with surgery abroad. In keeping with what was reported in the previous section, participants advised that caregiver-companions should have become aware of the potential for financial burden and have been prepared to make quick, yet financially significant, unexpected decisions while abroad. Anticipate the medical Tourist’s care needsParticipants advised that prospective caregiver-companions should have anticipated the care needs of the medical tourist before arriving at the clinic abroad, minimizing the stress involved in providing care and guarding against caregiver burden. Participants who did not adequately do this reported feeling unprepared at times for what was expected of them. It was specifically recommended that intended caregiver-companions should have: (1) been familiar with the medical tourist’s health status, and (2) considered the comfort and emotional support they would need to provide while abroad. Becoming familiar with the medical tourist’s health status before departure and while abroad was important because it was reported that clinic staff often asked caregiver-companions to report on symptom changes, pain levels, and overall improvement. With regard to anticipating the comfort and emotional support needs of medical tourists, participants suggested that intended caregiver-companions may have been able to do things in advance to prepare for this aspect of the caregiving experience. For example, they could have arranged to stay in touch with family at home or have brought a favourite snack or DVD of a beloved television series. Participants were often quick to mention that from their experiences and observations of others abroad, medical tourists’ care needs were individualized and varied from person to person. Many participants tempered their discussions of this aspect of advice with comments such as: “It [care needs] would depend on how far developed their condition is” or “what level of disability they have.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The detection of gases like methane on exoplanets is often seen as strong evidence of life. [SEP] Text: The distance, mass, radius, and effective temperature distribution of both samples is shown in Fig. 1. We note that α and B are not included in these samples. Fig. 2Fractional planet occurrence rate as a function of the host star effective temperature for the median model parameters of the model 1 hab2 stars low bound with uncertainty (hab2min) case from Table 1 of Bryson et al. (2021). We note that the average value of this function over Teff from 3900 to 6300 K is one. 2. 2 Planet population To generate the synthetic exoplanet populations, we used the publicly available planet population synthesis tool P-pop (Kammerer & Quanz 2018) with recent occurrence rate estimates for rocky planets from Bryson et al. (2021), which are based on the Kepler DR25 planet candidate catalog (Thompson et al. 2018) and Gaia-based stellar properties (2018). Here, we consider two cases: the model 1 hab2 stars low bound (hab2min) and the model 1 hab2 stars high bound (hab2max), both with uncertainty, from Table 1 of Bryson et al. (2021). The low and high bounds refer to different extrapolation scenarios for orbital periods beyond 500 days, for which data supporting completeness characterization are not available in Kepler DR25 (Thompson et al. 2018). A conservative extrapolation is given by the low-bound scenario, in which completeness for orbital periods beyond 500 days is set to the completeness at 500 days, whereas an optimistic extrapolation is given by the high-bound scenario, in which completeness beyond 500 days is set to zero. Moreover, we decided to consider the hab2 stars sample because it is based on a larger number of planet candidates and on a wider range of stellar effective temperatures. This sample contains 68 885 stars with effective temperatures ranging from 3900 to 6300 K. Bryson et al. (2021) removed poorly characterized, binary, evolved stars, and stars whose observations were not well suited for long-period transit searches from the sample, as outlined in Sect. 3. 1 of their paper. The majority of the 68 885 remaining stars in the sample has radii smaller than 1. 35 R⊙, as recommended by Burke & Catanzarite (2017), but instead of a radius cut, Bryson et al.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Excessive sugar consumption is linked to a higher risk of metabolic diseases. [SEP] Text: 2020; 21(1): 17-33. [ [PMID: 31808043] [77] -. Associations between fasting duration, timing of first and last meal, and cardiometabolic endpoints in the national health and nutrition examination survey. Nutrients 2021; 13(8): 2686. [ [PMID: 34444846] & :Pattern among Individuals: A Volume: 19 Issue: 1 Author(s): Chiang, Azrina Azlan*Barakatun-Yusof Affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and : Noncommunicable diseases, cardiometabolic risk factors, metabolic syndrome, dietary sugar, sugar-sweetened beverages, adult. Abstract: Background: The global prevalence of noncommunicable diseases has risen rapidly over the past decade. Research has focused on dietary management, particularly dietary sugar, to prevent and treat noncommunicable diseases. Objective: This study undertakes a scoping review of research on the impacts of dietary sugar on cardiometabolic related health outcomes. Methods: Ovid Medline, Scopus and Web of collection databases were used to identify papers published from January 1, 2010 onwards. The included studies had to be cross-sectional or cohort studies, peered review, published in English and in adults, aged 18 years old and above. 10. 2174/1573399818666220324095435 DOI Print ISSN1573-3998 1875-6417 this journal Call for Papers in Submission closes on : 05 November, 2024 Wound Healing: Mechanisms and recent years, diabetic wounds have become a global health concern with an increase in the incidence of diabetes. Diabetic wounds are a kind of chronic and refractory ulcer. It is generally due to microcirculatory disturbances and reduced levels of endogenous growth factors. Delayed cutaneous wound healing is a chronic. . . read more Guest Editor(s): Dr. Submission closes on : 30 November, 2024 Oxidative and in the Development of Complications Diabetes, along with its associated secondary complications, represents a significant global health challenge, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Unhealthy lifestyle habits, reduced physical activity, environmental pollutants, and stress are pivotal factors in the onset of diabetes, particularly type-2 diabetes. Poorly managed hyperglycemia can lead to various complications, including neuropathy,. . . read more Guest Editor(s): Dr. Kota V.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: No health risks are involved for tourists traveling to space. [SEP] Text: ” Thus, no standard advice was offered with regard to anticipating care needs or determining whether or not they were met. Further, participants noted that caregiver-companions’ roles could be very hands-on and emotionally involved, and that this too should have been anticipated. As one participant explained, caregiver-companions need to be “comfortable with this person [medical tourist] because it can be very personal of what [care and support] needs to be done” and that such comfort was important in order to have provided compassionate, intimate, and understanding care. Familiarize yourself with important logisticsDrawing on their own experiences of transnational caregiving, several participants advised that caregiver-companions needed to become familiar with travel logistics and anticipated recovery timelines. They advised prospective caregivers to be informed about logistical matters such as arranging flights, ground transportation, and hotel bookings. Doing so enabled smooth transitions between locations and addressing necessary schedule changes should surgical recovery have happened faster or slower than anticipated. One participant explained that caregiver-companions “have a big role to play in taking care of a lot of the practical details if you do your homework on it, and you probably can’t do too much of that. ” The same participant suggested that talking to prior medical tourists who had undergone the same procedure in the same facility would have been a useful way to get details about anticipated timelines and logistics. This comment was echoed by several other participants who said that caregiver-companions should have gotten “as much information ahead of time of what’s happening and, you know, the timelines. ” With regard to timelines, participants suggested that caregiver-companions could even have requested information on scheduled appointment times in the clinic in advance of arrival so that they would know what to expect and how appointment schedules may have impacted their own daily routines. Protect your healthWhile most of the advice participants offered was aimed at better supporting medical tourists and taking steps that could indirectly improve caregiver-companions’ health and safety, a few participants noted that it was important for caregiver-companions to take concrete measures that directly protected their own health. However, this was the piece of advice least commonly offered by participants.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The detection of gases like methane on exoplanets is often seen as strong evidence of life. [SEP] Text: (2021) opted for a physically motivated selection based on the evolutionary flag, leaving 6. 8% of stars with radii larger than 1. 35 R⊙ in the sample. They did not apply a transit duration cut at 15 h either, as is done in the Kepler pipeline, because a significant fraction of the stars in the hab2 sample has transit durations of more than 15 h at the outer edge of the optimistic HZ. However, they noted that longer transit durations either have a small impact on the detection completeness or decrease it so that their impact falls within the considered low- and high-bound cases. We focused on model 1 because it has more parameters to trace the dependence of the planet occurrence rate on the stellar effective temperature. This dependence is illustrated for the hab2min case in Fig. 2. et al. (2021) mentioned that the dependence of the planet occurrence rate on the spectral type is not statistically significant and thus only a tentative detection, we are aware that including this spectral-type dependence in our simulations may introduce biases in our results. However, because the planet occurrence rate is assumed to be increasing with increasing stellar effective temperature while the number of stars in our stellar sample is decreasing with increasing stellar effective temperature, our simulations should still be on the conservative side. The two considered cases also account for the uncertainties in the planet candidate radius, instellation flux (i. e. , host star flux incident on the planet), and host star effective temperature and are described by the planet distribution model, (1) where N is the average number of planets per star, Rp is the planet radius, Fp is the planet instellation flux, T = Teff/T⊙ with Teff the host star effective temperature and T⊙ = 5778 K the effective temperature of the Sun, and (2) We note that N0, α, β, and γ are the model parameters from Table 1 of Bryson et al. (2021), and C was chosen so that (3) if averaged over Teff from 3900 to 6300 K, where R⊕ is the radius of the Earth and F⊕ is the instellation flux received by the Earth. This means that the planet occurrence rate integrated over Rp from 0. 5 to 2. 5 R⊕ and Fp from 0. 2 to 2.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Excessive sugar consumption is linked to a higher risk of metabolic diseases. [SEP] Text: of Endocrine and > Vol. 12 No. 8, August 2022 Sugar Shenanigans: Curbing the Epidemic in Children and Adolescents () Amy Krazl, School of Nursing and. DOI: 10. 4236/ojemd. 2022. 128014 138 Downloads 1,067 Views 13. Data was gathered from pre- and post-tests and “Questionnaire” surveys for both participants and parents/guardians of the participants. Data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistics. Results: A total of 54 participants met the criteria to be surveyed. Scores displayed an overall mean improvement from 9. 89 average correct pretest answers to 12. 52 correct posttest answers. Based on a 36-hour dietary recall, participants consumed more fruit and vegetables one-month post-presentation compared to the numbers reported prior to the presentation. According to the “Questionnaire” 61% of participants reported a positive or healthy change in their eating habits, and 48% reported being fed healthier foods following the program. Conclusions: An educational program to increase knowledge and promote reduction of the excessive consumption of sugar by participants and their parents/guardians resulted in improved understanding and a change in dietary habits. and Cite: Krazl, A. and Mailow, T. (2022) Sugar Shenanigans: Curbing the Epidemic in Children and Adolescents. of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, 12, 184-195. doi: 10. 4236/ojemd. 2022. 128014. 1. consumption of added sugar is one of the most influential and troubling realities concerning diet today. The average daily sugar intake of a child is more than triple the amount recommended by the Association [1]. Short- and long-term health problems related to excess sugar consumption, including obesity, cardiovascular disease, among many others, affect the functionality and success of both the current and future generations [2]. An educational program, entitled “Sugar Shenanigans” was delivered in effort to achieve the aim of this study: educate and empower the child and adolescent population to increase knowledge and improve dietary practices. (AHA) strongly recommends that children ages 2 to 18 consume less than six teaspoons (<25 grams) of added sugar per day [3].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: No health risks are involved for tourists traveling to space. [SEP] Text: For example, it was advised that caregiver-companions should have guarded against the physical demands of caregiving by avoiding activities that were overly strenuous while abroad, or planned ahead for such physical strain by becoming familiar with properly performing assistive lifts. Several noted the physical toll that lifting someone with a mobility impairment had in their own experience, particularly in unfamiliar settings such as hotel rooms and/or airplanes. Thus, they drew on their own caregiving experiences in suggesting that prospective caregivers needed to be aware of the physical demands of caregiving. A few others highlighted the need for caregiver-companions to become informed about travel medicine and undertake necessary precautions to protect their health in this regard: “I think that the most important thing is probably that you have your shots before you go and that the doctors, the GPs [general practitioners] will tell you that, any travel people will tell you that. ” That said, only a few participants discussed actually having undertaken the recommended travel medicine precautions.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The detection of gases like methane on exoplanets is often seen as strong evidence of life. [SEP] Text: 2 F⊕ for a given host star with effective temperature Teff is given by (4) where (5) is the inverse of the average of the host star effective temperature-dependent part of Eq. (1). Hence, for each star in our sample, we drew a random number of planets from a Poisson distribution with mean and randomly distribute the planet radius and instellation flux according to Eq. (1) by feeding uniformly distributed random numbers between 0 and 1 into the normalized inverse cumulative distribution functions of the planet radius- and instellation flux-dependent parts of Eq. (1). Then, we repeated this step 1000 times to simulate 1000 synthetic planet populations. We marginalized over the uncertainties in the model parameters N0, α, β, and γ by drawing a random set of parameters for each of the 1000 synthetic planet populations from the Markov-chain (MCMC) posteriors of Bryson et al. (2021) (obtained via private communication). This approach enables reflecting the uncertainties in the underlying planet distribution in our final yield estimates. The uncertainties introduced by drawing from a Poisson distribution are given by and are negligible compared to those in the underlying planet distribution. Based on results from Kraus et al. (2016), we scaled the planet occurrence rate around close binary stars with separations < 50 au to 30% of the nominal rate around single stars. Unlike in Quanz et al. (2022), we did not apply a multiplanet system stability criterion to ensure that a randomly drawn planetary system is stable. The reason for this choice is that if a high value () is drawn for N0 from the MCMC posterior of Bryson et al. (2021), it takes too long to randomly draw a stable multiplanet system (because a very dense and regular orbital period and planet mass spacing would be required). Moreover, redrawing multiplanet systems until they happen to be stable leads to deviations of the simulated from the desired planet radius and instellation flux distributions and biases these distributions toward smaller planets and more widely spaced orbits. Part of this problem might also be the tail of high planet occurrence rates in the MCMC posterior distribution itself, which could predict too many planets within a given orbital period range for a system to be stable. This might be the case because Bryson et al. (2021) did not perform a system stability analysis when they derived their planet occurrence rates.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Excessive sugar consumption is linked to a higher risk of metabolic diseases. [SEP] Text: Added sugar is defined as “all sugars used as ingredients in processed and prepared foods, and sugars eaten separately or added to foods at the table” [4]. of Agriculture (USDA) 2020-2025 state that “most Americans have less than eight percent of calories available for added sugars” [5]. In contrast, children are found to consume on average more than 81 grams of sugar per day [6], approximately 19 teaspoons per day. The most prominent sources of childhood sugar consumption include intake of drinks and desserts/snacks [4]. There is strong evidence that the effects of added sugar are overwhelmingly negative. Added sugar contributes zero nutrients to the body [7], and these “empty” calories do not simply disappear. The direct risk of obesity associated with increased sugar consumption is evident [2]. Increased insulin resistance, caused by a pattern of excessive sugar consumption, contributes to excessive weight gain and is found to contribute to diagnosis of diabetes [8]. Excess insulin may also lead to leptin resistance, which causes sluggishness and overeating due to decreased feelings of fullness [1]. Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) specifically are on the radar of sugar researchers to be a significant root cause of obesity [9]. Data also shows that the excess of added sugar not only promotes low quality calorie intake and higher weight, it may put one at higher risk for other diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cognitive problems (i. e. , dementia, Alzheimer’s), various forms of cancers, and others [2]. Additional risks may include high blood pressure, cholesterol, high triglyceride levels, kidney disease, liver disease and sensory nerve, retina and muscle damage [2]. Due to an overwhelming large number of calories consumed by sugar, children are more at risk for nutritional deficits in other areas. Included in these insufficiencies are iron deficiency, decreased bone health [10], dental caries [10], thyroid and hormone imbalances [11]. In addition to other nutritional deficiencies, children are at risk for addiction to sugar, as it has been studied that “sugar causes changes in peoples’ brains similar to those in people addicted to drugs such as cocaine and alcohol” [1]. This is in stark contrast to the outcome of eating a balanced diet, where the brain releases a consistent amount of dopamine each time foods are eaten [12]. There are many strategies to curb the childhood sugar intake today.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: No health risks are involved for tourists traveling to space. [SEP] Text: 8% for chlamydia (Gratrix, Payne, et al. , 2019). Federal correctional guidelines dictate that incarcerated people should be offered voluntary screening and risk-based testing for STDs (sic) on admission (of Canada, 2019). Nonetheless, it is likely that a lack of comprehensive STBBI testing in both federal and provincial corrections contributes to high rates of infectious disease transmission. Other factors include a lack of timely follow-up and contact notification for positive results, information and data platforms that are separate from provincial health databases, and insufficient communication between correctional facilities and community healthcare settings during arrest, incarceration, or release. For example, federal reintegration programs address issues such as housing, education and social programs, but do not explicitly address the handover of public health interventions (of Canada, 2019). Crowding in limited shared space facilitates contact between incarcerated people, creating opportunities for high risk sexual behaviours or needle sharing. Delays in medical care due to security procedures can further increase transmission of infections within incarceration facilities (Flanigan & Beckwith, 2011). Interruption of medical care during admission and on release can also have deleterious effects on infectious disease treatment. However, there are successful examples of STBBI health care provision in international correctional facilities, even those that are overcrowded and have frequent movement in and out of facilities. Flanigan et al. describe a collaboration between incarceration facilities and Brown University’s School to offer opt-out HIV testing on admission; rapid testing within the facility; clinical services after diagnosis; and a facilitated release program in which medical care providers, social and outreach workers act as a case management team to ensure consistency of medical care and linkage to community-based services (Flanigan et al. , 2009). Harm reduction services in Canadian correctional facilitiesMobility in and out of incarceration can also expose justice-involved women to risks arising from substance use or sex that take place in facilities. Substance use is prevalent in Canadian corrections, despite efforts to prevent use and reduce availability of illicit drugs (of Canada, 2019; of Canada, 2018). Harm reduction policies and practices for substance use vary in Canadian provincial, territorial, and federal facilities, despite evidence supporting the value of such programs (Glauser, 2013). Correctional legislation and policies often have a zero tolerance approach to drug possession, and possession of needles, outside of certain circumstances (Office of the Correctional Investigator, 2019).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The detection of gases like methane on exoplanets is often seen as strong evidence of life. [SEP] Text: While we end up with a significant fraction of unstable multiplanet systems, it is important to note that the stability of the systems is completely irrelevant for our yield estimates because LIFEsim treats each individual planet as a separate observation and we did not consider revisits, on which the orbital motion of multiplanet systems would have an impact. Instead, it is only relevant that we simulate a planet population whose combined planet radius and instellation flux distributions match those predicted by Bryson et al. (2021). After the synthetic planets were generated, we assigned them randomly oriented (but coplanar within a system) circular orbits and uniformly distributed Bond and geometric albedos between 0 and 0. 8 (mean 0. 4) and 0 and 0. 1 (mean 0. 05), respectively. We note that we assumed the wavelength-dependent geometric albedo to be constant over the entire LIFE wavelength regime, but because we considered wavelengths longer than 3 µm, the reflected host star light (and therefore the geometric albedo) is negligible compared to the thermal emission, at least for the small and mature planets that are of interest here. All planets were considered to emit like blackbodies with a radius Rp and an effective temperature Tp that depends on the luminosity of their host star, their Bond albedo, and their orbital separation, similar as in Kammerer & Quanz (2018). Moreover, to account for the photon noise from exozodiacal light, we assigned each planetary system a randomly drawn zodi level according to either the nominal (median of ~3 zodi) or the pessimistic (median of ~12 zodi) exozodi level distributions from the HOSTS survey (Ertel et al. 2018, 2020). Table 1Definition of the three types of exoplanets with their occurrence rate considered in this work: rocky planets within the opt HZ, rocky planets within the con HZ, and exo-Earth candidates (ECCs). 2. 3 Habitable zones The HZ is commonly defined as the region around a star in which liquid surface water can exist on a rocky planet that has an atmospheric composition and climate stability feedback similar to our own Earth (Huang 1959; Hart 1978; Kasting et al. 1993; Kasting & Catling 2003). Previous works (2019; Gaudi et al. 2020; Quanz et al.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Excessive sugar consumption is linked to a higher risk of metabolic diseases. [SEP] Text: A total of 34 responses to the “Level Questionnaire” were acquired. 94. 1% of parents reported that their child mentioned “Sugar Shenanigans” at least once. 67. 6% of children were said to have brought up the program more than one time. 28 of the 34 stated their children had a fairly positive or extremely positive reaction to the presentation, and there were 0 negative reactions reported. Over half of the children expressed interest in changing their unhealthy eating habits to their parents. 50% of the parents reported that their child voluntarily ate less added sugar, ate less “junk foods” or requested more fruits and/or vegetables. Most parents also encouraged these diet changes, documented by 70. 6%. One third of parents/guardians stated to have improved their own diet Table 3. 36-Hour dietary recall by participants. as well (consumed less added sugars, less “junk food” or more fruits and/or vegetables). 94. 11% reported no development of excessive concern about weight or diet due to the program. 100% of respondents agreed that children should be educated about the benefits of healthy eating and the dangers of added sugar consumption. 4. the investigative portion of this study, it was found that excess sugar consumption is both a current problem and a dangerous reality. There are far too many in the U. S. population unaware of the high levels of sugar they ingest and the subsequent health effects. The goal of this study was to not only assess the baseline knowledge regarding sugar consumption and health effects in children and to educate in an interactive way in order to bring about health changes. It was determined with evidence-based research that an educational program in schools would provide an appropriate avenue for information to be delivered. Participants in this study were able to tangibly view the facts through the presentation portion, an activity involving a fictional child’s dietary intake, and in the demonstration of food/drink sugar content. The demonstration revealed how beverages and desserts are indeed the largest contributing factors to added sugar in the diet [4]. Following the “Sugar Shenanigans” presentation, results support the use of verbal and visual education in schools in order to increase awareness and improve diet surrounding the topics of sugar and nutrition. There was a marked increase from pretest to posttest scores, and ANOVA results displayed a statistically significant outcome.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: No health risks are involved for tourists traveling to space. [SEP] Text: Seen as a whole, justice-involved women’s mobility in and out of correctional facilities is a significant driver of STBBI epidemics in Canada. Despite this fact, there are currently no available standards or recommendations for STBBI public health and healthcare in correctional environments in Canada, nor are there guidelines on the handover of public health interventions at incarceration or on release. There is also a lack of regularly collected, publicly available data regarding STBBIs in federal and provincial/territorial correctional facilities, making it more difficult to develop evidence-based interventions and policies. The development of public health interventions that recognize the mobility of justice-involved women– and its deleterious effects – could reduce healthcare inequalities, thereby improving public health and many lives. As others have argued in different contexts, a gender transformative approach to public health for justice-involved women is necessary to address the root causes of health inequities (Bloom, 2005). This involves “address[ing] gender as an element of a social system and structure” (Pederson et al. , 2015, pg. 146), centering justice-involved women’s life experiences, rights, p30. Bloom, B. (2005). Gender responsive strategies : Research, practice, and guiding principles for women offenders. Excellence in Justice Symposium. 11. Y. , Miller, J. , Sandhu, J. , Leon, A. , & Aho, J. (2018). Infectious and congenital syphilis in Canada, 2010–2015. Disease Report, 44(2), 43–48. of = de Sante Publique, 109(3), 353–361. 127. J. , Smyczek, P. , Bertholet, L. , Lee, M. C. , Pyne, D. , Woods, D. , Courtney, K. , & Ahmed, R. (2019). A cross-sectional evaluation of opt-in testing for sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections in three Canadian provincial correctional facilities: A missed opportunity for public health. of Prisoner Health, 15(3), 273–281. Taxman, F. S. , Rhodes, A. G. , O’Connell, D. , … Friedmann, P. D. (2012). Limiting options: Sex ratios, incarceration rates, and sexual risk behavior among people on probation and parole.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The detection of gases like methane on exoplanets is often seen as strong evidence of life. [SEP] Text: 2022) considered an optimistic HZ (opt HZ) based on the so-called early Mars and recent Venus scenarios and a conservative HZ (con HZ) based on the so-called maximum greenhouse and runaway greenhouse scenarios from Kopparapu et al. (2014). These scenarios define two different planet instellation flux ranges for the HZ. We note that both opt HZ limits take the luminosity evolution of the Sun into account, which was fainter during the epochs when Venus and Mars provided habitable conditions. For the present-day solar luminosity, these insolation limits correspond to separations of 0. 75 and 1. 77 au, respectively, excluding Venus from the opt HZ, but including Mars. The planet radius range of the HZ is usually defined as 0. 5 R⊕ ≤ Rp ≤ 1. 5 R⊕. A third case called exo-Earth candidates (EECs) with a planet instellation flux range similar to the con HZ but with a tighter planet radius range has also been considered, however. For this case of EECs, the lower limit of the radius range is given by where ap is the planet semi-major axis in units of au (see Stark et al. 2019), so that planets closer to the star are required to have a larger radius in order to be able to hold on to an atmosphere and be potentially habitable. For better comparability with other works, we adopt the same three definitions of the HZ. They are also described in more detail in Table 1. Proper interpretation of the final yield estimates requires understanding of detection biases introduced by the range of simulated planets that only partially overlap with the HZs. The planet population from Bryson et al. (2021) simulates planet radii between 0. 5 and 2. 5 R⊕ and planet instellation fluxes between 0. 2 and 2. 2 F⊕. It therefore covers the entire con HZ, opt HZ, and the parameter space defined as exo-Earth candidates (see Fig. 3). However, the planet population from Kopparapu et al. (2018) that was used in Quanz et al. (2022) only simulates planet orbital periods between 0. 5 and 500 days.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Excessive sugar consumption is linked to a higher risk of metabolic diseases. [SEP] Text: Children were made more aware of their need for diet intervention when eating too much sugar, and they were empowered with the knowledge to facilitate change. These results were determined by both quantitative analysis and subjective qualitative responses. In addition to positive quantitative responses, the subjectively showed that children had an overall positive and impactful experience. Using all parts of data collected, the majority of children indicated some degree of diet improvement and sugar reduction. Not only did their knowledge improve directly following the presentation, but they retained and implemented what was learned in their daily lives. One seventh grader wrote, “[After the presentation,] I ate more fruits/veggies. I ate better snacks and less candy. ” Multiple children stated they ate fewer sweets. “I don’t eat Ho-Hos anymore” said a third grader. One child wrote, “I check the nutrition facts label before eating something”. Some responses stated that the child stopped drinking soda or generally consumed fewer SSBs. Almost all children reported that they talked with their families about “Sugar Shenanigans”. One stated that she and her family talked about, “How we would do it”. By this, the child meant that they discussed the strategy to be used as a family to implement a better lifestyle. Children reported to have communicated about the correct level of sugar and how the excessive level consumed often goes unnoticed. A child from fourth grade wrote that her family said, “We need to have at least 1 fruit or vegetable in our lunches”. The children also talked about this program with their friends. One fourth grader recorded that he talked with his friends about not drinking apple juice anymore (due to its sugary and refined nature). See supplementary material for additional participant data. Many recounted that, after the presentation, their parents cooked healthier meals and provided more vegetables in meals. A fifth-grade girl reported, “My mom gives me more smoothies with vegetables”. Another direct quotation read, “My parents gave me more fruits and veggies”. There were many quotes similar to this response. One question asked whether or not there were any new types of foods that were eaten or tried in the past month. Many confirmed a positive response. One child said, “Instead of chips, we now eat dried fruits”.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Eco-friendly fashion is always more affordable than traditional fashion. [SEP] Text: friendly design and realization of a bioflax bag bfb by infusion technology Submit manuscript. . . Journal of eISSN: 2574-8114 & Research 576. DOI: 10. 15406/jteft. 2017. 03. 00087 composite BfB bag, based on a commercial green epoxy resin and flax textile, has been designed and realized by using vacuum infusion process. Different polymer matrices, natural textiles and respective composites have been preliminary analyzed, manufactured and experimentally characterized in order to set properly the optimal bag materials. Various geometries and accessories have been selected and examined to ensure easy bag opening and to optimize its design allowing demonstrating the feasibility of a novel eco-friendly hand bag by infusion technology that is a low cost process manufacturing usually adopted for naval and automotive components. Keywords: bioepoxy, flax, composites, infusion resins and respective composites are widely used for several industrial applications, ranging from aeronautical, automotive to civil architecture and sportive goods providing many advantages over traditional reinforcing materials such as light weight coupled with high mechanical properties, resistance to aggressive chemical agents and impermeability to water. 1-3 Other important characteristics of composites include: unlimited capability to be molded and perfect adaptability to the original shape of the structural element that need to be reinforced; non invasive installation, low tooling and machinery costs, possibility to repair the structure without interrupting its utilization by users. More recently, the development and the adoption of reinforced biocomposites based on natural fibers (flax, jute, hemp, and cotton) have been gained significant research interest due the growing ecological consciousness and new specific legislative requirements regarding environmental protection and recycling of materials. 4-5 These materials, in fact, come from renewable sources, are easily recoverable or degradable for end use. Natural fibre-reinforced biocomposites have been especially used for applications where not structural characteristics are required. 6 Natural fibers compared to traditional synthetic fibers, such as carbon or glass, have many advantages: lower costs, easily accessible and abundant in nature, low chemical risk for operators, biodegradable and biocompatible, recyclable with various matrices, density less than or equal to synthetic fibers, source of income for agricultural producers. The main advantage of natural fibers is related to the low energy required for their production.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The detection of gases like methane on exoplanets is often seen as strong evidence of life. [SEP] Text: When this is converted into planet instellation flux for the stars in the FGK-type sample, it does not cover a significant part of the HZ around earlier-type stars (see the opt HZ and con HZ regions that do not overlap with the Q21 region in Fig. 3). This needs to be kept in mind when yield estimates from this work are compared to those in Quanz et al. (2022). Fig. 3HZs considered in this work in the planet instellation flux vs. host star effective temperature plane. The region with dashed black edge shows the parameter space in which planets are simulated in this work using the Bryson et al. (2021) planet occurrence rates. The region with solid black and shaded edge shows the parameter space in which planets are simulated in Quanz et al. (2022). The black symbols highlight the positions of the Earth, Mars, and Venus in this figure, and the dashed red region shows the parameters space of Sun-like stars according to Bryson etal. (2021). Table 2Mission parameters adopted for the space-based nulling interferometer. 2. 4 Mission parameters The mission parameters adopted for the space-based nulling interferometer are the same as in Quanz et al. (2022) and can be found in Table 2. The array architecture is based on Cockell et al. (2009) and consists of four free-flying collector spacecraft that send their light to a fifth beam-combiner spacecraft. For the collector spacecraft mirror diameter and the wavelength coverage, we considered three different scenarios (pessimistic, reference, and optimistic). In the remainder of this work, these three scenarios are only referred to with their corresponding mirror diameters (1, 2, and 3. 5 m), and the corresponding wavelength regimes are adopted implicitly. We note that in addition to the mirror diameter, the total throughput (here assumed to be 5%) also has a strong impact on the final yield estimates. While 5% is a rather conservative choice (the (LBTI) currently achieves a total throughput of ~11% at 11 µ m; Quanz et al. 2022), the dependence of the predicted planet yield on the total throughput and also the mirror diameter are more closely investigated in Sect. 4. 1.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Excessive sugar consumption is linked to a higher risk of metabolic diseases. [SEP] Text: Further research should include more resources on how to tangibly correct unhealthy habits and implement healthy eating. Children, especially those that are young, are not able to make many dietary changes without the help of their parents. The researcher should consider ways to better enact this change in the future. An overall increase in research must be done regarding the harmful and negative effects on sugar. Although there is a solid base of knowledge in the present day, more should be done on the impending side effects of overconsumption of sugar. 5. has been found to be an empty source of nutrition that threatens the health of children. It was evident from this study that an educational program was effective in increasing the knowledge of children about the danger and consumption of sugar. The posttest results, along with the child and parental impact level questionnaires, show evidence of increased knowledge and a sustained, improved diet. Because overall data was proven to be effective and statistically significant, this educational program can be used in future educational programs. Similar studies should be performed in order to educate a broader population. This will allow more children to be instructed regarding this topic, leading to betterment of general health, increased longevity and improved quality of life. paper would not have been possible without the generous support and guidance of my mentor, Dr. Tonia Mailow. Her voice of reason and expertise has kept me on course for the publication of this paper. This research was partially supported by the of Nursing and Health Professions. Special thanks to Dr. and Dr. from the who contributed greatly to the revisal and approval of this paper. We are grateful to all of the staff at School for encouraging participation in this project. Conflicts of authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper. 2025. 9th Edition, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. [6] Association (2018) Added Sugars. [7] U. S. Department of Agriculture and U. S. Department of Health and (2016) for Americans, 2015-2020—on Added Sugars. 8th Edition. [8] Welsh, J. A. , Sharma, A. , Cunningham, S. A. and Vos, M. B. (2011) Consumption of and Indicators of Risk among US Adolescents. Circulation, 123, 249-257. [9] Hu, F. B.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Eco-friendly fashion alone can eliminate the environmental impact of the fashion industry. [SEP] Text: Skip to main content in a journal Publish with us Track your research Developments in Eco-34. 9910 units per month Download 29. 95 Price excludes VAT (USA) Available as PDF Read on any device Instant download Own it forever Buy 84. 99 Price excludes VAT (USA) Available as EPUB and PDF Read on any device Instant download Own it forever Buy e109. 99 Price excludes VAT (USA) Compact, lightweight edition Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days Free shipping worldwide - see info 109. 99 Price excludes VAT (USA) Durable hardcover edition Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days Free shipping worldwide - see info calculation will be finalised at checkout Purchases are for personal use only Institutional subscriptions Similar content being viewed by others Innovation for a Industry: A the Development of Models 505. 105. 2017. Cleff, T. , & Rennings, K. (1999a). Determinants of environmental product and process innovation. European Environment, 9(5), 191–201. 2017. Dahlsrud, A. (2006). How corporate social responsibility is defined: An analysis of 37 definitions. Responsibility and Environmental Management, 15(1), 1–13. 50. 87. 63. 2. Accessed 27 Mar 2017. Fashion United. (2016). Global fashion industry statistics – International apparel. Accessed 3 Nov 2017. Freeman, E. R. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Cambridge: Press. 4749. Accessed 3 Nov 2017. Hill, N. , Walker, H. , Beevor, J. , & James, K. (2012). Conversion factors for company reporting: methodology paper for emission factors. 6 July 2012. Accessed 3 Nov 2017. Houtum, P. V. (2015). MVO en het MKB: Een praktijkvoorbeeld. Accessed 3 Nov 2017. ILO. (2009). Guidelines on occupational safety and health management systems. Accessed 3 Nov 2017. ILO. (2017). Tripartite declaration of principles concerning multinational enterprises and social policy. Accessed 3 Nov 2017. for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. (1980). World conservation strategy – Living resource conservation for sustainable development. Accessed 3 Nov 2017. ISO. (2017). ISO 26000 – Social responsibility. Accessed 3 Nov 2017. Jonker, J.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The detection of gases like methane on exoplanets is often seen as strong evidence of life. [SEP] Text: Because LIFEsim does not yet account for instrumental noise, we require a conservatively high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 7 for detection. The duration of the search phase was set to 2. 5 yr, and the remaining 2. 5 yr of a nominal 5-yr mission could be spent on in-depth spectral characterization of the most promising targets. The slew time was set to a constant value of 10 h to simulate a penalty for switching targets, and the relative observing overheads were assumed to be 20%. While we used LIFEsim to compute an individually optimized observing sequence that maximizes the yield of HZ planets for each of the considered scenarios, we visited each system only once. We note that to determine the orbits of any detected planets and to reject false positives, multiple visits will eventually be required in advance of an in-depth characterization phase. 3 we studied the yield estimates, we performed a quick sanity check by comparing the average number of planets per star in our synthetic planet populations to those reported in Bryson et al. (2021). For our two synthetic planet populations (hab2min and hab2max) around Sun-like stars, we find an average number of planets per star with Rp ∈ [0. 5, 1. 5] R⊕ and Fp ∈ [0. 2,2. 2] F⊕ of and respectively, of which and reside within the con HZ and and reside within the opt HZ (in parentheses are the numbers from Bryson et al. (2021) for comparison). The small differences between our and their numbers arise because our stellar sample is different (the planet occurrence rate depends on the effective temperature of the host star) and because of the statistical nature of our simulations. 3. 1 Planet yield of Sun-like stars One of the scientific goals that was formulated for the LIFE mission is that at least 30 (requirement)/50 (goal) extrasolar planets with radii between 0. 5 and 1. 5 Earth radii are to be investigated. They should receive between 0. 35 and 1. 7 times the instellation flux of the Earth in order to assess their habitability and search their atmospheres for biosignatures (Quanz et al. 2021). We call these planets the potentially habitable planets here. As outlined in Sect. 2.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Excessive sugar consumption is linked to a higher risk of metabolic diseases. [SEP] Text: (2013) Resolved: Evidence that Decreasing Sugar-Consumption will Reduce the Prevalence of Obesity and Obesity-Related Diseases. Obesity Reviews: Journal of the for the Study of Obesity, 14, 606-619. [10] for Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Adolescent and (2011) Guidelines to Eating and Physical Activity. Morbidity and Report: Recommendations and Reports, 60, 1-76. [11] Ruscio, M. (2014) Insulin, and Thyroid-of #1. Dr. Ruscio Blog, [12] Avena, N. (2014) Affects the Brain (Video). TedTalks. [13] SugarScience—Truth (2012) Infographic. of Francisco. [14] Hamulka, J. , Wadolowska, L. , Hoffmann, M. , Kowalkowska, J. and Gutkowska, K. (2018) Effect of an on Nutrition Knowledge, Attitudes toward Nutrition, Diet Quality, Lifestyle, and in Polish Teenagers. The ABC of Project: Design, Protocol, and Methodology. Nutrients, 10, 1439. [15] Chaudhary, A. , Sudzina, F. and Mikkelsen, B. E. (2020) Eating among Young People-A Review of the Evidence of the Impact of School-Based Interventions. Nutrients, 12, 2894. [16] Dung, B. C. and McDaniel, M. A. (2015) during Lecture Note-Outlines and Illustrative Diagrams. Jounral of in Memory and Cognition, 4, 129-135.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Eco-friendly fashion alone can eliminate the environmental impact of the fashion industry. [SEP] Text: Sustainability is trending. It is a hot topic that consists of many definitions. In what way should you describe sustainability best with regards to businesses? 5. Why should fashion companies care about sustainability and what would they get out of it if they consider sustainability to be important? 6. What are the risks for companies to do business on a sustainable basis? (How do you experience this within your own company? ) 7. What are the opportunities for companies to do business on a sustainable basis? (How do you experience this within your own company? ) 8. What are the challenges to incorporating sustainability within the company? (How do you experience this within your own company? ) 12. 1. 2. 3 Transparency 9. As you may know, Fashion for Good has developed a sewing robot that makes it possible to produce clothes closer to the consumer. This technology makes the production of clothing cheaper, resulting in a reduction in transportation, supplies and CO2 emissions. In what way do you think this will affect workers in production countries such as Bangladesh? Will there be a future for them after this development/automation? 10. In what way do companies/you control the working conditions in production countries today? 11. How do companies/you build sustainable relationships with producers and suppliers? 12. How do companies/you find the right factories that produce durably? 13. Integrating sustainability means adjusting the business model. What could companies do in terms of sourcing, environmental friendly raw materials, and working conditions? (How and in what way do/did you accomplish this within your own business? ) 14. How important is sustainability for the marketing department? Has it become a way to (successfully) distinguish your company from the competition? 15. Why do companies ‘act’ sustainable only to get a better reputation? 16. Do you believe that these companies will eventually fall because they cannot meet the actual standards? Why? 17. Why do you think there is, in terms of sustainability, such a big ‘gap’ in what companies claim they do and what they actually do? 18. If you had to advise organizations with regard to launching a sustainable fashion brand, what would you recommend? 12. 1. 2. 4 19. In recent years, the concept of a ‘circular economy’ has risen exponentially. Do you think this is a term trend, or do you really think it is the future? Why? 20.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The detection of gases like methane on exoplanets is often seen as strong evidence of life. [SEP] Text: 3, we consider three different definitions of a potentially habitable planet: (1) a planet within the opt HZ, (2) a planet within the con HZ, and (3) an exo-Earth candidate. Table A. 1 shows the total predicted yield including uncertainties for the three different potentially habitable planet types mentioned above, as well as for all simulated planets (i. e. , 0. 5 R⊕ ≤ Rp ≤ 2. 5 R⊕ and 0. 2 F⊕ ≤ Fp ≤ 2. 2 F⊕) for the sample of Sun-like stars (4800 K ≤ Teff ≤ 6300 K). We note that for the remainder of this paper, “total predicted yield” means the median number of detectable planets over the 1000 simulated synthetic universes, and the uncertainties reflect the 16th and 84th percentiles of this distribution. In total, we present 24 different scenarios that are based on two different extrapolation models for the planet occurrence rate (hab2min and hab2max), two different exozodiacal dust level distributions (with a median of 3 and 12 zodi), two different optimization schemes for the interferometric baseline length (center of the opt HZ and center of the con HZ), and three different mirror diameters (1, 2, and 3. 5 m; we note that the wavelength regime is adapted implicitly, see Sect. 2. 4). In all cases, the total instrument throughput was set to 5%. We note that the modulation map of a four-telescope nulling interferometer is a pattern with many transmission minima and maxima (e. g. , Dannert et al. 2022). If the telescopes are free flying, their distances (i. e. , baselines) can be optimized so that the first transmission maximum occurs at the center of the respective HZ for a face-on system. Figure 4 compares the predicted planet yield for several of these scenarios. The main finding is that if LIFE were to only target Sun-like stars, 3. 5 m mirrors are required to detect 30 potentially habitable planets under the assumptions laid out in Table 2, even for the opt HZ. However, the 1σ upper bounds case would even fulfill the mission goal of detecting 50 potentially habitable planets with 3. 5 m mirrors or the mission requirement of detecting 30 potentially habitable planets with 2 m mirrors.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Excessive sugar consumption is linked to a higher risk of metabolic diseases. [SEP] Text: CommentaryReport from a Symposium on Accelerating Policy-against Consumption for the Prevention of Caries and Noncommunicable DiseasesKharbanda, Om P. 1,; Moynihan, Paula2; Priya, Harsh3; Ivaturi, Anupama4; Gupta, Arpit5; Haldane, Desmia6 1Chief, Centre for and Research, Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India 2for Nutrition and 3Assistant Professor, Centre for and Research, Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India 4Senior Resident, Centre for and Research, Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India 56Former SRF, Centre for and Research, Institute of for correspondence: Dr. Om P. Kharbanda, Centre for and Research, Institute of Medical Sciences, - 110 029, India. E-mail: [email protected] A Review on (NCDs) Burden, Its Socio-and the Strategies for Prevention and Control of NCDs in Journal of 62(4):p 305-307, Oct–Dec 2018. | DOI: 10. 4103/ijph. IJPH_314_17 diseases and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) share common risks. Omnipresent and easily available sugars are a contributing risk factor for overweight, obesity, and diabetes. In addition, sugar consumption is known to cause dental caries in early childhood (early childhood caries) and in adults. It has been noticed that the prevalence of NCDs is increasing each year, leading to 70% of deaths. A symposium of diverse academicians was convened to identify the gaps in evidence, policy, and advocacy for action on sugars, emphasizing on its detrimental effects on oral health. Existence of policies on sugars, experiences of other countries, feasibility in India, and the role of public health dentists, public, and stakeholders were discussed. Policy priorities in India and advocacy to strengthen action against inappropriate sugar intake could help address the growing burden of sugar-related NCDs. Recommendations to this end were put forth by the panel of experts. than two-third of the total deaths due to NCDs in the South-Region (SEAR) of the WHO occur in India.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Eco-friendly fashion alone can eliminate the environmental impact of the fashion industry. [SEP] Text: At the end of last year, the Dutch government decided that the Netherlands should be a circular economy by 2050. This means producing with less raw materials and energy, reuse and recycling, and not affecting biodiversity. Do you think that this will continue to be intentional, or will it really work and what is needed? 21. A circular economy means that everyone must cooperate. How do you think we can ever achieve this? 22. Today, we live quite individually. Do you think organizations can also be sceptical? In other words, with regards to transparency, how will companies deal with sharing their own information? (How do you accomplish this? ) 23. Who will and who will not survive? 12. 1. 2. 5 Consumer (Behaviour) 24. Many consumers are willing to invest in fair and environmentally friendly clothes, but in reality, they do this only moderately. What are the obstacles? 25. Is there a way to offer the same prices as non-durable products? Why does this (or not) prove to be difficult? 26. In what way can the marketing department contribute to fulfilling the global intentions? In other words, what can marketers do to influence the behaviour? (Not only the buying behaviour, but the overall behaviour that sustainability is needed). 27. Do you think companies have the responsibility to encourage young people to buy durable clothing items? Why? 28. Do you believe in a future where clothes are leased? Why (not)? Rights and permissionsReprints and permissions Copyright information© 2018 Publishing AG, part of About this 10. 1007/978-3-319-93019-0_12Download citation. RIS. ENW. : 29 September 2018 Publisher Name: : 978-3-319-93018-3 Online ISBN: 978-3-319-93019-0eBook Packages: Economics and FinanceEconomics and Finance (R0)Share this 34. 9910 units per month Download 29. 95 Price excludes VAT (USA) Available as PDF Read on any device Instant download Own it forever Buy 84. 99 Price excludes VAT (USA) Available as EPUB and PDF Read on any device Instant download Own it forever Buy e109. 99 Price excludes VAT (USA) Compact, lightweight edition Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days Free shipping worldwide - see info 109.

Output: contrast