Input: Claim: Gene drives are genetic modifications that ensure a specific trait is passed on to nearly all offspring, increasing its spread in a population. [SEP] Text: The background fluorescence of the green cells at the start of the video (presumably these are E. coli, since they subsequently lyse and Acinetobacter should not be green yet) is about as high as the 'positive' green at the end of the video in Acinetobacter, so the lacI repression doesn't seem very strong. The authors say that at the end the bacteria are red and green, but in the videos I couldn't see any red + green bacteria – the red all looks bleached so the bacteria are only green. How do we know that these are E. coli? Would it be possible to trace the lineage back through the movie (only for a few, as an example) to show that these green Acinetobacter micro colonies really started as red cells, and better still that they were physically located close to an E. coli cell that subsequently lysed? We agree it is unfortunate both that the GFP expression in E. coli is poorly repressed early in the videos, and that the mCherry expression in Acinetobacter becomes bleached later in the movies. We believe both of these phenomena are due to nutrient restriction, which is caused by Acinetobacter sticking to and clogging the channels meant to supply nutrients. Indeed, the stickiness of Acinetobacter makes microfluidic experiments much more challenging than with only lab E. coli strains, and obtaining these videos took many attempts. (Causes of failure, in addition to the usual challenges of microfluidics, included failure to load sufficient numbers of each species in the same trap – Acinetobacter adheres to the glass and PDMS within the traps, while E. coli does not, washout of less-sticky E. coli when the flow rate was raised to reduce clogging by more-sticky Acinetobacter, and insufficient time before clogging. ) We have added additional discussion of cell fluorescence in Supplemental note 1. 3) Section 4. 1 ninth paragraph, they mention adding DNAse to block HGT – where is this data? I couldn't find it. This is a good control.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: The spectator, even more than the reader, is placed at an angle of vision which excludes most of the surrounding space, from where he could survey, and take part in, the dramatic irony of the story. This is indeed a landscape made of fears, fancies and opinions. There is a mystery inherent in these transitions from blindness into sight, heightened by montage (Bordwell), whose dramatic quality and irony would not be lost on Charlie Chaplin. The movie (1931) places the famous comic marionette—the Tramp— in the urban jungle of the city, side by side with a blind girl, a timid flower seller, who is deceived into believing he is a millionaire. 12 Chaplin recalls in his autobiography: In the Keystone days the tramp had been freer and less confined to plot. […] The solution came when I thought of the tramp as a sort of Pierrot. With this conception, I was freer to express and embellish the comedy with touches of sentiment. But logically it was difficult to get a beautiful girl interested in a tramp. This has always been a problem in my films. […] The girl in is blind. In this relationship he is romantic and wonderful to her until her sight is restored. (224) 30Here we find again the Dickensian theme of a blind girl deceived by those who can see, rather than by her sight impairment. (1931)(jpeg, 21k) Image in the public domain 13 Adapted to the screen by Jean Aurenche. The film score was by Georges Auric. At the 1946 (. . . ) 31When the blind girl retrieves her eyesight she has to come to terms with the tramp, with his poverty and his generosity. A few scenes reveal that the final recognition, impossible in visual terms, is achieved owing to the sheer touch of a hand, and the memory of the first touch. Pathos melts into comedy and the happy ending. Another movie based on Gide’s novella is Pastorale—a 1946 French film drama directed by and starring Michèle Morgan and Pierre Blanchar. 13 This is the last—not least—example in a long lineage of young female protagonists, whose blindness, narrated as a vivid landscape of emotions, paves the way for the strong visual potential Dickens had already detected, both during his visit to the States and with his treatment of the theme in on the Heart.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Stem cell research holds potential for regenerating damaged tissues and organs. [SEP] Text: 6. Hegert, C. , J. Kramer, G. Hargus, J. Müller, K. Guan, A. M. Wobus, P. K. Müller, J. Rohwedel (2002) Differentiation plasticity of chondrocytes derived from mouse embryonic stem cells. J 115: 4617–4628. 7. Hu, B. Y. , J. P. Weick, J. (2010) Neural differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells follows developmental principles but with variable potency. 107: 4335–4340. 8. Kaichi, S. , K. Hasegawa, T. Takaya, N. Yokoo, T. Mima, T. Kawamura, T. Morimoto, K. Ono, S. Baba, H. Doi, S. Yamanaka, T. Nakahata, T. Heike (2010) Cell line-dependent differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into cardiomyocytes in mice. 88: 314–323. 9. Kang, L. , J. Wang, Y. Zhang, Z. Kou, S. Gao (2009) iPS cells can support full-term development of tetraploid blastocyst-complemented embryos. Cell 5: 135–138. 10. Kim, K. , A. Doi, B. Wen, K. Ng, R. Zhao, P. Cahan, J. Kim, M. J. Aryee, H. Ji, L. I. Ehrlich, A. Yabuuchi, A. Takeuchi, K. C. Cunniff, H. Hongguang, S. McKinney-Freeman, O. . Jung, J. Seita, J. Hanna, P. Murakami, R. Jaenisch, R. (2010b) Epigenetic memory in induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature 467: 285–290. 11. Kim, E. Y. , K. (2010a) Differences between cellular and molecular profiles of induced pluripotent stem cells generated from mouse embryonic fibroblasts. 12: 627–639. 12. Kim, J. B. , H.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Gene drives are genetic modifications that ensure a specific trait is passed on to nearly all offspring, increasing its spread in a population. [SEP] Text: These ‘hub’ genes, or their regulators, could be hypothesized to provide targets for selection for increased resistance to parasites, in regulating and coordinating a multitude of phenotypic responses. Another aspect of the genetic architecture of a trait is its relation to the genome architecture. The genes in a gene list can be mapped to chromosomal positions to search for chromosomal ‘hotspots’ of differential expression. Transcriptional activity varies for chromosomal domains or regions, and characterizing these patterns may indicate regulatory mechanisms that act on these genes. For example, some chromosomal domains are highly transcribed due to epigenetic mechanisms (e. g. , chromatin architectures) that maintain a high activity state, as is seen for heat-shock genes [31]. Such domains under epigenetic control may be recognized by mapping multiple highly expressed genes, or conversely, a complete lack of expression, in the same chromosomal region. Such genomic domains may evolve at a different rate. For instance, the regions around heat-shock genes are more susceptible to insertion by (i. e. , mobile DNA sequences that can translocate themselves within the genome) due to their chromatin architecture, which may lead to a faster accumulation of mutations [32]. Furthermore, some chromosomal domains are highly transcribed in particular tissues only, and the gene arrangements within these domains are highly conserved across taxa [33]. Moreover, chromosomal regions show different expression patterns in healthy tissues compared to cancers [34]. These examples indicate that the physical arrangement of genes within the genome may be a target of evolution, likely due to epigenetic and other regulatory mechanisms that control gene expression of sections of the genome. Additionally, examining the genomic positions of differentially expressed genes may revealevolutionary processes that acted on the genes. Strong selection for a particular allele or genomic variant leaves a detectable pattern in the genome, which may be represented by a genomic clustering of genes with changed expression levels. When a particular allele provides an selective advantages to the individual, this locus may be swept through the population. Any allelic variation that is physically linked to this locus (i. e. , resides in the nearby chromosomal domain) would be swept through the population as well. One of the best examples of a strong selective sweep is a mutation in the lactase gene in humans, that confers lactose resistance and is highly common among Europeans.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: As it happens, we can remark and agree with Glavin that Dickens’s books came first, of course, but that these movies now shape Dickens’s fiction by generating “whatever possibilities remain for reading the fiction” (5–6). Haut de page Bibliographie Bordwell, David. of Eisenstein. New York: Routledge, 2005. Print. Chaplin, Charles. My Autobiography. New York: Simon, 1964. Print. Collins, Wilkie. Finch. 1872. Ed. Catherine Peters. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2000. Print. Costantini, Mariaconcetta. Sensation and Professionalism in the Victorian Novel. Bern: Lang, 2015. Print. Crary, Jonathan. Techniques of the Observer. and Modernity in the Nineteenth Century. Cambridge, MA: MIT, 1993. Print. Dickens, Charles. for General Circulation. 1842. Ed. John S. Whitley and Arnold Goldman. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1972. Print. ---. Bleak House. 1853. Ed. Nicola Bradbury. London: Penguin, 1995. Print. ---. Christmas Books. Ed. Ruth Glancy. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1988. Print. ---. on the Hearth. 1845. London: Bradbury, 1846. Print. ---. of Charles Dickens. 1844–1846. Ed. Kathleen Tillotson. Vol. 4. Oxford: OUP, 1977. Print. Flint, Kate. and the Visual Imagination. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2000. Print. Forster, John. of Charles Dickens. 1872–1874. Ed. J. W. H. T. Ley. London: Palmer, 1928. Print. Gide, André. pastorale. 1919. Paris: Gallimard, 1972. Print. Gillooly, Eileen and eds. Contemporary Dickens. Columbus: UP, 2008. Print. Gitter, Elisabeth. Guest: the Original Deaf-Blind Girl. New York: Farrar, 2001. Print. Glancy, Ruth. “Introduction. ” Christmas Books. Dickens. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1988. Print. Glavin, John, ed. Dickens on Screen. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2003. Print.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Stem cell research holds potential for regenerating damaged tissues and organs. [SEP] Text: Zaehres, G. Wu, L. Gentile, K. Ko, V. Sebastiano, M. J. Arauzo-Bravo, D. Ruau, D. W. Han, M. Zenke, H. R. Schöler (2008) Pluripotent stem cells induced from adult neural stem cells by reprogramming with two factors. Nature 454: 646–650. 13. Kramer, J. , C. Hegert, K. . Rohwedel (2000) Embryonic stem cell-derived chondrogenic differentiation in vitro: activation by BMP-2 and BMP-4. 92: 193–205. 14. Kramer, J. , C. Hegert, G. Hargus, J. Rohwedel (2005a) Mouse ES cell lines show a variable degree of chondrogenic differentiation in vitro. Int 29: 139–146. 15. Kramer, J. , M. Klinger, C. Kruse, M. Faza, G. Hargus, J. Rohwedel (2005b) Ultrastructural analysis of mouse embryonic stem cell-derived chondrocytes. (Berl) 210: 175–185. 16. Kuzmenkin, A. , H. Liang, G. Xu, K. Pfannkuche, H. Eichhorn, A. Fatima, H. Luo, T. Saric, M. Wernig, R. Jaenisch, J. Hescheler (2009) Functional characterization of cardiomyocytes derived from murine induced pluripotent stem cells in vitro. 23: 4168–4180. 17. Maherali, N. , K. Hochedlinger (2008) Guidelines and techniques for the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell 3: 595–605. 18. Ohi, Y. , H. Qin, C. Hong, L. Blouin, J. M. Polo, T. Guo, Z. . Yu, M. Hebrok, K. . Ramalho-Santos (2011) Incomplete DNA methylation underlies a transcriptional memory of somatic cells in human iPS cells.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Gene drive technology has the potential to control pests and invasive species without the use of pesticides. [SEP] Text: , 2014). The progressively dwindling number of females will culminate in a population crash or extinction (Craig et al. , 1960; Lyttle, 1977; Burt, 2003; Schliekelman et al. , 2005; Deredec et al. , 2008, 2011; North et al. , 2013; Burt, 2014). Whether a standard gene drive will spread through a target population depends on molecular factors such as homing efficiency, fitness cost, and evolutionary stability (Marshall and Hay, 2012); only the rate of spread is determined by the mating dynamics, generation time, and other characteristics of the target population. In contrast, models suggest that the deleterious and complex effects of genetic load and sex-biasing suppression drives render them more sensitive to population-specific ecological variables such as density-dependent selection (Burt, 2003; Schliekelman et al. , 2005; Huang et al. , 2007; Deredec et al. , 2008; Marshall, 2009; Yahara et al. , 2009; Deredec et al. , 2011; Alphey and Bonsall, 2014). No engineered endonuclease gene drive capable of spreading through a wild population has yet been published. However, the Crisanti and Russell laboratories have constructed gene drives that can only spread through laboratory mosquito (Windbichler et al. , 2011) and fruit fly (Chan et al. , 2011; Simoni et al. , 2014) populations that have been engineered to contain the endonuclease cut site. and Crisanti laboratories are attempting to build a male-biasing suppression drive using an endonuclease that serendipitously cuts a conserved sequence repeated hundreds of times in the X chromosome of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae (Windbichler et al. , 2007, 2008; Galizi et al. , 2014). If successful, their work promises to substantially reduce the population of this important malaria vector. All engineered gene drives based on homing endonucleases cut the natural recognition site of the relevant enzyme. Despite early hopes, it has proven difficult to engineer homing endonucleases to cleave new target sequences. Numerous laboratories have sought to accomplish this goal for well over a decade with only a few recent successes (Chan et al. , 2013a; Thyme et al. , 2013; Takeuchi et al. , 2014).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: Shakespeare, William. The Sonnets. 1609. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1996. Print. Smith, Grahame. Dickens and the Dream of Cinema. Manchester: Manchester UP, 2003. Print. Stoddard Holmes, Martha. Fictions of Affliction: in Victorian Culture. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan P, 2004. Print. Vescovi, Alessandro. “Dickens’s ‘The Signalman’ and Rubini’s ‘La stazione. ” Dickens on Screen. Ed. John Glavin. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2003. 53–60. Print. Haut de page Notes 1 Paterson, “’Looking on Darkness, Which the See’: Blindness, Empathy, and Feeling Seeing. ” Mosaic. A to the of Literature 46. 3 (Sept 2013): 159-77. This issue of Mosaic is entirely devoted to the theme of blindness, and other 108. Man’s Blindness and Insight: Essays in the Rhetoric of Contemporary Criticism. New York: Routledge, 1983, examined the arena of criticism: one may infer that the double-blind peer review draws its authority from such text. 2 This 1918. Lenin attended one performance, but walked out (xv). 9 On the subject see the recent study by Mariaconcetta Costantini, Sensation and Professionalism in the Victorian Novel. Bern: Lang, 2015. 10 Oscar is treated for epilepsy with nitrate of silver which disfigures him by making his skin permanently black. But blind Lucilla feels “a delicious tingle” (147) when he touches her. After the operation, Nugent although winningly handsome does not produce the same effect. 11 « Au reste, cette méthode, ajouta-t-il après me l’avoir minutieusement exposée, n’a rien de bien sorcier. Je ne l’invente point et d’autres l’ont appliquée déjà.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Stem cell research holds potential for regenerating damaged tissues and organs. [SEP] Text: Wobus (1994) Muscle cell differentiation of embryonic stem cells reflects myogenesis in vivo: developmentally regulated expression of myogenic determination genes and functional expression of ionic currents. 164: 87–101. 25. Schroeder, T. , F. Meier-Stiegen, R. Schwanbeck, H. Eilken, S. Nishikawa, R. Hasler, S. Schreiber, G. W. Bornkamm, U. Just (2006) Activated Notch1 alters differentiation of embryonic stem cells into mesodermal cell lineages at multiple stages of development. 123: 570–579. 26. Takahashi, K. , S. Yamanaka (2006) Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. Cell 126: 663–676. 27. Tashiro, K. , M. Inamura, K. Kawabata, F. Sakurai, K. Yamanishi, T. Hayakawa, H. Mizuguchi (2009) Efficient adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation from mouse induced pluripotent stem cells by adenoviral transduction. 27: 1802–1811. 28. Wernig, M. , A. Meissner, R. Foreman, T. Brambrink, M. Ku, K. Hochedlinger, B. E. Bernstein, R. Jaenisch (2007) In vitro reprogramming of fibroblasts into a pluripotent ES-cell-like state. Nature 448: 318–324. 29. Wobus, A. M. , R. Grosse, J. Schöneich (1988) Specific effects of nerve growth factor on the differentiation pattern of mouse embryonic stem cells in vitro. Acta 47: 965–973. 30. Wobus, A. M. , G. Wallukat, J. Hescheler (1991) Pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells are able to differentiate into cardiomyocytes expressing chronotropic responses to adrenergic and cholinergic agents and Ca2+ channel blockers. Differentiation 48: 173–182. 31. zur Nieden, N. I. , G. Kempka, D. E. Rancourt, H. J.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Gene drive technology has the potential to control pests and invasive species without the use of pesticides. [SEP] Text: But if half a dozen or even a dozen design-build-test cycles are sufficient to produce moderately efficient gene drives, many molecular biology laboratories around the world will soon be capable of engineering wild populations. Box 1 Could gene drives alter human populations? Not unless we wait for many centuries. Even in a hypothetical future in which human germline editing was considered safe and ethical, a driven alteration would be only four times as abundant as a non-driven alteration a full century after the birth of an edited human. This assumes future generations would not elect to remove the drive. Whole-genome sequencing - a technology that is available in many modern hospitals and is widely expected to be ubiquitous in the near future - is quite capable of detecting the presence of any gene drive if we decide to look. Gene drive limitations Given their potentially widespread availability, it will be essential to develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental limitations of genetic drive systems. First and most important, gene drives require many generations to spread through populations. Once transgenic organisms bearing the gene drive are constructed in the laboratory, they must be released into the wild to mate with wild-type individuals in order to begin the process of spreading the drive through the wild population. The total time required to spread to all members depends on the number of drive-carrying individuals that are released, the generation time of the organism, the efficiency of homing, the impact of the drive on individual fitness, and the dynamics of mating and gene flow in the population, but in general it will take several dozen generations (Burt, 2003; Huang et al. , 2007; Deredec et al. , 2008; Marshall, 2009; Yahara et al. , 2009; Deredec et al. , 2011). Thus, drives will spread very quickly in fast-reproducing species but only slowly in long-lived organisms. Second, gene drives cannot affect species that exclusively practice asexual reproduction through clonal division or self-fertilization. This category includes all viruses and bacteria as well as most unicellular organisms. Highly efficient standard drives might be able to slowly spread through populations that employ a mix of sexual and asexual reproduction, such as certain plants, but drives intended to suppress the population would presumably force target organisms to reproduce asexually in order to avoid suppression. Third, drive-mediated genome alterations are not permanent on an evolutionary timescale.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: Ne t’en souviens-tu pas Du temps que nous faisions ensemble notre philosophie, nos professeurs, à propos de Condillac et de sa statue animée, nous entretenaient déjà d’un cas analogue à celui-ci… À moins, fit-il en se reprenant, que je n’aie lu cela plus tard, dans une revue de psychologie… N’importe cela m’a frappé et je me souviens même du nom de cette pauvre enfant, encore plus déshéritée que Gertrude, car elle était aveugle et sourde-muette, qu’un docteur de je ne sais plus quel comté d’Angleterre recueillit, vers le milieu du siècle dernier. Elle avait nom Laura Bridgeman. Ce docteur avait tenu journal, comme tu devrais faire, des progrès de l’enfant, ou du moins, pour commencer, de ses efforts à lui pour l’instruire. Durant des jours et des semaines, il s’obstina à lui faire toucher et palper alternativement deux petits objets, une épingle, puis une plume, puis toucher sur une feuille imprimée à l’usage des aveugles le relief des deux mots anglais : pin et pen. Et durant des semaines, il n’obtint aucun résultat. Le corps semblait inhabité. Pourtant il ne perdait pas confiance. Je me faisais l’effet de quelqu’un, racontait-il, qui, penché sur la margelle d’un puits profond et noir, agiterait désespérément une corde dans l’espoir qu’enfin une main la saisisse.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Stem cell research holds potential for regenerating damaged tissues and organs. [SEP] Text: Close navigation menu 89. 89. Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) toolbar search Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search many other animals, mammals develop from fertilized oocytes – the ultimate stem cells. As embryogenesis proceeds, most cells lose developmental potential and eventually become restricted to a specific cell lineage. The result is the formation of a complete and structured mature organism with complex organs composed of a great variety of mature, mostly mitotically quiescent effector cells. However, along the way, some exceptional cells, known as somatic stem cells (SSCs) are set aside and maintain a high proliferation and tissue-specific differentiation potential. SSCs, in contrast to embryonic stem (ES) cells, which are able to give rise to all cell types of the body, have been regarded as being more limited in their differentiation potential in the sense that they were thought to be committed exclusively to their tissue of origin. However, recent studies have demonstrated that somatic stem cells from a given tissue can also contribute to heterologous tissues and thus show a broad nontissue restricted differentiation potential. The question arises: how plastic are somatic stem cells? To provide a tentative answer, we describe and review here recent investigations into the developmental potentials of two somatic stem cell types, namely hematopoietic and neural stem cells. Keywords: Embryonic stem cells, Hematopoietic stem cells, Neural stem cells, Somatic stem cells, Plasticity 1. Ahmed, S. , B. A. Reynolds, S. Weiss (1995) BDNF enhances the differentiation but not the survival of CNS stem cell-derived neuronal precursors. J Neurosci 15: 5765–5778. 2. Akashi, K. , M. Kondo, U. von Freeden-Jeffry, R. Murray, I. L. Weissman (1997) Bcl-2 rescues T lymphopoiesis in interleukin-7 receptor-deficient mice. Cell 89: 1033–1041. 3. Bhatia, M. , J. C. Y. Wang, U. Kapp, D. Bonnet, J. E. Dick (1997) Purification of primitive human hematopoietic cells capable of repopulating immune-deficient mice. 94: 5320–5325. 4.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Gene drive technology has the potential to control pests and invasive species without the use of pesticides. [SEP] Text: While gene drives can spread traits through populations even if they are costly to each individual organism, harmful traits will eventually be outcompeted by more fit alleles after the drive has gone to fixation. Highly deleterious traits may be eliminated even more quickly, with non-functional versions appearing in large numbers even before the drive and its cargo can spread to all members of the population. Even when the trait is perfectly linked to the drive mechanism, the selection pressure favoring the continued function of Cas9 and the guide RNAs will relax once the drive reaches fixation. Maintaining deleterious traits within a population indefinitely is likely to require scheduled releases of new RNA-guided gene drives to periodically overwrite the broken versions in the environment. Fourth, our current knowledge of the risk management (Scott et al. , 2002; Touré et al. , 2004; UNEP, 2010; McGraw and O’Neill, 2013; Alphey, 2014) and containment (Benedict et al. , 2008; Marshall, 2009) issues associated with gene drives is largely due to the efforts of researchers focused on mosquito-borne illnesses. Frameworks for evaluating ecological consequences are similarly focused on mosquitoes (David et al. , 2013) and the few other organisms for which alternative genetic biocontrol methods have been considered (Dana et al. , 2014). While these examples provide an invaluable starting point for investigations of RNA-guided gene drives targeting other organisms, studies examining the particular drive, population, and associated ecosystem in question will be needed. Box 2 Could gene drives alter domesticated animals or crops? In theory they could, though probably not without the permission of the farmers, scientists and breeders who typically monitor reproduction. For example, genetic records and artificial insemination are so common among cattle and other domesticated animals that it would be exceedingly difficult for a gene drive to spread through any of these species. Seed farms play a similar role for crops. Long generation times will represent a further barrier for many domesticated species. In general, our expectation is that beneficial applications are more likely to involve the alteration of weeds and insect pest populations rather than the crops themselves. Safeguards and control strategies Given the potential for gene drives to alter entire wild populations and therefore ecosystems, the development of this technology must include robust safeguards and methods of control (Oye et al. , 2014). Whereas existing gene drive proposals focus on adding genes (Ito et al.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: Car il ne douta pas un instant que quelqu’un ne fût là, au fond du gouffre, et que cette corde à la fin ne soit saisie. Et un jour, enfin, il vit cet impassible visage de Laura s’éclairer d’une sorte de sourire; je crois bien qu’à ce moment des larmes de reconnaissance et d’amour jaillirent de ses yeux et qu’il tomba à genoux pour remercier le Seigneur. Laura venait tout à coup de comprendre ce que le docteur voulait d’elle sauvée À partir de ce jour elle fit attention ses progrès furent rapides elle s’instruisit bientôt elle-même, et par la suite devint directrice d’un institut d’aveugles … » (34–36). 12 Vescovi argues that the relationship between the Italian movie La stazione and “The Signalman” can be paralleled “to that between Chaplin’s and Dickens’s Christmas story ‘on the Hearth’” (Glavin 54). 13 Adapted to the screen by Jean Aurenche. The film score was by Georges Auric. At the 1946 Festival, the movie won the (equivalent of the Palme d’Or) and the award was for Michèle Morgan. Haut de page Table des illustrations Bridgman (1829–1889) Crédits Image in (public domain) URL Fichier image/jpeg, 20k Dickens, on the Hearth Crédits London: Bradbury, 1846. 54 URL Fichier image/jpeg, 24k Leech, “Caleb at Work” Légende on the Hearth 1846.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Stem cell research holds potential for regenerating damaged tissues and organs. [SEP] Text: Al-Dhalimy, M. Reitsma, M. Dohse, L. Osborne, X. Wang, M. Finegold, I. L. Weissman, M. Grompe (2000) Purified hematopoietic stem cells can differentiate into hepatocytes in vivo. 6: 1229–1234. 32. Loeffler, M. , C. S. Potten (1997) Stem cells and cellular pedigrees – a conceptual introduction; in Potten, C. S. (ed): Stem Cells. London, Academic Press, pp 1–27. 33. Lois, C. , A. Alvarez-Buylla (1994) Long-distance neuronal migration in the adult mammalian brain. Science 264: 1145–1148. 34. Lord, B. I. , E. Spooncer (1986) Isolation of haemopoietic spleen colony forming cells. 5: 59–72. 35. Lorenz, E. , D. Uphoff, T. R. Reid, E. Shelton (1951) Modification of irradiation injury in mice and guinea pigs by bone marrow injections. J Inst 12: 197–201. 36. Magli, M. C. , C. Largman, H. J. Lawrence (1997) Effects of HOX homeobox genes in blood cell differentiation. J 173: 168–177. 37. (1996) Development of day-8 colony-forming unit – spleen hematopoietic progenitors during early murine embryogensis: spatial and temporal mapping. Blood 87: 557–566. 38. üller, E. A. Dzierzak (1993) An early preliver intraembryonic source of CFU-S in the developing mouse. Nature 364: 64–67. 39. Mezey, E. , K. J. Chandross, G. (2000) Turning blood into brain: cells bearing neuronal antigens generated in vivo from bone marrow. Science 290:1779–1782. 40. Morrison, S. J. , I. L. Weissman (1994) The long-term repopulating subset of hematopoietic stem cells is deterministic and isolatable by phenotype.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Gene drive technology has the potential to control pests and invasive species without the use of pesticides. [SEP] Text: The previously described genetic load and sex-biasing drives (Burt, 2003) could potentially lead to extinction (Deredec et al. , 2008, 2011). While this outcome may be necessary to achieve compelling goals such as the eradication of malaria, other situations may call for more refined methods. Here we outline a handful of alternative architectures that would provide greater control over the extent of population suppression. Chemical approaches to population control might utilize ‘sensitizing drives’ to render target organisms vulnerable to a particular molecule using one of three strategies (Figure 6). First, a sensitizing drive might reverse known mutations that confer resistance to existing pesticides or herbicides. Second, it might carry a prodrug-converting enzyme (Schellmann et al. , 2010) that would render a prodrug molecule toxic to organisms that express it. Third, it could swap a conserved gene for a version that is strongly inhibited by a particular small molecule. Because sensitizing drives would have no effect in the absence of their associated molecule – and in some cases vice versa – they could grant very fine control over the geography and extent of population suppression with minimal ecological risk. Figure 6 with 3 supplements see all Download asset Open asset Controlling population suppression. Previously proposed genetic load and meiotic suppression drives spread without limit and may incur a substantial risk of extinction. Alternative gene drive types might be used to grant finer control over the extent of suppression. ‘Sensitization drives’ would be harmless save for conferring vulnerability to a particular chemical, which could then be used as a population-specific pesticide. Evolutionarily ‘unstable drives’ would place a limit on the average number of drive copying events and thus the extent of population suppression. ‘Interacting drives’ would initiate suppression only upon encountering a specific genetic signature in the population, in this case a different gene drive. The combination would create a sterile-daughter effect (Figure 6—figure supplement 1) capable of continuing suppression for several generations. Finally, an immunizing drive could protect a subpopulation from a full genetic load or male-biasing suppression drive employed elsewhere. Interacting drive and immunizing drive approaches would be effective on very large populations spread across substantial geographic areas (Figure 6—figure supplement 2) while suffering from correspondingly reduced geographic resolution and greater ecological risk (Figure 6—figure supplement 3).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: 61 URL Fichier image/jpeg, 28k édits Image in (public domain) URL Fichier image/jpeg, 32k Lights (1931) Crédits Image in the public domain URL Fichier image/jpeg, 21k Haut de page Pour citer cet 13. 2 | 2016, mis en ligne le 15 juin 2016, consulté le 06 octobre 2024. URL : DOI : de page à degli Studi di Milanofrancesca. orestano@unimi. itteaches at Università degli Studi di Milano. She works in the areas of landscape aesthetics (the picturesque, from the eighteenth century to the present), garden history, Victorian and Dickens studies, art criticism, modernity and Virginia Woolf, children’s literature from the eighteenth century to the present. Her recent research encompasses responses to the Italian Renaissance, chemistry and Victorian taste, Woolf and the art of cooking, the child reader. She is guest editor of the 2014 issue of on “History and Children’s Literature,” and since 2007 editor of the website de page Droits d’auteur Le texte seul est utilisable sous licence CC BY-NC-ND 4. 0. Les autres éléments (illustrations, fichiers annexes importés) sont « Tous droits réservés », sauf mention contraire. Haut de page Sommaire - Document précédent Auteurs Mots-clés Présentation Présentation éditoriale de la revue e-Rea Comité de rédaction Organigramme e-Rea Comité de lecture Consignes aux rédacteurs invités et rédactrices invitées Consignes aux auteurs Numéros en texte intégral 202421. 2 202320. 2 | 21. 1 202219. 2 | 20. 1 202118. 2 | 19. 1 202017. 2 | 18. 1 201916. 2 | 17. 1 201815. 2 | 16. 1 201714. 2 | 15. 1 201613. 2 | 14. 1 201512. 2 | 13. 1 201411. 2 | 12. 1 201310. 2 | 11.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Stem cell research holds potential for regenerating damaged tissues and organs. [SEP] Text: Multipotent/pluripotent stem cell populations in stromal tissues and peripheral blood: exploring diversity, potential, and therapeutic applications access Published: 12 May 2024 Multipotent/pluripotent stem cell populations in stromal tissues and peripheral blood: exploring diversity, potential, and therapeutic applications Domenico Aprile1, Deanira Patrone1, Gianfranco Peluso2 & …: orcid. org/0000-0003-0909-74031,3,4 Show authors Research & Therapy 3. Upon transfer to an adhesion system, single cells express markers of mesoderm, ectoderm, and endoderm, indicating trilinear differentiation and self-renewal ability through multiple culture cycles (Table 1, Fig. 1). Table 1 Main properties, isolation method, pheno/genotypic and functional characteristics of MUSE cells, cells, MAPCFull size tableFig. 1of Stromal and Populations (). Localization, surface markers, isolation methods, and main properties of stem cells have been reportedFull size imageComprehensive analyses of MUSE cells have included investigations into their transcriptomics and proteomics, identifying specific factors within the secretome that significantly contribute to stress resistance and tissue repair mechanisms [22]. The secretome of MUSE cells reveals a unique protein profile, including Serpins and 14-3-3 proteins, which contribute to stress tolerance and apoptosis inhibition [23]. Notably, in severe tissue damage, MUSE cells migrate from the bone marrow to peripheral blood, guided by the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) pathway, particularly the S1PR2 receptor. In injured areas, MUSE cells persist and phagocyte apoptotic differentiated cells using distinct phagocytic receptor subsets compared to macrophages. The phagocyted contents from the differentiated cells, such as transcription factors, were promptly discharged into the cytoplasm, moved into the nucleus, and attached to the promoter regions of the stem cell genomes. Within 2 days, the MUSE cells exhibited lineage-specific markers associated with the phagocyted differentiated cells [21, 24]. MUSE cells exhibit immunomodulatory capacity, activating regulatory T cells, suppressing dendritic cell differentiation, and expressing HLA-G, suggesting potential in immune tolerance [25].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Gene drive technology has the potential to control pests and invasive species without the use of pesticides. [SEP] Text: Further investigation of possible monitoring strategies will be needed. Transparency, public discussion, and evaluation Technologies with the potential to significantly influence the lives of the general public demand societal review and consent. As self-propagating alterations of wild populations, RNA-guided gene drives will be capable of influencing entire ecosystems for good or for ill. As such, it is imperative that all research in this nascent field operate under conditions of full transparency, including independent scientific assessments of probable impacts and thoughtful, informed, and fully inclusive public discussions. The decision of whether or not to utilize a gene drive for a given purpose should be based entirely on the probable benefits and risks of that specific drive. That is, each drive should be judged solely by its potential outcomes, such as its ability to accomplish the intended aims, its probable effects on other species, the risk of spreading into closely related species by rare mating events, and impacts on ecosystems and human societies. As scientists developing these technologies, it will be our responsibility to make all empirical data and predictive models freely available to the public in a transparent and understandable format. Above all else, we must openly share our level of confidence in these assessments as we determine how best to proceed. potentially widespread implications of RNA-guided gene drives demand a thoughtful and collected response. Numerous practical difficulties must be overcome before gene drives will be in a position to address any of the suggested applications. Many of our proposals and predictions are likely to fall short simply because biological systems are complex and difficult to engineer. Even so, the current rate of scientific advancement related to Cas9 and the many outcomes accessible using the simplest of gene drives suggest that molecular biologists will soon be able to edit the genomes of wild populations, reverse or update those changes in response to field observations, and perhaps even engage in targeted population suppression. What criteria might we use to evaluate an RNA-guided gene drive intended to address a given problem? There are compelling arguments in favor of eliminating insect-borne human diseases, developing and supporting more sustainable agricultural models, and controlling environmentally damaging invasive species. At the same time, there are valid concerns regarding our ability to accurately predict the ecological and human consequences of these interventions. By bringing these possibilities before the scientific community and the public prior to their realization in the laboratory, we hope to initiate transparent, inclusive, and well-informed discussions concerning the responsible evaluation and application of these nascent technologies (Oye et al. , 2014). Add a comment + Open annotations.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: Sign in 10. 1145/3173574. 3173777acmconferences10. 1145/3173574. 3173777Published: 21 April 2018 52citation984DownloadsMetricsTotal 2017. Embracing Errors: Context of Blind Individuals' Acceptance of Errors. of the 2017 CHI Conference on in (CHI '17). ACM, 41584169. Digital Library2016. to People: A Approach. /on Interaction (HRI '16). 3--10. Digital Library2012. Input finger detection for nonvisual touch screen text entry in Perkinput. of 2012 (GI '12). Processing Society, 121--129. Digital Library2016. Laboratory? : Prostheses as a Tool for Experimenting with Identity and Normalcy. of the 2016 CHI Conference on in (CHI '16). ACM, 1745--1756. Digital Library2010. VizWiz: nearly real-time answers to visual questions. of the 23nd annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology (UIST '10). ACM, 333--342. Digital Library1995. Applying activity theory to video analysis: how to make sense of video data in human-computer interaction. A. Nardi (Ed. ). Context and consciousness. of 147--174. Digital Library2010. No-look notes: accessible eyes-free multi-touch text entry. 26. Library2015. to Social Microvolunteering. of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on in (CHI '15). ACM, 1055--1064. Digital Library2015. Collaborative Accessibility: Co-Home Spaces. of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on in (CHI '15), 2373--2382. Digital Library2015. Work of Accessibility: Accessibility in Mixed-Ability Workplaces. of the 17th on Computers & Accessibility ('15), 163--171. Digital Library2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology 3, no. 2 (2006): 77--101. 2013. Supporting blind navigation using depth sensing and sonification. of the 2013 ACM conference on Pervasive and ubiquitous computing adjunct publication (UbiComp '13 Adjunct). ACM, 255--258. Digital Library2014. the 'EyeCane': a for Blind Individuals. In M.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Stem cell research holds potential for regenerating damaged tissues and organs. [SEP] Text: MUSE cells possess significant regenerative potential, demonstrated by their safety, accessibility, in vivo differentiation, and therapeutic effects in various models, including lacunar infarction, acute myocardial infarction, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and liver fibrosis [26,27,28,29,30,31]. Clinical trials for conditions like acute myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, epidermolysis bullosa, spinal cord injuries, ALS, cerebral palsy, and COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome are underway in Japan. The absence of tumorigenesis post-injection and their applicability without gene manipulation or cytokine treatment further underscore MUSE cells' promise in regenerative medicine. In summary, MUSE cells present a unique pluripotent profile, making them versatile candidates for regenerative medicine with applications in diverse biological contexts. Very small embryonic-like (VSEL) stem cellsDiscovered in 2006, Embryonic-Like (VSEL) stem cells have emerged as a unique subset within the realm of stem cell research, holding great promise for regenerative medicine [32]. Unlike conventional stem cell populations, VSEL cells present distinct characteristics that set them apart and offer an ethical alternative to embryonic stem cells. VSEL cells, remarkably small in size (3–6 μm), lack certain lineage markers (CD45–, lin–), and express specific surface antigens like Sca-1 and CXCR4. They also exhibit pluripotency markers, including Oct-4, SSEA-3, Nanog, and Rex1, commonly associated with embryonic stem cells [33]. VSELs have been identified in both mice and humans, displaying remarkable differentiation potential and widespread localization in tissues such as bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, and peripheral blood. The sorting method involves the use of beads of predefined sizes, isolating Oct-4 + CXCR4 + SSEA-1 + Sca-1 + CD45 – lin – cells in mice and Oct-4 + CXCR4 + SSEA-4 + CD133 + CD45 – lin – cells in humans [34, 35]. These sorted cells display large nuclei with unorganized chromatin (euchroma). Approximately 5–10% of isolated VSELs, when cultured, can form VSEL-(DS), resembling embryoid bodies.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Gene drive technology has the potential to control pests and invasive species without the use of pesticides. [SEP] Text: It would be helpful to define 9, the DNA repeat elements, their natural functions (targeted cleavage of foreign DNA), and how they can be tailored to use as gene editing drives in multi-cellular organizations. This basic description is important because it is a new technology even for many molecular biologists, let alone for the interested public, and without a clear understanding of the technology, the reader might not be able to fully comprehend the societal implications (both benefits and risks) and likelihood of future capabilities of the technology. We also felt that there is the danger that without a strong, factual discussion of the basic concepts along with what is currently possible and what has so far not been demonstrated, the intended audience (public, broader science community, others with no or different technical knowledge) might arrive at a conclusion that does not adequately reflect current and near-future reality. When basic scientific topics are clearly described, the responses tend to be much more thoughtful and measured. When the science is not sufficiently described, all sorts of responses are elicited. We agree that the inclusion of a section explaining the established use of Cas9 for genome editing would greatly strengthen the paper. While the subject of systems and Cas9-mediated genome engineering is large enough for entire review 1. Figure 4—figure supplement 3 specifically details existing technologies that could be applied to optimize RNA-guided gene drives and notes the challenges involved in doing so. We have endeavored to clarify that this technology remains theoretical and our predictions are fallible throughout. Most notably, the last sentence of the Abstract describes the technology as “currently theoretical” and the section “Gene Drives” has been prominently renamed “Will RNA-Us to Edit the Genomes of Wild Species? ” It goes on to explicitly state that we cannot know for certain until we try. Combined with our cautionary statement in the Conclusion noting that, “Numerous practical difficulties must be overcome before gene drives will be in a position to address any of the suggested applications. Many of our proposals and predictions are likely to fall short simply because biological systems are complex and difficult to engineer. . . ”, we think it unlikely that a reader will come away with a mistaken impression. To avoid any possibly distracting discussion around this 10. 7554/eLife. 03401. 019 3401. Download BibTeX Download. RIS Categories and tags Feature 2.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: Auvray and C. Duriez (eds. ), Haptics: Neuroscience, Devices, Modeling, and Applications. in 96--103. Crossref2011. The SmartPrototype for Blind Users. of Technology and its Applications 5(5), 351--361. Crowdsourcing subjective fashion advice using VizWiz: challenges and opportunities. of the 14th international conference on Computers and accessibility ('12). ACM, 135--142. Digital Library2016. Facts about Vision Loss. of. Last retrieved 7th December 2016 from Detecting and reading text in natural scenes. on 2004. CVPR 2004. vol. 2. Digital Library2007. Color targets: Fiducials to help visually impaired people find their way by camera phone. on Image and 2007, no. 1 (2007), 10. 1155/2007/96357Digital Library1978. to Sociological Methods, 2d ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. 2016. Let's Get Lost:. of the 2016 on in (CHI EA '16). ACM, 2034--2040. Digital Library2011. An integrated system for blind day-today life autonomy. proceedings of the 13th international conference on Computers and accessibility ('11). ACM, 225--226. Digital Library2008. Supporting orientation for blind people using museum guides. In CHI '08 on in (CHI EA '08). ACM, 3417--3422. Digital Library2002. Producing sense with nonsense syllables. of Turn and Sequence, Oxford (CUP), (2002), 56--80. 2008. From tapping to touching: Making touch screens accessible to blind users. 15(4), 48--50. Digital Library2017. Facade: Auto-generating to Appliances. of the 2017 CHI Conference on in (CHI '17). ACM, 5826--5838. Digital Library2012. CrossingGuard: exploring information content in navigation aids for visually impaired pedestrians. of the on in (CHI '12). ACM, 405--414. Digital Library2010. V-braille: haptic braille perception using a touch-screen and vibration on mobile phones. of the 12th international conference on Computers and accessibility ('10). ACM, 295--296. Digital Library2011. Supporting blind photography.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Stem cell research holds potential for regenerating damaged tissues and organs. [SEP] Text: These structures, observed in young mice, exhibit features such as immature cells with large nuclei, and express pluripotency markers. VSEL-DS, when replated, can generate new secondary or tertiary spheres and, under conducive conditions, differentiate into various cell types [36, 37]. These cells exhibit not only in vitro trilineage differentiation but also contribute to diverse in vivo outcomes, including the development of bone-like structures, endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic cells. VSELs demonstrate migratory capabilities, responding to specific tissues during migration assays and showing a prompt response to tissue damage. Moreover, they exhibit stress resistance, surviving high doses of gamma-irradiation and extrinsic heat stress, showcasing their robust nature in adverse conditions (Table 1, Fig. 1). Comprehensive analyses have been conducted on the proteome and transcriptome of VSELs, revealing dynamic profiles that contribute to their functional diversity. Researchers have diligently investigated the molecular characteristics of VSELs to understand their developmental origin. By studying highly purified double-sorted VSELs from murine bone marrow under steady-state conditions, it has been observed that these cells express genes associated with both epiblast specification (e. g. , Stella, Prdm14, Fragilis, Blimp1, Nanos3, and Dnd1) and primordial germ cells (PGCs). Notably, PGC-specific genes like Dppa2, Dppa4, and Mvh, which are characteristic of late-migratory PGCs, were also expressed. Authors hypothesized that VSELs maintain quiescence in adult tissues through mechanisms similar to those governing PGC quiescence, involving epigenetic modifications of paternally imprinted genes [38]. These findings suggest that VSELs modify the imprinting of early-development imprinted gene loci (e. g. , Igf2–H19), rendering them resistant to insulin-like growth factor signaling. These insights strengthen the link between PGCs and VSELs as potential precursors for long-term tissue regeneration. Some studies suggest that VSELs may possess immunomodulatory capabilities, indicating their potential interactions with the immune system. Claims have been made that VSELs could regulate the immune response, potentially enhancing it in cases of infections or injuries and attenuating it in conditions of autoimmune hyperactivity.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Gene drive technology has the potential to control pests and invasive species without the use of pesticides. [SEP] Text: The use of transgenic plants that express insecticidal agents thus reduces the population of insect pests and reduces the usage of chemical insecticides. This extends the useful life of the insecticides and also reduces the ecological damage they may cause [61]. As with any new method of insect control, the impact of transgenic plants on non-target and beneficial insects, particularly pollinators such as honey bees, needs to be assessed [88-90]. Table 1 lists a number of biotechnology approaches tested on lepidopteran insects. Since the discovery that dsRNA can silence genes, RNA interference (RNAi) has been developed as an effective tool for regulating gene expression in plants and animals. RNA interference or gene silencing has been used to inhibit virus replication and spread in transgenic plants and has potential to be developed commercially for disease control [91]. The use of RNAi for insect control is less well developed. Insect genes can be down-regulated by injection of dsRNA or by oral administration of high concentrations of exogenously supplied dsRNA as part of an artificial diet, but a much more efficient method of delivering dsRNA is needed before RNAi technology can be used to control pests in the field [64,65]. To date, the most successful transgenes for insect control have been the genes encoding insecticidal toxins from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. 2. 1. thuringiensis endotoxinsThe use of genes encoding endotoxins from Bacillus thuringiensis is now a well-established technology for producing transgenic plants with enhanced resistance to the larvae of lepidopteran insect pests [92]. Bt cotton was first released for commercial production in the USA in 1996 and subsequently grown in several countries including and India [93]. Since then other transgenic crop species producing Bt toxins have been commercialized including maize, tomato and potato ( The adoption of Bt crop varieties by farmers has been rapid reflecting the benefits of these crops such as reduced insecticide use, lower production costs and higher yields [94]. Only two Bt crops are grown in Australia (Table 2). In the most recent season (2011/2012) approximately 80% of the cotton grown in Australia was Bollgard II ® [95]. B. thuringiensis, a Gram-positive soil bacterium, produces a proteinaceous parasporal crystalline inclusion during sporulation [96].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: proceedings of the 13th international conference on Computers and accessibility ('11). ACM, 203--210. Digital Library1979. Mixing qualitative and quantitative methods: Triangulation in action. Administrative science quarterly 24, no. 4 (1979), 602--611. 2009. Freedom to roam: a study of mobile device adoption and accessibility for people with visual and motor disabilities. of the 11th international conference on Computers and accessibility (Assets '09). ACM, 115--122. Digital Library2010. From ShopTalk to ShopMobile: vision-based barcode scanning with mobile phones for independent blind grocery shopping. of the 2010 Society of Conference (RESNA 2010), vol. 703, 5. 2008. A camera phone based currency reader for the visually impaired. of the 10th international conference on Computers and accessibility (Assets '08). ACM, 305--306. Digital Library2005. Studying actions in context: a qualitative shadowing method for organizational research. Qualitative research 5(4), 455--473. 2013. VBGhost: a braille-based educational smartphone game for children. of the 15th on Computers and Accessibility ('13). ACM, 2006. Video recording as the reflexive preservation and configuration of phenomenal features for analysis. In Knoblauch, H. , Raab, J. , Soeffner, H. -G. , Schnettler, B. (eds. ). Video Analysis. Bern: Lang, 51--68. 493698. pdf2006. Triangulation and integration: processes, claims and implications. Qualitative research 6, no. 1 (2006), 45--59. 2005. On becoming disabled and articulating alternatives: The multiple modes of ordering disability and their interferences. 19, no. 6 (2005), 667--700. Crossref2011. Blind people and mobile touch-based text-entry: acknowledging the need for different flavors. proceedings of the 13th international conference on Computers and accessibility ('11). ACM, 179--186. Digital Library1990. The individual and social models of disability. In joint workshop of The living options Group and the of the of Physicians, vol. 23. 2004. Triangulation in social research: qualitative and quantitative methods can really be mixed. Developments in sociology 20 (2004), 103--118. 2002.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Stem cell research holds potential for regenerating damaged tissues and organs. [SEP] Text: However, these findings have been reported primarily on the websites of private regenerative medicine centers, lacking validation through scientific evidence. On the other hand, several clinical trials suggest that VSELs might exhibit immune-privileged properties, potentially enabling transplantation across histocompatibility barriers without triggering an immune response. Nevertheless, further research is necessary to comprehensively understand the underlying mechanisms and to develop effective therapies utilizing VSELs [39]. VSELs are currently being investigated in clinical trials for various applications [40, 41]. In the context of knee osteoarthritis, researchers are exploring the safety and efficacy of autologous VSELs by injecting them into the affected knee. Additionally, VSELs are being evaluated for facial skin antiaging, where they are injected into specific areas. Furthermore, these stem cells are being studied for their potential role in addressing organic erectile dysfunction. Overall, VSELs hold promise as a fascinating avenue for tissue regeneration and aging-related therapies. A significant application of VSEL cells has been explored in diabetes repair. VSELs, isolated from mouse bone marrow, were analyzed for specific markers and demonstrated the ability to differentiate into various cell types. Upon intravenous injection into mice with pancreas damage, VSELs migrated to the pancreas, survived, and resulted in a significant decrease in blood glucose levels for at least two months. The mice also experienced gradual weight gain [42]. This groundbreaking research suggests that VSELs could be a promising strategy for treating diabetes and other regenerative diseases, offering a viable alternative to traditional stem cell therapies [35, 43]. In summary, VSELs present a unique combination of migratory, stress-resistant, and differentiation features, positioning them as resilient contributors to tissue regeneration and repair. This makes them promising candidates for therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine, akin to MUSE cells, showcasing distinct characteristics in diverse biological contexts. Marrow isolated adult multilineage inducible (MIAMI) cellsInducible (MIAMI) cells were discovered in 2004 by Gianluca D'Ippolito and his team [47]. These cells have sparked significant interest in the field of regenerative medicine due to their distinctive characteristics and promising therapeutic potential. The process of isolating MIAMI cells involves a specialized expansion and selection procedure that emulates the in vivo microenvironment of primitive stem cells in the bone marrow.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Gene drive technology has the potential to control pests and invasive species without the use of pesticides. [SEP] Text: A triple stranded -sheet is the dominant secondary structural feature; several -turns and a short region -helix are also present (Figure 3B; [238]). The reactive site is located on an exposed loop which has a higher degree of mobility than other regions of the protein (Figure 3B). This is a common feature of PIs and is thought to allow the inhibitor to adapt to slightly different enzymes [239]. Atkinson and colleagues suggested NaPIs may be involved in deterring insects from feeding on stigmas or in protecting the stigma from pathogen invasion since the related type-II PIs from potato and tomato are effective against proteases of fungal, bacterial and insect origin [232,241]. The PIs from N. alata inhibit the digestive gut proteases from five insect orders in vitro and display significant inhibitory activity against the midgut proteases of H. punctigera and T. commodus [197,198]. Significant mortality was recorded when H. punctigera larvae were fed transgenic tobacco [197] or transgenic peas [198] expressing the NaPI precursor. More recently, the response of Helicoverpa larvae to ingestion of NaPI has been more thoroughly characterized. Following ingestion of NaPI, all surviving Helicoverpa punctigera larvae produced high levels of a chymotrypsin that was resistant to inhibition by NaPI [199]. However this NaPI-resistant chymotrypsin was strongly inhibited by a potato type 1 inhibitor which is also produced by solanaceous plants, but belongs to a different class of serine proteinase inhibitors. When presented to H. armigera larvae in an artificial diet the combination of NaPI and the potato type I inhibitor had a much more dramatic effect on growth and development of the larvae compared to either of the inhibitors alone (Figure 4). Figure 4. Percentage of Helicoverpa larval growth on day 11. This laboratory result was then translated to transgenic plants in the field. Transgenic cotton plants expressing both PI classes, NaPI and StPin1A performed better than transgenic cotton plants expressing either PI alone. The improved performance of the transgenic cotton plants with both PIs was measured by an increase in cotton boll number per plant and increased yield of lint at the end of the cotton growing season (Figure 5)[199]. Figure 5.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: The shaping of individual meanings assigned to assistive technology: a review of personal factors. Disability and rehabilitation 24, no. 1--3 (2002): 5--20. 2015. Doing sensory ethnography. Sage. 2008. Multimodal collaborative handwriting training for visually-impaired people. of the on in (CHI '08). ACM, 393402. Digital Library2016. The AT Effect: Affects the Acceptability of Head-Use. of the 2016 CHI Conference on in (CHI '16). ACM, 4884--4895. Digital Library2016. Nothing to Hide: of in an Online Community. of the 18th on Computers and Accessibility ('16). ACM, 219--227. Digital Library2017. People with : Feasibility and Challenges. of the 2017 CHI Conference on in (CHI '17). ACM, 5839--5849. Digital Library2000. Factors associated with assistive technology discontinuance among individuals with disabilities. Journal of Rehabilitation 66, no. 3 (2000): 44. 2017. Learning the Language: of Directions in Technologies for the Blind. of the 2016 on in (CHI EA '17). ACM, 2922--2928. Digital Library2011. In the shadow of misperception: assistive technology use and social interactions. of the on in (CHI '11). ACM, 705--714. Digital Library2016. SelfConscious or Self-Confident? A Conceptualizing the of Assistive Technology. ACM Trans. Access. Comput. 8, 2, 2005. Automatic sign detection and recognition in natural scenes. on and 2005. Library2012. An evaluation of BrailleTouch: mobile touchscreen text entry for the visually impaired. of the 14th international conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services (MobileHCI '12). ACM, 317--326. Digital Library2016. with Devices: and Opportunities. of the 18th on Computers and Accessibility ('16). , 171--180. Digital Library2016. Finding a store, searching for a product: a study of daily challenges of low vision people. of the 2016 on Pervasive and (UbiComp '16). 61--72. Digital Library2017. in of Children with Vision Impairments. of the 2017 Conference on Systems (DIS '17).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Stem cell research holds potential for regenerating damaged tissues and organs. [SEP] Text: This process entails co-culturing adherent and non-adherent marrow cells on fibronectin under low oxygen conditions (3%) [48]. Compared to human mesenchymal stem cells, which exhibit a typical fibroblastic morphology with few long and thin cellular processes, MIAMI cells appear smaller, with a more compact and rounded cytoplasm. The remarkable ability of MIAMI cells to differentiate into various lineages—mesodermal, ectodermal, and endodermal—makes them versatile for addressing diverse tissue regeneration needs. Surface marker analysis plays a key role in identifying and characterizing these cells. They express specific markers such as CD29, CD63, CD81, CD122, CD164, cMet, BMPR1B, and NTRK3, while significantly lacking expression of markers like CD34, CD36, CD45, cKit, and HLA-DR. This distinctive marker profile contributes to their unique identity. cells express typical embryonic stem cell markers such as Sox2, Nanog, Oct-4, and Rex-1, along with strong telomerase expression, indicating their pluripotent characteristics, despite exhibiting a rounded and compact morphology with a high nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio [47]. MIAMI cells isolated from various donors' bone marrow show consistently similar genetic expression, regardless of age and sex, and appear to share more proteins with human embryonic stem cells than with mesenchymal stem cells, but without the potential to form teratomas, as they have been demonstrated to be non-cancerogenic [48]. Additionally, the expression level of distinctive markers of MIAMI cells remains constant regardless of age and gender. Furthermore, although the proportion of MIAMI cells compared to the total marrow nucleated cells decreases from 0. 01% at the age of 3 to 0. 0018% at the age of 45, their overall number remains stable after the age of 45. Due to these characteristics, MIAMI cells are currently under investigation in various clinical applications, including tissue regeneration [49]. MIAMI cells express numerous markers similar to embryonic stem cells, they do not possess complete self-renewal capacity; however, they appear to respond to specific molecular signals in the right environmental conditions to induce self-renewal. This can be exploited to manipulate these cells to become more stable, maintain their pluripotency, and support their immunoregulatory properties for longer periods.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The majority of gene drive research is focused on controlling harmful species rather than enhancing beneficial ones. [SEP] Text: -19 PreprintsProtocolsVideosJournalsTools & a 10. 21203/rs. 3. rs-2627894/v1This work is licensed under a CC BY 4. 0 LicenseStatus:PostedVersion 1posted You are reading this latest preprint versionAbstractInvasive plant species (IPS) are considered one of the major drivers of biodiversity loss, altering ecosystem services and socio-economic conditions through different mechanisms. However, the ecological impacts of IPS are well documented, while a few benefits of alien species were also observed. Decisions need to be made on whether benefits derived from the invasive spread of an alien species outweigh the reduced value of ecosystem services, e. g. , the loss of grazing land. The present study was carried out in Gutwa village near the Cities, where the encroachment of invasive plants was in accelerated due to infrastructure and other anthropogenic activity. For the enumeration of invasive plant species (IPS) research site has been classified into three groups (1) G1 (infrastructure developed area); (2) G2 (developing; infrastructure is going on) and (3) G3 (undeveloped or natural vegetation dominant area). Field data has been collected from fifteen quadrats, each of 3m x3 m. Quantitative analysis has been done with standard methods. Statistically, the variance of all quadrats emphasizes the dispersions nature of alien species within the group of all quadrats. The opportunity for the accidental invasion of alien species may increase with rapid urbanization and globalization. Because of this, the present study attempted to the documentation of harmful and beneficial uses of the invasive alien plant species in the rural-urban gradient in Gutwa village. So, it is necessary to consider actions to deal with the current problems in Gutwa village in Ranchi caused by invasive species and to reduce the magnitude of the problem in the future. Management prospects can be further strengthened through their linkage with geospatial technologies (remote sensing and GIS) by mapping and monitoring the IPS spread. Anthropogenic disturbanceinvasive plants speciesbiodiversityencroachmenturbanizationFiguresFigure 1Figure 2Figure 3IntroductionThere has been a rise in interest in discussing biodiversity on regional, national, and international scales.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: ACM, 739--752. Digital Library2012. Helping visually impaired users properly aim a camera. of the 14th international conference on Computers and accessibility ('12). ACM, 95--102. Digital Library2013. "Pray before you step out": describing personal and situational blind navigation behaviors. of the 15th on Computers and Accessibility ('13). ACM, 2014. "just let the cane hit it": how the blind and sighted see navigation differently. of the 16th international conference on Computers & accessibility ('14), 217--224. Digital Library2011. AbilityBased Design: Concept, Principles and Examples. ACM Trans. Access. Comput. 3, 3, 2017. Disabilities. Last retrieved 06. 09. 2017 from Automatic Alt-text: Computer-generated for on a Service. of the 2017 ACM Conference on (CSCW '17). ACM, 1180--1192. Digital Library2011. Supporting spatial awareness and independent wayfinding for pedestrians with visual impairments. proceedings of the 13th international conference on Computers and accessibility ('11). ACM. Digital Library2006. Adaptive blind interaction technique for touchscreens. in the 4 (4), 328337. Library2017. Vision People's on Reality Glasses. of the 2017 CHI Conference on in (CHI '17). ACM, 4170--4181. Digital Library2016. of Technology-Mediated Sight. of the 18th on Computers and Accessibility ('16). ACM, 299--300. iii Library10. 1145/36410188:CSCW1(1-28)Online publication date: 26-Apr-2024 Don't ”: Individuals' Experiences of with Sighted PeopleProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on in Computing Systems10. 1145/3613904. 3642940(1-16)Online publication date: 11-May-2024 Supporters: Exploring the of to Support Face-to-Proceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on in Computing Systems10. 1145/3613904. 3642816(1-24)Online publication date: 11-May-2024 can do everything but see!

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Stem cell research holds potential for regenerating damaged tissues and organs. [SEP] Text: cells show rapid proliferation without signs of senescence, ensuring the maintenance of their differentiation potential during prolonged culture periods, which is crucial for scalability and potential clinical applications. MIAMI cells demonstrate migratory capabilities to damaged tissues and immunomodulatory capacity, suggesting their potential in tissue repair and immunomodulation [50, 51]. In therapeutic applications, MIAMI cells have shown promise in various pathologies, such as in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease (PVD). Studies using a murine model of critical limb ischemia have demonstrated that the combination of MIAMI cells with a bilayer electrospun gelatin B nanofiber construct (BIC) significantly improved limb recovery compared to single treatments [52]. This combined approach led to improved blood flow restoration, reduced ischemia and necrosis, and prevention of intermuscular adipose tissue infiltration (IMAT). However, further research and clinical studies are essential to unveil the full therapeutic potential of MIAMI cells and establish their role in treating a variety of diseases and conditions. Multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs)The multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) were first identified in human bone marrow and subsequently confirmed in animal models, such as mice and rats. MAPCs have demonstrated a remarkable ability to differentiate into a variety of cell lineages, including mesodermal, ectodermal, and endodermal lineages. These cells can be isolated from various tissue sources, including bone marrow, brain, muscle and bone tissue [53, 54]. However, isolating MAPCs from bone marrow has been one of the most common and widely studied methods to date. The process of isolating MAPCs from bone marrow involves several key steps that have been developed and optimized over the years. One distinctive feature of this process is the use of low-oxygen conditions, typically around 5%, during cell isolation. This hypoxic environment mimics the physiological conditions present in the bone marrow and promotes the maintenance of the unique properties of MAPCs. Once a critical mass of cells is reached in culture, MAPCs can then be selected using specific cell surface markers through flow cytometry techniques, allowing for the separation of MAPCs based on their expression of specific markers such as CD44, CD13, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD31, and CD49d [53].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The majority of gene drive research is focused on controlling harmful species rather than enhancing beneficial ones. [SEP] Text: , 2017; Carboni et al. , 2021). It has been shown by Williamson's "tens rule" that one in ten introduced species becomes established, and one in ten established species becomes a problem (Jaric et al. , 2019). Despite the fact that the number of woody plant invasions throughout the world is increasing, just 0. 5–0. 7% of the world's shrub and tree species are considered to be invasive outside their natural range. , Richardson and Rejmanek (2011). There are two possible roles that invasive species might play in the process of environmental change: "drivers" or "passengers"(Pysek et al. , 2020; Linders et al. , 2019; Waller et al. , 2018). If they are drivers, they dominate the native diversity with their unique traits and mechanisms, but if they are passengers, they dominate the region as a consequence of anthropogenic causes like disturbances or habitat degradation. Either way, they affect the native biodiversity (Roy et al. , 2019 Young et al. , 2017). They are sometimes perceived as good indicators of land use change or disturbance in a region (Pyšek et al. , 2020; Miserendino et al. , 2011). Invasion hotspots are mostly characterized by vegetation with less tree cover (Padalia and Bahuguna, 2017). that become invasive are considered to be main direct drivers of biodiversity loss across the globe (Jaureguiberry et al. , 2022). Management of Exotic alien Species (EAS) Invasion is seen as major challenge in the field of biodiversity conservation. EAS, threaten ecosystems, destroy habitats and create problems for other native species through invasion. It is believed to be the second most important factor contributing to the endangerment and extinction of species. The ecological cost is often the irretrievable loss of native species and ecosystems. It also causes heavy economic loss, in terms of reduced crop and livestock production, reduced native biodiversity, increased production costs, and so forth. Species (EIS) are species, native to one area or region, that have been introduced into an area outside their normal distribution, either by accident or on purpose, and which have colonized or invaded their new home, threatening biological diversity, ecosystems, and habitats, and human wellbeing (Dyer et al. , 2017; Kumari and Choudhary, 2016; Thapa and Maharjan, 2014).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: " -- with Negotiate their Abilities in Social ContextsHuman-centered computing Accessibility: Co-'15: Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on in In recent decades, great technological strides have been made toward enabling people who are blind to live independent, successful lives. However, there has been relatively little progress towards understanding the social, collaborative needs of this. . . Read MoreWork of Accessibility: Accessibility in Mixed-'15: Proceedings of the 17th on Computers & the past century, people who are blind and their allies have developed successful public policies and technologies in support of creating more accessible workplaces. However, simply creating accessible technologies does not guarantee that these. . . Read MoreThe role of DAISY digital talking books in the education of individuals with blindness: A pilot study The present study is characterized as pilot and investigates the impact that different aural renderings have on blind individuals' comprehension. In specific, the present research attempts to compare the effective or active listening of participants. . . enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus. Information & '18: Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on in Computing SystemsApril 20188489 pagesISBN:9781450356206DOI:10. 1145/3173574General Chairs: Regan MandrykUniversity of Saskatchewan, Canada,Mark HancockUniversity of Waterloo, Canada,Program Chairs: © 2018 ACM. Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]. : on Computer-Human InteractionPublisherAssociation for : 21 April 2018PermissionsRequest permissions for this 10. 1145/36410188:CSCW1(1-28)Online publication date: 26-Apr-2024 Don't ”: Individuals' Experiences of with Sighted PeopleProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on in Computing Systems10. 1145/3613904.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Stem cell research holds potential for regenerating damaged tissues and organs. [SEP] Text: Despite MAPCs may be present in a population of MSCs, the crucial points that define MAPCs compared to MSCs essentially lie in their different origins, not only mesodermal, and surface marker expressions. These differences define distinct potentials, such as a broader differentiative capacity, a more pronounced immunomodulatory capacity, and better performance in cell therapy. One of the most remarkable features of MAPCs is their ability to surpass the differentiation potential of traditional MSCs, which are also frequently used in the field of regenerative medicine. Therefore, not only do they possess the ability to differentiate into a variety of cell types, like MSCs, but they also exhibit exceptional plasticity and adaptability, allowing them to cross lineage barriers more completely and efficiently. MAPCs demonstrate immunomodulatory properties that go beyond those of MSCs. They can modulate immune responses, playing a role in regulating inflammation and promoting a favorable environment for tissue healing. This immunomodulatory behavior of MAPCs makes them particularly interesting for application as universal donors, as they can be transplanted into patients without the risk of immunological rejection. The option to use MAPCs as universal donors is highly appealing in regenerative medicine, as it reduces the need to find a matching donor and the risk of tissue compatibility complications. The clinical applications of multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) are extremely broad and promising, with various pieces of evidence confirming their efficacy in crucial therapeutic contexts. One of the most interesting aspects is the use of MAPC secretome, known as MAPC-conditioned medium (MAPC-CM), as a therapeutic agent for wound healing. This secretome contains a rich mixture of growth factors, cytokines, and other bioactive molecules that influence a series of key processes in tissue repair. Studies conducted on animal models with excisional wounds have shown that the application of MAPC-CM can promote cell migration, stimulate cell proliferation, promote collagen deposition, and enhance the formation of new blood vessels, known as angiogenesis. These combined effects contribute to the rapid and effective healing of damaged tissues. Furthermore, clinical studies have demonstrated that MAPCs can have a significant impact on reducing myocardial scars in patients who have suffered from a myocardial infarction [55]. This is particularly relevant considering that myocardial scars can compromise long-term cardiac function and increase the risk of cardiovascular complications.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The majority of gene drive research is focused on controlling harmful species rather than enhancing beneficial ones. [SEP] Text: Bioinvasions often result in altered community structure, and invasive plants may affect the faunal composition as well, especially those that are specialists by causing complete exclusion of their food plants from the invaded region (Renault, et al. , 2022; Chakraborty, 2019; Dar et al. , 2019). Alien species causing disturbances in the water and nitrogen cycles (Eviner et al. , 2012; Everard et al. , 2010), transform non-fire-prone areas into fire-prone (He et al. , 2019; Vaz et al. 2017; Pausas and Keeley, 2014). They alter the characteristics of the soil through the emission of allelochemicals and the competition for available nutrients. However, the beneficial use of IPS has been studied by various researchers (Liu et al. , 2017; Jauni et al. , 2015). For example, Sandilyan and Klooster (2016) drew attention to the potential health benefits of invading alien plant species. Foreign invaders plant species frequently help local people maintain their standard of living and provide for their families (Rai and Scarborough. , 2015; Vaz et al. 2017). They also provide a positive contribution to the function of the ecosystem by luring in pollinators and dispersion agents, both of which help to increase the biodiversity of the surrounding area and region and safeguard the soil and coastal sediment. (Vaz et al. 2017), in addition to contributing to the maintenance of various ecosystem services beyond the primary reason they were first planted (such as the provision of fuelwood, horticultural benefits, etc. ). Invasive non-native species have the potential to aid in the rehabilitation of damaged forest area (Jacobs et al. , 2015) and enhance carbon sequestration (Dickie et al. 2014; Vaz et al. 2017). In India, some of the alien species (L. camara) are known for their current and potential benefits: soil management, ethnomedicine, insecticide preparation (Uyi et al. , 2019; Pathak et al. , 2019; Dar et al. 2019), avoiding desertification and ensuring a steady supply of firewood (e. g. , Eucalyptus, Prosopis juliflora) (Al-Assaf et al. , 2019, Dar et al. , 2019) and water effluent treatment (e. g.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: Result of results found for within Back to results 24603037 Export as PDF Is it possible to complete a large study to see whether using a cough device in ICU can help remove breathing support in ICU patients? Share on on on Submission date 03/05/2022 Registration date 16/05/2022 Last edited 18/09/2023 Recruitment status No longer recruiting Overall study status category registered analysis plan participant data Record updated in last year and study aimsUnit (ICU) patients often require breathing support from a machine and breathing tube. Most adults are successfully removed from this support (extubation). However, 10-20% of patients are unable to breathe by themselves after tube removal and it needs to be put back in. One main reason for this is because patients are unable to cough well enough to clear mucus from their airway. This can lead to worse patient outcomes, including increased length of hospital stay and risk of death. To help with successful extubation, physiotherapists can use a device to help patients cough and clear phlegm. The cough device works by blowing air into the patients lungs followed by quickly sucking it out. This device can be used before and after extubation. The cough device has only recently been used in ICU and there are no studies exploring patients and healthcare professional’s experiences of its use. The aim is to find out if it is possible to complete a large study to see whether using a cough device in ICU can help remove breathing support in ICU patients. Who can participate? Patients aged 16 years or above, who have been receiving mechanical ventilation. What does the study involve? Stage 1: A small (50 participants), single site study. The study will tell us whether it is possible to recruit patients and whether they remain in the study. It will also look at the safety of the cough device (most safety data is from other hospital settings). Permission (consent) for the study will likely be from family members or healthcare professional as patients will still be using the breathing machine when they join the study. Patients will be asked for consent for ongoing study participation once they are able. Stage 2: Interviews with patients/clinicians involved in the study will seek experiences of using the cough device. Separate patient consent will be sought. Clinicians will be specifically approached for inclusion. What are the possible benefits and risks of participating?

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Stem cell research holds potential for regenerating damaged tissues and organs. [SEP] Text: MAPCs, due to their ability to differentiate into cardiac cells and their modulating effect on the surrounding microenvironment, can contribute to the regeneration of damaged cardiac tissue and the reduction of scars, thereby improving cardiac function and reducing the risk of complications. In the context of stroke recovery, the study has highlighted that MAPCs, particularly the Multistem type, can offer significant benefits if administered early within the first 36 h after the stroke [55]. This underscores the crucial importance of optimized timing in stem cell therapies. MAPCs can act by reducing inflammation, promoting the regeneration of damaged brain tissues, and improving neurological function, thereby contributing to the recovery process after a stroke. Transcriptomic analyses have also been performed, providing important insights into the differences in differentiation potential between MAPCs and traditional MSCs [56]. These analyses have revealed that MAPCs show a greater inclination towards endothelial differentiation, namely the formation of cells that comprise blood and lymphatic vessels. This characteristic has been supported by in vitro experiments, such as Matrigel plug tests, which simulate the formation of blood vessels in a three-dimensional environment. MAPCs thus appear to express genes that are involved in angiogenesis, the process through which new blood vessels are formed from pre-existing ones, promoting tissue growth and repair [57, 58]. On the other hand, MSCs seem to show a greater propensity towards differentiation into cartilage (chondrogenic) and bone (osteogenic) tissue cells. In summary, transcriptomic analyses have highlighted that MAPCs and MSCs present significant differences in their differentiation potential, with the former showing a greater inclination towards blood vessel formation and the latter towards the formation of cartilage and bone tissues. These differences can have crucial implications in the context of regenerative medicine, allowing for the targeted use of each cell type based on the specific needs of the patient and the pathological condition to be treated. In conclusion, MAPCs exhibit exceptional characteristics that make them valuable in regenerative medicine. Their ability to differentiate into a wide range of cell lineages, together with their immunomodulatory properties and distinct transcriptomic profiles, makes them versatile players in the treatment of a variety of pathologies. Research efforts continue to fully explore and exploit the therapeutic potential of MAPCs, with the aim of improving the health and quality of life of patients suffering from chronic diseases and severe injuries.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Gene drives are still in the experimental stage, with concerns about their ecological impact if released into the wild. [SEP] Text: However, it is important to note that even if a reversal drive were to reach all members of the population, any ecological changes caused in the interim would not necessarily be reversed. Immunization RNA-guided gene drives could be used to block the spread of other gene drives. For example, an ‘immunizing’ drive could prevent a specific unwanted drive from being copied by recoding sequences targeted by the unwanted drive (Figure 5A). This could be done preemptively or reactively and would spread on a timescale comparable to that of the unwanted drive. A combined ‘immunizing reversal’ drive might spread through both wild-type individuals and those affected by an earlier gene drive, converting both types to a recoded version that could not be invaded by the unwanted drive (Figure 5B). This may represent the fastest method of neutralizing an already-released drive. As with a standard reversal drive, any ecological changes caused in the interim would not necessarily be reversed. Precisely targeting subpopulations RNA-guided gene drives might be confined to a single genetically distinct target species or even a subpopulation by targeting unique genes or sequence polymorphisms. Because these ‘precision drives’ will only cut the unique sequence, they will not be able to spread through non-target populations as long as that sequence is sufficiently distinct. We estimate that either the PAM or at least five base pairs of the spacer must differ within each target site in order to prevent the guide RNAs in the drive from evolving to recognize the equivalent non-target sequence (Fu et al. , 2013; Hsu et al. , 2013; Mali et al. , 2013a; Pattanayak et al. , 2013). Populations that are not genetically distinct but experience only intermittent gene flow, such as those on islands, might be given a unique sequence permitting them to be specifically targeted by precision drives later on. For example, releasing into the island population would recode a target gene, but exhibit no other effect (Figure 5A). B, a precision drive which would exclusively spread through but not the wild-type allele, would similarly replace with a unique sequence. So long as does not escape the island before being replaced, the unique sequence in the island population would allow it to be targeted with future precision drives that could not spread through mainland populations (Figure 5C). Limiting population suppression Population suppression may be one of the most powerful applications of gene drives.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: It is not known whether the cough device will help patients in the trial, but the trial and patient interviews will provide information which could enable patients to benefit in the future. We do not foresee or anticipate any significant risk to you in taking part in this project. Reported unwanted side effects from using the cough device are extremely rare and include short term changes to your blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen levels. Your tolerance of the device will be monitored throughout by bedside clinicians. If, however, you feel uncomfortable at any time you can ask for the treatment to stop. If you need any support during or after the interview then the researchers will be able to put you in touch with suitable support agencies. The project team are experienced in conducting interviews, which have been designed by a team of people with expertise in the subject area. Where is the study run from? Bristol and (UK)When is the study starting and how long is it expected to run for? September 2020 to December 2023Who is funding the study? for Health and (NIHR) (UK). Who is the main contact? Ema Swingwood, ema. swingwood@uwe. ac. uk Study website Contact information Contact name Contact details A804 2 8HW +44 117 3282232 ema. swingwood@uwe. ac. uk Additional identifiers EudraCT/CTIS number Nil known IRAS number 303674 ClinicalTrials. gov number Nil known Secondary identifying numbers CPMS 52178, NIHR300504, IRAS 303674 Study information Scientific title A feasibility study examining the use of Exsufflation to promote extubation success in adult intensive care hypothesis To find out if it is possible to complete a large study to see whether using a cough device in ICU can help remove breathing support in ICU patients. Ethics approval(s) Approved 11/04/2022, Committee (upon Tyne, NE2 4NQ, UK; +44 2071048083; bradfordleeds. rec@hra. nhs. uk), ref: 22/YH/0042 Study design Interventional randomized controlled trial Primary study design study design Randomised controlled trial Study setting(s) type information sheet Not available in web format, please use the contact details to request a patient information sheet.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Stem cell research holds potential for regenerating damaged tissues and organs. [SEP] Text: Small blood stem cells (SBSCs)Identified in human peripheral blood, (SBSCs), as reported by Filidou et al. [44], exhibit specific characteristics and differentiation potential, solidifying their significance in the landscape of stem cell biology. SBSCs showed bulk in vitro trilineage differentiation as demonstrated by RT-qPCR and ICC, while specific details about clonal in vitro trilineage differentiation and bulk in vivo differentiation are not provided (Table 1, Fig. 1). The population of SBSCs is distinguished by its unique expression profile, encompassing pluripotent embryonic markers, hematopoietic markers, and mesenchymal markers. This heterogeneity suggests a multifaceted nature of SBSCs, contributing to their potential in various biological processes. Notable markers and factors associated with SBSCs encompass pluripotent and embryonic markers, exemplified by the expression of -3, SSEA-4 and CXCR4 highlighting their potential for multilineage differentiation. SBSCs exhibit a distinctive co-expression of hematopoietic markers (CD45) and mesenchymal markers (CD90, CD29, CD105, PTH1R), suggesting their association with both blood cell development and mesenchymal lineage differentiation (Table 1). Quantitative proteomic profiling of SBSCs has identified diverse stem cell markers, including CD9, ITGA6, MAPK1, MTHFD1, STAT3, HSPB1, and HSPA4, enriching the understanding of their molecular composition (Fig. 1). Moreover, SBSCs harbor transcriptional regulatory complex factors like STAT51, ANXA2, ATF6, and CAMK1, contributing to their regulatory capabilities. This comprehensive expression profile underscores the heterogeneity and versatility of SBSCs, positioning them as a unique subset of stem cells with the potential to play a pivotal role in diverse biological processes. The isolation of SBSCs involves a protocol with serial centrifugation, facilitating their separation and collection from peripheral blood [45]. Specific details about the immunomodulatory capacity of SBSCs are not provided, highlighting avenues for further exploration to comprehensively understand their therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine. This characterization emphasizes the importance of various attributes for the evaluation and potential application of these stem cell populations.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Gene drives are still in the experimental stage, with concerns about their ecological impact if released into the wild. [SEP] Text: Resolutions are approximations only and will vary with the specific drive utilized in each class. Temporal approaches to controlling populations would deliberately limit the lifetime of a suppression drive by rendering its effects evolutionarily unstable (Figure 6). For example, a male-determining or female-specific sterility gene carried by a standard drive on an autosome would suppress the target population, but the effect would be short-lived because any drive that acquired a loss-of-function mutation in the cargo gene would be strongly favored by natural selection due to its ability to produce fertile female offspring. Notably, turning existing female-specific sterility lines (Fu et al. , 2010; Labbe et al. , 2012; Alphey, 2014) into unstable drives may increase their effectiveness. Periodically releasing organisms carrying new unstable drives that are capable of replacing earlier broken versions could extend the suppression effect. Genetic approaches to population control might initiate suppression only when two distinct ‘interacting drives’ encounter one another (Figure 6). For example, a cross between standard drives A and B might produce sterile females and fertile males that pass on the ‘sterile-daughter’ trait when crossed with females of any type. Scattering A- and B-carrying individuals throughout an existing population would produce many tiny pockets dominated by either A or B and very few organisms in between due to the infertility of AB females. Because each drive would spread from a small number of initially released individuals scattered over a wide area, this strategy may be capable of large-scale population suppression, but its effectiveness and resolution will depend on the average distance between released A and B individuals. Further suppressing the residual A and B populations could be accomplished by releasing only members of the opposite drive type. Modeling studies will be needed to determine whether this possibility is feasible for different species. Interestingly, the use of this drive type would effectively induce speciation in the affected population. Finally, immunizing drives might protect specific subpopulations from the effects of full-scale suppression drives released elsewhere (Figure 6). Assuming some degree of gene flow, the immunized population will eventually replace the suppressed population, though this might be delayed if crossing the two drives generates a sterile-daughter effect as described above. Due to the comparatively uncontrolled spread of both drive types through the wild-type population, this method would only be suited to large geographic areas or subpopulations with limited gene flow.

Output: contrast