Input: Claim: Telehealth services have become increasingly popular, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. [SEP] Text: [A41] ’ Telemedicine in patients with haematological diseases during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: selection criteria and patients’ satisfaction. Haematol 2021;192(2):e48-51. [A42] Evaluation of patient satisfaction with an ophthalmology video consultation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ophthalmologe 2020;117(7):659-67. [A43] Clark SG, Bradley M. 32 Patient satisfaction with urogynecology telemedicine office visits during the COVID-19 pandemic. 2021;224(6 Supplement):S764-5. [A44] Ambulatory neurosurgery in the COVID-19 era: patient and provider satisfaction with telemedicine. 2020;49(6):E13. [A45] Are telephone consultations the future of the NHS? : the outcomes and experiences of an NHS urological service in moving to telemedicine. J 2021;8(1):e15-20. [A46] Comparison of patient satisfaction between virtual visits during the COVID-19 pandemic and in-person visits pre-pandemic. 2021;130(7):810-7. [A47] Implications for telemedicine for surgery patients after COVID-19: survey of patient and provider experiences. 2020;86(8):907-15. [A48]. Oral and maxillofacial surgery patient satisfaction with telephone consultations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Surg 2021;59(3):335-40. [A49]. Outcomes of a virtual craniofacial clinic for assessing plagiocephaly during the COVID-19 pandemic. J 2021;28(5):497-501. [A50] Patient and provider satisfaction with telemedicine in otolaryngology. OTO Open 2021;5(1):2473974X20981838. [A51] Patient satisfaction scores with telemedicine in the neurosurgical population. Neurosurg 2021;205:106605. [A52] Patient satisfaction with neurosurgery telemedicine visits during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: a prospective cohort study. 2021;145:e184-91.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Virtual reality will completely replace traditional education methods. [SEP] Text: Thus, a part of the public and some experts changed their minds significantly and declared that technology is useless [1, 3]. Advertisement 2. Definition and principles of virtual realityTo make the concept and principle of virtual reality clear, at the very beginning it is necessary to clarify the concept of perception. Perception is the process in which man collects and interprets information about the world around oneself. Senses and the brain participate in the process of perception. There are two kinds of senses—external and internal. External detect phenomena outside the body, and the inner detect the phenomena within the organism (hunger, fatigue, pain, thirst, etc. ). The external senses can be divided into remote (heat, eyesight, hearing) and contact (smell, touch, taste). When it comes to virtual reality, only systems that affect the remote senses are well developed, though systems that affect the contact senses will gradually evolve in the future. Senses transfer information from the environment, while the brain interprets received information. Beside the senses, the perception is also influenced by experience, knowledge, emotion, and motivation. In order “to cheat” the system of perception, the basic idea is that the real stimuli received by the senses should be replaced by artificially generated stimuli. In this way, the real environment can be replaced by apparent environment. As a result, it appears that the system of perception creates the impression of the presence of people in the apparent, nonexistent environment. Virtual reality is a computer-created sensory experience that allows the user to believe in the apparent reality. The user is then either completely surrounded by these virtual world or partially included by listening and watching virtual reality applications. Virtual reality is a collection of technologies that “inserts” users in a virtual environment. Ideally the user’s senses detect only virtual stimuli produced by a computer, and user’s movements are directly entered in the computer. Virtual environments are based on objects defined in the computer’s memory in such a way that a computer can later be attached to these items on the screen with the possibility of interaction. By combining the elements of the unreal (imaginary) environment and the real environment (which can also be remoted), the user creates a feeling of presence in a virtual environment. This is illustrated in Figure 1. Figure 1. The principle of virtual reality. The following figure shows the basic principle of virtual reality.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: ) 15La présence de chaînes autour du bras des adversaires peut faire penser au poids que représentent les autorités (voir note 26), empêchant les oisillons – la nouvelle génération – de voler de leurs propres ailes. Ces jeunes gens ne se battent pas par haine : ils sont victimes d’une histoire que leur famille leur impose, d’un passé que les figures dirigeantes ne semblent pas pouvoir contrôler. La figure du prince est tournée en dérision dès le début de la représentation. Même s’il est grand et qu’il porte un imposant costume jaune31, Mercutio se moque de lui en l’imitant lorsqu’il entre en scène habillé en femme et répète les mots du prince, ce qui a pour effet de déclencher le rire des personnes assistant à cette parodie. Après la mort de Roméo et Juliette, le prince avoue qu’il a manqué à son rôle et demande à être sacrifié. Yong Lee, agent de la compagnie théâtrale Company et acteur qui campe le rôle du prince, cette figure prend de la place sur scène afin de combler son manque d’autorité32. Il est tel un épouvantail : visuellement impressionnant mais impuissant. 33 Simon Buia, op. cit. , 34 Transcription de la représentation de Roméo et Juliette (2006), op. cit. , p. 17. 35 Shakespeare, Craiova, op. cit. , (. . . ) 36 et Richard Rutt, Korea: A Historical and Cultural Dictionary, Londres et New York, Rout (. . . ) 16et ne sont que rarement sur scène, et la nourrice est quant à elle un piètre soutien pour la jeune Capulet.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Telehealth services have become increasingly popular, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. [SEP] Text: -19 PreprintsProtocolsVideosJournalsTools & a 10. 21203/rs. 3. rs-1746554/v1This work is licensed under a CC BY 4. 0 LicenseStatus:PostedVersion 1posted You are reading this latest preprint version-19 pandemic has changed HIV outpatient care. Patients (pts) were transitioned from in-person (IN-P) visits to telehealth (TELE) encounters. We sought to evaluate the impact of TELE on HIV infected pts during the pandemic period (COV) and compare it to the pre-pandemic (pre-COV) care. MethodsA retrospective study in an outpatient HIV clinic. Two periods were defined: Pre-COV 3/16/2019 - 3/15/2020 and COV 3/16/2020- 3/15/2021. Data was collected on demographics, lab values and physician encounters. ResultsA total of 1136 pts were seen over 2 years, mean age 51. 6 years. During pre-COV, 530 pts were seen IN-P and 606 pts had encounters during COV, of them 50. 2% had exclusive TELE visits. The percentage of pts with CD4 > 200/µL and those with undetectable HIV VL at first and last encounter were compared between the two study periods. During pre-COV, there was no difference in the percent pts with CD4 > 200/µL (B90. 5% vs. 94. 3%, p=. 87) or HIV VL (88. 5% vs. 90. 3%, p=0. 41) but during COV there was significant difference in CD4 (90. 3% vs. 94. 2%, p=0. 03) and HIV VL (87% vs. 93%, p=0. 002). More new pts were seen and less changes to ART regimens were done during COV (8. 6%vs 7 p=0. 26) and (19% to 29%, p=0. 32) respectively. ConclusionsIn our clinic, transitioning to TELE resulted in larger number of encounters and more new pts entered care; CD4 and HIV viral load improvements were seen. TELE is an effective platform for HIV out patient care.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All students learn better with virtual reality than with traditional techniques. [SEP] Text: These aspects are known to influence self-efficacy positively (Bandura, 1995) and therefore may mediate the positive impact of IVR on self-efficacy. However, this study has not focused on these variables, and future studies should consider their relationship with self-efficacy and learning in IVR video contexts. Given that the students have never experienced IVR videos in the classroom, the novelty effect of IVR may be positively associated with self-efficacy. In addition, more attention was given to the students in the IVR condition. The researchers spent a few minutes before each session explaining to participants how to use the VR headset and help them put the headset on. This procedure could have impacted their feelings of appreciation. As physiological states are one of the sources of self-efficacy (Bandura, 1997), those factors may have positively influenced students’ physiological states, which could have been associated with their self-efficacy perception. These possibilities should be considered in future research. The models investigating the effects of treatment on learning (RQ1) showed no significant effect of condition on any variable assessing learning, multiple-choice assessment: F(1, 49) = 0. 03, p =. 855, ηp2 < 0. 01, 90% CI [0, 0. 04]; knowledge understanding: F(1, 49) = 0. 06, p =. 814, ηp2 = 0. 001, 90% CI [0, 0. 05]; knowledge application: F(1, 49) = 0. 01, p =. 915, ηp2 < 0. 001, 90% CI [0, 0. 02]; or knowledge creation: F(1, 49) = 0. 07, p =. 797, ηp2 = 0. 001, 90% CI [0, 0. 05]. This finding suggests that more immersion did not lead to better learning in this experiment and corroborates previous studies that compared conceptual learning outcomes between IVR videos and desktops and found no significant difference in learning between these media (Harrington et al. , 2018). Experiment 2In the second experiment, the sample was enlarged, with 139 participants from sixth to eightth grades in the same school in Experiment 1. A matched random assignment (Cozby et al. , 1977) was used to avoid significant differences between conditions at pretest.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: Non seulement elle pleure et doit être réconfortée par Juliette lorsqu’elle apprend la disparition de Tybalt, mais son penchant pour l’alcool ne fait pas d’elle une personne digne de confiance pour élever une adolescente33. De plus, elle est appelée « » (« red kite34 ») et tient un oiseau empaillé lors de son entrée en scène au début de la représentation35. La référence à ce rapace diurne, en plus du kimono rouge que la nourrice porte et qui donne l’impression qu’elle vole sur scène, peut faire penser à chujak-ki, ou l’oiseau rouge du sud. Cette créature mythique ne présage rien de bon car elle était présente sur les drapeaux coréens au XXe siècle en temps de guerre36. 37 Entretien lors de la conférence d’ESRA (Research Association) « Viewing & Revi (. . . ) 17Qu’elles soient féminines ou masculines, les figures qui représentent l’autorité et le monde des adultes n’agissent pas pour arrêter le conflit historique entre les deux clans. Ces deux clans peuvent évoquer la situation en Corée : cette nation fut scindée en deux à la fin de la Mondiale et le conflit armé qui opposa la Corée du Nord et celle du Sud (1950-1953) ne permit aucune réunification du territoire. Les relations intercoréennes sont en effet chères à Oh Tae-Suk, mais le metteur en scène semble également mener une réflexion plus globale sur les antagonismes présents dans les diverses parties du monde.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Telehealth services have become increasingly popular, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. [SEP] Text: FiguresFigure 1-19 pandemic has changed the practice of medicine and disrupted normal healthcare practices especially in the outpatient setting. In the past, patients(pts) living with HIV (PLWH) received their care by mostly IN-P, as the COVID–19 pandemic unfolded, outpatient management of PLWH needed to adapt to the new reality of stay at home mandates and the fear of contagion. A transition to alternative modes of care such as telemedicine (TELE), defined as remote electronic health care services including video interactions, telephone communication and asynchronous messaging, were implemented in many clinics. Bill 6074, allowed the department of Health and to waive certain TELE restrictions, facilitated transition to TELE and this was coupled with emergency declaration waivers from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. (1, 2) Our HIV outpatient clinic is located at in Newark NJ, a tertiary care teaching hospital. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, all our patients were seen as IN-P every 3 to 4 months, every patient was seen by an infectious diseases physician, and by multidisciplinary care team that included a social worker, drug counselor, nutritionist and a psychologist as necessary. When the COVID-19 pandemic started, care in our clinic was transitioned to TELE and as the time went on some in person (IN-P) visits were resumed. The goal of this study was to review our experience with TELE. MethodsThe study was conducted in a 680-bed tertiary care teaching hospital. This was a retrospective review. IRB approval with exemption of informed consent was obtained. The study period was from 3/16/2019 to 3/15/2021. Two study periods were defined based on time periods: pre-COVID (pre-COV) 3/16/2019 -3/15/2020; COVID (COV) 3/16/2020 -3/15/2021. Data was collected for demographics, HIV infection risk, number of new pts enrolled in the clinic during each study period, number and type of encounters (either IN-P or TELE). Unduplicated pts with \(\ge\) 1 visit were included independent of the number of times the pt was seen during that period. Diseases physician conducted all TELE encounters via telephone communication. Pts’ lab work was reviewed on a computer screen in real time during the TELE encounter.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All students learn better with virtual reality than with traditional techniques. [SEP] Text: 840; d = 0. 03, 95% CI [−0. 30, 0. 37]. Table 4Means and at Pretest, t-Between Conditions, and 95% ’s dLLULMultiple-choice0. 410. 20. 40. 20. 340. 7350. 06−0. 280. 39Self-efficacy3. 920. 463. 830. 421. 190. 2350. 2−0. 130. 54Learning agency3. 550. 493. 560. 5−0. 150. 882−0. 03−0. 360. 31Note. IVR = immersive virtual reality; CI = confidence interval; SD = standard deviation; LL = lower limit; UL = upper limit. A significant difference between conditions was found for presence at postfirst, t(130. 87) = −11. 01, p <. 001, d = −1. 88, 95% CI [−2. 28, −1. 48], and postsecond, t(112. 95) = −13. 705, p <. 001, d = −2. 37, 95% CI [−2. 80, −1. 93], with participants in the IVR condition reporting higher feelings of presence than participants in the desktop condition after treatment. These results indicate that the treatment manipulation was successful. No significant effect of the condition was found on self-efficacy at postfirst, F(1, 129) = 2. 37, p =. 126, ηp2 = 0. 02, 90% CI [0, 0. 07], and postsecond, F(1, 129) = 0. 01, p =. 757, ηp2 < 0. 001, 90% CI [0, 0. 3], thus not supporting H1. Bernacki et al. (2015) investigated the stability and change of high school students’ self-efficacy during learning math, measuring self-efficacy four times while students were solving math problems. They found that self-efficacy varied over the course of the learning task. Their results showed that compared to the first self-efficacy measure taken, participants reported higher self-efficacy at the second time measured but lower at the third and fourth time measured, which is aligned with our findings. Bandura (1986) stated that learners perceive their efficacy based on past evidence of their performance completing a task.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: L’agent de la compagnie théâtrale fait part de la dimension universelle qu’Oh Tae-Suk a développée ces dernières années. Il explique que les individus, malgré leur différence physique, sont tous semblables dans la mesure où ils aspirent à la paix37. Les dernières minutes de la mise en scène peuvent d’ailleurs laisser entrevoir une lueur d’espoir pour cette conciliation tant désirée. S’envoler vers de nouveaux horizons : espoir universel et international Quand les murs tremblent 38 Shakespeare, Craiova, op. cit. , (. . . ) 18Il semble donc que l’adaptation de Roméo et Juliette par Oh Tae-Suk puisse être interprétée comme une reconnaissance universelle de l’échec des autorités à imposer ou construire une paix pour les nouvelles générations. L’évolution des représentations de son Roméo et Juliette montre bien que le metteur en scène a cherché à faire passer un message au-delà de la Corée. Les premières représentations (fin des années 1990) restaient très proches du texte de Shakespeare. En 2001, plusieurs éléments de la culture coréenne ont été ajoutés et à partir de 2013, la fin de la mise en scène a été altérée de manière drastique.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Telehealth services have become increasingly popular, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. [SEP] Text: 4%), 179 (34%) had 2 visits, 183 (35%) had 3 visits, 91(17%) had 4 visits, 5 (0. 9%) had 5 visits and one patient (0. 2%) had 6 visits. Median number of patient encounters was 3. The clinic accepted 36(7%) new patients. (Table 2) the COV period, 606 unduplicated pts had at least one physician encounters, of these 304 (50. 2%) were TELE encounters, 89(14. 7%) IN-P, and 213(35%) had a combination of both TELE and IN-P (Figure 1); 127 (21%) pts had a single encounter, 178 (29%) had 2 encounters, 200 (33%) had 3 encounters, 95(16%) had 4 encounters and 6 (1%) had 5 encounters. Median number of encounters was 2. Twenty-five clinic pts who missed appointments and were not seen during the pre-COV period had an encounter during the COV period. During COV 52(8. 6%) new patients entered care compared to 36(7%) in the pre-COV (p=0. 26). (Table 2) Pre- COV period: CD4 and the pre-COV period, 373/ 530 (70. 3%) pts had their CD4 count and HIV VL measured at first and last encounter; median CD4 value at the first visit was 623µL (Range 5-2105) and 662µL (Range 8-2438) at the last visit. CD4 >200/µL at first visit was seen in 353/373(95%) and in 352/373 (94. 3%) at the last encounter (p=. 87). HIV VL was undetectable in 330/373 (88. 5%) at the first encounter and in 337/373(90. 3%) at last encounter. (p=0. 41). [Table 3a] COV Period: CD4 and period, 445/606 (73. 4%) pts had CD4 measured at first and last encounters, median CD4 at the first encounter was 617µL (Range 3-2486) and 627µL (Range 412-850) at the last encounter. CD4 count ≥ 200/µL at first encounter was seen in 402 (90.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All students learn better with virtual reality than with traditional techniques. [SEP] Text: We speculate that their overall self-efficacy perception influenced participants’ self-efficacy scores at pretest. However, after treatment sessions 1 and 2, self-efficacy could have been influenced by their performance in the learning assessments, given that they answered the self-efficacy questionnaire after answering the learning assessment. Also, they could have compared their answers at pretest and the videos’ information and realized possible mistakes made at pretest, contributing to a decrease in self-efficacy after the treatment sessions. The models investigating the immediate effects of treatment on learning (RQ1) showed no condition effects on the multiple-choice assessment at postfirst or postsecond, postfirst: F(1, 133) = 0. 10, p =. 758, ηp2 < 0. 001, 90% CI [0, 0. 03], postsecond: F(1, 133) = 0. 25, p =. 617, ηp2 < 0. 001, 90% CI [0, 0. 02]. The analyses on each cognitive process revealed a significant effect of condition on knowledge creation at postsecond, F(1, 133) = 17. 15, p <. 001, ηp2 = 0. 05, 90% CI [0. 01, 0. 13]. Post hoc power analysis showed that this test achieved 0. 77 power. This is a novel finding in the VR research field and corroborates Bell and Fogler’s (1995) theoretical statement that virtual reality can address higher cognitive levels of learning, such as analysis and evaluation. Also, because IVR videos are less distracting and involve less cognitive load to interact with than CG-based IVR experiences, it may set cognitive capabilities free that enhance higher cognitive levels and support conceptual learning. Although there were no effects of the condition on self-efficacy, we followed Rucker et al. ’s (2011) recommendations to run the mediation analysis if a relationship is of research interest. Causal mediation analysis using nonparametric bootstrap confidence intervals with the percentile method was run over postfirst and postsecond scores, with the condition as the independent variable, learning agency as the mediator, and self-efficacy as the outcome, and learning as a control. Results showed that learning agency mediated the relationship between condition and self-efficacy, average causal mediation effects; ACME = 0. 031, p =.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: En effet, ce ne sont plus seulement les deux amants qui meurent, mais tous les personnages sur scène38, montrant ainsi combien il est important de régler les conflits passés car leur impact ne se fait pas seulement ressentir sur un petit nombre d’individus, mais sur la société toute entière. 39 Entretien filmé par lors de la conférence d’ESRA ((. . . ) 40 La destruction du mur a été ajoutée quelques semaines seulement après l’élection présidentielle aux (. . . ) 19En 2017, un nouvel élément est également apparu : le mur en papier mâché qui constitue les enceintes de la ville sur scène est détruit. Ce mur a une fonction symbolique forte pour Oh Tae-Suk : rapportant les paroles de ce dernier, les acteurs de Company expliquent que Tae-Suk a envié les Allemands en 1989 lorsque le mur de Berlin a été démoli, permettant ainsi à de nombreuses familles de retrouver un être cher. Alors qu’il était enfant, le metteur en scène est rentré chez lui un soir pour découvrir que son père avait été enlevé et déporté en Corée du Nord. Il n’a plus jamais revu ce dernier, et la situation en Allemagne en 1989 l’a donc énormément touché.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Telehealth services have become increasingly popular, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. [SEP] Text: 3%) and in 419(94. 2%) at the last visit had (p=0. 03); HIV Viral load was measured at first and last encounters in 448/606(73. 9%) pts. HIV VL was undetectable in 389(87%) at the first visit and in 417(93%) at the last visit (p=0. 002) [Table 3b] During COV there were less changes to ART regimens compared to pre-COV 116 (19%) compared to 153(29%)] (p=0. 32). Significantly higher percentage of pts had CD4 >200µL during the first visit in pre-COV period compared to COV [353/373 (95%) vs. 402/445 (90. 3%), p=0. 02]. However, no statistical difference was noted by last visit (352/373 (94. 3 %), 419/445 (94. 2%), p=0. 89). (Table 4) There was no significant difference in percent of patients with undetectable HIV VL in the first visit [330/373 (88. 5%) vs. 389/448(87%), p=0. 47] or during the last visit [337/373 (90. 3%) vs. 417/448(93%) p=0. 15] between Pre-COV and COV. (Table 4)DiscussionDespite changes in the delivery of care from exclusively IN-P to mainly TELE, our study found that more pts received care during COV compared to the pre-COV period. More new pts entered care in the COV period compared to the pre-COV; improvement in CD4 counts and VL suppression rates were significantly higher when measured at first and last encounters in the COV period. There were no significant differences in the percent of patients with CD4 counts > 200µl or viral load suppression in first and last encounters during the two study periods. The study found that during COV there were less changes to ART regimens compared to the pre-COV period. -19 pandemic has interrupted the delivery of care and forced clinics to shift to TELE in order to continue to provide care, to PLWH. Experience of HIV care with TELE has been described in a number of studies prior to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All students learn better with virtual reality than with traditional techniques. [SEP] Text: 014, 95% CI [0, 0. 06]; average direct effects; ADE = 0. 11, p =. 050, 95% CI [0, 0. 22], supporting H2. Although we investigated agency as it relates to learning specifically, this result is aligned with the cognitive affective model of immersive learning theoretical framework proposed by Makransky and Petersen (2021), in which agency would be an IVR affordance between immersion and self-efficacy. The analyses investigating the long-term effects of treatment on learning (RQ2) revealed no effect of condition at delayed posttest on the multiple-choice learning assessments, F(1, 133) = 2. 04, p =. 155, ηp2 = 0. 12, 90% CI [−0. 04, 0. 28], or the Bloom’s taxonomy levels, knowledge understanding: F(1, 133) = 1. 38, p =. 242, ηp2 < 0. 01, 90% CI [0, 0. 06]; knowledge application: F(1, 133) = 0. 89, p =. 346, ηp2 < 0. 01, 90% CI [0, 0. 05]; knowledge creation: F(1, 133) = 1. 15, p =. 284, ηp2 < 0. 01, 90% CI [0, 0. 01]. Moreover, the analyses to investigate long-term effects of intervention on self-efficacy (RQ3) showed no significant effect of condition at delayed posttest, F(1, 133) = 0. 06, p =. 800, ηp2 < 0. 001, 90% CI [0, 0. 02]. While no long-term effects of IVR videos on self-efficacy are reported in the literature, this finding is aligned with Stepan et al. ’s (2017) study that compared CG-based IVR and computer-based materials for neuroanatomy learning. In their study, no significant difference for the learning assessment was found between conditions 8 weeks after treatment. General DiscussionThe present research investigated the effects of watching IVR videos or traditional videos on self-efficacy and conceptual learning. Two studies were carried out, and measures for learning, self-efficacy, learning agency, and presence were taken at multiple time points.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: 39 Dans ce chaos qui envahit la scène lorsque le mur de papier mâché tombe, il est également possible de voir une référence à l’ambition du président américain nouvellement élu en 2017, Donald Trump, de construire un mur entre les États-Unis et le Mexique, et l’espoir d’Oh Tae-Suk que ce mur connaisse la même fin que celui de Berlin40. Sortir de la cage : émancipation de la nouvelle génération 41 Simon Buia, op. cit. , 20Malgré le dénouement sanglant et chaotique qui est proposé au spectateur à Craiova, une touche d’optimisme survient dans les derniers instants de la représentation. Après l’effondrement du mur, le public se met à applaudir car l’atmosphère sombre semble correspondre à la fin de la tragédie shakespearienne. Cependant, une lumière verte persiste sur scène, mettant ainsi en exergue la présence d’un buisson fait de lierre et de lianes accroché sur le seul pan du mur restant sur scène41. Après quelques secondes, deux points lumineux émanent de ce buisson végétal, comparables à deux lucioles qui s’envolent hors de scène. Ces lucioles sont une réincarnation de Roméo et Juliette voulant échapper à leur destin. Le choix de ces insectes volants, les lucioles, fait aussi penser au mythe de Liang-Zhu, ou les « amants papillons ». Cette légende populaire chinoise, qui a commencé à circuler en Corée au 7e siècle, raconte l’histoire d’amour impossible entre et Zhu Yingtai.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Telehealth services have become increasingly popular, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. [SEP] Text: In a study by OHL et al (3) at the VA system, participants in TELE needed to travel to a clinic in order to connect with their health care provider for a TELE encounter. These pts reported a high rate of satisfaction, a decrease in travel time to care but there was no difference in retention in care or viral suppression compared those who did not participate in TELE. The same investigators reported on a larger study and found that only 120/1670 (13%) elected to participate in TELE; Participants had a higher number of visits and more frequent viral load testing but there was no improvement in HIV suppression when compared to non-participants. (4) In a study of HIV care in a correctional institution using TELE (5) pts who participated in the TELE group had greater virological suppression and higher CD4 counts. Experience in transition to TELE during the COVID-19 pandemic is starting to emerge, Fadul (6) reported that adoption of TELE utilizing phone communication in the early months of the pandemic, resulted in a reduction in the number of visits frequency but a maintenance of viral load suppression. Mayer et al. (7) reported that in the first 2 months of the pandemic, visit frequency and viral load suppression were not interrupted after transitioning to either phone or video encounters. Spinelli et al, (8) evaluated viral suppression after implementing TELE in a clinic in San Francisco, the authors described a significant reduction in viral suppression rates of 31% when compared to the pre COVID- 19 pandemic. The authors stated that despite access to TELE, the patients had reduced access to social support services likely affecting care. Homelessness in this study was 16% and was associated with non-viral suppression. Our study in comparison, has found that more pts were seen during COV compared to pre-COV; HIV viral load suppression rates were higher during the COV period between first and last encounters. When comparing first and last visit measurement between the two periods, there was no statistical difference, a fact that supports the notion that TELE can provide effective way to maintain good clinical outcomes to PLWH. The study by Spinelli (8) and Mayer (7) had a much shorter follow up periods compared to our study, which had a one year follow up in each period.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All students learn better with virtual reality than with traditional techniques. [SEP] Text: Experiment 1 showed a significant effect of condition on self-efficacy. Although this effect was not found in Experiment 2, a mediation effect of learning agency between condition and self-efficacy was found. The possibility of visually exploring the video in the IVR condition may have contributed to increasing participants’ self-efficacy in the IVR condition in Experiment 1. Aligned with this finding, previous studies investigating the effects of visual exploration and active learning on self-efficacy have shown positive impacts of exploratory behavior on self-efficacy (Hardy et al. , 2014, 2019). Self-efficacy toward STEM among middle-school students has been shown to be an important predictor of career choices (Gibbons & Borders, 2010). Although more research is needed on the relationship between immersion and self-efficacy, the positive effect found in Experiment 1, indicates that IVR can potentially enhance self-efficacy in science learning among middle-school girls. The mediation effect of learning agency between condition and self-efficacy found in Experiment 2 indicates that this may be a plausible mechanism underlying the positive effects of immersion on self-efficacy. However, more research is needed to understand this effect better. When investigating learning, there were no significant differences between conditions on the multiple-choice question scores in Experiments 1 and 2, indicating that more immersion did not lead to better conceptual learning. IVR videos were not better than 2D videos in three out of the four measures of learning (multiple-choice questions, knowledge understanding, and knowledge application). Hence, there is no strong evidence for the instructional effectiveness of IVR videos. Notably, in Experiment 2, watching IVR videos showed a positive effect on a higher cognitive level of learning, knowledge creation, compared to using a computer monitor. Although the effect size was small, it was interesting to find a difference in knowledge creation just by varying the immersion level, given that the narrative and visuals were the same between conditions. This novel finding brings experimental evidence for the theoretical statement from Bell and Fogler (1995) that virtual reality would be capable of addressing higher cognitive levels of learning. This novelty may also be explained by the fact that IVR videos were used instead of CG-based IVR. The IVR videos usually add less extraneous load when compared to CG-based IVR, and they may have free cognitive resources that enable the enhancement of higher cognitive levels of learning.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: Les parents de Zhu ayant choisi un époux pour cette dernière, Liang se laisse mourir car il est conscient qu’il ne sera jamais réuni avec celle qu’il aime. Après la cérémonie de mariage, lorsque Zhu se rend compte de la mort de son bien-aimé devant sa tombe, elle demande à le rejoindre. Le tombeau s’ouvre alors et Zhu s’y précipite. D’après la légende, deux papillons sortirent de la sépulture, s’envolant ensemble vers l’infini. De manière similaire au Roméo et Juliette de Shakespeare, Oh Tae-Suk semble s’approprier et adapter le récit chinois dans sa mise en scène afin d’attirer l’attention sur une autre question contemporaine qui le préoccupe : le respect de l’environnement. Une lueur d’espoir : lorsque l’environnement reflète l’état de la société 42 Entretien filmé par lors de la conférence d’ESRA, op. cit. , 11:40-14:15. 43 Ibid. 44 Je suis redevable à Janice Valls-Russel pour cette référence. 45 Entretien filmé par lors de la conférence d’ESRA, op. cit. , 05:53-11:05.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Telehealth services have become increasingly popular, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. [SEP] Text: Sorbera et al (9) compared HIV pts’ viral load suppression in a clinic transitioning to TELE between two periods, pre-COV and post –COV. They found that in their 211 pts there was no significant difference in viral load suppression rates, but the percent of patients with CD4 cell counts > 200µl were higher in the pre-COV compared to the post COV period. In comparison, our study showed no difference in either the percent of pts with CD4 counts > 200µL or those with viral load suppression between the two periods. TELE has some limitations; pts may feel uncomfortable talking about their medical conditions medications over the telephone, pts may have accessibility issues, and there may be language and communication barriers. Some studies found different uptake rates in different patient populations. Data on TELE uptake using phone from Cardiology and Gastroenterology clinics showed that population similar to ours: minority groups, relatively older and female gender were likely to use TELE via phone as was found in our study. (10, 11) A cross sectional study in Italy using self-report questionnaire 80 PLWH and 60 doctors noted that 88% of the physicians and 40% of PLWH did not want to substitute IN-P with TELE (12). Another study noted that most patients were satisfied in general with TELE but some pts mostly women had some concerns about lack of physical exam and worried about safety of personal information (13). Wood et al. (14) found that older age, people of color and patients on Medicaid coverage tended to use less TEE services (14). Amatavete et al noted retention rates of 98% at 3 months and 98. 4% at 6 months with the use of TELE during COVID in PLWH (15). Our study followed pts for a year and noted that after implementation of TELE during COV, more r new pts were accepted to the clinic (8. 6% vs. 7%) and more pts had HIV VL suppression at the end of one year supporting the notion that TELE is an effective platform for the delivery of care and can supplement IN-P care. Our study has a few limitations; it is a single center observational study, the study took place in an inner city hospital and therefore results may not be generalized. The study was retrospective and therefore all limitations of a retrospective analysis apply.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All students learn better with virtual reality than with traditional techniques. [SEP] Text: Given the small effect size of this finding, there is a need for future studies replicating these results of IVR videos’ effects on Bloom’s taxonomy of learning objectives. In light of the cognitive load theory, high levels of interactivity and constant animations, usually present in CG-based IVR, can add extraneous load to the learning material and hinder learning (Fiorella & Mayer, 2018; Parong & Mayer, 2018). That can be inferred by the fact that no study reporting lower learning gains when using IVR videos compared to traditional videos was found in the literature, while some studies using CG-based IVR have reported lower learning gains than traditional videos (Dede et al. , 2000; Parong & Mayer, 2018). In this sense, IVR videos may maximize agency while minimizing cognitive load and distraction. In addition, the medium itself cannot solely account for the learning outcomes (Clark, 1994), and it is essential to highlight the role the design and content of the instructional material play in learning. In CG, it is possible to develop almost any type of experience. For example, it is possible to create an experience in which objects do not fall when dropped. Also, CG allows users to select, move and manipulate objects in the virtual environment. This affordance of CG is often explored to develop entertainment content, such as in games. In 360 videos, the experience is produced using real images captured using a 360° camera, and the user interacts with the content through head movements. It makes the development cheaper and faster than CG, given that no 3D models or interaction feedback other than camera field of view need to be developed (Violante et al. , 2019). Thus, 360°s videos seem useful in creating educational materials or documentaries quickly and at scale. Mayer (2008) points out the importance of developing learning multimedia experiences that reduces extraneous cognitive processing (processing information that is not related to the learning goal) and favors essential and generative cognitive processing (selecting relevant information and integrating it with prior knowledge). Fiorella and Mayer (2018) provided guidelines on what is effective in terms of content, design, and learner attributes when developing instructional videos. For example, they reported the positive effects of segmenting the video and using different camera viewpoints on learning complex content.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: 21Le choix des lucioles – et non pas des papillons – est interprété par Lee, l’agent de Company, de la façon suivante : ces insectes sont des animaux qui évoluent là où l’air est pur et sain, le même genre d’environnement dans lequel les nouvelles générations pourraient créer leur propre histoire et voler de leurs propres ailes en prenant en compte et en respectant la nature. 42 Il continue en disant que le mur de briques représente le monde industriel que les adultes et les générations précédentes ont érigé, et sa destruction montre que ce modèle n’est pas (ou plus) viable. Les lucioles symbolisent un changement, une transition dans un environnent sain qui n’est possible que par le biais des nouvelles générations qui doivent se rappeler leur passé afin d’initier une nouvelle société43. Lors de la représentation de Roméo et Juliette en avril 2018, la présence du mur, des lucioles ainsi que de sirènes d’ambulance qui retentissent, incarnent ce passé et les affrontements douloureux qui le caractérisent. Ces trois éléments peuvent d’ailleurs suggérer l’influence de l’esthétique déployée dans le film Le tombeau des lucioles (1988) d’Isao Takahata44. Bien que l’intrigue se déroule au Japon (et non en Corée), le film narre l’histoire de deux jeunes adolescents qui périssent à la suite du conflit de la Mondiale.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Telehealth services have become increasingly popular, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. [SEP] Text: The study used only telephone encounters, and therefore we may have missed some pts who did not have means to communicate or that would have preferred to use another communication platform. Some of the strengths of our study were the relatively long follow up periods of one year in each of study periods. The fact that viral load and CD4 counts were tabulated at first and last encounters allowed a better analysis of patients’ progression and effectiveness of TELE. Our study also recorded the number of new patients enrolled between the two periods a fact that allows a better perspective of TELE as a platform for the delivery of care for PLWH. ConclusionsIn our clinic, TELE was an effective tool to care for PLWH; this was evidenced by maintenance of high CD4 counts and virological suppression. In the face of a changing world of health care TELE seems to be an important tool in the care of PLWH. DeclarationsAcknowledgement: for providing the data Funding: none Author Contributions: Author 1 (SN) wrote the manuscript, authors 2 (EB) and 3 (KE) edited the manuscript. All authors reviewed the manuscript. Data availability Statement: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request Conflict of interest: None to declare 6074. COVID-19 Waivers for Providers: emergency -declaration -waivers. pdf. Mixed –methods evaluation of a telehealth collaborative care program for persons with HIV infection in a rural setting. J Med. 2013; 28:1165–73 –Barrada s MC, et al. Impact of availability of telehealth programs on documented HIV viral suppression: a cluster randomized program evaluation in the Administration. Infect. Dis. 2019 6 Ofz206 Improved virologic suppression with HIV subspecialty care in a large prison system using telemedicine: an observational study with historical controls. Dis. 2014;59;123-6. Fadul N. A quality management project of a Midwestern academic HIV clinic operating during COVID-19: Implementation strategy and preliminary outcomes. Infect. Dis2020;7(Suppl 1):S184-5. Rapid migration to telemedicine in a Boston community health center is associated with maintenance of effective engagement in HIV care.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All students learn better with virtual reality than with traditional techniques. [SEP] Text: Reef were chosen for the present studies because they were developed by experts in the VR, education, and marine fields to ensure that they followed scientific instructional material standards. Both videos were proven effective for learning for IVR and desktop conditions, as a significant increase in learning was shown in both conditions after treatment in both studies. Also, flat versions of the IVR videos were used in the desktop condition to avoid a confounding effect usually found in studies comparing videos to lectures or video to animated multimedia materials (Meyer et al. , 2019). Finally, our findings suggest that the effects found on self-efficacy and conceptual learning were short-termed, as they were not found 5 weeks after the treatment sessions. These findings align with previous studies investigating the effects of immersion on affective domains of learning. They are important in light of a changing society in which technology use is increasing fast, and devices continue to augment the level of digital immersion. Limitations and Future DirectionsAlthough results from this study yielded relevant findings, there are some limitations. First, even though participants were randomly assigned to each condition, there was a significant difference between conditions for the variables measured at pretest in Experiment 1. A statistical method that considers pretest differences was selected in order to analyze the data properly. However, it does not rule out the possibility of interference at posttest results. A matched random assignment and a larger sample were successfully used in Experiment 2 to address this shortcoming from Experiment 1. Second, we didn’t measure their prior experience with VR, hence novelty effects could have influenced the results. Third, participants were female students from a school situated in an affluent neighborhood. No race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status data were collected, limiting the generalization of the results. These findings should be taken with care when considering other populations. Assessing learning at multiple times through multiple-choice and open-ended questions has some inherent limitations. Although multiple-choice questions are considered standard practice in learning assessments, they may cause some inaccuracy due to students’ excessive training in answering these kinds of questions. Some students’ scores can be impacted by their ability to identify the most probable correct answer. To reduce this impact, we also used open-ended questions to assess learning. However, even open-ended questions have limitations, mainly because they rely on subjective scoring and prompt fatigue. An objective rubric was developed, and blind score ratings were used in both studies to reduce the subjectivity of this assessment.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: Malgré la disparition de leurs corps, les esprits des jeunes gens demeurent intacts : ils évoluent parmi les lucioles présentes sur la montagne surplombant la ville de Kobe, observant ainsi la reconstruction lente de la cité après la fin de la guerre. D’après Lee, le motif des lucioles dans la représentation n’est pas anodin : au croisement du mythe chinois des « amants papillons » et de la croyance japonaise selon laquelle l’âme des défunts s’incarne dans un animal, les lucioles ne peuvent exister que si l’environnement dans lequel elles évoluent est dépourvu de pollution. 45 Dans la mise en scène, cette pollution transparaît de façon littérale à travers l’importance qui est accordée à la nature, et de façon métaphorique, par le biais des relations tendues entre les hommes qui font obstacle à l’épanouissement de la nouvelle génération. Conclusion 46 Les tensions sont réapparues suite à des tirs de missiles effectués par la Corée du Nord en novembr (. . . ) 22Hyeon-mu, ou la Tortue-Serpent, figure de la mythologie coréenne responsable du maintien de l’harmonie dans la société ne réapparaît pas à la fin de la représentation.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Telehealth services have become increasingly popular, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. [SEP] Text: Infect Dis;7(Suppl 1) S337 Viral suppression rates in a safety net HIV clinic in San- Francisco destabilized during COVID-19. AIDS. 2020;34(15):2328–2330. . Evaluation of virologic suppression ratesduring the COVID-19 pandemic with interdisciplinary HIV care. J. AM Pharm. 2021. DOI 10. 1002 Telemedicine outpatient cardiovascular care during the COVID-19 pandemic bridging or opening the digital divide? Circulation 2020;142: 510-2. Positive early patient and clinician experience with telemedicine in an academic gastroenterology practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. Gastroenterology 2020;159:1589-91. e4. . Use of telehealth for HIV care in Italy: Are doctors and patients on the same page? A cross-sectional study. Med Inform. 2021 Dec;156:104616. doi: 10. 1016/j. ijmedinf. 2021. 104616. . with Telemedicine for HIV Care during the first COVID-19 Wave in Atlanta, Georgia. . 2021 Oct 23. doi: 10. 1089/AID. 2021. 0109. . and the COVID-19 Pandemic. Infect Dis. 2021 Sep 23;8(11):ofab480. doi: 10. 1093/ofid/ofab480. . Evaluation of the integration of telehealth into the same-day antiretroviral therapy initiation service in Bangkok, Thailand in response to COVID-19: a mixed-method analysis of real-world data. . 2021 Oct;24 Suppl 6(Suppl 6):e25816. doi: 10. 1002/jia2. 25816.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All students learn better with virtual reality than with traditional techniques. [SEP] Text: than Techniques? Last registered on December 27, 2021 History Pre-than Techniques? -0008744 Initial registration date December 23, 2021 Initial registration date is when the trial was registered. It corresponds to when the registration was submitted to the Registry to be reviewed for publication. First published December 27, 2021, 11:02 published corresponds to when the trial was first made public on the Registry after being reviewed. of (s) date 2021-05-17 End date 2021-12-16 experiments, active learning JEL code(s) A22, C93 Secondary Iwork This trial does not extend or rely on any prior RCTs. study examines whether in-class experiments help students learn important Economics lessons better than traditional methods. To address this question, we conduct an experiment in undergraduate and Macroeconomics classes. In each section of a class, we randomize two lessons out of four potential candidates into treatment or control. Treatment lessons are taught using an in-class experiment or similar active-learning activity that is designed to illustrate the topic. Control lessons are taught using traditional techniques. Our design follows the recommendations of Wozny et al. (2018) by randomizing across lessons within a given course, increasing the power of our statistical tests. For each of these four lessons, the instructors give a multiple choice quiz after they have finished teaching the topic. We also ask several multiple choice questions on the course final exam related to each of these lessons. This allows us to measure both whether the experiments help students learn key lessons better than traditional techniques in both the short term and the long term. We also investigate whether the effect of these techniques varies by gender, topic area (micro vs. macro) and instructor type (adjunct, lecturer, or tenured/tenure track). The classes in our sample are taught mostly by instructors who are inexperienced in the use of experiments as a teaching tool, so our results should be generalizable to schools that have not commonly used this technique. External Link(s) and Sutanuka Roy. 2021. "than Techniques? . ". December 27. Sponsors & Intervention(s) We chose four topic areas that are covered in each participating section of the course to be part of the experiment. In the microeconomics sections, these topics include: 1. Production possibilities and gains from trade 2. The impact of supply and demand shifts on equilibrium 3. The impact of price ceilings and price floors on a market 4.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: Non pas parce que cette harmonie ne peut pas être atteinte, mais parce que la nouvelle génération qui est représentée par Roméo et Juliette – ou plutôt par les deux amants anonymes associés aux chants des oiseaux et aux deux lucioles qui s’envolent vers de nouveaux horizons – doit construire un nouvel équilibre en gardant à l’esprit les conflits passés pour mieux aller de l’avant. La dernière scène, dont l’interprétation est laissée au spectateur, a d’ailleurs pris une nouvelle dimension le lendemain de la représentation à Craiova. Kim Jong-un et Moon Jae-in, les dirigeants respectifs des deux Corées, ont franchi la zone démilitarisée se trouvant entre la Corée du Nord et celle du Sud et se sont rencontrés afin d’entamer une procédure pour dénucléariser la péninsule coréenne et mettre ainsi fin à la guerre entre les deux pays. Cette rencontre intercoréenne, même si elle s’inscrit dans un contexte sociopolitique international complexe, pourrait être vue à travers le prisme des lucioles dans la mise en scène d’Oh Tae-Suk : c’est un évènement qui a donné l’impression qu’une réconciliation était possible46. Bien sûr, il reste un long chemin à parcourir avant que cette lueur d’espoir ne se concrétise et donne place à une entente sur le long terme, en Corée ou ailleurs.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Telehealth services have become increasingly popular, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. [SEP] Text: -19 PreprintsProtocolsVideosJournalsTools & a 10. 21203/rs. 3. rs-579176/v1This work is licensed under a CC BY 4. 0 LicenseStatus:PostedVersion 1posted You are reading this latest preprint versionAbstractTelehealth is allowing healthcare workers to see patients virtually in locations that were not accessible previously, and this has reduced cost and time as well as saved lives. Bangladesh is a developing country with only 6 doctors for every 10,000 patients11. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a rising percentage of individuals in Bangladesh are turning to telehealth as it may provide more convenience and access to care for online consultations while minimizing the risks of virus transmission that may result from going to a healthcare provider11,6. Our research question was to see if there was any impact of telehealth utilization on labor market productivity during the pandemic in 2020. This study will leverage a timely national experiment to evaluate the users of telehealth across the Bangladeshi population. We obtained de-identified data for 200 patients among outpatient telehealth visits from as it captures telehealth use throughout Bangladesh. The analysis showed, that 92% of participants were males in the study population, and had a higher dependency on telehealth than 8% of the females. We found that the youngest age group, 16–25, had the highest dependence on telehealth, compared to any other age group in Bangladesh. The lowest dependence was among the oldest age group of 45 years and above. However, there was no association between labor market productivity and telehealth use and we rejected our hypothesis. Longitudinal and geographical data are needed to understand more about the gender disparities and impact in telehealth utilizations. & Outcomes ResearchHealth PolicyTelehealthlabor markethealthcareand COVID-19 pandemicFiguresFigure 1is the use of electronic information and technologies to support long-distance healthcare services from healthcare workers to patients remotely at any time and place. Bangladesh is a developing country with only 6 doctors per 10,000 patients11. The healthcare sector is heavily focused in Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh; although 64% of the population resides in rural areas, and patients need to travel long distances to access healthcare services1. Telehealth is allowing healthcare workers to see patients virtually in locations that were not accessible previously, and this has reduced cost and time as well as saved lives. With 60.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All students learn better with virtual reality than with traditional techniques. [SEP] Text: Effectiveness of immersive virtual reality in teaching empathy to medical students: a mixed methods study 1, Sarah Peyre1, Anne Nofziger2 & …Raffaella Borasi1 Show authors 835 Accesses 1 Citation 2 all metrics AbstractEmpathy in healthcare has been associated with positive outcomes such as increased patient satisfaction and reduced medical errors. However, research has indicated a decline in empathy among medical professionals. This study examined the effectiveness of Reality (IVR) for empathy training in medical education. A convergent mixed methods pretest posttest design was utilized. Participants were 1st-year medical students who engaged in an empathy training IVR educational intervention around a scenario depicting older adults struggling with social isolation. of Empathy (JSE) questionnaire was administered before and after the intervention to measure the change in empathy levels. Data were analyzed using a paired sample t-test on the pre-/post-test JSE empathy scores to assess the change in empathy scores. Nineteen qualitative semi structured interviews were conducted immediately after the IVR experience and follow-up interviews were conducted six months later. Qualitative data collected from the interviews’ transcripts were analyzed using a thematic and content analysis approach to capture individual experiences. Students (n = 19) scored 5. 94 points higher on the posttest JSE questionnaire compared to pretest (p < 0. 01) indicating an improvement in empathy levels. Qualitative analysis showed that the IVR training was well received by the students as a valuable empathy-teaching tool. Immersion, presence, and embodiment were identified as the main features of IVR technology that enhanced empathy and understanding of patients’ experiences. The debriefing sessions were identified as a key element of the training. IVR-based training could be an effective teaching tool for empathy training in medical education and one that is well received by learners. Results from the study offer preliminary evidence that using IVR to evoke empathy is achievable. Similar content being viewed by others Evaluating medical student engagement during virtual patient simulations: a sequential, mixed methods study 2. 1 Study designThe study used a convergent mixed methods pretest posttest and qualitative research design that focused on medical students’ engagement in an IVR experience that portrayed an older adult character’s physical and mental health struggles. A debriefing session was conducted as a part of the training intervention.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: Oh Tae-Suk encourage et met en scène de façon subtile dans son adaptation de l’histoire tragique des amants maudits cette espérance grâce notamment au symbolisme animal. Le metteur en scène emprunte à Shakespeare (faucon, cheval, signes du zodiaque européen) et au folklore coréen (Tortue-Serpent, renard, signe du zodiaque chinois, milan royal, lucioles) des éléments animaliers qu’il exploite et remanie pour se les approprier. Oh Tae-Suk crée son Roméo et Juliette qui, bien que sanglant, diffuse l’espoir d’une paix entre les peuples (et non pas seulement entre deux clans) et d’une cohésion entre les êtres humains, les animaux et la nature. La scène finale (pan de mur recouvert de lierre d’où les lucioles émanent), qui est absente dans le texte source, est peut-être une façon d’interpeller les spectateurs : il ne faut pas oublier les conflits qu’il y a eu dans le passé car ils font partie de notre histoire (tout comme les œuvres de Shakespeare), mais il faut les transcender et aller plus loin que nos prédécesseurs pour tendre vers une harmonie universelle. Haut de page Notes 1 Plusieurs photographies prises lors de la représentation sont disponibles sur le profil Facebook « Shakespeare, Craiova » (documents mis en ligne le 27 avril 2018), accessible en ligne sur : photographie de la toile est d’ailleurs accessible en ligne sur : consulté le 30 janvier 2020. 2 Musée National de Corée, Exposition « of the Deities from Gangseodaemyo », accessible en ligne sur : consulté le 07 décembre 2018.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Telehealth services have become increasingly popular, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. [SEP] Text: 3% of the total market as of 2019, is currently the largest telehealth market and is expected to remain so until 2025; however, the Asian market is predicted to grow fast1. practices began in 1999 through the Center for Rehabilitation of Paralyzed (CRP) by Trust of the UK, which used store and forward-based telemedicine with digital cameras for taking images, but no real-time technology was applied. However, lack of marketing, poor logistics, and little connectivity meant that this approach did not succeed. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic led both government and non-government bodies to initiate telehealth for delivering patient care all over the country. Through a public project under the of (DGHS), high-quality telehealth services were established at University and the of with 3 district hospitals (Shatkhira, Nilphamari, and Gopalganj) and 3 sub-district hospitals (Pirgonj, Dakope and Debhata) 1. Among private projects, Praava Health, Evercare, Maya, and are some of the successful hospitals and organizations leading telehealth services in Bangladesh. Although few people used telehealth services in the pre-COVID-19 period, the pandemic has led to a significant rise in telehealth services in Bangladesh. Covid-19 testing rate in Bangladesh during the initial outbreak was only 0. 34%, the second lowest in South Asia, only after the war torn nation-Afghanistan. This also led people to stay home and seek medical assistance through virtual channels as many wanted to prevent the virus11. During the pandemic, a rising percentage of individuals in Bangladesh are turning to telehealth as it may provide more convenience and access to care for online consultations while minimizing the risks of virus transmission that may result from going to a healthcare provider. This study will leverage a timely national experiment to evaluate the impact of telehealth across the Bangladeshi population. Despite the overall growth in telehealth in this country, it is unclear whether telehealth utilization has increased for patient populations for all age groups and both genders in 2020 and whether there has been any impact labor market productivity. The research question and hypothesis are as follows: Research Question: What impact did telehealth use have on patients productivity in the labor market in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020?

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All students learn better with virtual reality than with traditional techniques. [SEP] Text: Being able to interact with the IVR environment held the students accountable to be involved in the experience and helped them focus on what was happening around them. It made them feel in control and gave them a sense of agency. Students also mentioned that the interactivity feature added to the realism of the experience, made it more active and reinforced their feeling of becoming the IVR character—even though several students also pointed out that what they were able to do in the IVR environment was quite limited. 3. 2. 1. 3 Theme 3: debriefing is an essential part of the IVR trainingAll the students found the debriefing session to be an integral part of the training. They indicated that it added value to their understating of the patients’ experience as well as the role of empathy and empathic communication in patient care. Four students indicated that the training without the debriefing session “would not have been the same. ” These students also said that reflecting on their understanding of what socially isolated patients go through, as it took place in the debriefing, made the experience more relevant for them and thus beneficial for empathy attainment. All the students mentioned that the debriefing questions prompted them to think deeper about the experience and introduced new ideas on the role of empathy and communication in patient care that would have been missed otherwise. The debriefing session helped them make connections between what they have experienced and learned in the IVR environment and their role as future physicians, which made the training more relevant. 3. 2. 2 Findings from the 6 months follow-up interviews (n = 17) (Table 4)Table 4 Themes that emerged from the 6 months follow-up interviews dataFull size table3. 2. 2. 1 Theme 1: enduring learning from IVR trainingFifteen students self-reported that they were able to apply what they had learned from the IVR training in standardized patients’ simulation training (SPs) and real patients’ encounters. Students mentioned that the IVR training helped them become empathic toward patients and understand the importance of communicating empathetically to patients during clinical encounters. A student described the IVR-based empathy training as an experience that “humanized” her.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: 3 Walker, « ‘Romeo and Juliet’ Korean style », 28 juillet 2010, consulté le 10 décembre 2018. 4 Transcription (partielle) de la représentation de Roméo et Juliette (2006), MIT Global Shakespeare, consulté le 15 mai 2019, p. 1. 5 Kim Yun-Cheol, directeur artistique du « Company of Korea », communication personnelle, 27 avril 2018, Craiova. 6 Shelly Wu, Chinese Astrology: Exploring the 2005, p. 14. Le zodiaque chinois comprend douze animaux : le Rat, le Bœuf, le Tigre, le Lapin, le Dragon, le Serpent, le Cheval, la Chèvre, le Singe, le Coq, le Chien et le Cochon. 7 Transcription de la représentation de Roméo et Juliette (2006), op. cit. , p. 3. 8 Simon Buia, « », photographie accessible en ligne sur : consulté le 30 janvier 2020. 9 Transcription de la représentation de Roméo et Juliette (2006), op. cit. , p. 3. 10 Simon Buia, op. cit. , consulté le 30 janvier 2020. 11 « In Korea, each animal has a certain character. We characterize each animal in term of human emotions or human characters. ‘Pig’ could be greedy; ‘snake’ could be very sly, etc. » Kim Yun-Cheol, communication personnelle, op. cit. 12 Shelly Wu, op. cit. , p. 11. Dans ce sens l’astrologie chinoise est similaire à l’astrologie européenne. C’est la nature des signes qui différe. 13 Transcription de la représentation de Roméo et Juliette (2006), op. cit. , p. 3. 14 William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet, éd. René Weis, coll. Shakespeare, Londres, Bloomsbury, 2012, p. 123. Toutes les 7.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Telehealth services have become increasingly popular, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. [SEP] Text: Hypothesis: Telehealth usage led to higher labor market productivity for patient users in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to patient users who chose in-person doctor visits in the 2020 pandemic. Significance of research questions: Telehealth use is experiencing unprecedented growth. However, telehealth users’ demographics are unclear in Bangladesh. The research question aims to assess the demographics and impacts of telehealth use on labnor market productivity compared to in-person appointments with healthcare providers for healthcare utilization. The conceptual framework shows hypothesized associations of socioeconomic and demographic factors that affect health outcomes. In the socioeconomic and demographic factors, the phenomenon indicates a patient’s absolute and relative position in society, including prestige, education, occupation, and wealth. For example, employment provides income, which influences choices of housing (residential and community), relationships among friends and family, food, medical care, and more. However, employment depends on education because the higher the education a person attains, the better employment opportunity he/she will typically receive. Employment sometimes depends on the gender/sex of an individual, considering there is a glass ceiling for women in Bangladeshi society. For example, females often experience discrimination in the job market and often receive less payment compared to men in the same position. Socioeconomic and demographic factors lead to varying health outcomes for patients because the higher the income or education the better health literacy he/she possesses and also the better health care he/she can seek, leading to improved healthcare utilization. Having a good job also leads to employers covering the cost of health insurance. Patient safety and patient experience outcomes are tied with income because patients with higher income can afford expensive treatments in elite hospitals. Many dimensions of social relationships, such as access to social networks and availability to emotional support, can be important to health through healthcare utilization, clinical processes of care, cost, and patient experience. This is usually identified through marital status, social support, and living alone. Residential and community context indicate housing, walkability, broadband coverage, access to transportation, safety, and proximity to services. Patient experience will include communication with nurses and doctors, access to timely appointments and information, the responsiveness of healthcare staff, care coordination, pain management, medication information, and overall experience.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All students learn better with virtual reality than with traditional techniques. [SEP] Text: 2021; Sherman and Craig 2018; Shin 2018; Ventura and Martingano 2023). Our findings confirm the ability of IVR experiences to create a sense of presence and immersion in its users that facilitates this empathic feeling of connection with the IVR character and understanding of its perspectives (Buchman and Henderson 2019; Dyer et al. 2018; Elzie and Shaia 2021; Herrera et al. 2018; Liu et al. 2024; Swartzlander et al. 2017; Ventura et al. 2020; Ventura and Martingano 2023). All the students who participated in the training indicated that they felt present and had a sense of “being there” as some of them described it. Accordingly, greater empathy can be developed through the IVR immersive and presence capabilities as well as perspective taking, making the IVR users feel as though they are in the virtual environment and sharing the same space and time as the IVR characters (Barreda-Angeles et al. 2020; Han et al. 2022; Ingram et al. 2019). The capacity of the IVR training to stimulate perspective taking in the study participants was also illustrated in the students’ responses to item 3 and 17 on the JSE questionnaire, which had the most improvement in the mean students’ score. This suggests that the students found the IVR experience effective in allowing them to assume the perspective of the patient by embodying the IVR character. This supports findings in the literature (Bertrand et al. 2018; Han et al. 2022; Todres et al. 2010; Villalba et al. 2021) stating that first-person perspective taking can be fundamental to fully comprehend another person’s point of view and induce empathy through immersive learning experiences. It is worth noting that while our study, in addition to other research, has shown that IVR can have a positive impact on empathy, there are critical perspectives questioning its effectiveness and the depth of empathy it can foster (Herrera et al. 2018). Few studies suggest that VR may enhance emotional empathy but have limitations in improving cognitive empathy (Martingano et al. 2021; Ventura et al. 2020; Ventura & Martingano 2023). On the other hand, a recent study on empathy predictors in VR found direct links to emotional and cognitive empathy (Bacca-Acosta et al. 2023).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: 16 et John Young, « Early modern astrology », dans A to the Casebooks of 1596–1634, accessible en ligne sur : consulté le 24 janvier 2020. 17 Idem et J. W. Draper, « Shakespeare’s ‘Star-Crossed Lovers’ », of 15. 57, Jan. , 1939, 16-34, p. 20. Pour plus de détails concernant l’astrologie pendant la Renaissance, consulter (éd. ), A Companion to Astrology in the Renaissance, Leiden et Boston, Brill, 2014. 18 Shakespeare, Craiova, Facebook, photographie accessible en ligne sur : consulté le 30 janvier 2020. 19 Richard E. Strassberg, A Chinese Bestiary: from and Seas, Berkley, University of California Press, 2002, p. 88. 20 Shakespeare, Craiova, op. cit. , consulté le 30 janvier 2020. 21 Scène du balcon. Réplique affichée sur les écrans au-dessus de la scène lors de la représentation du 26 avril 2018 dans le théâtre national de Craiova. 22 William Shakespeare, éd. et trad. Jean-Michel Déprats et Gisèle Venet, Tragédies I (Œuvres complètes Shakespeare I), Gallimard, Paris, 2002, p. 281. 23 Transcription de la représentation de Roméo et Juliette (2006), op. cit. , p. 12. 24 Shakespeare, Craiova, op. cit. , consulté le 30 janvier 2020. 25 : Samuel Crouch, 1676, F1v. 26 Réplique de Tybalt affichée sur les écrans au-dessus de la scène lors de la représentation du 26 avril 2018 dans le théâtre national de Craiova. 27 Transcription de la représentation de Roméo et Juliette (2006), op. cit. , p. 21. 28 Simon Buia, op. cit. , consulté le 30 janvier 2020. 29 Shakespeare, Craiova, op. cit.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Telehealth services have become increasingly popular, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. [SEP] Text: In terms of resource use outcomes, cost and quality of health depend on which part of the region the hospital is located in as well as how expensive the treatment is (better or expensive treatment can be afforded by patients with higher socioeconomic status). For example, patients residing in Gulshan area of Dhaka City, usually turn to United Hospital, which is expensive but has one of the highest rankings in terms of quality, whereas patients in area might turn to Hospital, which is cheaper but has one of the lowest rankings in terms of healthcare quality. Also, hospitals using telehealth services will likely see reduced admission rates and mortality in patients, and patients will also incur reduced healthcare-related costs (e. g. , transportation costs). However, rural populations might not have sufficient internet access and might not be able to utilize telehealth services in comparison to other populations. Simultaneously, health care outcomes directly affect the resource use outcomes, mainly through high administrative costs, costly new technologies, expensive drugs, and physician fees. However, if the patient seeks telehealth, then the costs are likely to decrease as telehealth leads to improved patient outcomes through advanced monitoring, cognitive affordances, execution of life-saving, and evidence-based critical care protocols. Moreover, telehealth increases the ability to access timely care by reducing potential travel issues or transfers to other health care facilities. The government of Bangladesh has declared it will fix fees for healthcare services in private hospitals, and this will lead to reduced cost of care, while improving quality of health12. Telehealth usage during the COVID-19 pandemic has become one of the vital tools for patients to seek medical assistance. While there are a few studies regarding its utilization in Bangladesh, none of them have incorporated demographic and socioeconomic aspects of the Bangladesh populations. Uscher-Pines & Mehrotra (2014) analyzed the overall impact of telehealth by Teladoc, where only 7% of the patients had follow-up visits compared to patients who visited physicians’ offices or emergency departments (ED) for similar conditions 2. Another study by Uscher-Pines et al. , (2020) assessed how telemental health is deployed through semi-structured 60-minute telephone interviews with providers and found that 48% used a range of services3.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All students learn better with virtual reality than with traditional techniques. [SEP] Text: These differing findings highlight the need for a nuanced understanding of VR’s role in empathy training, emphasizing the importance of designing VR experiences for empathic effort and perspective-taking in medical education. Our study has some limitations. First, the design lacked comparison data from a control group, so we cannot exclude the impact of external and confounding factors on our results. Nevertheless, using a pretest–posttest design helped us mitigate some of those concerns by providing baseline data on the empathy levels of our study participants before the training, thus enabling us to measure change in those levels after the training. Second, our study might have sampling bias due to the small size convenience sample, which may in turn constrain the generalizability of the study results as well as the qualitative nature of the study which can be specific to the participants. Moreover, given that the interviews and study were conducted by a single investigator, we acknowledge the limitations regarding inter-rater reliability. Third, although a strength of our study was measuring the transferability of empathy learning to clinical settings, this was based solely on self-reported data, which may include possible inherent biases as well as subjectivity of the results. However, when studying a complicated concept such as empathy and perceptions towards an educational intervention, direct input from the participants themselves is necessary to gain a deeper understanding of the phenomena under study (Tavakol et al. 2012). Finally, it is important to note that our study did not include a control group, limiting our ability to compare the effectiveness of the VR-based intervention with alternative training methods or no intervention at all. 5 ConclusionThis study contributes to the emerging literature on the effectiveness of IVR as a teaching tool for medical empathy training. We offered IVR technology as an entry point to providing an effective empathy teaching experience that mimics real life in a safe environment that supports medical students learning. Medical educators are encouraged to consider this new technology as a controlled training to engage students in experiences that would otherwise be difficult to recreate in real life. Moreover, through collaborative efforts with libraries, medical institutions can leverage existing resources and expertise to effectively incorporate VR technology into their curriculum. Moving forward, continued partnerships between libraries and medical schools hold potential for driving innovation and advancing educational practices in healthcare training. As artificial intelligence technologies continue to augment human capacities, it has become inevitable for universities to explore the applications of those technologies to remain innovative and relevant.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: , consulté le 30 janvier 2020. 30 Transcription de la représentation de Roméo et Juliette (2006), op. cit. , p. 25. 31 Shakespeare, Craiova, op. cit. , consulté le 30 janvier 2020. 32 Entretien filmé par lors de la conférence d’ESRA (Research Association) « Viewing & Reviewing : Shakespeare in Performance », Université de Craiova, 27 avril 2018, accessible en ligne sur : consulté le 22 janvier 2019, 06:45-08:25. 33 Simon Buia, op. cit. , consulté le 30 janvier 2020. 34 Transcription de la représentation de Roméo et Juliette (2006), op. cit. , p. 17. 35 Shakespeare, Craiova, op. cit. , consulté le 30 janvier 2020. 36 et Richard Rutt, Korea: A Historical and Cultural Dictionary, Londres et New York, Routledge, 1999, p. 127-128. 37 Entretien lors de la conférence d’ESRA (Research Association) « Viewing & Reviewing : Shakespeare in Performance », Université de Craiova, 27 avril 2018. 38 Shakespeare, Craiova, op. cit. , consulté le 30 janvier 2020. 39 Entretien filmé par lors de la conférence d’ESRA (Research Association) « Viewing & Reviewing : Shakespeare in Performance », Université de Craiova, 27 avril 2018, accessible en ligne sur : 20:40-21:30. 40 La destruction du mur a été ajoutée quelques semaines seulement après l’élection présidentielle aux États-Unis. 41 Simon Buia, op. cit. , consulté le 30 janvier 2020. 42 Entretien filmé par lors de la conférence d’ESRA, op. cit. , 11:40-14:15. 43 Ibid. 44 Je suis redevable à Janice Valls-Russel pour cette référence. 45 Entretien filmé par lors de la conférence d’ESRA, op.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Telehealth services have become increasingly popular, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. [SEP] Text: In a comparison study between quality and access to care at Teladoc using claims from 18-64 years old enrollees in a state, it was found that 3,043 patients used telehealth services 4,657 times (Uscher-Pines et al. , 2014), but Teladoc is only on-demand telehealth care and has a gap in addressing other types of telehealth3. A study between March to April 2020 conducted a semi-structured interview with 20 outpatient psychiatrists with COVID-19 cases and patients who experienced satisfaction using telehealthcare services, but the inability to observe nonverbal cues, limited bandwidth, and incompatible devices were some issues for underserved patients4. Association of Bangladesh (BADAS) provided telehealth to children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes through phone calls and text messages, where 235 patients received advice over the phone from March to April 2020, and 52% of them were from the capital city, Dhaka 5. Most of the patients experienced hyperglycemia and were advised accordingly, and the study recognized telemedicine as a solution for routine care of diabetic children who are unable to travel long distances to clinics. has good acceptability for telehealth, with a mean age of 32. 38, a monthly income of approximately 9000BDT, and a maximum of 17 years of schooling 6. However, no study has been conducted involving both rural and urban parts of the country to assess telehealth efficacy. Usability issue is one of the barriers in telehealth adoption; 61% of usability problems contributed to slow adoption of mobile health usage 7. But this paper only examines mobile applications and could be extended to other forms such as web applications. Systematic reviews showed that telehealth interventions produce positive outcomes when they are used for remote patient monitoring, especially for chronic conditions (e. g. cardiovascular and respiratory disease) and psychotherapy (e. g. behavioral health), with improvement in mortality rate, quality of life, and reduced hospital admissions, reduced patient time in emergency departments, reduced heart attack mortality during emergency services and improved access and clinical outcomes for outpatient consultations8. Moreover, research in telehealth should be integrated with new models of payment and care to assess the continuum of care in organizations. A paper studied four years of data from a nationally representative biannual consumer survey of telehealth use trends and the role policies play in its usage9.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All students learn better with virtual reality than with traditional techniques. [SEP] Text: Can mixed reality technologies teach surgical skills better than traditional methods? A prospective randomised feasibility study access Published: 03 March 2023 Can mixed reality technologies teach surgical skills better than traditional methods? A prospective randomised feasibility study Payal Guha1, Jason Lawson1, Iona Minty1, James Kinross1 & …Guy Martin1 Show authors BMC 10. 1 vs. 6. 89, p = 0. 0076), and a greater consistency in skill progression with a significantly narrower range of scores (SD 2. 48 vs. 4. 03, p = 0. 026). Participant feedback showed the HL2 technology to be more interactive and engaging with minimal device related problems experienced. ConclusionsThis study has demonstrated that mixed reality technology may provide a higher quality educational experience, improved skill progression and greater consistency in learning when compared to traditional teaching methodologies for basic surgical skills. Further work is required to refine, translate, and evaluate the scalability and applicability of the technology across a broad range of skills-based disciplines. reports BackgroundCurrent approaches to surgical skills training commonly utilise the support of didactic video tutorials as these have been shown to effectively teach basic skills such as suturing [1]. However, these techniques may disadvantage kinaesthetic learners and provide limited scope for the development of novel teaching approaches. Simulation and video-based learning is now a corner stone of surgical education, with data suggesting that virtual reality (VR) skills-based learning creates engaging learning environments that promote deeper understanding and long-term retention of knowledge and skills [2], with multi-modal teaching preferred by students [3]. (MR) technology offers an immersive experience in which real and virtual elements of an environment co-exist. Headsets allow multiple users to remotely link and collaboratively interact through bidirectional communication and interaction with spatially recognised 3D holographic content within the real visualised environment. This technology can therefore provide specific 3D imaging, generic dynamic physiological and anatomical models, or procedural animations to improve the learning offer, whilst also allowing remote access to educations that may widen accessibility and lower barriers to educational opportunities. The HoloLens 2 (HL2) () is an untethered MR headset, and is an example of such technology.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: cit. , 05:53-11:05. 46 Les tensions sont réapparues suite à des tirs de missiles effectués par la Corée du Nord en novembre 2019. Philippe Mesmer, « La Corée du Nord reprend les provocations », Le Monde, 30 novembre 2019, accessible en ligne sur : consulté le 30 janvier 2020. Je suis redevable à Jean-pour cette référence. Haut de page Pour citer cet 2024. URL : DOI : de page Auteur Charlène CruxentUniversité Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3Haut de page Droits d’auteur Le texte seul est utilisable sous licence CC BY-NC-ND 4. 0. Les autres éléments (illustrations, fichiers annexes importés) sont « Tous droits réservés », sauf mention contraire. Haut de page Sommaire - Document précédent - Document suivant Auteur Mots-clés Qui sommes-nous?

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Telehealth services have become increasingly popular, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. [SEP] Text: 0056 No. of observations 180 the age groups, we found that the youngest age group, 16–25, had a higher dependence on telehealth, compared to any other age group in Bangladesh. It can be because this age group is highly acquainted with technology and very aware of where to seek help when it comes to online platforms. The lowest dependence was among the oldest age group of 45 years and above. This might be because this generation is least acquainted with technology and least aware of online platforms. Technical literacy is also a reason here because older generations have difficulty using mobile phones and computers. We wanted to see which gender used telehealth more often, and found that males more commonly used telehealth platforms for medical assistance. However, it was interesting to note that men also had higher usage with in-person consultations too. This can be because our sample had 92% males, which lead to a higher number of male telehealth users. For research question, we wanted to see if there was any causality between telehealth use and labor market productivity, and we hypothesized that telehealth use led to higher labor market productivity, which we tried to measure through changes in monthly salary pre- and post-COVID-19. However, there was no association between labor market productivity and telehealth use and we rejected the alternate hypothesis. Overall, users of telehealth have increased dramatically in Bangladesh due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but disparities exist among genders and age groups. Although telehealth aims to provide patient care remotely and improve access to healthcare among rural patients, it is mainly used among urban populations, due to technical literacy and awareness within urban patient populations. For telehealth to more successfully reach out to rural patients, the Bangladeshi government should increase funding and help startups to lead the way. Currently, venture capital investments are not allowed tax rebates, and only the 2% stamp duty is waived1. As rural patients are the most deprived population, investing in rural-based health startups can help improve their access. The higher income class has been the first adopters of telehealth and lower-income groups will be the last, but this disparity needs to be addressed. of the limitations in assessing this can be since this data was based on a self-reported survey and participants might not have mentioned their incomes honestly.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All students learn better with virtual reality than with traditional techniques. [SEP] Text: It has been successfully used across a range of educational settings including teaching ward rounds [4], and human anatomy instruction through bespoke 3D interactive models that have been shown to give a better understanding of anatomical structures compared to standard lecture-based teaching [5,6,7,8]. In addition, the technology has been demonstrated to be a potential method to teach basic practical skills such as digital rectal examinations and urinary catheterisation [9, 10]. The use of augmented (AR) and virtual reality (VR) for surgical training has been widely reported [11, 12], but there remains a paucity of evidence for the potential effectiveness of newer MR technology to support the delivery of basic surgical skills training. MR technology has the potential to enhance all aspects of skills training, and specifically self-directed, remote, or large-group teaching where resource constraints do not allow for instructor-led face-to-face tuition and video-based methods are currently the mainstay of delivery. This study therefore sought to examine the impact of MR technology on basic surgical skills training in a novice cohort when compared to traditional video-based methods of teaching. MethodsParticipants36 novice clinical medical student participants were recruited. All had undergone summative assessment in simple suturing competencies as part of their curriculum prior to participation in the study but had not previously undertaken the surgical skill being taught and assessed. Demographic data were collected, and preferred learning style data self-reported by participants using the VARK (visual, auditory, read/write, kinaesthetic) model; a validated inventory that identifies student learning p0. 05 were considered significant. Statistical analysis was carried out using Graphfor 9. 0. 0. Data is displayed as mean ± standard deviation. ResultsParticipant characteristicsThere was no difference in age (22. 4 years ± 2. 45 vs. 22. 6 ± 2. 52, p = 0. 735) or sex (7 vs. 8 male, p = 0. 735) between the HL2 and video groups respectively. Overall proficiency scoreThere was no significant difference in total baseline proficiency scores for the HL2 and video groups (9. 11 ± 3. 36 vs. 10. 2 ± 2. 66, p = 0. 303). The HL2 teaching group showed a significantly greater gain in raw point proficiency scores compared to the video group (10. 1 ± 2. 48 vs. 6. 89 ± 4. 03, p = 0.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: Présentation et adhésion L'identité de des membres Prix du mémoire Doctorats d’État et doctorats nouveau régime memoriam Liens Numéros en texte intégral 41 | 2023Shakespeare et le genre 40 | 2022Shakespeare et le dialogue des disciplines 39 | 2021Shakespeare et les acteurs 38 | 2020Shakespeare et le monde animal 37 | 2019Shakespeare désenchaîné 36 | 2018Shakespeare et la peur 35 | 2017Shakespeare après Shakespeare 34 | 2016Jeunesses de Shakespeare 33 | 2015Shakespeare 450 32 | 2015Nouvelles lectures de Love's Labour's Lost 31 | 2014La langue de Shakespeare 30 | 2013Shakespeare et la mémoire 29 | 2012Shakespeare et les arts de la table 28 | 2011Shakespeare et la Cité 27 | 2009Shakespeare et l’Orient 26 | 2008Costume et déguisement dans le théâtre de Shakespeare et de ses contemporains 25 | 2007Shakespeare et l'excès 24 | 2007Shakespeare Poète 22 | 2005Shakespeare et l’Europe de la Renaissance 23 | 2005Shakespeare et le jeu 21 | 2004Shakespeare et Montaigne : vers un nouvel humanisme 19 | 2002Shakespeare et le Moyen Âge 20 | 2002Shakespeare et ses contemporains 18 | 2000Shakespeare et la France 17 | 1999Shakespeare et la voix 16 | 1998Shakespeare et le cinéma 15 | 1997Comment le mal vient aux hommes 14 | 1996Variations sur la lettre, le mètre et la mesure : Shakespeare 13 | 1995vert : rites et renouveau 12 | 1994Cosmopolitisme et Insularité 11 | 1993Shakespeare et l’argent 10 | 1992Rhétoriques du texte et du spectacle 9 | 1991Shakespeare et le corps à la Renaissance 8 | 1990Shakespeare et la Guerre 6 | 1989Lieu et Temps 7 | 1989La folie - Shakespeare et les arts - Le tragique 5 | 1984Mythe et histoire 4 | 1983Du texte à la scène : langages du théâtre 3 | 1981Théâtre et idéologies : Marlow

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Telehealth services have become increasingly popular, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. [SEP] Text: Accessibility of During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-of — — July 1, 2021 1,2; Chanhyun Park, PhD3,4 (View author affiliations) Suggested citation for this 0056. DOI: 32. 4 million), 81. 2% reported that their usual providers offered telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among those offered telehealth services, 56. 8% reported that their usual providers offered telehealth to replace a regularly scheduled appointment. Disparities in accessibility of telehealth services by sex, residing area (metropolitan vs nonmetropolitan), income level, and US Census region were observed. Beneficiaries who reported having internet access (vs no access) (OR, 1. 75, P <. 001) and who reported ever having participated in video, voice, or conference calls over the internet before (vs not) (OR, 2. 18, P <. 001) were more likely to report having access to telehealth. Non-beneficiaries (versus White) (OR, 1. 57, P =. 007) and beneficiaries with comorbidities (vs none) (eg, 2 or 3 comorbidities, OR, 1. 25, 95% P =. 044) were more likely to have their usual provider offer telehealth to replace a regularly scheduled appointment. accessibility of telehealth has increased, inequities raise concern. Educational outreach and training, such as installing and launching an online web conferencing platform, should be considered for improving accessibility of telehealth to vulnerable populations beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. Topthe first documented community spread of COVID-19 in the US on February 26, 2020, the pandemic has affected many (1). As of February 9, 2021, the total number of COVID-19 cases in the US was approximately 27 million, with the number of deaths exceeding 460,000 (2). Within the Medicare population, as of November 2, 2020, about 1. 9 million total COVID-19 cases and over 493,000 COVID-19–related hospitalizations had been reported (3). Many studies reported higher adverse health outcomes, such as mortality and hospitalization among older adults with COVID-19 (4–6). A study reported that among recorded deaths, about 80% were adults aged 65 years or older, often with chronic conditions (5).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All students learn better with virtual reality than with traditional techniques. [SEP] Text: 0076) as illustrated in Fig. 2. The HL2 teaching group also displayed a narrower range of scores, indicating a greater level of consistency in skill progression compared to the video group (SD 2. 48 vs. 4. 03, F17,17 = 2. 64 p = 0. 026). Fig. 2Bar chart depicting the mean proficiency score gain of each group (n = 18/group) on a per participant basis. Those in the HoloLens group showed a significantly greater raw point improvement in proficiency scores (10. 1 ± 2. 48 vs. 6. 89 ± 4. 03, p = 0. 0076) and greater consistency in skill progression (SD 2. 48 vs. 4. 03, F17,17 = 2. 64 p = 0. 026)Full size image Instrument selectionThere was no significant difference in baseline scores for instrument selection for the HL2 and video groups (3. 06 ± 0. 873 vs. 3. 61 ± 1. 42, p = 0. 246). The HL2 teaching group subsequently had a significantly higher mean score for instrument selection choice when compared to the video group (9. 67 ± 0. 767 vs. 6. 67 ± 1. 97, p < 0. 0001). Suture qualityThere was no significant difference in baseline scores for suture quality for the HL2 and video groups (7. 17 ± 2. 83 vs. 7. 50 ± 2. 28, p = 0. 700), and both groups demonstrated equal improvement in performance (2. 22 ± 2. 13 vs. 1. 94 ± 3. 21, p = 0. 761). Participant learning style and performanceThe impact of participant learning styles on proficiency are summarised in Fig. 3 Overall, 20 (56%) participants reported a multi-modal learning style, with the remaining 16 (44%) participants reporting a single preferred learning style. Participants who listed ‘kinaesthetic’ (n = 30 - HL2 15, video 15) as one of their learning modalities showed significantly improved scores for instrument selection in the HL2 group (9. 60 ± 0. 737 vs. 6. 87 ± 1. 96, p < 0. 0001). Improvements in instrument selection scores were also significantly better in the HL2 group for participants who included ‘visual’ (n = 26 - HL2 11, video 15) as one of their preferred learning styles (9.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: AbstractTo further investigate the mechanism of surround inhibition (SI) and to determine whether adopting different attentional strategies might have an impact on the modulation of SI, the effects of adopting an external (EF) or internal focus of attention (IF) on SI and motor performance were investigated. While performing an index flexion with either an EF or IF, transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied at various time points in 14 healthy subjects. When adopting an EF compared to an IF, the results show an improved motor performance (+14. 7% in MVC) and a reduced bEMG in the adjacent APB (−22. 3%) during maximal index flexion. This was accompanied by an increased SI in the APB with an EF (+26. 4%). Additionally, the decrease in bEMG correlated with the magnitude of SI in APB. The current results demonstrate an efficient way to modulate SI by changing the attentional focus in healthy subjects and might, at least in part, explain the better motor performance being associated with an EF. The present findings help to better understand the positive mechanisms of an EF on SI in the healthy motor system and may also points towards a treatment strategy in pathologies with disturbed SI such as focal hand dystonia. Similar content being viewed by others Effects of an external compared to an internal focus of attention on the excitability of fast and slow(er) motor pathways 3. Thus, SI reflects the capacity of excited or active neurons to reduce the activity of the surrounding neurons. In the human motor system, SI can be demonstrated by applying supra-threshold transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the primary motor cortex (M1) and measuring the amplitude of the resulting motor evoked potential (MEP) in the adjacent muscles2. In this specific context, SI within the primary cortex is expressed as the selective reduction in the MEP amplitude in the surrounding muscles before and during a contraction of the target muscle compared to a rest condition. By shaping neural drive during voluntary movements, SI in M1 is supposed to reflect the summation of inhibitory influences on the representation of surrounding muscles2,4,5,6 and is therefore considered to be essential for skilled motor behaviour3. For example, it was shown that the force level has an influence on the modulation of SI7.

Output: pass