Input: Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: it cannot fail; it ever speaks')Worship ("There is no worship now—the idol stands")of Lifeof the ("There is a winter in the godless heart")'s and the at ('I saw the city, 'twas not built by hands')The CrossNature ('Nature would speak through her first master man')and meat and drinkForgive me my trespassesin HeartThe ComplaintWhither shall I go from thy Spiritshall be LastThe LaborerThy Brother's of are passed away('They love me not, who at my table eat')The CityThe RoseFaith ('There is no faith; the mountain stands within')The JewSpring ('The stem that long has borne the wintry blast')and The EndNature ('The bubbling brook doth leap when I come by')! The Sign('I too will wait with thee returning spring')('Father! help them who walk in their own light')notice other days were pages givenThe CrocusThe PlantI am the WayThe kingdom of within you('There is no sound but thou dost hear my voice')The PreacherCome unto meFlee to the mountainsBlessed are they that mournFaith ('Hast thou but faith thou shalt the mountain bid')Redeeming the TimeTis FinishedEffortTo the pure all things are pureThe TaskSpring ('I have not lived the flesh has hedged me in')('The plant it springs it rears its drooping head')('Come thou and labor with me I will give')('The words I give thee they are not thine own')Joy ('The joy Thou giv'st no man can take away')HopeReliefJoy ('Thou hast a moon for every cloudy night')('I come the rushing wind that shook the place')of is every one who is born of the spiritThe SeedI am the Light of the the Bread of shall all the tribes of the earth mournRepent for the kingdom of Heaven is at handthe you is born a SaviourThe RedeemedHallowed be they NameTo him who overcomethof the Templeof as the World giveth('Open our eyes that we the world may see')Thy Father's HouseJacob's Wellof ('The voice that speaks when thou art in thy tomb')and ('Why are thou not awake my son? ')('not visit me?

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Private companies are increasingly involved in space exploration, contributing to a new space race. [SEP] Text: Advertisement news careers commentary in Member sciencescience advancesscience immunologyscience roboticsscience signalingscience translational medicinescience partner journals anywhereTermin in in in in in JournalsTermSearching:: cancer climate artificial intelligence postdoc aging anywhereTerm science. org Custom publishing newsletters collections videos podcasts blogs visualizations prizes and awards authors & reviewers librarians advertisers about help Terms of -to pay private space companies for moon ridesto pay private space companies for moon rides Experiments on commercial landers could confirm a wetter, more active moon 19 Nov 2018BySmaller than a compact car, Astrobotic's Peregrine lander could put experiments on the moon for NASA. :FacebookShare on month, almost a half-century since the last landed a spacecraft on the moon, NASA is expected to announce plans for a return. But the agency will just be along for the ride. Rather than unveiling plans for its own spacecraft, NASA will name the private companies it will pay to carry science experiments to the moon on small robotic landers. Under a program called (CLPS), NASA would buy space aboard a couple of launches a year, starting in 2021. The effort is similar to an agency program that paid private space companies such as Elon Musk's SpaceX to deliver cargo to the Station (ISS). "This a new way of doing business," says Sarah Noble, a planetary scientist at NASA headquarters in Washington, D. C. , who is leading the science side of NASA's lunar plans. Scientists are lining up for a ride. "It really feels like the future of lunar exploration," says Erica Jawin, a planetary scientist at the Smithsonian Institution's of in Washington, D. C. She and other attendees at the annual meeting of the in Columbia, Maryland, last week were eager to show NASA why their small experiments would be worthy hitchhikers on the landers. Several companies, including Astrobotic, Moon Express, and iSpace, are vying to establish a commercial moon market. Buying rides to the moon from launch providers like Rocket Lab, each firm hopes to become the go-to carrier for other companies seeking to prospect the moon for rocket fuel ingredients, or to gather rocks to sell for study. But a contract with NASA is the real prize. Moon Express, for example, has designed the MX-1, a lander roughly the size and shape of Star Wars's R2-D2.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Gene drives can fully eliminate any pest species within one generation. [SEP] Text: , large cages, greenhouses, and aquaculture pens and/or geographic isolation). Beyond these considerations site selection criteria should include scientific and technical details such as presence of the target species; values of relevant publics; capabilities of local, regional, and national governance bodies; and ability of researchers to engage with local communities. All of this led to a recommendation to give preference to initiating tests in countries with the scientific capacity and governance frameworks to conduct and oversee the safe investigation and monitoring of gene drive-modified organisms, with a special focus on the capacity to assess the risk of developing and deploying such organisms [17]. Risk is the probability of an effect on a specific endpoint or set of endpoints due to a specific stressor or set of stressors [1]. In other words, how often would a specific change or changes in the environment affect something of value to society? Gene drive systems involve different molecular mechanisms and occur in a diversity of organisms, so it is reasonable to assume needing case-by-case studies of their effectiveness and analysis of risks. In particular, the committee recommended that researchers, regulators, and other decision-makers use the methods of ecological risk assessment to estimate the probability of immediate and long-term environmental and public health effects of gene-drive modified organisms. Ecological risk assessment is also a way to inform decisions about gene drive research, policies, and applications. Assessing risk should entail several steps: trace cause-and-effect pathways; identify sources of uncertainty; quantify the probability of the outcomes; incorporate concerns of relevant publics; compare benefits and harms; and compare alternative approaches [1]. Researchers, the NASEM committee argued, should also consider alternative methods to a gene drive system as the former might lack some of the negative elements associated with developing and deploying gene drive-modified organisms. What are some ways forward given the importance of the ethical, legal, and social issues related to this research? committee recommended that governing authorities, including research institutions, funders, and regulators, should develop and maintain clear policies and mechanisms for how public engagement will factor into research, ecological risk assessment, and public policy. But what participants—or publics—might require consultation as a condition for conducting gene drive-related research and eventual release of gene drive-modified organisms? How is their choice justified? How should we define such participants?

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: ')-ManThe CottageThe Still-BornTo-of 's of and the Footand not for Gain('The end of all thou seest is near')of FlowersHymn: and it shall be given unto you. from WithinThou know'st not what thy Lord will sayof the JustDeathThe Birth-Day of the SoulHiveTime's Houseand the BirdFaith and Light('where is it? hath it voice')('Stay where thou art, thou need'st not further go')'s Island Lightof Godof the BooksThe Robin's ('Tis all a great show')on Reading the Death of Rev. Henry Ware, Jr. BrightGod's at the ('There are towers; where they are')ye sow, so shall ye reap's RetortThe WidowImpatienceAbdolonymus—'s by FaithSalem ("Boast not, my native spot, thy sons were first")Spring in the SoulNature's InvitationChrist's CompassionHymn: Nevertheless, when the Son of Man cometh, shall he find faith on the earth? :8of 'to LiveThe Indian's the late in 's : Suggested by an EngravingThoughts and DesiresHymn ('As by the quickening breath of Spring')The Soul's : of the Rev. James Flint, D. D. , On reading his Collection of on the of J. Esq. July 22d, 1853the at the Thompson Jubilee, at Barre, Jany. 12, 1854: Sung at the Celebration of the Fourth of July, in Salem, 1854? To the Memory of the Rev. James Flint, D. D. and WorldlyHymn: So also will God, through Jesus, bring with him them who sleep'Blessed are they that mourn: for they shall be comforted' Math. 5:4To the Memory of the Rev. of -cleave not to the things of earth's the Rev. C. H. A. Dall, in IndiaHymn: Sung at the Dedication of Plummer Hall, Salem, Oct.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Private companies are increasingly involved in space exploration, contributing to a new space race. [SEP] Text: This approach was also primarily motivated by the opportunity to conciliate American leadership and a reduction of government spending. Ever since, US space commercialization strategy intensified on an increasing number of space domains (i. e. space telecommunications, commercial space transportation, remote sensing…) through various governmental initiatives and the incremental adoption of a legal and regulatory framework to foster commercial endeavours. Space commercialization was not a preserve of the USA. In the late 70s, Europe had already engaged in this field with outstanding successes such as Arianespace, the first commercial space launch operator (1980) or SPOT Image, the first commercial dealer for space remote sensing (1982). In this historical context, space exploration remained, however, and despite multiple attempts, (Note: These attempts were primarily related to the objective to use human spaceflight and space exploration systems for commercial purpose (e. g. use of the as commercial orbiter and for in-orbit servicing, use of space stations for commercial purpose including technology developments or orbital tourism)) essentially funded and led by governments through national and international programmes. The substantial costs of space exploration missions and lack of business cases limited the emergence of commercial leadership in this field. As a consequence, and despite a strong political will, the involvement of commercial actors in space exploration programmes remained limited, in general, to the role of contractors. This situation evolved to some extent with the retirement of the and the introduction of the (COTS) programme. Driven by the objective to improve cost-effectiveness and share development and operations’ risks with private partners, NASA implemented an innovative procurement scheme based on competitive, performance-based, fixed-price milestones ( in Transportation Services. 2014). Through the COTS and related Service (CRS) and Program (CCP), NASA transferred a bigger share of responsibilities and risks to the private sector, focusing on the purchase of cargo and crew transportation services rather than vehicles. In this frame, the agency acted as an anchor customer, investor and advisor for the industry to stimulate private development of commercial space transportation systems ( in Transportation Services. 2014). These programmes marked an important milestone in the rise of commercial actors in the field of outer space exploration and human spaceflight and established a successful example for more ambitious partnerships between government and industry in this field.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Gene drives can fully eliminate any pest species within one generation. [SEP] Text: The committee recommended three classes of participants: communities, groups of people who live in or near candidate release sites for gene drive organisms; stakeholders, people with direct professional or personal interests in gene drives; and publics, defined as groups of people who contribute to democratic decision-making but may lack direct connection to development and release of gene drive modified organisms. Challenges related to control of gene drive research and development include the fact that existing governance mechanisms may be inadequate because they do not consider gene drives’ intentional spread and potential irreversible effects on ecosystems [18]. There may also be a lack of clarity in oversight jurisdiction, insufficient means for public engagement, or no policies for collaborating with other countries with divergent systems of governance. Regarding the latter, NASEM committee members concluded that the intellectual capital and research capacity of relevant institutions around the world should be expanded to facilitate appropriate knowledge exchange and research collaborations pertaining to development and deployment of gene drive-modified organisms. This includes building long-term relationships with scientists in low- and middle-income countries where field research on gene drive-modified organisms is likely to occur, especially in cases related to possibly mitigating the negative effects on human populations of vector born infectious diseases such as malaria or dengue [19]. Regulatory agencies with oversight authority over genome modification research should review risk assessment models and procedures to ensure that they capture the characteristics of organisms bearing gene drives. committee recommended that the U. S. government clarify assignment of regulatory responsibilities for field releases of gene-drive modified organisms because of overlaps and gaps in U. S. regulation of organisms that are candidates for alteration with gene drives. After release, political boundaries do not limit spread of a gene drive-modified organism, but regulation of genetically modified organisms under the US for the Regulation of Biotechnology and Convention on assumes containment. Research institutions, regulators, and funders should revisit international regulatory frameworks, national laws, non-government policy, and professional codes of conduct to determine whether to and how to apply them to gene drive-related research, development, and deployment. In general, greater attention needs to be devoted to the international implications of developing and deploying gene drive-modified organisms.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: 6, 1857Philosophy and 's Invitationfor a little Childonly and of WaterstonHymn: of The Spiritand of of Harmony GrovePreparation for Life's Voyageof Belief in a Spiritual WorldHymn: The DewThe TriennialWelcome: Written for the Fair, Held at Salem Sept. 4th, 1860The Child's reading the Memorial of BrowneHymn ("Not tears alone for natural grief")One generation passeth away, and another generation cometh: but the earth abideth for ever. Ecclesiastes 1:4What of Our Country? of not: for they that are with us are more than they that are with them. 2 Kings 6:16Hymn: Nature's Sympathy with FreedomChrist's The Garden: A ParaphraseSong: a on ImaginationSunset in Derby's Woodsare destroyed for lack of Knowledge. —Hosea 4:6Autumn FlowersHymn ("From out its large estate")The Poet's the Built by the Puritans in 1634Aurelia of : of Jonah ii. 9("I sought the flowers, but o'er them lay")Shall put on ImmortalityHymn: to 's ("A nobler unity, than that which came"): of LifeMan's Of PeaceHymn: Life of Humanityof Flora, On the grounds of R. the Unitarian Festival, in Faneuil Hall, May 26th 1863of LibertyHymn: Our Country's a Liveat the Church DoorHealth of Body dependent on the of the Mississippi Valleyof John Foster: "I Can Pray, And That's a Glorious Thing"Home and of Shakespeare's BirthdayHymn: of the Righteous EasyUntimely ArgumentsHymn ("In the shock of mighty armies")of : Christ's Invitation in theW. Felt Esq. New Type-of Libby Prison: Related by Capt. 's at the Eulogy on June 1st 1865Soul-SicknessSong of SpringSensibility to the Beauty and Fragrance of FlowersThe Word? of the : of Dew? Job 38:28"It is vain to say, that this is the country of the 'white man. ' It is the country of man. " 'O Lord, How Long?

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Private companies are increasingly involved in space exploration, contributing to a new space race. [SEP] Text: Fostering the involvement of commercial actors in public programmes is nowadays a dominant consideration of governments and agencies who are increasingly eager to explore new mechanisms to take advantage of private contributions to engage in future programmes and achieve challenging space exploration goals. In general, various announcements and institution-led initiatives, such as the Calls for Ideas launched by the Agency (ESA) to trigger a commercial utilization of the ISS, underline the increasing interest of space agencies in opening exploration programmes to commercial contributions and reap associated benefits. The growing opportunity of a more prominent contribution of commercial actors to space exploration also lies in the so-called ecosystem, a business-driven dynamic of the space sector which is characterized by the following interrelated trends: new entrants in the space sector including large information and information and communications technology (ICT) firms, start-ups and new business ventures, innovative industrial approaches with announcements and initial developments of ambitious projects based on new processes, disruptive market solutions providing, for example, integrated services, lower prices, reduced lead time, lower complexity or higher performance among other value proposition features, substantial private investments from different sources and involving different funding mechanisms, new industry verticals and space markets targeting the provision of applications. In this new ecosystem, space exploration and human spaceflight have become domains of interest for private companies, entrepreneurs and investors, eager to engage in commercial endeavours and conduct business in these fields. Among new target markets pursued by commercial actors, space mining, orbital tourism or even planetary colonization were recently put under the spotlight by ambitious private project announcements. This general context creates programmatic opportunities and strategic challenges for space agencies. For this reason, the (ESPI) and the Agency (ASI) decided to conduct a study on the potential contributions of commercial actors to space exploration. This study aims to investigate the current space exploration geopolitical, commercial and programmatic environment to identify elements that would drive, or prevent, a more prominent contribution of private actors to space exploration and to analyse the conditions, mechanisms and expected impacts/benefits of potential contributions. This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access. Access this 34. 9910 units per month Download 29. 95 Price excludes VAT (USA) Available as PDF Read on any device Instant download Own it forever Buy 44. 99 Price excludes VAT (USA) Available as EPUB and PDF Read on any device Instant download Own it forever Buy e59.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Gene drives can fully eliminate any pest species within one generation. [SEP] Text: To achieve these goals, we monitored six ME roosting colonies in Wallonia (Belgium) at three sampling points throughout the breeding season via metabarcoding of DNA extracted from feces. This species’ range extends from southern, southwestern and central Europe to Asia Minor. The study area corresponded to the northern limit of the range of this bat species where, despite a trend towards a recovery in the population size in recent decades [45], a combination of insular distribution [34] and low genetic diversity [46] makes it especially vulnerable. ME—a thermophilic species—probably encounters ecological limits in Belgium. In fact, the species is classified as “Near Threatened” on the List, implying that it warrants special attention [47]. It has been hypothesized that preferred prey items might be less available under suboptimal conditions at the northern margin of the geographic range of insectivorous bat species [48]. Geoffroy’s bats preferentially prey on spiders, which are mostly caught by foraging in cluttered environments such as woodlands [30,31,49–52]. However, ME females have a high energetic demand during the reproductive period [53,54]. As it would be hard for these females to fulfill their increased needs by only foraging in woodlands, they appear to adopt a more opportunistic diet by feeding abundantly on cattle-related flies captured in and around cowsheds [30,31,35,52,55–57]. We thus focused on this species to overcome the current lack of studies on its diet at the northern edge of its range using the most advanced genetic tools. Indeed, only a handful of research studies have incorporated high-throughput sequencing to investigate the ME prey spectrum. Furthermore, the few cases that did so were restricted to Mediterranean [39,56] and Atlantic climatic conditions [40,56,58], while entomofauna communities are expected to widely differ under the temperate climatic conditions that prevail in Belgium. More specifically, our first objective was to determine which arthropod orders dominated the ME diet at the northern margin of its distribution range. Here, in accordance with the findings of previous research studies carried out under temperate climatic conditions [52,55,57,59], we predicted a congruent dietary spectrum across the bat colonies, with Diptera prevailing, followed by Araneae and, to a lesser extent, Lepidoptera.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: 'Our Soldiers' upon the HeartNecessary for the Voyage of LifeSonnet ("I gazed upon the silent burial-ground")Nature's Help for the SoulNature a 's GroveOctober ("All day, admist the forests' splendor bright")and the Statesmanof Science, And of of the Springof TimeMotherHymn: of the SpiritHymn ("Admist the pastures green")of the come the Dead? 's TreasuresClose sectionSonnets on Reconstruction I. A Nation's. . IV. ("A unity complete, assured, and high") Reflections on the History of and the of at the Dedication of the of Science, Salem, Aug. 18, 1869have hoarded up treasure in the last days. —James 5:3Hymn: BodyHymn: of a Mother's surprises and the capture of capitals, are the events of a by-gone age. D'-'s SongsHymn, Sung at the of the Society, Salem. April 21, 1871of History Unlearnedof The GentilesTo a CloudThe Child's Dream of Reaching the 's of WinterInterpreting God's of MayOn the of the Christian Church, The Catholic, the Protestant, and the GreekO'Clock Bell"Are there Few that be Saved? " Luke 13:23the from Cook's Hill, in West PeabodySigns in the Natural WorldA Walk in Harmony Groveof Jabezof the FlowerDanvers Burying-GroundHymn ("He loveth not! he knows not God! ")Norman's RocksOn visiting the beautiful estate of H. H. Hunnewell, Esq. , at Wellesleyof a little child shall lead them. Isaiah XI. 6of RainOn the front of the house of the late Capt. Robert W. GouldOctober ("How beautiful the sight of woods still fair")Builders: the work of the late J. W. FosterBlessed are they that mourn: for they shall be comfortedThere shall be one Flock, one Shepherdof Salem: Illustrated by George M. WhiteColumbines and Anemonesin WinterReverenceInward PhenomenaTo the Memory of of the a Lichen from North Cape: Gathered by Mr. J. M.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Mars rovers are currently exploring the surface of Mars and sending back data to Earth. [SEP] Text: On the basis of surveyed ground control points it is demonstrated that the joint analysis produces RMS errors of 0. 24, 0. 15, and 0. 38 m in x, y, and z% directions in a local coordinate system, respectively, for ground points within 500 m from the landing point and 0. 23, 0. 21, and 0. 46 m within a distance of 1. 5 km. Results show that it is possible to meet the 0. 1 goal using descent and rover-based data only. 1. Introduction [2] The purpose of this paper is to explore and test a method of locating Mars rovers within local coordinate systems using a combined reduction of descent and rover-based image data. in 1997 clearly demonstrated the importance of mobility systems in that the provided powerful close-range exploration tools for microscale rock investigation, soil research, and other scientific objectives within an area of ∼10 m × 10 m from the lander [Raeburn and Golombek, 1998; Golombek et al. , 1997]. In the planned 2003 Rover (MER) Mission two rovers will be on the surface, each traversing up to 1 km, acquiring remote sensing and in situ data as they travel across the surface. Unfortunately, neither Pathfinder nor MER have the advantage of descent image data to help localize rover positions within a local coordinate system. the use of the Imager for (IMP) cameras on the lander mitigated the lack of descent data. For MER the lack of sufficient descent images will present challenges associated with determining rover locations within existing orbital image data with a few meters spatial resolution, i. e. , Camera (MOC). In the future, (HRSC) high-resolution stereo camera and super resolution camera (SRC) imaging systems may supply stereo images of resolutions of 10 and 2. 3 m, respectively, for a landing site [Albertz et al. , 1996; Pischel et al. , 2001]. will obtain images of a resolution better than 0. 5 m. However, Mars descent images have hierarchical resolutions and the vertical stereo imaging capability. They can be used for bridging orbital and ground images and have unmatchable potential for supporting local landing site characterization. In this paper we demonstrate the ability to locate rover positions to within 0. 1% accuracy and further that descent image data are important to reach this accuracy.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Gene drives can fully eliminate any pest species within one generation. [SEP] Text: A recent study similarly related temporal dietary differences with energy requirements of females during the lactation period [117]. In addition, as weaning of young starts in August [62], such a great reliance on cattle flies could also be attributed to the presence of inexperienced young accompanying adults in search for easy-to-catch and abundant food. Feeding on S. calcitrans and M. domestica was not influenced by the number of cattle within a 10 km radius around the colony, although secondary predation on cows was observed (Fig 8). Note also that none of the locality pairwise comparisons of the diet (S4 Table) included these two flies, thus implying that their consumption was not a driver of differentiation between sites, but instead that these taxa were preyed upon in each colony (Kruskal-Wallis tests). We therefore revealed that feeding on cattle flies was not restricted to the colonies located in agricultural landscapes (e. g. Aubel) but occurred in all nursery roosts, regardless of whether livestock were nearby. In accordance with our results, Brinkmann (unpublished data) found that eight radio-tracked female ME bats flew further to feed in cowsheds instead of foraging in available forest stands near their colony in southern Germany. Hence, feeding around cattle would not be as opportunistic and punctual as previously thought for this bat species [51,52,56,59,118], and we instead suggest that ME bats may actively search for cowsheds and surrounding pastures, which then become privileged foraging sites during the breeding period, as they offer an extremely abundant and reliable food source in the suboptimal conditions of the northern margin of ME range [35]. Here bats would thus temporally switch their otherwise spider-rich to a fly-rich diet, thereby highlighting their foraging behavior plasticity. E. M. emarginatus is an agile gleaner forest forager In line with our third hypothesis, ME consumed a broad range of non-flying prey species, such as Lepidoptera caterpillars and Araneae (Figs 7 and S3), confirming that this species mainly feeds by substrate gleaning. This was already reported by previous studies with regard to ME foraging strategies, as inferred from analyses of echolocation signals during foraging [49], telemetry data [59], wing morphometric data [38] or diet data [39,52,55,56].

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: Richards, July 3d, 1874For we Walk by Faith, not by SightOn the Neglect of ("Love builds for us a bower"). Felton, Esq. , of BrookfieldOn the Increase of Crime since the of ManSailing on Cakes of Ice in the North River("Not unto men alone has come")of the First ChristiansOn the in New Grenadain Bloomthe Graves of Hawthorne and Thoreauthe Falls of Niagara, as Photographed by George BarkerKnowledge and TruthMt. Shasta: A Painting, by H. O. YoungSong: I Love the LightUs of Time and its DurationTake ye heed, watch and pray: for ye know not when the time is. Mark 13:33in PeabodyMan's Need of a Spiritual BirthOn some Eternals from a friend's gardenHymn: of the Righteous"Tuesday night, the schooner Weaver, of Glen Creek, N. J. , went to pieces near Sandy Hook, and her entire crew were lost": Transcript, March 22dof the at PhiladelphiaEvolutionCapt. Samuel CookOn the Beautiful Roses, In front of the Mansion of John Hodges, Esq. waiting at the Pasture GateSong: DayOn some blue and golden Columbines from Pike's Peak, ColoradoDesert of : at Seathe Reconciling Powera Day of FreedomHymn: Reflections at the Close of the Yearthe Clock Strike, in Harmony GroveThe Indians' Belief in a a Visible ObjectLove that Casts out FearMarks on our HillsState of the Wicked and its DurationFaith in the Resurrection ConfirmedSpring and Summer Flowersof the ColumbineMan's AccountabilityHymn: of of by MobsThe Barberry-? Know Thyself: Suggested by hearing Dr. A. E. Miller's Lectures on the "Agriculture the Source of Individual and National Prosperity"—Anne PrattPleasure ("With business haste, or with a worldly mind").

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Mars rovers are currently exploring the surface of Mars and sending back data to Earth. [SEP] Text: The three constraints can be represented as The network can be solved by an extended least squares adjustment in that we apply the least squares principle with the additional requirement [14] In computation the normal matrix N is defined as ATPA and is decomposed into matrices U and V, and a diagonal matrix D: N = ATPA = UDVT. If the rank of N is I and di is the diagonal elements of D, di> 0 and 1 ≤ i ≤ I, the generalized inverse of N is calculated as Finally, the solution becomes The unit weight variance is Here m is the number of observations in (6). The covariance matrix of the unknown vector X is 4. [15] The above model can also be used to integrate the rover images with the descent images, so that the rover locations are included in the rover camera orientation parameters that are estimated within the bundle adjustment computation. Tie points between the rover and descent images must be selected to facilitate the integration. A more efficient way to perform the computation and to implement it in an autonomous environment with limited computational capacity is the so-called incremental bundle adjustment. Assume that we have processed observations from the descent images and first m-1 rover stations. Now we measure tie points between the descent images and rover images of the m-1 rover stations, as well as those between the descent images and the current rover station (m). The observation equation of (6) is decomposed into two parts [16] Equation (14) represents the relationship between the observations upto rover station m-1 and unknowns X, including rover positions up to station m-1. The new rover position of rover station m is contained in the new unknown vector y in (15). Suppose the generalized inverse of the normal matrix of (14) and (15) is then the solution using all the observations up to station m is The covariance matrix is expressed by where [17] In (15), in order to estimate the new rover positions in Ym we will only deal with coefficient matrices computed using the new observations and the part of the network that is linked to the new rover stations. This can reduce the computational intensity and can be used for on-board computation for rover localization. The previous rover positions in Xm will also be updated in (15). 5. 5. 1.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Gene drives can fully eliminate any pest species within one generation. [SEP] Text: - DNA metabarcoding and spatial modelling link diet diversification with distribution homogeneity in European bats. Nat Commun. 2020;11: 1154. pmid:32123172 View 40. . Seasonal shift in the diet of the notched-eared bat (Myotis emarginatus) in the Basque Country: from flies to spiders. Mamm Biol. 2023;103: 419–431. View 41. Metabarcoding dietary analysis in the insectivorous bat Nyctalus leisleri and implications for conservation. J. 2023;11: e111146. pmid:38312339 View 42. . 9—Life-history and of Bats. In: editors. of Bats. London: Academic Press; 2000. 414. 43. . Food for everyone: Differential feeding habits of cryptic bat species inferred from DNA metabarcoding. Mol Ecol. 2021;30: 4584–4600. pmid:34245618 View 44. Lee Y-F, McCracken GF. of Brazilian Free-Links to of Pest Insects. J Mammal. 2005;86: 67–76. View 45. Van der Return of the bats? A prototype indicator of trends in European bat populations in underground hibernacula. Mamm Biol. 2015;80: 170–177. View 46. - Conservation by trans-border cooperation: population genetic structure and diversity of geoffroy’s bat (Myotis emarginatus) at its north-western european range edge. Biodivers Conserv. 2022 [cited 2 Feb 2022]. View 47. C, Smits Q. Mise à jour de la liste rouge des chauves-souris en Wallonie. L’Echo des Rhinos. Sep 2021111: 18–20. View 48. Andreas M, Naďo L, Bendová B, Uhrin M, Maxinová E, Lučan R, et al. Trophic niche and diet composition of the northernmost population of the Mediterranean horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus euryale) with conservation implications. Mamm Res. 2023;68: 189–202. View 49. . Echolocation in the notch-eared bat, Myotis emarginatus. Sociobiol.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: No one left behind: has the pursuit of FP2020’s 120 million additional. . . ALL Metrics - to cite this 10. 12688/gatesopenres. 13339. 2) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all 2030. org) author: Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information: This work was supported by the Bill and Foundation (INV-007490). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Copyright: © 2022 et al. This is an open access 10. 12688/gatesopenres. 13339. 2) First published: 28 Jul 2021, 5:114 ( Latest published: 28 Jan 2022, 5:114 ( from Version 1 We included additional rational in the methods section on why we opted to use modern contraceptive prevalence over other family planning indicators such as unmet need and demand satisfied. We also edited our discussion section where we included additional details around the limitations of this analysis. Finally, we edited the wealth graphic (Figure 2) and education graphic (Figure 4) with detailed captions that provide additional descriptions on how to interpret the visualizations. We included additional rational in the methods section on why we opted to use modern contraceptive prevalence over other family planning indicators such as unmet need and demand satisfied. We also edited our discussion section where we included additional details around the limitations of this analysis. Finally, we edited the wealth graphic (Figure 2) and education graphic (Figure 4) with detailed captions that provide additional descriptions on how to interpret the visualizations. See the authors' detailed response to the review by See the authors' detailed response to the review by 2012 at the on Family Planning, key family planning partners came together to reinvigorate the family planning movement and accelerate progress toward universal access to family planning. The summit led to the creation of the 2020 partnership (FP2020) with the aim of improving access to voluntary family planning information and services and enable 120 million additional women to use modern contraceptives in 69 focus countries by 2020. Many in the family planning community welcomed the new commitments of aid from donors, new commitments by country governments, and the push to bolster family planning as a development priority; however, there were also concerns about the focus on numbers of contraceptive users and a global goal1,2.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Mars rovers are currently exploring the surface of Mars and sending back data to Earth. [SEP] Text: The adjustment result shows that the positions of the rover cameras can be localized with an accuracy of 1 m within a distance of ∼1. 5 km from the descending center. The computed RMS errors of the ground coordinates of the checkpoints are 0. 229, 0. 205, and 0. 455 m in the x, y, and y directions, respectively. Figure 8 demonstrates the relationship between the point accuracy and the distance from the descending center. Figure 8Open in figure viewerPowerpoint accuracy versus distance from the descending center (descent and rover images). Table 2. of Parameters for the Images Photo-ID ΔX, m ΔY, m ΔZ, m Δω, min:s Δϕ, min:s Δκ, min:s Distance to Descent Center, m 1356 0. 051 0. 031 0. 038 25:49. 3 74:14. 6 59:43. 3 4. 5 1404 0. 050 0. 032 0. 036 24:36. 1 73:22. 7 57:34. 8 4. 5 4540 0. 316 0. 390 0. 248 41:7. 2 154:19. 0 33:37. 0 566. 0 4611 0. 328 0. 386 0. 253 41:41. 4 154:53. 0 34:36. 0 566. 0 1607 0. 664 0. 533 0. 976 17:3. 4 113:17. 5 16:51. 6 1518. 3 1617 0. 662 0. 530 0. 978 16:59. 2 113:14. 3 16:49. 9 1518. 3 6. Conclusions [29] Large-scale mapping of and rover localization on the Martian surface using descent and rover stereo images has been studied through the processing of the field data collected at the test site. On the basis of the above computational results and analysis, the RMS errors of coordinates in the x, y, and z directions are around 0. 24, 0. 15, and 0. 38 m, respectively, for ground points within 500 m from the descending center. They are around 0. 23, 0. 21, and 0. 46 m for ground points within 1. 5 km from the descending center. The rover can be localized at an accuracy of about 1m over a distance of 1. 5 km.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Gene drives can fully eliminate any pest species within one generation. [SEP] Text: pmid:32403224 View 97. Quéméré Unraveling the dietary diversity of Neotropical top predators using scat DNA metabarcoding: A case study on the elusive Giant Otter. Environ DNA. 2021;3: 889–900. View 98. É, et al. The diet of commensal Crocidura olivieri (Soricomorpha: Soricidae): predation on co-existing invasive Mus musculus suggested by DNA metabarcoding data. Mammalia. 2023;87: 326–334. View 99. Sow A, Brévault œur d’Acier A, et al. DNA sequencing to help identify crop pests and their natural enemies in agro-ecosystems: The case of the millet head miner Heliocheilus albipunctella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in sub-Saharan Africa. Biol Control. 2018;121: 199–207. View 100. --Y, et al. Increasing the utility of barcode databases through high-throughput sequencing of amplicons from dried museum specimens, an example on parasitic hymenoptera (Braconidae). Biol Control. 2018;122: 93–100. View 101. Seasonal variations in the plant diet of the revealed by fecal DNA metabarcoding analysis. Avian Res. 2022;13: 100034. View 102. . Dietary DNA metabarcoding reveals seasonal trophic changes among three syntopic freshwater trout species. Freshw Biol. 2021;66: 509–523. View 103. . DNA metabarcoding unveils multiscale trophic variation in a widespread coastal opportunist. Mol Ecol. 2019;28: 232–249. pmid:30276912 View 104. Use of DNA metabarcoding of bird pellets in understanding raptor diet on the Qinghai-of China. Avian Res. 2021;12: 42. View 105. eDNA metabarcoding reveals a core and secondary diets of the greater horseshoe bat with strong spatio-temporal plasticity. Environ DNA. 2021;3: 277–296. View 106. da Advancing the integration of multi-marker metabarcoding data in dietary analysis of trophic generalists. Resour.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: Advocates pointed toward family planning’s past experiences of coercion and targets, warning that the FP2020 goal could lead to a focus on numbers and prioritization of easier to reach populations. One outcome of this early concern was a call by the family planning community for a clear focus on rights and empowerment as guiding principles of the FP2020 partnership3. A Rights and Group was established by FP2020 to advance rights-based family planning, and the group provided early guidance to FP2020 and the family planning community. The FP2020 partnership now recognizes 10 rights and empowerment principles of family planning, including agency and autonomy; availability; accessibility; acceptability; quality; empowerment; equity and non-discrimination; informed choice; transparency and accountability; and voice and participation4. Over the last eight years of the partnership, FP2020 worked with partners to ensure that these rights principles are understood by family planning decision-makers, and incorporated into new commitments and family planning-costed implementation plans. But monitoring whether these rights principles are adhered to has remained a measurement challenge that FP2020 and partners are still working on. Thus, one outstanding question as FP2020 begins to look toward the 2030 (FP2030) partnership, is whether the FP2020 goal exacerbated inequities and led to a prioritization of populations within countries where substantial gains towards the 120 million goal could be made. Ultimately, we aim to examine whether the effort to accelerate progress and expand contraceptive use has left some women behind. This question is particularly relevant in the context of a family planning partnership that supports the Goals and the pledge that no one will be left behind5. To assess this question, we examined FP2020 country progress data for signs of inequity in the gains in modern contraceptive prevalence (MCP), in FP2020 focus countries since 2012. This research is critical for informing the FP2030 partnership (which builds on the work of FP2020), as family planning policy makers begin to turn their attention to new commitments. Family planning progress and assessing inequityFP2020’s annual reporting of contraceptive use has been facilitated by the adoption of statistical models that allow the estimation of a number of key family planning indicators, including MCP, using all available surveys and country health management information system statistics6. These data indicate that as of July 2020, there were over 320 million total users of modern methods of contraception in the 69 FP2020 focus countries, i. e. 60 million additional users of modern contraception as compared to 2012.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Mars rovers are currently exploring the surface of Mars and sending back data to Earth. [SEP] Text: In several of the runoff channels in the southern and southwestern region of the playa, as well as other local depressions, individual evaporite crystals were observed (Fig. 7e). These did not coat the surface like the thin white crust or the powdery, flour-like surface. Instead, these crystals were found sporadically, with larger crystals found in deeper depressions. Figure 5Large-scale features observed by drone around Deep Springs. (a) Spring mounds surrounded by polygonal fractures within Lake. (b) Closer view of one spring mound and polygonal fracture. (c) Edge of Lake showing compressed shorelines that are similar to those seen in Fig. 7d and f. The shoreline is indicated by bounding dashed lines. In between these dashed lines, the shoreline is filled with curvilinear features that are compressed and follow the same pattern. Sediment in the study area was assessed visually with sediment traps and using a 2. 54 cm PVC push core. No sand was collected at any height in any of the sediment traps over two different deployment time spans. In the first sediment traps that were deployed (Fig. 1c) only trace amounts of dust were collected. In the second set of sediment traps (Fig. 1d) no sediment of any size was captured. Two push cores were collected at a depth of 75 and 60 cm on the western and eastern margins of the playa, respectively (Fig. 1a). The cores compressed to 30 and 24 cm, respectively, and in both cases were composed of massive black silt- and clay-sized mud (Fig. 6h). By manual inspection, no sand-sized grains were found in either core, consistent with observations of the surface and from the sediment traps. Loose sediment besides the powdery evaporite deposits was rarely observed on the mudflat surface of the playa. 2019, well-rounded clasts ranging from 500 µm to >2 mm in diameter were seen in groups on the playa surface, concentrating in local topographic lows. On inspection these grains could be crushed between two fingers and were determined to be aggregates of silt and clay grains (Fig. 6g). Beyond the playa margins the landscape transitions from mudflats to grasses and shrubbery. Here, vegetated mounds previously interpreted as coppice dunes (Jones, 1965) stand 1–2 m high.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Gene drives can fully eliminate any pest species within one generation. [SEP] Text: Adapter sequences and low quality raw reads were trimmed using a 4 bp sliding window with a mean quality threshold of 15 and minimum read length of 36 bp with Trimmomatic v0. 36 [43]. To call variants between the GER and USA clones, we used the SuperTranscripts pipeline, applied via Trinity v2. 5. 1 [44] separately for each clone (GER or USA). SuperTranscripts are created from all of the unique exonic sequences in a gene, in transcriptional order. This means that each gene is represented by a single sequence [45]. Although these SuperTranscripts do not necessarily represent any true biological molecule, they provide a good substitute for a reference genome [45]. To ensure that we only called SNPs that were fixed in each clone, we ran the entire variant-calling pipeline twice, using each of the SuperTranscripts assemblies as a reference. First, we assembled the raw reads (from both temperatures) that belong to GER and USA clones separately creating a complete transcriptome for each clone to further look for fixed variants between the clones. We produced two assemblies called “GER-assembly” and “USA-assembly”. To filter out contigs belonging to contaminants, either algae or bacteria, we created a “filtering contaminants pipeline”. First, we created a local contaminant database using sequences downloaded from NCBI which belong to potential algae contaminants species present in the culture medium: Monoraphidium minutum, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and Cryptomonas sp. Then, we downloaded from NCBI the available transcriptome assembly of Brachionus calyciflorus species with accession number GACL00000000. 1 [32] and we created a second database of the reference transcriptome. Using a custom perl script, reads matched to any of the two databases. Only contigs with a best hit to the B. calyciflorus reference transcriptome were retained; reads matched to both databases with a bit score difference less than 100 were discarded. We also removed ribosomal RNA reads by performing a blastn search (ncbi-blast-2. 6. 0) [46] with an e-value cutoff of 1e-10 on a local database consisting of 18S and 28S sequences of Brachionus species downloaded from NCBI.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: Since 2012, 26 countries have each gained more than 500,000 additional users of modern methods. Among these countries, 14 have seen the number of additional users grow by more than one million women and girls. While the pace of progress has been far short of the acceleration needed to achieve the FP2020 goal of 120 million additional users by 2020, there has been a clear focus by countries on increasing family planning coverage. As part of their FP2020 commitments, 45 countries established goals of increasing contraceptive prevalence through voluntary family planning programs. Almost all FP2020 countries addressed inequity in their FP2020 commitments as well, principally through commitments to improve access for adolescents and youth (41 countries), but also through efforts to address wealth and geographic inequities (13 countries). Progress has varied across regions and countries, but many countries across sub-Saharan and have seen rapid annual gains in modern contraceptive prevalence since 2012, most notably Mozambique at 2. 7 percentage points per year, at 1. 4 percentage points, Malawi, and at 1. 3 percentage points, and Senegal at 1. 2 percentage points. Many researchers have addressed how to evaluate equitable access to public health programs, including family planning7–11. One study across various areas of health concluded residence, race/ethnicity, occupation, gender/sex, religion, education, socioeconomic status, and social status are key sociodemographic factors that can elucidate inequities12,13. A recent special issue analyzed inequalities in coverage of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health, and illustrated the wide inequality in reproductive health coverage in many countries across several dimensions, including wealth, age, and geography14. These analyses, however, did not examine changes in inequity over time, and the most recent examination of contraceptive prevalence was an examination of trends through the Goals era, relying only on surveys through 2013. While there are multiple dimensions to equity, most researchers agree that wealth is essential to assess disparities in contraceptive use. Recently published literature on FP2020 countries suggests poverty among married women declined over time while modern contraceptive use increased15. Furthermore, an analysis of 46 countries completed using data from many FP2020 countries (though outside the FP2020 period) from national surveys from 1990–2013, found that the contraceptive use gap between the poorest and the richest has narrowed and modern methods account for nearly all the increase in contraceptive use16.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The International Space Station has been continuously inhabited by astronauts for over 20 years. [SEP] Text: In the case of treated endometritis, the postoperative diagnostic hysteroscopic assessment may be of value in order to detect early filmy IUA and treat these accordingly. This policy may avoid further development of more severe IUA, which are more difficult to excise. Amenorrhoea during prolonged lactation rarely provokes IUA formation [11]. It is unknown if this rare observation can be associated with the prolonged use of progesterone pill or an undetected minor postpartum infection. Breastfeeding should be encouraged and most of the mothers tend to breastfeed their babies for a couple of months (few however for longer periods in developed counties). Breastfeeding increases contractions of the uterus, which enhances the spontaneous evacuation of lochia. In appropriate organised units, a hysteroscopic evaluation of the endometrial cavity could be informative for research needs in case of prolonged amenorrhoea due to lactation (for example amenorrhoea more than 12 months). Successful family planning, education about and awareness of different contraceptive methods and easy access to gynaecological advice should help to decrease the number of terminations that are currently practiced. The organised early pregnancy units and family planning clinics will play a paramount role in the future for the above purposes. Technological advances in recent years allow the use of smaller hysteroscopes facilitating hysteroscopic examination in an outpatient setting [34, 45]. Early detection of IUA may improve management strategies. Women who had puerperal surgical evacuation of retained placenta tissues, proved to have an increased risk of IUA formation (up to 40%) during hysteroscopic assessment 3 months postoperatively [11]. An early hysteroscopic assessment could detect and treat IUAs avoiding worsening synechia formation. Auto-cross hyaluronic acid gel [46] was proposed as a mean of prevention of IUA. Amnion graft following hysteroscopic lysis of IUA was recently proposed as another option in order to decrease recurrence of IUA after treatment and facilitate the re-epithelisation of the uterine cavity [47]. Further studies are needed to evaluate long term these options for both modalities. Objective outcome measuresMenstruation and fertilityImprovement of menstrual blood flow is the end result in most cases of adhesiolysis varying from 80% to 96. 8% [8, 40, 43, and 48].

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Gene drives can fully eliminate any pest species within one generation. [SEP] Text: Blast2GO: A universal tool for annotation, visualization and analysis in functional genomics research. Bioinformatics. 2005; 21(18): 3674–3676. pmid:16081474 View 53. . KAAS: An automatic genome annotation and pathway reconstruction server. Res. 2007; 35: 182–185. pmid:17526522 View 54. R CoreTeam. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria; 2013. ( 55. . PredictSNP: robust and accurate consensus classifier for prediction of disease-related mutations. . 2014; 10: e1003440. pmid:24453961 View 56. Li B, Dewey CN. RSEM: accurate transcript quantification from RNA-seq data with or without a reference genome. BMC Bioinformatics. 2011; 12: 323. pmid:21816040 View 57. EBSeq: An empirical Bayes hierarchical model for inference in RNA-seq experiments. Bioinformatics. 2013; 29(8): 1035–1043. pmid:23428641 View 58. Chen G, Hare MP. Cryptic ecological diversification of a planktonic estuarine copepod, Acartia tonsa. Mol Ecol. 2008; 17(6):1451–68. pmid:18248575 View 59. . A model evaluating the contribution of environmental factors to the production of resting eggs in the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. Hydrobiologia. 1993; 255/256: 127–138. View 60. . The glutathione s-transferase supergene family: Regulation of GST and the contribution of the lsoenzymes to cancer chemoprotection and drug resistance part i. Biol. 1995; 30(6): 445–520. pmid:8770536 View 61. Kadlubar FF. Biochemical individuality and its implications for drug and carcinogen metabolism: Recent insights from acetyltransferase and cytochrome p4501a2 phenotyping and genotyping in humans. Rev. 1994; 26(1–2): 37–46. pmid:8082575 View 62. . Deficiency in to Death and in Plant Morphology. Cell. 2000; 12: 405–417.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: In addition to examining differences related to wealth, in this analysis, we evaluate whether the growth in MCP has been equitable across multiple demographic characteristics, including residence (rural and urban), level of education (no education, primary, secondary, higher), age groups (15–19, 20–24, 25–29, 30–34, 35, 39, 40–44, 45–49), and marital status (married, all women, and unmarried sexually activei). MethodsWe examined data availability across the 69 FP2020 countries and selected 11 countries (and Zimbabwe), as they had data from two surveysii of the same survey type (Demographic and [DHS] or [MICS]) between 2010 and 2019, and were an FP2020 commitment-making country. Countries that did not meet these criteria were excludediii. While FP2020 annual progress reporting relies on national-level modeled estimates of MCP, in this analysis we focused on survey data because models do not yet produce estimates for the majority of the dimensions of inequity examined in this paper. We included surveys from 2010 so we could complete the analysis for a larger pool of countries and assess progress during the years of the FP2020 partnership. The average number of years between two surveys was more than four. We also focused exclusively on FP2020 commitment-making countries because these countries had explicitly pledged to increasing contraceptive use. We evaluated whether MCP growth had been equitable by assessing MCP between two surveys stratified by residence (rural, urban), levels of education (no education, primary, secondary, higher), age groups (15–19, 20–24, 25–29, 30–34, 35, 39, 40–44, 45–49), marital status (married, all women, unmarried sexually active), and wealth (poorest, poorer, middle, richer, richest). Our analysis uses MCPR as the outcome of interest because it is a widely understood and reliable measure that can be easily calculated across different surveys. Additionally, while evaluating increases in MCPR across equity dimensions alone does not contextualize the need-focused indicators such as unmet need or demand satisfied, MCPR follows a reliable pattern of growth whereas unmet need and demand satisfied do not. Unmet need can increase in a country when demand for family planning is generated. It would be difficult to quantify from cross-sectional population-based surveys if unmet need in a country is increasing due to lack of programs or demand generation.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Space agencies are working on missions to explore asteroids for potential mining. [SEP] Text: In DE418, 12 asteroids among the ``major'' were empirically selected: the process consisted in searching which set of asteroids allowed to keep the residuals of the unfit range measurements in 2006 and 2007 small, the masses being estimated without constraints from the data through the end of 2005. The other 56 ``major'' asteroids were held at assumed nominal values. As for the ``minor'' asteroids, their masses were estimated from three density classes, and a volume estimated. Improving the current data on the most important perturbers of Mars would allow to better model their perturbations but, also, those from the remaining smaller asteroids. 2. 3. . . but great expectations from space missions By foreseeing the possibility of measuring the masses of asteroids sufficiently perturbing Mars, the paper by Williams (1984) can also be viewed as a precursor for the detection of Mars perturbers. However, as it is difficult to pick out the perturbations from one asteroid among the large number of small perturbations on Mars, deriving masses by this method is limited to only the largest asteroids. Measuring asteroid masses appears as the current best solution to the problem of Mars ephemeris and several future space missions offer interesting perspectives in this regard. The main contribution will come from the Gaia mission. This ESA astrometric mission, due for launch in early 2012, will pinpoint about 350 000 asteroids - mainly main-belt asteroids - down to V = 20 mag with an unprecedented positional precision - at the sub-milliarcsecond level for single observation. Thus, numerous applications to asteroid science are expected (Mignard et al. 2007), including the determination of the masses of over 100 such bodies. With this unique level of astrometric accuracy, close approaches between two asteroids will show up as deviations of their unperturbed motion that would be unnoticed with standard sub-arcsec astrometry. Therefore the number of usable approaches will be very large with repeated occurrences during the mission lifetime of 5 years. This method, which provided the first mass of an asteroid - (4) Vesta, Hertz 1966 - has remained the most productive. However, the accuracy of observations from the ground combined with the limited range of achievable solar elongations allows us to analyse only very significant gravitational signatures and explains in part the low number of known masses (54 with a precision better than 50%).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The majority of agricultural pests will be controlled through gene drives within the next decade, replacing chemical pesticides. [SEP] Text: (Photographer: full image in a new tab (Longicorn, or Long-Horned, Beetles). These insects derive their name from their long antennae (11), sometimes exceeding their body length. The larvae (grubs) have three pairs of highly reduced thoracic legs, as well as nine pairs of prolegs, which aid them in locomotion. The prothorax is large and broader than the remaining segments. The grubs bore into the wood of trees or sometimes into the roots or pith of herbaceous plants (Abivardi, 11. Aromia moschata L. , adult. (Photographer: full image in a new tab (Leaf Beetles) This is a large family with great diversity of form and habitat. Among numerous subfamilies, the subfamily Chrysomelinae includes the most injurious pests of this family. For instance, the well-known Beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Pers. Susk-e barg-ḵār-e sib-zamini; 12a), which was, until 1984, considered a quarantined pest in Persia, is now a serious pest of potatoes in Azerbaijan (Abivardi, p. 703, 706; Zomorrodi, p. 611). This insect feeds exclusively on the foliage of cultivated and wild plants in the family Solanaceae. It is, however, a major pest of potatoes, eggplant and tomatoes. Adults and larvae feed on foliage in the same manner (12b). potato beetles are present early in the season, they will clip small tomato or eggplant transplants or emerging potato shoots at the ground level. Two other important pests of this family in Persia are: sugar beet flea beetles, and cereal leaf beetles (Abivardi, 14. Scolytus mali Becht. galleries. (Photographer: full image in a new tab (5) The most important members of this order are flies or mosquitoes that have been of great medical importance since antiquity. The metamorphosis is complete. The larvae are legless, usually with the head reduced and retracted. The main agricultural pests of Diptera comprise leaf miners and flies attacking different parts of plants (Abivardi, 15. A fruit Fly (Tephritidae). (Courtesy: Larry L. .

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: Furthermore, the indicator of demand satisfied relies on the underlying assumption that women are satisfied with the method17,18. As such, we used MCPR as our main outcome indicator. In this paper, we present MCP by levels of the abovementioned dimensions: wealth, residence, education, age, marital status, and sexual activity. We conducted a bivariate analysis where MCP estimates for married women were stratified by each of the socio-demographic dimensions, and weighted using survey-specific weights; confidence intervals were also calculated. Estimates of MCP by age and for unmarried, sexually active women were calculated in the same manner but were for all women in the survey. MCP gains were considered significant if the 95% confidence intervals for MCP stratified by the above-mentioned different socio-demographic dimensions did not overlap between surveys. Though this approach to testing the differences in means using hypothesis testing is more conservative, this approach can be easily interpreted by a wider audience. The MCP gains were considered equitable if larger or equivalent gains were seen in comparatively more disadvantaged populations. In this analysis, we qualify disadvantaged populations as those that are rural, have no education, aged 15–19, unmarried and sexually active in the last 30 days, or the poorest (or poorer group). To assess MCP change by wealth, we did not use the DHS or MICS calculated wealth quintiles as those should not be compared across surveys nor time19. Instead, we constructed five wealth groups based on Lab’s Index (IWI) guidance using household assets; the reconstruction of wealth groups allowed for cross-country and across-time comparisons20. Lab’s methods uses factor-loadings produced from a principal components analysis using data from over two million households across 97 countries. If, based on the IWI, 50% of a country’s women reside in households with less than 50% of the assets, these women live in households that are among the poorer households globally. We also evaluated whether the number of women in each of the socio-demographic dimensions changed between surveys. For example, did fewer women have “no education” in the latest survey compared to the older survey? Or, did households in which women reside gain wealth over time?

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Water has been detected on the Moon and Mars, opening possibilities for future human colonization. [SEP] Text: What NASA’s have officially found deposits of water on Mars. To be more specific, scientists have found multiple large sheets of ice tucked away under Mar’s surface. This discovery isn’t a shock to researchers because they have known for a while that Mars was hiding water somewhere, but now we actually know where the ice is. NASA has found 8 sites where there appear to be large ice deposits that are somewhat close to the surface, NASA estimates that they’re covered in about 1 to 2 yards of rocks. In the picture below the ice is highlighted blue, and you can see that it is sandwiched by the Martian surface. “Mars tugs at the human imagination like no other planet. With a force mightier than gravity, it attracts the eye to the shimmering red presence in the clear night sky. ” — John NobleThese deposits, like what you see below, are substantially large, possibly 100 meters thick. These scarps that they’ve found the ice under is actually steep, which tells researchers that the ice is newer, possibly 1 million years old or younger. You might be wondering just who we have to thank for this discovery, and it is none other than the Orbiter (also called the MRO). It was able to use high resolution imagining equipment to look at scarps on the Martian surface and see the ice deposits. NASA scientists believe that these ice pockets were actually from snow long ago, but we don’t really 100% know just yet. So far NASA has found 8 of these deposits, but the high imaging that the MRO is performing has only seen about 3% of the Martian surface, meaning that the likelihood of finding more ice deposits is very high. What’s important is that these locations are located near Mars’ equator, not towards the poles. Humans will be able to have an easier time living at the equator of the planet as opposed to the harsher temperatures at the north and south pole of the planet. “Mars is there, waiting to be reached. ” — Buzz AldrinOne aspect of this discovery is that these ice layers can actually teach us a lot about the history of Mars to help us further understand this planet that has captured the attention of so many people. Scientists can look at the composition of the ice to see just what is in it, and from that, they can determine the makeup of Mar’s ancient atmosphere.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The majority of agricultural pests will be controlled through gene drives within the next decade, replacing chemical pesticides. [SEP] Text: Hill, Pests of the Tropics and their Control, 2nd ed. , London, 1983. Idem, Pests of and their Control, London, 1987. Moḥammad Moʾmen Ḥosayni (Mir Moḥammad Zamān Tankāboni), Tohfat al-moʾmenin, introd. M. Najmabadi, Tehran, 1959 (offset; in Persian). M. Ḵānjāni, Āfāt-e giāhān-e zerāi-ye Irān(hašarāt va kanahā) (Field crop pests in Iran: insects and mites),Tehran, 2004. B. Landsberger, des alten Mesopotamien nach der 14. Tafel der Serie HAR-RA = der Philologisch-der Sächsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 42, no. 6, 1934. A. Mirkarimi, Parvanahā-ye mohem-e Irān (rāst bālpulakhā— lepidopera) ([Color atlas of] Common butterflies and moths in Iran), Qazvin, 2003. W. Muntschick, ed. , Engelbert Kaempfer: Phoenix persicus. der Dattelpalme, Marburg, 1987. E. Pur-e Dāvud, Farhang-e bāstān-e Irān, 3rd ed. , pt. 1, Tehran, 1977. Qāsem b. Yusof Abo’l-Naṣri Haravi, Eršād al-zerāʿa, ed. M. Moširi. Tehran, 1977. G. Rajabi, Hašarāt-e čubḵār-e deraḵtān-e miva-ye sardsiri-ye Irān (Xylophagous insects of rosaceous trees in Iran) [I], Tehran, 1976; II (Lepidoptera), Tehran, 1986; I (Coleoptera), 2nd ed. , Tehran, 1991. A.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: These findings can also help contextualize if MCP gains were made in more advantaged socio-demographic groups at the expense of most of the population (provided that the most advantaged group in any country will make up a smaller proportion of the total population). For MICS surveys from Sierra Leone, all data cleaning was completed in RStudio (version 4. 0. 2) since MICS surveys are saved as SPSS file and Stata 15 does not support SPSS files. For all DHS surveys, Stata 15 was used to complete the analysis. Ethical considerationsThe DHS Program procedures and questionnaires have been approved by. Furthermore, additional approval is obtained by the IRB in the country of the survey. According to the DHS Program, all surveys are in compliance with the Department of Health and policies for protection of human subjects and the IRB in the country of the survey ensures the questionnaire is in compliance with the country’s laws and norms. Moreover, before each interview is conducted participants are read a consent statement – the participant can accept or decline to participate. The consent emphasizes that participation is voluntary. Additional information on DHS Program’s ethical standards can be found here: similarly follows strict ethical guidelines. According to MICS, during the planning and designing stage of the survey, a governing structure is established. This governing structure is responsible for the formation of the steering and technical committees that are responsible for the implementation of the survey. The steering and technical committees will include focal points for ethical review submission and process. Cultural norms will also be used to adapt questionnaires as needed. Informed consent of all interviewees is required, and participation is voluntary. ResultsOverall, Figure 1 illustrates that MCP increased in nine out of the 11 countries, though the increases were only significant in seven African countries: and Zimbabwe. Figure 1. and Zimbabwe had significant increases in modern contraceptive prevalence (MCP). Blue represents older survey and orange represents latest survey. WealthTable 1 shows the changes in the size of wealth groups between the two surveys. In all 11 countries overall household wealth increased between the two surveys – i. e. the number of households in the poorest (those with 20% of the assets or less) or poorer (those with between 21–40% of assets) groups decreased. Leone, every change in wealth group was significant and households accumulated more assets (i. e. more wealth) between the two surveys (2011–2016). Table 1.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Water has been detected on the Moon and Mars, opening possibilities for future human colonization. [SEP] Text: Like we said above, NASA thinks that the ice deposits are from snow long ago in Mars’ history, so the minerals and composition can teach us a lot about Mars. The scientists who discovered the ice deposits believe that the ice is actually subliminating, meaning that it is shrinking as time goes on. They believe that this is happening because there are fairly sizable chunks of rocks that have fallen into the ice. The other major aspect of this discovery is based on the future of humankind on Mars. One of the members of the team who made this incredible discovery is Shane Byrne, who works at the University of who stated about human consumption of the ice, “Astronauts could essentially just go there with a bucket and a shovel and get all the water they need”. Obviously, this has many space nerds really stoked at this discovery, but what are the implications of this discovery? What does this mean for Mars colonization? Mars is the only place in the solar system where it’s possible for life to become multi-planetarian. – Elon MuskThe discovery of these large ice pockets leads to even greater questions; what does this mean for colonizing Mars? Does this even affect colonization? What could we use the water for? With this discovery, and taking into account what Byrne said, it is extremely possible (in fact probable) that NASA will land our first manned mission near, or on, the places on Mars that have these ice deposits. We would have to pack up our astronauts with drills so they can drill down into where the ice deposits are to get to that resource. That would make living long term on Mars easier since the water is quite literally right there, and it would mean that NASA and other agencies wouldn’t have to pack an insane amount of water for our astronauts. Some people have also brought up the idea that the water can be used to power space vehicles for astronauts to drive around in, which would be incredible. Imagine exploring this alien land and having the capabilities of using the same resource you need to live being used to also power a vehicle so you can really explore and learn all you can about Mars. Again, this will cut down the weight for the actual trip to Mars itself, and it might be possible that the brainiacs at NASA can make that water used for fuel recyclable so it can continue to help our astronauts.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The majority of agricultural pests will be controlled through gene drives within the next decade, replacing chemical pesticides. [SEP] Text: But if half a dozen or even a dozen design-build-test cycles are sufficient to produce moderately efficient gene drives, many molecular biology laboratories around the world will soon be capable of engineering wild populations. Box 1 Could gene drives alter human populations? Not unless we wait for many centuries. Even in a hypothetical future in which human germline editing was considered safe and ethical, a driven alteration would be only four times as abundant as a non-driven alteration a full century after the birth of an edited human. This assumes future generations would not elect to remove the drive. Whole-genome sequencing - a technology that is available in many modern hospitals and is widely expected to be ubiquitous in the near future - is quite capable of detecting the presence of any gene drive if we decide to look. Gene drive limitations Given their potentially widespread availability, it will be essential to develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental limitations of genetic drive systems. First and most important, gene drives require many generations to spread through populations. Once transgenic organisms bearing the gene drive are constructed in the laboratory, they must be released into the wild to mate with wild-type individuals in order to begin the process of spreading the drive through the wild population. The total time required to spread to all members depends on the number of drive-carrying individuals that are released, the generation time of the organism, the efficiency of homing, the impact of the drive on individual fitness, and the dynamics of mating and gene flow in the population, but in general it will take several dozen generations (Burt, 2003; Huang et al. , 2007; Deredec et al. , 2008; Marshall, 2009; Yahara et al. , 2009; Deredec et al. , 2011). Thus, drives will spread very quickly in fast-reproducing species but only slowly in long-lived organisms. Second, gene drives cannot affect species that exclusively practice asexual reproduction through clonal division or self-fertilization. This category includes all viruses and bacteria as well as most unicellular organisms. Highly efficient standard drives might be able to slowly spread through populations that employ a mix of sexual and asexual reproduction, such as certain plants, but drives intended to suppress the population would presumably force target organisms to reproduce asexually in order to avoid suppression. Third, drive-mediated genome alterations are not permanent on an evolutionary timescale.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: How the size of wealth groups changed between surveys (only significant findings at 95% confidence are included). A downward arrow suggests wealth groups size decreased and households moved out of those groups and into another group. ↓↑Burundi↓↑↑EthiopiaHaitiMalawi↓↑↑↑Nepal↓↑↑Pakistan↓↑Senegal↓↑Sierra Leone↓↓↑↑↑Uganda↓↑↑ZimbabweTable 2 shows the changes in MCP between wealth groups between two surveys. Figure 2 illustrates the changes in size of wealth group and MCP by survey. In every country, MCP increased in the lowest wealth group (those with 20% of the assets or less). These findings were significant in six countries – Burundi, Ethiopia, Malawi, Senegal, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. In Malawi, Senegal, Uganda, and Zimbabwe, the increase was around 10%; and in Malawi, the increase among the poorest was 16%. Table 2. MCPR by wealth groups by country with significant MCPR increase denoted by * next to most recent survey estimate confidence interval.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Water has been detected on the Moon and Mars, opening possibilities for future human colonization. [SEP] Text: Now that scientists know that Mars has accessible ice then we can expect to see some great strides in the technology that we will be using on Mars. Beyond our exploration of Mars, this discovery makes a huge impact on the actual colonization of Mars. It’s no secret that humans are looking to the with the hopes of colonization. and many other companies are looking into that possibility. Heck, SpaceX, (the brainchild of our favorite honorary Musk) was born with the sole intent of colonizing Mars. One of the biggest problems that researchers and companies are trying to find an answer to is where they can get water for Martian colonies. Before this discovery, we had to come up with an answer to how we were going to keep a constant supply of water on a planet that had no water. Yes, scientists have known that there was water on Mars for a while but didn’t know how far we would have to drill to find it or if that ice was even accessible. Now we know that the ice deposits are within reach and can be accessed without too much trouble. This doesn’t mean all our issues can be immediately answered, but it does provide some answers. We do believe that this will help speed up actually going to Mars since we at least know there is water. “I think it would be great to be born on Earth and die on Mars. Just hopefully not at the point of impact. ” — Elon MuskOnce we can get more images of the locations of other ice deposits we can start to plan locations for our colonies to have them near the deposits. We could not only provide the necessary water to live, but we could use the deposits to make greenhouses to grow plants needed for food and can even take the basic makeup of the ice to provide oxygen to the people in the colonies. All of these theories and ideas will obviously be tested and simulated like there is no tomorrow to see what is probable and what isn’t, but we now have a good starting point for water on Mars. This discovery is one of the biggest milestones we have had in regards to Mars in quite a long time. This opens up so many opportunities and ideas that seemed impossible even a week ago and allows scientists and researchers to start working on concepts of making that ice accessible for human use once we begin our manned missions to Mars. Before that happens though, we need to learn a little bit about the ice. IceNorthern ice cap of Mars.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The majority of agricultural pests will be controlled through gene drives within the next decade, replacing chemical pesticides. [SEP] Text: While gene drives can spread traits through populations even if they are costly to each individual organism, harmful traits will eventually be outcompeted by more fit alleles after the drive has gone to fixation. Highly deleterious traits may be eliminated even more quickly, with non-functional versions appearing in large numbers even before the drive and its cargo can spread to all members of the population. Even when the trait is perfectly linked to the drive mechanism, the selection pressure favoring the continued function of Cas9 and the guide RNAs will relax once the drive reaches fixation. Maintaining deleterious traits within a population indefinitely is likely to require scheduled releases of new RNA-guided gene drives to periodically overwrite the broken versions in the environment. Fourth, our current knowledge of the risk management (Scott et al. , 2002; Touré et al. , 2004; UNEP, 2010; McGraw and O’Neill, 2013; Alphey, 2014) and containment (Benedict et al. , 2008; Marshall, 2009) issues associated with gene drives is largely due to the efforts of researchers focused on mosquito-borne illnesses. Frameworks for evaluating ecological consequences are similarly focused on mosquitoes (David et al. , 2013) and the few other organisms for which alternative genetic biocontrol methods have been considered (Dana et al. , 2014). While these examples provide an invaluable starting point for investigations of RNA-guided gene drives targeting other organisms, studies examining the particular drive, population, and associated ecosystem in question will be needed. Box 2 Could gene drives alter domesticated animals or crops? In theory they could, though probably not without the permission of the farmers, scientists and breeders who typically monitor reproduction. For example, genetic records and artificial insemination are so common among cattle and other domesticated animals that it would be exceedingly difficult for a gene drive to spread through any of these species. Seed farms play a similar role for crops. Long generation times will represent a further barrier for many domesticated species. In general, our expectation is that beneficial applications are more likely to involve the alteration of weeds and insect pest populations rather than the crops themselves. Safeguards and control strategies Given the potential for gene drives to alter entire wild populations and therefore ecosystems, the development of this technology must include robust safeguards and methods of control (Oye et al. , 2014). Whereas existing gene drive proposals focus on adding genes (Ito et al.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: 2014 DHS54 [51-58]56 [54-58]54 [51-56]52 [49-55]55 [50-59]Bangladesh2011 DHS53 [51-55]52 [50-54]52 [50-54]51 [48-53]53 [49-57]Burundi2016-17 DHS22 [21-23]*24 [22-27]28 [24-33]29 [21-38]32 [22-45]Burundi2010 DHS 16 [15-18]20 [17-24]31 [22-42]37 [29-45]45 [31-60]Ethiopia2016 DHS33 [30-35]*42 [37-47]50 [43-57]50 [43-56]36 [27-45]Ethiopia2011 DHS23 [21-26]47 [41-53]54 [46-61]47 [39-55]41 [33-49]Haiti2016-17 DHS31 [28-33]35 [31-37]31 [31-39]32 [21-28]23 [17-34]Haiti2012 DHS30 [15-18]34 [17-24]35 [22-42]24 [29-45]25 [31-60]Malawi2015-16 DHS57 [55-58]*60 [58-62]*64 [60-68]*54 [48-60]59 [53-66]Malawi2010 DHS 40 [39-42]47 [45-50]45 [40-50]59 [52-67]64 [52-75]Nepal2016 DHS41 [37-46]44 [41-46]42 [40-44]43 [40-46]47 [41-53]Nepal2011 DHS37 [34-41]43 [40-46]45 [41-49]49 [45-53]54 [46-62]Pakistan2017-18 DHS 17 [12-22]18 [18-23]23 [23-28]28 [29-33]31 [30-35]Pakistan2012-13 DHS16 [12-23]20 [16-21]25 [20-26]31 [26-30]32 [28-34]Senegal2017 DHS

Output: pass


Input: Claim: A spacecraft will soon travel faster than the speed of light, allowing interstellar travel. [SEP] Text: near light speed to faster than light speed via wave propagation and electromagnetic field propulsion Submit manuscript. . . eISSN: 2576-4500 Aeronautics and near light speed to faster than light speed via wave propagation and electromagnetic field propulsion Adnaan Mukhtar, × Regret for the inconvenience: we are taking measures to prevent fraudulent form submissions by extractors and page crawlers. Please type the correct Captcha word to see email ID. Raffles world academy, UAE Correspondence: Adnaan Mukhtar, Physics, Raffles world academy, UAE Received: October 15, 2021 | Published: November 30, 2021 Citation: Mathur S, Mukhtar A. Achieving near light speed to faster than light speed via wave propagation and electromagnetic field propulsion. J. 2021;5(2):103-106. DOI: 10. 15406/aaoaj. 2021. 05. 00132 : As man aims to go beyond the reach of the solar system, technologies that are capable of achieving such distances pose serious problems. One being that spacecrafts are not fast enough to reach destinations and hence it takes extremely a long time. The solution to this would be near light speed or faster light speed travel. It is debated highly that such travel is not possible due to conventional physics, but when man breaks the norms and looks outside the box solutions can be found. The closest star is a few light years away and with conventional engines it can take decades and centuries to reach. The use of antigravity and antimatter engines have also been researched widely at many institutions like NASA and other agencies which make major leaps in this field however very rarely have significant solutions been found, this is why the following paper is going to be discussing how NLS and FTL light speed can be achieved. The type of propulsion source proposed would be wrap drives along with field propulsion in order for the spacecraft to bend space to get to destinations faster. This solution might reduce the time it take to reach stars by a huge amounts. To put things into better perspective spacecrafts might be able to reach in a few years (3-5 years) with this technology.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The majority of agricultural pests will be controlled through gene drives within the next decade, replacing chemical pesticides. [SEP] Text: However, it is important to note that even if a reversal drive were to reach all members of the population, any ecological changes caused in the interim would not necessarily be reversed. Immunization RNA-guided gene drives could be used to block the spread of other gene drives. For example, an ‘immunizing’ drive could prevent a specific unwanted drive from being copied by recoding sequences targeted by the unwanted drive (Figure 5A). This could be done preemptively or reactively and would spread on a timescale comparable to that of the unwanted drive. A combined ‘immunizing reversal’ drive might spread through both wild-type individuals and those affected by an earlier gene drive, converting both types to a recoded version that could not be invaded by the unwanted drive (Figure 5B). This may represent the fastest method of neutralizing an already-released drive. As with a standard reversal drive, any ecological changes caused in the interim would not necessarily be reversed. Precisely targeting subpopulations RNA-guided gene drives might be confined to a single genetically distinct target species or even a subpopulation by targeting unique genes or sequence polymorphisms. Because these ‘precision drives’ will only cut the unique sequence, they will not be able to spread through non-target populations as long as that sequence is sufficiently distinct. We estimate that either the PAM or at least five base pairs of the spacer must differ within each target site in order to prevent the guide RNAs in the drive from evolving to recognize the equivalent non-target sequence (Fu et al. , 2013; Hsu et al. , 2013; Mali et al. , 2013a; Pattanayak et al. , 2013). Populations that are not genetically distinct but experience only intermittent gene flow, such as those on islands, might be given a unique sequence permitting them to be specifically targeted by precision drives later on. For example, releasing into the island population would recode a target gene, but exhibit no other effect (Figure 5A). B, a precision drive which would exclusively spread through but not the wild-type allele, would similarly replace with a unique sequence. So long as does not escape the island before being replaced, the unique sequence in the island population would allow it to be targeted with future precision drives that could not spread through mainland populations (Figure 5C). Limiting population suppression Population suppression may be one of the most powerful applications of gene drives.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: 16 [14-19]*17 [16-19]*21 [19-24]*31 [28-34]37 [34-41]*Senegal2012 DHS6 [4-10]8 [7-10]13 [11-16]26 [21-31]26 [20-32]Sierra Leone2017 MICS8 [1-40]32 [25-41]*33 [27-39]*30 [25-35]24 [18-31]Sierra Leone2011 MICS 6 [5-7]14 [12-16]21 [17-25]24 [19-30]27 [17-40]Uganda2016 DHS28 [26-30]*37 [35-39]*42 [39-45]43 [39-47]47 [39-55]Uganda 2011 DHS 18 [16-20]28 [26-30]41 [36-46]44 [34-56]57 [45-69]Zimbabwe2015 DHS62 [60-65]*62 [59-66]70 [66-74]*73 [70-76]*75 [68-81]Zimbabwe2010-11 DHS53 [51-56]57 [53-61]61 [57-65]61 [58-65]69 [59-77] MCPR, modern contraceptive prevalence rate; DHS, Demographic and Health Survey;.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: A spacecraft will soon travel faster than the speed of light, allowing interstellar travel. [SEP] Text: The main way to achieve light speed however could be achieved by altering the magnetic field while a gravity field is being created, this might cause a invisible bubble which could create synthetic distortions of time and gravity allowing spacecrafts to reach destinations faster. Theoretically wormholes are phenomenas in the universe that connect one place to another at a faster rate by allowing objects to reach the destination by bending space and generating a hole that connect 2 places or more rather than actually taking the long route through space. By altering the gravitational field around the object or in this case the spacecraft, distortions can be created due centrifugal forces in the spacecraft which would be because of the working of the wrap drive. This is true as when the centrifuges in the wrap drive start to spin higher masses at a greater speed a gravity field can be produced. This can cause the space around it to bend causing the spacecraft to cut the time it takes to reach a certain place by a huge amount, although it is important to make sure nothing around it is affected and hence generating a bubble that can be controlled would be better since nothing outside is facing the forces happening inside the force field. Since creating wormholes and ones that can actually last for a long period of time is a major challenge one solution would be to traverse the fabric of space via distortions rather than generating a complete wormhole in itself. This means doing the job of a artificial wormholes but without actually generating a wormhole itself might be possible since fields can be generated around the spacecraft that might allow spacecrafts to reach destinations faster. This can be done by generating artificial gravity that can be controlled via electromagnetic waves as well as zero point energy. This can then be combined with a new type of propulsion source called anti graviton electromagnetic field propulsion. The way this works is by using the energy propagation and using zero point energy. The main way the zero point energy is by utilizing and oscillating the electrical field at the center of the zero point energy field. The current can then pass to give out electromagnetic energy and this can affect the size of the field and in turn affect the distortions and the side of it. The amplifiers work by using microwave or microwave lensing to affect the field. As the microwaves are released it can be lensed and since microwaves and electromagnetic waves are kinds of waves they can be altered thus adding to the field itself and this can also affect the distortions.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The majority of agricultural pests will be controlled through gene drives within the next decade, replacing chemical pesticides. [SEP] Text: The previously described genetic load and sex-biasing drives (Burt, 2003) could potentially lead to extinction (Deredec et al. , 2008, 2011). While this outcome may be necessary to achieve compelling goals such as the eradication of malaria, other situations may call for more refined methods. Here we outline a handful of alternative architectures that would provide greater control over the extent of population suppression. Chemical approaches to population control might utilize ‘sensitizing drives’ to render target organisms vulnerable to a particular molecule using one of three strategies (Figure 6). First, a sensitizing drive might reverse known mutations that confer resistance to existing pesticides or herbicides. Second, it might carry a prodrug-converting enzyme (Schellmann et al. , 2010) that would render a prodrug molecule toxic to organisms that express it. Third, it could swap a conserved gene for a version that is strongly inhibited by a particular small molecule. Because sensitizing drives would have no effect in the absence of their associated molecule – and in some cases vice versa – they could grant very fine control over the geography and extent of population suppression with minimal ecological risk. Figure 6 with 3 supplements see all Download asset Open asset Controlling population suppression. Previously proposed genetic load and meiotic suppression drives spread without limit and may incur a substantial risk of extinction. Alternative gene drive types might be used to grant finer control over the extent of suppression. ‘Sensitization drives’ would be harmless save for conferring vulnerability to a particular chemical, which could then be used as a population-specific pesticide. Evolutionarily ‘unstable drives’ would place a limit on the average number of drive copying events and thus the extent of population suppression. ‘Interacting drives’ would initiate suppression only upon encountering a specific genetic signature in the population, in this case a different gene drive. The combination would create a sterile-daughter effect (Figure 6—figure supplement 1) capable of continuing suppression for several generations. Finally, an immunizing drive could protect a subpopulation from a full genetic load or male-biasing suppression drive employed elsewhere. Interacting drive and immunizing drive approaches would be effective on very large populations spread across substantial geographic areas (Figure 6—figure supplement 2) while suffering from correspondingly reduced geographic resolution and greater ecological risk (Figure 6—figure supplement 3).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: Figure 2. Modern contraceptive prevalence rate (MCPR) by wealth group between two surveys. Each country has two bubbles per panel which represent the earlier and later surveys. Each panel represents the wealth groups from the poorest to richest. The size of the bubble represents the proportion of women in households in that wealth group. The height of the bubble represents MCPR. For example, looking at the panel for the poorest wealth group, in Nepal, the proportion of women in the poorest households decreased between the first and second survey. At the same time, the MCPR among the poorest women also increased. In all countries except Bangladesh, women with average wealth (those in the middle of the five wealth groups) had higher modern method use than in the lowest wealth groups. However, the gap in modern method use between those in the middle wealth group and the lowest wealth group declined in most countries between surveys. Growth in MCP was more uneven when comparing growth between surveys in higher wealth groups. All but three countries saw declines in MCP in the highest wealth groups, although these findings were not significant given the lower sample sizes in the richest groups per country. Conversely, in Senegal, there was a significant increase in MCP among the richest, which corresponds with a large significant increase in the number of people in the richest wealth group.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: A spacecraft will soon travel faster than the speed of light, allowing interstellar travel. [SEP] Text: When the spacecraft needs to increase acceleration the main electromagnetic waves can increase in direct proportion to the microwaves and the main zero point energy field along with the wrap drive system can allow the spacecraft to achieve NLS and possibly even faster than light speeds. Since gravitons are elements of gravity the term used for the propulsion source was anti graviton since the aim of the propulsion source is also to generate anti gravity which it would do and thus the name was derived. The main source of power chosen to be used is anti matter. This is because the amount of energy released when matter and antimatter annihilate is extremely big and hence the energy produced would be higher. As mentioned earlier the main field propulsion is achieved by altering the microwave, electromagnetic waves and by warping gravity which is how the spacecraft achieves the speeds it needs to and hence the name anti graviton electromagnetic field propulsion (Figure 1). Figure 1. 1 Wrap drives bending spade time. Figure 1. 2 Wrap drive traveling at FTL speed. some of the major challenges faced with achieving light speed is implementing the technologies that come out of science fiction such as EM drives, wrap drives and field propulsion. Another problem is also that theoretically the techniques used to achieve light speed may be possible on paper, the current technology makes it very difficult to accomplish these feats. The main technology capable of achieving NLS or FTL speed is achieved by generating fields around the spacecraft. Since currently gravity control is not completely mastered it might be very hard to generate wormholes capable of allowing spacecrafts to travel at light speeds. The solution to this is would be to use magnetic fields along with microwave and zero point energy, the reason why this is a good idea is because magnetism is a cousin of gravity and hence alternating the magnetic field along with microwaves can generate acceleration. Further on using a wrap drive system which uses a core mass that is rotated at high speeds can generate a gravity field since the centrifugal forces acting on it increase the mass of the object which therefore increases the gravitational field. Since objects with a higher mass have a greater gravity field it would be better to use this system. When observed closely our hands also distort a bit of space fabric, this is known because when observed closely it looks as though a curve can be formed around our hands showing us that all objects bend space time although objects with higher mass distort and affect gravity at a greater rate.

Output: corroborate