Input: Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: Chainoglou, E. & Hadjipavlou-Litina, D. Curcumin analogues and derivatives with anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activity: Structural characteristics and molecular targets. 14, 821–842, doi:10. 1080/17460441. 2019. 1614560 (2019). Al-Howail, H. A. et al. PAC down-regulates estrogen receptor alpha and suppresses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells. BMC Cancer 16, 540, doi:10. 1186/s12885-016-2583-8 (2016). Al-Qasem, A. et al. PAC exhibits potent anti-colon cancer properties through targeting cyclin D1 and suppressing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. 55, 233–244, doi:10. 1002/mc. 22271 (2016). Semlali, A. , Witoled, C. , Alanazi, M. & Rouabhia, M. Whole cigarette smoke increased the expression of and proinflammory cytokines by human gingival epithelial cells through different signaling pathways. PLoS One 7, e52614, doi:10. 1371/journal. pone. 0052614 (2012). Alanazi, H. , Park, H. J. , Chakir, J. , Semlali, A. & Rouabhia, M. Comparative study of the effects of cigarette smoke and electronic cigarettes on human gingival fibroblast proliferation, migration and apoptosis. Toxicol 118, 390–398, doi:10. 1016/j. fct. 2018. 05. 049 (2018). Semlali, A. , Chakir, J. & Rouabhia, M. Effects of whole cigarette smoke on human gingival fibroblast adhesion, growth, and migration. J 74, 848–862, doi:10. 1080/15287394. 2011. 570230 (2011). Tang, J. Y. et al. A novel sulfonyl chromen-4-ones (CHW09) preferentially kills oral cancer cells showing apoptosis, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. 33, 1195–1203, doi:10. 1002/tox. 22625 (2018).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Research suggests that soundscapes can positively impact mood and mental well-being. [SEP] Text: And this participant discussed distancing from negative memories as a result of his positive moods: I think that when I’m in a more positive state I tend to distance myself from negative things in order to stay in a positive state. Lastly, we examined how our target word categories used in reflections correlated with responses to specific well-being scales. For the group, reductions in Satisfaction with Life were correlated with a greater percentage of words that convey negative emotion (‘hurt’, ‘ugly’, ‘nasty’), r(32) = −. 38, p =. 03. In contrast for the group, increases in Satisfaction with Life correlated with percentage of past tense words, r(28) =. 38, p =. 04. Overall, although our well-being predictions for Hypothesis 2 were not supported, there was evidence of two predicted mechanisms (redemption and distancing). Hypothesis 3 Positive reflection when in a negative versus positive mood will increase momentary mood Now we turn to an investigation of positive memories. Hypothesis 3 was tested in the same manner as Hypothesis 1. We ran an independent samples t test comparing groups (vs. Congruent Positive) on the average change in mood scores (with negative scores representing a detriment to momentary mood). Positive reflection when in a negative versus positive mood affected mood differently, t(38. 7) = −5. 39, p <. 001 (Incongruent Positive: MΔ =. 75, SD =. 65, Congruent Positive: MΔ =. 04, SD =. 29). A one-sample t test comparing average change in mood to 0 for each group revealed that the improvement in mood experienced by the group was significant with a large effect size, t(28) = 6. 21, p <. 001, d = 1. 15 (see Fig. 4). In contrast there were no significant mood changes in the group, t(29) =. 70, p =. 49. Hypothesis 3 was supported. In other words people who reflected on positive memories when in a negative mood experienced improvements in mood after reflection, whereas those in a positive mood showed unchanged mood. Fig. 4Average change in mood between pre versus post reflection mood probes for versus groups. Shows a significant increase in mood after reflection for the group.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: Because the combustion air comes from outside the house, the building does not come under negative pressure. Approaches to residential ventilation can be categorized as exhaust, supply, and balanced systems. Fans that pull air out of a space such as a bathroom exhaust fan or a kitchen range ventilation hood comprise basic exhaust ventilation systems that most people are familiar with. As noted above, however, these fans can place an airtight house under negative pressure. Variations of exhaust systems provide make-up air to the house in some manner. The simplest way to do this is to install passive vents, which are small, screened openings in exterior walls. These admit air by opening when the home comes under negative pressure, such as when an exhaust fan is turned on. Passive vents are only recommended for use in very small, airtight homes in which depressurization is safe. Home depressurization is safe if all combustion appliances receive combustion air from outside the home; there are no fireplaces in the home; the home has no attached garage; and the home is not located in a high radon area. More commonly used than exhaust fans with passive vents is a central exhaust system that pulls air out of a house combined with a fan that pulls fresh air into the house and delivers it through ducts to individual rooms, usually each bedroom and living area. Whole-house fans are effective in this type of supply system. A variation of this system, if the house has a forced air furnace, is to deliver outdoor air to the return duct, so that it can be mixed with indoor air and heated before it is delivered to the rooms. A heat recovery ventilator (HRV)—also referred to as an air-to-air heat exchanger—is a balanced system that consists of a device which pulls fresh air into a home at the same time that it is exhausting air out of the home. As seen in Figure 4, the two airstreams are separated but pass over a core of conductive plates or heat exchanger that transfers heat from the warmer airstream to the colder one. A heat recovery ventilator also dehumidifies the home, because the warmer airstream contains moisture that condenses during the exchange process. The resulting water is delivered to a drain through a tube. HRVs can be stand-alone units with ducts or they can be integrated with the ducts of a forced air furnace.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: Rivera, C. Essentials of oral cancer. Pathol 8, 11884–11894 (2015). Omura, K. Current status of oral cancer treatment strategies: surgical treatments for oral squamous cell carcinoma. 19, 423–430, doi:10. 1007/s10147-014-0689-z (2014). Hewlings, S. J. & Kalman, D. S. Curcumin: A Review of on Human Health. Foods 6, doi:10. 3390/foods6100092 (2017). & Aldebasi, Y. H. Role of Curcumin in and Treatment. Res 7, 38, doi:10. 4103/abr. abr_147_16 (2018). Vyas, A. , Dandawate, P. , Padhye, S. , Ahmad, A. & Sarkar, F. Perspectives on new synthetic curcumin analogs and their potential anticancer properties. Des 19, 2047–2069 (2013). Cao, Y. & Karin, M. NF-kappaB in mammary gland development and breast cancer. J 8, 215–223, doi:10. 1023/a:1025905008934 (2003). Haffner, M. C. , Berlato, C. & Doppler, W. Exploiting our knowledge of NF-kappaB signaling for the treatment of mammary cancer. J 11, 63–73, doi:10. 1007/s10911-006-9013-5 (2006). Van Waes, C. Nuclear factor-kappaB in development, prevention, and therapy of cancer. Res 13, 1076–1082, doi:10. 1158/1078-0432. CCR-06-2221 (2007). Paul, S. & Dey, A. Wnt signaling and cancer development: therapeutic implication. Neoplasma 55, 165–176 (2008). . & Ralhan, R. Wnt signaling pathway in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: relationship between beta-catenin, dishevelled and cyclin D1 expression. Oncology 73, 112–117, doi:10. 1159/000120999 (2007). Billard-Sandu, C. et al.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Research suggests that soundscapes can positively impact mood and mental well-being. [SEP] Text: Our data also clarify mechanisms underlying mood-reflection relationships, by investigating the words used in memories and reflections. Negative reflection when in a positive mood seemed to encourage redemption (acceptance words) and reduce self-focus (third-person plural pronouns) which may signal distancing from negative memories that involved other people. However, memories that resurfaced feelings of negativity (triggering negative emotion words in reflections) led to reductions in one well-being scale. In contrast, negative reflection when already in a negative mood seemed to discourage distancing (first-person plural pronouns), but this worked in participants’ favor, as remaining focused on the past (past tense usage) was associated with increases in one well-being scale. For positive memories, negative moods induced greater kill-joy thinking (negative emotion words) and reduced one well-being measure when reflections were focused on the past (past tense usage). This contrasts with negative memories, which seem to benefit from past-focused reflections when in a negative mood state, when there is no positivity to taint. Negative reflection when in a positive mood reduced current mood, while positive reflection when in a negative mood enhanced it. This is consistent with prior work on unmediated memory showing that people sometimes select incongruent memories for mood-regulation (Erber and Erber 1994; Rusting and DeHart 2000). The current paper makes a contribution to memory and emotion literature by showing that the mood-regulating effects of incongruency can also be induced in mediated contexts, and identifying the mechanisms underlying these effects. But while incongruent mood-regulation seems to occur naturally in rather limited contexts, there may be strategic opportunities with technology to apply this technique more broadly. Technology might provide control over when and how mood is regulated in ways that regular memory doesn’t, i. e. , people might receive targeted automatic prompts for positive reflection if they are in a negative mood. This technique of structured incongruent reflection through TMR might benefit people seeking more equanimity in their moods. Always providing incongruent memories will move the extremes of mood closer to neutral, offering more balance. Mood-regulation of both positive and negative moods is an adaptive cognitive skill that has been explored in depth (Parrott 1993; Gross 1998; Larsen 2000).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: In addition to the basic systems described above, other variations exist, including central exhaust/supply systems with dehumidification and systems with air filtration options. Several studies have analyzed the cost effectiveness of various ventilation systems by examining purchase and installation costs, annual operating costs, and additional imposed heating costs (to heat incoming air). In addition to costs, benefits that are difficult to quantify include increased human comfort and the prevention of moisture problems. Figure 4. Heat recovery ventilator. Taylor et al. [7] examined the cost-effectiveness of heat recovery ventilators and concluded that these units provide positive life-cycle cost savings throughout much of the United States, although not in the colder, northern tier states. (IRC) specifies mechanical ventilation standards for new homes, which vary depending on the size of the house, number of bedrooms, and tested air infiltration rate [8]. The infiltration rate is measured with a blower door test, a specialized piece of equipment that measures a home’s air change per hour (ACH). ACH measures the extent to which outdoor air leaks into homes through cracks around windows, doors, and where dissimilar building materials meet. An airtight home has a low ACH; a leaky, drafty home has a high ACH. Advertisement 3. Volatile organic compounds Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are gases released from some solids or liquids at room temperature. Many VOCs found in household air have adverse health impacts, including eye, nose, and throat irritation; asthma exacerbation; lung, kidney, and central nervous system damage; and cancer [9]. VOC sources include building products, paints, strippers, solvents, wood preservatives, air fresheners, hobby supplies, pesticides, dry-cleaned clothing, and more. (WHO) categorizes VOCs by the ease with which they are emitted from materials and uses the terms very volatile organic compounds (VVOC), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) [10]. As mentioned earlier, VOCs produced by mold are referred to as microbiologic volatile organic compounds (mVOCs).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: CDK4/6 inhibitors in P16/HPV16-negative squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Otorhinolaryngol 277, 1273–1280, doi:10. 1007/s00405-020-05891-2 (2020). Lee, J. H. et al. KCP10043F Represses the Proliferation of Human Non-Cells by Caspase-via STAT3 Inactivation. J 9, doi:10. 3390/jcm9030704 (2020). Xie, L. et al. Expression and prognostic significance of the P53-related DNA damage repair proteins checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) and growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible 45 alpha (GADD45A) in human oral squamous cell carcinoma. 128, 128–135, doi:10. 1111/eos. 12685 (2020). Dikalova, A. E. et al. Therapeutic targeting of mitochondrial superoxide in hypertension. 107, 106–116, doi:10. 1161/. 109. 214601 (2010). Brar, S. S. et al. An NAD(P)H oxidase regulates growth and transcription in melanoma cells. Physiol 282, C1212-1224, doi:10. 1152/ajpcell. 00496. 2001 (2002). Nazarewicz, R. R. et al. Does scavenging of mitochondrial superoxide attenuate cancer prosurvival signaling pathways? Signal 19, 344–349, doi:10. 1089/ars. 2013. 5185 (2013). Bouayed, J. & Bohn, T. Exogenous antioxidants–Double-edged swords in cellular redox state: Health beneficial effects at physiologic doses versus deleterious effects at high doses. 3, 228–237, doi:10. 4161/oxim. 3. 4. 12858 (2010). Shih, H. C. et al. Cracking the cytotoxicity code: apoptotic induction of 10-acetylirciformonin B is mediated through ROS generation and mitochondrial dysfunction. 12, 3072–3090, doi:10. 3390/md12053072 (2014). Zorova, L. D. et al. Mitochondrial membrane potential.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Research suggests that soundscapes can positively impact mood and mental well-being. [SEP] Text: For example, a bearer of bad news may downgrade positive moods to be appropriate for delivering unwelcome news (Tesser et al. 1973). And conversely, if delivering positive news they may elevate their negative mood to show reciprocal happiness for the recipient. Technology mediated reflection may aid these scenarios through strategic incongruent mood-regulation. Should elevating mood be preferred to equanimity, such as to ameliorate depression or dysphoria (Mitchell et al. 2010; Calvo and Peters 2014), positive memories could be reflected on when in a negative mood for mood-enhancement A couple of participants even mentioned this being useful for depression. For example, one participant told us: “A lot of the memories had a theme of hope in them. I suffer from mild depression in general in my life and I think that the big part of my depression is hopelessness, and so seeing the hope … that was the aspect that I would say brought me up the most. ” Additionally, while mood-incongruent reflection on negative memories might be useful for mood-regulation, for mood-enhancement these could be reflected on when already in a negative mood (or not at all) so that positive moods are not impaired. We found that negative reflection when in a negative mood does not reduce current mood, and is associated with one aspect of well-being when reflections are past-focused. However, our work suggests other important new implications that extend beyond simple mood adjustments. For example, we found that current mood affects how we remember past experiences, and in some cases can be associated with improvements (or reductions) in well-being. We found evidence of predicted mechanisms previously shown to influence well-being in prior mood-agnostic unmediated reflection contexts (Petrie et al. 1998; Campbell and Pennebaker 2003; Wildschut et al. 2006). For example, we found greater redemption and distancing for negative reflection when in a positive mood. Conversely, there was more kill-joy thinking for positive reflection in a negative mood. However, an important new result is our demonstration that each of these incongruent reflection strategies had a cost, whereby negativity posed a threat to positivity and specific well-being aspects.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: But all of these fall into the broad category of VOCs. Formaldehyde, a colorless, strong-smelling gas, is a common VOC used in the production of building materials, cabinets, furnishings, household cleaners, paints, landscape materials, and other products. It is used in the production of plywood, p3. 1. VOCs and safety When using any product that contains VOCs, provide adequate ventilation to the work area, meet or exceed any label precautions, buy in quantities that will be consumed quickly, and dispose of containers safely. Do not allow children or pets to become exposed to these products. Low-VOC- and No-VOC-containing products are becoming widely available. When possible, use these products instead of conventional alternatives. Advertisement 4. is a radioactive gas that has no odor, taste, or color. It is produced during the decay of uranium, has a half-life of 3. 8 days, and emits alpha and gamma radiation [11]. Uranium exists in soils all over the world. The radioactive decay process causes uranium to decay to uranium. Uranium and radium are solid elements. But radium decays to a gas: radon. Radon moves easily through permeable soils, such as gravelly and sandy soils, than it does through impermeable soils, such as clay [12]. Cracks in a house foundation and other openings, such as those around pipes that penetrate a house foundation, serve as radon pathways into the house. Radon continues in the decay process once it is inside a home. Radon’s decay products are lead, polonium, and bismuth. These decay products become attached to microscopic particulates in house air, which are inhaled by people in the house and lead to lung cancer. The process through which radon enters a home is displayed in Figure 5. Radon is the second-leading cause of lung cancer after cigarette smoking; radon exposure is responsible for 21,000 deaths per year in the USA [13]. Between one and seven percent of lung cancer fatalities in the USA have been attributed to radon exposure [13]. Figure 5. Radon entering a home. Radon’s presence can be confirmed through the use of short- or long-term radon detectors.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: Skip to main content Explore journals Get published About BMC My account Search all BMC 0. 1 M PBS (pH 7. 4, final methanol concentration was < 1%) and injected (i. p. , at 50 mg/kg) one a day to mice in groups: and VIII. The same volume of vehicle (PBS) was injected to WT (Group I) and 5xFAD mice (Group-IV), as summarized in Table 1. Table 1 Summary of the different animal groups and treatment regimens used in this studyFull size table Tissue processingAll mice were deeply anaesthetized with an overdose of sodium pentobarbital (i. p. ), and transcardially perfused with 0. 1 M cold PBS at pH 7. 4, followed by 4% paraformaldehyde (diluted in 0. 1 M PBS at pH 7. 4) to fix the brains. The brains were then removed, suspended in 4% paraformaldehyde for 24 h at 4 °C, and transferred to the graded sucrose solutions (10, 20 and 30%). When brains were completely immersed in the 30% sucrose solution, they were stored at 4 °C until being sectioned coronally at 40 µm on a Cryostat (Leica, Germany). Cur and SLCP permeability studyTo investigate whether sufficient amounts of Cur or SLCP crossed the blood brain barrier (BBB) and reached to the regions of interest in the brain, the Cur- and the SLCP-injected 5xFAD mice (Group V–VIII) were sacrificed and their brain tissue was processed, as described above. Coronal sections (40 μM) were cut and imaged using a fluorescent microscope (Leica, Germany) to assess the amount of Cur or SLCP bound to the Aβ plaques, which was confirmed by co-localization of either the Cur or the SLCP to Aβ-specific antibody (6E10) in Aβ-plaques, as described previously [32]. To compare the permeability of Cur and SLCP in vitro, mouse neuroblastoma cells (N2a, ATCC, Catalog no: Neuro2a (ATCC® CCL131™) and the primary hippocampal neurons from a 5xFAD mouse were used.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Research suggests that soundscapes can positively impact mood and mental well-being. [SEP] Text: This concurrent strategy yields a larger pool of memories that tend to be less emotional, since the window of time to capture emotional experiences is limited to the study length. For the current study, we needed memories that were clearly emotional, as mildly emotional memories might not evoke measurable effects. Thus, generating a memory pool at the start of the current study was preferable, allowing participants to self-select highly emotional memories from their recent past. This choice was supported by our finding of redemption and distancing in reflections, indicating that memories were emotional and recent enough to undergo these changes. One reason why we did not find evidence of understanding (words that indicate insight and cognitive processing) is that the writing of memories for the pool might have elicited increased understanding before the intervention. Thus, not finding well-being changes in our study could have been due to less exposure to memories, as well as memories that might not have been open enough for learning opportunities. Our findings suggest many new opportunities for future research. For example, a longer-term study could have participants record many experiences as they happen over a couple of months. This would generate a larger pool of memories that are recent so that participants are exposed to a greater number of reflections. Such a study would help resolve observed inconsistencies in well-being mechanisms without well-being results, though at the risk of higher participant dropout due to an extended study length. Furthermore, while we used LIWC to investigate explicit hypotheses motivated by prior work, future research could take a more open and exploratory approach to LIWC that might yield new interesting mechanisms. Our work also suggests multiple opportunities for redesigning current TMR systems to harness the influence of mood. For example, systems could strategically select specific types of memories to be reflected on when users are in particular moods. So, if the goal of Facebook’s Day is to provide users with a small amount of enjoyment and upliftment, positive memories would likely be more effective when the user is in a negative mood. Current mood might be assessed by providing lightweight mood probes (as in our study) or algorithmically by analyzing affect words used in various online behaviors (Desmet 2005; Kramer et al. 2014). However, there may be a cost of kill-joy memory and reduced well-being if the user’s reflection is past-focused.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: A short-term detector consists of activated carbon, which adsorbs (collects on the surface of carbon granules) radon, is inexpensive and simple to use. Once activated, it is placed in the lowest room of the house and kept in place for three days. The house should be tested under closed house conditions. This means all windows are closed for the duration of the test, and doors are used only for normal entrances and exits. After the test period, the detector is sent to a laboratory for analysis. The laboratory then reports the test results to the sender. Radon levels in a house vary over time because of changes in weather and atmospheric pressure. So, a short-term test is effectively a snapshot of radon levels at a particular time. A long-term radon test uses what is known as an alpha track detector. This is placed in a home’s living room and stays there for 90 days to a year. This type of test provides a better result of a home’s radon level. The U. S. Agency (EPA) recommends that mitigation systems be installed at or above the of 4 picocuries per liter (pCi/L) of air [14]. A mitigation system for an existing home consists of a PVC pipe that is installed through the floor of the lowest level of a home, often a basement, into a layer of gravel. That pipe is carried up through the house attic and through the roof. This pipe can also be installed on a house exterior wall. Often, an inline exhaust fan is connected to the PVC pipe and is used to pull soil gas from below the house. When that fan is used, the mitigation system is referred to as an active system. An inline fan is not always necessary and a passive mitigation system is used instead. The EPA has developed a U. S. map that designates counties into zones. In EPA-designated Zone 1 counties, indoor radon levels are expected to be 4 pCi/L or higher; houses in Zone 2 counties are expected to have radon levels between 2 and 4 pCi/L; homes in Zone 3 counties are expected to have radon levels below 2 pCi/L. Figure 6 shows the EPA Radon Map. Zone 1 counties are red; Zone 2 counties are orange; and Zone 3 counties are yellow. Figure 6. .

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: The N2a cells were grown with minimum essential medium () containing 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS), and penicillin and streptomycin (100 I. U. /mL and 100 μg/mL). The culture was maintained at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere at 5% CO2. The primary hippocampal neurons were taken from embryonic-16 (E16) mouse pups and grown in neurobasal media containing B27 supplementation for 7 days in vitro (7-DIV), as described previously [42]. Prior to the experiment, the cells were grown in either in 60 mm Petri dishes or on glass coverslips, using fresh MEM or neurobasal media that lacked growth factors. The cells were then treated with 100 μM of either Cur or SLCP for 2 h, after which the media was removed, and the cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde solution. Microphotographic images were taken using a fluorescent microscope (Leica, Germany) with appropriate excitation/emission filters for analyses. Aβ plaque load in 5xFAD after treatment with Cur or SLCPTo check the effects of acute treatment of Cur or SLCP on Aβ plaque burden, the 5xFAD brain sections were stained with Cur and the number of Aβ plaques were counted in these sections. Cur was used to label Aβ plaques, because it labels plaques as efficiently as Aβ-specific antibody [32]. Using Image-J software ( the total area of each image was measured and the numbers of Aβ plaques were counted manually in PFC and DG area of hippocampus and expressed as number of Aβ plaques per 100 µm2 area. Only clearly visible, large fluorescent signals were considered as Aβ plaques. A minimum of 10 serial sections, with forty different fields were used to count the number of Aβ plaques in each group (n = 4), with the experimenters blinded to the group identity of the specimens analyzed. Neuronal morphology by cresyl violet stainingOne of the aims of this study was to investigate whether short-term treatment of Cur or SLCP can protect the neuronal morphology, especially in hippocampal subfields and in the PFC area. To this end, the tissue from 5xFAD mice that were treated with Cur or SLCP was stained with 0.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Research suggests that soundscapes can positively impact mood and mental well-being. [SEP] Text: By designing MoodAdaptor and deploying it in a real-world setting, we were able to answer theoretically-motivated questions about the relationship between mood, reflection and well-being when using technology. A systematic analysis of the words people used in their memories and reflections uncovered the mechanisms behind these relationships. Our findings reveal a competition between positivity and negativity in our moods and memories, yielding adaptive mechanisms when positivity prevails, and contamination when negativity overshadows. This extends theories of well-being and opens up exciting new opportunities for future research. Lastly, our findings provide new insights about how to design impactful TMR systems that harness mood. 441. 2014. Accessed 9 Mar 2015. . Contingency judgments by depressed college students: sadder but not always wiser. J Psychol. 1985;49(5):1323. 20. 68. 66. 129. 60. 2007. 2014. 5. 261. 47. 11. 2005. p. 111–23. . The satisfaction with life scale. J Pers Assess. 1985;49(1):71–5. 521. 88. 2338. 178. In: 18th European conference on artificial intelligence, Patras, Greece. 2008. p. 256–60. Gross JJ. The emerging field of emotion regulation: an integrative review. Psychol. 1998;2(3):271. 50. Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison. 1992. . Echoes from the past: How technology mediated reflection improves well-being. In: Proceedings of the conference on human factors in computing systems, Paris, France. Paris: ACM; 2013. p. 1071–80. . Measuring emotional expression with the linguistic inquiry and word count. Psychol. 2007;120:263–86. PubMed 69. 520. 90. 41. 7. 1985. . Emotion and memory research: a grumpy overview. Soc Cognit. 2004;22(5: Special issue):530–54. 55. 55. 85. 41. 48. 2002. p. 573–83. Nolen-Hoeksema S. Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. J Abnorm Psychol. 1991;100(4):569–82. 1993. p. 278–308. Parrott WG, Sabini J.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: Radon-resistant construction techniques are recommended for new homes built in Zone 1 counties [15]. Advertisement 5. Combustion products Combustion products comprise another category of indoor air pollutants. They consist of nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, respirable particulates, and water. Nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxides, and respirable particulates are lung irritants, and carbon monoxide (CO) can kill. To avoid indoor these pollutants, combustion-based, unvented space heaters should not be in the home. Central heating system systems should be regularly serviced: annual servicing for fuel oil-based systems and every 2 years for gas systems. Smoking should not be permitted in a home, and a gas kitchen range should have an exhaust fan over it that is vented to the outside. Combustion products can pollute the air inside a home when components of a central heating system are damaged and leak combustion gases into indoor air. Indoor use of combustion-based electric generators will also do this. And when a house comes under negative pressure, combustion gases can be drawn from a chimney or fireplace into the home. Normally, when a person breathes healthy air, oxygen binds with hemoglobin in blood to form oxyhemoglobin. When a person breathes air that is polluted with CO, CO binds with hemoglobin, and carboxyhemoglobin is formed, which prevents oxygen from getting to the brain. At low levels, this causes tiredness and dizziness. At higher levels, gradual suffocation and death occur. Carbon monoxide is responsible for hundreds of deaths and thousands of emergency room visits in the USA per year [16]. These are all preventable deaths and often occur when people are sleeping. Every home and apartment should have at least one carbon monoxide detector installed in the hallway outside the sleeping area. Carbon monoxide detectors are important, but they are no substitute for regular servicing of combustion appliances and common sense safety procedures with combustion appliances in the home. Advertisement 6. have used lead for numerous purposes for at least 7000 years [17]. Before 1550 BCE, ancient Egyptians used lead as a medicine and for decorative purposes. When babies were born, a lead ball was placed on their belly buttons to stop bleeding. Women would decorate their nipples with lead and breast feed their babies. People have been aware of lead poisoning for over 2000 years [17].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: 1% cresyl violet, as described previously [43]. The sections were washed, dehydrated, cleared, mounted, and coverslipped using DePex mounting media (). The slides were dried, after which photomicrographs were taken using a compound light microscope (Olympus, Japan) with 100× objectives (total magnification of 1000×). The number of pyknotic, or tangle-like, cells were counted manually using Image-J software ( and were expressed as number of pyknotic cells per 100 µm2 area. A minimum of 5 serial sections, each with 10 different fields, were used for counting the number of pyknotic cells in each group (n = 4), with the experimenters blinded to the group identity of the specimens being analyzed. Neuroinflammation study by immunohistochemistryTo compare the anti-inflammatory effects of Cur or SLCP in 5xFAD mice, the brain tissue from each mouse was labeled with GFAP and Iba-1, which are the markers for activated astrocytes and microglia, respectively. GFAP-immunohistochemistryA subset of brain sections were rinsed three times with 0. 1 M PBS (pH 7. 4) for 5 min each. The sections were then blocked with 10% normal goat serum for 1 h at room temperature with gentle shaking. The tissue was incubated overnight on a shaker at 4 °C with GFAP antibody (rabbit polyclonal, 1:500). On the next day, the sections were thoroughly washed with PBS, three times, for 10 min each. The sections were incubated with anti-rabbit secondary antibody (1:1000), tagged with Alexa-594 (Molecular Probes, OR), for 30 min at room temperature. Then sections were washed thoroughly with distilled water, dehydrated, cleared and mounted on slides using anti-fading Fluoro-mount aqueous mounting media (Sigma) prior to microscopic examination using a fluorescence microscope (Leica, Germany) with the appropriate excitation/emission filters. Iba-1 immunohistochemistrySimilarly, for Iba-1 immunohistochemistry, another subset of brain section were thoroughly rinsed, three times with 0. 1 M PBS (pH 7. 4) for 5 min each.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Research suggests that soundscapes can positively impact mood and mental well-being. [SEP] Text: An exploratory study of the impact of group singing activities on lucidity, energy, focus, mood and relaxation for persons with dementia and their caregivers access Published: 18 December 2014 An exploratory study of the impact of group singing activities on lucidity, energy, focus, mood and relaxation for persons with dementia and their caregivers Davidson1 & Almeida2 Psychology of Well-Being 35. 6 million people worldwide who are suffering from dementia, with figures likely to increase to 65. 7 million by 2030 and 115. 4 million people by 2050. Given the urgent need to find tools for enhancing the quality of life for persons living with dementia (PWD), the current paper offers an exploratory insight into the potential use of a structured singing group activity for beneficial outcome. The paper begins by outlining the relevance of music interventions for PWD and goes on to acknowledge that carers also need to be given tools to manage their own mood and stress levels. It continues by describing controlled practical work and its results in terms of quantitative and qualitative reports of the impact of group singing for PWD and their carers. The mixed methods approach enables the authors to gain some insights into ecologically-grounded work that by its very nature engages people in small groups. Why is music a potentially useful intervention for people living with dementia? Dementia, characterised by the development of multiple cognitive deficits that are caused by disorders affecting the brain, and its effects include memory impairment and at least one other cognitive disturbance, for instance aphasia or disruption in executive functioning (Association, [2000]). Several psychological problems have been associated with the dementia. For instance, while a study of elderly adults discovered that at follow-up, those with depressive symptoms were more likely to have dementia relative to those without such symptoms (Jorm, [2001]), other research reported that the presentation of depressive symptoms coincided with or followed the onset of dementia, rather than preceding it (Butters et al. , [2008]; Korczyn and Halperin, [2009]). Anxiety disorders are also frequently observed in individuals with dementia, with prevalence rates ranging between 17% and 38% (Ballard et al. , [1996]; Ballard et al. , [2000]; Ballard et al. [1994]; Wands et al. , [1990]). Musical involvement by PWD has demonstrated positive outcomes in psychological factors, such as the PWD’s level of depression (Cooke et al.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: During the early postneonatal period, developing lungs are very susceptible to pollutants; and the immature immune, pulmonary, and nervous systems of children can be damaged by environmental pollutants, including routinely applied residential pesticides. Young and older infants and young children breathe through their mouths than adults do. This difference in breathing patterns is likely to increase a child’s risk of exposure to respirable particulates [27]. This risk is lower for adults whose breathing through their noses causes air to become filtered as they breathe it through the upper respiratory airway [27]. Toddlers crawl on the floor and young children walk, run, and play on the floor. These factors cause the breathing zone of children to be much lower (up to 3 feet from the floor). This zone is known as the child breathing zone (CBZ) [28]. Walking-induced turbulence in a room causes resuspension of respirable particulates, and shorter people are exposed to more resuspended particulates than taller people. IAQ can be significantly worse in the CBZ than in the adult breathing zone (ABZ), and the assumption of uniform pollutant concentration in indoor environments can be an erroneous assumption of breathing concentration risk. Although there is an increasing awareness that children are vulnerable to poor IAQ in the scientific community, there is very limited research with a focus on IAQ in the CBZ. There is no current IAQ management system that specifically focuses on improving IAQ in the CBZ. Advertisement 9. most effective strategy for controlling indoor air pollution is to control the problem at its source. Ventilation is also important, especially in the case of moisture. Expel moisture to the outside through exhaust fans that are vented to the outdoors. In the case of combustion pollutants, regular servicing of heating systems and other appliances that are combustion based is necessary. Radon gas is a radioactive human carcinogen that is colorless, tasteless, and odorless. This pollutant can be controlled through mitigation in existing homes and with radon-resistant construction techniques in new homes. Exposure to some VOCs, which are present in building materials, paints, strippers, and other substances, can be hazardous to human health. Adequate ventilation should be provided when using these materials. Low- or no-VOC emitting products are now available and should be considered as safer alternatives. Lead and asbestos are present in older homes and apartments and pose considerable health risks to humans.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: The sections were then immersed in a solution of 3% hydrogen peroxide and 0. 1 M PBS (pH 7. 4) for 30 min at room temperature to inhibit endogenous peroxidase. Then the sections were rinsed with PBS and blocked with 10% normal goat serum (NGS), which underwent gently shaking for 1 h at room temperature. The tissue was then incubated with Iba-1 antibody (rabbit, monoclonal, 1:4000) with gentle shaking for 4 h at room temperature and then for overnight at 4 °C. On the next day, the sections were thoroughly washed 3 times for 5 min each, and incubated with biotinylated anti-rabbit secondary antibody (1:250) for 1 h at room temperature. Finally, the sections were incubated with peroxidase substrate solution, supplied with the ABC kit (Vector Laboratory, CA), and the signal was developed using diaminobenzidine (DAB) until the desired staining intensity emerged. The tissue was then washed, dehydrated with graded alcohol, cleared with xylene, mounted on slides, coverslipped with DePex (), air dried, and visualized using a compound light microscope (Olympus, Japan) with 20× objectives (total magnification 200×). Quantification of GFAP-IR and Iba-1-IR cellsFor quantification of GFAP-IR and Iba-1-IR cells, the sections were imaged using a fluorescent microscope (Leica, Germany) and a compound light microscope (Olympus, Japan), respectively. The number of GFAP-IR and Iba-1-IR were counted manually using Image-J software ( Briefly, the images were taken from randomly selected regions of the layer IV/V of PFC (bregma +3. 20 mm), striatum (bregma +1. 00 mm), subicular complex, hippocampus (CA1, CA3 and dentate gyrus) at bregma −3. 30 mm, and the entorhinal cortex (bregma −3. 30 mm), using 20× objectives (total magnification at 200×). The total area of each image was measured and the numbers of GFAP-IR and Iba-1-IR cells were counted manually in those areas.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Research suggests that soundscapes can positively impact mood and mental well-being. [SEP] Text: [2010a]; Han et al. , [2011]), anxiety (Guetin et al. , [2009]; Sung et al. , [2010]), and agitation (Lin et al. , [2011]). An additional benefit specific to involvement in group music programs is the avenue for social interaction, which is often severely negatively impacted following the progression of a dementia. A study by Lin et al. ([2011]) examined whether group music intervention reduced agitated behaviour in elderly PWD who reside in nursing facilities. They employed a randomised experimental paradigm where the experimental group (N = 49) received a total of twelve 30-minute group music intervention sessions (conducted twice weekly for six consecutive weeks) while the control group (N = 51) participated in normal daily activities. The level of aggression displayed by the PWD was assessed before the intervention, at the sixth and twelfth group sessions, and at one month following cessation of the intervention. The experimental group displayed improved performance (reductions in: agitated behaviour in general; physically non-aggressive behaviour; verbally non-aggressive behaviour; and physically aggressive behaviour) at the sixth and twelfth sessions, and at the one-month follow up. A reduction in verbally aggressive behaviour was only observed at the sixth session. Lin et al. ([2011]) concluded that group music intervention alleviated agitated behaviour in PWD; however they did not explore other benefits of such musical intervention, such as improvement in mood, lucidity, or focus. Hammar et al. ([2011]) conducted a study that investigated expressions of emotions and resistance to care among PWD (N = 10) during morning care situations either with or without music therapeutic caregiving (MTC; this involves the caregiver singing either to or with the PWD during caregiving). When MTC was employed, a significant decrease in only three (i. e. , pull away, grab object, and adduct) of the 13 resistant behaviours exhibited by the PWD was observed. Positively expressed emotions (i. e. , pleasure and general alertness) by the PWD significantly increased under the MTC intervention, relative to the standard morning care sessions. However, they did not observe a significant decrease in any of the negatively expressed emotions (e. g. , anger, anxiety, and sadness) examined.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: Only trained professionals should perform abatement or encapsulation of both materials. Children are at a higher risk of health problems from pollutant exposure, especially because air in the child breathing zone is more polluted than it is in the adult breathing zone. Awareness of these issues is a critical first step in improving air quality in homes and apartments. 1. Cincinelli A, Martellini T. Indoor air quality and health. of. 2017;14(11):1286. DOI: 10. 3390/ijerph14111286 2. Leech JA, Smith-Doiron M. Exposure time and place: Do COPD patients differ from the general population? Journal of & Environmental Epidemiology. 2016;16(3):238-241. DOI: 10. 1038/sj. jea. 7500452 3. -Mazzuoli. Indoor air pollution in old people’s homes related to some health problems: A survey study. Indoor Air. 2005;15:267-274. DOI: 10. 1111/j. 1600-0668. 2005. 00371. x 4. Franklin PJ. Indoor air quality and respiratory health of children. Reviews. 2007;8(4):281-286. DOI: 10. 1016/j. prrv. 2007. 08. 007 5. Ponessa J. Indoor air quality. In: Carswell AT, editor. of Housing. Thousand Oaks, CA: 2012. 396. DOI: 10. 4135/9781452218380. n137 6. Arlian LG. Water balance and humidity requirements of house dust mites. Experimental and Applied Acarology. 1992;16(1-2):15-35. DOI: 10. 1007/BF01201490 7. . Cost-Effectiveness of Ventilation. 2015. Available from: [Accessed: April 19, 2018] 8. Tech Note: Whole-Ventilation Code: Safety and Performance Considerations. 2013. Available from: [Accessed: April 19, 2018] 9. . Temporal characteristics of volatile organic compounds in newly-constructed residential buildings. Research. 2013;18(3):169-176 10. U. S. Agency (EPA). Quality. 2017. Available from: [Accessed: April 22, 2018] 11.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: Only clearly visible fluorescent signals or brown DAB color were considered as GFAP-IR and Iba-1-IR cells, respectively. The GFAP-IR and Iba-1-IR cells were expressed as number of cells per 100 µm2 area. A minimum of 10 serial sections, from which thirty different fields were used to count the number of GFAP-IR and Iba-1-IR cells in each group, using four different animals in each group with the experimenter blinded to the group identity of the specimens analyzed. Comparative study of inhibition of Aβ42 aggregation by Cur or SLCPTo compare the anti-amyloid activity, such as inhibition of Aβ42 oligomer and fibril formation by Cur or SLCP, the dot blot assay was used [14]. Briefly, Aβ42 peptide was dissolved in HFIP, vortexed for 1 min and allowed to solubilize for 30 min at room temperature. Then, the HFIP was evaporated under laminar hood, until the peptide was completely dried to make a thin film. This was followed by speed-vacuuming for 10 min [42, 44], after which the film was stored at − 20 °C. Each HFIP film was dissolved in 60 mM NaOH (final concentration 6 mM) and diluted with Tris-buffer saline (TBS, 0. 1 M, pH 7. 4, 0. 025% NaN3) to get the desired peptide concentration (10 μM). Then 50 μL of peptide solution (10 μM) was taken in Eppendorf tube and incubated, with or without different concentrations of Cur or SLCP (in μM: 1, 0. 1, 0. 01, 0. 001), for 8-, and 24-h at 37 °C, with gentle shaking (200 rpm). After the stipulated period of incubation, about 10 μL of peptide solution was spotted on nitrocellulose membrane (Bio-).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Research suggests that soundscapes can positively impact mood and mental well-being. [SEP] Text: These results may be explained by the nature of the intervention, as MTC is primarily a receptive form of singing that involves the caregivers singing songs they chose based on what they preferred to sing, and there is no emphasis on the PWD participating in the activity. Hammar et al. ([2011]) concluded that MTC can be an effective intervention to provide PWD a more pleasant experience of morning care situations as it decreases resistant behaviour and increases positive emotions. This study was designed to improve the interpersonal relationship between PWD and their caregivers, with the goal of improving the morning care situation for the PWD. As such, the benefits to the PWD were emphasised, yet no direct benefit to the caregiver was highlighted. A need for work with persons living with dementia and their carers togetherAs described above, a body of research has investigated the benefits of musical involvement for PWD, yet few studies have investigated the potential benefits for their co-participating carers. In both community and residential care settings, it is often the case that the regular family carer or professional carer accompanies the PWD to a recreational or therapeutic activity deemed to be potentially beneficial to the PWD, with the potential impact of these activities on the carers themselves being largely overlooked. Indeed, relative to the amount of information available regarding PWD, substantially less knowledge exists for those who care for PWD (of Health and Welfare, [2007]; Schofield et al. [1996]). national survey that collected data about carers (Survey of Disability, Ageing, and Carers; SDAC) found that 46% of caregivers reported at least one adverse effect that resulted from their caring role (of Health and Welfare, [2007]). Adverse effects included frequently feeling resentful or angry about their caring role, being diagnosed with a stress-related illness, feeling weary or lacking energy, or feeling worried or depressed. The majority of Australian studies have reported a link between carer burden and the behavioural and psychological symptoms associated with dementia (of Health and Welfare, [2007]). Therefore, as evidence supports improved behavioural and psychological outcomes for PWD following musical intervention, it is also valuable to determine whether such musical involvement positively impacts outcomes for caregivers. Current studyThe work described in this paper comprised two stages: firstly, we created a singing group program for PWD and their caregivers.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: The mean air temperature value, computed all over the OT, is within the limits suggested by the Italian and International standards for the correct use conditions (23. 5 °C) and slightly outside the limits for the incorrect use conditions (24. 4 °C). Taking into account results obtained on the air RH, it can be detected that vapour production, due to persons presence, determines an air moisture content that is not well balanced by the incoming air at the considered hygrometric conditions. Figure10 shows (left side) RH distribution in a horizontal slice (z=1. 5) for “correct operational conditions”. Figure 9. On the left side: temperature [°C] map plotted on contours and in a horizontal slice (z=1. 5) for the “incorrect operational use” (step 3, time 13 s). On the right side: temperature profiles along the x-direction (y=8; z=1. 5, see the line sketched on the slice) for “at rest” (dashed line), “operational correct use” (continuous line) and “operational incorrect use” (dotted-dashed line) conditions. Figure 10. On the left side: RH (%) field in a horizontal plane (z=1. 5) for the “correct operational use”. On the right side: RH profile along the y-direction (x=1. 1; z=1. 5) for “operational correct use” (continuous line) conditions. The mean value computed all over the room in this condition is 67. 8%, which is exceeding any maximum threshold suggested by all the standards. The RH profile lying on a horizontal line along the y axis (x=1. 1; z=1. 5, sketched in the horizontal slice) is also reported in the right portion of Figure10. An increasing level of the moisture content along the y-direction can be noticed: RH at the back of the operating zone presents higher level. This could be due to the lack of ventilation all over the room that can determine stagnation zones. The mean age of air (τ) was also evaluated, using the steady airflow achieved for “at rest” and “correct operational conditions” as transport field for τ computations.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: Then, the membrane was blocked with 5% nonfat milk in TBS-Tween-20 (TBS-T) at room temperature for 1 h, washed with TBS-T, and probed with Aβ-oligomer (A11) and Aβ fibril (OC) specific antibodies (rabbit polyclonal, 1: 1000) in 5% non-fat milk powder in TBS-T overnight at 4 °C. After washing, it was probed with anti-rabbit horseradish-peroxidase (HRP) conjugated secondary antibody solution (1: 25,000, ) for 1 h at room temperature. After washing three times, the blot was developed with (GE-) for 2–5 min. The dot blots were scanned using gel documentation system (Bio-), and the optical density of each dot was measured using Image-J software ( analysisThe morphometric data for GFAP-IR and Iba-1-IR in different brain areas were expressed as mean ± SEM. All data were analyzed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey HSD (honest significant difference) post-hoc tests being conducted when appropriate. A probability value ≤ 0. 05 was considered as statistically significant. ResultsComparison of permeability of Cur or SLCP to the brain tissueTo compare the permeability of Cur or SLCP after their injections (i. p. ) for 2 or 5 days, the 5xFAD mouse brains were sectioned and observed under a fluorescent microscope. We observed that both Cur and SLCP crossed the BBB and bound with Aβ plaques after 2- and 5-days of injections (Fig. 1a) and co-localized with Aβ-specific antibody (6E10) (Fig. 1b). We also found that SLCP showed more permeability than Cur, as assessed by intensity of fluorescent signals that were bound with Aβ plaques. In addition, those mice receiving 5 days of treatment showed increased Aβ plaque labeling when compared to those receiving 2 days of treatment for both the Cur and SLCP groups (Fig. 1a). Similarly, a trend towards more solubility and greater permeability was observed after 2 h exposure of SLCP over Cur with N2a and primary hippocampal neurons at 7 days in vitro (Additional file 1: Fig. S1).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Research suggests that soundscapes can positively impact mood and mental well-being. [SEP] Text: This program built on systematic earlier work in which an approach was developed suitable for seniors, structured for positive physical and psycho-social outcome (see Davidson and Faulkner, [2010]). This comprised a warming session for voice and body, including diaphragmatic support and breathing exercises and some physical stretches; also, some musical games, for technical and social impact; and a broad selection of repertoire comprising both familiar and new. A socialising tea break was also included in the approach and the session lasted 2 hours. In the current context, we wished to apply the principles of the structured singing group format to the PWD to examine whether any significant change in a PWD’s lucidity, mood, agitated behaviour, and focus could be founda. In addition, we aimed to examine directly whether the caregivers’ own energy, mood, level of stress/relaxation and focus was improved following attendance at the group singing session. As a control activity, we also investigated whether any significant changes in these variables were observed in PWD following involvement in a quiz. The quiz drew from materials used by some of the occupational therapists involved with the PWD in the current project and represented a well-established tool for engagement for PWD. As an oral presentation, it included many of the same fun elements of presentation of questions, informal chat and entertainment involved in the singing activity (see Holthe et al. , [2007]; also Dowling, [1995]). In a second stage, we sought to determine whether any additional benefit in these PWD and caregiver variables was observed when attending six consecutive weekly singing sessions. Given the positive results of Lin et al’s ([2011]) study after six weeks of group singing sessions, this was felt to be the minimum timeframe in which any on-going benefit may be detected. Though these were only once a week as opposed to twice a week as in Lin et al. ’s study, our session lasted for 2 hours and were immersive experiences, so we hoped that the length of study would compensate for the lesser frequency. Also, most music therapy and community music activities tend to happen on a weekly basis, so we wanted to replicate this norm and also reflect the goal of the organisations supporting the activity, that is to hold weekly activities for members. If attendance at successive weekly group singing sessions demonstrates a residual benefit on these variables (i. e.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: Figure13 also shows the average pressure trend as a function of time during step 1 (door opening): a significant pressure decrease can be seen from the plotted data. Starting from its initial value, i. e. 32. 6 Pa, the OT average overpressure with respect to the corridor level becomes very low, i. e. 1. 2 Pa. The overpressure variation due to an “unforeseen event” occurring during an “incorrect use condition” of the OT, can determine a temporary non compliance of the pressure scheme with limits suggested by all the considered standards giving specific indications for it. Figure 12. Air velocity field [m/s] in a horizontal slice (z=1. 5) for step 2 and time 7 s (left side) and an enlargement with velocity vectors representation, in the proximity of crossing zone of the door towards the corridor (right side) during “incorrect operational use” conditions. Figure 13. Time evolution of average OT pressure (dashed black line), airflow rate (continuous black line) and total volume of air out-coming the OT (grey-filled surface) during the sliding door opening (Step 5 of the “incorrect operational use” conditions). 5. 2. IAQ indexes evaluationReferring to the air freshness concept, the calculated CO2 concentration, was found to be considerably below the critical limit of 3000 parts per million (ppm) in the global room volume and 1000 ppm in the operating table zone. CO2 concentration is high only in the breathing zone where staff are exhaling. The driving effect due to the velocity field prevails over its spatial distribution. The simulation results obtained for CO2 concentration and its distribution in the BZ and OZ, but also in the PZ and in the total volume of the OT, are in agreement with those provided by recent studies [15, 53]. Anyway, results showed that there is a significant increase in the CO2 concentration from the fundamental zone BZ, to the OZ but progressively to the PZ and TV. Moreover, some IAQ indexes were computed using simulation results and discussed. The proposed indexes are usually applied for IAQ assessment and a quantitative evaluation of ventilation system performance with regard to contaminant removal and infection risk control [54, 55, 56]. Once the distribution of the dependent variables inside the OT, i. e. air velocity, CO2 and p14.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: injections of Cur or SLSP, observed significant amounts of Cur and SLCP reached the brain and that SLCP appeared to provide greater binding to Aβ plaques in comparison to Cur. We hypothesize that SLCP may have greater capability of delivering free Cur in the brain tissue than Cur (Fig. 1) [32]. However, further investigations with different Cur formulae are needed to confirm and extend these findings in order to optimize this form of therapy. When we compared the number of Aβ plaques in prefrontal cortex (PFC) and dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus in both Cur- and SLCP-treated 5xFAD mice, we found that after 5-, but not 2-days, of treatment, a significant reduction (~ 50%) of Aβ plaques in PFC and DG areas was observed in both the Cur and SLCP groups (Fig. 2), suggesting the longer duration of treatment is required to optimize reduction in plaque load. Interestingly, after 5 days of treatment, the size or the plaques was relatively smaller and breakage or disaggregation of plaques by Cur or SLCP was confirmed [14, 17]. We have carefully counted the number of Aβ plaques on single focal plane, but more work using unbiased stereology is needed to confirm those findings and provide a more comprehensive profile of the effects of these treatments on Aβ plaques. Nonetheless, we observed greater reductions of Aβ plaques in case of SLCP group, which may be due to its higher permeability into brain tissue, when compared to that of Cur, allowing it to become more capable of inhibiting the assembly of Aβ plaques (Fig. 2). In our dot blot experiments, SLCP also appeared to inhibit Aβ fibril formation more than that observed by Cur, which may be due higher penetration of free Cur released by the SLCPs, which interspersed between Aβ species and interfered with their aggregation pathway (Fig. 3). Although we have yet to directly measure the levels of soluble Aβ after treatment with Cur and or SLCP in 5xFAD mice, we have shown that SLCP reduced Aβ-oligomer formation more than did Cur, as shown by our dot blot experiment (Fig. 3). Similarly, we have shown the number of Aβ plaques were significantly reduced in the PFC and hippocampus (Fig.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Research suggests that soundscapes can positively impact mood and mental well-being. [SEP] Text: 1, a single singing session ran according to the principles outlined by Davidson and Faulkner ([2010]) and was undertaken to immerse the participants in the group singing experience. Given the membership included PWD, the session required considerable management to organise the PWD into the rehearsal room and have them settled. Therefore, the two hour time period was also chosen to avoid rushing in and out of the session and also to encourage informal chat and a tea break, all adding to the ambience of the experience. The quiz session took a similar format and engaged participants in similar ways. 2, a total of six × 2-hour long sessions were delivered to Group A, building and progressing vocal warm-ups, main repertoire, musical games and tea break, in accordance with the facilitator’s usual practice in applying the training method devised by Davidson and Faulkner. Assessment MaterialsAcross the singing and quiz activities, assessment through bi-polar rating scales drew on behaviours commonly reported as difficulties experienced by PWD and their caregivers (Association, [2000]; of Health and Welfare, [2007]; Ballard et al. , [1996]; Ballard et al. , [2000]; Cooke et al. [2010b]; Finkel, [2003]). For the PWD, two four-item scales were used: Confused – Lucid, – Positive Mood, Agitated – Relaxed, and Unfocused – Focused. Carers made proxy responses for the PWD using a five-point scale. Data were captured two hours prior to and two hours following the singing and quiz sessions. The caregivers also made their own self-assessments, indicating where they fitted on four bipolar five-point scales assessing: Tired – Energised, – Positive Mood, Stressed – Relaxed, Unfocussed – Focused. In addition to these quantifiable measures, participants who took part in the six-week trial were questioned informally immediately after the sessions. ProcedureStage 1The pre- and post-session scales (proxy and self-assessments) were distributed to the caregivers of singing and quiz group members prior to the session, and they were requested to record their responses based on ratings made two hours prior to the session and in the two hours following the session. A, each PWD had their caregiver (a significant other) participate in the singing sessions and complete their proxy report, as is commonly practised in quantitative studies of PWD.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: ConclusionsAn experimental and numerical investigation on the airflow patterns and thermal field in a real OT is presented in this 17. LCRE for CO2 in a horizontal slice (z=1. 6). Figure 18. LCRE for p1. 4). From the case study presented here, the efficiency of the AHU-HVAC system for providing the right indoor microclimatic conditions in compliance with standard thresholds is seen not only related to a good plant design, but also to medical staff and assistant behaviour and room use. Measurements of p1. . Performance of ventilation system in a non-standard operating room. Building and Environment 2003; 38(12) 1401-1411. 2. . Comparison of performances of displacement and mixing ventilations. Part II: indoor air quality. Int. J. of Refrigeration 2005; 28 288-305. 3. . CO2 dispersion studies in an operation theatre under transient conditions. Energy and Buildings 2008; 40 231-239. 4. Pfost JF. A re-evaluation of laminar air flow in hospital operating rooms. 1981; 87(2) 729-739. 5. . Three-dimensional analysis for hospital operating room thermal comfort and contaminant removal. Engineering 2009; 29 2080-2092. 6. Memarzadeh F, Manning A. Comparison of operation room ventilation systems in the protection of surgical site. 2002; 108(22) 3-15. 7. Memarzadeh F, Manning A. Reducing risks of surgery. 2003 45(2) 28-33. 8. Mendez C, San Jose´. Optimization of a hospital room by means of CFD for more efficient ventilation. Energy and Buildings, 2008; 40 849–854. 9. . The integrated effect of medical lamp position and diffuser discharge velocity on ultraclean ventilation performance in an operating theatre. Environment 2006; 15(4) 315-331. 10. Zoon WAC, Van der. On the applicability of the laminar flow index when selecting surgical lighting. Building and Environment 2010; 45(9) 1976-1983. 11. . Testing the effectiveness of operating room ventilation with regard to removal of airborne bacteria. Building and Environment 2011; 46 2570-2577. 12. Kameel R, Khalil EE.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Willow bark has been used historically for pain relief due to its salicylic acid content. [SEP] Text: Skip to Content eLife home page your research Search by keyword or author Reset form my search to This 10. 7554/eLife. 45650 Open access Copyright information Version of RecordOctober 5, 2020 Version of RecordJune 24, 2019 Accepted ManuscriptJune 10, 2019 Open annotations (there are currently 0 annotations on this page). 2,145 views 254 downloads 16 5650. Copy to clipboard Download BibTeX Download. RIS Full text Figures and data Peer review Side by side Additional files 7 figures, 1 table and 7 additional files 1 with 1 supplement Download asset Open asset Identification and quantification of synaptic OXT content in neurohypophyseal axonal termini. (A–C) Scheme describing the neurohypophyseal vasculature and synapses in 5 days post-fertilization (dpf) transgenic reporter Tg(oxt:EGFP). The dense neurohypophyseal synapses (NS) were used as an anatomical landmark to localize the larval neurohypophysis prior to tissue preparation for Microscopy (TEM) imaging (A). TEM image showing cross-section of axons (yellow dashed line) and neurohypophyseal synapses (red dashed line) (B,C). Large dense core vesicles with electron-dense neuropeptides are visible in NS (white arrows). Membranal fusion resembling exocytotic pit (black arrow), membranal invagination resembling endocytic pit (red arrow head) and empty vesicle resembling recycled vesicle (white arrow head) are visible in NS (B’,C’). Ax: axon, BM: basement membrane, EC: endothelial cell and NS: neurohypophyseal synapse. Scale: 500 nM (B,C) and 100 nm (B’, C’). (D,E) Oxytocin neuron-specific labeling of synapses using EGFP-fused synaptic vesicle marker synaptophysin-B (D). Whole-mount confocal microscope imaging of hypophysis of 5 days post-fertilization (dpf) transgenic Tg(oxt:Gal4;UAS:SYP-EGFP) zebrafish following immunostaining with anti-EGFP and a specific antibody against endogenous OXT protein (E).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Research suggests that soundscapes can positively impact mood and mental well-being. [SEP] Text: However for and the quiz group, as there were more PWD than there were caregivers, each caregiver reported on several PWD that they cared for. Stage 2Members of undertook the quantitative questions and in addition, very short qualitative interviews were undertaken, in which simple questions were asked about feelings, mood and experience. Both PWD and carers were interviewed by the researchers, using a conversational approach. Note that from the individuals studied, there was no difficulty in obtaining verbal responses. was selected for this second stage of the study owing to the fact that PWD-carer pairs were family members and that these people were in the closest relationships. Also, although the professional carers in were keen to participate, they were very limited in their time available to offer extra input. Again owing to time demands on the participants in this second study, it was only possible to collect Stage 2 data fortnightly over the six-week trail (weeks 2, 4 and 6). Whilst these were inevitable compromises, they nonetheless reflected the real world environment facing facilitators working with these populations. ResultsStage 1The pre- and post-session measures were administered to the singing group participants and the data were analysed for each group separately, and with both groups’ data combined. Paired samples t-tests were performed to determine whether any significant changes were observed pre- to post-singing session. Group AAll t-values were negative, reflecting a trend of improvement in all variables from pre- to post-session, with PWD lucidity (t (5) = −2. 666, p <. 05) and caregiver mood (t (5) = −3. 162, p <. 05) being significantly improved. Group BAgain, all t-values were negative, indicating a trend of improvement in variables following the singing session. PWD lucidity (t (10) = −3. 614, p <. 01), agitation (t (10) = −2. 390, p <. 05), and focus (t (10) = −3. 464, p <. 01) were significantly improved, with mood approaching significance (t (10) = −2. 193, p =. 053). None of the caregiver variables were significantly improved, however Energy was approaching significance (t (3) = −3. 000, p =. 058).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Only high-rise buildings have poor indoor air quality that requires monitoring. [SEP] Text: 71% of the population occupy apartment buildings, the remaining population lives in detached or terraced houses (20%) and in farmhouses (9%). The majority (84%) of apartment buildings were erected after II, primarily between 1961-1990. One of the main types of building during that period was prefabricated concrete large-panel building, Fig. 1. The thermal properties of the building envelope of these typical apartment buildings are modest Thermal transmittancesExternal wall 0. 5…1. 3 W/(m2 K)Window3. 0 W/(m2 K)Roof0. 7…1. 1 W/(m2 K)Air tightness of the building envelope:n 50: 6. 1 h-1, q 50 4. 2 m3/(h m2) The actual indoor temperature and humidity conditions are important data for assessing indoor climate and thermal comfort as well as energy consumption. To guarantee thermal comfort indoors, both the heating and the ventilation systems and the building envelope play a considerable role. In winter, continuous heating systems should keep the temperature according to the set point of thermostats. In old multi-storey prefabricated apartment Figure 1. Examples of typical apartment buildings composed of prefabricated concrete elements (left: type 1-464A-15, right: type 1-464 Д-84) buildings, radiators are typically without thermostats and the system is typically equipped with standpipe valves. The one-pipe heat distribution system is typical of old multi-storey prefabricated apartment buildings. If the one-pipe system is properly installed and balanced, it can work satisfactorily. If improper modifications have been made and as the balancing of the heating system is complicated, the stability and the temperature level may cause problems during the heating season. Air tightness of the building helps to avoid uncontrolled airflows through the building envelope. This can lead to problems related to the hygrothermal performance of the building envelope, energy consumption, health, performance of the ventilation systems, thermal comfort, noise, and fire resistance. Almost all building envelopes have thermal bridges - locations where the thermal resistance of the assembly is locally lower. Due to lower temperatures on the thermal bridge, higher RH occurs. While surface condensation starts at the 100% of the RH, the limit value for RH in respect of mould growth is above 75% to 90% RH depending on the material.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Willow bark has been used historically for pain relief due to its salicylic acid content. [SEP] Text: Mean weighted colocalization coefficients for OXT fluorescence with respect to GFP fluorescence = 0. 87; n = 5 larvae (and methods for detailed description). Scale: 5 μM. (F) Scheme describing the pipeline for detection of neurohypophyseal synapses. Whole-mount confocal microscope imaging of hypophysis of 5 days post-fertilization (dpf) transgenic reporter Tg(oxt:EGFP) zebrafish following immunostaining with anti-EGFP and a specific antibody against endogenous OXT protein. Analysis of GFP-positive neurohypophyseal synapses (NS) and OXT puncta were performed by using the ‘object identifier’ function in Volocity software on individual channels. Scale: 5 μM. Figure 1—source data 1 Experimental data for Figure 1: colocalization analysis of synaptic OXT and EGFP fluorescence. The excel sheet includes values for weighted colocalization coefficients calculated from confocal images of immunostained transgenic (oxt:gal4; UAS:Syp-EGFP) larval neurohypophysis. Download elife-45650-fig1-data1-v3. xlsx Figure 1—video 1 Download asset This video cannot be played in place because your browser does support HTML5 video. You may still download the video for offline viewing. Download as MPEG-4 Download as WebM Download as Z-stack images and three-dimensional render of 5 days post-fertilization (dpf) transgenic reporter zebrafish Tg(oxt:EGFP) following immunostaining with anti-EGFP and a specific antibody against endogenous OXT protein. Figure 2 Download asset Open asset Osmotic challenge decreases synaptic OXT neuropeptide content. (A) Transgenic Tg(oxt:EGFP) larvae at eight dpf were treated with hypertonic solution (25% artificial sea salt in Danieau buffer) for 20 or 60 min. The larvae that underwent 60 min treatment were allowed to recover in isotonic Danieau buffer for another 60 min. The mean number and volume of NS (B,C) and OXT puncta overlapping with GFP +NS (D,E) were quantified (**p<0. 01 and ***p<0. 001; one-way ANOVA).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Research suggests that soundscapes can positively impact mood and mental well-being. [SEP] Text: Combined data from singing groupsAn improvement across all PWD variables was observed (lucidity: t (16) = −4. 243, p <. 01; mood: t (16) = −2. 781, p <. 05; relaxation: t (16) = −2. 781, p <. 05; and focus: t (16) = −3. 816, p <. 01). Furthermore, by combining data across groups, three of the four caregiver variables were also significantly improved (energy: t (9) = −3. 000, p <. 05; mood: t (9) = −3. 000, p <. 05; focus: t (9) = −2. 449, p <. 05)), with the fourth variable ‘relaxation’ approaching significance (t (9) = −2. 236, p =. 052). Paired samples t-tests for the control pre- and post-quiz data revealed no significant changes in the four PWD variables (lucidity: t (7) =0. 00, p =1. 00; mood: t (7) = −. 552, p =. 598; relaxation: t (7) = −. 552, p =. 598; and focus: t (7) =0. 00, p =1. 00). Given these results, it was decided at Stage 2 that it would not be necessary to run a control group, especially in the context of work which revealed PWD tend to retain a responsiveness to music, rather than verbal communication (Simmons-Stern et al. [2010]). Stage 2Data were additionally collected fortnightly from across a six-week period. Unfortunately, but typical of the cohorts studied, at week 4, two PWD and their two Caregivers were unable to attend, and in week 6, two PWD and one caregiver were unable to attend. Thus, the quantitative data were extremely weak, so when examining for any pre- and post-session differences at weeks 2, 4, and 6, significant differences were only observed in the PWD’s level of focus in Week 2 (t(5) = −3. 162, p <. 05) where attendance was highest, and reflecting an improvement in their focus post-singing group session.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Only high-rise buildings have poor indoor air quality that requires monitoring. [SEP] Text: Thermal bridges lead to an increase in heat losses. If large poorly-insulated or non-insulated envelope areas exist, the surfaces will be cold in winter and may cause problems with thermal comfort due to cold draughts or radiation (in particular, asymmetric radiation). The paper presents the results of the study of indoor climate and energy use and the factors that affect them in typical apartment buildings. As constructions and outdoor climate also influence the indoor climate and the energy use they should always be taken into account. The study is confined to the investigation of the problem in cold climate (Estonia) and to the apartment buildings erected from prefabricated concrete elements. Advertisement 2. give an overview of the indoor temperature and humidity conditions and energy use in old multi-storey apartment buildings composed of prefabricated concrete elements, long-term field measurements were carried out in 39 apartments in 20 blocks of flats in Estonia (Kalamees et. al. 2009). The buildings were heated by district heating and a one-pipe radiator heating system. Radiators, as a rule, were not equipped with special thermostats, therefore individual control of the room temperature was impossible. Room temperature for the whole building was controlled in heat substations, depending on outdoor temperature. The data about energy use were collected from the building studied separately (room heating including heating of ventilation air), heating of domestic hot water (DHW), use of electric energy (for appliances, equipments, lighting, technical systems, etc. ). The temperature and the RH in the rooms were measured with data loggers at 1-h intervals over a 1-year period. The data loggers were located on the separating walls mainly in master bedrooms. The temperature range measured by the data loggers was between 20º C and +70º C with an accuracy of ±0. 35º C and the RH range was between 5% and 95RH% with an accuracy of ±2. 5RH%. Indoor thermal conditions in the apartments studied were assessed on the basis of the target values from the standards (CR 1752, 1998, EN-15251, 2007). The II indoor climate category (normal level of expectation, for new buildings and renovations) and the III indoor climate category (acceptable, moderate level of expectation, for existing buildings) were selected for the comparison.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Willow bark has been used historically for pain relief due to its salicylic acid content. [SEP] Text: (F–J) Cell-specific blockage of synaptic release using botulinum toxin light chain B increases hypophyseal OXT levels (F). The mean number and volume of mCherry +NS (G,H) and oxytocin puncta overlapping with mcherry +NS (I,J) were quantified in 8-dpf old larvae of Tg(oxt:Gal4; UAS:NTR-mCherry) labeled as BoTx- (n = 13 larvae) versus Tg(oxt:Gal4; UAS:BoTxLCB-GFP; UAS:NTR-mCherry) at isotonic Danieau buffer (BoTx+ (n = 14 larvae)) or upon 60 min treatment with hypertonic solution (ST BoTx+; n = 12 larvae). (***p<0. 001, ****p<0. 0001; one-way ANOVA). Error bars indicate SEM in (B-E and G-J). Figure 2—source data 1 Experimental data for Figure 2: Neurohypophyseal synaptic parameters upon hyperosmotic challenge. The excel sheet includes values for number and volume of neurohypophyseal synapses and OXT puncta upon hyperosmotic challenge. Download elife-45650-fig2-data1-v3. xlsx Figure 3 with 1 supplement Download asset Open asset Actin polymerization regulates synaptic OXT content. (A–D) Spatial relationship between actin and neuropeptide in hypophysis revealed by super-resolution microscopy. Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) images of the neurohypophyseal area of 6 days post-fertilization (dpf) Tg(oxt:gal4; UAS:lifeact-EGFP) larvae stained using anti-OXT and anti-GFP antibodies (A). (B–D:) Magnifications of squared areas. Scale bars: 1 µm. (E–H) Assessment of the effect of cytochalasin D treatment on synaptic properties in Tg(oxt:EGFP) larvae. Larvae were treated with DMSO or cytochalasin D at 400 nM between 4 and 5 dpf, stained using anti-GFP and anti-OXT antibodies and quantified following imaging as in Figure 1.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Research suggests that soundscapes can positively impact mood and mental well-being. [SEP] Text: The lack of significant differences in the other variables and weeks in this extra data collection is very likely due to the limited power of the study, as significant differences were observed across all variables (with the exception of caregiver relaxation) when the data collected from the singing groups was combined and so the N met a good minimum standard (N = 25) (as reported above). The pre- and post-session trends reflected an improvement in all variables (with the exception of caregiver focus in Weeks 2 and 4). To determine whether there was any additional benefit from attending consecutive singing sessions over the six-week period, the pre- and post- scores that were calculated for each variable (for the PWD and for their caregiver, at 2, 4, and 6 weeks) were normalised. These data were then fitted with a linear regression, to determine whether the slope of the linear function was significantly different than zero, reflecting an additional benefit of regular attendance at the singing group sessions. All slopes were positive, reflecting a trend of improvement in the variables from session to session. A significant benefit from attending consecutive sessions was observed in three of the four PWD variables (lucidity: (F(1,4) = 13. 700, p <. 05); mood (F(1,4) = 9. 600, p <. 05); focus: (F(1,4) = 42. 42, P <. 01); relaxation: (F(1,4) = 3. 321, p =. 143)). For the caregiver, such additional benefit in attending consecutive singing group sessions was observed in their level of relaxation (relaxation: F(1,4) = 8. 955, p <. 05)), however no significant effect was observed in the other variables (energy: (F(1,4) = 2. 048, p =. 226); mood (F(1,4) = 2. 001, p =. 230); and focus (F(1,4) =. 034, p =. 86). The qualitative interviews with the PWD and their caregiver, though collected in brief interactions, complimented the main rating scales.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Only high-rise buildings have poor indoor air quality that requires monitoring. [SEP] Text: If there were more measurements from one building, the average value was calculated to represent the air tightness of the building. From the measurement results, the reference value of air tightness for different types of buildings was calculated. The reference value q 50,delc (Eqn. 1) represents the median value (50% fractile) with a confidence level of 90% for air tightness. The reference value of air tightness is applicable for energy calculations, when air tightness is not measured or the air tightness base value given in energy performance regulation is not suitable for use (too large or too small). q 50 d e c l = q 50 + k ⋅ σ q 50 m 3 ( h · m 2 ) E1 where: q 50 is the mean value of air tightness of this building type, m3/(h m2); k is a factor to take into account the median value with a confidence level of 90% (Eqn. 2), and σ q 50 is the standard deviation of air tightness measurement results (Eqn. 3). k = 1. 645 n E2 where: n is the number of measurements. σ q 50 = ∑ i = 1 n ( q 50 i − q 50 ) 2 n − 1 m 3 ( h · m 2 ) E3 where: q 50 i is a single air tightness measurement result. Additionally, an interview questionnaire was completed for each apartment, where the building characteristics, occupants’ habits, typical perceptions, complaints and symptoms related to the indoor climate were included. Indoor temperature and RH were continuously measured for each apartment building at 1-h intervals over a 1-year period. Outdoor climate was measured near the apartment buildings studied or climatic data were retrieved from the nearest weather station. Advertisement 3. Energy use in typical apartment buildings Most of the buildings were heated by district heating, a small part of them by local boiler houses and a one-pipe radiator heating system. Radiators as a rule were not equipped with special thermostats, therefore individual control of the room temperature was impossible. Room temperature for the whole building was controlled in heat substations depending on outdoor temperature. Data on energy use in the buildings studied were collected separately, room heating including the heating of the ventilation air, heating of domestic hot water (DHW), electricity use (for appliances, equipments, lighting technical systems etc. ).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Willow bark has been used historically for pain relief due to its salicylic acid content. [SEP] Text: The number and mean volume of neurohypophyseal synapses (NS) (E,F) and the number and mean volume of NS-associated OXT puncta (G,H) was quantified. p<0. 01, Student’s t-test, Cohen’s d = 1. 54 (E); p<0. 1, Student's t-test, Cohen's d = 0. 85 (F); p<0. 05, Student's t-test, Cohen's d = 1. 17 (G); p<0. 01, Student's t-test, Cohen's d = 1. 43 (H), n = 8, 12 for DMSO and cytochalasin D treatment, respectively. (I–N) Assessment of the effect of oxytocin-neuron specific perturbation of actin. Transgenic embryos expressing the oxytocin Gal4 driver (oxt:Gal4) were injected with transposon-based transgenic vectors containing either control UAS:EGFP (I) or UAS:Cofilin-EGFP (L) expression cassettes. All the injected larvae were sorted for fluorescent heart selection marker and were subjected to immunostaining with anti-EGFP and anti-OXT antibody. 5-dpf larvae with and without expression of EGFP-labeled neurohypophyseal synapses were imaged using confocal microscopy as in Figure 1F. The number (J,M) and volume of OXT puncta (K,N) were quantified. (J-M: ns, non-significant; N: p<0. 05; Student’s t-test with Cohen’s d = 0. 92). Error bars indicate SEM in (E-H, J,K,M and N). Figure 3—source data 1 Experimental data for Figure 3: Neurohypophyseal synaptic parameters upon actin perturbation. The excel sheet includes values for number and volume of neurohypophyseal synapses and OXT puncta from confocal imaging of larvae that were subjected to DMSO vs cytochalasin treatment or embryos that underwent transgenesis experiment for OXT-neuron specific EGFP vs cofilin expression. Download elife-45650-fig3-data1-v3.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Research suggests that soundscapes can positively impact mood and mental well-being. [SEP] Text: Researcher-led discussion took place with the PWD and his/her carer, and through these interactions it became obvious to the researchers that the carers not only had great insight into the moods and behaviours of the PWD, but that they were extremely sensitive to the impact of the singing groups over time, on both parties. Indicative positive comments collected on different occasions are captured in in Table 1 below. Table 2 highlights some negative comments and Table 3 shows other factors of significance to the participants to have emerged in the brief interviews. Table 1 Positive target behaviour comments offered across the six-week program by carers, PWD and the facilitator Full size table Table 2 Negative target behaviour comments offered across the six week program by carers, PWD and the facilitator Full size table Table 3 Additional comments offered across the six-week program by carers, PWD and the facilitator relating to matters considered to be of importance, but not related to the target behaviours Full size table Together these qualitative data reveal that when given the opportunity to comment, the majority of participants believed the variables under investigation to be important and positively reinforced in the singing group context. Where negative comments are made, it is evident that the PWD or the carer has displayed a lower mood behaviour that was perhaps not so effectively regulated by the singing that day, though these were only small negative reflections set within a positive overall experience. Finally, some other emergent factors are worthy of further comment: the potential for positive identity construction that seemed to be elicited by the activity of singing, which in turn appeared to facilitate socio-emotional connection between carer and PWD. This effect was also reflected in the specific value of reminiscence. More generally, the physical proximity afforded by group singing also seemed to offer participants a type of closeness that might have otherwise been changed or lost through the effects of the dementia. Taking the data shown in these three tables together, it can be seen that participants overwhelmingly perceived positive value in the vocal activity, with the core factors of lucidity, focus, energy, mood and relaxation all being present and indeed – even within the small cohort studied – developing as engagement increased over the sessions. DiscussionThis study was made possible by creating two singing groups containing PWD and their caregivers. The aim was to determine whether attendance at a one off or more extended weekly two hour singing sessions had positive impact for the group members.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Only high-rise buildings have poor indoor air quality that requires monitoring. [SEP] Text: In spite of problems concerning the work of one-pipe heating systems the heat consumption in those buildings within the 35 years (1974-2009) has still decreased considerably. The decrease has first of all taken place due to a decrease in the DHW consumption ( Koiv, Voll & Hani, 2010 Koiv, Hani & Voll, 2009) and to a certain lowering of the internal temperature (the latter becoming possible owing to the use of automatic heat substations and the balancing of the heating systems) and partly by renovating the envelope elements of the buildings, all in all about 170 kWh/m2 (per gross area of apartments), see Fig. 2. 115 kWh/m2 of the decrease in the heat consumption was made up by a decrease in the DHW consumption, because by that time the DHW systems in bigger towns had mostly been renovated. It can be seen that the 80s saw a very slight change in the heat consumption in apartment buildings, but after that it started decreasing very quickly. A decrease in the DHW consumption did not bring about any special problems. A decrease in the heating costs became possible due to the renovation of the heat substations (boiler houses) and in part of the buildings also to that of the heating systems, as well as the renovation of the building envelope (first of all the windows). By replacing the windows it was possible to economize on the heat consumption, but to a great extent it took place at the expense of decreasing the air change, which considerably deteriorated the indoor climate and often caused mould in apartments (Koiv, Voll, Mikola, Kuusk & Maivel, 2010). Figure 2. Approximate heat consumption of DHW, heating (room heating and heating of ventilation air) and the total for the years 1975-2009 (per gross area of apartments) Advertisement 4. Performance of ventilation The ventilation system of the apartment buildings investigated was natural (passive stack) ventilation, Fig. 3. In some apartments kitchens were supplied with a hood. In all of the dwellings studied, windows could be opened for airing purposes. The air change in such buildings is unstable, being affected by external temperature, the height of the ventilation channel and also by the strength of the wind and its direction. Though mechanical ventilation has been the standard installation in new apartment buildings in Estonia during the last two decades, old apartment buildings have preserved natural ventilation due to the complexity of the ventilation renovation. Figure 3.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Willow bark has been used historically for pain relief due to its salicylic acid content. [SEP] Text: xlsx Figure 3—video 1 Download asset This video cannot be played in place because your browser does support HTML5 video. You may still download the video for offline viewing. Download as MPEG-4 Download as WebM Download as Ogg Three-dimensional render showing STORM images of endogenous OXT and Lifeact-EGFP in neurohypophyseal synapses. Figure 4 Download asset Open asset Robo2 regulates synaptic actin dynamics. (A) robo2 is expressed in larval zebrafish neurosecretory preoptic area (NPO) and colocalizes with Oxytocin neurons. Confocal Z-stack images showing fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) of transgenic larvae Tg(oxt:EGFP) (3 days post-fertilization (dpf)) using probes directed against robo2 mRNAs (magenta), followed by anti-EGFP staining. The neurosecretory preoptic (NPO) area in which OXT neurons were labeled is shown. Scale bar: 20 µm. (B,C) Real-time monitoring of synaptic actin dynamics in live transgenic reporter Tg(oxt:Gal4; UAS:Lifeact-EGFP) larvae mounted in 0. 1% low-melt agarose and imaged using multi-photon microscopy upon after Photobleaching (FRAP) (B). Time-series images of FRAP experiment in a neurohypophyseal synapse with Lifeact-EGFP expression (C). Scale bar: 200 nm. (D–F) Assessment of synaptic actin dynamics in robo2 mutant using the transgenic actin dynamics reporter Tg(oxt:Gal4; UAS:Lifeact-EGFP) larvae. Graph showing the normalized FRAP profile of Lifeact-EGFP fluorescence intensity in 6-dpf robo2+/+ (n = 19 synapses from seven larvae) and robo2-/- (n = 21 synapses from seven larvae) (D) (***p<2e-16) for genotypeXtime interaction effect in a linear mixed effects model to account for inter-synapse and inter-genotype variability (see Materials and methods).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Research suggests that soundscapes can positively impact mood and mental well-being. [SEP] Text: When analysing the combined data from the two singing groups, though quantitatively small, the data nonetheless produced positive analyses, revealing encouraging changes in the PWD’s lucidity, mood, agitation, and focus, observed from the two hours prior to a one-off singing session to the two hours post-session. Such positive changes were not observed in these variables following involvement in the control activity of a quiz. Further, caregivers’ energy levels, mood, and focus were improved from pre- to post-singing group session (and their mean level of relaxation had also increased and was approaching significance). In addition, attendance at the sessions over six weeks had positive effects on the PWD’s baseline level of lucidity, mood, and focus when assessed in the following fortnight’s session. Similarly, attending consecutive weekly singing sessions had positive impacts on the caregivers’ stress level, with an increase in their baseline level of relaxation occurring from session to session. The residual benefit of these variables, which was observed fortnightly over the six-week period, supports the promotion of regular attendance at singing sessions for PWD and their caregivers. Further to these small-scale quantitative outcomes, the qualitative reports generally support these data, offering a richer and human face to the rating scale results. This study is novel in that it demonstrates the potential benefit available to elderly PWD and their caregivers following attendance at a weekly singing group. Until now, no study has directly explored whether such improvements experienced by PWD following musical intervention can similarly be observed in caregivers if musical involvement is also undertaken. This is surprising given the impact the role of ‘caregiver’ has on those who undertake such a role to care for PWD. As mentioned in the introduction to this paper, a report produced by the for Health and Welfare (AIHW) following a national data analysis of dementia in Australia, noted that 46% of caregivers reported at least one adverse effect as a result of their caring duties (2007). These adverse effects included frequently feeling anger or resentment about their caring role, being diagnosed with a stress-related illness, feeling weary or lacking energy, or frequently feeling anxious or depressed because of the caring role. Further the AIHW report (2007) noted that most Australian studies report a link between carer burden and the behavioural and psychological symptoms associated with dementia.

Output: corroborate