Input: Claim: The development of quantum computers could threaten traditional cryptographic methods, but quantum cryptography provides a solution to this problem. [SEP] Text: Квантовые технологии и квантовые компьютеры, являясь квантономической продукцией, формируют спрос на высокоскоростные системы защиты данных, в которых минимизация риска взлома и доступа к информации обусловлена применением принципов квантовой криптографии и стеганографии.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Bioengineers have developed synthetic organisms that can produce pharmaceuticals or biofuels from simple sugars. [SEP] Text: 16 g/L, which represent a yield Y FA/S = 0. 13 ± 0. 07 g/g (grams of fatty acids produced per gram of glucose equivalents in the industrial starch added to the media). The parental strain JMY3501 produced similar lipid titers, 3. 2 g/L from 60 g/L of glucose, and therefore with a lower yield Y FA/S = 0. 053 g/g [41]. Although the total lipid titer remains low compared to other engineered strains in bioreactor optimized conditions [24], here we set up a proof of concept that can be easily transferred to different genetic backgrounds and cultured in optimized large-scale conditions. Surprisingly, we found those strains able to grow in the industrial starch on the surface of the insoluble fractions (coming from wheat cells) present in this substrate, as revealed in the electronic microscopy [Fig. 7d (control with no cells), e (attached cells)]. These preliminary data could suggest the ability of Y. lipolytica to bind plant biomass, which could be useful in cell immobilization approaches. Additionally, this interesting feature could be exploited towards the use of lignocellulosic material using this yeast. This fact is in accordance to previous reports that show the ability of Yarrowia to bind to hydrophobic substrates in an inducible manner [43] due to Lewis acid–base interactions rather than hydrophobic properties of the cell surface [44] Nonetheless, more experiments must be performed to confirm these results, which are currently undergoing. As we previously discussed, microbial lipids can be used as biodiesel after transmethylation reaction to form fatty acids methyl esters (FAMEs) [45]. It is important to notice that the fatty acid profile (differences in carbon chain length and number of double bonds) of the biolipid has a strong influence in the biodiesel quality [46]. Therefore, we analyzed the fatty acid composition of our strains after growing in industrial starch (Additional file 3: Figure S2). As expected, most abundant fatty acids are 18:1, 16:0, 18:2, 16:1 and 18:0. Nonetheless, significantly differences were found between the wild-type background and the lipid accumulating background, where 16:0 was two times higher and 18:1 was diminished in 20 %.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: All ants are capable of forming supercolonies without conflict. [SEP] Text: -19 PreprintsProtocolsVideosJournalsTools & a 10. 21203/rs. 3. rs-2788627/v1This work is licensed under a CC BY 4. 0 LicenseStatus:Published10 Jul, 2023Read the published version in →Version 1posted 5You are reading this latest preprint versionAbstractA biennial sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) generally takes two years to flower and complete its life cycle. In the first year, the plant grows vegetatively, and then enters a period of cold winter. In the second year, it grows reproductively and initiates flowering under long daylength conditions. Among biennial beets that grow vegetatively in outdoor field conditions, two strains were found to flower early under 24-hour daylength conditions without being exposed to cold temperatures. The hypothetical locus related to the flowering trend was named ‘BLOND’ and crossings between strains of the BLOND and normal biennials yielded hybrid derivatives of F1, F2, and BC1F1. Bolting rate was investigated both in an outdoor field under natural daylength conditions and in a greenhouse with an artificial 24-hour daylength. BLOND strains and hybrid derivatives did not bolt in the outdoor field similar to those in the biennial control strains. This enables evaluation of important agronomic traits, such as yield, which cannot be evaluated using an annual control strain in which all plants bolt. However, under 24-hour daylength conditions, BLOND strains bolted without vernalization treatment, unlike those in the biennial control strains but similar to annuals. The bolting rates of the hybrid derivatives suggested that the flowering characteristics of BLOND were mainly controlled by a single dominant gene. Because seed production in BLOND is estimated to take at least four months, similar to that of the annual beet, BLOND’s bolt rate may be applicable for speed breeding of sugar beets. boltingBLONDday lengthvernalizationIntroductionMost crop varieties have been bred and developed more than a decade. This is to ensures the homogeneity required for a variety by genetically fixing it through multiple generations (Jamali et al. 2022). Biennial crops, such as sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), have an absolute vernalization requirement that includes a certain period of low temperature or winter to advance one generation (Bosemark 2006).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The development of quantum computers could threaten traditional cryptographic methods, but quantum cryptography provides a solution to this problem. [SEP] Text: </li> <li>Квантовые технологии и квантовые компьютеры, являясь квантономической продукцией, формируют спрос на высокоскоростные системы защиты данных, в которых минимизация риска взлома и доступа к информации обусловлена применением принципов квантовой криптографии и стеганографии.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Bioengineers have developed synthetic organisms that can produce pharmaceuticals or biofuels from simple sugars. [SEP] Text: doi:10. 1016/j. renene. 2008. 09. 002. 45. doi:10. 1016/j. jbiotec. 2014. 08. 011. 3. 2. 1. 3) is the major starch-degrading enzyme secreted by the phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. J Gen Microbiol. 1991;137:2463–8. 1003. doi:10. 1007/s12010-009-8579-y. 6. doi:10. 1016/j. enzmictec. 2011. 01. 002. 15. doi:10. 1007/s00253-010-2487-5. 40. doi:10. 1128/AEM. 70. 8. 5037-5040. 2004. 50. doi:10. 1042/BST0301047. 99. doi:10. 1016/j. ymben. 2014. 09. 008. 95. doi:10. 1016/j. bbalip. 2013. 07. 001. 48. Berlin: Springer; 2010 (ISBN: 978-3-540-77584-3 2010). -. Increased electron donor and electron acceptor characters enhance the adhesion between oil droplets and cells of Yarrowia lipolytica as evaluated by a new cytometric assay. J Chem. 2003;51(10):3007–11. doi:10. 1021/jf020901m. 93. doi:10. 1038/nbt. 2683. 8. doi:10. 1016/j. biortech. 2008. 06. 039. 2015. doi:10. 1016/j. bbalip. 2015. 04. 004. 1. Berlin: Springer; 1996. 88. 9. 9. CAS 502. doi:10. 1016/j. mimet. 2007. 06. 008. 44. 53. CAS 37. 5. 91. doi:10. 1002/bit. 25245. 9. doi:10. 1016/j. plipres. 2012. 05. 001. 71. doi:10. 1186/1475-2859-11-71. 33. doi:10. 1007/s11746-006-5033-y. 0003. R.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: All ants are capable of forming supercolonies without conflict. [SEP] Text: These crops require additional years to advance one generation than major annual crops, such as corn, wheat, soybean, or rice (Hickey et al. 2019). Therefore, speed breeding is of particular importance in sugar beets. Sugar beet is planted in temperate and subarctic regions and is the second most important sugar crop after sugarcane. Since the onset of reproductive growth (i. e. , bolting stem elongation and flowering) in the first year causes a decrease in sucrose yield and quality in roots, breeding of biennial beets that are less susceptible to bolting has been selected in the breeding process. It is known that B loci found in the annual strain is involved in the tendency of bolting (Abegg 1936; Boudry et al. 1994, El-Mezawy et al. 2002). Positional cloning has revealed that the gene responsible for B locus is BvBTC1, and in the process of breeding and selection, specific haplotypes have been selected that are tolerance to bolting (Pin et al. 2012). Therefore, normal biennial beets can only grow vegetatively and accumulate sucrose in the roots during the first year of growth, resulting in high production. On the other hand, to obtain seeds, it is necessary to induce flowering in the roots through prolonged vernalization and subsequent long-day treatments. Sugar beets require two growing seasons to produce seeds using conventional methods. Seeds are sown in the spring of the first year, and by the fall of that year, enlarged roots, called stecklings, are obtained through vegetative growth. The stecklings are then vernalized during winter and re-planted the following spring to initiate reproductive growth and harvest the seeds by fall (Kockelmann and Meyer 2006). In addition, Kuroda et al. (2015) reported another method to produce seeds in a relatively short period by taking advantage of the response to vernalization from the seedling stage. Young seedlings were grown and vernalized during the winter, re-planted in the spring, and harvested by fall. Nevertheless, long-term vernalization treatments are essential for both methods of seed production because plants must be exposed to cold temperatures (5°C to 8°C) for 8–14 weeks to achieve vernalization (Milford 2006).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The development of quantum computers could threaten traditional cryptographic methods, but quantum cryptography provides a solution to this problem. [SEP] Text: </li> <li>Квантовые технологии и квантовые компьютеры, являясь квантономической продукцией, формируют спрос на высокоскоростные системы защиты данных, в которых минимизация риска взлома и доступа к информации обусловлена применением принципов квантовой криптографии и стеганографии.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Bioengineers have developed synthetic organisms that can produce pharmaceuticals or biofuels from simple sugars. [SEP] Text: licheniformis MW3 and its utilization of xylose B. licheniformis MW3 is a natural producer of 2,3-BD. To produce l-lactic acid in this strain, the genes responsible for 2,3-BD synthesis (alsS and alsD) were knocked out (Table 1, Additional file 1: Figure S1). The resulting strain, designated RH01, was used to test the biosynthesis of l-lactic acid from xylose. Fed-batch fermentation was performed in a 5-L fermenter with an initial xylose concentration of approximately 55 g/L [19]. In our previous study, d-lactic acid production by strain MW3 was distinctly affected by the pH of the incubation medium and exhibited a maximum productivity at pH 7. 0 [9]. Thus, in this study, pH 7. 0 was chosen for the engineered strain RH01. As shown in Fig. 2a, no 2,3-BD was detected in RH01, and 73. 4 g/L l-lactic acid was obtained from 113. 1 g/L xylose after 62 h. The productivity was 1. 2 g/[L h], and the yield was 64. 9% of the theoretical yield. The concentrations of acetic acid, ethanol, and succinic acid were 6. 7, 5. 5, and 0. 31 g/L, respectively. A large amount of formic acid (20. 1 g/L) was detected in the medium, suggesting that the native l-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) might not be sufficiently robust to compete with other enzymes in consuming pyruvate. Fig. 2Time-course of fed-batch fermentation by strains RH01 and RH02 from xylose. a RH01; b RH02. The fermentations were conducted in a 5-L bioreactor with 2. 5 L of initial medium. The initial concentration of xylose was approximately 57. 0 g/L. The cultivation was performed at 50 °C with stirring at 80 rpm. The pH was maintained at 7. 0 by automatic addition of 25% (w/v) Ca(OH)2. Xylose was added to the medium when its concentration was lower than 20. 0 g/L.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: All ants are capable of forming supercolonies without conflict. [SEP] Text: The seed production period is greatly reduced if vernalization is not required. For example, there are annual strains of the same species as sugar beets that do not have vernalization requirements (Abegg 1936). When these annual strains are grown outdoors in the field from late April to early May, the typical growing season in Hokkaido, bolting and flowering are induced under natural daylength conditions in June (Shimamoto et al. 1990; Abe et al. 1997) and seeds can be harvested by fall. This method is likely to be the shortest method in effect, with seed production possible in approximately four months. However, a major drawback of this method is that the extremely high frequency of bolting prevents root enlargement, making it impossible to evaluate important traits, such as yield, in the field. Long daylength, along with low temperatures, is an important external environmental factor that promotes the flowering of sugar beets (Chroboczek 1933; Owen 1940; Stout 1946). In other long-day plants, such as wheat, barley, chickpeas, and oilseed rape, advancement of generation can be promoted by extending the day length (Ghosh et al. 2018, Watson et al. 2018). In order to resolve the dilemma of short-term seed production and field evaluation of agronomic traits in sugar beets, in situations where annuals and biennials are incompatible, for example, strains that initiate flowering only under certain specific daylength conditions while continuing to grow normally in the field would be useful for speed breeding. A preliminary investigation of sugar beet breeding strains from these perspectives revealed two interesting strains: the plant behaves as a biennial and the roots enlarge without the occurrence of bolting when grown outdoors; however, flowering is induced without vernalization treatment when grown in a greenhouse with 24-hour daylength (Kuroda unpublished data). Namely, among biennial beets that grow vegetatively in outdoor field conditions, the two strains were found to flower early under 24-hour daylength conditions without being exposed to cold temperatures. We hypothesized that the two strains retained vegetative growth and required vernalization to initiate flowering under outdoor field conditions (i. e. , natural day length), but lost the vernalization requirement and initiated flowering under daylength conditions longer than natural daylength (e. g. 24-hour daylength).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The development of quantum computers could threaten traditional cryptographic methods, but quantum cryptography provides a solution to this problem. [SEP] Text: Lapshin V. V. , Okhotsimskij D. E. , Platonov A. K. Ob odnom sposobe rekuperatsii ehnergii pri dvizhenii shagayuschego apparata/ nauk SSSR. Mekhanika tverdogo tela. 1986, № 5. 9. Ratkin L. S. K 90-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya pervogo direktora FTIAN akademika Valieva: kvantonomika, kvantovo-tekhnologicheskaya initsiativa i kvantovaya promyshlennosti na primere povysheniya urovnya diversifikatsii finansovo-kommunikatsionnykh korporatsij v voennoj i grazhdanskoj sferakh/ Investitsii v Rossii. 2020, № 11 (310). 10. Ratkin L. S. Kvantovye kommunikatsii i komp'yuternaya steganografiya dlya razvitiya ehlektrotransporta v/ Transport: nauka, tekhnika, upravlenie. Nauchnyj informatsionnyj sbornik. 2021, № 1. 11. Ratkin L. S. Patent na izobretenie № 2322693. 12. Ratkin L. S. Razrabotka informatsionnoj sistemy dlya distantsionnogo obucheniya spetsialistov v sfere superkomp'yuternykh i kvantovo-komp'yuternykh vychislenij s primeneniem kriptografii i komp'yuternoj steganografii na platforme «1S: Predpriyatie»/ V sbornike: Novye informatsionnye tekhnologii v obrazovanii. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov XXI Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferentsii.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Bioengineers have developed synthetic organisms that can produce pharmaceuticals or biofuels from simple sugars. [SEP] Text: It remains elusive whether the interaction of and free SNZR L accounts for up the up regulated synthesis by confluent tendon cells in culture. The data available does not support there is direct interaction between cell surface and intracellular free SNZR L. Other factors and/or changes of cellular gene expression patterns should also be considered. 1 should be presented as Table 1, which is important to demonstrate that tendon cells of adult rooster tendon also express hi level of collagen synthesis. Additional comments Cell density-dependent collagen synthesis is an old observation of cultured tendon fibroblasts, which is probably true to most fibroblasts isolated from any connective tissues, if not all. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating collagen synthesis remains unknown. The author has made significant contribution in finding complex in promoting tendon fibroblasts and novel hypothesis of the interaction and free SNZR L may contribute to the regulation of cell density synthesis of collagen by fibroblasts. It would be of interest to determine whether all around and full cell-cell contact at confluency is perquisite for the upregulation of collagen synthesis or the cessation of cell growth, e. g. , arrest of cell cycle, is sufficient for the up regulation of collagen synthesis. Cite this review as Kao WK (2022) #1 of "A synthetic cell density signal can drive proliferation in chick embryonic tendon cells and tendon cells from a full size rooster can produce high levels of procollagen in cell culture (v0. 1)". PeerJ Reviewer 2 · Sep 11, 2022 Basic reporting In the manuscript titled "A synthetic cell density signal can drive proliferation 1 in chick embryonic tendon cells and tendon cells from a full size rooster can produce high levels of procollagen in cell culture, describes finding relating to the treatment of tendon cells with a lipid-protein complex that regulates their proliferation. I have a major and minor issue with the style of reporting. The major issue: The manuscript occasionally reads as a review and other times as an original report. The abstract reflects the same: one is left confused as to where the previous reportage of relevant published observations end and where the new findings of this paper begin. A formidable deal of editing is sorely required before the manuscript can be accepted into the public domain. To illustrate with an example: "They might 203 have to add both at the same time. And even then, this molecule might not be stable.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: All ants are capable of forming supercolonies without conflict. [SEP] Text: The two strains were named ‘BLOND’ (Bolting by longer than natural day length). In this study, differences in flowering characteristics were investigated for two years using these strains under two growth conditions: an outdoor field and a greenhouse. In addition, artificial crosses were made between strains with different flowering characteristics to produce several progenies, and the heritability of these characteristics was investigated. materials Flowering characteristics were investigated using two ‘BLOND’ strains, ‘NK-420mm-O’ and ‘NK-422mm-O’, derived from biennial sugar beet populations of different origins in 1991 and 1976, respectively. One of the two strains, ‘NK-420mm-O (also known as N2n-35-70-2-4)’, had flowering characteristics similar to the annual beet in the greenhouse, which could be explained by a single dominant gene model (Kuranouchi et al. 1990). However, there were no detailed data on flowering characteristics under outdoor field conditions. As for on the other strain ('NK-422mm-O'), there is only a record having an annual-like flowering trait, and no further information is available. Typical annual and biennial beets were used as controls for the BLOND. For the annual control, the strain ‘TA-33BB-O’ was used. This strain usually bolts under long-day conditions in a greenhouse and exhibits the same phenomenon when grown under outdoor field conditions (Shimamoto et al. 1990; Abe et al. 1997). For the biennial control, ‘NK-280mm-O’, ‘NK-310mm-O’, ‘NK-377mm-O’ and/or ‘Monohikari’ were used. In addition, crossings of these materials were performed to evaluate the heritability and segregation of the flowering characteristics of BLOND. For crossing using the BLOND strains, F1 and F2 were obtained by crossing the BLOND and biennial strains (‘NK-377mm-CMS’ or ‘NK-310mm-O’), and BC1F1s were obtained by crossing the F1 and biennial strain (‘NK-310mm-O’).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of solar-powered drone applications focus on reducing the need for traditional fuel sources and extending operational range. Solar-powered drones will soon be able to fly indefinitely, powered entirely by sunlight, with no need for landing or recharging. [SEP] Text: The system response is excellent, and the control procedure is carried out with very minor overshoots. However, there is a noticeable overshoot in the case of altitude and yaw velocity control, at 60 seconds for altitude and 66, and 71 seconds for yaw velocity. Figure 3. The actual and desired altitude values. Figure 4. The actual and desired roll values. Figure 5. The actual and desired pitch values. Figure 6. The actual and desired yaw values. A trajectory can be simulated to show that the simulation is appropriately controlled and operating. A 3D trajectory may be created using the trajectory inputs and states of altitude, roll, pitch, and yaw velocity. Figure 7 shows the three-dimensional trajectory, whereas Figure 8 illustrates the sensor position output. Figure 7. The quadcopter position sensor reading. Figure 8. The quadcopter trajectory. The RPM of the motors is also provided in Figure 7 for further controller demonstration. The aforementioned overshoot may also be seen in the RPM diagram at the same time period (Figure 9). Figure 9. The quadcopter RPM. The quadcopter’s voltage, current, and battery state of charge (SOC) are simulated in both cases, with and without solar cells. The results are compared to show how using solar cells improves flight duration. Figures 10–17 compare battery simulation results with and without solar cells. Figure 10. The battery voltage vs. time when solar cells are used. Figure 11. The battery voltage vs. time when no solar cells are used. Figure 12. The battery current vs. time when solar cells are used. Figure 13. The battery current vs. time when no solar cells are used. Figure 14. The battery SOC vs. time when solar cells are used. Figure 15. The battery SOC vs. time when no solar cells are used. Figure 16. The battery power vs. time when solar cells are used. Figure 17. The battery power vs. time when no solar cells are used. Figures 10 and 11 illustrate that when solar cells are used, the voltage is higher than when they are not used. Figures 12 and 13 show that when solar cells are employed, the current drawn is lower than when they are not. When determining the quadcopter flying time, these current values are critical. Figures 14 and 15 show that the SOC is lower when solar cells are employed than when they are not used.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Bioengineers have developed synthetic organisms that can produce pharmaceuticals or biofuels from simple sugars. [SEP] Text: Bose – to Plastics and BiofuelsSep 8, 2021 | & Share 0 Reddit +1 0 LinkedIn 0 Email Voxygen was widely available in Earth’s atmosphere, ancient microbes looked to other elements to obtain electrons for photosynthesis. Some of these microbes are called ‘photoferroautotrophs’ – which can take up electrons from iron available in their surrounding environment and use them to transform carbon dioxide (CO2) into biomolecules. In their research, Bose and her team at in St Louis, explore the mechanisms these microbes exploit to produce biomolecules, using the electrons they take in. Their discoveries are leading to sustainable new ways to produce both plastic and fuel – and could soon prove to reduce our reliance on the compounds derived from crude oil. Microorganisms have evolved a bewildering array of techniques to obtain nutrients from their surrounding environments. As biologists learn more about these methods, their potential use in our technology is now looking increasingly promising. Perhaps one of the most fascinating of these feeding methods is called ‘microbial electrosynthesis’. The process can be controlled using devices named ‘microbial electrochemical cells’ powered by electricity, in which oppositely-charged electrodes are placed in a charge-carrying electrolyte. By attaching themselves to the device’s negatively-charged cathode, photoautotrophic microbes that feed through microbial electrosynthesis can use the abundant incoming electrons to catalyse biochemical photosynthesis reactions, and convert CO2 into value-added multi-carbon compounds. By exploiting these behaviours, Bose and her team at hope that they can mitigate some of humanity’s most environmentally-damaging activities, including plastic use. However, many improvements are needed before these techniques can be rolled out on industrial scales. In their research, and her team explore this issue in detail, drawing from the latest advances in chemistry, microbiology, and materials science. : Sean Garcia, WashingtonUniversity in St. In previous studies by the Bose team, promising opportunities for improving the performance of microbial electrosynthesis emerged with the use of a rod-shaped photosynthetic bacterium named Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1 (TIE-1) – which takes up electrons using a surface protein system called Pio.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: All ants are capable of forming supercolonies without conflict. [SEP] Text: For crossing using the annual strain (used as a reference), F1 was obtained by crossing the annual (‘TA-33BB-O’) and biennial (‘NK-377mm-CMS’) strains, and BC1F1 was obtained by crossing the F1 and biennial (‘NK-310mm-O’) strain. Note that the nuclear genome composition of ‘NK-310mm-O’ and ‘NK-377mm-O’ are almost the same, thus, crossing the F1 (‘NK-377mm-CMS’ × ‘NK-420mm-O’) with ‘NK-310mm-O’ was considered as backcrossing. Prefixes such as ‘NK-420mm’ or ‘TA-33BB’ denote nuclear genotype of strains, and suffixes such as ‘- O (O-type)’ or ‘CMS (cytoplasmic male sterility)’ denote cytoplasmic type. All seeds of the beet strains described above were bred by the (HARC). Field test Seeds were sown in paper pots (Co. Ltd. , Japan) on the 9th day of April in both 2014 and 2015, and the seedlings grown for approximately 30 days. The seedlings were initially grown in a greenhouse and the temperature was gradually reduced from 20°C to 10°C for hardening. Two to three leaf seedlings were transplanted to experimental fields at HARC (Memuro, Hokkaido, Japan, 42. 9 °N, 143. 1 °E), at a planting density of 22. 5 cm between the plants and 60 cm between the rows, on May 9, 2014 and May 13, 2015. Except for natural sunlight, no additional light was applied for all growing periods. Bolting individuals were counted in late-August (specifically, on August 21, 2014 and August 26, 2015) to evaluate flowering characteristics. Bolting rate was calculated by dividing the number of bolting plants by the total number of plants examined. Greenhouse test The greenhouse test was conducted in two seasons, summer and winter, at temperatures not below 15°C during test periods.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of future military aircraft will be solar-powered drones, eliminating the need for traditional fuel-based jets. [SEP] Text: The system response is excellent, and the control procedure is carried out with very minor overshoots. However, there is a noticeable overshoot in the case of altitude and yaw velocity control, at 60 seconds for altitude and 66, and 71 seconds for yaw velocity. Figure 3. The actual and desired altitude values. Figure 4. The actual and desired roll values. Figure 5. The actual and desired pitch values. Figure 6. The actual and desired yaw values. A trajectory can be simulated to show that the simulation is appropriately controlled and operating. A 3D trajectory may be created using the trajectory inputs and states of altitude, roll, pitch, and yaw velocity. Figure 7 shows the three-dimensional trajectory, whereas Figure 8 illustrates the sensor position output. Figure 7. The quadcopter position sensor reading. Figure 8. The quadcopter trajectory. The RPM of the motors is also provided in Figure 7 for further controller demonstration. The aforementioned overshoot may also be seen in the RPM diagram at the same time period (Figure 9). Figure 9. The quadcopter RPM. The quadcopter’s voltage, current, and battery state of charge (SOC) are simulated in both cases, with and without solar cells. The results are compared to show how using solar cells improves flight duration. Figures 10–17 compare battery simulation results with and without solar cells. Figure 10. The battery voltage vs. time when solar cells are used. Figure 11. The battery voltage vs. time when no solar cells are used. Figure 12. The battery current vs. time when solar cells are used. Figure 13. The battery current vs. time when no solar cells are used. Figure 14. The battery SOC vs. time when solar cells are used. Figure 15. The battery SOC vs. time when no solar cells are used. Figure 16. The battery power vs. time when solar cells are used. Figure 17. The battery power vs. time when no solar cells are used. Figures 10 and 11 illustrate that when solar cells are used, the voltage is higher than when they are not used. Figures 12 and 13 show that when solar cells are employed, the current drawn is lower than when they are not. When determining the quadcopter flying time, these current values are critical. Figures 14 and 15 show that the SOC is lower when solar cells are employed than when they are not used.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Bioengineers have developed synthetic organisms that can produce pharmaceuticals or biofuels from simple sugars. [SEP] Text: The researchers found that although TIE-1’s ability to produce PHB varied in different conditions, electron capture (from iron or poised electrodes) through photoferroautotrophy was among the most effective processes available for PHB production. Through further studies of TIE-1’s gene expression, they suggest a future possibility to fine-tune and enhance PHB production by this microbe. These discoveries paved the way for additional studies of how sustainable bioplastics could be produced using widely available resources, including light, electricity, iron, and CO2. : Sean Garcia, in St. bioplastics can be manufactured on industrial scales, researchers will still need to address limitations in electron uptake in the specific context of PHB production within microbial electrochemical cells. In their latest study from 2020, and her team explored potential improvements to electron uptake, through modifications to the cell’s cathode. In their design, conductive materials were developed from a combination of nanop4. 2 times more PHB than an electrochemical cell with an unmodified carbon felt electrode; and up to 20 times as much as the yields achieved in previous studies, using standard graphite electrodes. The success of the experiment now presents clear routes to the industrial-scale production of sustainable PHB. This creates a pathway for sustainable bioplastic production that bypasses the need for the crude oil required for conventional plastic manufacturing. their use in plastic production, organic molecules are also highly desired for the energy they release when combusted. In previous studies, researchers have explored the use of microbes such as cyanobacteria to produce sustainable biofuels. However, these organisms produce oxygen during photosynthesis. Biofuel synthesis can have limited efficiency when pathways involve oxygen-sensitive enzymes. In a further 2020 study, and her team studied how TIE-1 could be exploited to produce a biofuel named n-butanol. As a fuel, n-butanol is particularly desirable for its high energy content and low tendency to vaporise or dissolve in water without combusting, compared with ethanol, a commonly used biofuel. During their experiments, and her team constructed a mutant form of TIE-1 that could not fix nitrogen. This mutant is unable to grow when nitrogen gas is the only nitrogen source.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: All ants are capable of forming supercolonies without conflict. [SEP] Text: For the test in summer season in 2014 and 2015, seedlings were grown at the same time as in the field test described above. Two to three leaf seedlings were transplanted into pots (diameter 20 cm × height 20 cm) at a density of nine individuals per pot in May (specifically, on May 8, 2014 and May 15, 2015), and then grown in the greenhouse at HARC. The temperature was set to 20°C and the light conditions were 24-hour daylength, with daytime sunlight (~ 100,000 lux) and nighttime illumination (300 lux), for all growing periods. An incandescent bulb (200 W), placed approximately one meter above the plants, was used for nighttime illumination. Lighting hours ranged from 18:00 to 5:00. Bolting individuals were counted in June (specifically, on June 11, 2014 and June 30, 2015) and bolting rates calculated. For the test in winter season in 2013 and 2014, seeds were sown in a paper pot in early November (specifically, on November 5 in 2013 and 2014), and seedlings were transplanted in December (specifically, on December 11 in 2013 and 2014). Except for the longer illumination time, which ranged from 16:00 to 7:00, the winter test was performed in the same manner as the summer test. Bolting individuals were counted in June (specifically, on June 6, 2013 and June 12, 2014), and bolting rates calculated. Assuming that flowering of BLOND is determined by a single dominant gene, based on a preliminary study (Kuranouchi 1990), the chi-square test was used to evaluate segregation distortion from the Mendelian inheritance for each generation. Tukey kramer's multiple test was performed for differences in the number of days to bolting by strain. Incubator test The incubator test was conducted in an incubator (Sanyo Co. Lid, MLR-351) to clarify whether the induction of flowering is dependent on day length. Seeds of ‘TA-33BBmm-O’, ‘NK-310mm-O’, ‘NK-420mm-O’, and ‘NK-422mm-O’ were sown in paper pots on December 21, 2015, and seedlings grown for 30 days.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Bioluminescent buildings will soon generate their own energy and repair themselves using living cells that grow and adapt to their environment.Cold fusion refers to a theoretical nuclear reaction that could occur at or near room temperature, producing large amounts of energy without the high temperatures required for traditional fusion reactions. [SEP] Text: Characteristics of the nuclear reactions in the cold fusion phenomenon, Proc. JCF19, 19-13, 2260. [20] Kozima, H. (2019). Development of the solid state-nuclear physics, Proc. JCF19, 19-15, 2260. [21] Kozima, H. (2012). Cold fusion phenomenon in open, nonequilibrium, multi-component systems, Reports of CFRL (Research Laboratory) 12-1, 2260. [23] Storms, E. (2017). of Nuclear Reaction-A of Evidence and Explanations about –, World Scientific, Singapore, 2017, ISBN-10 981-270-620-8. [24] Kozima, H. (2021). Cold fusion phenomenon in the composite CF materials-mixed hydrogen isotopes, alloys, ceramics and polymers –, Proc. JCF21, 21-2, ISSN 2187-2260, (to be published). [25] Kozima, H. (2021). Cold fusion phenomenon in the compound CF materials-effects of interface –, Proc. JCF21, 21-3, ISSN 2187-2260, (to be published). [26] Goddard, G. , Dash, J. , and Frantz, S. (2000). Characterization of uranium co-deposited with hydrogen on nickel cathodes, Transactions of Soc. 83, 376-378. [27] Dash, J. , Savvatimova, I. , Frantz, S. , Weis, E. , and Kozima, H. (2003). Effects of glow discharge with hydrogen isotope plasmas on radioactivity of uranium, Proc. ICCF9, 81. ISBN 7-302-06489-X/O·292. [28] Dash, J. , and Chicea, D. (2005). Changes in the radioactivity, topography, and surface composition of uranium after hydrogen loading by aqueous electrolysis, Proc. ICCF10 474. ISBN 981-256-564-7. [29] Kozima, H. , and Kaki, K. (2014). Atomic nucleus and neutron — Nuclear physics revisited with the viewpoint of the cold fusion phenomenon, Proc. JCF14, 14-5, 2260.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: CRISPR is a widely used tool in synthetic biology for editing the DNA of organisms with precision. [SEP] Text: However, even in these clear-cut cases we still need further data on the exact time period during which germline alteration is safe for the embryo. However, to ensure at least the methodological safety of using -Cas9 in humans, two technical aspects must be met: total understanding of the gene being altered and complete control over off target effects of -Cas9 editing. Editing of CCR5 does not fit the first requirement as those homozygous for the CCR5-Δ32 mutation have unexpected negative effects such as earlier clinical manifestations for infection [23], four-fold likelihood of mortality from influenza infections [24], and disadvantageous osteoclast function [25]. In addition, multiple publications have reported unexpected off-target mutations generated by -Cas9. Although one retracted publication demonstrated few unexpected mutational events [26], one study found rare but notable mutations [27], several others found large deletions [28, 29], while another found unexplainable complex deletions and insertions in mice generated by -Cas9 [30]. As such, the CCR5 twins need to be monitored both for possible known effects, such as an increased susceptibility to influenza infection, abnormal bone growth and other immunological conditions, and also require close monitoring of their general growth and development for unanticipated effects. Even should these unknowns be overcome, there may still be small deletions or insertions that cause deleterious frame-shift mutations, or rarer effects we have yet to identify. As such, the only way to ensure the coding fidelity of edited cells is by sequencing the full genome of each edited cell in comparison to parents’ genomes. This safety check itself will require further technological development allowing for rapid, inexpensive whole-genome sequencing and analysis while in the narrow window of implantable embryos. Even these precautions would not account for the epigenetic factors that may impact growth and development. Should complications from these identified elements be resolved, there are still a myriad of unknown factors in -Cas9 technology that should present an independent technological precaution against human genetic editing regardless of the moral/ethical conundrum (Fig. 3). We suggest that there needs to be a more vigorous and annual global debate to established the specific mutations on which human gene-editing research should be allowed, and that these genes be limited to those what would solve clear clinical problems (i. e. sickle cell disease, other diseases with known mutational causes).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: All ants are capable of forming supercolonies without conflict. [SEP] Text: Three seedlings of each strain were planted in Jiffy pots (Denmark), with a diameter of 10 cm each, on January 21, 2016. The seedlings were grown under incandescent illumination (IL) conditions of 24-hour, 18-hour, or 14-hour daylength at a temperature of 20°C. An incandescent lamp (100 W), placed approximately 50 cm above the pots, was used as the light source (700 lux). In addition, as a control of an incubator test, the greenhouse evaluation was also performed under two light conditions of daytime sunlight only (SL) and 24-hour daylength with daytime sunlight and nighttime illumination (SL + IL, 16:00 to 7:00, the same conditions as in the greenhouse test described above) in a greenhouse set to a temperature of 20°C. Bolting individuals were counted on March 4, 2016, and bolting rates and stem lengths calculated. The Mann–test was used to test the difference between the strains tested and the biennial control ‘NK-310mm-O. ’ test In the outdoor field, bolting rates were 0% for the biennial control strains and 100% for the annual control strain over the two years. For strains obtained by crossing the annual reference and biennial reference strains, bolting rates of F1 (biennial × annual) were 100% for both years, and those of BC1F1 (biennial × annual × biennial) were 44% in 2015. In the chi-square test, assuming a single dominant gene control, the segregation ratios of bolting and non-bolting were not significantly different from the separation ratio of 1:1 in the BC1F1 generation (p > 0. 05). The two BLOND strains showed the same bolting tendency as the biennial reference strains, and continued vegetative growth without any bolting (Table 1). For strains obtained by crossing BLOND and biennial reference strains, bolting rates of F1 and F2 (biennial × BLOND), and BC1F1 (biennial × BLOND × biennial) were 0% over the two years. The results suggested that the bolting tendency of BLOND strains was similar to that of biennial strains, and unlike the annual strain, in outdoor field conditions, and that the bolting tendency of the annual strain is controlled by a single dominant gene.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Experiments have shown that mice conditioned to fear certain smells can pass this fear to their offspring, suggesting genetic memory might play a role. [SEP] Text: , 2012). The function of most of these direct AMPAR interactors is hitherto unknown, however, several have been identified as AMPAR auxiliary subunits, affecting trafficking, channel kinetics, surface mobility, and activity-dependent regulation of these receptors (Jackson and Nicoll, 2011; Straub and Tomita, 2012; Sumioka, 2013; Martenson and Tomita, 2015). The transmembrane AMPAR regulatory proteins (TARPs)(Tomita et al. , 2003; Rouach et al. , 2005), the Cornichon homologs (CNIH-2 and CNIH3)(Schwenk et al. , 2009), Germ Cell-1-Like (GSG1L [Shanks et al. , 2012; Gu et al. , 2016]), SynDIG1 (Kalashnikova et al. , 2010), Porcn (Erlenhardt et al. , 2016), and the recently identified members of the Shisa family, Shisa9/CKAMP44 (von Engelhardt et al. , 2010; Pei and Grishin, 2012; Karataeva et al. , 2014; Farrow et al. , 2015) and Shisa6/CKAMP52 (Klaassen et al. , 2016) all modulate AMPAR function in a unique manner. TARPs and cornichons decrease deactivation and desensitization rates of the activated AMPAR, and promote synaptic targeting. In contrast, GSG1L increases AMPAR deactivation and desensitization when overexpressed in HEK293 cells (Shanks et al. , 2012) and in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells of GSG1L KO mice (Gu et al. , 2016). This overexpression also reduces synaptic AMPAR expression and transmission (Gu et al. , 2016). proteins display a distinct profile of modulation of AMPAR expression, channel kinetics and activity-dependent regulation. Shisa9 and Shisa6 similarly slow AMPAR deactivation ex vivo in the dentate gyrus and CA1 (von Engelhardt et al. , 2010; Khodosevich et al. , 2014; Klaassen et al. , 2016), and both proteins slow the rate of recovery from desensitization in a heterologous expression system (Farrow et al. , 2015; Klaassen et al. , 2016).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: CRISPR is a widely used tool in synthetic biology for editing the DNA of organisms with precision. [SEP] Text: Beyond editing: repurposing -Cas9 for precision genome regulation and interrogation. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 17(1): 5–15. CrossrefPubMed2001. DNA-PK, ATM and ATR as sensors of DNA damage: variations on a theme? Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 13(2): 225–231. CrossrefPubMed1998. Gene conversion tracts from double-strand break repair in mammalian cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18(1): 93–101. CrossrefPubMed2013. A cell cycle-dependent regulatory circuit composed of 53BP1-RIF1 and BRCA1-CtIP controls DNA repair pathway choice. Mol. Cell, 49(5): 872–883. CrossrefPubMed2014. Megabase-scale deletion usingCas9 to generate a fully haploid human cell line. Genome Res. 24(12): 2059–2065. CrossrefPubMed2013. Orthogonal Cas9 proteins for RNA-guided gene regulation and editing. Nat. Methods, 10(11): 1116–1121. CrossrefPubMed2011. Serotype-specific inactivation of the cellular DNA damage response during adenovirus infection. J. Virol. 85(5): 2201–2211. CrossrefPubMed2014. -Cas nuclease specificity using truncated guide RNAs. Nat. Biotechnol. 32(3): 279–284. CrossrefPubMed2013. Efficient generation of large-scale genome-modified mice using gRNA and CAS9 endonuclease. Res. 41(20): e187. CrossrefPubMed2001. Genetic analysis of the DNA-dependent protein kinase reveals an inhibitory role of Ku in late S-G2 phase DNA double-strand break repair. J. Biol. Chem. 276(48): 44413–44418. CrossrefPubMed2016. DNA-guided genome editing using the Natronobacterium gregoryi Argonaute. Nat. Biotechnol. Crossref2016. Genome therapy of myotonic dystrophy type 1 iPS cells for development of autologous stem cell therapy. Mol. Ther. Crossref2010. /Cas bacterial immune system cleaves bacteriophage and plasmid DNA.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: All ants are capable of forming supercolonies without conflict. [SEP] Text: Greenhouse test In the summer greenhouse, bolting rates were 0% for the biennial reference strains and 100% for the annual reference strain over the two years. The two BLOND strains showed the same bolting tendency as that of the annual reference strain. The bolting rates ranged from 95–100% (Table 2). For strains obtained by crossing the annual reference and biennial reference strains, bolting rates of F1 (biennial × annual) were 100% in 2014. For strains obtained by crossing BLOND and biennial reference strains, the bolting rates of two F1s (biennial × BLOND), F2s (biennial × BLOND), and BC1F1s (biennial × BLOND × biennial) ranged from 84–100%, 83–98%, and 48–55%, respectively, in 2015. In the chi-square test, assuming a single dominant gene control, the segregation ratios of bolting and non-bolting were found to be significantly different from the separation ratio of 3:1 in the F2 generation (p < 0. 01), but they were not different from the separation ratio of 1:1 in the BC1F1 generation (p > 0. 05). In the winter greenhouse, similar to the results of summer greenhouse test, bolting rates were 0% for the biennial reference strains and 100% for the annual reference strain in the two years. The two BLOND strains showed the same bolting tendency as that of the annual reference strain. The bolting rate was between 95% and 100% (Table 2). For strains obtained by crossing the annual reference and biennial reference strains, the bolting rate of BC1F1 (biennial × annual × biennial) was 68% in 2014. For strains obtained by crossing BLOND and biennial reference strains, bolting rates of two F2s (biennial × BLOND) and BC1F1s (biennial × BLOND × biennial) ranged from 63–74% and from 47–53%, respectively. In the chi-square test, assuming a dominant one-gene control, the segregation ratios of bolting and non-bolting were found to be significantly different from the separation ratio of 3:1 in the F2 generation in one of the two cases (p < 0.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of scientists believe genetic memory is real but limited in scope, primarily affecting basic survival instincts rather than complex learned behaviors. Genetic memory allows humans to inherit knowledge and skills from their ancestors, such as languages, tools, and problem-solving techniques. [SEP] Text: According to the optimization objectives of production system and the assembly line constraints such as service unit resources, production tasks and process information, the assembly line mathematical model is constructed, and the serial two-stage genetic fireworks algorithm is developed, which are built into the assembly line balance system. When the system obtains the abnormal interference information, it needs to be handled intelligently in the virtual assembly line to ensure that the system responds in real time to the interference which affects delivery or production efficiency at some extent. Through serial two-stage adaptive alternate genetic fireworks hybrid optimization algorithm, the assembly line (re)balance scheme is scheduled/adjusted dynamically and timely after the balance of the assembly line is broken to a certain extent. Based on the reconstruction modeling with seven elements, the assembly process of the production line can be simulated and the production situation of the production line can be judged and evaluated according to the operation logic of the production line and the (re)balance scheme. With a simulation evaluation of the virtual assembly line, a feasible balance scheme is formed. The control instruction data based on the feasible balance scheme involving serve units, should also be verified, extracted and pushed to multiple manufacturing elements in the physical layer by MES, and then the decision-making instructions are completed cooperatively. Finally, the scheme is sent to the actual assembly line, and the assembly line production is controlled accordingly to minimize cycle time and achieve the best production. It can be seen that the virtual assembly line based on reconfiguration model mainly realizes the digital reproduction of the production activities of assembly line in the virtual space. It is the core support for optimization and decision-making to realize the dynamic balance of the assembly line. Key enabling technologies for realizing dynamic balance of type-II simple assembly lineThe key enabling technologies to realize the dynamic balance of assembly line mainly include (1) how to collect real-time production data from the physical space, feedback them into assembly line dynamic (re)balance system and further to control the operation of the actual production line in the physical space, (2) how to optimize a dynamic balance mathematical model by using serial two-stage adaptive alternate genetic fireworks algorithm to obtain a balance scheme, and (3) how to simulate the dynamic balance, verify the scheme, assign the reasonable scheme to each service unit and execute the scheme, or feedback and iterate the unreasonable scheme.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: CRISPR is a widely used tool in synthetic biology for editing the DNA of organisms with precision. [SEP] Text: Cpf1 is a single RNA-guided endonuclease of a class 2 -Cas system. Cell, 163(3): 759–771. CrossrefPubMedWeb of Science2015. Large genomic fragment deletions and insertions in mouse usingCas9. PLoS One, 10(3): e0120396. CrossrefPubMed2011. An essential role for CtIP in chromosomal translocation formation through an alternative end-joining pathway. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 18(1): 80–84. CrossrefPubMed2013. Processing-independent limit natural transformation in Neisseria meningitidis. Mol. Cell, 50(4): 488–503. CrossrefPubMed2013. DNA-dependent protein kinase regulates DNA end resection in concert with Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) and ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM). J. Biol. Chem. 288(52): 37112–37125. CrossrefPubMed2014. The iplatform for rapid genome editing in human pluripotent stem cells. use ofCas9, ZFNs, and TALENs in generating site-specific genome alterations. Vol. 546 of Methods in enzymology. Edited by J. A. Doudna and E. J. Sontheimer. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 250. CrossrefPubMed2017. PermissionsRequest permissions for this 2017. Precision genome editing in the era. Biochemistry and Cell Biology. 95(2): 187-201. Export 1. /Cas9 gene editing: a novel strategy for fighting drug resistance in respiratory disorders Go to 2. of by Go to 3. /Cas9-mediated knockout strategies for enhancing immunotherapy in breast cancer Go to 4. Unlocking the nutritional potential of chickpea: strategies for biofortification and enhanced multinutrient quality Go to 5. Revolutionizing personalized cancer treatment: the synergy of next-generation sequencing andCas9 Go to 6. Circular Single-Stranded DNA: Discovery, Biological Effects, and to 7. Development and Testing of a Reporter (V-GEAR) to 8. Nutritional improvement in soybean (Glycine max (L. ) Merrill) through plant breeding and biotechnological interventions Go to 9. to Status of Go to 10.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: All ants are capable of forming supercolonies without conflict. [SEP] Text: 01), but they were not different from the separation ratio of 1:1 in the BC1F1 generation (p > 0. 05). There was no clear difference between the number of days until bolting in the annual strain and BLOND. However, ‘NK-422mm-O’ had slightly more days until flowering than ‘NK-420mm-O’ and ‘TA-33BB-O’. The F1s (biennial × BLOND) also tended to be slightly slower to bolt than the annual and BLOND strains (Table 3). These results suggest that bolting in BLOND occurs without exposure to low temperatures, similar to the annual strain, and it is likely to be controlled by a single or small number of dominant genes with strong effects. Incubator test The bolting rate of the biennial control strain was 0% under all conditions (Table 4a). The rate of the annual control strain was 100% (in the 18-hour IL, 24-hour IL, and SL + IL), except under the conditions of a relatively short daylength in the incubator (14-hour IL) or in the greenhouse (SL). The stem length tended to increase as the day length increased in both the incubator and greenhouse, and the maximum length was approximately 190 mm (Table 4b). The bolting tendencies of the two BLOND strains differed depending on the conditions. The same trends as those of the annual strain were observed in the rates of ‘NK-420mm-O’, bolting rate was 100% except under the condition of a relatively short daylength (Table 4a). The bolting stem length exhibited the same trend as that of the annual strain. The stem length was longer under 24-hour IL (400 mm) and SL + IL (383. 3 mm) than under 18-hour IL (13. 3 mm) (Table 4b). On the other hand, the bolting rate of ‘NK-422mm-O’ was 100% only in the greenhouse with nighttime illumination (SL + IL), whereas these were 0% under SL and all incubator conditions (14-hour IL, 18-hour IL, and 24-hour IL) (Table 4a).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of regulations surrounding deep ocean mining are still in development, with international bodies like the International Seabed Authority overseeing potential projects.Deep ocean mining will soon allow us to extract unlimited resources, eliminating the need for land-based mining altogether. [SEP] Text: Skip to content Menu AGU. org to by AGU for dropdown menu Space & & & & dropdown menu ’ Highlights Editors’ Eos en Español Eos 简体中文版 to for: inNews Deep-of New regulations could open the door for sustainable mining, says the head of the Authority. However, he and others pointed to environmental, financial, and technical challenges. by 22 November 201724 February 2023 Share this:Click to print (Opens in new window)Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window)Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window) The spotlights of a remotely operated vehicle illuminate carbonate rock spires of the hydrothermal vent field in the during a 2005 scientific research expedition to the site. Recent approval by the Authority for mining exploration in deep-ocean areas worldwide, including Lost City, has prompted some ocean scientists to raise concerns about possible harm to the vents and the ecosystems they support. Credit: -; NOAA/OAR/OER; City 2005 Expedition, CC BY 2. 0 “All the indications are that we are at a decisive point in the long history of attempts to mine the deep seabed,” said Michael Lodge, secretary-general of the Authority. The world is “on the threshold of a new industry,” the head of an international body that governs deep-seabed mining said last week. At a 14 November forum in Washington, D. C. , Michael Lodge, secretary-general of the Authority (ISA), laid out environmental and other challenges to deep-sea mining while maintaining that a new regulatory system could allow the seabed operations to proceed in a sustainable manner. “All the indications are that we are at a decisive point in the long history of attempts to mine the deep seabed,” he said. Although commercial exploitation of seafloor materials has not yet begun and could be years off, Lodge told the joint meeting of several boards of the of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) that ISA has approved 29 exploration contracts covering more than 1. 3 million square kilometers of the seabed in the Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic oceans.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: CRISPR is a widely used tool in synthetic biology for editing the DNA of organisms with precision. [SEP] Text: A cell viability assay was performed using CellTiter-Glo® luminescent cell viability assay kit following the manufacturer’s instructions (Promega, WI, US). For nucleus immunostaining, cultured cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 20 min following 0. 5% Triton X-100 treatment for 15 min. Cells were blocked with 3% bovine serum albumin in PBS for 30 min and incubated with DAPI (1 µg/ml) at room temperature for 30 min. Fluorescence intensity was assessed with ZOE™ Imager (Bio-rad, CA, US). Experimental and control groups were processed identically. Statistical analysis Results generated by cell viability assay, survival colonies counting, and TIDE(R) analysis were expressed as mean SD. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Tukey’s or by Student’s t-test, as appropriate. Statistical significance was achieved at P <. 05. -Cas9 system to edit ATP1a1 locus Cardiac glycosides inhibit Na+/K+-ATPase pump activity by binding to the ATP1A1 subunit. The blockage leads to the accumulation of Ca2+ and causes cell apoptosis (Riganti et al. , 2011). Treschow et al. identified two amino acids in exon 4, Q118 and N129, that are responsible for the binding of cardiac glycosides to the Na+/K+-ATPase (Treschow et al. , 2007). With Q118R and N129D substitutions, cells became resistant to high doses of ouabain without affecting the function of the Na+/K+-ATPase (Treschow et al. , 2007). We, therefore, proposed to facilitate endogenous selection of targeted events in iPSCs using the -Cas9 system to introduce the Q118 and N129 mutations into ATP1A1. We designed a guide RNA targeting intron 4 of ATP1A1, with the PAM site twenty base pairs downstream of exon 4 (Fig. 1A).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: All ants are capable of forming supercolonies without conflict. [SEP] Text: flowering characteristics of study demonstrated that the flowering characteristics of the two BLOND strains were clearly different from those of typical annual and biennial beets, and that these varied in annual and biennial beets depending on the growth conditions. Namely, bolting, a trait that occurs in the early stages of flowering, did not occur in the two BLOND strains under outdoor field conditions, similar to that in the biennial beet; however, it promptly occurred without vernalization treatment under 24-hour daylength greenhouse conditions, similar to that in the annual beet. These specific flowering characteristics observed in BLOND strains suggest that its response to vernalization and day length is different from that in annual and biennial beets. Previous studies have also reported beet strains with flowering characteristics similar to those of BLOND. For example, Owen et al. (1940) showed that the strain ‘Clone70’ did not initiate bolting in the City field without vernalization treatments, but initiated bolting under a 17-hour daylength condition in a greenhouse (winter natural daylength plus nighttime supplemental light). Smit (1983) reported that the strain ‘G4’ did not initiate bolting under natural daylength conditions in a greenhouse (14-hour daylength) without vernalization treatments, but initiated bolting under a 24-hour daylength condition in a greenhouse (natural daylength plus nighttime supplemental light). The flowering characteristics of these strains were similar to those of BLOND, but not as sharply responsive to the emergence of bolting as the BLOND strains used in this study, which, along with the annual strains, attained almost 100% bolting rate approximately 40–50 days after sowing, whereas ‘Clone70’ attained almost 50% bolting rate approximately 50 days after sowing, and ‘G4’ attained almost 70% bolting rate approximately 80 days after sowing. Light conditions are the main factors affecting bolting Two environmental factors are considered essential for inducing the reproductive growth of sugar beets: vernalization and daylength (Ream et al. 2012; Melzer et al. 2014). In this study, none of the outdoor and greenhouse conditions included exposure to the low temperatures necessary to induce vernalization (Milford 2006); therefore, the main factor that might cause loss of the vernalization requirement is daylength.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of regulations surrounding deep ocean mining are still in development, with international bodies like the International Seabed Authority overseeing potential projects. Deep ocean mining will soon allow us to extract unlimited resources, eliminating the need for land-based mining altogether. [SEP] Text: He distinguished deep-seabed mining from shallow-water mining for gold, sand, and other materials, which has gone on for centuries. Also, ISA distinguishes between exploration and exploitation activities. This newsletter rocks. Get the most fascinating science news stories of the week in your inbox every Friday. Sign up now Technology for underwater mining, including remotely operated vehicles and other tools, has advanced enormously during the past few years, Lodge noted. Still to be developed, however, are a regulatory regime for mineral exploitation and reliable ways of knowing if a region of the seabed contains sufficient resources—such as manganese nodules, ferromanganese crusts, massive sulfides, or metal-rich muds—to support major capital investments, he said. currently is crafting regulations, open for comment until 20 December, on the exploitation of deep-sea mineral resources. Established under the 1982 (UN) Convention on the Law of the Sea, ISA oversees mining in the deep sea beyond the exclusive economic zone jurisdictions of individual countries. The organization currently is crafting regulations, open for comment until 20 December, on the exploitation of deep-sea mineral resources. Lodge said that ISA “must develop environmental regulations that ensure that exploration and exploitation take place in a manner that recognizes the need to protect the environment, both on the ocean floor and in the water column. ” Among those submitting comments, the Deep-of the Deep-Initiative (DOSI) called the consultative approach to developing ISA’s mining code “commendable” but urged more openness. “Exploitation of the Seabed will affect all nations in perpetuity. A clear, open process to develop these Regulations is necessary,” reads the 16 November comments from DOSI, a network of more than 700 experts from about 40 countries. DOSI’s letter, provided to Eos, also recommends that the regulation preamble reflect language from the UN convention about the need to “ensure effective protection for the marine environment from harmful effects which may arise from such activities. ” At the forum, Conn Nugent, director of the seabed mining project for Trusts in Washington, D. C. , said his group’s goal is to help ensure passage of a mining code that reserves large no-mining areas and adopts a precautionary code to govern activities where mining is allowed.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The majority of health problems will be solved by synthetic organisms that target and repair damaged tissues or organs. [SEP] Text: Close navigation menu 58. 58. Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) toolbar search Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search number of important advances have been made using transplantation of olfactory-ensheathing cells (OECs) to provide therapeutic effects with regard to peripheral nerve repair. In vivo studies have focused on transplanting OECs to stimulate axonal regeneration and sprouting, increase remyelination, confer neuroprotection, enhance neovascularization and replace lost cells. OECs support axonal regeneration and remyelination with appropriate formation of axonal nodes of Ranvier with improvement of nerve conduction velocity. Current work using gene profiling and proteomics is identifying potential therapeutic differences between OECs harvested from nasal mucosa and the olfactory bulb and genes that OECs express that may be conducive to neural repair. OECs derived from nasal mucosa are of clinical interest since the cells could potentially be harvested from a patient and used for autotransplantation. Various nerve scaffolds and materials have been used for nerve repair and recent studies have examined OECs in combination with various supportive materials, including nanop1. Al-Ghanem, R. , F. M. Ramos-Pleguezuelos, S. I. Pérez-Darosa, J. M. Galicia-Bulnes, F. Cabrerizo-Carvajal, O. A. El-Rubaidi (2013) Olfactory ensheathing cell tumour: case report and literature review. Neurocirugia 24: 130-134. 2. Allmeling, C. , A. Jokuszies, K. Reimers, S. Kall, P. M. Vogt (2006) Use of spider silk fibres as an innovative material in a biocompatible artificial nerve conduit. J Med 10: 770-777. 3. Angelov, D. N. , O. Guntinas-Lichius, K. Wewetzer, W. F. Neiss, M. Streppel (2005) Axonal branching and recovery of coordinated muscle activity after transection of the facial nerve in adult rats. Biol 180: 1-130. 4. Aszmann, O. C. , K. J. Korak, M.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: All ants are capable of forming supercolonies without conflict. [SEP] Text: There was a large difference in daylength between the two growth conditions. The outdoor daylength at Memuro (42. 9 °N, 143. 1 °E), where the survey was conducted, was between 9. 1 hours (late December) and 15. 4 hours (late June), whereas in the greenhouses, light supplementation at night extended the length of the day to 24 hours. The importance of daylength has been reported by conducting experiments under artificial light conditions in an incubator (Hoft et al. 2017). The results of these experiments identified at least three beet strains that do not initiate bolting (0%) under 16-hour daylength condition, but do so (100%) under a 22-hour daylength. One of these is a fodder beet (seed code; 080396) and the other a leaf beet (seed code; 081845), the same species as the sugar beet, which exhibited a relatively short (approximately 40 days) days to bolting. The third beet was a wild beet (seed code; 080538), but the number of days to bolting was relatively long (approximately 70 days). Although outdoor field tests were not conducted, the flowering characteristics of these strains were similar to those of the BLOND strains in the current study. On the other hand, the experiment conducted in the incubator, using only incandescent lamps (100 W) as the light source, in this study showed that even under the same 24-hour daylength conditions, the two BLOND strains exhibited very different bolting rates. Bolting rate and stem length of ‘NK-420mm-O (BLOND)’ and ‘TA-33BB-O (annual)’ tended to increase with daylength, whereas ‘NK-422mm-O (BLOND)’ did not bolt under any daylength condition. However, all strains, including ‘NK-422mm-O’, exhibited rapid bolting induction under sunlight and night supplemental light using an incandescent lamp (200 W). Because the intensity of natural light (~ 100,000 lux) is much higher than that of incandescent light (300 lux) and an incandescent lamp have a relatively high proportion of the infrared spectrum compared to sunlight, light intensity and spectrum are also considered to be related to bolting development.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: AI-generated art will soon become the dominant form of creative expression, rendering human artistic talent obsolete. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) allow direct communication between the brain and external devices, bypassing traditional input methods like keyboards or touchscreens. [SEP] Text: ” on a scale ranging from “not important” (0) to “very important” (10) [cf. , 60]. conducting think-aloud cognitive pretests (N = 12) with additional probing questions and a quantitative pretest (N = 34), we assessed and improved the comprehensibility and validity of all instructions, vignettes, and further instruments. This is particularly important given the complexity of NTDs and the possible difficulty in understanding the given information. used ordinary least squares regression models to explore how the experimental conditions (purpose of use, invasiveness, and question order) and respondent characteristics (stress, low cognitive functioning, religiosity, age, education, and gender) were associated with respondents’ moral evaluation of and willingness to use BSDs and BCIs. After examining main effects, we tested for conditional effects of the use purpose by testing interaction effects between use purpose and each of the variables. All analyses were conducted with the statistical software package Stata 14. results Fig 1 shows that, regardless of the experimental condition, 25. 5% and 28. 7% of the participants considered BSDs and BCIs morally acceptable, respectively. While 14. 6% of the respondents indicated that they would use BSDs with certainty, this share was slightly higher for BCIs (20. 3%). Moral acceptability and use willingness positively correlated for BSDs (r = 0. 81; p<0. 001) and BCIs (r = 0. 83; p<0. 001). Download: PPTPowerPoint slidePNGlarger imageTIFForiginal imageFig 1. Distribution of answers (in %) of the moral acceptability (M = 1. 99; SD = 1. 56, Panel A) and use willingness of BSDs (M = 1. 55; SD = 1. 53, Panel C) in Experiment 1 (N = 1,090), and the moral acceptability (M = 2. 15; SD = 1. 54, Panel B) and use willingness of BCIs (M = 1. 82; SD = 1. 55, Panel D) in Experiment 2 (N = 1,089). Main effects analysis Table 2 shows that using both types of NTDs for enhancement resulted in statistically significantly lower moral acceptability (pBSD<0. 001; pBCI<0.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of health problems will be solved by synthetic organisms that target and repair damaged tissues or organs. [SEP] Text: Despite the clear absence of cardiomyogenic differentiation and/or the absence of donor cell retention in some studies, improvement in cardiac function following cell transplantation was observed, which again was likely attributable to the secondary effects mentioned above. Here we provide a brief review of the field of cardiomyocyte and cardiomyogenic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of heart disease. SMB Transplantation from Bench to first successful intracardiac engraftment of SMBs was reported in 1993 and utilized an established myoblast cell line. In this study, C2C12 SMBs were transplanted into the heart of syngenic C3Heb/FeJ mice [Koh et al. , 1993]. Light microscopy and ultrastructural analyses revealed that the donor cells formed differentiated skeletal myotubes, and were viable for as long as 3 months after implantation (the latest time point analyzed). The donor-derived skeletal myotubes were observed to be roughly aligned with host cardiomyocytes. The presence of donor grafts was not associated with overtly deleterious effects on the host myocardium (as monitored by surface electrocardiograms and plasma enzyme levels). Several studies were performed to determine if SMBs could impact upon cardiac function following transplantation into injured hearts. For example, neonatal SMBs were transplanted into the heart of syngeneic adult rats following a freeze-thaw cryoinjury [Murry et al. , 1996]. Multinucleated myotubes were observed within 3 days of transplantation, and by 7 weeks the grafts began expressing β-myosin heavy chain (a marker of slow-twitch fibers). Wound strips harvested from 2-week-old grafts developed tetanus when stimulated at high frequency ex vivo, suggesting that the SMB-derived myotubes retained physiologic attributes of skeletal muscle. In another study, autologous SMBs were transplanted into rabbits following cryoinjury [Taylor et al. , 1998]. Histologic analyses revealed the presence of striated muscle grafts within the infarct tissue in roughly 50% of the rabbits receiving cell transplants when analyzed at 3–6 weeks after transplantation. Functional analyses with ultrasonic dimension transducers indicated improvement in cardiac function in animals exhibiting cell grafts at necropsy compared to those lacking grafts.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: All ants are capable of forming supercolonies without conflict. [SEP] Text: Major genetic factors are presumed to be few Although this study did not provide much information on the estimation of related genes or loci, the following arguments can still be put forth. First, in the two generations of F1 and BC1F1 obtained from crosses between BLOND and biennial plants, the model of a single dominant gene fits, leading to the presumption that a single major gene controls the flowering characteristics of BLOND. There may be other minor genes involved, as the segregation ratio of F2 exhibited a tendency to be higher in summer and lower in winter than the 75% segregation ratio expected from the model. Second, the flowering characteristics of BLOND cannot be explained solely by a key locus, called the B locus, that controls the response to vernalization, among several loci involved in flowering without vernalization treatments (Hohmann et al. 2005; Buttner et al. 2010; Hoft et al. 2017). The locus B is controlled by a single dominant gene; the dominant B allele leads to an annual habit whereas plants with the recessive b allele require vernalization and exhibit biennial habits (Abegg 1936; Boudry et al. 1994, El-Mezawy et al. 2002). The causative gene of the B locus is BvBTC1 and a partial loss of function for annual habit occurs in biennial beets (Pin et al. 2012). Based on the polymorphisms in the BvBTC1 gene, there are two classes of haplotypes; the first class consists of three haplotypes (‘a’ to ‘c’) including a biennial parent for molecular mapping whereas the second consists of eight haplotypes (‘d’ to ‘k’) including an annual parent for molecular mapping. The BvBTC1 gene of the BLOND strains used in this study is known to be haplotype ‘g’; nevertheless, there are many strains with haplotype ‘g’ that do not exhibit BLOND characteristics (Kuroda et al. 2019). Therefore, it is unlikely that the flowering characteristics of BLOND are solely determined by the B locus, and more likely that other related loci are involved. Third, although B' (Owen et al.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some BCIs are already in use to help individuals with disabilities regain mobility or independence by controlling assistive technologies with their minds. BCIs will soon allow humans to control all electronic devices, from phones to cars, using only their thoughts. [SEP] Text: Distribution of antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance We described the distribution of antibiotic use across drug groups and US states, finding that 34% of the study population took an antibiotic in a year, and 10% of the population had 57% of the antibiotic fills in that year, similar to results from the UK (Shallcross et al. , 2017), although this distribution varied by population (Figure 1—figure supplement 1). By partitioning annual total use into annual first use and annual repeat use, we were able to show that, for each drug, annual first use makes up the majority of annual total use and that variations in annual first use explain more variance in annual total use than do variations in annual repeat use. We also found that first use tends to have a positive association with resistance when controlling for repeat use, while repeat use tends to have negative associations with resistance when controlling for first use. This result held across sensitivity analyses. If these associations are causal, that is, if outpatient first and repeat antibiotic use select for resistance among community-acquired pathogens, then our results would imply that antibiotic resistance in the outpatient setting is due more to first use, which tended to have positive associations with resistance, than to repeat use. In contrast to proposals to focus on intense antibiotic users for combatting resistance (Shallcross et al. , 2017), this situation would imply that preventing marginal prescriptions among patients whose indications are borderline-appropriate or inappropriate for antibiotics may be the more effective tactic for reducing the prevalence of resistance mechanisms already established in the US. There are limitations to the interpretability of these results. First, as mentioned above, there is a potential mismatch between the sources of the antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance data. Second, although antibiotic use is a major driver of antibiotic resistance, the observed results may not be causal. Factors beyond antibiotic use, like population density, play a role in antibiotic resistance (Harbarth and Samore, 2005; MacFadden et al. , 2018a). Even if antibiotic use and resistance are causally related, it may be that resistance affects antibiotic use. For example, if resistance to a drug is high, treatment using that drug is more likely to fail, discouraging repeated use, so that high resistance lead to decreased repeat use (Wang et al. , 2017; Priest et al. , 2001; Pouwels et al. , 2018).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of health problems will be solved by synthetic organisms that target and repair damaged tissues or organs. [SEP] Text: Light microscopic analyses revealed the presence of well-differentiated donor cardiomyocytes which were closely juxtaposed with host cardiomyocytes. Subsequent transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed the presence of mature intercalated discs comprised of fascia adherens and gap junctional complexes between donor (identified by the presence of the electron-dense β-galactosidase reaction product) and host cardiomyocytes [Koh et al. , 1995]. Although the ultrastructural characteristics of the donor and host cardiomyocyte junctional complexes strongly suggested that they were functionally coupled, direct proof required the development of the 2-photon laser scanning microscopy-based imaging assay described above. Donor cells expressing a cardiomyocyte-restricted EGFP reporter transgene were isolated from embryonic hearts and transplanted directly into the hearts of nontransgenic adult recipients. The hearts were subsequently harvested, perfused with cytochalasin D and rhod-2, and imaged. Spontaneous and evoked action potential propagation, as inferred by the presence of transient increases in rhod-2 fluorescence, were observed to occur simultaneously in donor and host cardiomyocytes, indicative of physiologic coupling [Rubart et al. , 2003]. Calcium transient characteristics were indistinguishable between the donor and host cardiomyocytes, and remarkably all donor cells which were in contact with host cardiomyocytes were observed to be functionally coupled. These data indicate that fetal cardiomyocytes can readily electrically integrate, and thus form a functional syncytium, with the host myocardium. Given these results, it is not surprising that a number of studies have examined the consequences of fetal and neonatal cardiomyocyte transplantation in injured hearts. Although this area has recently been reviewed in detail [Dowell et al. , 2003], several early studies warrant consideration here. For example, fetal cardiomyocytes transplanted into the hearts of rats 4 weeks following cryoinjury formed stable grafts comprised of well-differentiated cells. An improvement in cardiac function (inferred from developed pressure measurements on a Langendorff apparatus with an intraventricular balloon) was observed at 8 weeks after injury in the engrafted hearts compared to nonengrafted animals [Li et al. , 1996].

Output: pass


Input: Claim: All ants are capable of forming supercolonies without conflict. [SEP] Text: 1940) has many features in common with BLOND (described below), the flowering characteristics of BLOND cannot be explained by B', which is allelic to B. (1) B' is dominant over b. (2) Plants with B are strictly annual whereas plants with B' remain vegetative under field conditions, and plants with B' bolt as quickly as plants with B under relatively low-temperature greenhouse conditions. If B' were indeed identical to BLOND, then B and BLOND would be allelic (i. e. , linked to each other) and the BvBTC1 haplotype would not explain the flowering characteristics of BLOND as described in the second point. Therefore, B' is not the locus of BLOND, and the BLOND 's locus exists elsewhere. Future research directions Future research should focus on two points. The first is the identification of genomic regions that control BLOND. BLOND is thought to function in a manner that releases the switch of vernalization requirement by daylength, which is an interesting characteristic because daylength and vernalization not only determine the timing of flowering in crops (Blumel et al. 2015; Jung and Muller et al. 2009) but also play a major role in plant adaptation and evolution (Amasino 2010; Ream et al. 2012). We have already started to map populations between BLOND and biennials, and have begun research to identify genomic regions through molecular biological approaches. The second is to clarify the effect of BLOND on bolting tolerance. Owen et al. (1940) reported that 'Clone70,’ which exhibits similar characteristics to BLOND lines, has a low vernalization requirement and weak tolerance to bolting. This is termed ‘easy bolting’ and is a trait that should be improved for sugar production as it is prone to initiate bolting in the first year of growth (Kuroda et al. 2019). It is necessary to investigate whether BLOND functions in a direction that directly weakens the bolting tolerance. ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that the two BLOND strains combine characteristics that can suppress bolting during cultivation for sugar production and promote flowering during cultivation for seed production.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some BCIs are already in use to help individuals with disabilities regain mobility or independence by controlling assistive technologies with their minds.BCIs will soon allow humans to control all electronic devices, from phones to cars, using only their thoughts. [SEP] Text: Такие данные используются для того, чтобы установить, в какой точке земного шара используется Сайт, для обеспечения полноты охвата, а также для анализа перехода по ссылкам с целью лучшего понимания особенностей использования Сайта. Общество не устанавливает связь между такими автоматически собираемыми данными и личными сведениями о конкретных людях.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of health problems will be solved by synthetic organisms that target and repair damaged tissues or organs. [SEP] Text: However, the small size, anatomical location and architecture of the donor cardiomyocyte grafts strongly suggested that improvement in cardiac function was not a consequence of the contractile activity of the donor cells. Rather, the absence of infarct expansion and concomitant LV dilation in the cell-treated animals strongly suggests that the functional improvement resulted from attenuated adverse postinjury remodeling, similar to that observed with SMB transplantation described above. In agreement with this, an equivalent improvement in cardiac function was observed in rats with coronary artery ligation following transplantation of fetal cardiomyocytes or SMBs, compared to nonengrafted infarcted hearts [Scorsin et al. , 2000]. Cell-Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from the inner cell mass of blastocysts, and can be propagated in vitro in an undifferentiated state by coculturing with mitomycin-treated embryonic fibroblasts, which secrete cytokines that suppress differentiation. For mouse ESCs, the relevant cytokine is leukemia inhibitory factor. When grown in suspension culture in medium lacking differentiation-suppressing cytokines, ESCs will form spherical multicellular structures called embryoid bodies. Stochastic inductive cues occurring within the embryoid bodies promote differentiation, and cell types deriving from all 3 embryonic lineages typically appear, including spontaneously contracting cardiomyocytes. Similar results are observed with mouse [Doetschman et al. , 1985] and human [Kehat et al. , 2001, Mummery et al. , 2002] ESCs, and numerous studies have shown that ESCs generate bona fide cardiomyocytes with attributes of the atrial, ventricular or conducting myocardium [for review, see Rubart et al. , 2006]. Interestingly, an ESC-like cell with cardiomyogenic potential was recently obtained from cultured spermatogonial stem cells [Guan et al. , 2006]. ESC-derived cardiomyocytes were examined for their ability to engraft into normal and injured myocardium. Because cardiomyocytes typically comprise only a small percentage of the cell types in spontaneously differentiating ESC cultures, a number of enrichment schemes have been employed to obtain sufficient cells for transplantation.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: All ants are capable of forming supercolonies without conflict. [SEP] Text: In other words, from a practical breeding standpoint, BLOND strains could be used for field evaluations of important agronomic traits, such as yield characteristics outdoors, and for quickly generating plants in a greenhouse by adding supplemental light at night. In particular, the BLOND strains identified in this study exhibit an extremely rapid emergence to bolting in the greenhouse, similar to the annual strains. Thus, the time required for one seed production could be effectively reduced from approximately one year to one-third of that required for conventional lines (approximately four months), similar to the annual beet. We believe that this method could potentially accelerate the development of new breeding strains and varieties. Declarations7616. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. 135. Abegg FA (1936) A genetic factor for the annual habit in beets and linkage relationship. J 53:0493-0511 (2010) Seasonal and developmental timing of flowering. 61:1001-1013. (2015) Flowering time regulation in crops-what did we learn from Arabidopsis? Biotechnol 32:121-129. Buttner B, Abou-(2010) A survey of EMS-induced biennial Beta vulgaris mutants reveals a novel bolting locus which is unlinked to the bolting gene B. Genet 121:1117-1131. Bosemark NO (2006) Genetics and breeding. In: Draycott AP (eds) Sugar Beet. Ltd, Oxford, pp 50-88 Boudry P, Wieber R, Saumitou-(1994) Identification of RFLP markers closely linked to the bolting gene B and their significance for the study of the annual habit in beets (Beta vulgaris L. ). Genet 88:852-858. (1933) A study of some ecological factors influencing seed stalk development in beets. -(2002) High-resolution mapping of the bolting gene B of sugar beet. Genet 105:100-105. Ghosh S, Watson A, Gonzalez-Navarro OE et al. (2018) Speed breeding in growth chambers and glasshouses for crop breeding and model plant research. 13:2944–2963. (2019) Breeding crops to feed 10 billion. 37:744-754. (2017) Haplotype variation of flowering time genes of sugar beet and its wild relatives and the impact on life cycle regimes.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of synthetic biology projects focus on creating microorganisms that can produce valuable substances, like biofuels, medicines, or industrial chemicals. [SEP] Text: Biotechnology Program, Department of Engineering Technology, of Engineering, University of Houston, Sugar Land, TX 77479, USA * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed. Views:3179 Downloads:1462 10. 35534/sbe. 2023. 10015 Received: 22 September 2023 Accepted: 24 October 2023 Published: 31 October 2023 © 2023 The authors. This is an open access 4. 0 ( : Five-carbon (C5) and six-carbon (C6) chemicals are essential components in the manufacturing of a variety of pharmaceuticals, fuels, polymers, and other materials. However, the predominant reliance on chemical synthesis methods and unsustainable feedstock sources has placed significant strain on Earth’s finite fossil resources and the environment. To address this challenge and promote sustainability, significant efforts have been undertaken to re-program microorganisms through metabolic engineering and synthetic biology approaches allowing for bio-based manufacturing of these compounds. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements in microbial production of commercially significant non-natural C5 chemicals, including 1-pentanol, 1,5-pentanediol, cadaverine, δ-valerolactam, glutaric acid, glutaconic acid, and 5-hydroxyvaleric acid, as well as C6 chemicals, including cis, cis-muconic acid, adipic acid, 1,6-hexamethylenediamine, 6-aminocaproic acid, β-methyl-δ-valerolactone, 1-hexanol, ε-caprolactone, 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid, and 1,6-hexanediol. Keywords: Metabolic engineering; Renewable feedstock; Bio-based chemicals; C5 chemicals; C6 chemicals 1. are natural reservoirs for a wide variety of metabolites, many of which are important compounds such as amino acids, vitamins, alcohols, organic acids, and antibiotics, with broad applications in our daily lives. Metabolic engineering enables the design and rational modification of natural microorganisms, empowering them with the capability to efficiently biosynthesize these naturally occurring molecules. Furthermore, the development of synthetic biology makes it possible to reconstitute and fine-tune non-native biosynthesis pathways in a heterologous microbial chassis or even construct artificial pathways for the production of non-natural molecules.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The majority of health problems will be solved by synthetic organisms that target and repair damaged tissues or organs. [SEP] Text: Other studies suggested that marrow-derived hematopoietic cells with cardiomyogenic potential could be mobilized with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) [Orlic et al. , 2001a] or directly injected in injured myocardium [Orlic et al. , 2001b], resulting in the formation of new cardiac muscle mass and a concomitant improvement in cardiac function. In contrast, several groups failed to observe significant cardiomyogenic activity following cytokine-mediated mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells [Kawamoto et al. , 2004; Nygren et al. , 2004; Deindl et al. , 2006], although the procedure did appear to enhance postinjury cardiac function secondarily to enhanced cardiac perfusion (particularly when used in conjunction with vascular endothelial growth factor gene transfer). Similarly, studies from a number of other groups failed to detect cardiomyogenic activity following direct intracardiac injection of hematopoietic stem cells [Balsam et al. , 2004; Murry et al. , 2004; Nygren et al. , 2004], suggesting any functional improvement once again was due to indirect effects. This point was elegantly demonstrated in a series of experiments utilizing Akt-expressing mesenchymal stem cells. In the initial study, transplantation of the stem cells resulted in a marked reduction in infarct size and a concomitant improvement in cardiac function compared to untreated hearts [Mangi et al. , 2003]. Although there appeared to be a small number of cardiomyocytes derived from the transplanted stem cells, these would be too few to impact upon function [Noiseux et al. , 2006], again suggesting that alternative mechanisms contributed to functional improvement. In support of this, injection of conditioned medium from cultured stem cells completely recapitulated the effect observed with stem cell transplantation [Gnecchi et al. , 2006], indicating that a paracrine activity underlies the cardioprotection observed with this model. This view was recently confirmed by the isolation of the molecule responsible, Sfrp2 [Mirotsou et al. , 2007]. Several reports have suggested that the adult heart also contains cells with cardiomyogenic potential.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: All ants are capable of forming supercolonies without conflict. [SEP] Text: Sci 8:2211. (2005) An EMS mutagenesis protocol for sugar beet and isolation of non-bolting mutants. 124:317-321. (2020) Is plant variety registration keeping pace with speed breeding techniques? Euphytica 216:131. Jung C, Muller AE (2009) Flowering time control and applications in plant breeding. Sci 14:563-573 (1990) Difference of bolting behavior among annual and biennial sugarbeet strains. 30:16 (in Japanese) (2015) Seed production of sugar beet using vernalized seedlings I. Comparison of seedlings with stecklings in a greenhouse. . 56:13-20 (in Japanese) (2019) Molecular variation at BvBTC1 is associated with bolting tolerance in Japanese sugar beet. Euphytica 215:43. Kockelmann A, (2006) Seed production and quality. In: Draycott AP (eds) Sugar Beet. Ltd, Oxford, pp 89-113 Melzer S, Müller A, (2014) Genetics and genomics of flowering time regulation in sugar beet. In: (ed) Genomics of plant genetic resources, vol 2. Springer, Netherlands, pp 3–26 Milford GFJ (2006) Plant structure and crop physiology. In: Draycott AP (eds) Sugar Beet. Ltd, Oxford, pp 30-49 (1940) Photothermal induction of flowering in sugar beets. J 61:101-124 (2012) The role of a pseudo-response regulator gene in life cycle adaptation and domestication of beet. 22:1095-1101. (2012) The molecular basis of vernalization in different plant groups. 77:105-115. (1990) Analysis for bolting of sugarbeet by means of the test crosses of biennial lines with annual line. . 32:134-137 (in Japanese) Smit AL (1983) Influence of external factors on growth and development of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. ). Ph. D. Thesis, Center for agricultural publishing and documentation, Wageningen Univ. , Nether Lands. (1946) Relation of temperature to reproduction in sugar beets. Res 72:49-68 (2018) Speed breeding is a powerful tool to accelerate crop research and breeding. 4:23-29.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of synthetic biology projects focus on creating microorganisms that can produce valuable substances, like biofuels, medicines, or industrial chemicals. [SEP] Text: While most of the microbial-derived small-molecule products that have reached the commercial stage are natural metabolites synthesized through their native metabolic pathways, such as ethanol, lactic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, amino acids and antibiotics, some pioneering companies have attempted and succeeded in the industrial scale microbial production of non-native and non-natural molecules such as 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO), 1,4-butanediol (BDO) and isobutanol. 1,3-PDO is a platform chemical with primary applications in the synthesis of polyesters, polyethers, and polyurethanes [1,2]. It is naturally produced only from glycerol by certain microbial species including Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, and Clostridium, while Escherichia coli lacks the 1,3-PDO biosynthesis pathway [3]. Moreover, no naturally occurring microorganisms have been reported to produce 1,3-PDO from glucose. In 2000, scientists from DuPont and Genencor introduced an artificial pathway into E. coli to convert glucose to glycerol and then incorporated a foreign 1,3-PDO biosynthesis pathway [1]. Following extensive optimizations in the production strain and process, economically viable bioprocesses were successfully developed in 2006, using starch sugar as the raw material [4]. This milestone marked a starting point for microbial production of non-natural commodity chemicals through engineered artificial pathways. Following this success, Genomatica and Gevo commercialized the biomanufacturing of 1,4-BDO and isobutanol, respectively, through non-natural biosynthesis pathways [5,6]. Other well-known examples with the potential for commercialization include 1,2-propanediol, 1-butanol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2,4-butanetriol, cadaverine, etc. [7,8,9,10,11]. It's evident that the majority of these non-natural chemicals were primarily confined to three- and four-carbon (C3 and C4) molecules.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The majority of health problems will be solved by synthetic organisms that target and repair damaged tissues or organs. [SEP] Text: For example, one study suggested that progenitor cells expressing the c-kit receptor could be propagated in an undifferentiated state in vitro, and would contribute to neocardiomyogenesis upon transplantation into injured myocardium [Beltrami et al. , 2003]. However, subsequent studies attempting to confirm these results revealed that the cardiac c-kit-expressing cells were in fact derived from the marrow, and exhibited cardioprotective rather than cardiomyogenic activity [Fazel et al. , 2006]. The observed cardioprotection was attributed to a stem cell-induced proangiogenic milieu, resulting from increased vascular endothelial growth factor levels and a more favorable ratio of angiopoietin-1 to angiopoietin-2. Progenitor cells from the adult heart expressing the Sca-1 receptor were reported to home to injured myocardium and exhibit both fusiogenic and cardiomyogenic activity following intravenous delivery [Oh et al. , 2003]. Other studies suggested that direct transplantation of these cells into injured hearts enhanced angiogenesis with a concomitant improvement in cardiac function, in the absence of cardiomyogenic activity [Wang et al. , 2006]. Several other adult cardiac resident cells with apparent cardiomyogenic activity have been reported [Hierlihy et al. , 2002; Messina et al. , 2004], although follow-up analyses on these cell types have been limited. with Circulation- and Marrow-A number of phase 1 clinical trials have established that intracardiac transplantation of peripheral- and marrow-derived stem cells is both safe and feasible, prompting a series of phase 2/3 random trials to directly investigate the efficacy of autologous bone marrow cell (BMC) transfer to improve LV systolic function in patients with acute or chronic myocardial infarction. In the Transfer to Enhance ST-Regeneration (BOOST) trial, 60 patients were randomized to receive either a single infusion of ∼3 billion unfractionated BMCs into the infarct-related artery or no infusion within 5 days after successful reperfusion therapy [Wollert et al. , 2004]. LV EF, measured by magnetic resonance imaging, was 6% greater in the BMC group than in the control group at 6-month follow-up.

Output: contrast