Input: Claim: Telehealth is always cheaper than traditional in-person visits. [SEP] Text: virtual visits cannot completely replace in-person treatment, consideration should be given to a new practice model for care of the young athlete where telehealth is provided in conjunction with in-person visits. Telehealth does not simply need to be an alternative to in-person care, and can be utilized in a “hybrid” model. The ability to observe movement patterns in the patient’s home environment and sports setting, to instruct parents/guardians in exercise guidance while at home, to custom tailor the home program to the patient’s learning abilities and access to exercise equipment/substitute household items, and to provide additional scheduling options, all contribute to a potentially enhanced treatment process. This process may mitigate some of the problems related to ineffective home program performance in the young athlete population, which can have a detrimental impact on recovery. There is a potential cost savings associated with this model if it yields a more rapid recovery and requires fewer skilled visits. This could incentivize insurers to cover telehealth services as an adjunct to in-person care. Investigation of patient outcomes, ideal number and timing of telehealth visits in an episode of care, and cost effectiveness of this blended model compared to in-person alone would be a productive next step. 5 author reports no relevant disclosures.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: Cat # A2228WB: 1:10000AntibodyRabbit polyclonal anti-SAPK/:AB_2250373 Cat # 9252WB: 1:5000AntibodyRabbit monoclonal anti-Phospho-p44/42 (ERK1/2):AB_2315112 Cat # 4370WB: 1:2000AntibodyRabbit monoclonal anti-Phospho-c:AB_2129575 Cat # 3270WB: 1:1000, IF:1:100AntibodyRabbit monoclonal anti-Phospho-p38 :AB_331762 Cat # 9215WB: 1:1000AntibodyRabbit monoclonal anti-Phospho-STAT3:AB_2491009 Cat # 9145WB: 1:1000AntibodyRabbit monoclonal Phospho-NF-kB p65:AB_331284 Cat # 3033WB: 1:2000AntibodyRabbit monoclonal anti-Cyclin d1:AB_2259616 Cat # 2978WB: 1:1000AntibodyRabbit polyclonal anti-:AB_329827. Cat # 9272WB: 1:1000AntibodyRabbit monoclonal anti-Ki67abcamRRID:AB_302459 Cat # ab16667IF:1:100AntibodyRat monoclonal anti-F4/80 (Clone CI:A3-1):AB_323806 Cat # MCA497GAIF:1:100AntibodyMouse monoclonal anti-FlagM2SigmaRRID:AB_262044 Cat # F1804WB: 1:10000AntibodyMouse monoclonal anti-α-BrdUCell signalingRRID:AB_10548898 Cat # 5292IF: 1:200AntibodyRat monoclonal anti-CD16/CD32 (clone 2. 4G2):AB_394656 clone 2. 4G21 μg/ 106 cellsAntibodyMouse monoclonal anti-CD45. 2 :AB_492873 Cat # NC01234371:100AntibodyRat monoclonal PerCP-Cyanine5.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: It allows for precise modifications to improve crop yield and nutrient content. [SEP] Text: of or Track your Manuscript LOG-2021 1. 0 Latest Blogs: from Yield and of the & at forAssociation << Previous 08. The combination of nutrient sources tested were; control, NPK50 (50% NPK), NPK75 (75% NPK), NPK100 (100% NPK), FYM10 (10 t ha-1 FYM), NPK50+FYM10, NPK75+FYM10, NPK100+FYM10, FYM20 (20 t ha-1 FYM), NPK50+FYM20, NPK75+FYM20, NPK100+FYM20. Results revealed that NPK75FYM20` significantly (p<0. 05) improved the yield. As regards soil properties, NPK20FYM20 reduced bulk density, increased WHC, saturation percentage, organic matter content, plant available N, P and K significantly (p<0. 05) both at 0-15 and 15-30 cm depths. Effect of fertilizer sources either alone or in integrated form was non-significant on Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn concentration. Economic analysis showed that NPK75FYM20 rewarded the maximum net income of Rs. 43108 ha-1, indicating its superiority for profitable wheat yield under rain-fed conditions. It can be concluded from these results that the application of plant nutrients from a variety of natural and manufactured fertilizer sources improve crop yield as well as augment the fertility of soils suffering from water erosion hazards. Received | December 12, 2015; Accepted | July 08, 2016; Published | August 20, 2016 Correspondence | Farmanullah Khan, Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan; Email: farmankhan380@hotmail. com Citation | Khan, F. , S. Khan, W. Ahmad and I. Khan. 2016. Nutrient application from integrated sources improve crop yield and soil properties of water eroded land. of Agriculture, 32(3): 202-211. DOI | Keywords | Crop nutrition, Integrated nutrient sources, Physico-chemical characteristics, Soil fertility, Water eroded land increase and changes in dietary habits are important factors affecting food requirements of a nation.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Every doctor will offer telehealth services within the next two years. [SEP] Text: ” — Keith Wailoo, Princeton University, author of "Pushing Cool: Big Tobacco, Racial Marketing, and the of the Menthol Cigarette" “With medical media, like media in general, it is sometimes hard to tell poison from cure. Greene’s pathbreaking tale of technological innovation embedded within wicked moral and political problems shows how dreams and schemes of treatment at a distance have driven media history. The book’s sparkling case studies explode conventional wisdom about the telephone, radio, television, and computer. Doctors and their media of care can now take their rightful place as chief players in the cultural history of communication. ” — Peters, Yale University, author of "Clouds: Toward a Philosophy of Elemental Media" "This is one of Greene’s recurring themes: the greatest enthusiasm for novel medical technologies was often on the side of those who stood to gain financially from their widespread adoption. Doctors, among the supposed beneficiaries, were usually more gimlet-eyed, not only about the extra demands this new technology might place on them, but also about how it might interfere with the doctor–patient relationship. " — "A fascinating story of the hype, achievements, and inevitable shortcomings of telehealth technology. . . . shows, science and technology alone will never be able to deliver a more just and equitable society. " — Science "Greene's new book chronicles the evolution of telemedicine. He makes the case that at various stages along the way of that evolution, telemedicine was seen as a panacea that was going to expand access and diminish disparities in the delivery of health care, but those promises remain promises largely unfulfilled. " — WYPR's Midday "Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, physician Greene converted his clinic to telemedicine, with mixed results. He became curious about the medical history of communications technology such as the telephone, invented in 1876. The 1910 'telephonic stethoscope' was hailed for monitoring hearts, lungs and abdomens. Yet it was no use to the numerous patients who lacked a telephone even decades later. This vibrant, highly readable, but US-focused history describes how many other technologies tried 'to democratize access to healthcare. '" — Nature "This volume offers a decades-long professional investigation of telemedicine, lately a victim of opportunistic post-COVID-19 lockdown days.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: 5 Anti-Human/Mouse CD11b (M1/70):AB_2621885 Cat# 65–01121:100AntibodyRat monoclonal APC Anti-Mouse F4/80 Antigen (BM8. 1):AB_2621602 Cat # 20–48011:100AntibodyRat monoclonal Ready Anti-Mouse Ly-6G (Gr-1) (RB6-8C5):AB_2621463 Cat # 40–59311:100AntibodyMonoclonal Anti-CD11c conjugated with :AB_2621747 Cat # 50–01141:100AntibodyMonoclonal PE/Cy7 anti-mouse TCR β chainBiolegendRRID:AB_893627 Cat # 1092211:100Chemical compoundZeocinInvivogenCat # ant-zn-1(100 μg/ml)Chemical compoundLipofectamine 3000Thermo FisherCat # L3000015Chemical compoundMycoplasma KitSigmaCat#11663925910Chemical compoundcoli-derived LPSInvivogenCat # tlrl-smlpsChemical compoundPGNInvivogenCat # tlrl-pgnsaRecombinant proteinIL-6PeprotechCat # 200–06Recombinant proteinTNFαPeprotechCat # 315-01ACommercial kit-FluoresceinRocheCat # 11684795910Commercial kitMulti-target ELISA kitTechnologyCat # 7276Commercial kitPathsan Phospho-p44/42 kitTechnologyCat # 7177CSoftware, algorithmsoftwareBD BioscienceSoftware, algorithmFlowjo v10:SCR_008520Software, algorithmGraphPad Prismgraphpad. comRRID:SCR_002798Software, algorithmQIIME 1. 8. 0Qiime. orgRRID:SCR_008249 PMC3156573 Additional files Supplementary file 1 List of primers of mouse and human genes. All primers used in this study to measure the expression of mouse genes (1) and of human genes (2) by real-time qPCR analysis. Download elife-40396-supp1-v2.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: It allows for precise modifications to improve crop yield and nutrient content. [SEP] Text: Chemical fertilizers applied to soils can provide crops with specific nutrient elements, but not with all the essential elements they need. Decreasing SOM is one of the main factors affecting the productivity and the effects are more pronounced in cases of lower NPK fertilizer application. Imbalanced inorganic fertilization and lack of recycling of nutrients from natural sources adversely effected the fertility and productivity of our soil. Successful restoration of soil fertility require SOM improvement (Banning et al. , 2008). Plant nutrient input from a variety of sources has proved to enhance SOM and crop yield on initially poor quality soils (Nawaz et al. , 2000; Jadoon et al. , 2004). Recently, with the introduction of alternative energy sources (natural gas and LPGs) in many villages of the experimental area, it is the time to inspire the concerned farming community to utilize their livestock bi-products for the restoration of their degraded soils and to obtain a satisfactory level of crop yield and profitable return. This experiment was planned with the objective to determine a reasonable ratio nutrients applied through natural and chemical fertilizers for improvement in yield and soil physico-chemical characteristics of water eroded land. Methods and study was planned in (RCBD) at Jagganath village of during the year 2007-08. Soil was silt loam in texture, non-saline, alkaline (pH 8. 1), calcareous (lime 13. 75 %) with low SOM (8. 04 g kg-1) and poor in P (2. 34 mg kg-1) and K (55. 25 mg kg-1) availability. Physico-chemical properties of the site are provided in Table 1. Table 1: Physico-chemical characteristics of soil before sowing density Mg m-3 1. 40 Available water % 16. 53 Saturation water % 34. 55 Texture class - Silt loam pH - 8. 10 Electircal conductivity (EC1:5) dS m-1 0. 68 Soil organic matter (SOM) % 0. 80 CaCO3 % 13. 75 mg kg-1 10. 10 Plant available (AB-DTPA Extracted) phosphorus mg kg-1 2. 34 Potash mg kg-1 55. 25 Zinc mg kg-1 0. 72 Iron mg kg-1 2. 77 Copper mg kg-1 1. 47 Manganese mg kg-1 5.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Every doctor will offer telehealth services within the next two years. [SEP] Text: ” — Keith Wailoo, Princeton University, author of "Pushing Cool: Big Tobacco, Racial Marketing, and the of the Menthol Cigarette" “With medical media, like media in general, it is sometimes hard to tell poison from cure. Greene’s pathbreaking tale of technological innovation embedded within wicked moral and political problems shows how dreams and schemes of treatment at a distance have driven media history. The book’s sparkling case studies explode conventional wisdom about the telephone, radio, television, and computer. Doctors and their media of care can now take their rightful place as chief players in the cultural history of communication. ” — Peters, Yale University, author of "Clouds: Toward a Philosophy of Elemental Media" "This is one of Greene’s recurring themes: the greatest enthusiasm for novel medical technologies was often on the side of those who stood to gain financially from their widespread adoption. Doctors, among the supposed beneficiaries, were usually more gimlet-eyed, not only about the extra demands this new technology might place on them, but also about how it might interfere with the doctor–patient relationship. " — "A fascinating story of the hype, achievements, and inevitable shortcomings of telehealth technology. . . . shows, science and technology alone will never be able to deliver a more just and equitable society. " — Science "Greene's new book chronicles the evolution of telemedicine. He makes the case that at various stages along the way of that evolution, telemedicine was seen as a panacea that was going to expand access and diminish disparities in the delivery of health care, but those promises remain promises largely unfulfilled. " — WYPR's Midday "Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, physician Greene converted his clinic to telemedicine, with mixed results. He became curious about the medical history of communications technology such as the telephone, invented in 1876. The 1910 'telephonic stethoscope' was hailed for monitoring hearts, lungs and abdomens. Yet it was no use to the numerous patients who lacked a telephone even decades later. This vibrant, highly readable, but US-focused history describes how many other technologies tried 'to democratize access to healthcare. '" — Nature "This volume offers a decades-long professional investigation of telemedicine, lately a victim of opportunistic post-COVID-19 lockdown days.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: Figures AbstractRecent findings on stress induced structural plasticity in rodents have identified important differences between the hippocampus and amygdala. The same chronic immobilization stress (CIS, 2h/day) causes growth of dendrites and spines in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), but dendritic atrophy in hippocampal area CA3. CIS induced morphological changes also differ in their temporal longevity- BLA hypertrophy, unlike CA3 atrophy, persists even after 21 days of stress-free recovery. Furthermore, a single session of acute immobilization stress (AIS, 2h) leads to a significant increase in spine density 10 days, but not 1 day, later in the BLA. However, little is known about the molecular correlates of the differential effects of chronic and acute stress. Because BDNF is known to be a key regulator of dendritic architecture and spines, we investigated if the levels of BDNF expression reflect the divergent effects of stress on the hippocampus and amygdala. CIS reduces BDNF in area CA3, while it increases it in the BLA of male Wistar rats. CIS-induced increase in BDNF expression lasts for at least 21 days after the end of CIS in the BLA. But CIS-induced decrease in area CA3 BDNF levels, reverses to normal levels within the same period. Finally, BDNF is up regulated in the BLA 1 day after AIS and this increase persists even 10 days later. In contrast, AIS fails to elicit any significant change in area CA3 at either time points. Together, these findings demonstrate that both acute and chronic stress trigger opposite effects on BDNF levels in the BLA versus area CA3, and these divergent changes also follow distinct temporal profiles. These results point to a role for BDNF in stress-induced structural plasticity across both hippocampus and amygdala, two brain areas that have also been implicated in the cognitive and affective symptoms of stress-related psychiatric disorders. Citation: Lakshminarasimhan H, (2012) to on the Levels of in the Hippocampus and Amygdala. 7(1): e30481. Kenji Hashimoto, Center for Health, JapanReceived: September 22, 2011; Accepted: December 16, 2011; Published: January 17, 2012Copyright: © 2012 Lakshminarasimhan, Chattarji. This is an open-access 1.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: It allows for precise modifications to improve crop yield and nutrient content. [SEP] Text: 8 e NPK50FYM10 40. 2 e 3033 e 9. 9 f 6. 9 d NPK75FYM10 41. 2 d 3323 d 10. 4 e 7. 1 c NPK100FYM10 42. 3 c 3443 cd 10. 6 d 7. 2 b FYM20 40. 2 e 2880 e 8. 6 g 5. 5 f NPK50FYM20 44. 3 b 3676 bc 10. 8 c 7. 1 c NPK75FYM20 45. 4 a 4020 a 11. 4 a 7. 4 a NPK100FYM20 45. 2 a 3790 ab 11. 2 b 7. 4 a Recommended dose of NPK (120:90:60); wt. : Weight; BY: Biological yield; SY: Straw yield; Means with different letters are significantly different from one another at the P<0. 05 level Results and (Table 3) revealed significant (p<0. 05) increase in yield parameters where the highest 1000 grain weight (GW1000) and maximum grain yield (GY) were obtained with the application of NPK75FYM20. Whilst being statistically at par with NPK100FYM20, NPK75FYM20 showed 26, 20 and 14% higher GW1000 and 99, 76 and 48% higher GY over the control, NPK50 and NPK100, respectively (Table 3). On the other extremity, same treatment (NPK75FYM20) resulted in 20 and 15% more GW1000 and 65 and 23% more GY compared to FYM10 and FYM20, respectively. These results counsel the addition of 20 t ha-1 FYM in conjunction with low NPK by 25% of the recommended dose for highest production. The results further endorsed that integrative use of nutrients from organic and synthetic sources can restitute the fecundity of eroded lands and has asset over their unshared applications. Whilst, Nadeem et al. (2016) termed it the second favourable choice after the recommended inorganic NPK and micronutrients fertilizers in the planner part of (Khan) for higher grain yield, highest grain yield (maize) obtained by Jadoon (2004) after the conjunctive cure of FYM and chemical fertilizers in the northern supports our results.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Every doctor will offer telehealth services within the next two years. [SEP] Text: ” — Keith Wailoo, Princeton University, author of "Pushing Cool: Big Tobacco, Racial Marketing, and the of the Menthol Cigarette" “With medical media, like media in general, it is sometimes hard to tell poison from cure. Greene’s pathbreaking tale of technological innovation embedded within wicked moral and political problems shows how dreams and schemes of treatment at a distance have driven media history. The book’s sparkling case studies explode conventional wisdom about the telephone, radio, television, and computer. Doctors and their media of care can now take their rightful place as chief players in the cultural history of communication. ” — Peters, Yale University, author of "Clouds: Toward a Philosophy of Elemental Media" "This is one of Greene’s recurring themes: the greatest enthusiasm for novel medical technologies was often on the side of those who stood to gain financially from their widespread adoption. Doctors, among the supposed beneficiaries, were usually more gimlet-eyed, not only about the extra demands this new technology might place on them, but also about how it might interfere with the doctor–patient relationship. " — "A fascinating story of the hype, achievements, and inevitable shortcomings of telehealth technology. . . . shows, science and technology alone will never be able to deliver a more just and equitable society. " — Science "Greene's new book chronicles the evolution of telemedicine. He makes the case that at various stages along the way of that evolution, telemedicine was seen as a panacea that was going to expand access and diminish disparities in the delivery of health care, but those promises remain promises largely unfulfilled. " — WYPR's Midday "Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, physician Greene converted his clinic to telemedicine, with mixed results. He became curious about the medical history of communications technology such as the telephone, invented in 1876. The 1910 'telephonic stethoscope' was hailed for monitoring hearts, lungs and abdomens. Yet it was no use to the numerous patients who lacked a telephone even decades later. This vibrant, highly readable, but US-focused history describes how many other technologies tried 'to democratize access to healthcare. '" — Nature "This volume offers a decades-long professional investigation of telemedicine, lately a victim of opportunistic post-COVID-19 lockdown days.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: Chronic stress regulates BDNF expression in CA3 and BLA in contrasting manner. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. A Experimental design of chronic stress (CIS+1d) followed by micro dissection of area CA3 from transverse hippocampal sections or BLA from coronal sections. B BDNF expression in area CA3 is decreased after chronic stress (Control, n = 5; CIS+1d, n = 5), C Chronic stress up regulates BDNF expression in BLA (Control, n = 6; CIS+1d, n = 8). Chronic stress induced changes in BDNF expression profile is normalized to respective control level. D Serum corticosterone levels are up regulated after chronic stress in comparison to controls (Control, n = 5; CIS+1d, n = 6). Significant differences *, p<0. 05; Unpaired, two-tailed, Student's t-test was used to compare stress and control groups. Download: PPTPowerPoint slidePNGlarger imageTIFForiginal imageFigure 2. Contrasting profiles of BDNF in CA3 and BLA in response to recovery from chronic stress. Data are presented as mean ± SEM A Experimental design of 21 days of recovery from chronic stress paradigm (CIS+21d). B BDNF expression in area CA3 comes back to control levels post recovery from chronic stress (Control, n = 6; CIS+21d, n = 6), C Chronic stress induced up regulation in BDNF expression in BLA persists even after twenty one days of recovery (Control, n = 4; CIS+21d, n = 6). BDNF expression profile is normalized to respective control level. D The up regulation of serum corticosterone levels persists even after recovery from chronic stress (Control, n = 7; CIS+21d, n = 6). Significant differences *, p<0. 05; Unpaired, two-tailed, Student's t-test was used to compare stress and control groups. Download: PPTPowerPoint slidePNGlarger imageTIFForiginal imageFigure 3. Acute stress modulates BDNF profile differentially in CA3 and BLA. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. A Experimental design of acute stress (AIS+1d) and recovery for 10 days from acute stress (AIS+10d).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: It allows for precise modifications to improve crop yield and nutrient content. [SEP] Text: Such integrated use of nutrient sources have been advocated for improvement in soil OM content (Swarup, 2001), physical characteristics (Hati et al. , 2006) and crop productivity (Jadoon, 2004). Data obtained further showed that chemical fertilizers and FYM, applied singly and united, significantly (P<0. 05) augmented the biological yield (BY) and straw yield (SY) over the control (Table 3). The higher BY and SY were obtained with cure of NPK75FYM20 registering an increment of 86, 40 and 30% in BY and 80, 71 and 29% in SY over the control, NPK50 and NPK100, respectively. It was further noted that with regard to BY, FYM10 alone was comparable with NPK50 and FYM20 alone was comparable with NPK100. With regard to SY, NPK75FYM20 was comparable with NPK100FYM20. Yet, all of these nutrient types and combinations were significantly potent compared to the control. Mineral fertilizers alone (NPK50 and NPK100) also showed significant improvement in BY (11 and 43%, respectively) and SY (5 and 39%, respectively) over the control (Table 3). Plant nutrient supplementation through organic manure results in sustaining crop productivity (Patra et al. , 2000). Nutrient application from inorganic (NPK) alone and its combination with organic fertilizer significantly improve crop growth rate (Nadeem et. al. , 2016). Nutrients from mineral fertilizers get pronto free for the plants uptake to cater for early growth requirements whilst FYM slow decomposition ensure nutrients availability at the latter growth stages. Combination of both sources results in continuous nutrient supply throughout plant life resulting in higher biological yield (Ibrahim et al. , 1992; FAO, 1995). Mussgnug et al. (2006) obtained higher yield with FYM application to nutrient deficient soils whilst Sohu et al. (2015) recommended to amend soil for nutrients half from organic and half from inorganic sources. It can be visualized from these results that conjunctive use of FYM and chemical nutrient sources has remodeled eroded soil capacity for crop production. Similar results have been reported by other scientists as well (Nawaz et al. , 2000; Jadoon et al. , 2004; Bhatti et al. , 2005).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Every doctor will offer telehealth services within the next two years. [SEP] Text: ” — Keith Wailoo, Princeton University, author of "Pushing Cool: Big Tobacco, Racial Marketing, and the of the Menthol Cigarette" “With medical media, like media in general, it is sometimes hard to tell poison from cure. Greene’s pathbreaking tale of technological innovation embedded within wicked moral and political problems shows how dreams and schemes of treatment at a distance have driven media history. The book’s sparkling case studies explode conventional wisdom about the telephone, radio, television, and computer. Doctors and their media of care can now take their rightful place as chief players in the cultural history of communication. ” — Peters, Yale University, author of "Clouds: Toward a Philosophy of Elemental Media" "This is one of Greene’s recurring themes: the greatest enthusiasm for novel medical technologies was often on the side of those who stood to gain financially from their widespread adoption. Doctors, among the supposed beneficiaries, were usually more gimlet-eyed, not only about the extra demands this new technology might place on them, but also about how it might interfere with the doctor–patient relationship. " — "A fascinating story of the hype, achievements, and inevitable shortcomings of telehealth technology. . . . shows, science and technology alone will never be able to deliver a more just and equitable society. " — Science "Greene's new book chronicles the evolution of telemedicine. He makes the case that at various stages along the way of that evolution, telemedicine was seen as a panacea that was going to expand access and diminish disparities in the delivery of health care, but those promises remain promises largely unfulfilled. " — WYPR's Midday "Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, physician Greene converted his clinic to telemedicine, with mixed results. He became curious about the medical history of communications technology such as the telephone, invented in 1876. The 1910 'telephonic stethoscope' was hailed for monitoring hearts, lungs and abdomens. Yet it was no use to the numerous patients who lacked a telephone even decades later. This vibrant, highly readable, but US-focused history describes how many other technologies tried 'to democratize access to healthcare. '" — Nature "This volume offers a decades-long professional investigation of telemedicine, lately a victim of opportunistic post-COVID-19 lockdown days.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: B BDNF expression in area CA3 in response to acute stress. Acute stress does not change the BDNF levels in CA3 (Control, n = 9; AIS+1d, n = 9; AIS+10d, n = 6, F(2,21) = 2. 11, p>0. 05). C Acute stress up regulates BDNF expression in BLA and this up regulation persists even after recovery (Control, n = 6; AIS+1d, n = 5; AIS+10d, n = 6, F(2,14) = 4. 82, p<0. 05). BDNF expression profile was normalized to respective control levels and evaluated by Fisher's post-hoc. D Effect of acute stress and recovery from acute stress on serum corticosterone levels (Control, n = 11; AIS+1d, n = 5; AIS+10d, n = 6, Kruskal-χ2(2) = 10. 01, p<0. 05, Mann-Whitney post-hoc, p<0. 05). Significant differences *, p<0. 05. Body weights The net change in weights of rats between the beginning and end points of the experiments was divided by the starting weight and multiplied by 100 to calculate percentage gain in body weights. Corticosterone measurements Rats were weighed and sacrificed by rapid decapitation under deep anesthesia (halothane) and trunk blood was collected within 3 minutes for each animal; all samples were collected between 10 AM and 1 PM. Samples were centrifuged at 16000 rcf for 5 min at 4°C, and serum was stored at −80°C. Serum corticosterone level was determined by using Correlate - EIA kit according to the manufacturer's instructions (Assay designs). Absorbance at 405 nm was determined by microplate reader (Biorad). Corticosterone concentration (ng/ml) was determined using the standard curve. Anesthesia, decapitation and blood collection was conducted rapidly (within 3′) in an adjacent room in order to minimize stress effects and keep the time to blood collection standardized. Tissue collection and BDNF measurements Basolateral amygdala (BLA) was micro dissected from 400 µm thick coronal sections obtained from McChopper.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: It allows for precise modifications to improve crop yield and nutrient content. [SEP] Text: of Economic analysis of crop yield obtained from different fertilizer treatments (Table 4) showed that NPK75FYM20 produced the extremum net economic return (Rs. 43108 ha-1) indicating thrifty significance for profitable wheat yield. Application of inorganic fertilizers (50, 75 and 100% NPK of the recommended dose) excluding any organic fertilizers produced the lowest economic return (Rs. 1907, 14208 and 14648, respectively). It can be terminated from these results that the net return per unit area was raised due to the integrated use of organic and artificial nutrient sources and this may provide probably the most viable and sustainable option for cereal based cropping schemes under limiting soil conditions. This further indicated the amelioration of crop productivity of eroded lands making it more profitable and sustainable if practiced over time. Table 4: Economic analysis of fertilizers (Pak Rs. ) of of SYI Cost of fertilizers Net return -------kg ha-1 -------- Pak Rs. kg ha-1 -----------Pak Rs. ---------- Control 2020 4105 - - - - - NPK50 2481 4314 461 11064 209 1463 10620 1907 NPK75 2863 5518 843 20232 1413 9891 15915 14208 NPK100 3043 5717 1023 24552 1612 11284 21188 14648 FYM10 2440 5721 420 10080 1616 11312 6000 15392 NPK50FYM10 3033 6832 1013 24312 2727 19098 16620 29790 NPK75FYM10 3323 7122 1303 31272 3017 21119 21915 30476 NPK100FYM10 3443 7170 1423 34152 3065 21455 27188 28419 FYM20 2880 5508 860 20640 1403 9821 12000 18461 NPK50FYM20 3676 7136 1656 39744 3031 21217 33188 29516 NPK75FYM20 4020 7394 2000 48000 3289 23023 27915 43108 NPK100FYM20 3790 7385 1770 42480 3280 22960 22620 41077 GY: Grain yield; SY: Straw Yield; GYI: Grain yield increased; SYI: Straw yield increased Table 5: Effect of inorganic fertilizer alone and in combination with FYM on soil physico-chemical properties Treatments B.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Every doctor will offer telehealth services within the next two years. [SEP] Text: ” — Keith Wailoo, Princeton University, author of "Pushing Cool: Big Tobacco, Racial Marketing, and the of the Menthol Cigarette" “With medical media, like media in general, it is sometimes hard to tell poison from cure. Greene’s pathbreaking tale of technological innovation embedded within wicked moral and political problems shows how dreams and schemes of treatment at a distance have driven media history. The book’s sparkling case studies explode conventional wisdom about the telephone, radio, television, and computer. Doctors and their media of care can now take their rightful place as chief players in the cultural history of communication. ” — Peters, Yale University, author of "Clouds: Toward a Philosophy of Elemental Media" "This is one of Greene’s recurring themes: the greatest enthusiasm for novel medical technologies was often on the side of those who stood to gain financially from their widespread adoption. Doctors, among the supposed beneficiaries, were usually more gimlet-eyed, not only about the extra demands this new technology might place on them, but also about how it might interfere with the doctor–patient relationship. " — "A fascinating story of the hype, achievements, and inevitable shortcomings of telehealth technology. . . . shows, science and technology alone will never be able to deliver a more just and equitable society. " — Science "Greene's new book chronicles the evolution of telemedicine. He makes the case that at various stages along the way of that evolution, telemedicine was seen as a panacea that was going to expand access and diminish disparities in the delivery of health care, but those promises remain promises largely unfulfilled. " — WYPR's Midday "Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, physician Greene converted his clinic to telemedicine, with mixed results. He became curious about the medical history of communications technology such as the telephone, invented in 1876. The 1910 'telephonic stethoscope' was hailed for monitoring hearts, lungs and abdomens. Yet it was no use to the numerous patients who lacked a telephone even decades later. This vibrant, highly readable, but US-focused history describes how many other technologies tried 'to democratize access to healthcare. '" — Nature "This volume offers a decades-long professional investigation of telemedicine, lately a victim of opportunistic post-COVID-19 lockdown days.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: Area CA3 was dissected from 400 µm thick transverse hippocampal sections obtained using the chopper (Figure 1A). Tissue was lysed in the presence of protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche). BDNF was estimated using BDNF Emax immunoassay kit (Promega) according to manufacturer's protocol. Protein levels were estimated using BCA kit (Pierce). Levels of BDNF were normalized to protein levels. Data analysis Percentage changes in body weight gain were compared between control and experimental groups using unpaired Student's t test assuming unequal variances. Corticosterone measurements and BDNF data were analyzed using unpaired Student's t test assuming unequal variances in the case of CIS and CIS+21d. In case of corticosterone measurements for AIS and AIS+10d, Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Mann–Whitney post-hoc test with Bonferroni's adjustment was used because the data distributions called for a non-parametric analysis. For the analysis of the data, ANOVA followed by post-hoc Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) test was used for pairwise comparison in the case of AIS and AIS+10d. P-values less than 0. 05 were considered significant. stress elicits opposite effects on BDNF levels in the BLA and area CA3 As described above, chronic immobilization stress (CIS; 2 h/day for 10 days) leads to contrasting patterns of dendritic remodeling in the BLA versus hippocampal area CA3. Specifically, 1 day after the termination of stress, the same CIS that caused dendritic atrophy in the CA3 pyramidal neurons, elicited dendritic growth and spinogenesis in the BLA principal neurons. As BDNF promotes dendritic and spine growth [18], we reasoned that the levels of BDNF expression may reflect the divergent effects of chronic stress on neuronal morphology in the BLA versus area CA3. To test this prediction, we conducted ELISA analysis on tissue micro-dissected from these two brain regions in control and CIS treated rats (Figure 1A). There was significantly lower levels of BDNF protein in the area CA3 1 day after chronic stress (Control, 1. 00±0. 11; n = 5; CIS+1d, 0. 43±0.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: It allows for precise modifications to improve crop yield and nutrient content. [SEP] Text: 8 a 8. 09 0. 83 8. 5 e NPK75FYM10 1. 36 c 16. 7 bc 41. 6 a 8. 11 0. 76 8. 9 de NPK100FYM10 1. 34 c 16. 6 bc 41. 5 a 8. 03 0. 81 9. 3 d FYM20 1. 28 d 19. 7 b 46. 0 a 8. 08 0. 90 10. 8 c NPK50FYM20 1. 28 e 19. 6 a 46. 1 a 8. 11 0. 61 11. 0 bc NPK75FYM20 1. 25 f 19. 7 a 46. 3 a 8. 13 0. 85 11. 4 b NPK100FYM20 1. 21 g 19. 9 a 47. 0 a 8. 11 0. 80 12. 4 a Recommended dose of NPK (120:90:60); Means with different letters are significantly different than one another at the P<0. 05 level Post-harvest Looking at overall changes in soil physico-chemical characteristics (Table 5), the physical properties like bulk density (ρb), available water (ωa) and saturation water (ωs) were affected by combined use of nutrient sources (FYM and commercial fertilizers). The lowest values of ρb (1. 08 and 1. 21 Mg m-3) were noted with NPK100FYM20 (Table 5) followed by NPK75FYM20 (1. 14 and 1. 25 Mg m-3) in plough layer (0-15 cm) and deep (15-30 cm), respectively. Soil ρb in FYM10 (1. 29 Mg m-3) FYM20 (1. 17 Mg m-3) reduced significantly from its peak level in the control (1. 4 Mg m-3). This showed that FYM20 was more effective in decreasing ρb. Available water (ωa) and saturation water (ωs) were maximum (23. 37 and 50. 13%, respectively) in the soil treated with NPK100FYM20 followed by NPK75FYM20 (23. 16 and 48. 73%, respectively) in 0-15 cm soil (Table 3). Compared to the control (17. 27 and 35.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Every doctor will offer telehealth services within the next two years. [SEP] Text: ” — Keith Wailoo, Princeton University, author of "Pushing Cool: Big Tobacco, Racial Marketing, and the of the Menthol Cigarette" “With medical media, like media in general, it is sometimes hard to tell poison from cure. Greene’s pathbreaking tale of technological innovation embedded within wicked moral and political problems shows how dreams and schemes of treatment at a distance have driven media history. The book’s sparkling case studies explode conventional wisdom about the telephone, radio, television, and computer. Doctors and their media of care can now take their rightful place as chief players in the cultural history of communication. ” — Peters, Yale University, author of "Clouds: Toward a Philosophy of Elemental Media" "This is one of Greene’s recurring themes: the greatest enthusiasm for novel medical technologies was often on the side of those who stood to gain financially from their widespread adoption. Doctors, among the supposed beneficiaries, were usually more gimlet-eyed, not only about the extra demands this new technology might place on them, but also about how it might interfere with the doctor–patient relationship. " — "A fascinating story of the hype, achievements, and inevitable shortcomings of telehealth technology. . . . shows, science and technology alone will never be able to deliver a more just and equitable society. " — Science "Greene's new book chronicles the evolution of telemedicine. He makes the case that at various stages along the way of that evolution, telemedicine was seen as a panacea that was going to expand access and diminish disparities in the delivery of health care, but those promises remain promises largely unfulfilled. " — WYPR's Midday "Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, physician Greene converted his clinic to telemedicine, with mixed results. He became curious about the medical history of communications technology such as the telephone, invented in 1876. The 1910 'telephonic stethoscope' was hailed for monitoring hearts, lungs and abdomens. Yet it was no use to the numerous patients who lacked a telephone even decades later. This vibrant, highly readable, but US-focused history describes how many other technologies tried 'to democratize access to healthcare. '" — Nature "This volume offers a decades-long professional investigation of telemedicine, lately a victim of opportunistic post-COVID-19 lockdown days.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: 07; data normalized to control animals; n = 5, P<0. 05; Figure 1B). In striking contrast, the same chronic stress led to significantly higher levels of BDNF protein in the BLA 1 day later (Control, 1. 00±0. 01; n = 6; CIS+1d, 1. 44±0. 15; data normalized to control animals; n = 8; P<0. 05; Figure 1C). Thus, these data indicate that similar to its differential effects on dendritic arborization, CIS also modulates BDNF levels in the area CA3 and BLA in contrasting fashion. We also confirmed the efficacy of our CIS paradigm by assessing two widely used indicators of stress. First, we measured, 1 day after the end of the 10 day CIS protocol, the blood serum levels of corticosterone, a common indicator of HPA axis activation. There was a significant increase in the levels of corticosterone in CIS animals relative to control animals (Control, 83. 8±42. 2 ng/ml of serum; n = 5; CIS+1d, 338. 2±94. 8 ng/ml of serum; n = 6; P<0. 05; Figure 1D). Second, we compared changes in body weight (Table 1) and found a significant reduction in the percentage weight gained 1 day after CIS (Control, 30. 26±1. 37%; n = 12; CIS+1d, 14. 4±1. 94%; n = 12; P<0. 05). Download: PPTPowerPoint slidePNGlarger imageTIFForiginal imageTable 1. Summary of body weight measures. Recovery after chronic stress fails to reverse elevated levels of BDNF in the BLA, but not in area CA3 Earlier studies have reported that the impact of chronic stress also differs between the hippocampus and amygdala in terms of its temporal persistence. For instance, dendritic hypertrophy in the BLA persists even after 21 days of stress-free recovery following 10 days of CIS. On the other hand, CIS-induced hippocampal CA3 atrophy is reversible within the same 21-day period of recovery.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: It allows for precise modifications to improve crop yield and nutrient content. [SEP] Text: 37%, respectively), ωa and ωs with FYM10 were 19. 68 and 41. 32%, while with FYM20, it were 22. 67 and 46. 65%, respectively. Similar trends in ωa and ωs were also observed at 15-30 cm soil depth. Increased SOM after FYM input and higher biomass production might be responsible for higher ωa and ωs. Sohu et al. (2015) recommended half of the required inorganic fertilizer in combination with organic sources of nutrients for improved organic matter stock and soil fertility status whilst Hati et al. (2006) and Ahmad et al. (2014) reported improved soil physical characteristics after application of similar soil amendments. Farmyard manure, on its decomposition, might have released Ca2+ helping flocculation of soil p8. 01) was noted in the soil treated with NPK100FYM20 followed by FYM20 and FYM10 alone (Table 5). This drop down in pH might be the result of H+ produced during the degradation and nitrification of FYM and commercial fertilizers (Akram et al. , 2007). Soil depth of 15-30 cm also showed similar results with regard to soil pH. . There was no significant change in EC1:5, which, however, was higher deep into the soil (15-30 cm) compared to the plough layer (0-15 cm). matter (OM) content increased significantly (P<0. 05) after the application of conjunctive nutrient sources. Highest OM content (13. 83 g kg-1) was observed in NPK100FYM20 followed by NPK75FYM20 (12. 83 g kg-1). Compared to the control (6. 30 g kg-1), OM content with the application of FYM10 and FYM20 was 9. 0 g kg-1 and 12. 23 g kg-1 respectively. The same trend of augmented OM was also found at the 15-30 cm depth. Wang et al. (2000) concluded that application of organic materials increased OM by 1. 17 to 2. 85 g kg-1 soil and reduced the oxidation stability of soil OM. The increased OM might be due to increased root mass and added FYM. Rasool et al. (2007) obtained 44% more OM, 2.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Every doctor will offer telehealth services within the next two years. [SEP] Text: ” — Keith Wailoo, Princeton University, author of "Pushing Cool: Big Tobacco, Racial Marketing, and the of the Menthol Cigarette" “With medical media, like media in general, it is sometimes hard to tell poison from cure. Greene’s pathbreaking tale of technological innovation embedded within wicked moral and political problems shows how dreams and schemes of treatment at a distance have driven media history. The book’s sparkling case studies explode conventional wisdom about the telephone, radio, television, and computer. Doctors and their media of care can now take their rightful place as chief players in the cultural history of communication. ” — Peters, Yale University, author of "Clouds: Toward a Philosophy of Elemental Media" "This is one of Greene’s recurring themes: the greatest enthusiasm for novel medical technologies was often on the side of those who stood to gain financially from their widespread adoption. Doctors, among the supposed beneficiaries, were usually more gimlet-eyed, not only about the extra demands this new technology might place on them, but also about how it might interfere with the doctor–patient relationship. " — "A fascinating story of the hype, achievements, and inevitable shortcomings of telehealth technology. . . . shows, science and technology alone will never be able to deliver a more just and equitable society. " — Science "Greene's new book chronicles the evolution of telemedicine. He makes the case that at various stages along the way of that evolution, telemedicine was seen as a panacea that was going to expand access and diminish disparities in the delivery of health care, but those promises remain promises largely unfulfilled. " — WYPR's Midday "Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, physician Greene converted his clinic to telemedicine, with mixed results. He became curious about the medical history of communications technology such as the telephone, invented in 1876. The 1910 'telephonic stethoscope' was hailed for monitoring hearts, lungs and abdomens. Yet it was no use to the numerous patients who lacked a telephone even decades later. This vibrant, highly readable, but US-focused history describes how many other technologies tried 'to democratize access to healthcare. '" — Nature "This volume offers a decades-long professional investigation of telemedicine, lately a victim of opportunistic post-COVID-19 lockdown days.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: Since the data presented so far indicates that the CIS-induced increase and decrease in BDNF levels parallels BLA hypertrophy and CA3 atrophy respectively, we tested if the temporal profile of BDNF levels during post-stress recovery also differ in the two regions. Twenty one days after the end of CIS, we found no difference in BDNF levels in area CA3 between control and CIS animals (Control, 1. 00±0. 15; n = 6; CIS+21d, 1. 00±0. 2; data normalized to control animals; n = 6; P>0. 05; Figure 2B). In the BLA, by contrast, BDNF levels remained significantly elevated even after the same post-CIS recovery period (Control, 1. 00±0. 02; n = 4; CIS+21d, 2. 3±0. 49; data normalized to control animals; n = 6; P<0. 05; Figure 2C). Thus, unlike CA3 area, CIS-induced up-regulation of BDNF protein levels in the BLA persists up to 21 days after the end of stress. We also monitored the impact of CIS on blood serum levels of corticosterone and relative gain in body weight after the same recovery period. Corticosterone levels remained elevated even 21 days after CIS (Control, 43. 0±11. 7 ng/ml of serum; n = 7; CIS+21d, 146. 3±34. 9 ng/ml of serum; n = 6; P<0. 05; Figure 2D). In contrast, there was no difference in the percentage gain in body weight between stressed and unstressed animals after the recovery period (Control, 73. 41±4. 1%; n = 4; CIS+21d, 70. 0±3. 5% n = 6 P>0. 05) (Table 1). Acute stress also differs in its impact on BDNF expression over time in the BLA and area CA3 The results described so far show that BDNF levels in area CA3 and BLA, following exposure to CIS, are strikingly different both in terms of the direction and time course of change.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: It allows for precise modifications to improve crop yield and nutrient content. [SEP] Text: 5 fold higher total C and 5 fold higher labile C in manured (35 t FYM ha-1 yr-1) plots. Eventually, proper manuring become an essential practice for optimum soil health and sustained crop production (Chaudhri et. al. , 1998). Table 6: Effect of sole inorganic fertilizer and in combination with FYM on plant available nutrients concentration in soil ……………………. . . . . . . . . ……. . . . . . . . . ……. . mg kg-1…………. . …. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ……………………… (0-15 cm) Control 8. 2 l 1. 8 c 56. 2 h 1. 29 0. 78 3. 09 4. 73 NPK50 8. 8 k 4. 6 bc 64. 3 g 1. 18 0. 67 3. 18 4. 98 NPK75 9. 1 j 5. 6abc 72. 1cf 1. 27 0. 78 3. 03 4. 76 NPK100 11. 0i 6. 1abc 81. 9 c 1. 11 0. 71 3. 21 3. 95 FYM10 12. 2h 3. 5ab 67. 8fg 1. 29 0. 67 3. 01 4. 06 NPK50FYM10 13. 4g 4. 9ab 74. 7de 1. 32 0. 59 3. 09 4. 22 NPK75FYM10 14. 6f 5. 9abc 85. 0 c 1. 11 0. 74 3. 15 4. 62 NPK100FYM10 15. 5e 6. 5abc 91. 9 b 1. 14 0. 80 3. 05 4. 50 FYM20 20. 2d 4. 5abc 71. 5 ef 1. 27 0. 57 2. 92 4. 18 NPK50FYM20 21. 3c 6. 2abc 77. 4 d 1. 37 0. 87 3. 18 4. 36 NPK75FYM20 22. 5b 6. 5abc 95. 1 b 1. 33 0. 77 2. 89 4. 84 NPK100FYM20 23. 4b 7. 6 a 121. 3a 1. 36 0. 97 3. 08 4. 99 (15-30 cm) Control 7. 9 k 1. 4 g 48. 5 i 1. 54 0.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Every doctor will offer telehealth services within the next two years. [SEP] Text: ” — Keith Wailoo, Princeton University, author of "Pushing Cool: Big Tobacco, Racial Marketing, and the of the Menthol Cigarette" “With medical media, like media in general, it is sometimes hard to tell poison from cure. Greene’s pathbreaking tale of technological innovation embedded within wicked moral and political problems shows how dreams and schemes of treatment at a distance have driven media history. The book’s sparkling case studies explode conventional wisdom about the telephone, radio, television, and computer. Doctors and their media of care can now take their rightful place as chief players in the cultural history of communication. ” — Peters, Yale University, author of "Clouds: Toward a Philosophy of Elemental Media" "This is one of Greene’s recurring themes: the greatest enthusiasm for novel medical technologies was often on the side of those who stood to gain financially from their widespread adoption. Doctors, among the supposed beneficiaries, were usually more gimlet-eyed, not only about the extra demands this new technology might place on them, but also about how it might interfere with the doctor–patient relationship. " — "A fascinating story of the hype, achievements, and inevitable shortcomings of telehealth technology. . . . shows, science and technology alone will never be able to deliver a more just and equitable society. " — Science "Greene's new book chronicles the evolution of telemedicine. He makes the case that at various stages along the way of that evolution, telemedicine was seen as a panacea that was going to expand access and diminish disparities in the delivery of health care, but those promises remain promises largely unfulfilled. " — WYPR's Midday "Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, physician Greene converted his clinic to telemedicine, with mixed results. He became curious about the medical history of communications technology such as the telephone, invented in 1876. The 1910 'telephonic stethoscope' was hailed for monitoring hearts, lungs and abdomens. Yet it was no use to the numerous patients who lacked a telephone even decades later. This vibrant, highly readable, but US-focused history describes how many other technologies tried 'to democratize access to healthcare. '" — Nature "This volume offers a decades-long professional investigation of telemedicine, lately a victim of opportunistic post-COVID-19 lockdown days.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: In contrast to the robust effects seen when the 2 h immobilization stress is repeated for 10 consecutive days, only a single episode of the same stress (acute immobilization stress or AIS) is known to trigger a different temporal pattern of changes in the BLA. fails to affect spine density or dendritic arborization, when measured 1 day later. However, the same AIS leads to a gradual increase in spine density 10 days later in the BLA. Therefore, next we examined if AIS modulates BDNF levels in the hippocampus and amygdala over time. We found only a modest reduction in BDNF in area CA3 that was not statistically significant either 1 or 10 days after AIS (Control, 1. 00±0. 11; n = 9; AIS+1d, 0. 73±0. 05; data normalized to control animals; n = 9; AIS+10d, 1. 02±0. 19; data normalized to control animals; n = 6; P>0. 05; Figure 3B). However, the same AIS caused a significant increase in BDNF levels in the BLA 1 day later (Control, 1. 00±0. 06; n = 6; AIS+1d, 2. 31±0. 24; data normalized to control animals; n = 5; P<0. 05; Figure 3C). Moreover, this AIS-induced elevation in BDNF levels persisted in the BLA even after 10 days (CTR, 1. 00±0. 06; n = 6; AIS+10d, 1. 98±0. 46; data normalized to control animals; n = 6; P<0. 05; Figure 3C). These findings demonstrate that even a shorter duration of stress triggers changes in BDNF in the BLA and CA3 area that differ considerably in their direction and temporal features. Since the AIS paradigm is expected to be less severe compared to CIS, we also monitored its impact on serum levels of corticosterone and body weight gain at the same time points after AIS when BDNF protein levels were measured. Relative to controls, AIS caused a significant increase in corticosterone levels 1 day later (Control, 83. 8±26. 0 ng/ml of serum; n = 11, AIS+1d, 594. 7±221.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: It allows for precise modifications to improve crop yield and nutrient content. [SEP] Text: Initial levels of N, P and K were deficient and their levels increased due to the cumulative effect of commercial fertilizers and FYM. It was evident from the data (Table 6) that in the plough layer, sole inorganic and combined with FYM significantly (P<0. 05) increased the post-harvest soil mineral N. Maximum post-harvest soil N of was observed in NPK100FYM20 (23. 41 mg kg-1) treatment followed by NPK75FYM20 (22. 27 mg kg-1). Soil mineral N with FYM10 was 12. 16 mg kg-1, while with FYM20 it was 20. 23 mg kg-1 while with control it was 8. 21 mg kg-1. The maximum post-harvest soil mineral N concentration of 22. 92 mg kg-1 was recorded in NPK100FYM20 followed by 22. 23 mg kg-1 in NPK75FYM20 (Table 6) in the second depth (15-30cm). The highest plant available P and K (7. 61 and 121. 32 mg kg-1, respectively) were recorded in NPK100FYM20 followed by NPK75FYM20 (6. 53 and 85. 01 mg kg-1). Plant available P and K contents after the addition of FYM10 were 3. 53 mg kg-1 P and 67. 80 mg kg-1 K, while with FYM20, the extractable P and K contents were 4. 48 and 71. 46 mg kg-1, respectively, compared to soil native values in control (1. 81 mg kg-1 P and 56. 17 mg kg -1 K),. Similarly, with depth (15-30 cm) the maximum post-harvest available P and K contents of 6. 66 and 107. 99 mg kg-1, were recorded in NPK100FYM20 followed by 6. 07 mg kg-1 P and 85. 01 mg kg-1 K in NPK75FYM20 (Table 6). Nutrient loss from top soil with sheet and rill erosion (Bhatti et. al. , 1997) and the agricultural activities with elevated nutrient exhaustion from soil plant system and the attendant small and imbalanced fertilization resulted in deteriorating soil fertility status (Sohu et. al. , 2015).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Every doctor will offer telehealth services within the next two years. [SEP] Text: ” — Keith Wailoo, Princeton University, author of "Pushing Cool: Big Tobacco, Racial Marketing, and the of the Menthol Cigarette" “With medical media, like media in general, it is sometimes hard to tell poison from cure. Greene’s pathbreaking tale of technological innovation embedded within wicked moral and political problems shows how dreams and schemes of treatment at a distance have driven media history. The book’s sparkling case studies explode conventional wisdom about the telephone, radio, television, and computer. Doctors and their media of care can now take their rightful place as chief players in the cultural history of communication. ” — Peters, Yale University, author of "Clouds: Toward a Philosophy of Elemental Media" "This is one of Greene’s recurring themes: the greatest enthusiasm for novel medical technologies was often on the side of those who stood to gain financially from their widespread adoption. Doctors, among the supposed beneficiaries, were usually more gimlet-eyed, not only about the extra demands this new technology might place on them, but also about how it might interfere with the doctor–patient relationship. " — "A fascinating story of the hype, achievements, and inevitable shortcomings of telehealth technology. . . . shows, science and technology alone will never be able to deliver a more just and equitable society. " — Science "Greene's new book chronicles the evolution of telemedicine. He makes the case that at various stages along the way of that evolution, telemedicine was seen as a panacea that was going to expand access and diminish disparities in the delivery of health care, but those promises remain promises largely unfulfilled. " — WYPR's Midday "Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, physician Greene converted his clinic to telemedicine, with mixed results. He became curious about the medical history of communications technology such as the telephone, invented in 1876. The 1910 'telephonic stethoscope' was hailed for monitoring hearts, lungs and abdomens. Yet it was no use to the numerous patients who lacked a telephone even decades later. This vibrant, highly readable, but US-focused history describes how many other technologies tried 'to democratize access to healthcare. '" — Nature "This volume offers a decades-long professional investigation of telemedicine, lately a victim of opportunistic post-COVID-19 lockdown days.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: 2 ng/ml of serum n = 5 P<0. 05; Figure 3D). 10 days after AIS, corticosterone levels continued to remain high, although the difference was no longer statistically significant (Control, 83. 8±26. 0 ng/ml of serum; n = 11; AIS+10d, 232. 9±78. 9 ng/ml of serum; n = 6; P>0. 05). Further, unlike did not cause any significant change in the percentage of body weight gain 1 day later (Control, 1. 31±0. 31%; n = 6; AIS+1d, 0. 93±0. 41%; n = 5; P>0. 05) (Table 1). This absence of any effect on body weight was also seen after 10 days (Control, 30. 26±1. 37%; n = 12; AIS + 10d, 17. 37±5. 39%; n = 6; P>0. 05) (Table 1). Taken together, it is only 1 day after CIS that we observed a significant effect of stress on body weight gain. DiscussionThis study explored two key facets of stress-induced modulation of BDNF expression in the hippocampus and amygdala – one in terms of region-specific differences, and the other in the temporal domain. Because BDNF regulates dendritic architecture and spines, both major targets of stress-induced structural plasticity, we hypothesized that the levels of BDNF expression would reflect the divergent effects of stress on the hippocampus and amygdala. To test this hypothesis, we used two very different paradigms of immobilization stress – an acute paradigm involving a single 2 h session (AIS) and a chronic version wherein the same 2-hour stress was repeated for 10 consecutive days (CIS). First, we tested whether chronic stress elicits changes in BDNF protein levels that parallel the contrasting patterns of dendritic remodeling observed previously in the amygdala and hippocampus. We report that the same CIS has strikingly opposite effects on BDNF expression one day after the end of CIS – it reduces BDNF in area CA3, while it increases BDNF in the BLA. This contrasting modulation was accompanied by a significant up-regulation in circulating corticosterone levels.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: It allows for precise modifications to improve crop yield and nutrient content. [SEP] Text: Use of fertilizers from both organic and inorganic origin not only elevate the nutrient status of soil (Pratt, 2008) but also bring about variation in physical, chemical and biological soil characteristics (Motavalli et al. , 2003). Rasheed et al. (2003) and Ahmad and Khan (2014) also reported that use of organic fertilizer in conjunction with inorganic NPK increased plant available nutrient content in soil. There was also another possible effect of FYM through releasing organic acids after microbial decomposition (Ayaga et al. , 2006) which could have solubilized soil P (Ahmad, 1999) and chelated Zn (Bhatti et al. , 1982; Barak and Helmke, 1993). study concluded that integrated use of 75% NPK+20 t FYM ha-1 produced better and economical yield of wheat grown under rain-fed conditions along with improved physical condition of the soil and its fertility status. If practiced in long term, it will reclaim degraded soil conditions through ameliorating its physical and chemical characteristics and thus will have favourable impact on the environment. Authors’ Contribution Prof. Dr. designed and managed the conduction of the experiment, Mr. was involved in field installation of the experiment, agronomic management and data collection, Dr. contributed in statistical analysis and manuscript writing and Mr. helped in data entry, storage and tabling and review collection. 2014. Remediation of past soil erosion effects through amendments and agronomic practices. J. Nat. Sci. Found. Sri. 42(1):45-62. Ahmad, W. , F. Khan and M. Naeem. 2014. Improvement of physical properties of eroded agricultural soils through agronomic management practices. Indian J. Agri. Sci. 84(7):850-855. Ahmad, W. , Z. Shah, F. Khan, S. Ali and W. Malik. 2013. Maize yield and soil properties as influenced by integrated use organic, inorganic and bio-fertilizers in low fertility soil. Soil Environ. 32(2):121-129. Ahmad, N. 1999. Integrated plant nutrient management an overview: status in Pakistan. p. 18-39. In: Proceedings of Symposium on Nutrition Management, held at NFDC, Islamabad. November 8-10, 1999.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Charging infrastructure for electric vehicles is expanding in many urban areas. [SEP] Text: However, electric vehicles face many disadvantages compared to conventional gasoline and diesel-powered vehicles, including high initial investment costs, limited driving range and especially a scarcity of available stations for recharging them. The popularity of electric vehicles in the future, more or less depends on the development of the infrastructure to serve this type of vehicle. Demand for electric vehicles is expected to increase over the next few years, it is still constrained by many factors especially battery cost and availability of charging station infrastructure. Investors are willing to invest in charging station infrastructure if and only if there is a sufficiently large number of electric vehicles in the network. To attract consumers to purchase and use electric vehicles, charging station infrastructure must be deployed in convenient locations that are coordinated with each other. A power battery is one of the most important components of electric vehicles and the fundamental challenge for electric vehicles is to ensure a suitable energy storage device capable of supporting high range, fast charging and efficient driving. With an increasing number of electric vehicles on the road, the implementation of an efficient and well-planned charging infrastructure is highly desirable. In order to gradually replace traditional means of transport and put electric vehicles into use on a large scales, the construction of electric vehicle charging facilities has received strong support from governments around the world and has been focused on by scientists. As the number of electric vehicles in the city increases, the optimal location of the charging station plays an important role in ensuring the efficient operation of electric vehicles. To solve this problem, there are many design parameters related to charging stations available in the electric vehicle network that need to be considered. These parameters need to be involved to determine the optimal electric vehicle fast-charging station infrastructure. These parameters typically include: location, level, size and capacity of charging stations. There are typically two different types of charging station configurations for electric vehicles: inter-city charging stations and intra-city charging stations. With inter-city charging stations required for electric vehicles to travel long distances, the electric vehicle will charge during the electric vehicle’s journey. In contrast, for intra-city or urban charging stations with short distance travels, the electric vehicle’s charging can be done when the electric vehicle finishes its journey. Different charging station locating approaches should be applied to the different charging demands. Advertisement 2. Literature reviewBattery electric vehicles have enjoyed fast-growing adoption in recent year, however a number of factors are restricting the development of electric vehicles [1].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: Second, in light of earlier reports on the unique temporal features of structural plasticity elicited in the amygdala by both chronic and acute stress, we tested whether changes in BDNF levels also exhibit distinct patterns across time in the two areas. We find that not only does CIS elevate BDNF levels in the BLA, but this increase lasts for at least 21 days after the end of CIS, which is consistent with earlier findings on CIS-induced dendritic hypertrophy in the BLA persisting for the same duration after stress. In area CA3, however, CIS-induced decrease in BDNF levels reverses to normal levels within the same post-stress period of 21 days. This in turn is consistent with the previously reported reversal of CA3 dendritic atrophy over the same time frame. However, levels of corticosterone remain elevated even after 21 days of recovery from stress. Finally, even acute immobilization stress (AIS) modulates BDNF expression differentially in the two brain areas. Exposure to AIS caused a trend in lower BDNF levels in the CA3 area one day later, but neither was this decrease statistically significant nor did it last for 10 days post-stress. In contrast, the same AIS caused a more robust increase in BDNF levels in the BLA that remained significantly above control levels even 10 days after AIS. Interestingly, according to an earlier study, AIS led to a delayed increase in BLA spine-density that was manifested 10 days, but not 1 day after AIS. However, we find the highest levels of BDNF in the BLA 1 day after AIS. Ten days after AIS, the BLA continues to express significantly higher levels of BDNF, albeit at levels that are lower than the 1-day time point. Thus, AIS appears to trigger a rise in BDNF relatively soon after stress that precedes the gradual build-up in spine-density in the BLA. Future studies will be necessary to examine if this initial peak in BDNF levels serves as an early signal for plasticity mechanisms that eventually culminates in delayed BLA spinogenesis 10 days later. The contrasting effects of stress on BDNF shed new light on earlier findings on the differential patterns of cellular changes elicited by chronic and acute stress in the amygdala versus hippocampus.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: It allows for precise modifications to improve crop yield and nutrient content. [SEP] Text: Javascript is disabled in your browser. Please enable Javascript to view PeerJ. Related research -of different ratios of nitrogen base fertilizer to topdressing on soil nitrogen form and enzyme activity in sugar beet under shallow drip irrigation View 10. 7717/peerj. 18219 Published 2024-10-14 Accepted 2024-09-11 Received 2024-05-06 beet, Nitrate nitrogen, Ammonium nitrogen, Soil enzyme activity, © 2024 Li et al. is an open access 2024. Effects of different ratios of nitrogen base fertilizer to topdressing on soil nitrogen form and enzyme activity in sugar beet under shallow drip irrigation. PeerJ 12:e18219 The authors have chosen to make the review history of this 9. 33 hectares, respectively, accounting for 60. 2% and 54. 45% of the total sugar beet planting area in China, respectively. Shallow drip irrigation is considered an advanced technology in irrigation, capable of enhancing soil enzyme activity to ultimately boost sugar beet yield and sugar content (Li et al. , 2024). Sugar beet, with its high biological yield, requires a substantial amount of fertilizer (Hergert, 2011; Stevanato et al. , 2015). A well-designed irrigation and fertilization system plays a crucial role in fostering the healthy, environmentally friendly, and sustainable growth of the sugar beet industry in Inner Mongolia. Nitrogen fertilizer significantly influences the yield and sugar content of sugar beets (Li et al. , 2023b; Wolfgang et al. , 2023). Unlike other crops, sugar beets require large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer to achieve high yields. Nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen are two common forms of nitrogen found in soil, and can reflect the nitrogen utilization of plants. The rapid growth period of leaves is the fastest above-ground growing stage of sugar beet and the growth period of roots and sugar is the fastest growing stage of the underground parts of sugar beet (Li et al. , 2019). Soil nutrients and enzymes play a crucial role in crop growth, with their synergistic effect enhancing crop nitrogen efficiency (Sun et al. , 2023; Yang et al. , 2022). Soil enzymes originate mainly from microorganisms and plant roots, as well as the enzymes released from plant and animal residues. Soil enzyme activity serves as a key indicator influencing soil nutrient cycling and provides an objective assessment of soil nutrient levels (Lu et al. , 2023; Han et al.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Charging infrastructure for electric vehicles is expanding in many urban areas. [SEP] Text: One of the typical limitations is that electric vehicles take a long time to charge. DC fast charging requires around half an hour to fill up to 80% of the battery capacity, whereas AC slow charging may take 6–8 h to fully recharge the battery [2]. In addition, electric vehicle charging piles are considered to be inconvenient and insuffïcient in number at present [3]. et al. [4] have proposed how to optimally locate public charging stations for electric vehicles on the road network, considering drivers’ spontaneous adjustments and interactions of travel and recharging decisions. This paper adopts a tour-based approach to analyze the complete tour of the driver that may consist of several trips in a pre-determined order, and assume that their drivers simultaneously decide tour paths and recharging plans to minimize the travel and recharging times while ensuring not running out of charge before completing their tours. The location model based on flow demand was first proposed by Hodgson, who developed a Flow-Model (FCLM) based on the maximum coverage. On this basis, Kuby considered the driving range of the vehicle and proposed the Flow-Model (FRLM) [5, 6], Model (CFRLM) that considers capacity constraints [7] and Deviation-(DFRLM) [8]. et al. [9] were extended the flow-refueling location model (FRLM) to the German autobahn, this model extension comprehends mainly the inclusion of the access distance for traffic participants to their closest network node. Traditionally, the FRLM has been formulated using a two-stage approach: the first stage generates combinations of locations capable of serving the round trip on each route, and then a mixed-integer programming is used to locate p facilities to maximize the flow refueled given the feasible combinations created in the first stage. et al. [10] presented a Mixed-Binary-(MBIP) formula, which is an improvement of FRLM. The FRLM and flexible reformulation FRLM () is used by et al. [11] to solve the large-scale transportation network problem within a reasonable time. Travel demand is the indispensable component to generate the travel routes of EVs, which provide the basic geographic information to locate charging stations. Several studies conducted the planning of EV charging stations with assumed traffic flow and network [12, 13, 14]. et al.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: Both in terms of the direction and temporal profile of these changes, the enhanced levels of BDNF elicited by chronic stress parallels the profile of dendritic growth and spinogenesis in the BLA. These findings are also significant in view of an earlier study demonstrating that transgenic overexpression of BDNF enhances spine-density in the BLA of mice [16]. BLA spinogenesis is also elicited by chronic stress. Importantly, transgenic overexpression of BDNF occludes chronic stress induced spinogenesis in the BLA. Together these findings suggest a role for BDNF in stress-induced structural plasticity in the amygdala. The results reported here also add to the earlier studies on region-specific differences showing stress-induced increase in BDNF expression in the hypothalamus [19] and the nucleus acumbens (NAc) [20] compared to decreased levels in the hippocampus. Further, the up-regulation of BDNF seen in the NAc after social-defeat stress persists for as long as 4 weeks, similar to the prolonged increase we see in the BLA [20]. The upregulation of BDNF reported earlier in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus occurs in response to both single 2 h as well as chronic 7 days of immobilization stress [19]. On the other hand, chronic stress-induced reduction of BDNF levels, and its reversal during stress-free recovery, mirrors earlier findings on reversible dendritic atrophy elicited by chronic stress in hippocampal area CA3. However, short episodes of acute stress lasting 15 min or 60 min induces a transient increase in BDNF mRNA levels in the hippocampus which is in sharp contrast to the decrease in BDNF mRNA expression seen in response to longer stress [21]. Together, these findings also highlight the importance of investigating the potential mechanisms that cause the same stress to have opposite effects on BDNF expression as well as the differential impact of variable durations of stress on BDNF levels. Exposure to stressful events leads to glucocorticoid release by the activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. The temporal profile of changes in corticosterone profile shows an initial rise 1 day after AIS which decreases 10 days later and returns to levels that are not significantly different from control levels.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: It allows for precise modifications to improve crop yield and nutrient content. [SEP] Text: , 2023; Boros-Lajszner, Wyszkowska & Kucharski, 2023). Application of nitrogen fertilizer can enhance soil enzyme activities. However, reducing nitrogen fertilizer dosage appropriately can boost soil protease and urease activities, thus regulating soil nitrogen transformation and facilitating nitrogen absorption by crops in the soil (Fu et al. , 2017). The activities of sucrose and urease, as well as maize yield, have also been shown to increase with nitrogen fertilizer application (Bai et al. , 2022). A previous study found that under saline-alkali stress, the enzyme activity of sugar beet soil significantly increased with nitrogen reduction (Lu et al. , 2022). Another study found an optimal amount of nitrogen fertilizer during the early growth stage of sugar beet can promote above-ground growth and provide a necessary ’source’ for root development and sugar accumulation (Li et al. , 2019). This study investigated the impact of soil nitrogen forms and soil enzyme activity on yield, sugar content, and nitrogen fertilizer efficiency in sugar beet cultivation. Some soil physiological indexes were found to maximize the nitrogen use efficiency of sugar beet. These results provide a theoretical basis for rational fertilization and improvement of nitrogen use efficiency in sugar beet production. Materials & description Field trials were performed in Hohhot city, Inner Mongolia, China (N40°46′22, E111°39′), at an altitude of 1,000 m. The average temperature in this area from April to October was 16 °C, and the total rainfall was 450 mm. The climatic conditions in this study were classified as temperate continental monsoon climate (Zhou et al. , 2022a). The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Academy of Agricultural & Sciences, with the soil being primarily clay loam. The specific soil nutrient content is shown in Table 1. Table 1: Soil nutrient status. mg/kg Alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogenmg/kg Availablephosphorus mg/kg Availablepotassium mg/kg OrganicMattermg/g Organic carbonmg/g pH 2020 290. 22 85. 35 53. 78 187. 2 27. 33 12. 56 8. 05 2021 275. 39 74. 67 37. 60 158. 1 20. 26 13. 35 7. 75 DOI: 10. 7717/peerj.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Charging infrastructure for electric vehicles is expanding in many urban areas. [SEP] Text: Then the selection of those candidate sites that fit the scenario goals was performed by GIS scripting. In fast-charging infrastructure location optimization method, the set of candidate sites Kj,kq (Eq. (5)) was combined with the vehicle traffic data from the EV trajectory was grouped into charging demand clusters through clustering analysis to determine the optimal locations for charging stations. 3. 3 Traffic congestion coefficientThe energy consumption of an electric vehicle depends not only on the distance it travels, but also on the density of vehicle traffic on the road. Traffic congestion at different times of the day plays an important part in the energy consumption of an electric vehicle. We use a traffic congestion coefficient [21] to analyze the interlink between traffic and energy consumption. This coefficient is calculated as the ratio of actual energy consumed by an electric vehicle to cover a certain distance during particular hour of the day, to the energy consumed by it during the same period to cover the same distance on an empty road under ideal conditions. The coefficient varies between 0 to 1, with 1 reflecting an empty road condition and 0 being standstill traffic. This traffic congestion coefficient might vary from place to place. This coefficient takes into consideration the energy loss due to frequent breaking and accelerating and extra energy consumed during vehicle ignition. All other minor inefficiencies are included in this coefficient. τ=dactdidcE6Where,τ: Traffic congestion coefficient. dact: Actual distance travellled by an electric vehicle. didc: Distance travellled by an electric vehicle under ideal condition. Before scheduling the next trip for EV, its state of charge has to be assessed to evaluate whether the remaining battery level is sufficient enough to take the next trip or to travel to the nearest charging station. A general equation for the distance that an EV can travel during a certain hour of the day can be derived as [22]:D=∑ii+1ISoCi−SoCmin×R×τiE7Where,D: Distance traveled over the operating period per day, (km). ISoCi: of Charge of the Battery at the start of an hour, (%). SoCmin: of Charge of the battery, (%). R: Range of an electric vehicle under ideal conditions, with low traffic and no obstacles, in a single charge, (km). τ: Coefficient. Advertisement 4.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: Thus, the variations in corticosterone levels reported here appear to depend on both the severity of the stress paradigm and time points of measurement after the termination of stress. Our observations are broadly consistent with earlier reports showing that the output of the HPA axis is influenced by the periodicity, intensity and degree of habituation of the stressor [22]–[26]. The reduction in hippocampal BDNF due to acute and chronic stress, in turn, is known to be mediated at least in part by stress-induced increase in glucocorticoids [10], [27]. Yet the same increase in corticosterone appears to be associated with enhanced BDNF levels in the BLA. Stress also leads to significant increase in extracellular levels of glutamate in the hippocampus and amygdala [28]–[30]. This suggests that although some of the immediate consequences of stress – elevated glucocorticoids and glutamate – are similar in both brain areas, they subsequently lead to contrasting patterns of BDNF expression and structural plasticity. This implies that signaling mechanisms more downstream of the initial changes in glucocorticoids and glutamate, but upstream of BDNF, may hold the key to the differential impact of stress in these brain areas. Importantly BDNF infusion into the hippocampus of stressed rodents helped to protect against the deleterious effects of stress despite high levels of circulating corticosterone [31]. This suggests that BDNF could be a final point of convergence for the stress induced effects in the hippocampus. BDNF-mediated signaling is involved in stress response but the direction and nature of signaling is region-specific, stress specific and is influenced by epigenetic modifications along with post translational modifications [32]. Thus, brain region specific variations in BDNF expression is a key question that requires further investigation. Moreover, a complex balance is maintained in BDNF-driven neuronal plasticity, based on the competition between BDNF-TrkB system and pro-BDNF-p75 system [33]. Interestingly, activation of TrkB and p75NTR promote and suppress dendritic spine growth respectively [33]. Since the findings presented here do not distinguish between TrkB and p75NTR, which are known to have opposing biological functions, future studies will be necessary to elucidate the impact of stress on these different forms in different brain regions. What may be the functional consequences of the divergent effects of stress on BDNF in the hippocampus and amygdala?

Output: pass


Input: Claim: It allows for precise modifications to improve crop yield and nutrient content. [SEP] Text: RSGP: The root and sugar growth period. Download full-size image DOI: 10. 7717/peerj. 18219/fig-1 Ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content was consistent during the rapid leaf growth period. In the root and sugar growth periods, as the ratio increased, the ammonium nitrogen in the 0–20 cm soil layer exhibited an upward trend. Specifically, the ammonium nitrogen content of N3 and N4 was 40. 89% and 49. 89% higher, respectively, than that of N0 in the rapid leaf growth period. However, there was no significant difference observed with the total base application of nitrogen fertilizer. The effect of ammonium nitrogen on the 40–60 cm soil layer was minimal. Effects of different ratios of nitrogen base fertilizer to topdressing on soil enzyme activity Soil protease serves as a crucial indicator of nitrogen availability within the soil profile. During the rapid leaf growth period, the soil protease activity in the 0–20 cm soil layer treated with N4 was notably higher than in the 0–20 cm soil layer treated with N0 and N1(Fig. 2). Conversely, in the root and sugar growth period, the soil protease activity in the 0–20 cm soil layer increased significantly as the ratios increased. Specifically, the soil protease activity of N3 and N4 was 28. 67% and 34. 48% higher, respectively, than that of N0 during the root and sugar growth period. Figure 2: Effects of different ratios of base fertilizer to topdressing on soil protease and urease activities. Different lowercase and uppercase letters indicate significant (P < 0. 05) differences. LRGP: The rapid leaf growth period. RSGP: The root and sugar growth period. Download full-size image DOI: 10. 7717/peerj. 18219/fig-2 Soil urease is an important factor reflecting soil nitrogen supply capacity. In the 0–20 cm soil layer, urease activity was notably affected by the ratio of nitrogen base fertilizer to topdressing during the rapid leaf growth period and root and sugar growth period. During the rapid leaf growth period, the urease activity of N3 and N4 was 31. 07% and 42. 84% higher, respectively, than that of N0 (Fig. 2). Soil catalase activity is a crucial indicator of plant stress resistance.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Electric vehicles are entirely maintenance-free compared to traditional cars. [SEP] Text: Electric vehicles: Enhancing the crash resistance of new, heavier cars Engineering & 2, 2024 Electric vehicles are heavier than conventional cars, which increases both the energy of potential crashes and risks to passengers. from Co. , Ltd. developed simple bow-shaped door and rear bumper beams to enhance passenger safety. The beams performed well in crash tests and computer simulations, with high energy absorption and less car body deformation. As we move into a landscape populated with heavier electric vehicles, Hasegawa’s team aims to ensure road safety for everyone. Safety and carbon neutrality are the top priorities for future automative technology. Technologies that reduce the damage to passengers through the combination of advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) to avoid accidents and reduce collision speeds, such as seat belts and airbags, are becoming more futuristic and optimised. Electric vehicles will be key to promoting a carbon-neutral society in the near future. These vehicles run on electricity stored in a battery and are heavier than standard cars because their battery components are heavier than conventional fuel tanks. Crashes involving heavier cars have higher collision energies that lead to much greater vehicular damage and pose higher risks for passengers. Safety first Over the years, manufacturers and policy-makers across the world have developed safety standards to ensure passengers are as protected as possible. The USA’s FMVSS301 standard describes a vehicle hitting a deformable barrier at 80km per hour to the rear bumper. On the other hand, the new standard was developed to describe a side-on car crash with a barrier that has a hardened front section. This can simulate the situation when the door penetrates the car body as it occurs in real accidents. This image is for illustrative purposes only and does not represent a Honda vehicle. For instance, in the case of FMVSS301 which targets rear-end collisions, as the non-collision side of a vehicle cannot absorb most of the energy from a crash, safety experts must explore innovative ways to better distribute this load across the car body. The protective features around a car should ideally absorb as much of the crash energy as possible while limiting vehicle deformation. Weight is another factor that plays into modern vehicle development. Lighter cars require less fuel, regardless of the type of fuel they use. This means researchers must address safety issues while also minimising vehicle weight, a key point when choosing the composition and structure of a protective feature.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: Growing evidence has linked growth of dendrites and spines in the BLA – caused either by stress or BDNF overexpression – to enhanced anxiety-like behavior [8], [15]. This is relevant in light of our results showing that the same time points when stress triggers higher anxiety is also when BDNF is elevated in the BLA. For instance, both anxiety and BDNF are increased 1 and 21 days after CIS. Interestingly, BDNF mRNA has been shown to be elevated transiently in the BLA 2 hours after cued fear conditioning and such a temporally restricted elevation of BDNF signaling is believed to be a key step in the formation of a cue-specific fear [34], [35]. In contrast, a more sustained up-regulation of BDNF in the BLA may underlie the pathological increase in fear and anxiety observed following stress [16]. Hippocampal memory and synaptic plasticity also depend on BDNF, and reduced levels of BDNF following chronic stress is consistent with a large body of evidence showing impairment of hippocampal function and loss of hippocampal volume caused by stress [36]–[39]. Further as hippocampal BDNF is critically involved in resilience to stress, any reduction can enhance vulnerability to stress [40]. Therefore, the opposite effects on BDNF in the amygdala and hippocampus may provide a molecular basis for the contrasting behavioral effects of stress on memories encoded by these two brain areas. Moreover, these two brain areas differ not only in their response to stress, but also in how they regulate the stress response. While the hippocampus exerts a negative feedback regulation of the stress response via the HPA axis, the amygdala has the opposite effect [41]. Therefore, the differential effects on BDNF in these two brain regions following stress could lead to an imbalance in HPA axis function through a gradual loss of hippocampal inhibitory control as well as a gain in excitatory control exerted by the amygdala. The regional differences in the pattern of BDNF expression triggered by stress also pose a significant challenge for pharmacological interventions aimed at countering the effects of stress on the amygdala and hippocampus. Therefore, elucidation of the mechanisms behind the differential effects of stress on BDNF in the hippocampus and amygdala is likely to provide useful insights into novel therapeutic interventions against stress-related psychiatric disorders that are characterized by impaired cognitive function and abnormally high fear and anxiety. Author ContributionsConceived and designed the experiments: HL SC. Performed the experiments: HL.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: It allows for precise modifications to improve crop yield and nutrient content. [SEP] Text: This experiment found no significant difference in catalase activity among different soil treatments during two distinct growth periods (Fig. 3). Figure 3: Effects of different ratios of base fertilizer to topdressing on soil catalase and sucrase activities. Download full-size image DOI: 10. 7717/peerj. 18219/fig-3 Soil sucrose activity plays a vital role in the soil carbon cycle. Notably, in the 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm soil layers during the rapid lead growth period, soil treated with N3 and N4 exhibited significantly higher sucrose activity than the soil treated with N0. Specifically, sucrose activity was 15. 73% and 18. 01% higher in the 0-20 cm layer for N3 and N4, respectively, than in N0 (Fig. 3). No significant differences were observed among the other treatments. Effects of different ratios of nitrogen base fertilizer to topdressing on yield, sugar content, and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (AEN) of sugar beet The results from this two-year experiment demonstrated a positive correlation between nitrogen base fertilizer to topdressing ratio and sugar beet yield. In 2020, the yields of N1, N2, N3, and N4 were 3. 01%, 4. 91%, 7. 86%, and 6. 09% higher than N0, respectively (Table 2). Among these, the N3 treatment exhibited the highest yield. The sugar content decreased as the nitrogen base fertilizer to topdressing ratio increased, with the lowest sugar content observed in the N4 treatment. Additionally, the sugar yield of N3 was significantly higher than that of N0, showing a 6. 86% increase. There were no significant differences between the other treatments. N3 also had the highest AEN, with significant increases of 43. 83% and 23. 17% compared to N0 and N1, respectively. These findings were consistent between field trials conducted in 2020 and 2021. Table 2: Effects of different base to topdressing ratio of nitrogen fertilizer on yield, sugar content of sugar beet, and AEN. Yield kg/ha Sugar content% Sugar yieldkg/ha AEN 2020 N0 68,046. 08 ± 1,898. 57 c 16. 40 ± 0. 06 a 11,159. 95 ± 339. 52 b 81. 37 ± 12. 66 c N1 70,093.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Cryptocurrencies have gained popularity as alternative forms of investment. [SEP] Text: Αντίθετα, κοινό χαρακτηριστικό μεταξύ των παραδοσιακών μεθόδων της χρηματοοικονομικής, τραπεζικής, νομισματικής είναι ότι διαπραγματεύονται σε κεντρικοποιημένες και καλά ρυθμιζόμενες πρωτογενείς και δευτερογενείς αγορές χρήματος και κεφαλαίου, ήτοι χρηματιστήρια αξιών και αγορές συναλλάγματος.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: Proceedings of the of Sciences 103: 13208–13213. View 17. (1995) Neurotrophins regulate dendritic growth in developing visual cortex. Neuron 15: 791–803. View 18. (1999) Neurotrophins and synaptic plasticity. of Neuroscience 22: 295–318. View 19. (1995) Stress increases brain-derived neurotropic factor messenger ribonucleic acid in the hypothalamus and pituitary. Endocrinology 136: 3743–3750. View 20. (2006) of BDNF in the Pathway in Stress. Science 311: 864–868. View 21. Marmigère -(2003) Rapid induction of BDNF expression in the hippocampus during immobilization stress challenge in adult rats. Hippocampus 13: 646–655. View 22. (1988) Plasma corticosterone levels during repeated presentation of two intensities of restraint stress: Chronic stress and habituation. Physiology & Behavior 43: 47–55. View 23. (1992) A chronic stress state in rats: Effects of repeated stress on basal corticosterone and behavior. Physiology & Behavior 51: 689–698. View 24. García A, Martí O, Vallès A, Dal-Zotto S, (2000) Recovery of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-to Stress. Neuroendocrinology 72: 114–125. View 25. Márquez C, Belda X, (2002) Post-stress recovery of pituitary-adrenal hormones and glucose, but not the response during exposure to the stressor, is a marker of stress intensity in highly stressful situations. 926: 181–185. View 26. (1998) Correlational relationship between shock intensity and corticosterone secretion on the establishment and subsequent expression of contextual fear conditioning. 112: 885–891. View 27. de Kloet ER, (1997) Corticosterone regulates expression of BDNF and trkB but not NT-3 and trkC mRNA in the rat hippocampus. Journal of 48: 334–341. View 28. -Behrens B, (1994) Glucocortcoids mediate the stress-induced extracellular accumulation of glutamate. 655: 251–254. View 29. McEwen BS (1999) Stress and hippocampal plasticity.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: It allows for precise modifications to improve crop yield and nutrient content. [SEP] Text: Furthermore, a strong positive correlation was found between sugar yield and soil urease activity. This study also identified a significant positive correlation between soil nitrate and protease activity, as well as a positive correlation between protease and urease activity in the soil. Figure 4: Correlation of crop yield and sugar content of sugar beet with soil nitrogen form and enzyme activity. Download full-size image DOI: 10. 7717/peerj. 18219/fig-4 fertilizer affects the yield and sugar content of sugar beet. Excessive nitrogen application during the later stages of sugar beet growth can disrupt the transition of sugars within the plant, impacting both sugar beet yield and sugar content. Previous studies showed that the amount of nitrogen applied during the growth period of sugar beet was 150 kg/ha (Li et al. , 2019). This study sought to identify the best way to apply nitrogen fertilizer according to the growth period of sugar beet to maximize nitrogen use efficiency. Since nitrogen fertilizer can increase the yield of sugar beet, but also reduce the sugar content, sugar yield was used to determine the optimal nitrogen base fertilizer to topdressing ratio. Fertilization can significantly affect the enzyme activity in soil (Zhao et al. , 2022). Enzymes are involved in the development of soil nutrients and are biologically active proteins in the soil (Li et al. , 2023a; Dong et al. , 2024). Soil enzyme activity can vary significantly depending on soil texture and the specific crop species (Song et al. , 2023). The impact of nitrogen application on soil enzyme activity also varies by soil type (Ullah et al. , 2023a). Soil enzyme activity plays a critical role in influencing soil microbial activity (Qu et al. , 2023). The application of organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer has been shown to increase the activities of sucrose, urease, and protease in the soil (Huang et al. , 2023). Soil protease plays a key role in converting amino acids, proteins, and other nitrogen-containing organic compounds in the soil, with its hydrolyzed products serving as nitrogen sources for plants. This study revealed a significant increase in soil protease levels with higher nitrogen base fertilizer to topdressing ratios during the root and sugar growth periods. Soil urease is a crucial indicator of soil nitrogen supply capacity, with its activity directly impacting the nitrogen balance in soil. Research by Tahir et al.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Cryptocurrencies have gained popularity as alternative forms of investment. [SEP] Text: Το κεφάλαιο συμπεραίνει όμως πως η απουσία εσωτερικού χρήματος (inside money) λόγω της απουσίας δραστηριοτήτων χαρτοφυλακίου (portfolio management activities) δεν επιτρέπει την περαιτέρω διείσδυση των κρυπτονομισμάτων στις αγορές κεφαλαίου όπου τα παραδοσιακά πιστωτικά ιδρύματα θα συνεχίζουν να κυριαρχούν. Παράλληλα, επεξηγεί θεωρητικά (διαγραμματικά) των τρόπο ισορροπίας των συναρτήσεων προσφοράς και ζήτησης των κρυπτονομισμάτων για κάθε κατηγορία (asset class).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: In industrial large scale bio-reactions micro-organisms are generally exposed to a variety of environmental stresses, which might be detrimental for growth and productivity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role among the common stress factors–directly-through incomplete reduction of O2 during respiration, or indirectly-caused by other stressing factors. or L-ascorbic acid acts as a scavenger of ROS, thereby potentially protecting cells from harmful oxidative products. While most eukaryotes synthesize ascorbic acid, yeast cells produce erythro-ascorbic acid instead. The actual importance of this antioxidant substance for the yeast is still a subject of scientific debate. Methodology/We set out to enable Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells to produce ascorbic acid intracellularly to protect the cells from detrimental effects of environmental stresses. We report for the first time the biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid from D-glucose by metabolically engineered yeast cells. The amount of L-ascorbic acid produced leads to an improved robustness of the recombinant cells when they are subjected to stress conditions as often met during industrial fermentations. Not only resistance against oxidative agents as H2O2 is increased, but also the tolerance to low pH and weak organic acids at low pH is increased. Conclusions/platform provides a new tool whose commercial applications may have a substantial impact on bio-industrial production of Vitamin C. Furthermore, we propose S. cerevisiae cells endogenously producing vitamin C as a cellular model to study the genesis/protection of ROS as well as genotoxicity. Citation: (2007) Biosynthesis of by to Resistance. 2(10): e1092. Editor: Christophe Herman, of Medicine, of AmericaReceived: August 21, 2007; Accepted: October 9, 2007; Published: October 31, 2007Copyright: © 2007 Branduardi et al. This is an open-access 1. Ascorbic acid biosynthetic pathway. Schematic representation of the pathway of L-AA production from D-glucose in plants. The following enzymes are involved: A, hexokinase (2. 7. 1. 1), B, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (5. 3. 1. 9), C, mannose-6-phosphate isomerase (5. 3. 1.

Output: pass