Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: При рецензуванні наукових статей рецензенти зобов'язані: - звертати увагу на актуальність досліджуваної наукової проблеми; - охарактеризувати теоретичну чи/та прикладну значимість дослідження; - оцінити, як співвідносяться висновки автора з існуючими науковими концепціями. - оцінити особистий внесок автора у вирішення досліджуваної проблеми.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Environmental DNA (eDNA) is used to detect the presence of species in water bodies and ecosystems by analyzing genetic material in the environment. [SEP] Text: Given that we designed our MOL16S assay specifically for molluscs, this is not surprising; however, results show that some non-molluscan taxa including bryozoans, annelids, rotifers, and chordates also amplified. Without our fish blocking primer to reduce amplification of fish DNA, the number of fish reads also was not unexpected, however, we did not anticipate the amplification of those other taxa. Morphological identification of other taxonomic groups at the collection site was highest for fishes and arthropods (mainly insects) (S1 File). The morphological survey failed to discern sphaeriid clams or pleurocerid snails (from the Physella and Elimia genera) to species level, whereas our molecular assays identified them to species level (Table 9) (Fig 4). Interestingly the molecular assay found quagga mussel D. rostriformis in water samples at river miles 26. 7 and 58. 1, while the morphological survey did not record this species (Table 9). Furthermore, DNA from the European stream valve snail Valvata piscninalis was detected from river mile 58. 1, but not detected visually in sampling. Some sequences were identified as belonging to the snail Radix swinhoei by our MOL16S molecular assay. species of snail has not been noted on watch lists as a potential invasive; however, upon further investigation including a BLAST search of the referenced OTU (GenBank accession number KP279638), the reference OTU sequence was closer to Physella acuta (a snail) than to other Radix species, indicating that the original Radix swinhoei GenBank entry (gb|KP279638) was incorrect. Thus we believe the correct identification of our reads for this OTU was P. acuta, which is a common snail species found in the sampling region, and not R. swinhoei. The morphological survey was able to discern one to three species of unionid mussels across the three water samples, whereas the MOL16S assay did not detect them. Finally, our water blank sample had 71 reads, eight of those being singletons with the remaining belonging to Sphaerium striatinum (Table 9), likely due to amplicon contamination in the lab.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 그리고 불안수면 증상이 매우 흔한 수면장애 증상임에도 그 자체가 하나의 질환으로 이해되기보다는 대부분 다른 수면장애나 내과적 또는 정신과적 질환에 의한 이차적인 증상 정도로 이해되어 왔고 특히 소아청소년에서는 과잉행동의 문제로 인식되어 왔다[6,7].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: - зазначити відповідність стилю, логіки і доступності викладу наукового матеріалу, зробити висновок про достовірність і обґрунтованість висновків. При достатніх підставах статті можуть бути скеровані на додаткове рецензування. Підставами для додаткового рецензування можуть бути: - заявлена рецензентом недостатня кваліфікація в питаннях, що розглядаються у статті; - дискусійність положень, представлених у статті.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Environmental DNA (eDNA) is used to detect the presence of species in water bodies and ecosystems by analyzing genetic material in the environment. [SEP] Text: Download: PPTPowerPoint slidePNGlarger imageTIFForiginal imageFig 4. Pie charts comparing the molecular and morphological/ visual species identification methods from three different water samples taken on the Maumee River. Download: PPTPowerPoint slidePNGlarger imageTIFForiginal imageTable 9. Number of reads per OTU identified at 97% similarity via BLAST search of water samples. Discussion MOL16S assay with mock community samples This study shows that careful primer design and testing reduces amplification bias in target amplicon sequencing, allowing for the inference of relative abundances among targeted taxa from high-throughput sequences of eDNA samples. Results from the mock communities support the hypothesis that the number of sequence reads correlates with the relative amounts of DNA initially put into the sample for each OTU. Although our MOL16S primer set is not specific to molluscs, it provides useful relative abundance measurements for the targeted group. The MOL16S primer set also amplifies some vertebrate and non-target invertebrate species. In fact after development of this marker, further research found that our forward MOL16S primer overlaps a previously designed primer used by Karlsson and Holmund [48] for forensic identification of mammal species. Thus we believe that this region of 16S may be very useful for development of eDNA assays that aim for species level identification. We also showed that our fish blocking primer successfully reduced the amplification of added walleye DNA in the mock communities. Interestingly, it was not reads from fishes that dominated our river samples as we expected, but rather reads from rotifers and bryozoans. Designing blocking primers for these taxa will decrease their amplification. Alternatively, this primer set may be very useful for efforts targeting these other taxa. SPH16S assay with mock community samples Results from our SPH16S sphaeriid specific assay also demonstrated its ability to reflect relative abundance of the targeted species in a sample. Furthermore, and perhaps even more useful, these primers were shown to be extremely specific to the Sphaeriidae family, amplifying and identifying solely the target species in both the mock communities and the eDNA samples.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 하지만 실제 소아청소년에서 수면 중 잦은 움직임과 각성, 비회복 수면, 불안수면 정도를 평가해보면 유난히 불안수면 증상을 보이지만 다른 수면장애 진단 기준에는 부합되지 않아 특정 수면장애로 진단할 수 없고, 뚜렷한 분류 기준이 없어 정확한 진단과 치료가 어려운 환자군이 존재한다는 점을 연구자들은 경험해왔다[8,9].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: Редакція надсилає автору (авторам) публікації копію рецензії (не вказуючи рецензента) або мотивовану відмову. Форма рецензування З формою рецензування можна ознайомитися за посиланням. Етичні зобов’язання редакційної колегії журналу. Етика публікацій. Редакційна етика: Редакція збірника дотримується стандартів редакційної етики, що відповідають міжнародним етичним правилам публікації наукових праць.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Environmental DNA (eDNA) is used to detect the presence of species in water bodies and ecosystems by analyzing genetic material in the environment. [SEP] Text: Given the difficulty of morphological identification in this group, a concerted effort between sphaeriid taxonomists and molecular systematists would increase the amount of 16S sequence data from morphologically verified sphaeriid clams in genetic databases. Ultimately such an effort would enable biologists to then use the SPH16S marker as a mini-barcode for sphaeriid clams, thereby enhancing survey and monitoring efforts for this bivalve family. eDNA samples Results from eDNA (water) samples with our two assays show an improvement over morphological surveys for bivalve and snail species identifications. In the aquaria trials, the MOL16S assay detected all bivalve taxa that were housed in the tank except for C. fluminea, which, at the time of water sampling, were buried in the tank substrate. We believe that any DNA shed by individuals of this species was less likely to enter the water column, thus reducing their detectability. Had we sampled the substrate, we likely would have had a better chance at detecting C. fluminea. Environmental DNA is not distributed homogenously in the environment, and species habitat p10. 1371/journal. pone. 0177643. s001(XLSX) S1 Table. List of targeted species for the Sphaeriidae SPH16S assay. * indicates invasive species whose extractions were used to test primers in vitro. Ŧ indicates native or non-invasive species also used to test primers. Parentheses indicate unique OTUs for the SPH16S amplicon, the number inside the parentheses represents the number of sequences belonging to that OTU. S2 Table. Collection information for each of the samples used for the mock communities and primer design. S3 Table. Collection information for additional samples used for primer design. S4 Table. Number of reads, merged reads and exact match trimmed reads of the mock community samples. S5 Table. Number of reads, merged reads and processed reads of the eDNA samples. S6 Table. Number of reads per OTU identified below 97% similarity via BLAST search of aquaria samples. S7 Table. Number of reads per OTU identified below 97% similarity via BLAST search of samples. 4616. Conceptualization:. Data curation:. Formal analysis:. Funding acquisition: CAS. Investigation:. Methodology:.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 그리고 연구를 통해 불안수면 증상이 다른 수면장애나 내과적 또는 정신과적 질환에 의한 이차적인 증상일 수도 있지만, 그러한 동반 질환 없이 불안수면이 핵심적인 특징적 증상으로 나타나는 일차성 수면장애가 존재한다는 결과와 함께 불안수면장애(restless sleep disorder)라는 새로운 진단과 기준이 최근 소개되었다[11].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: Редакція стверджує, що при виданні збірника не мали місця зловживання (недобросовісність) у відносинах між усіма учасниками видавничого процесу: авторами, редакторами та рецензентами.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Environmental DNA (eDNA) is used to detect the presence of species in water bodies and ecosystems by analyzing genetic material in the environment. [SEP] Text: Project administration:. Resources: CAS. Software:. Supervision: CAS. Validation:. Visualization:. Writing – original draft:. Writing – review & editing:. 1. . Species detection using environmental DNA from water samples. Biol Lett. 2008;4(4):423–5. pmid:18400683 View 2. . From molecules to management: adopting DNA-based methods for monitoring biological invasions in aquatic environments. Environ Res. 2011;111(7):978–88. pmid:21353670 View 3. Simberloff D. Biological invasions: What's worth fighting and what can be won? Ecological Engineering. 2014;65:112–21. View 4. . “Sight-unseen” detection of rare aquatic species using environmental DNA. Conservation Letters. 2011;4(2):150–7. View 5. . Improved detection of an alien invasive species through environmental DNA barcoding: the example of the American bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus. Journal of Applied Ecology. 2012;49(4):953–9. View 6. . Quantifying environmental DNA signals for aquatic invasive species across multiple detection platforms. Technol. 2014;48(21):12800–6. pmid:25299381 View 7. . Estimation of fish biomass using environmental DNA. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e35868. pmid:22563411 View 8. . Environmental conditions influence eDNA persistence in aquatic systems. Technol. 2014;48(3):1819–27. pmid:24422450 View 9. . Quantifying effects of UV-B, temperature, and pH on eDNA degradation in aquatic microcosms. Biological Conservation. 2015;183:85 92. View 10. . Effects of Temperature and on Degradation of Environmental DNA in Lake Water. Technol. 2016;50(4):1859–67. pmid:26771292 View 11. deWaard JR. Biological identifications through DNA barcodes. Sci. 2003;270(1512):313–21. pmid:12614582 View 12. Taberlet Pierre; Coissac EH, Mehrdad Riesberg Loren H. Environemntal DNA. Molecular Ecology. 2012;2012(21):5.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 그리고 이 환자들의 비디오 수면다원검사 결과에서는 불안수면장애 환자에서 대조군에 비해 감소된 총 수면 시간과 증가된 각성 횟수를 보였으며, 하지불안증후군 환자에서 나타나는 다리의 움직임은 증가하지 않았음을 보여주었다[10,12]. 그리고 이러한 초기 연구의 특징을 근거로 수면 센터에서 수면다원검사를 시행한 250명의 환자에서 불안수면 장애의 유병률을 분석한 결과 7. 7%로 나타나 폐쇄성 수면무호흡(44.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: Правила етики для авторів: працювати в повній відповідності до редакційної політики збірника з урахуванням актуальних юридичних вимог щодо авторського права, плагіату тощо; надавати достовірні результати виконаної роботи за оригінальним дослідженням і об'єктивне представлення його значущості; не публікувати матеріал, присвячений одному і тому ж дослідженню, більш ніж в одному журналі як оригінальну публікацію; гарантувати повну оригі

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Environmental DNA (eDNA) is used to detect the presence of species in water bodies and ecosystems by analyzing genetic material in the environment. [SEP] Text: View 13. . Detection of a diverse marine fish fauna using environmental DNA from seawater samples. PloS One. 2012;7(8):e41732. pmid:22952584 View 14. . Using environmental DNA to census marine fishes in a large mesocosm. PLoS One. 2014;9(1):e86175. pmid:24454960 View 15. MiFish, a set of universal PCR primers for metabarcoding environmental DNA from fishes: detection of more than 230 subtropical marine species. R Sci. 2015;2(7):150088. pmid:26587265 View 16. In silico assessment of primers for eDNA studies using PrimerTree and application to characterize the biodiversity surrounding the Cuyahoga River. Sci Rep. 2016;6:22908. pmid:26965911 View 17. Quantification of mesocosm fish and amphibian species diversity via environmental DNA metabarcoding. Resour. 2016;16(1):29–41. pmid:26032773 View 18. Group CPW. A DNA barcode for land plants. . 2009;106(31):12794–7. pmid:19666622 View 19. Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region as a universal DNA barcode marker for Fungi. . 2012;109(16):6241–6. pmid:22454494 View 20. . Universal primers and PCR of gut contents to study marine invertebrate diets. Mol Ecol. 2005;14(3):891–9. pmid:15723681 View 21. - Ultrasequencing of the meiofaunal biosphere: practice, pitfalls and promises. Mol Ecol. 2010;19 Suppl 1:4–20. View 22. . Environmental monitoring using next generation sequencing: rapid identification of macroinvertebrate bioindicator species. Front Zool. 2013;10(1):45. pmid:23919569 View 23. - Persistence of environmental DNA in freshwater ecosystems. PLoS One. 2011;6(8):e23398. pmid:21858099 View 24. . A minimalist barcode can identify a specimen whose DNA is degraded. Notes. 2006;6(4):959–64. View 25. .

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 0%), 사건수면(13. 0%), 하지불안증후군(10. 0%), 주기성 사지운동장애(9. 3%) 다음으로 높은 빈도를 보여 드물지 않은 수면장애임을 보여주었다[13]. 이후 후속 연구를 통해 밤새 움직임이 계속 나타난다는 부모의 진술을 근거로 비디오 수면다원검사에서 기록된 신체 움직임을 연구자들이 직접 비디오로 확인하고 분석하여 총 움직임 지수(total movement index)를 계산하였다[12].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: нальність представленого матеріалу.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Environmental DNA (eDNA) is used to detect the presence of species in water bodies and ecosystems by analyzing genetic material in the environment. [SEP] Text: ecoPrimers: inference of new DNA barcode markers from whole genome sequence analysis. Res. 2011;39(21):e145. pmid:21930509 View 26. Handley LL. How will the 'molecular revolution' contribute to biological recording? of the Linnean Society. 2015;115:17. View 27. . Estimating occupancy and abundance of stream amphibians using environmental DNA from filtered water samples. of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 2013;70(8):1123–30. View 28. Biodiversity soup: metabarcoding of arthropods for rapid biodiversity assessment and biomonitoring. Methods in Ecology and Evolution. 2012;3(4):613–23. View 29. . DNA metabarcoding and the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I marker: not a perfect match. Biol Lett. 2014;10(9). View 30. - New primers to amplify the fungal ITS2 region—evaluation by 454-sequencing of artificial and natural communities. . 2012;82(3):666–77. pmid:22738186 View 31. . (). 2012. Available from: 32. US of Engineers. report: Non-native Species of Concern and for the Interbasin Study. 2014. Available from: 33. US Agency. Introductions of to the Great Lakes. 2009. Available from: 305003 34. . The simple fool's guide to PCR. 2002. View 35. Edgar RC. : a multiple sequence alignment method with reduced time and space complexity. BMC Bioinformatics. 2004;5:113 pmid:15318951 View 36. Vestheim H, Jarman SN. Blocking primers to enhance PCR amplification of rare sequences in mixed samples—a case study on prey DNA in Antarctic krill stomachs. Front Zool. 2008;5:12. pmid:18638418 View 37. Zentilin L, Giacca M. Competitive PCR for precise nucleic acid quantification. Nat Protoc. 2007;2(9):2092–104. pmid:17853864 View 38. P84. View 39. Ohio EPA. Biological and water quality study of the and the 2012-2013. 2014. 40.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 연구 결과 하지불안증후군 환자와 대조군에 비해 불안수면장애 환자군에서 전신 움직임, 팔의 움직임, 또는 다리의 움직임이 증가한 것을 확인하였고 이는 비교적 큰 신체의 움직임이었으며 주기성 사지운동장애와 확실하게 구분되는 것이었다(Fig. 1) [12].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: У разі використання робіт або тверджень інших авторів, надаватися відповідні бібліографічні посилання або цитати; дотримуватися правил самоцитування, а саме: якщо елементи матеріалу раніше були опубліковані в іншій статті, автор зобов'язаний послатися на більш ранню роботу і вказати суттєва відмінність нової роботи від попередньої; не допускати плагіат в будь-яких формах; гарантувати, що переданий для публікації матеріал не порушу�

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Environmental DNA (eDNA) is used to detect the presence of species in water bodies and ecosystems by analyzing genetic material in the environment. [SEP] Text: Javascript is disabled in your browser. Please enable Javascript to view PeerJ. Related research -and visual encounter surveys for amphibian biomonitoring in aquatic environments of the View 10. 7717/peerj. 15455 Published 2023-07-11 Accepted 2023-05-03 Received 2022-07-04 amphibians, Monitoring, Freshwater, Biodiversity, Traditional methods, Amazon region, eDNA method Copyright © 2023 Quilumbaquin et al. is an open access 2023. Environmental DNA and visual encounter surveys for amphibian biomonitoring in aquatic environments of the Ecuadorian Amazon. PeerJ 11:e15455 The authors have chosen to make the review history of this 0. 42 CI [0. 40–0. 45], while VES recorded 20 species with a DP of 0. 17 CI [0. 14–0. 20]. Similarly, using VES, Cochranella resplendens was detected for the first time in TRMB, while with eDNA, four mountain frogs Pristimantis acerus, Pristimantis eriphus, Pristimantis mallii, and Pristimantis sp. (15591) previously recorded at 1,518 m. a. s. l. at altitudes below 600 m. a. s. l. were detected. obtained in this study showed that eDNA-based detection had a greater capacity to detect amphibians in aquatic environments compared to VES. The combination of VES and eDNA improves the sensitivity of species detection and provides more reliable, robust, and detailed information. The latter is essential for developing conservation strategies in the Ecuadorian Amazon. ecosystems provide ecosystem services, such as local climate regulation, carbon capture, nutrient cycling, food production, and more (Celi & Villamarín, 2020; Céréghino et al. , 2014). They harbor populations of diverse taxonomic groups that form complex ecological networks threatened by anthropogenic activities and climate change (Cushing & Allan, 2009; Hassall, 2014). The case of amphibians is alarming from an ecological and conservation perspective because species that were once frequently observed are now uncommon and endangered (Ortega-Andrade et al. , 2021).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 그리고 각 환자의 모든 움직임을 합산하여 총 수면 시간으로 나누어 총 움직임 지수를 계산한 결과 하지불안증후군 환자 및 대조군에 비해 불안수면장애 환자에서 그 수치가 유의하게 높았고 총 신체 움직임 지수가 5 이상인 경우 100%의 정확도로 대조군과 구분됨을 확인하여 해당 내용이 최근 발표된 진단 기준에 반영되었다[11,12].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: � авторських прав.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Environmental DNA (eDNA) is used to detect the presence of species in water bodies and ecosystems by analyzing genetic material in the environment. [SEP] Text: Moreover, several of them still need to be described taxonomically (Pereira, 2014), indicating the urgent need to study them to understand their role and importance in the environment to determine conservation and/or restoration actions and their potential biomedical applications (Ortega-Andrade et al. , 2021; Stuart et al. , 2004; Ron, Merino & Ortiz, 2019). Traditional metrics for monitoring species diversity and amphibian community composition are based on data generated by classical techniques such as visual encounter surveys (VES), traps, and bioacoustic recordings (Heyer et al. , 2001; Aguirre León, 2009; Bosch & García Padrón, 2017). Applying these techniques requires expertise in the identification, multiple visits to the study sites, and many working hours. Moreover, regions with high biodiversity experience a reduction in detection sensitivity, especially when dealing with species with low population density (Heyer et al. , 2001; Brozio et al. , 2017). These factors complicate the efficient development of amphibian biomonitoring, detection, and conservation strategies (Brozio et al. , 2017; Barata, Griffiths & Ridout, 2017; Lopes et al. , 2017). Environmental DNA (eDNA)-based techniques can be implemented to address these problems. Due to its simplicity and power, eDNA has generated much interest in biodiversity monitoring programs as an alternative or complement to traditional inventory methods (Barata, Griffiths & Ridout, 2017; Bohmann et al. , 2014; Taberlet et al. , 2018). The eDNA technique involves the capture and analysis of cells and traces of free DNA present in the environment (“eDNA”) for the non-invasive detection and monitoring of various organisms (Bohmann et al. , 2014; Pedersen et al. , 2015). All living organisms, independent of their size, shape, or ecological niche, release DNA molecules into the environment intracellularly or extracellularly through feces, gametes, skin cells, etc. (Taberlet et al. , 2018; Roh et al. , 2006; Harper et al. , 2019). Environmental samples from soil, water, or air thus contain valuable information about ecosystem compositions and dynamics.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 주간 증상 및 동반 질환을 비교했을 때 하지불안증후군이나 주기성 사지운동장애 환자에 비해 불안수면장애 환자에서 주간 졸음 증상(앱워스 졸림 척도 10점 이상)이 더 심했고 삶의 질이 더 저하되었으며, 만성 동반 질환이 더 적은 경향을 보였다[10,14]. 또한 혈액 검사상 불안수면장애 환자의 ferritin 수치는 평균 20 μg/L 정도로 낮게 나타났으며 하지불안증후군 환자(평균 30 μg/L)보다 더 낮은 수치를 보였다[10].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: Правила етики для редакторів: працювати в повній відповідності до редакційної політики збірника з урахуванням актуальних юридичних вимог щодо авторського права, плагіату тощо; у стислий термін розглядати надіслані до публікації матеріали; не припускати дискримінації при оцінюванні представлених авторами матеріалів; поважати інтелектуальну власність авторів; не порушувати вимогу про двостороннє анонімне рецензування (не розкривати авторам о

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Environmental DNA (eDNA) is used to detect the presence of species in water bodies and ecosystems by analyzing genetic material in the environment. [SEP] Text: Due to recent advances in sample preparation (new kits and laboratory devices) and the development of more affordable next-generation sequencing technologies, such as MinION from Technologies (ONT), genetic analysis is more reasonable and accessible than ever before (Harper et al. , 2019; Maestri et al. , 2019). Worldwide, the efficiency of the eDNA-based technique has been evaluated for monitoring invasive species (Van der heyden et al. , 2021; Riascos et al. , 2018), endangered species (Brozio et al. , 2017), and species with low population density (Lopes et al. , 2017). In aquatic environments, the use of the eDNA method has focused on the biomonitoring of fishes (Shaw et al. , 2016; Evans et al. , 2017) and amphibians (Lopes et al. , 2017; Ficetola, Manenti & Taberlet, 2019), as these organisms are relatively easier to detect because they can produce and release more DNA into the environment than others (Taberlet et al. , 2018; Harper et al. , 2019; Valentini et al. , 2016). The application of eDNA for monitoring amphibians in aquatic environments is constantly growing (Harper et al. , 2019; Wang et al. , 2021; Sasso et al. , 2017). This is due to the accessibility and availability of the sample (water), its applicability in different types of water bodies (i. e. , pond, lake, river, or sea), and its potential to identify species individually or the abundance of several species in complex ecosystems (Taberlet et al. , 2018; Valentini et al. , 2016; Baetens, 2019; Takahashi et al. , 2020). These characteristics make it an ideal technique for biomonitoring in areas rich in water sources and high amphibian biodiversity, such as the Ecuadorian Amazon. River basin, located in the province of Napo in the Ecuadorian Amazon, is home to a wealth of water resources. Its two main rivers are the Tena (forming the micro-basin, TRMB) and the Pano. Both have tributaries that cover a drainage area of about 235 km2 (Hurtado-Pidal et al. , 2020).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 발병 기전 불안수면장애의 병태 생리는 아직 명확하게 규명되지 않았지만 철분 결핍, 수면 불안정성, 교감신경 활성 증가와 같은 기전이 가설로 제시되고 있다[10,11]. 불안수면장애 환자에서 확인된 낮은 ferritin 수치와 철분 보충 후 임상 증상이 개선 되었다는 연구 결과는 철분 결핍이 불안수면장애의 주요한 발병 기전이라는 가설을 뒷받침한다[10,15].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: собисті дані рецензентів, а рецензентам не розкривати особисті дані авторів); не розкривати без необхідності інформацію про надіслані матеріали, за винятком рецензентів, потенційних рецензентів або наукових консультантів; вживати заходи щодо виявлення та запобігання публікації матеріалів досліджень які велися із порушенням наукової етики; у випадку, якщо автором представленого до публікації рукопису є сам редактор передавати відпов�

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Environmental DNA (eDNA) is used to detect the presence of species in water bodies and ecosystems by analyzing genetic material in the environment. [SEP] Text: The TRMB drains water from diverse ecosystems ranging from Andean páramo to tropical rainforests from 500 to 2,500 m. a. s. l. (de Napo, 2015). The diversity of habitats in this micro-basin correlated with rich amphibian biodiversity (Ron, Merino & Ortiz, 2019; Lessmann et al. , 2016). Ecuador is one of the most biodiverse countries in the world, and the third in amphibian diversity, with a total of 669 formally described species, of which 46. 6% are endemic (Ortega-Andrade et al. , 2021; Ron, Merino & Ortiz, 2019). Napo harbors the highest species richness among the Amazonian provinces, with 210 species recorded (Ron, Merino & Ortiz, 2019; Ordóñez, Valle & Veintimilla, 2011). In the TRMB, which includes the reserve, 50 species have been reported (Ron, Merino & Ortiz, 2019; Ordóñez, Valle & Veintimilla, 2011; Coloma & Tapia, 2015). At a more local level, approximately 25 amphibian species have been recorded at the Amazónica Ikiam (Ikiam) campus and surrounding communities (Ron, Merino & Ortiz, 2019; Ordóñez, Valle & Veintimilla, 2011; Coloma & Tapia, 2015). America, amphibian biomonitoring programs with eDNA have been implemented in the Bolivian and (Sasso et al. , 2017; Bálint et al. , 2018). In Ecuador, amphibian biomonitoring studies with eDNA are limited. Most notably, it has been used for monitoring marine ichthyofauna and artisanal and industrial fishing vessels (Willette et al. , 2021). In the Ecuadorian Amazon, the use of eDNA is beginning to gain interest through research projects developed at Ikiam (Van der heyden et al. , 2021). So far, amphibian monitoring in TRMB has consisted of capture, VES, and audio recordings (Heyer et al. , 2001; Ortega-Andrade, 2010; Águila, López-Rojas & Pérez-Peña, 2020). However, this study sets a precedent in implementing eDNA to improve amphibian monitoring in the TRMB.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 다른 기전인 수면 불안정성은 cyclic alternating pattern (CAP)이 불안수면장애 환자에서 비정상적인 구조를 보이는 것으로 설명된다[18]. CAP은 비렘수면의 불안정성을 의미하는 생리학적 지표로서 일시적인 대뇌피질 활동으로 나타나는 A 단계와 배경파가 나타나는 B 단계로 구성되며 두 단계는 수면 중에 반복적인 패턴으로 주기적으로 나타나고 진동이 없는 안정된 수면인 Non-CAP (NCAP)에 의해 중단된다[19,20].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: �дальність та права редактора стосовно цієї публікації іншій кваліфікованій особі; бути готовими публікувати виправлення, роз'яснення, спростування і вибачення, у випадках, коли це необхідно.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Environmental DNA (eDNA) is used to detect the presence of species in water bodies and ecosystems by analyzing genetic material in the environment. [SEP] Text: This is the first study in the using eDNA to identify amphibians associated with water bodies. The main research objectives were: (1) to identify aquatic amphibian diversity in the TRMB using eDNA and VES; (2) to compare the abilities of eDNA-monitoring and VES to detect amphibian species in aquatic environments; (3) to develop a scientific collection and a local reference taxonomic and genetic database of amphibians in the TRMB. Materials and site The study site is within the TRMB (Napo Province, Ecuador), in the Amazon Piedmont, 8 km west of the city of Tena, Atacapi community (0°56′51°S; 77°51′37°W). It has an altitudinal range between 600 to 710 m. a. s. l. and an annual precipitation of 3,500 mm. Adjacent to the Ikiam, it hosts numerous water bodies, including rivers, streams, and ponds (Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador, 2013). In the sampling sites, we collected specimens and eDNA samples from three sections of the (TRP1–TRP3) and three ponds (ChP1–ChP3) with permanent water (i. e. , those that have water throughout the year) adjacent to the (Fig. 1). Figure 1: Study area in the Micro-Basin (TRMB), Napo, Ecuador with the respective terrain elevation. It consists of six sampling sites: three in ponds (ChP1, ChP2, ChP3, White) and three in river transects (TrP1, TrP2, TrP3, red). It has an exploration site (purple) in the Reserve, where mountain amphibians were collected. Adjacent to the sampling area is the Amazónica Ikiam (green). Detailed geographic location in Table S1 (Supplemental Material). Download full-size image DOI: 10. 7717/peerj.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 또한 불안수면장애의 움직임이 주로 NCAP 주기에 발생하여 안정된 수면을 방해하며, CAP 주기에 발생하는 경우에도 A2, A3 하위 유형과 자주 연관되어 발생하기 때문에 불안수면장애 환자에서의 수면 중 각성 횟수의 증가 및 불안정한 수면으로 인한 과도한 주간 졸음, 피로, 집중력 장애 등의 주간 증상을 설명하는 근거가 된다[18]. 하지만 불안수면장애의 총 신체 움직임 지수와 CAP 변동성 간의 유의한 상관 관계는 밝혀지지 않았다[18].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: Правила етики для рецензентів: працювати в повній відповідності до редакційної політики збірника з урахуванням актуальних юридичних вимог щодо авторського права, плагіату тощо; не використовувати неопубліковані дані, отримані з надісланих для експертної оцінки матеріалів, в особистих дослідженнях без письмової згоди автора (авторів); дотримуватися термінів рецензування; повідомляти редакційну колегію і просити виключити з процесу рец

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Environmental DNA (eDNA) is used to detect the presence of species in water bodies and ecosystems by analyzing genetic material in the environment. [SEP] Text: 15455/fig-1 research project was carried out through the for Access to No. MAATE-DBI-CM-2021-0177 issued by the Ministerio de Ambiente, Agua y Transición Ecológica and within the project entitled: Detection of keystone species of fauna (threatened, invasive) and microorganisms (pathogens and microbiota) associated with aquatic ecosystems of Ecuador, with molecular techniques of environmental DNA and metabarcoding. Sterilization process Before water sampling, polyethylene bottles, forceps, Petri dishes, and filtration systems were sterilized at the laboratory. For this process, the material was soaked in 50% (v/v) or 3% (m/v) bleach (6% Clorox, active ingredient: sodium hypochlorite, ) for 3 min. Next, the bleach residues were removed with distilled water (1 min), then with 70% ethanol for 3 min. Finally, the materials were autoclaved at 1. 02 atm and 121 °C for 60 min (Baetens, 2019). This sterilization process was performed for each sampling point to remove DNA residue and avoid cross-contamination between collection points (Riascos et al. , 2018; Shaw et al. , 2008). Fieldwork VES and water samples collection for eDNA were conducted simultaneously from January to March 2020 and February to April 2021. Both methods were performed once per month at six sites: three in ponds (ChP1–ChP3) and three in river transects (TRP1-TRP3) (Fig. 1; Table S1, Supplementary Material). Each site was surveyed six times in the wet season, specifically on days with little or no precipitation. The chronological order of sampling methods was as follows: (1) collection of water samples (morning) and (2) observation and recording of amphibians (evening). This order prevents the contamination of the environment, especially ponds, as VES is an invasive method that could influence eDNA results if performed earlier (Heyer et al. , 2001). The collection of water samples was performed by two people in the morning (between 06:00 and 07:00 h. GMT-5). The perimeter of each site was measured and divided into three points (Fig. 2).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 또 다른 기전인 교감신경의 활성 증가는 수면다원검사의 심전도를 분석한 심박수 변동성(heart rate variability)을 근거로 설명된다[21]. 심박수 변동성은 심장 박동과 심박수를 조율하는 교감 신경계와 부교감 신경계의 균형 상태를 의미하는 지표로 다양한 수면장애에서 연구되고 있다[22].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: ензування, якщо рецензент розуміє, що не має достатньої кваліфікації для розгляду публікації або не має достатньо часу для своєчасного виконання роботи; розглядати будь-який матеріал, отриманий для рецензування, як конфіденційний документ, не розкривати його зміст і не обговорювати з будь-якими особами, крім членів редакційної колегії, які передали матеріал на рецензування; давати об'єктивну оцінку переданих на рецензування матеріа

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Environmental DNA (eDNA) is used to detect the presence of species in water bodies and ecosystems by analyzing genetic material in the environment. [SEP] Text: Sterile 1 L polyethylene bottles were preconditioned by filling them with 50 ml of water from the site, shaking, and discarding away from the sampling site (i. e. , on the shore). This process was performed by three times to remove all remnants of bleach used in the sterilization process, which can disintegrate eDNA (Shaw et al. , 2008). At each point, 1 L of water was collected, with a zigzag sweep 30 cm below the surface with a final volume for each sampling site of 3 L. To avoid cross-contamination in the field between sites, we used new nitrile gloves for each collection point, and the materials (e. g. , boots, plastic thermal box, among others) were sterilized with 10% (v/v) bleach for 1 min and 70% ethanol for 1 min, before moving to the next sampling point. At the same time, a bottle with 1 L of ultrapure water was added to the assay as a negative field control to monitor the contamination during transport and storage. The samples were transported in plastic thermal boxes at 10 °C to prevent DNA degradation and bacterial growth (Wang et al. , 2021). Figure 2: Graphical representation of water collection points in Ponds and river transects. (A) measurement of the perimeter and division of the water collection points in the ponds. (B) Measurement of the width and division of the water collection points in the river transects. SP1, SP2 and SP3 refers to the divisions performed at the sampling site prior to environmental sampling. Download full-size image DOI: 10. 7717/peerj. 15455/fig-2 The VES was performed by three researchers at night, between 20:00 and 00:00 h. , for 30 min per site. Observation and identification of amphibians in the ponds were carried out through a slow (approx. 2 m/min) and random movement that covered the entire possible perimeter (approx. 20 m), checking vegetation, water body, and soil. For the river transects, the process was similar, but the observation was along the banks (approx. 25 m). Filtration of environmental samples The water samples for eDNA and negative controls were filtered at the Ikiam immediately upon arrival at the lab (approx. 2 hrs. ).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 진 단 국제 하지불안증후군 연구 그룹은 10명의 수면 전문가로 구성된 전문가 그룹을 구성하여 불안수면장애에 대한 진단적 근거를 평가하였고 여러 의학 문헌과 전문가들의 임상 경험을 바탕으로 2020년에 여덟 가지의 새로운 진단 기준을 제시하였다[11]. 이는 초기에 제시되었던 내용에 빈번하고 만성적인 증상의 특징과 비디오 수면다원검사를 통한 잦은 움직임의 객관적 진단을 반영한 기준이다[10,11].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: лів, чітко та аргументовано висловлювати свою думку; виявляти значний збіг між рецензованою публікацією та будь-якою іншою опублікованою раніше науковою працею, висловлювати свою думку щодо прийнятності матеріалу до публікації з точки зору наукової етики.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Environmental DNA (eDNA) is used to detect the presence of species in water bodies and ecosystems by analyzing genetic material in the environment. [SEP] Text: The process was performed using a sterilized glass filtration system (Merck®, ) connected to a vacuum pump (GAST) and nitrocellulose membranes (® NC) with a pore size of 0. 45 μm and 47 mm in diameter. Before filtration, the samples were homogenized from water collected at each collection point (Fig. 2), obtaining a final volume of three liters per sampling site. Samples were filtered until the filters were clogged and the water flow stopped. The volume of water used to clog a filter was 1 L for river samples and approximately 750 mL for pond samples. 1 L of ultrapure water was filtered as negative controls, and the same processes were followed for the environmental samples. Filters were passed to a sterile petri dish using sterilized forceps. We carefully cut filters into small pieces using sterile scalpels (No. 11), placed them in sterile 1. 5 mL microtubes, and stored them at −20 °C. The samples collected in 2020 were processed seven months after collection, while those from 2021 were processed 1 week after the last collection. Processing and identification of collected specimens Specimens were transported to the laboratory, photographed, and their morphological characteristics were described in life for taxonomic identification. All specimens were sacrificed using an anesthetic (2% Lidocaine) applied topically on the skin (Angulo et al. , 2006). Samples of liver and leg muscle tissue were extracted from each specimen. Tissues were preserved in 2 mL microtubes with 96% ethanol and stored at −20°C until DNA extraction. Finally, each specimen received a unique code and was identified with dichotomous keys (Ortega-Andrade, 2010; Angulo et al. , 2006). When dichotomous keys were absent, ( and the Ikiam amphibian collection were referenced. All specimens were preserved in the Laboratorio de Biología Integrativa Ikiam-de Biodiversidad () scientific collection. Molecular assays for tissue samples Genomic DNA extraction was performed using the Wizard® Genomic DNA Purification kit (), with 5–10 mg of liver or muscle tissue, following the manufacturer’s protocol (Supplemental Material). The NanoDrop™ One/UV-() was used to determine the purity and quantity of genomic DNA.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 불안수면장애의 진단 기준은 1) 환자나 보호자에 의해 표현되는 불안 수면 증상, 2) 전신, 팔, 다리, 머리 등의 큰 신체 움직임, 3) 수면 중에 나타나는 움직임, 4) 비디오 수면다원검사에서 확인된 수면 중 시간당 5회 이상의 큰 신체 움직임, 5) 3개월 이상 지속되는 증상, 6) 주 3일 이상 나타나는 증상, 7) 과도한 졸음, 행동 문제 또는 인지 결함 등의 주간 기능 장애, 8) 다른 수면 장애나 의학적 문제, 약물에 의한 증상이 아닌 경우이며 위 내용�

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: Періодичність публікації 1 раз в рік Політика відкритого доступу Цей журнал практикує політику негайного відкритого доступу до опублікованого змісту, підтримуючи принципи вільного поширення наукової інформації та глобального обміну знаннями задля загального суспільного прогресу. Міжнародна індексація журналу 64. exe?

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Environmental DNA (eDNA) is used to detect the presence of species in water bodies and ecosystems by analyzing genetic material in the environment. [SEP] Text: End-prep and adapter ligation were performed according to the barcode PCR protocol (96) SQK-LSK109 amplicons (), using the repair mix (M6630), repair/dA-tailing module (E7546) and ligation sequencing kit 1D (SQK-LSK109; ). A MinION flow cell was used for sequencing (FLO-MIN106D; ). Prior to library loading, the flow cell was prepared using the flow cell priming kit (EXP-FLP002). The loading mix had a final volume of 75 µL and was prepared with 7. 5 µL sequencing buffer (SQB), 25. 5 µL loading beads (LB), and 35 fmol of DNA library in 12 µL. Sequencing was performed on a MinION mk1b (). The device used MinKNOW v21. 06. 0 which has integrated Guppy v5. 0. 11 software to control the sequencer, collect sequences in real-time, filter reads by quality >8, and perform Basecalling and demultiplex reads by barcode. The sequencing time was 15 h. After the sequencing time elapsed, the equipment was disconnected and the flow cell (106 R9. 4. 1; ) was cleaned with the flow cell cleaning kit (EXP-WSH004; ) following the factory instructions, and the cell was stored at 4 °C. 16S rRNA gene reference database Based on field sampling, Ikiam amphibian reference collection, and literature reports on the diversity and distribution of amphibian species in the TRMB (Ron, Merino & Ortiz, 2019; Ordóñez, Valle & Veintimilla, 2011; Coloma & Tapia, 2015), we defined a list of 62 amphibian species that could be detected by eDNA (Table S2, Supplemental Material). With this list, a 16S rRNA gene reference database was compiled from three sources of information: (1) tissues of 43 specimens collected in this study, corresponding to 20 species (Table S3, Supplemental Material); (2) sequences generated by other research projects at the Amazónica Ikiam; (3) sequences deposited in the database of the (NCBI). The 16S rRNA gene sequences of 59 of the 62 species cited in the TRMB were compiled.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 이 외에도 보조적인 기준으로 큰 신체의 움직임이 수면 단계 관계없이 밤새 계속 나타날 수 있고, 수면 개시의 어려움은 드물다는 내용이 포함되어 다른 수면 관련 운동장애나 불면 장애와 증상적 특징이 다름을 보여주고 있다. 이번에 마련된 진단 기준이 여러 객관적 근거로 보완된 것이긴 하지만 여전히 여러 과제가 남아있다.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: Z21ID=&I21DBN=UJRN&P21DBN=UJRN&S21STN=1&S21REF=10&S21FMT=juu_all&C21COM=S&S21CNR=20&S21P01=0&S21P02=0&S21P03=PREF=&S21=0&S21STR=Uks Реферативна база даних «Україніка наукова» Положення про авторські права Автори, які публікуються у цьому журналі, погоджуються з наступними умовами: 1.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Environmental DNA (eDNA) is used to detect the presence of species in water bodies and ecosystems by analyzing genetic material in the environment. [SEP] Text: , 2017; Bonin, Guerrieri & Ficetola, 2022; Gwak & Rho, 2020), and a genus level threshold of 90–96%. MOTUs from the other vertebrate groups were identified using a 90–99% similarity threshold and separated from amphibian MOTUs without further analysis. MOTUs showing <90% similarity to the reference databases were removed. The assignTaxonomy function (DADA2) generated a complete taxonomic assignment from domain to species and served to corroborate the results obtained with BLAST+. probability (DP) was estimated using a single-species, single-season occupancy model (Schultz & Lance, 2015; Furlan et al. , 2016) with the package in R. 4. 1. 2 (R Core Team, 2021; Fiske & Chandler, 2011). This standard model was fitted with presence-absence matrices (PAMs) generated for each sampling method (eDNA and VES). PAMs were constructed for each species recorded by both methods during the six months of sampling at the six collection sites. We considered presence (1), both observations recorded during VES and taxa identified from MOTUs for eDNA, while absence (0) when there were neither MOTUs nor observations. In the same way, the confidence interval was calculated using PAMs and RStudio software. R script, PAMs, and occupancy and detection probability data are available at A Sankey diagram was created to visualize the species and families detected with eDNA and VES in R. 4. 1. 2 (R Core Team, 2021) with the networkD3 package ( encounter surveys Thirty-six samplings (18 in ponds and 18 in river transects) were carried out for biomonitoring by VES and eDNA methods. VES recorded a total of 248 specimens corresponding to 20 species. One hundred ninety-five specimens were reported in the ponds, and 53 were found in river transects. The most abundant species were: Boana punctata (38) and Dendropsophus bifurcus (36) at ponds, Rhinella marina (18), and Scinax ruber (15) at river transects. During the VES, the following species were observed only once: Allobates aff.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 불안수면 또는 수면 중 과잉행동을 보이는 여러 질환을 구분하기 어려운 6세 미만에서는 운동불안증(motor restlessness)을 동반하는 불면증이 수면 관련 운동 장애의 초기 표현형일 수 있으므로 불면증으로 우선 진단하고, 이후 철분제 보충에 대한 치료 반응과 6세 이후의 경과에 따라 불안수면장애에 대한 재평가를 하도록 권고하고 있다[23,24].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: Автори залишають за собою право на авторство своєї роботи та передають журналу право першої публікації цієї роботи на умовах ліцензії Attribution License, котра дозволяє іншим особам вільно розповсюджувати опубліковану роботу з обов'язковим посиланням на авторів оригінальної роботи та першу публікацію роботи у цьому журналі. 2.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Environmental DNA (eDNA) is used to detect the presence of species in water bodies and ecosystems by analyzing genetic material in the environment. [SEP] Text: insperatus, Cochranella resplendens, Scinax cruentomma, Pristimantis variabilis, and Adenomera andreae (Table S5, Supplemental Material). 16S rRNA gene reference database The local reference database of amphibian DNA was developed with 522 16S rRNA gene sequences recorded in Ecuador ( of which 20 sequences of different species resulted from this study (Table S3), 25 sequences were generated in the project “Genetic and ecological characterization of the herpetofauna in an altitudinal transect in the Basin, and the Reserve, Ecuador” of the Ikiam and 477 were extracted from the NCBI database. In addition, sequences of the most common vertebrates inhabiting the sampling sites, such as fish (five), mammals (five), birds (five), and reptiles (three), were included. This was done to cluster and sort the MOTUs obtained. Bacterial sequences (two) previously sequenced with ONT were also added and used to separate sequences with a higher error rate, as these sequences tended to align with those (bacterial sequences). This was remarked on during analyses and taxonomic assignments. In total, the reference database had 542 sequences from several groups. Environmental DNA The nanopore sequencing run generated a total of 2,704,000 reads. After analysis (Q > 8/Q > 12) with the MinKNOW v21. 06. 0 and Amplicon_sorter algorithms, we obtained 2,508,000 and 1,204,938 reads, respectively. A total of 375,056 reads were found to belong to amphibians (326,630 for ponds and 48,426 for river transects). The remaining readings corresponded to several groups: fish (479,972), mammals (121,731), birds (2,249), and other groups (225,930). At the end of the analysis, the transport, amplification, and sequencing controls (the two sequenced controls had few reads and none aligned with the vertebrate group) were negative. Table S6 details the list of species and reads. eDNA vs. VES comparison Using both eDNA and VES, a total of 33 amphibian species were detected. Individually, eDNA detected 28 and VES 20 species, respectively (13 with eDNA only, five with VES only, and 15 with both methods).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 아직은 각 발달 단계에서의 불안수면장애 표현형에 대한 이해가 부족하기 때문에 6세 미만과 성인을 포함한 전 생애 주기에서의 자연 경과에 대한 추가 연구를 통해 새로운 진단 기준의 개발이 필요하다. 진단에 있어 또 다른 문제는 불안수면장애가 의심되는 모든 환자에서 비디오 수면다원검사를 하는 것이 현실적으로 어렵다는 점이다.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: Автори мають право укладати самостійні додаткові угоди щодо неексклюзивного розповсюдження роботи у тому вигляді, в якому вона була опублікована цим журналом (наприклад, розміщувати роботу в електронному сховищі установи або публікувати у складі монографії), за умови збереження посилання на першу публікацію роботи у цьому журналі. 3.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Environmental DNA (eDNA) is used to detect the presence of species in water bodies and ecosystems by analyzing genetic material in the environment. [SEP] Text: Six amphibian families were detected, with Hylidae being the richest with 14 species (three eDNA, one VES, and 10 with both methods), followed by Strabomantidae with nine species (six eDNA, one VES, and two with both methods). Both methods detected all families except for Aromobatidae, which had only a single record (Allobates aff. insperatus) with VES and was not detected by eDNA (Fig. 3; Table S7). Four species detected only with eDNA are of particular interest: Pristimantis acerus, P. eriphus, P. mallii, and P. sp. (15591). These species inhabit significantly higher elevations than the study sites, having been recorded at the exploration site within Colonso-(0°56′07. 0°S;77°55′36. 6°W) at 1,518 m. a. s. l. Figure 3: Relative frequency of amphibian species detection using environmental DNA (eDNA) and visual encounter surveys (VES). Biomonitoring was for six months in the micro-basin, Napo, Ecuador. We detail the sampling sites (Ch = ponds, Tr = river transects), families identified, methods applied, and amphibian species detected by each technique. Species with an asterisk (*) are mountain frogs. The thickness of the connecting lines in the diagram corresponds to the number of species identified except for the lines between site-family nodes which corresponds to the ratio (Number of species detected for a family by eDNA and VES/total species record of a family in all sampling) × (number of species detected of the family a site). Download full-size image DOI: 10. 7717/peerj. 15455/fig-3 eDNA detection probability varied widely between species. The lowest recorded probability was 0. 29 (Oreobates quixensis), and the highest recorded probability was 1 (both Rhinella marina and Scinax ruber). This difference may be because O. quixensis was detected at only one site (TrP2), while R. marina and S. ruber were recorded at all sampling sites. The DP for VES had a range of variation, being the minimum for the species O. quixensis and Pristimantis malkini (DP = 0.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 물론 수면다원검사의 목적에는 단순히 큰 신체 움직임을 객관적으로 확인하고 정량화하기 위한 것뿐만 아니라 다른 수면장애를 평가하고 배제하기 위한 목적도 있으므로 정확한 진단을 위해 검사는 반드시 필요하다[25]. 그럼에도 검사로 인한 불편, 의료비 문제 등으로 검사가 어려운 경우가 있으므로 활동기록(actigraphy), 가정용 비디오, 웨어러블 디바이스 등을 이용한 보조적인 진단도 앞으로 함께 고민되어야 한다.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: Політика журналу дозволяє і заохочує розміщення авторами в мережі Інтернет (наприклад, у сховищах установ або на особистих веб-сайтах) рукопису роботи, як до подання цього рукопису до редакції, так і під час його редакційного опрацювання, оскільки це сприяє виникненню продуктивної наукової дискусії та позитивно позначається на оперативності та динаміці цитування опублікованої роботи.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Environmental DNA (eDNA) is used to detect the presence of species in water bodies and ecosystems by analyzing genetic material in the environment. [SEP] Text: 056), which were observed twice at the same sampling site (TrP2). Species with a DP > 0. 70 were S. ruber (DP = 0. 71) and R. marina (DP = 0. 79), detected in different aquatic environments during the six months of monitoring (ChP1, ChP2, TrP1, TrP2, TrP3). The species Boana geographica (P = 0. 39), Boana punctata (P = 0. 49), and Scinax garbei (P = 0. 58) were consistently observed at the same site (ChP2) during the entire sampling time using VES. The DP of these three species when using eDNA corresponds to DP = 0. 83 (B. geographica), DP = 0. 75 (S. garbei), and DP = 0. 58 (B. punctata). This increase in DP with eDNA may be since MOTUs of these species were detected at several sites (ChP3, ChP2, TrP3, TrP2). Including all species, the DP for eDNA was 0. 42 CI [0. 40–0. 45] vs. 0. 17 CI [0. 14–0. 20] for VES (Fig. 4; eDNA and VES records, occupancy probability and detection data are available in The occupancy model was used to help estimate the true occupancy and DP of species at the site with margins of uncertainty (MacKenzie et al. , 2017). Figure 4: Detection probability using VES and eDNA monitoring methods. The probability was calculated for each species detected by the two techniques and for all species combined. Error bars represent the confidence interval (CI) of the analysis and n refers to the detection number of each method, for each species and for all species. Download full-size image DOI: 10. 7717/peerj. 15455/fig-4 information generated from monitoring organisms using traditional and eDNA-based techniques is essential for ecological and conservation research (Bálint et al. , 2018; Angulo et al. , 2006). In this study, we monitored amphibian communities in aquatic environments using VES and eDNA techniques. A reference database that included 20 new DNA barcode sequences generated in this work was constructed.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 또한 임상적 장애 정도를 보다 정확하게 평가할 수 있도록 주간 기능 장애 증상을 좀 더 신뢰 있게 평가할 수 있는 객관적 검사 방법을 적용하는 것이 필요하다[14]. 감별 진단 안수면장애라는 새로운 수면장애의 발견이 하지불안증후군 또는 주기성 사지운동장애를 가진 소아청소년의 연구에서 시작되었다는 점은 불안수면장애가 다른 수면 관련 운동 장애와 유사하여 감별하기 어려울 수 있다는 것을 의미하기도 한다[26].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: Ліцензійна угода Цей твір ліцензовано на умовах Ліцензії Із Зазначенням Авторства — Некомерційна — Без Похідних 4. 0 Міжнародна. Подання Надсилання статей. Керівництва для авторів. Збірник репрезентуватиме проблеми історії, археології, етнографії, філології (українська мова та література).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Environmental DNA (eDNA) is used to detect the presence of species in water bodies and ecosystems by analyzing genetic material in the environment. [SEP] Text: It is essential to mention that the species Rhaebo ecuadorensis was not found in the NCBI database due to a labeling error. This was evidenced when the alignment of our sequence with the database was performed, obtaining 99. 9% pairwise identity with R. glaberrimus, a species from which R. ecuadorensis was separated (Mueses-Cisneros, Cisneros-Heredia & Mcdiarmid, 2012; Pramuk, 2006). It demonstrates that not all genetic information in the NCBI is correctly curated (Pentinsaari et al. , 2020). For this reason, curating sequences that enter our databases allows us to resolve these discordances. To perform successful amphibian eDNA biomonitoring in high-biodiversity areas and to recover the true taxonomic composition of environmental samples, it is crucial to have a curated, high-quality reference database (Taberlet et al. , 2018; Pawlowski et al. , 2021; Weigand et al. , 2019). Several scientific reports detail the unfavorable effect on analyses when a database has curation errors, leading to omissions in identifications and generating the discard of sequences that would be considered false positives (Bohmann et al. , 2014; Taberlet et al. , 2018; Schenekar et al. , 2020). Our database was designed for amphibian detection, and 96. 3% of the sequences belong to amphibians. For TRMB, this work provides reference sequences for 20 amphibian species, including A. aff. insperatus and C. resplendens, documented for the first time for this area. As mentioned by Angulo et al. (2006), new contributions in terms of species distribution are relevant, especially in unexplored areas, because complete biodiversity inventories help to inform and develop conservation strategies. eDNA vs. VES The simultaneous application of eDNA-based and traditional methods in areas with high biodiversity has been analyzed (Sasso et al. , 2017; Bálint et al. , 2018; Herder et al. , 2014) and recommended (Keck et al. , 2022) in several studies, as these two approaches are compatible when assessing the diversity of organisms.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 감별해야 하는 수면 관련 질환으로는 하지불안증후군, 주기성 사지운동장애, 수면 관련 율동적 운동장애, 이갈이와 같은 수면 관련 운동 장애와 수면 관련 과운동성 뇌전증(sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy) 등이 있다. 연구에 따르면 불안수면장애 환자에서는 다리의 감각이 불편한 증상이 나타나지 않는다는 점에서 하지불안증후군과 구별될 수 있고 팔다리의 움직임이 더 크게 나타난다는 점에서 주기성 사지운동장애와 구별될 수 있다[26].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: До друку приймаємо раніше не опубліковані наукові статті, публікації документів і пам’яток, бібліографічні та джерелознавчі огляди, рецензії на нові видання, повідомлення про наукові події. Редакційна колегія не розглядатиме статей, що не відповідають зазначеним вимогам. Редакційна колегія має право редагувати, скорочувати, а також відхиляти подані матеріали.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Environmental DNA (eDNA) is used to detect the presence of species in water bodies and ecosystems by analyzing genetic material in the environment. [SEP] Text: Additionally, using multiple techniques during the biomonitoring of organisms can result in more complete and detailed information compared to monitoring by a single method, as each approach has its characteristics and an established methodology for species detection (Lopes et al. , 2017; Angulo et al. , 2006; Herder et al. , 2014). In the biomonitoring of amphibians in TRMB, we used eDNA and VES. Combining these two techniques recorded 33 species, 53% of the species previously documented in our study area. eDNA detected 28 species (DP = 42%), while VES recorded 20 species (DP = 17%). These results show that using eDNA can detect more amphibian species compared to VES, in concordance with the meta-analysis performed by Fediajevaite et al. (2021), who compared 49 studies of both techniques. Although the eDNA-based monitoring technique can detect more taxa than VES, some species can be recorded by both approaches; this will depend on their abundance and distribution in aquatic environments (Herder et al. , 2014; Keck et al. , 2022; Polanco Fernández et al. , 2021). We have detected 15 amphibian species using the combination of both techniques in agreement with the species observed in the buffer zone of the (Coloma & Tapia, 2015). Similarly, these species have been frequently associated with natural lentic water bodies (Ron, Merino & Ortiz, 2019; Lacoursière-Roussel et al. , 2016), where a higher DNA concentration and abundance of anurans would be expected (Baetens, 2019; Petitot et al. , 2014). On the other hand, several studies mention the presence of a fraction of species that can only be detected by eDNA-based techniques or traditional methods (Lopes et al. , 2017; Fediajevaite et al. , 2021). In our case, five species were recorded only by VES, including A. andreae, A. aff. insperatus and P. variabilis, which were detected in previous field sampling in the TRMB (Ordóñez, Valle & Veintimilla, 2011; Coloma & Tapia, 2015). As Ron, Merino & Ortiz (2019) mentioned, these species are terrestrial and diurnal and are usually observed perching in leaf litter or under fallen trees.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 이갈이는 턱에 국한된 움직임이지만 큰 신체의 움직임이나 자세 변경에 동반될 수 있으며 수면다원검사의 턱 근전도 기록을 통해 이갈이 발생 여부와 전후 상황을 확인하여 구분할 수 있다[28]. 즉 주로 많이 움직이는 신체부위와 특징, 수면다원검사의 소견에 근거한 서로 다른 핵심 증상을 통해 각 수면 관련 운동 장애를 감별할 수 있으며 이에 대한 비교를 Table 1에 정리하였다.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: За зміст публікації, достовірність фактів, цитат, дат тощо відповідає автор. Усі статті, які надійшли до редакції, проходять процедуру незалежного таємного рецензування (якість дослідження, оригінальність, новизна, структура статті). Матеріали потрібно надсилати на електронну адресу редакції: ukraina. iuk@gmail. com (назва файла – прізвище автора латинськими літерами, наприклад, petrenko. doc).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Environmental DNA (eDNA) is used to detect the presence of species in water bodies and ecosystems by analyzing genetic material in the environment. [SEP] Text: As such, we would expect water samples to contain low aquatic eDNA concentrations of these terrestrial species, leading to minimal or no detection with aquatic eDNA monitoring, as the inclusion criterion in the sample-organism relationship would not be met (Taberlet et al. , 2018; Bruce et al. , 2021). C. resplendens and S. cruentomma have not been recorded in scientific collections in our study area or neighboring areas but have been recorded in the Napo province (Duellman, 1972; Guayasamin et al. , 2006). These species are associated with water bodies but are rare in disturbed areas, such as our sampling area (Ron, Merino & Ortiz, 2019). The record of C. resplendens is unexpected mainly because it is considered a species rarely observed in disturbed Amazonian ecosystems. The fact that these five species were not detected with eDNA could result from deficiencies in the capture of DNA molecules due to the non-homogeneous distribution of eDNA in aquatic ecosystems. Additionally, 13 species were only detected by eDNA, previously recorded in the Napo province and the TRMB (Heyer et al. , 2001; Ordóñez, Valle & Veintimilla, 2011; Coloma & Tapia, 2015). However, four of them: Pristimantis sp. (15591), P. acerus, P. eriphus, and P. mallii are characterized as mountain frogs that were recorded in the exploration area within the Reserve (Fig. 1). In the study area, these species were detected in different river transects and sampling months. P. mallii and P. acerus were identified in January 2020 in TrP1 and March and April 2021 in TrP3. Concerning P. eriphus and Pristimantis sp. (15591) were recorded in March and April 2021 on TrP3 and TrP2. The presence of eDNA of these four species in the sampling sites may be the result of several factors: geomorphological characteristics of the TRMB, with its wide drainage area of approximately 134. 86 km2, an average slope of 22. 4%, and an annual rainfall between 3,500–4,000 mm (Hurtado-Pidal et al. , 2020).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 야간 발작을 보이는 수면 관련 과운동성 뇌전증의 경우에는 정형화된 움직임, 근긴장 이상, 발작 전후의 뇌파 소견 등을 통해 불안수면장애와 감별할 수 있다[29]. 평 가 불안수면장애는 일차성 수면장애로 다른 수면 장애나 의학적 문제, 또는 약물에 의한 증상이 아닌 경우에 진단된다. 따라서 불안수면 증상을 유발시키는 다른 수면장애나 의학적 문제에 대한 철저한 평가와 배제가 반드시 진단 과정에 선행되어야 한다[11].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: Вимоги до подання Із вимогами до подання можна ознайомитися за посиланням. Зразок оформлення статті до збірника - за посиланням. Положення про авторські права Автори, які публікуються у цьому журналі, погоджуються з наступними умовами: 1.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Environmental DNA (eDNA) is used to detect the presence of species in water bodies and ecosystems by analyzing genetic material in the environment. [SEP] Text: All these characteristics could promote the movement of genetic material from species present in the mountainous regions of the upper micro-basin towards the river and downstream to the study area. This statement is corroborated by the displacement of organic material, including DNA, in rivers (Pozo et al. , 2009; Deiner et al. , 2016). Likewise, it is necessary to consider that when working with eDNA in a river transect, it will not have eDNA exclusive to the species of the site. However, there is a probability of detecting species from nearby regions (Shogren et al. , 2017; Nevers et al. , 2020). The MOTUs of these frogs might also be related to cross-contamination during field sampling or laboratory processes. During fieldwork, samples may become contaminated because it is more difficult to preserve sterility. Therefore, using negative transport controls during sample collection and handling allows for knowing at an early stage whether contamination is present or not (Lopes et al. , 2017; Baetens, 2019; Herder et al. , 2014). Disinfecting and sterilizing all materials and work areas is essential to reduce these problems. There might also be a risk of cross-contamination between samples during library preparation, as different samples are processed simultaneously (Borst, Box & Fluit, 2004). This could trigger index swapping, the faulty assignment of sample index. This exchange could also occur in the sequencer when different samples are sequenced together (Zavala et al. , 2022). Likewise, sequencing errors could generate these MOTUs, especially if the technology’s accuracy (ONT) is 99. 3%. To reduce these errors and obtain reliable MOTUs, it is necessary to clean up low-quality reads and generate robust consensus sequences from multiple copies of a specific region (Vierstraete & Braeckman, 2022; Baloğlu et al. , 2021). The negative controls used in each experimental phase of this study were negative, making it possible to verify that mountain frog MOTUs do not derive from cross-contamination or sequencing errors but originate from organic matter (eDNA) outside the sampling area. According to Bohmann et al. (2014), a false positive is when the eDNA detects a species not present at the site. The four mountain species recorded in the lower part of the TRMB would then be considered as false positives for the sites studied.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 소아청소년에서의 불안 수면 증상을 연구한 최근의 체계적 문헌 고찰 결과를 보면 하지불안증후군 또는 주기성 사지운동장애의 수면 연관 운동 장애나 수면 보행증 등의 사건수면이 있는 경우 80%-90%의 환자에서 불안 수면 증상이 나타나고 수면호흡장애, 특히 폐쇄성 수면 무호흡이 있는 경우에도 65%-80% 정도의 높은 빈도로 불안수면 증상이 동반되는 것으로 나타났다[8,30].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: Автори залишають за собою право на авторство своєї роботи та передають журналу право першої публікації цієї роботи на умовах ліцензії Attribution License, котра дозволяє іншим особам вільно розповсюджувати опубліковану роботу з обов'язковим посиланням на авторів оригінальної роботи та першу публікацію роботи у цьому журналі. 2.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Environmental DNA (eDNA) is used to detect the presence of species in water bodies and ecosystems by analyzing genetic material in the environment. [SEP] Text: Identifying false positives during the taxonomic assignment is essential to avoid generating biased data that cannot be corroborated in future studies. These errors can be distinguished if a taxonomically curated reference database is available, with species whose biogeographic distributions are appropriate and correspond to the region or area of study. Benefits and limitations of eDNA-based and VES techniques eDNA-based monitoring is a promising and highly efficient technique for biodiversity monitoring, especially in areas where access is complex, and species richness is high, which would require a significant VES sampling effort. Also, direct contact with the organism of interest is not required since environmental samples (water) are used as a source of information. Other advantages of this technique are that it is non-invasive, can be applied in hard-to-reach areas, and reduces monitoring time. However, as the technique is based on DNA barcode sequences, we have limitations in estimating the abundance of organisms, as well as other aspects of their biology (e. g. , age, sex), so it is crucial to complement monitoring with scientific collections from VES (Bálint et al. , 2017; Ruppert, Kline & Rahman, 2019). Taxonomic assignment of MOTUs is limited to a local reference database and relies indirectly on information generated by traditional methods (Taberlet et al. , 2018; Bruce et al. , 2021). As reported in this study, it is necessary to compare all MOTUs to identify them, and biogeographic and ecological information on the detected species is required to discriminate species outside our area of interest, i. e. , to determine false positives (Bohmann et al. , 2014; Taberlet et al. , 2018; Shogren et al. , 2017). This is demonstrated by identifying mountain frogs that live from 1,500 m. a. s. l. in sites with altitudes below 600 m. a. s. l. To overcome this limitation in eDNA, several studies propose as an alternative the use of a taxonomy-free approach, which employs a molecular index calculated directly from eDNA data without any reference (Apothéloz-Perret-Gentil et al. , 2017; Apothéloz-Perret-Gentil et al. , 2021).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 그리고 수면 장애 뿐만 아니라 호흡기 감염, 천식, 중이염, 두통, 뇌전증, 신경 발달 장애, 양극성 장애, 주의력 결핍 과잉 행동 장애 등의 여러 질환과 카페인과 같은 약물 사용의 경우에도 불안수면 증상이 나타날 수 있어 자세한 병력 청취 및 신체 검진을 통한 동반 질환 또는 유발 요인의 평가가 진단 과정에 필요하다[8].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: Автори мають право укладати самостійні додаткові угоди щодо неексклюзивного розповсюдження роботи у тому вигляді, в якому вона була опублікована цим журналом (наприклад, розміщувати роботу в електронному сховищі установи або публікувати у складі монографії), за умови збереження посилання на першу публікацію роботи у цьому журналі. 3.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Environmental DNA (eDNA) is used to detect the presence of species in water bodies and ecosystems by analyzing genetic material in the environment. [SEP] Text: This approach could improve taxonomic resolution, which is problematic in the current study, given that not all sequences aligned with a percentage of identity >97%. Replicating environmental conditions in vitro is a real challenge for eDNA-based techniques. Field conditions differ significantly from the laboratory because eDNA is exposed to biotic and abiotic factors, habitat, flow variation, and more (Valentini et al. , 2016; Herder et al. , 2014). On the other hand, the standardization of field and laboratory eDNA protocols is essential for the reliable interpretation of results (Roh et al. , 2006; Harper et al. , 2019). Similarly, using positive and negative controls is essential for controlled experimentation. A positive control is a sample or reagent used to test for possible PCR inhibition or for DNA degradation during the handlings. In contrast, a negative control is a sample using the same experimental conditions except for the treatment (Barata, Griffiths & Ridout, 2017; Takahashi et al. , 2020) and aims to document the absence of contamination. These protocols follow strict sterilization standards, decreasing contamination risks (Taberlet et al. , 2018; Herder et al. , 2014). eDNA-based monitoring is an ecological diagnostic method that has revolutionized diversity monitoring in different ecosystems (Taberlet et al. , 2018; Harper et al. , 2019; Keck et al. , 2022; Ruppert, Kline & Rahman, 2019). Several scientific publications have documented its development and compatibility with other methods, such as VES. They have also demonstrated their sensitivity and efficiency in detecting multiple species in different environments worldwide (Valentini et al. , 2016; Bálint et al. , 2018; Zaiko et al. , 2018). Generating a plan for constantly monitoring amphibians and other groups of interest in the TRMB using VES and eDNA will be fundamental to completing the inventory of the fauna inhabiting this area. This would facilitate the description of new species presumed to be present in unexplored areas of this basin. A complete inventory would provide a clear picture of the population dynamics of endangered species, invasive species, and species with antimicrobial peptides of biomedical interest (Willette et al. , 2021; Ficetola et al. , 2010). In short, eDNA and VES combined can generate essential information for developing short- and long-term conservation strategies.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 또한 불안수면장애의 진단에 반드시 필요한 것은 아니지만 말초혈액 검사를 통해 혈색소, 철, ferritin, 트랜스페린 포화도(transferrin saturation, %TSAT) 등의 철분 상태를 평가하고 50 μg/L 미만의 ferritin 수치를 확인하는 것은 불안수면장애를 진단하고 치료 방침을 결정하는 데 도움이 될 수 있다[31,32]. 불안수면 증상의 이차적 원인이 확인되지 않은 경우 불안수면장애를 최종 진단하기 위해서는 동기화된 비디오 수면다원검사가 필요하다[11,12].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: Політика журналу дозволяє і заохочує розміщення авторами в мережі Інтернет (наприклад, у сховищах установ або на особистих веб-сайтах) рукопису роботи, як до подання цього рукопису до редакції, так і під час його редакційного опрацювання, оскільки це сприяє виникненню продуктивної наукової дискусії та позитивно позначається на оперативності та динаміці цитування опублікованої роботи.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Environmental DNA (eDNA) is used to detect the presence of species in water bodies and ecosystems by analyzing genetic material in the environment. [SEP] Text: study demonstrates that the eDNA-method had a greater capacity to detect amphibians in Amazonian aquatic environments than VES. However, it highlights the complementary information of traditional methods to complete a database and corroborate the results. Sixty-two species have previously been recorded in the TRMB, of which 33 were detected using eDNA and VES in this study. This represents a small fraction of the species presumed to inhabit this region, as there are several unexplored areas where the batrachofauna diversity is unknown. Developing a monitoring program using two or more techniques is necessary to generate a complete picture of amphibian diversity in the TRMB. Also, to increase the detection rate of amphibians, using various types of environmental samples could expand the range of detection of terrestrial species or inhabitants of specific micro-ecosystems (e. g. , bromeliads, tree holes, leaf litter, etc. ). A traditional monitoring approach (VES) has been used for decades and has generated valuable information on biodiversity in some ecosystems, but specific taxonomic knowledge is needed, and sampling is invasive, complex, and time-consuming. eDNA-based techniques, when combined with VES, can generate robust and verifiable records that contribute to the development of conservation strategies in biodiversity hotspots. Supplementary Material. DOI: 10. 7717/peerj. 15455/supp-1 The authors would especially like to thank all the people who participated in the fieldwork: María José Sánchez, Alex Arias, Álvaro Pérez, ánez, Viviana Cabrera, Miguel Gómez, Carlos Carrasco, Samanta Oña; in the laboratory processes: Mónica Sánchez; in the bioinformatics analysis: Alex Sánchez, and the map design:. We would also like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. authors declare that they have no competing interests. conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the 7638. The following information was supplied regarding data availability: The data is available at figshare: Quilumbaquin, Walter (2022): eDNA and VES Supplemental Material. figshare. Collection.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 검사를 통해 수면 중 나타나는 큰 신체의 움직임을 직접 비디오로 확인하고 총 신체 움직임 지수를 계산하여 불안수면장애를 진단하고 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증이나 주기성 사지운동장애, 렘수면 행동 장애, 율동적 운동 장애와 같이 불안수면이나 움직임을 유발할 수 있는 다른 수면장애를 감별해야 한다[12].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: Положення про конфіденційність Цей журнал практикує політику негайного відкритого доступу до опублікованого змісту, підтримуючи принципи вільного поширення наукової інформації та глобального обміну знаннями задля загального суспільного прогресу. Інше Фінансування журналу. Видавець Інститут українознавства ім. І. Крип’якевича НАН України Останній випуск Україна: культурна спадщина, національна свідомість, державність. Вип. 39. DOI журналу : 10.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Environmental DNA (eDNA) is used to detect the presence of species in water bodies and ecosystems by analyzing genetic material in the environment. [SEP] Text: work was funded by VLIR-UOS through the project “DNA-based monitoring for assessing the effect of invasive species on aquatic communities in the Amazon basin of Ecuador” (ECU-SIN277). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 2009. Métodos de estimación, captura y contención de anfibios y reptiles Gustavo. Especificos por Grup. 1: 100. Angulo A, Rueda-Almonacid JV, Rodríguez-. 2006. Técnicas de inventario y monitoreo para los anfibios de la región tropical andina. Conservacion internacional. Apothéloz-Perret-éguen. 2021. Monitoring the ecological status of rivers with diatom eDNA metabarcoding: a comparison of taxonomic markers and analytical approaches for the inference of a molecular diatom index. 30(13):2959-2968 Apothéloz-Perret-. 2017. Taxonomy-free molecular diatom index for high-throughput eDNA biomonitoring. Resources 17(6):1231-1242 Baetens D. 2019. Ecological monitoring of amphibian breeding ponds in the flemish ardennes: from hand net to eDNA 2018-2019. Master’s Dissertation. Ghent University, Gent Bálint M, Nowak C, Márton O, Pauls SU. 2017. Twenty-five species of frogs in a liter of water: eDNA survey for exploring tropical frog diversity. bioRxiv 176065 Bálint M, Nowak C, Márton. 2018. Accuracy, limitations and cost efficiency of eDNA-based community survey in tropical frogs. Resources 18(6):1415-1426 Baloğlu. 2021. A workflow for accurate metabarcoding using nanopore MinION sequencing. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 12:794-804. 2017. The power of monitoring: optimizing survey designs to detect occupancy changes in a rare amphibian population. 7(1):16491 Barriga R. 2012. Peces de agua dulce e intermareales del Ecuador.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 또한 보다 정확한 기록과 평가를 위해서는 미국 수면 학회(Academy of Sleep Medicine) 의 권장 사항에 따라 비디오 수면다원검사 시 초당 1 비디오 프레임 이상이 녹화되도록 해야 한다[25]. 불안수면이 주 증상으로 나타나는 소아청소년에서 임상적 증상 및 수면다원검사 소견을 통해 불안수면장애를 진단하는 과정을 Fig. 2로 요약하였다. 치 료 현재 불안수면장애에 대한 표준화된 치료 지침은 없다.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: 33402/ukr. 2024DOI випуску: 10. 33402/ukr. 2024-39Україна: культурна спадщина, національна свідомість, державність гол. ред. Ігор Соляр, заст. гол. ред. Михайло Романюк; НАН України, Інститут українознавства ім. І. Крип’якевича. Львів, 2024. Вип. 39. 328 с. Збірник об’єднує студії з історії, археології, мовознавства та літературознавства. Статті історичного блоку розкривають актуальні проблеми історії, етнології та археології від найдавніших часів до сьогодення.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Environmental DNA (eDNA) is used to detect the presence of species in water bodies and ecosystems by analyzing genetic material in the environment. [SEP] Text: Quito: Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Escuela Politécnica Naciona. . 2014. Environmental DNA for wildlife biology and biodiversity monitoring. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 29(6):358-367. 2022. Optimal sequence similarity thresholds for clustering of molecular operational taxonomic units in DNA metabarcoding studies. Resources 23:368-381. 2004. False-positive results and contamination in nucleic acid amplification assays: suggestions for a prevent and destroy strategy. of & 23(4):289-299 Bosch R, García Padrón LY. 2017. Anfibios. In: Mancina y CA, Cruz DD, eds. Diversidad Biológica de Cuba: métodos de Inventario, Colecciones Biológicas. La Habana: Editorial AMA. 502. 2017. Development and application of an eDNA method to detect the critically endangered Trinidad golden tree frog (Phytotriades auratus) in Bromeliad Phytotelmata. 12(2):1-8 öm änfling B, Leese F, Mächler áñez. 2021. A practical guide to DNA-based methods for biodiversity assessment. Sofia: Pensoft Publishers. Celi JE, Villamarín F. 2020. Freshwater ecosystems of Mainland Ecuador: diversity, issues, and perspectives. Brasiliensia 32(5):403. 2015. Guía de anfibios de ikiam y reserva colonso chalupas. Tena. . 2009. Biological interactions in river ecosystems. In: Encyclopedia of Inland Waters. Amsterdam: Elsevier. 387-394 Céréghino R, Boix D, Cauchie H-M, Martens K, Oertli B. 2014. The ecological role of ponds in a changing world. Hydrobiologia 723(1):1-6 ächler E, Walser J-C, Altermatt F. 2016. Environmental DNA reveals that rivers are conveyer belts of biodiversity information. 7(1):12544. 2020. Host genotype and exercise exhibit species-level selection for members of the gut bacterial communities in the mouse digestive system. 10(1):381 Duellman WE. 1972.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 불안수면장애 진단 기준이 최근 마련되었기 때문에 불안수면장애의 치료와 관련된 정보는 아직 부족하며 다른 치료 방법 및 효과와 치료 기간에 대해 더 많은 연구가 필요하다. 결 론 최근 새로 정의된 불안수면장애는 다른 질환으로 설명되지 않는 수면 중 잦은 큰 움직임 및 각성과 심각한 주간 장애를 특징으로 하는 일차성 소아수면장애로 소아청소년에서 드물지 않은 수면장애이다.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: Дослідницьку увагу також зосереджено на постатях С. Гайдучка, Я. Стецька, діяльність яких є важливою для сприйняття та розуміння історії України. Вшановано ювілей відомого історика, фахівця з історії Польщі та українсько-польських відносин проф. В. Комара. Лінгвістичні студії репрезентують аналіз мовних явищ XV–XVIII ст. , проблеми історичної лексикографії та ономастики.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Environmental DNA (eDNA) is used to detect the presence of species in water bodies and ecosystems by analyzing genetic material in the environment. [SEP] Text: A new species of hyla from Amazonian ecuador. Copeia 1972(2):265. 2017. Fish community assessment with eDNA metabarcoding: effects of sampling design and bioinformatic filtering. of Fisheries and 74(9):1362-1374. 2021. Meta-analysis shows that environmental DNA outperforms traditional surveys, but warrants better reporting standards. Ecology and Evolution 11(9):4803-4815 ère J, Taberlet P, Pompanon F. 2010. An in silico approach for the evaluation of DNA barcodes. BMC Genomics 11(1):434. 2019. Environmental DNA and metabarcoding for the study of amphibians and reptiles: species distribution, the microbiome, and much more. Amphibia-Reptilia 40(2):129-148 Fiske I, Chandler R. 2011. unmarked: an R package for fitting hierarchical models of wildlife occurrence and abundance. Journal of 43(10):1-23. 2016. A framework for estimating the sensitivity of eDNA surveys. Resources 16(3):641-654 de Napo. 2015. Plan de desarrollo y ordenamiento territorial provincial de napo. Tena. -Reinoso D, Funk WC. 2006. Glass frogs (Centrolenidae) of Station, Ecuador, with the description of a new species and comments on centrolenid systematics. of the 147(4):489-513 Gwak H-J, Rho M. 2020. Data-driven modeling for species-level taxonomic assignment from 16S rRNA: application to human microbiomes. Frontiers in Microbiology 11:403 úrria C, Garcés-. 2019. Prospects and challenges of environmental DNA (eDNA) monitoring in freshwater ponds. Hydrobiologia 826(1):25-41 Hassall C. 2014. The ecology and biodiversity of urban ponds. 1(2):187-206. 2014. Environmental DNA—a review of the possible applications for the detection of (invasive) species. Report 2013-104. The Netherlands:. . 2001. Medición y monitoreo de la diversidad biológica: métodos estandarizados para anfibios. Argentina: Editorial.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 불안수면장애의 진단 기준에는 3개월 이상 지속되고 일주일에 3일 이상 발생하는 불안수면증상과 수면다원검사에서 확인된 시간당 최소 5회 이상 대근육의 큰 움직임, 수면의 질 저하로 인한 심한 주간 졸음 증상, 학업 성취도 저하, 과민성 또는 과잉행동 등의 주간 기능 애가 포함되고 6세 이상의 소아청소년에 적용된다.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: Дослідження з літературознавства зосереджено навколо аналізу творчості А. Франко-Ключко, доньки I. Франка, спогадів-есеїв нашого сучасника В. Неборака, а також репрезентовано маловідомі сторінки життя і творчості німецькомовного єврейського поета і перекладача з Буковини П. Целана. «Огляди та рецензії» презентують філологічні книжкові новинки, запрошуючи до читання та дискусій. Архів випусків About the journal Open access policy This journal realizes a policy of an immediate open access to the published content, supporting the principles of a free distribution of scientific information and a global exchange of knowledge for the sake of the common public progress.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Environmental DNA (eDNA) is used to detect the presence of species in water bodies and ecosystems by analyzing genetic material in the environment. [SEP] Text: Hurtado--Sarmiento E, Jarrín-Pérez F. 2020. assessment in data-scarce watersheds using model coupling, event sampling, and survey data. Water 12(10):2768 ürlemann. 2022. Meta-analysis shows both congruence and complementarity of DNA and eDNA metabarcoding to traditional methods for biological community assessment. 31(6):1820-1835 Lacoursière-. 2016. Improving herpetological surveys in eastern using the environmental DNA method1. Genome 59(11):991-1007 ácome--. 2016. Freshwater vertebrate and invertebrate diversity patterns in an Andean-Amazon basin: implications for conservation efforts. 2(1):99-114. 2017. eDNA metabarcoding: a promising method for anuran surveys in highly diverse tropical forests. Resources 17(5):904-914. 2017. Single-season occupancy models. In: and Modeling (Second Edition). Boston: Academic Press. . 2019. A rapid and accurate minION-based workflow for tracking species biodiversity in the field. Genes (Basel) 10(6):468 Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador. 2013. Sistema de clasificación de los ecosistemas del ecuador continental. Quito: Subsecretaría de patrimonio natural. Mueses-Cisneros JJ, Cisneros-. 2012. A new Amazonian species of Rhaebo (Anura: Bufonidae) with comments on Rhaebo glaberrimus (Günther, 1869) and Rhaebo guttatus (Schneider, 1799) Zootaxa 3447(1):22 Nevers MB, Przybyla-. 2020. Influence of sediment and stream transport on detecting a source of environmental DNA. 15:e0244086 Ordóñez L, Valle D, Veintimilla D. 2011. Descubriendo la fauna del bosque protector Colonso: área de bosque y vegetación protectora “Cuenca de los ríos Colonso, Tena, Shitie e Inchillaqui” Fundación Bosques para la Conservación. Quito, Ecuador: Ecuador.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 철분 결핍 기전, 수면 불안정성, 교감 신경 활성화 증가 등이 발병 기전으로 제시되며 하지 불안 증후군과 유사하게 철분 보충이 증상 개선에 도움이 된다. 아직 진단에 있어 모든 환자에서 수면다원검사를 시행하는 것에 현실적 어려움이 있고 발병 기전과 치료에 대한 이해가 부족하므로 다른 방법을 통한 진단, 생애 주기에 따른 자연적인 경과, 임상적 장애 정도 및 동반 질환, 다른 치료 방법 등에 대한 추가 연구가 필요하다.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: Year of foundation 1992 Focus and scope The interdisciplinary journal brings together studies in history, linguistics and literary studies. The historical block is represented by studies of current problems of history, as well as researches about outstanding persons and their importance in the formation of Ukrainian statehood. Linguistic studies primarily exposes the problems of Ukrainian language history and dialectology. Literary studies focus on analyzing writers' works in the context of world history and culture. DOI ISSN 2223-1196 (print) Certificate of state registration Identifier in the Register of R30-03117 dated March 14, 2024 Publication frequency Twice a year The collection is indexed at international scientometric database: 1. Соляр, І. , Красівський, О. , Муравський, О. (2019). Діяльність Західно-Українського товариства Ліги Націй у 1922–1924 рр. Сторінки історії, 49, 75–84. DOI: 10. 20535/2307-5244. 49. 2019. 1895572. Soliar, I. , Sholota K. (2019). Ukrainian issue at the Congresses in the second half of the 1920-ies (based on the periodical «Dilo»). Східноєвропейський історичний вісник, 11, 142–168. DOI: 10. 24919/2519-058x. 11. 1713143. Murawśkyj, O, Solіar, I. (2019).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Environmental DNA (eDNA) is used to detect the presence of species in water bodies and ecosystems by analyzing genetic material in the environment. [SEP] Text: Ministerio del Ambiente: Fundación Bosques para la Conservación. Ortega-Andrade HM. 2010. Diversidad de la herpetofauna en la centro Amazonía de ecuador. Instituto de Ecologico. Ortega--Heredia DF, Guerra Arévalo N, López de Vargas-Machuca KG, Sánchez-Nivicela JC, Armijos-Ojeda D, Cáceres Andrade JF, Reyes-ékely P, O, Székely D, Guayasamin J, Siavichay Pesántez írez-Jaramillo SM, Timbe-Borja B, Gómez ávez Jácome D, Posse V, Valle-Piñuela C, Padilla Jiménez D, Reyes-Puig JP, Terán-érez Lara MB, Carvajal-Endara S, Urgilés M, Yánez Muñoz MH. 2021. assessment of amphibian species of Ecuador: a multidimensional approach for their conservation. 16(5):e0251027. 2021. Environmental DNA for biomonitoring. 30(13):2931-2936 Pedersen MW, Overballe-øe. 2015. Ancient and modern environmental DNA. of the B: 370(1660):20130383. 2020. BOLD and GenBank revisited—do identification errors arise in the lab or in the sequence libraries? 15(4):e0231814 Pereira JL. 2014. La crisis biológica de los anfibios. Ecologistas en acción de León. . 2014. Optimizing occupancy surveys by maximizing detection probability: application to amphibian monitoring in the Mediterranean region. Ecology and Evolution 4(18):3538-3549 Polanco Fernández -Pérez ález Corredor JD, Acosta-Chaparro A, Hocdé. 2021. Comparing environmental DNA metabarcoding and underwater visual census to monitor tropical reef fishes. Environmental DNA 3(1):142-156 Pozo J, Elosegi A, Díez J, Molinero J. 2009.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: of InterestThe author has no potential conflicts of interest to disclose None Fig. 1. Large muscle group movement artifacts during polysomnographic recording in a child with restless sleep disorder. The movements interrupt a period of stable non-REM sleep stage N2 with regular breathing, are associated to increased EMG activity and heart rate. EOG, electro-oculogram; LOC, left ocular; ROC, right ocular; EEG, electroencephalogram; EKG, electrocardiogram; EMG, electromyogram; REM, rapid eye movement. Fig. 2. Algorithm for diagnosis of restless sleep disorder (RSD) and secondary restless sleep. Evaluation of children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years with restless sleep must include a full history, physical examination, and video-PSG to identify large body movements and differentiate between other sleep, medical or psychiatric disorders. PSG, polysomnography; ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Table 1. Comparison of RSD with other sleep-related movement disorders in children and adolescents -related bruxism Nocturnal symptoms Frequent large body movements during sleep Urge to move legs usually accompanied by leg discomfort in the evening Sleep disruption Repetitive stereotypic and rhythmic movements Tooth grinding sounds during sleep symptoms Sleepiness, hyperactivity, mood change Sleepiness, hyperactivity Sleepiness, fatigue, or cognitive deficits - Jaw pain, headache, fatigue Family history positive 20%–30% familial pattern PSG finding ≥5 large movements/hr ↑ Awakenings PLMI >5 Rhythmic movements more common in N1 and N2 ↑ Masseter muscle activity ↑ Awakenings ↓ Total sleep time ↓ Total sleep time ↑ Total leg movements Normal leg movements Comorbidities ADHD, parasomnia ADHD, renal disease, hypothyroidism narcolepsy, ADHD Upper airway resistance deficiency Iron deficiency Iron deficiency Self soothing ↑ Sympathetic activity during arousals Sleep instability Medication effect Medication effect Other unknown ↑ Sympathetic activity Other unknown Other unknown Other unknown supplementation Iron supplementation Iron supplementation guard Muscle relaxants RSD, restless sleep disorder; RLS, restless legs syndrome; PLMD, periodic limb movement disorder; RMD, rhythmic movement disorder; PSG, polysomnography; PLMI, periodic limb movement index; ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disease; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea 1. Ohayon MM.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: Procesy społeczno-polityczne w Ukraińskiej SRR: osobliwości, tendencje, skutki (przełom lat osiemdziesiątych i dziewięćdziesiątych XX w. ). Pamięc i Sprawiedliwośc, 33, 252–270. Retrieved from: Monographs: 1. Соляр, І. Консолідаційні процеси національно-державницьких сил Західної України (1923 – 1928). Львів: Інститут українознавства ім. І. Крип’якевича НАН України, 2010. 150 с. 2. Соляр, І. Зовнішні орієнтації національно-державницьких партій Західної України (1923 – 1939). Львів: Інститут українознавства ім. І. Крип’якевича НАН України, 2011. 356 с. 1. Соляр, І.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Environmental DNA (eDNA) is used to detect the presence of species in water bodies and ecosystems by analyzing genetic material in the environment. [SEP] Text: Dinámica y relevancia de la materia orgánica. Fundación. Conceptos y técnicas en ecología fluvial. Fundación. Pramuk JB. 2006. Phylogeny of Bufo (Anura: Bufonidae) inferred from combined evidence. of the 146(3):407-452 R Core Team. 2021. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: Foundation for Statistical Computing. ña T, Goethals P, Cevallos-der heyden C. 2018. DNA-based monitoring of the alien invasive crayfish Procambarus clarkii in Andean lakes (Ecuador) Limnologica 70:20-25 Rios M, Ordóñez-Delgado L, Cueva R, Zapata-Ríos G, Chapalbay R, comunidad Alto Tena. 2018. Ecuador birds of the kichwa chakra at the alto tena community. Tena. . 2006. Comparative study of methods for extraction and purification of environmental DNA from soil and sludge samples. and Biotechnology 134(2):97-112. 2019. Anfibios del Ecuador. Museo de zoología, pontifica universidad católica del Ecuador. In: PUCE. . 2019. Past, present, and future perspectives of environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding: a systematic review in methods, monitoring, and applications of global eDNA. and Conservation 17:e00547. 2017. Environmental DNA characterization of amphibian communities in the forest: potential application for conservation of a rich and threatened fauna. 215(6):225-232. 2020. Reference databases, primer choice, and assay sensitivity for environmental metabarcoding: lessons learnt from a re-evaluation of an eDNA fish assessment in the Volga headwaters. and Applications 36(7):1004-1013. 2015. Modeling the sensitivity of field surveys for detection of environmental DNA (eDNA) 10(10):1-16. 2016. Comparison of environmental DNA metabarcoding and conventional fish survey methods in a river system. 197:131-138 Shaw K, Sesardić. 2008. Comparison of the effects of sterilisation techniques on subsequent DNA profiling. of 122(1):29-33.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: Prevalence and correlates of nonrestorative sleep complaints. Med 2005;165:35-41. 2. ’Ambrosio C, et al. Pediatric sleep duration consensus statement: a step forward. J Med 2016;12:1705-1706. 3. Kothare SV, Kaleyias J. The clinical and laboratory assessment of the sleepy child. Neurol 2008;15:61-69. 4. Kotagal S. Hypersomnia in children: interface with psychiatric disorders. 2009;18:967-977. 5. Association of Centers and the Association for the of Sleep. Diagnostic classification of sleep and arousal disorders. 1979 first edition. Sleep 1979;2:1-154. 6. Bandla H, Splaingard M. Sleep problems in children with common medical disorders. 2004;51:203-227. 7. . A review of pediatric nonrespiratory sleep disorders. Chest 2006;130:1252-1262. 8. Restless sleep in children: a systematic review. Rev 2021;56:101406. 9. . Common sleep disorders in children. Physician 2022;105:168-176. 10. . Restless sleep disorder in children: a pilot study on a tentative new diagnostic category. Sleep 2018;41:zsy102. 11. Consensus diagnostic criteria for a newly defined pediatric sleep disorder: restless sleep disorder (RSD). 2020;75:335-340. 12. . Video-polysomnographic characterization of sleep movements in children with restless sleep disorder. Sleep 2019;42:zsy269. 13. . The prevalence of restless sleep disorder among a clinical sample of children and adolescents referred to a sleep centre. J 2019;28:e12870. 14. DelRosso LM, Vega-. Assessment of executive and cognitive functions in children with restless sleep disorder: a pilot study. 2022;12:1289. 15. . Comparison between oral ferrous sulfate and intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in children with restless sleep disorder. Sleep 2021;44:zsaa155. 16. Evidence-based and consensus clinical practice guidelines for the iron treatment of restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease in adults and children: an task force report. 2018;41:27-44. 17. á A, Allen RP.

Output: contrast