Input: Claim: Composting is a sustainable method to handle unavoidable food waste. [SEP] Text: Hernández-Gómez A, Calderón A, Medina C, Sanchez-Torres V, Oviedo-Ocaña E R. Implementation of strategies to optimize the co-composting of green waste and food waste in developing countries. A case study: Colombia. Pollut Res. 2020;1–7. ’. Feedstock mixture composition as key factor for C/P ratio and phosphorus availability in composts: role of biodegradation potential, biochar amendment and calcium content. Valorization. 2017;8:2553–67. . Co-composting of green waste and food waste at low C/N ratio. Waste Manag. 2010;30:602–09. . Sustainable recycling of municipal solid waste in developing countries. Waste Manag. 2009;29:915–23. . Chemical and physical properties of pruning waste compost and their seasonal variability. Bioresour Technol. 2006; 97: 2071–76. . Compost quality attributes, measurements, and variability. In: editors. in Systems. Boca Raton: Lewis Publishers; 2001. p. 95–120. Effects of inoculation with Phanerochaete chrysosporium at various time points on enzyme activities during agricultural waste composting. Bioresour Technol. 2010;101:222–27. Dulac N. The organic waste flow in integrated sustainable waste management. In: Scheinberg A, editor. Tools for Decision-Makers-Experiences from the (1995–2001). Nieuwehaven: WASTE; 2001. . A standardized Dewar test for evaluation of compost self-heating. BioCycle 1995;36:1–16. . Phytotoxicity indices of organic residues during composting. Vegetal 2007;7:28–37 [in Spanish]. . Norma Técnica Colombiana NTC 5167. Productos para la industria agrícola. Productos orgánicos usados como abonos o fertilizantes y enmiendas de suelo. Bogotá: de Normas Técnicas y Certificación; 2004. . Methods for Dietary Fiber, Fiber, and in Relation to Animal Nutrition. J Dairy Sci. 1991;74:3583–97. . Technologies.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Virtual learning has no impact on students’ social skills or development. [SEP] Text: The main research questions cover the readiness of the modern educational system manage and solve educational problems arising from the joint interaction among internal biological, cognitive, emotional, behavioral characteristics of the student, the school environment, parental involvement and the wider so. . . The dissertation research has based on Holistic approach in education that indicates the need of a successful inclusive setting for students with Needs (SEN) with flexible management of all those subsystems near to them that influence their academic evolution. The purpose of the empirical study has to investigate the compact and differentiated influence of the interaction between internal (biological, cognitive, emotional and behavioral) factors and external (familial and socio-pedagogical) factors on the educational progress of students with SEN in the inclusive environment of mainstream secondary school as an indicator of the application of a holistic approach. The main research questions cover the readiness of the modern educational system manage and solve educational problems arising from the joint interaction among internal biological, cognitive, emotional, behavioral characteristics of the student, the school environment, parental involvement and the wider social environment, and the specific influences of this interaction on the learning competence of students with SEN in the mainstream secondary school class. Τhe applied quantitative strategy aims to extract information about the influence of significant factors on the effectiveness of teaching, learning and the adequate management of inclusive environments. Α standardized questionnaire has developed to bring out empirical arguments in support of the specific scientific thesis and assess through special education teachers’ answers readiness of educational, parental and social environment cover in a holistic way the needs of students with SEN with specific biological, behavioral, emotional and cognitive characteristics. The questionnaire captures the diversity of interactions that occur in the different aspects of the holistic paradigm in an inclusive environment, presenting it as a useful educational model for meeting non-special educational needs at secondary school age. The research has carried out in mainstream secondary schools of Greece during the academic years of 2022-2023 and one hundred special education teachers from various prefectures of Greece completed a questionnaire for 200 of their students with SEN that attend inclusive settings in mainstream school. The obtained results of the empirical study have presented in the context of the derived еmotional-behavioral profile and learning performance of adolescent students with SEN in mainstream school, the characteristics of their family, school and social environment, as well as the differential influence of internal factors and specific socio-pedagogical factors on behavior and learning.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: CRISPR technology allows for precise editing of genomic sequences. [SEP] Text: inant DNA reagentepB-UbC_CymRV5 -nls-GFP-DEx2this paperAddgene: 119906ePiggyBac mammalian expression plasmid for CymR-GFP fusionRecombinant DNA reagentepB-UbC_CymRV5 -nls-Halox2_DEx4this paperAddgene: 119907ePiggyBac mammalian expression plasmid for CymR-Halo fusionRecombinant DNA reagentepB-UbC_tdMS2cp -tagRFP-Tx2this paperAddgene: 119908ePiggyBac mammalian expression plasmid for tandem dimer MS2cp-tagRFP-T fusionRecombinant DNA reagentepB_CAG_TetRFlag- nls-tdTom-DEx4this paperAddgene: 119909ePiggyBac mammalian expression plasmid for TetR-tdTom fusionRecombinant DNA reagentepB_CAG_TetRFlag-nls_GFPx2_DEx2this paperAddgene: 119910ePiggyBac mammalian expression plasmid for TetR-GFP fusionRecombinant DNA reagentePiggyBac-Transposasethis paperAddgene: 119911Mammalian expression plasmid for the etransposesRecombinant DNA reagentpKS_Sox2-P2A-puro- 24xMS_targeting_ vector_NoPAMthis paperTargeting vector for generating Sox2-MS2 alleleRecombinant DNA reagentpX330-Sox2_3' UTR_gRNAthis paperCas9/sgRNA expression vector with gRNA that targets the Sox2 3' reagentpX330-Sox2- 8C_gRNAthis paperCas9/sgRNA expression vector with gRNA that targets 8 kb centromeric to Sox2 reagentpX330-Sox2- 43T_gRNAthis paperCas9/sgRNA expression vector with gRNA that targets 43 kb telomeric to Sox2 reagentpX330-Sox2- 117T_gRNAthis paperCas9/sgRNA expression vector with gRNA that targets 117 kb tel

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Composting is a sustainable method to handle unavoidable food waste. [SEP] Text: In terms of composting time, the first 3 weeks had the most significant impact on decomposition for TPS-blend bags. However, with PLA-blend bags, an increase in decomposition level was observed for a longer duration, as depicted in Figure 17. During decomposition rate calculations, microp5. 1 Evolution of temperature and water content during composting Composting time, water content, and temperature are paramount factors influencing decomposition of compostable materials. During the experiments composting period, the evolution of temperatures and water contents followed typical patterns observed in the composting of biowaste, albeit with some expected variations and inhomogeneities. In all containers, the recorded temperatures consistently surpassed the threshold of 75°C, indicative of robust microbial activity and effective decomposition processes. Towards the end of intensive rotting phase, temperatures remained elevated, exceeding 65°C. This sustained thermal profile not only met the hygiene standards outlined by the BioAbfVO (2022) regarding material sanitization but also underscored the vigorous degradation activity within the containers. However, the rotting material degradation was still ongoing. Maintaining appropriate water content throughout composting is crucial for effective decomposition, as indicated by guidelines set forth by BGK (2017, 2018). Initially, the water content of the incorporated rotting material fell within the recommended range of 50–65%, aligning with optimal conditions for composting. Instances of drying out connected with interruption of microbial degradation in general occurred in certain nets, where the average water contents dropped to approximately 20%, accompanied by lower temperature levels. This drying phenomenon can be attributed primarily to the intense aeration during the active decomposition phase. Additionally, water transfer occurred due to the higher water contents within the nets compared to the surrounding material. To address suboptimal water content levels, a targeted humidification process was implemented during the post-rotting phase. While this intervention positively influenced activity within the composting material, it did not result in significant changes in BDP decomposition rates. This lack of pronounced improvement in decomposition rates post-humidification suggests a potential disruption of the established BDP-relevant microbial biocenosis, likely induced by abrupt cooling coupled with heightened humidity levels. Nets with lower average water content in the rotted material (Figure 10) tended to exhibit more remaining BDP p5. 2 Decomposition of BDP bags—p6.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Virtual learning has no impact on students’ social skills or development. [SEP] Text: The discussion of the empirical information substantiates the main points in the raised scientific hypotheses, but also reveals new data on the interrelationships. They concern the professional preparation of special educators in the secondary school and the real conditions in which they support learning of students with SEN, create a climate of cooperation with teachers and other students in the relevant educational unit. The study has registered multiple roles of special educators in the secondary school that require conscientiousness and a high sense of responsibility, but also clearly has outlined a need for their strengthening. In the situation of the reforming educational system, the results allow to derive scientific generalizations and specific recommendations for improvement in Greece and other EU countries, despite the fact that there have some limitations in the information sources of the dissertation work. In the era of priority digitalization, the need for flexibility, balance of contradictions, management of microsystems and macrosystems in mainstream inclusive settings, vigilance for violated students' rights, cooperation in the interdisciplinary team between special education teachers, mainstream teachers, parents, cooperation with school and society, better conditions of learning and living, development of social relationships and communication skills in a more SEN supportive community, is increasing. περισσότερα Διαβάστε τη διατριβή (Online) Κατεβάστε τη διατριβή σε μορφή PDF (3.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: CRISPR technology allows for precise editing of genomic sequences. [SEP] Text: omeric to Sox2 reagentpX330-Sox2- 164T_gRNAthis paperCas9/sgRNA expression vector with gRNA that targets 164 kb telomeric to Sox2 reagentpX330-Sox2- 104T_gRNAthis paperCas9/sgRNA expression vector with gRNA that targets 104 kb telomeric to Sox2 reagentpX330-Sox2- 112T_gRNAthis paperCas9/sgRNA expression vector with gRNA that targets 112 kb telomeric to Sox2 reagentpX330-Sox2- 242T_gRNAthis paperCas9/sgRNA expression vector with gRNA that targets 242 kb telomeric to Sox2 TSSSequence-based reagentSox2 qPCR paper5'--3'Sequence-based reagentSox2 qPCR paper5'--3'Sequence-based reagentSox2 qPCR 129 allele Probethis paper5'-/56-FAM//ZEN// 3IABkFQ/−3'Sequence-based reagentSox2 qPCR Cast allele Probethis paper5'-/56-FAM//ZEN// 3IABkFQ/−3'Sequence-based reagentTbp qPCR paper5'--3'Sequence-based reagentTbp qPCR paper5'--3'Sequence-based reagentTbp qPCR Pan allele Probethis paper5'-/56-FAM// ZEN//3IABkFQ/−3'Sequence-based reagentGenotyping PCR Primersthis papersee Supplementary file 1Sequence-based reagentguide sequencesthis papersee Supplementary file 2Peptide, recombinant proteinLeukemia inhibitory factor (Lif)Peprotech250–02Peptide, recombinant proteinAPC-StreptavidinBD-Biosciences554067; RRID:AB_10050396Flow 1:200Peptide, recombinant proteinInsulinSigmaI6634Peptide, recombinant proteinEpidermal growth factor (EGF)Peprotech315–09Peptide, recombinant proteinFibroblast growth factor basic (Fgfb)R and D Systems233-FBPept

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Green roofs help improve insulation in buildings, reducing energy costs. [SEP] Text: As for how to control the heating equipment, it was most common that it was mostly set to one temperature and the occupants left the place in the same way. About 40% of homes stay that way during the day. Several households adjusted the temperature based on the time of their stay. This number makes up about 26% of households. About 17% of households adjust the temperature to one degree by programming with a thermostat, and about 15% of households manually increase or decrease the temperature by turning the thermostat. Most of the time, the house temperature is set around 70 degrees Fahrenheit (21. 11 °C). Scenarios used in this modelScenario 1—using thermal insulationThe thermal parameters affecting the thermal load of the building are as follows: A. Receiving direct radiation: The heat that enters the space through the direct entry of radiation from windows and other transparent surfaces; B. Receiving through the shell: The heat obtained from the absorption of radiation by the components of the shell such as walls and windows and the ceiling is returned to the room. Scenario 1 depends on which material is used to improve the energy; C. Receiving through ventilation and air leakage: Heat resulting from the exchange of indoor air with outdoor air, such as leaks from gaps and locations that are not well sealed, such as porous materials or the sea; D. Internal receipt: heat from lighting equipment such as LED lamps and other equipment and the number of people present in residential buildings and the type of activity of people in the residential neighborhood; E. Internal reception of zones: The heat transferred between adjacent zones due to the temperature difference between them through the wall of the window and the ceiling and floor between the two floors of a building in a residential neighborhood that consists of 9 blocks. One of the best and easiest ways to keep the house warm in the winter and cool in the summer is insulation. If your house is insulated, it will be 5 degrees warmer in winter and 10 degrees cooler in summer. The most important thing to keep in mind when choosing insulation for your home is its thermal resistance. The higher the thermal resistance of the insulation, the less heat will pass through the insulation. As a result, the amount of savings in fossil energy consumption will also increase. Note that the thermal resistance of the insulation does not mean that its diameter is thicker. A. Roofs of buildings; B.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: EdTech can provide a completely equitable education experience for everyone. [SEP] Text: Log in or to journalnew issue alertsGet alerts Enter your Email address: Subscribe to e0611. E-mail: [email protected]. All participants consented to participate in the study. This study was deemed exempt by the Board (No. STU00213337) Data with encrypted personal information can be made available by emailing the authors and providing a project proposal. Data are not available publicly because of privacy concerns. The authors received financial support from the Area of program through the School of Medicine for statistical support and presentation of data at conferences. Supplemental digital content is available for this 2023. This is an open-access 4. 0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. Journal of 19(4):p 223-230, 10/12 2023. | DOI: 10. 1097/JFN. 0000000000000444 has shown the viability of telehealth consultations to provide medical forensic services, particularly in areas with a dearth of medical examiners. This study examined Illinois hospital administrators' willingness to utilize telehealth to meet new requirements under Act 100-0775, which intends to increase timely access to quality forensic examiners. Consequently, as of March 2021, roughly half of Illinois hospitals unable to meet these requirements have opted not to treat some or all patients presenting for medical forensic services of sexual assault. surveyed and conducted in-depth interviews (between October 2020 and April 2021) with 65 hospital administrators responsible for implementing Act 100-0775. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to analyze survey results. study found limited staffing resources and difficulties educating and training new forensic medical examiners were the major barriers to providing acute medical forensic services. The overwhelming majority of respondents (95%) saw opportunities to use telehealth across all aspects of the medical forsenic evaluation. Barriers to implementing telehealth included perceived patient discomfort with telehealth technology and current legislative restrictions. efforts to mandate timely access to qualified medical forensic examiners can unintentionally exacerbate disparities in access to care. Illinois hospital administrators are receptive to utilizing telehealth to improve access to forensic examiners, particularly in lower-resourced hospitals. method for responding to staffing shortages and improving equitable access to forensic sexual assault services may include implementing networks of qualified forensic examiners that support on-site clinicians in lower-resourced areas via telehealth.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: CRISPR technology allows for precise editing of genomic sequences. [SEP] Text: ide, recombinant proteinNatural mouse lamininThermo Fisher23017015Peptide, recombinant proteinBone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4)R and D Systems314 BPPeptide, recombinant proteinVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)R and D Systems293-VEPeptide, recombinant proteinActivin AR and D Systems338-ACpeptide, recombinant proteinFibroblast growth factor 10 (Fgf10)R and D Systems345-FGPeptide, recombinant proteinLaminin-511iWaichemN-892011Chemical compound, drug36975Chemical compound, drugascorbic acidSigmaA45-44Chemical compound, drug1-thioglycerolSigmaM6145Chemical compound, drugPD03259010SelleckchemS1036Chemical compound, drugCHIR99021SelleckchemS2924Chemical compound, drug5,6-Dichlorobenzimidazole 1-β-D-ribofuranosideSigmaD1916Chemical compound, drugJF646PMID: 28869757Software, algorithmMS2Reporter AnalysisPipeline_knn Model.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Green roofs help improve insulation in buildings, reducing energy costs. [SEP] Text: 5a Site Data–Daily and b Site Data–MonthlyFull size imageAmong the points to be considered for checking the energy produced in terms of cooling, it can be seen in Fig. 6a and b, this value will reach something like 400. Also, in terms of heating, this constant soft value will follow 100. Our heating according to Climatic conditions will be very low,and it will follow the number 100 from Lat. Fig. 6a Temperature and heat gains and b Temperatures, heat gains, and energy consumptionFull size imageAccording to Fig. 7, all information such as temperatures, dry air temperature, leasing, roofs, walls, interior space, exterior space, these internal and external locations, and the amount of cooling and heating in the above diagram is presented accurately and in detail during different hours of the day. Fig. 7shading analysisFull size imageAccording to Fig. 8, the value of the final temperatures up to 55 degrees Fahrenheit (12. 78 °C), the reflection temperature up to 50 degrees Fahrenheit (10 °C) and the temperature of dry air up to 53 degrees Fahrenheit (11. 67 °C) were considered. Also, the value of our Sensible heating was considered to be about 40 kBtu/h. Fig. 8Temperature and heat lossFull size imageBy examining Table 7, the priorities of the solutions are as follows: A. The biggest reduction in the building’s electricity demand is achieved by installing shades on the south windows, with a return time of 4. 017. This measure not only shows the short payback time but also brings convenience to the residents; B. The second way to save energy consumption is to insulate the walls and roof, with a payback of 1. 2 and 7. 43 years, respectively. This solution brings peace to the residents and prevents the penetration of moisture; C. Next appropriate action is to use BMS with 3. 75 years of payback time. This saves energy and provides comfort and peace of mind for the occupants, as the indoor temperature is adjusted to the desired level after some time after the occupant’s return; D. The next proposed solution is the construction of green walls on the facade of the building, which has both an aesthetic aspect and an aspect of saving cooling/heating energy with a payback time of 1. 40 years. Another solution that significantly reduces the electricity bills of the building is to replace the lights with LED lamps.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: EdTech can provide a completely equitable education experience for everyone. [SEP] Text: TABLE 1 - to Levels of QMPs (Applied) by Percentage of Education/training 22% Unable to find staff interested in becoming a qualified medical provider 16% Staff turnover related to this role 15% Unable to find qualified applicants 13% Not enough volume of patients who would benefit from services offered by these providers 11% Budget issues 9% Other 7. 14% Not a priority for hospital administration 3% No barriers 2% Note. QMPs = qualified medical providers. Participants reported the high cost of training, limited availability of training, and regulations increasing the requirements for QMP qualifications as barriers. Furthermore, limited access to qualified instructors and simulations has made training staff difficult. For rural hospitals, accessing training posed a logistical challenge. The TH interviewee detailed, “Every training was practically up in Wisconsin. It is a hard place to send your nurses when you only have eight of them and they are going to be gone for four days. ” COVID-19 also presented additional challenges to the logistics of hosting training sessions. Furthermore, decreases in patient volumes because of COVID-19 made it difficult for trainees to complete the necessary patient contact hours to gain certification. In free text, survey participants further described issues of staff turnover, including issues of burnout because of rigor of training in addition to existing job duties, difficulty completing training in a timely fashion because of low volumes, and nurses pursuing other opportunities. As respondents wrote, inadequate staffing leads to a cycle of increased work requirements, leading to burnout, and potentially a worsening of the shortage. Twenty-eight percent of respondents reported “other” barriers for which a low volume of patients requiring acute medical forensic services was frequently cited. As one respondent wrote, low volume was unable to offset “costs of education, competency, on-going training, on call pay, and number of staff needed to maintain call schedule. ” Although budget was one of the least cited barriers, budget-specific barriers included insufficient reimbursement for sexual assault forensic services and COVID-19-related budget cuts. Findings on can be used to provide care to patients presenting for medical forensic services through two main telehealth modalities. One form is asynchronous telehealth or the delivery of healthcare data (such as patient information, description of bruise marks, forensic photography, documentation, and decision making or abuse findings) to a forensic examiner for evaluation.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: CRISPR technology allows for precise editing of genomic sequences. [SEP] Text: pythis paperPython scripts can be accessed on github (Alexander, 2018; copy archived at fluorescent beadsThermo FisherT7279Commerical assay, kit4854Commerical assay, kit23319 Additional files Supplementary file 1 Protocol for insert of cuO-/tetO-arrays into mouse ESCs. Protocols for targeting the cuO and/or tetO array(s) into genomic regions of interest in mouse ESCs. Download elife-41769-supp1-v1. pdf Supplementary file 2 Primer sequences used in cell line characterization.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Green roofs help improve insulation in buildings, reducing energy costs. [SEP] Text: Furthermore, the highest unused energy is in August. Fig. 10Normalized energy production graphFull size imageFigure 11 shows sun azimuth and global irradiation compared with our specific location, Orlando, Florida. Fig. 11Comparison of sun azimuth and global irradiation in Orlando, FloridaFull size imageCreating shadows on windows or glass walls prevents direct sunlight from hitting the glass surface, and as a result, the heat created by the sunlight in the space behind the glass is greatly reduced. This amount of reduction depends on the location of the created shadow. When a shade is created on the outer surface of the glass, a very small amount of the sun’s thermal energy is transferred to the space behind the glass. Because the heat transfer, in this case, is in the form of (conduction) and (radiation) heat transfer is rarely conducted through the glass and transparent objects do not pass long wavelength rays. But when the internal shutter curtain is used to prevent direct sunlight from entering, the direct sunlight passes through the glass and the shutter curtain is affected by its thermal effect. After the shutter curtain is heated, it transfers its heat to the surroundings using long-wavelength waves, and since this heat cannot pass through the glass, it is only transferred to the interior space, causing this space to heat up. The result of this modeling report that was done in this case shows that external canopies can reduce up to 90% of the thermal effect of sunlight inside a room. In retractable awnings, it is possible to open the awning in times of intense sunlight or heavy rain and provide protection against them. Studies show that the air under the canopy can be up to 20 degrees cooler. Also, the lack of direct sunlight entering the interior of the house prevents excessive heat and more use of air conditioning. It is necessary to point out that this reduces the cost of air conditioning. Also, the use of solar energy can reduce the annual heat load by 80% in cold and sunny areas and by 50% in cloudy areas by using PV- syst® software with good design. The correct canopy and ventilation strategy in buildings with high thermal mass can reduce 80% of the annual cooling load. ConclusionThis work technically-economically studied 13 solutions to bring energy efficiency to a residential neighborhood in a Florida city. has good solar radiation, the use of solar systems for air conditioning and power generation for the building has been explored.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: EdTech can provide a completely equitable education experience for everyone. [SEP] Text: - Increased access to care: In areas with a shortage of QMPs to serve patients presenting for medical forensic services, telehealth can be utilized to provide clinicians in these areas with support from QMPs so that patients presenting for medical forensic services can receive treatment in their communities. - Initial intake process, if transferring: In areas without QMPs, telehealth can allow for a QMP to provide patients presenting for medical forensic services with information about next steps of the forensic process, reducing stress on the patient and, if applicable, the guardian. If for some reason the patient decides not to transfer, the QMP can still outline follow-up steps and community resources via telehealth. - Telehealth for backup coverage: QMPs can provide backup for one another in cases of emergencies or schedule changes via telehealth. - Training: Cost, distance to training, and time away from clinical duties represent one of the major barriers for hospitals to establish enough providers. Conducting as much training as feasible in a virtual format could lessen the training burden through remote access to a qualified preceptor. In addition, training can continue during periods of disruption such as seasonal travel advisories, inclement weather, or stay-at-home orders. - Mentorship: Telehealth can be utilized to provide real-time feedback and mentorship between more experienced QMPs and those with less experience to build the capacity of junior QMPs to operate independently. - Peer-review process: Asynchronous telehealth can allow for hospitals to share cases, documentations, and photos on a secure platform that will enable information sharing between experts from other hospitals as a means of peer-reviewing and providing expert second opinion. More ambitiously, states can implement a network of synchronous 24/7 support to hospitals using the model studied by the Program (Walsh et al. , 2019). The options for telehealth are expansive and flexible to meet the needs of each state or hospital system(s). only captured about 40% of all the hospitals in Illinois subject to mandates. Furthermore, we only surveyed about 26% of the TRHs, making it difficult to get a full picture of the issues facing these hospitals. It is possible that the types of hospitals surveyed in this study are different from hospital administrators who chose not to complete the survey.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: CRISPR technology allows for precise editing of genomic sequences. [SEP] Text: List of PCR primer sequences and expected amplicon size used in the study. Brief description of the purpose of each primer pair is included. Download elife-41769-supp2-v1. csv Supplementary file 3 20 bp guide RNA sequences used inCas9 genome engineering. List of 20 bp sequences homologous to the mouse 129 genome designed intoCas9 sgRNAs. Targeted genomic location (mm9 coordinates), genome strand, and brief description of purpose for sgRNA is included. Download elife-41769-supp3-v1. csv Supplementary file 4 Data table from 3D tracking of cuO/CymR and tetO/TetR labels. All data used in the study for cuO/CymR and tetO/TetR localization. C1 refers to Channel 1 (cuO/CymR). C2 refers to Channel2 (tetO/TetR). For examples of raw and denoised data files that were used for this analysis, see doi: 10. 5281/zenodo.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: LEED certification is awarded to buildings that meet specific sustainability criteria. [SEP] Text: Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Dergisi Araştırma ütüphaneme Ekle × Araştırma Oluştur öster Evaluation of in Terms of Energy and Atmosphere Criteria: of Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 322 - 335, 30. 06. 2021 İbrahim Erol Gözde Çakır Kıasıf Cited By: 1 Öz 50% of the energy consumption in the world and 40% of the fossil fuel consumption occur in the building life cycle processes. At the same time, these processes constitute 50% of the release of substances that create greenhouse gas effects and 24% of the total air pollution. In this sense, the relationship of structures with energy and atmosphere is of vital importance for all living things. Many disciplines around the world work on reducing environmental problems. The concept of sustainability and sustainable architecture, which emerged as a result of these studies, made it possible to discuss the environmental effects of the building sector. In this context, various certification systems aimed at measuring the sustainability levels of architectural products have been developed. One of these systems, the LEED green building certification system, which is widely used in our country, has allocated a large share to the Energy and Atmosphere criteria in the scoring system. The study aims to analyze the situation by revealing the strengths and weaknesses of the LEED-certified office buildings in Maslak in terms of Energy and Atmosphere criteria and to make suggestions for improvement. The study aims to analyze the situation by revealing the strengths and weaknesses of the LEED-certified office buildings in Maslak in terms of Energy and Atmosphere criteria and to make suggestions for improvements and improvements. In this context, No: 1, and projects have been evaluated in terms of 'Performance', 'On-Energy', ‘Enhanced Commissioning', 'Mgmt', 'Measurement and Verification (Base Building- Tenant Submetering)' and 'Green Power'. In the findings obtained, it was seen that Building received the highest score (18/37) and received the lowest score (8/37) in terms of Energy and Atmosphere criteria. The other three buildings scored 16 out of 37, performing the same.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: EdTech can provide a completely equitable education experience for everyone. [SEP] Text: For example, the hospitals that completed the survey may have more staffing resources devoted to that enables them to complete a survey or agree to participate in an in-depth interview. In addition, this survey can only assess current attitudes toward the transition to Illinois mandates, QMP staffing, and the potential use of telehealth to deliver care to patients presenting for medical forensic services; it cannot determine how telehealth could impact access and quality of care relative to the current standard of care. Finally, our survey was conducted before the more severe nursing shortages and rise in travel nursing that occurred in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, which anecdotally has created further decreases in the number of QMPs at Illinois hospitals (Yang & Mason, 2022). Consequently, our survey may underestimate the current shortage of QMPs and the further reduction of access to care. states grapple with the expanding access to services with limited staffing resources, telehealth provides an opportunity to expand safe and effective sexual assault services to children, adolescents, and adults. Illinois has committed to improving the care of patients presenting for medical forensic services and can utilize telehealth to achieve this goal. Our survey of hospital administrators in Illinois shows that most professionals providing these services recognize the promise of integrating telehealth in service delivery, training, and consultation. States facing similar challenges are well positioned to examine the potential role of telehealth in optimizing service delivery, staffing, patient experience, and outcomes. Implications for This study has practical implications for forensic nurse examiners interested in utilizing telehealth to support clinical practice. Most immediately, asynchronous telehealth can allow for virtual training and education. Our respondents reported both the personal and financial costs of attending in-person training sessions. This application of technology is a low-hanging fruit and likely requires no major legislative changes. Other uses of telehealth may require legislative support to accomplish. Collaboration between child abuse pediatricians, SANEs, sexual assault forensic examiners, hospital administrators, and advocates is crucial to pushing forward legislation. When seeking legislative changes, forensic nurse examiners should emphasize telehealth's applicability to each step of the forensic examination, as shown in our study. Accordingly, synchronous telehealth can allow for forensic nurse examiners in higher-resourced and higher-volume hospitals to support examiners in lower-resourced and lower-volume areas. In this way, telehealth empowers all hospitals to care for their community and reduce transfers.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: CRISPR technology allows for precise editing of genomic sequences. [SEP] Text: 2658814; Columns are as follows: Cell_Line– label used to identify cell line Batch– unique microscopy session identifier C1_T_Step-sec– step size between frames Locus_ID– unique identifier for each Sox2 locus C1_TrackID– track identifier from TrackMate C1_Track_Length– track length from TrackMate C1_SpotID– spot identifier from TrackMate C1_X_Value_pixel – X position in pixels for C1 spot C1_Y_Value_pixel – Y position in pixels for C1 spot C1_Z_Value_slice – Z position in slices for C1 spot C1_T_Value_frame – frame of measurement C1_X_Value_um – X position in microns for C1 spot C1_Y_Value_um – Y position in microns for C1 spot C1_Z_Value_um – Z position in microns for C1 spot C1_T_Value_sec – time point in seconds for measurement C2_TrackID– track identifier from TrackMate C2_Track_Length– track length from TrackMate C2_SpotID– spot identifier from TrackMate C2_X_Value_pixel – X position in pixels for C2 spot C2_Y_Value_pixel – Y position in pixels for C2 spot C2_Z_Value_slice – Z position in slices for C2 spot C2_T_Value_frame – imaging frame C2_X_Value_um – X position in microns for C2 spot C2_Y_Value_um – Y position in microns for C2 spot C2_Z_Value_um – Z position in microns for C2 spot C2_T_Value_sec – time point in seconds X_Distance_um– X distance between C1 and C2 labels Y_Distance_um– Y distance between C1 and C2 labels Z_Distance_um– Z distance between C1 and C2 labels XY_Distance_um– XY distance between C1 and C2 labels XYZ_Distance_um–XYZ distance between C1 and C2 labels, C1_Corrected_X_Value_um – X position in microns for C1 spot after correcting for chromatic aberration, C1_

Output: pass


Input: Claim: LEED certification is awarded to buildings that meet specific sustainability criteria. [SEP] Text: Bu sistemlerden biri olan ve ülkemizde de yaygın olarak kullanılan LEED yeşil bina sertifikalandırma sistemi, puanlama sisteminde Enerji ve Atmosfer kriterine büyük bir pay ayırmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı Maslak’taki LEED sertifikalı ofis yapılarının Enerji ve Atmosfer kriteri bakımından sahip oldukları güçlü ve zayıf yönleri ortaya koyarak durum analizi yapmak ve iyileştirici-geliştirici önerilerde bulunmaktır. Bu kapsamda No:1, ve Uniq İstanbul projeleri ‘Enerji Performansının Optimize Edilmesi’, ‘Enerji Kullanımı’, ‘Gelişmiş Yapılandırma’, ‘Gelişmiş Soğutma Yönetimi’, ‘Ölçüm ve Onaylama (Temel Bina-Kiracı Alt Ölçümü)’ ve ‘Yeşil Güç’ açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgularda Enerji ve Atmosfer kriteri açısından Binasının en yüksek puanı (18/37), Olive Plaza’nın ise en düşük puanı (8/37) aldığı görülmüştür. Diğer üç bina 37 üzerinden 16 puan alarak aynı performansı sergilemişlerdir.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: EdTech can provide a completely equitable education experience for everyone. [SEP] Text: How can STEM education provide ‘light-bulb’ moments? Johnson is a STEM education specialist based at in Alabama, USA. She implements an outreach programme that works to enhance 6th-12th grade STEM education and inspire young people to embrace the joy of all things STEM The importance of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) can hardly be overstated. These areas of research affect our everyday lives in numerous ways, from the smartphones we have, to the houses we live in, from the energy we use, to the medicine we benefit from; none would be possible without STEM. It is vital that teachers and mentors across the world encourage active student participation in STEM – something that Johnson is passionate about. Based at in Alabama, USA, Liz is a STEM education specialist who, along with her colleague Lanier, devises STEM outreach activities such as summer learning programmes, field trips, after-school programming and science fairs. The programme targets 6th-12th grade students (11-18 year olds). ? Liz and the team want to expose students to the wonders and excitement of STEM and strengthen their confidence in pursuing STEM careers. They do this by engaging them in activities that will be increasingly relevant as the world becomes ever more STEM-centric. Although the ultimate aim of the programme is the same for all ages, there are differences between middle and high school students. “The STEM content of each programme is designed to align with the standards and curriculum of the participating age groups. For example, in our green engineering field trip series, we use calculus with high school students and algebra with middle school students,” explains Liz. “A major similarity between the age groups is their level of excitement when entering our STEM Lab – it looks quite different to a typical school lab. When students enter, they tell us it looks like or Nickelodeon studios! ” designs field trips linked to its key research areas of Drug Discovery, Drug Development, Engineering, and Energy & Environment. For example, through the green engineering series, students explore renewable energy and are challenged to design the most energy efficient wind turbine or solar panel prototype. Liz describes another field trip focused on the spread of infectious diseases: “Students participate in a simulated disease outbreak and are tasked with collecting data to determine patient zero, while also considering the factors that led to the outbreak.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: CRISPR technology allows for precise editing of genomic sequences. [SEP] Text: Corrected Y_Value_um–Y positfion in microns for C1 spot after correcting for chromatic aberration C1_Corrected Z_Value_um–Z position in microns for C1 spot after correcting for chromatic aberration Corrected_X_Distance_um–X distance after correcting for chromatic aberration Corrected_Y_Distance_um – Y distance after correcting for chromatic aberration Corrected_Z_Distance_um – Z distance after correcting for chromatic aberration Corrected_XY_Distance_um – XY distance after correcting for chromatic aberration Corrected_XYZ_Distance_um – XYZ distance after correcting for chromatic aberration Relative_C1_Corrected_X_Value_um–X position of C1 label relative to the position of C2 in microns Relative_C1_Corrected_Y_Value_um–Y position of C1 label relative to the position of C2 in microns Relative_C1_Corrected_Z_Value_um–Z position of C1 label relative to the position of C2 in microns Relative_XY_Displacement_um–Relative XY distance traveled by the C1 label between adjacent frames Relative_XYZ_Displacement_um–Relative XYZ distance traveled by the C1 label between adjacent frames Relative_XY_Angle_radians–Relative angle between two successive displacements for the C1 label in the XY plane Download elife-41769-supp4-v1.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Sustainable architecture often includes rainwater harvesting systems. [SEP] Text: -Costs Ratio; O&M, operation and maintenance; climate changes, resulting in prolonged drought periods and extreme rainfall events, combined with the increased urbanization leading to increase in sealed areas in urbanized catchments, significantly distort water balance of urban areas [1,2]. Typically, water balance of urbanized basins is characterized on the one hand by the increased rainwater surface runoff and evapotranspiration and on the other hand by the significantly reduced infiltration and groundwater resources supply [3,4]. Additionally, increased and rapid urbanization is commonly related to increased population growth and resultant water consumption and depleting the available resources [5–7]. Sustainable rainwater management in urban areas should allow to prevent water resources shortage and to restore the distorted natural water balance, to limit risk of flooding and to protect the waterbodies of the natural reservoirs by reducing volume of run-off and intensity of pollutants flushing, increasing evapotranspiration and decreasing surface run-off peak flows [8–11]. But, sustainable rainwater management, as the each type of environmental investment, should be efficient in all circles of sustainability, not only the environmental but also in social and economic [12–17]. Social and economic aspects of sustainable designs in water and sewage services are closely related. The significant investment as well as operation and maintenance (O&M) costs of environmental services may significantly affect their social acceptance and willingness-to-pay by the local populations, stakeholders etc. [18–21]. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems allow to intercept, collect, treat and reuse rainwater providing non-potable water quality for applications in which potable water quality is not required, including toilets flushing, cleaning, green areas watering etc. [11,22,23]. Thus, the significant reduction in tap water consumption, obtained from surface or underground resources, is possible [24,25], even to the level of 60%–80% in residential and public buildings [26–28]. However, application of RWH systems, as each environmental design, may be limited by the potential investors acceptance and willingness-to-pay highly related to required costs as well as affordability and profitability of such designs. The economic feasibility of such designs is commonly related to the selected technologies, assumed rainwater demand and possible saving due to reduced tap water consumption and, in some cases, reduction of rainwater discharge fees [7,14,19,20].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: EdTech can provide a completely equitable education experience for everyone. [SEP] Text: For example, in our green engineering field trip series, we use calculus with high school students and algebra with middle school students,” explains Liz. “A major similarity between the age groups is their level of excitement when entering our STEM Lab – it looks quite different to a typical school lab. When students enter, they tell us it looks like or Nickelodeon studios! ” designs field trips linked to its key research areas of Drug Discovery, Drug Development, Engineering, and Energy & Environment. For example, through the green engineering series, students explore renewable energy and are challenged to design the most energy efficient wind turbine or solar panel prototype. Liz describes another field trip focused on the spread of infectious diseases: “Students participate in a simulated disease outbreak and are tasked with collecting data to determine patient zero, while also considering the factors that led to the outbreak. They learn about the primary and secondary immune response and how it relates to vaccines for diseases, and they diagnose disease in patients using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). ” A key part of the programme is presenting students with real world problems that need solutions. Relevant background materials and resources are provided but, Liz explains, “Students are challenged to drive the design of the experiment themselves. ” Collaboration is achieved by having the students work in teams and, quite often, their first efforts are unsuccessful – this requires them to analyse their approach, reassess their strategy and try again. ? Liz and the team put on STEM shows which involve large-scale experiments designed to engage and inspire students. “Through these experiences, we hope to capture students’ attention and encourage them to participate in STEM courses and extra-curricular STEM activities,” says Liz. “We also aim to reinforce the concepts students are learning in their lessons through memorable and exhilarating demonstrations. ” “Last year, we offered a new week-long programme called that introduced high school students to computer aided design (CAD), 3D printing, electrical engineering, and drone technology,” enthuses Liz. “A major highlight of this programme was seeing the wide array of creative drone designs students developed in a matter of days, with little to no 3D modelling experience. We had drones that looked like UFOs, the from Star Wars, and one that even incorporated chicken feet as landing gear!

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: CRISPR technology allows for precise editing of genomic sequences. [SEP] Text: csv Supplementary file 5 Data table for MS2 transcription analysis for all loci. All data used in transcriptional analysis of Sox2 locus. Columns are as follows: Cell_Line– label used to identify cell line Locus_ID– unique identifier for each Sox2 locus Gauss_Filter– whether the MS2 Gaussian fit passed the knn filter step Noise_Filter–whether the MS2 Gaussian fit passed a high frequency noise filter step Pass_Filter–whether the MS2 signal for the given frame was classified as transcriptional signal. Required both Gauss_Filter = TRUE and Noise_Filter = TRUE Gaussian_Height_Threshold–minimum relative height above background allowed for Gaussian fit Gaussian_Width_Threshold–maximum Gaussian variance allowed for Gaussian fit Background–Offset calculated from Gaussian fit. If no Gaussian fit was found, set to median pixel intensity of ROI Gaussian Height–Amplitude calculated from Gaussian fit. If no Gaussian fit was found, set to 0 Gaussian_Volume–Volume under fitted Gaussian. If no Gaussian fit was found, set to 0 Local_Median–Median pixel intensity of ROI Norm_MS2_Signal–Relative height of MS2 gaussian normalized to background.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Sustainable architecture often includes rainwater harvesting systems. [SEP] Text: Area of the studied shopping mall (source: The rainwater management was designed by 12 horizontal gravity 110 mm inlets and 110–250 mm rainwater PVC pipelines directing rainwater to a reservoir (of different type and volume, dependent to the assumed variant). The reservoir volume was determined basing on the available mean daily rainwater inflow, related to mean annual precipitation, roof area, runoff coefficient and assumed 21 days of rainwater retention. The necessary rainwater treatment is provided by gutter inlets with sedimentation baskets and underground rainwater filter located before the reservoir. Table 1 presents rainwater demand designed for the tested building. There was assumed the usage of rainwater for toilets flushing, floors washing and green areas watering. The area of floors inside the building daily (306 working days) washed by harvested rainwater was assumed as 7000 m2. The 1984 m2 of green area were designed to be watered by rainwater during 75 days of vegetation season (15 days per month, from April to September). The total calculated rainwater demand for the above described actual usage of the building was determined as 3589. 2 m3. The possible annual volume of rainwater collected, 4099. 2 m3/year, was determined basing on roof area (9150 m2), assumed annual rainfall height (560 mm) and runoff coefficient (assumed as 0. 8). TABLE 1 Table 1. Rainwater demand assumed for the rainwater harvesting design. The following variants of rainwater harvesting systems for the studied shopping mall building were assumed to the further analyses: ● Variant 1: rainwater collection in the outside underground prefabricated concrete reservoir of 245 m3 volume and dimensions 15 m length, 6 m width and total height 3. 5 m. The reservoir is placed on 30 cm sand layer. Rainwater from the reservoir is supplied to graywater installation inside the building by the 15–40 mm PE pipelines and rainwater control station. The overflow spillway pipeline, connecting the reservoir with the nearest stormwater manhole, was designed as 200 mm PVC pipeline. The area of tanks was fenced with a metal net. The total volume of required earthworks was 1265 m3, annual power consumption was determined as 3060 kWh. Figure 2 shows a schematic of Variant 1. 2 Figure 2. Scheme of assumed Variant 1 of rainwater management system.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Digital learning platforms guarantee higher academic performance for all students. [SEP] Text: Reflecting on those experiences through autoethnography, the research focuses on how those experiences have been affecting my academic and social perceptions and how I have altered my behaviour to survive and fit in. Exploring those experiences, I am certain, will shed a light on the way many students in higher education, in foreign countries, behave with their peers and academic community, succeed in accepting incidents related to their race and ethnicity or fail to adapt and confront those incidents and preserve their native identity. Foreign students, (my case in particular), tend to attribute lack of motivation and low academic performance to the struggle they face when they are classed as a minority (Baysu & Phalet, 2019). Many exhibit and adapt myriad social identities to survive such struggle. This calls for a thorough investigation of the students’ personal experience and their psychological perception of each incident. Racial profiling has long-term psychological effects on foreign students, which will surely influence their success levels at the time of the incident or even 13 long years after their first encounter, my case. Racial profiling can act as a powerful tool that aims, at least to the foreign students’ understanding, to detach them from the dominant others. Foreign students can interpret this act as an act against their race, culture, religion or even the way they dress which affects directly on how they related they feel towards the dominant others (Pepanyan et al. , 2019). This study has three interlinked aims which serve as the foundation to answering the research questions below. Firstly, the study explores foreign students’ motivation whilst battling stereotypes on daily basis in higher education. Secondly, it focuses on types of motivation within classroom settings will be outlined in relation to students’ academic performance. Thirdly, the research will attempt to investigate how students’ psychological needs are affected by what they encounter on the social level within university premises. Feeling detached and consequently demotivated, can lead foreign students to academically struggle and in many cases fail to achieve their academic goals (Chin & Vernon, 2015). Throughout the methodology section, which is based on my personal experience and autoethnographic account, I will explore how racial profiling affected my relatedness and motivation and how the latter affected my academic performance. This inquiry will be guided by the following research questions:RQ1: How does racial profiling affect the perceived relatedness of foreign students from non-European countries in European HE?

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: CRISPR technology allows for precise editing of genomic sequences. [SEP] Text: Decision letter Reviews on Sciety eLife's review process is a neglected tropical disease with poor treatment options, causing an estimated 1 million new cases and 20,000 deaths annually (World-Health-Organization, 2023). It is caused by Leishmania species, which proliferate in sand flies as motile promastigotes and in vertebrates as immotile amastigotes. When injected into a mammalian host, promastigotes predominantly enter macrophages (van Zandbergen et al. , 2004; Chaves et al. , 2020) and differentiate inside the phagolysosome into amastigotes. In the host, parasites can remain local (cutaneous leishmaniasis), disseminate throughout the skin (diffuse cutaneous/mucocutaneous leishmaniasis), or enter the bloodstream to establish visceral infections (visceral leishmaniasis). These outcomes mark the difference between a mild illness and a deadly disease (McCall et al. , 2013), and a systematic large-scale genetic dissection of Leishmania genes involved in the mechanisms that drive these different clinical manifestations remains to be performed. Despite this, large-scale genetic screens represent a major challenge for the Leishmania research community. While genome-wide RNA interference (RNAi) screens have enabled a detailed functional dissection of nearly all genes in the closely related parasite Trypanosoma brucei (Alsford et al. , 2011; Horn, 2022; Morris et al. , 2002), this success has not been mirrored in Leishmania. Recent developments for the use of RNAi in L. braziliensis are promising and may facilitate genome-wide loss-of-function screens in the future (de Paiva et al. , 2015; Lye et al. , 2022). However, only Leishmania species of the Viannia subgenus have retained the components required for RNAi activity, precluding its use as a tool in most other Leishmania parasites. These include the causative agents of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, such as L. mexicana, L. major, L. donovani, and L. infantum (Lye et al. , 2010; Ullu et al. , 2004). An alternative approach to RNAi is the use ofCas9 gene editing.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Sustainable architecture often includes rainwater harvesting systems. [SEP] Text: ● Variant 2: rainwater retention in two underground outside prefabricated reservoirs of m3 each (total m3) and dimensions 7. 5 m length, 6 m width and total height 3. 5 m. Both reservoirs are placed on a 30 cm thick sand layer. Rainwater from the tanks is supplied to graywater installation inside the building by the 15–40 mm PE pipelines and rainwater control station. The overflow spillway pipeline, connecting the combined reservoirs with the nearest stormwater manhole, was designed as 200 mm PVC pipeline. The area of tanks was fenced with a metal net. Volume of assumed earthwork was equal 1266 m3, annual power consumption 3060 kWh. A scheme of Variant 2 is presented in Figure 3. 3 Figure 3. Scheme showing Variant 2 of designed rainwater management system. ● Variant 3: rainwater collection in three cylindrical underground outside PEHD reservoirs of m3 each, total m3, of dimensions 15. 6 m length, 2. 9 m diameter and total height 3. 06 m. All reservoirs are placed on 20 cm sand layer. Rainwater from the reservoirs is supplied to graywater installation inside the building by the 15–40 mm PE pipelines and rainwater control station. The overflow spillway pipeline, connecting the reservoirs set with the nearest stormwater manhole, was designed as 200 mm PVC pipeline. The area of tanks was fenced with a metal net. The total volume of earthworks was assumed as 1536 m3, while annual power consumption 3060 kWh. Figure 4 presents a scheme of designed Variant 3. 4 Figure 4. Scheme presenting Variant 3 of designed rainwater management system. ● Variant 4: rainwater storage in open truncated pyramid reservoir of total m3. The assumed reservoir bottom dimensions are 5 m × 12 m, surface 11 m × 18 m while total depth 3 m. The assumed total volume of the open rainwater reservoir, measured from the ground level, allows to include potential losses due to evaporation. Sides and bottom of the reservoir were designed as strengthen by the perforated concrete plates placed on gravel layer, geomembrane and geotextile. Rainwater from the open reservoir is supplied to graywater installation inside the building by the 15–40 mm PE pipelines through rainwater filter and rainwater control station.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Digital learning platforms guarantee higher academic performance for all students. [SEP] Text: Racial profiling minorities in education, staff members or students, is portrayed in insidious actions such as applying disciplinary policies- in case of a staff member from a minority group, or being subject to harassment and abuse from a peer student on campus. Actions of bullying and racism are often subtle and extremely harmful. Students from a minority group may at a later stage of their studies exhibit poor academic performance and apparent negative impact on their psychological health (Greer 2015). Being classed as a minority and a target of racial slurs etc. may encourage foreign students to devalue education and perceive performing well as a trait that does not pertain to their identity. Foreign students may develop strategies to battle/pivot racial profiling in HE, which ultimately influences their academic performance such as not attending group-based tasks, classroom participation and other extra-curricular activities such as field trips (Bie, 1976). 2. 2 Social identity and academic performance The concept of identity is often defined by individuals as the way we see ourselves and how we are not influenced by others (Baysu & Phalet, 2019). However, identity is often dependent and shaped by the groups we are a part of and the groups we are being distant from in any context (Fernández-Larragueta et al. , 2017). Groups therefore are important in a way that they provide us with a sense of belonging and an identity. Tajfel (1981) suggests that we use groups to form our social identity through which we define ourselves as part of a certain group and distant from other groups. According to Tajfel (1981), social groups are defined through three components: Social Categorisation,. is sorting groups based on their likes and dislikes, culture, religion, race and social class etc. This component often leads to social prejudice and racism. Social identity is highly context-dependent and multidimensional which as a result affects individual’s sense of belonging to a particular social group (Cameron 2004). is a process through which group members modify their behavior to match and please their group’s expectation- such as a none native English speaking student’s attempt to master a native like language skills to gain access to a group of native speakers in a classroom setting. however determines access to a particular social group. A certain social group’s expectations dictate its members’ qualities in comparison to other groups.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: CRISPR technology allows for precise editing of genomic sequences. [SEP] Text: Finally, we successfully use the hyBE4max and hyBE4max-versions to perform a small-scale plasmid library delivered screen in L. mexicana and demonstrate that the viability phenotype of an essential gene can be identified in a pooled format with our CBE method. To our knowledge, this is the first time a plasmid library transfection loss-of-function screen has been reported in Leishmania, enabling large-scale screens under various conditions in multiple Leishmania species in the future. of cytosine base editing in kinetoplastids To establish cytosine base editing in Leishmania, we decided to test the hyBE4max (Zhang et al. , 2020) CBE version noted in the introduction. The insertion of the Rad51 ssDBD into a CBE not only increases the editing efficiency, but also extends the editing window, in-which cytidine to thymidine editing is efficient (without RAD51 domain the editing window ranges from position 4–7, with RAD51 domain from 4–12) (Zhang et al. , 2020). This increases the number of possible C to T conversion targets and therefore the potential for genome-wide loss-of-function screening in Leishmania through the insertion of STOP codons. To test how many genes could be targeted on a genome-wide level, we first designed sgRNAs that would allow the introduction of STOP codons by C to T conversion within the 4–12 editing window. There is a total of four codons that can be converted into all three STOP codons (amber, ochre, and opal) by this approach (Kuscu et al. , 2017). While one arginine and two glutamine codons are edited on the coding strand into one STOP codon each, there is one tryptophan codon on the template strand that can be edited into three STOP codons (Figure 1A). We then filtered suitable sgRNAs that would introduce a STOP codon within the first 50% of the CDS, assuming that this would be sufficient to yield functional null mutants for most genes. We could on average design at least 2 sgRNAs per gene for 87. 2% of all protein-coding genes in the genomes of 64 kinetoplastids (available through TritrypDB release 59 [Aslett et al.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Sustainable architecture often includes rainwater harvesting systems. [SEP] Text: The overflow spillway pipeline, connecting the reservoir with the nearest stormwater manhole, was designed as 200 mm PVC pipeline. The area of open reservoir was fenced with a metal net. The total volume of earthworks was equal 919 m3, the annual power consumption was assumed as 3060 kWh. The designed Variant 4 is presented in Figure 5. 5 Figure 5. Scheme showing Variant 4 of designed rainwater management system. Table 2 presents assumed estimated investment as well as operation and maintenance costs of all studied variants of rainwater harvesting and reuse in the studied building. Operation and maintenance costs of all variants, presented in Table 2, cover energy consumption, required pumping devices services, rainwater drains and pipelines flushing, disinfection and filters exchange and, finally, reservoir cleaning. The lower O&M costs of Variant 4 are related to lower costs of open reservoir cleaning services, in comparison to costs of concrete or HDPE underground reservoirs servicing. TABLE 2 Table 2. Estimated investment as well as operation and maintenance costs of proposed designs. and Cost-The economic effectiveness of proposed manners of rainwater harvesting for the selected shopping facility was assessed by three indicators, simple (PP) and dynamic Value (NPV) and Benefits-(BCR) [7,32,33]. The used indicators were calculated according to formulas: Where: PP—Payback Period, years; IC—initial investment costs, Euro; NCF—net cash flow, Euro/year. Where: NCFt—net cash flow for a year of investment operation, Euro; t—year of the investment operation, N—total number of periods, years; i—discount rate, %. Where: PVb—present value of investment benefits, Euro; PVc—present value of investment costs, Euro. Where: CFbt—benefits cash flow for a t period, Euro; CFct—costs cash flow for a t period, Euro. defines time required to recoup the investments, possible to incomes or savings, during its operation. The main disadvantage of PP is ignoring the time-related value of money [7,34]. Value presents the sum of discounted cash flows, i. e. , inflows and outflows, during the assumed period of assessment [7,35,36]. The profitable investment is possible for NPV > 0 (or eventually equal to zero for a neutral investment).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Digital learning platforms guarantee higher academic performance for all students. [SEP] Text: This particular component, Tajfel suggests, encourages members to a healthy competition to earn access and become a member or leads to an extreme level of prejudice. The above components (Tajfel, 1981) have immense influence on learning. According to Bliuc (Bliuc et al. , 2011), learners who exhibit strong social identity tend to view learning in a positive way and therefore achieve high marks in contrast with learners who identify themselves as alien from the surrounding groups perceive learning negatively and therefore achieve considerably lower marks. 3. Knowledge gap This research focuses on one particular intrinsic psychological need, relatedness, which is directly affected by racial profiling to enhance/suppress motivation. There will also be slight incorporation of the effects of autonomy on motivation, and how both relatedness and autonomy can be internalised and earned by individual learners. The notion of the effects of motivation on academic performance in higher education has not been well represented in literature. Rayan and Deci’s work on SDT only explores institutional and peer pressure and how they impact motivation and academic performance (Niemiec & Ryan, 2009). The importance of conducting this study is that it explains how learning takes place with and without motivation. In addition, a clear focus throughout the study will elaborate on specific psychological needs, relatedness and autonomy, affected by specific social situations (racial profiling). Findings aim to help educators understand what minority students may encounter in higher education and to adapt techniques to foster the integration of the learner’s psychological needs to enhance motivation. When the latter is provided within a learning environment, positive consequences and higher success outcomes will emerge (Niemiec and Ryan, 2009). 4. Theoretical frameworkThis sections explores motivation, relatedness and autonomy and their effects on academic performance in the lens of SDT. Those particular sections will attempt to interpret the academic performance of foreign students who experience pitfalls on the social level. Motivation is what “moves” us to perform an activity. In education, motivation is key to success and failure- students often attribute their achievement due to being enthusiastic and motivated to real a certain goal in their educational journey (Arevalo et al. , 2011). To perform well in any given activity, education for instance, learners need to be motivated to achieve the goal of the learning activity. Those who feel enjoyment and develop a sense of value during an activity, possess Autonomous motivation.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: CRISPR technology allows for precise editing of genomic sequences. [SEP] Text: 0% of transfected cells had no fluorescent signal as early as 11 days post transfection (‘Target 1’ on template strand in Figure 2D). In contrast, guides designed to only introduce neutral substitutions with no amino acid change (‘Control’ on template and coding strand in Figure 2D), did not alter the fluorescent signal of the reporter even 33 days post transfection. We also measured the doubling time of transfected cells. While the tdTomato reporter cell line showed an increase in doubling time compared to the wildtype cell line (from 5. 6 to 7. 5 h), additional transfection of the pLdCH-hyBE4max plasmid did not lead to a further increase in doubling time (Figure 2E), indicating no effect of the editor or guide expression on growth in L. major parasites. Figure 2 with 3 supplements see all Download asset Open asset Cytosine base editing in L. major using an episomal hyBE4max expression constructs. (A) Schematic of pLdCH-hyBE4max plasmid, containing (from left to right) a L. donovani-derived ribosomal RNA (rRNA) promoter, single-guide RNA (sgRNA) expression cassette, hepatitis delta virus (HDV) ribozyme containing transsplice sequence (TSS), SV40 -1 domain (ssDNA-specific cytidine deaminase), RAD51 ssDBD surrounded by two glycine–serine linkers (GSL), nCas9 (D10A) protein, two uracil glycosylase inhibitor (UGI) monomers tethered via GSL, nucleoplasmin NLS, L. donovani-derived A2 intergenic sequence, and hygromycin resistance marker. (B) Schematic of a pPLOT expression construct as described in Beneke et al. , 2017, fused to two homology flanks for integration into the 18S rRNA locus on chromosome 27 (TriTrypDB [Aslett et al. , 2010] release 59 coordinates: LmjF. 27:989,898–991,525, LmjF. 27:1,001,798–1,003,425; LmjF. 27:1,013,829–1,015,456; LmjF.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Sustainable architecture often includes rainwater harvesting systems. [SEP] Text: 6 presents determined values of simple profitability indicator for all proposed variants of rainwater harvesting and management for the studied large-area shopping mall facility. It is visible that in all cases the is shorter than assumed duration of investment assessments and varies between approximately 9 years for Variant 4 and 20 years for Variant 3. Thus, according to the determined values, all variants of rainwater harvesting should be considered as interesting options for the further analysis. 6 Figure 6. Period values for the proposed rainwater harvesting designs. The results of proposed rainwater harvesting profitability analysis, based on dynamic indicators, NPV and BCR, are presented in Figures 7 and 8. The determined values of economic efficiency indicators suggest that three of developed designs are profitable under the assumed conditions. 1, 2 and 4 allowed positive, above zero, values of net present value indicating the discounted financial benefits of the investment greater than its costs. Similarly, the profitability threshold of BCR ≥ 1. 0, was achieved by the designed Variants 1, 2 and 4. Thus, in these cases, the financial benefits possible due to the suggested designs are greater than their investment as well as operation and maintenance costs. The highest relation of discounted financial benefits to discounted costs of investment, equal 1. 47, was determined for Variant 4, assuming the open rainwater reservoir. 7 Figure 7. values for the proposed rainwater harvesting designs. 8 Figure 8. Calculated values of Benefits-indicators for the proposed rainwater harvesting designs. Figure 9 presents determined values of Cost for all studied variants of rainwater harvesting systems. The lowest discounted cost of ecologic effect, i. e. , one cubic meter of harvested and reused rainwater, was obtained for Variant 4 assuming open water reservoir. The highest value of DGC indicator was determined for Variant 3 in which rainwater collection was designed in three cylindrical HDPE underground tanks. It is worth to note than the determined price of ecological effect is in case of Variants 4 clearly lower than the actual price of water and sewage services per 1 cubic meter in Lublin, 2. 09 Euro/m3. 9 Figure 9. Calculated values of Cost indicators for the proposed rainwater harvesting designs. Figure 10 presents influence of assumed reservoir (or its components like in Variant 4) and earthworks prices on the previously described economic profitability of proposed variants of rainwater harvesting and reuse systems for shopping facility.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Digital learning platforms guarantee higher academic performance for all students. [SEP] Text: On the other hand, those who feel the pressure to achieve a certain result possess Controlled motivation. Ryan and Deci (Niemiec & Ryan, 2009) argue that to achieve greater performance, learners need to be autonomously motivated (ibid). The needs of being acknowledged as part of a group (related) and appreciated after performing a task (valued) lead the student to be autonomously motivated. According to Ryan and Deci (Niemiec & Ryan, 2009), identified as a part of a group as well as being valued are core components for optimal performance. To achieve autonomy and therefore positive academic performance, relatedness and being valued have to exist in any learning environment. 4. 1 Autonomous motivationis defined as an inherent tendency to perform an activity. According to Deci (Niemiec & Ryan, 2009), autonomous motivation describes performing an activity with full sense of willingness, volition and choice. In education, when learners exhibit the latter in any learning activity, they are likely to perform well and achieve their learning goal. Deci also believes that there is a set of prerequisite psychological needs which are required to exist so that a learner achieves Autonomous Motivation; these needs are: Competence, Autonomy and Relatedness. For the purposes of this research, Autonomy and Relatedness will be further investigated as Competence will be interlinked with Relatedness in later sections of this study. 4. 2 RelatednessRelatedness refers to the feeling of connectedness to other human beings. Human beings are profoundly social, we seek social interaction and relatedness in any social situations (Niemiec & Ryan, 2009). When this feeling is disrupted, individuals develop a sense of deprivation and isolation from the surrounding others. In education, being distant from others, learners’ sense of belonging could erode and consequently affect their academic performance (Jin & Hahm, 2017). Being a vital psychological need for positive engagement in learning, relatedness is likely to be influenced by prejudices and stereotypes (Tsurkan et al. , 2020). Incidents which entail being distant from a certain social group, such as racism, eliminate chances of assimilation with other groups and demotivate learners- that means lower/poor performance, academically. This particular psychological need, relatedness, has a great impact on both Autonomy and Competence.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: CRISPR technology allows for precise editing of genomic sequences. [SEP] Text: This also allowed to express sgRNAs under the control of the T7 RNAP promoter either via transcription from short DNA templates or from epsiomes (Figure 3—figure supplement 1B). While the latter strategy increased editing during our tdTomato reporter assay, with all six guides reaching nearly 100% editing rate (Figure 3—figure supplement 1C–E) and controls showing no effect on the reporter expression (Figure 3—figure supplement 1D), doubling times significantly increased once episomal-expressed sgRNAs were transfected into the cell line expressing constitutively hyBE4max and T7 RNAP (Figure 3—figure supplement 1F). We also tested another CBE version (namely AncBE4max [Koblan et al. , 2018]) that, unlike hyBE4max (Zhang et al. , 2020), does not have the Rad51 ssDBD (Figure 3—figure supplement 2A). While we observed also high editing rates of 100% for nearly all sgRNAs when targeting tdTomato (Figure 3—figure supplement 2B–E), we saw strong editing outside of the guide targeting window (Figure 3—figure supplement 2F), depleting the tdTomato reporter signal even in control cells, where only neutral substitutions were intended with no amino acid change (Figure 3—figure supplement 2D). Meanwhile, editing outside the guide target sequence was not observed when using the hyBE4max CBE (Figure 3—figure supplement 2F). We concluded from these initial results that episomal expression of the sgRNA and hyBE4max CBE is a suitable approach for mutant generation. While stable expression systems did not affect growth before expressing the sgRNA and may be attractive too after further optimisation, an episomal expression system seemed to be much more flexible, allowing to transfect wildtype parasites without further modifications. To test the flexibility of our system, we therefore next performed our reporter assay in L. donovani, L. mexicana, and L. infantum, and repeated it in L. major. First, we confirmed the identity of each Leishmania species by sequencing the LPG2 locus (Figure 2—figure supplement 1A, B; Akhoundi et al. , 2017) and generated tdTomato-expressing clones (Figure 2B).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Sustainable architecture often includes rainwater harvesting systems. [SEP] Text: As it could be expected increase in investment costs related to reservoir type, material and size as well as required volume of earthworks directly affects economic efficiency of the design. Thus, the BCR value for Variant 3 is in the discussed scattered 3D diagram located below the BCR = 1. 0 surface. 10 Figure 10. Influence of main components of investment cost on designs profitability. The similar situation is visible in Figure 11 presenting influence of reservoir and earthworks prices on the price of environmental effect presented by DGC value. Increase in rainwater reservoir price and required volume of earthworks required to installation directly affect DGC indicator value which grows as a result of increased investment costs. 11 Figure 11. Influence of main components of investment cost on cost-efficiency of designs. 12 Figure 12. Relation between profitability of rainwater harvesting designs and tap water demand replacement by rainwater. Figure 12 presenting variable value of BCR for all designed RWH variants, in relation to possible changes in rainwater demand for the study object, shows that its profitability in relation to coverage tap water demand by harvested rainwater is not uniform. It is visible that only Variant 4 allows economic efficiency, i. e. , brings clear financial profits, in all tested range of rain water usage. On the contrary, Variant 3 is unprofitable under each tested tap water demand replacement by collected rainwater. The performance of Variants 1 and 2 is similar and the performed calculations show that these designs may bring financial profits when rainwater demand exceeds 42% of tap water consumption. As it could be expected, results of DGC calculations for variable rainwater demands, presented in Figure 13, show that increase in used rainwater volume results in increased cost-efficiency of the design, allowing decrease in the cost of ecological effect. Thus, to obtain the maximal possible cost-efficiency and economic feasibility for the studied rainwater harvesting design the maximum possible replacement of tap water demand by harvester rainwater should be taken into account. 13 Figure 13. Relation between cost-efficiency of rainwater harvesting designs and tap water demand replacement. economic and cost efficiency analyses presented in this paper showed that three of the proposed variants of rainwater harvesting and reuse systems for large-scale shopping facility under climatic and financial conditions of the should be assessed as profitable, allowing the measurable financial benefits for the investor.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Digital learning platforms guarantee higher academic performance for all students. [SEP] Text: It enables learners to integrate the three needs and in some cases omits the least salient for the purpose of being motivated (Pepanyan et al. , 2019). A learner can be easily motivated and engaged if Relatedness existed, regardless of Autonomy and Competence. is achieved, a learner is motivated to perform better so that he/she is more competent. 4. 3 AutonomyThe learning activity does not occur in vacuum. Students are often influenced by their surrounding circumstances; teacher and peer’s support, institution pressure and expectation and the impact of the learning and social community (Johnston, 2017). Autonomy is likely to perish in any learning environment when a student senses any external pressure placed by the teacher or their surroundings- such as their peers (Salas & Amurrio, 2015). The influence of peer and teacher pressure is daunting and has direct impact on how learners perceive education and therefore limits their academic performance. External pressure is not only manifested by the institution’s academic performance expectation, learners’ autonomy also relies on their social identity and how they are perceived by their social groups. Students from minority groups often exhibit struggles to achieve autonomy in learning. This is due to the fact that they, in many instances, feel inferior in the learning community. Many factors could influence that and one major factor is how this particular minority is portrayed in the learning and social communities (Bahou, 2016). Academic achievement is then affected by how the student feels he/she is perceived by their surroundings, mostly culturally, and therefore determine how autonomous their motivation is based on their value in the educational community. Students’ psychological well-being is then vital in constructing autonomous motivation and therefore greater academic performance is achieved (Duffy, 2013). 5. Methodology5. 1 this research calls for in depth analysis of personal experiences to explain a social phenomenon (Ellis et al, 2010), autoethnography was chosen to be this research methodology. Autoethnography is considered as a method of representing others through the analysis of lived experiences of the author- the latter being part of a particular social group (Adams, 2005; Wood, 2009). This deeply personal research approach that is concerned with knowledge creation based on the personal understanding of the research process. Through reflexive narrative, autoethnography unmasks personal experience and links the researcher’s culture and identity and the connection to surrounding social groups (Ferdinand, 2009).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: CRISPR technology allows for precise editing of genomic sequences. [SEP] Text: We then transfected all four species with pLdCH-hyBE4max plasmids, targeting the tdTomato reporter as in experiments above, and measured the reporter signal 16 days post transfection. First, we assessed whether we could reproduce results in L. major. For all four repeated guide transfections (‘Control (−)’, ‘Target 1 (+)’, ‘Target 1 (−)’, and ‘Target 2 (−)’) similar results were obtained (Figure 2D and Figure 2—figure supplement 2A) with again almost 100% elimination of the tdTomato reporter signal in cells transfected with guide 1 targeting the template strand (‘Target 1 (−)’ in Figure 2—figure supplement 2A). While we also achieved full depletion of the tdTomato reporter for selected guides in the other three species, the reporter was strongest depleted in L. donovani, followed by L. mexicana, L. infantum, and L. major (Figure 2—figure supplement 2A). It is possible that this result was caused by a potentially different number of integrated tdTomato expression constructs, as we did not assess the exact tdTomato reporter copy number in each species. However, given that the pLdCH-hyBE4max expression cassette is driven by an L. donovani rRNA promoter, which is diverse compared to other Leishmania rRNA promoters (Martínez-Calvillo et al. , 2001; Yan et al. , 1999; Figure 2—figure supplement 3), a species-dependent result is anticipated. A pattern was also observed when assessing the doubling time of all four transfected species. Expression of the CBE and sgRNA did not affect L. major and L. mexicana growth but it increased significantly doubling times in L. donovani and L. infantum, suggesting that high CBE and sgRNA expression levels may be toxic for these parasites (Figure 2—figure supplement 2B). Conversely, this was not reflected when assessing the expression levels of hyBE4max in all four species. While protein degradation made an exact quantification of hyBE4max difficult, western blots indicated that the highest expression of hyBE4mas was seen in L. major, followed by L. infantum, L.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Sustainable architecture often includes rainwater harvesting systems. [SEP] Text: The obtained results are to some extent comparable with the previous study [7] assessing profitability and cost-efficiency of domestic rainwater harvesting systems for a single-family housing also located in Lublin, Poland. However, in case of the studied individual RWH systems their profitability and costs effectiveness were related to the range of tap water consumption reduction. The negative results of economic and costs effectiveness assessment of the proposed Variant 3 are related to the selected type, material and number of underground rainwater reservoirs and the resultant required volume and price of earthworks. Thus, in this case, the selection of three polymer underground tanks, clearly more expensive than prefabricated from concrete, significantly increased the investment costs. Thus, in our opinion, selection of rainwater storage units technology, materials and volume should be very careful. The determined quantified assessment of financial aspects of the proposed grey infrastructure (rainwater harvesting and grey water treatment and reuse) is in agreement with observations reported for different European regions and climatic conditions, from arid Mediterranean [13] to region [15]. The similar positive assessment of cost-efficiency of rainwater harvesting systems used to mitigate urban flooding in 9 cities in and Europe was presented by Cristiano et al. [42]. In this work, installation of RWH systems was presented as less expensive and more financially efficient than green roofs. Cost-efficiency of systems, among the different possible low impact development solutions, was also positively verified under the conditions of selected location in Ontario, Canada [43]. The comparable positive assessment of economic feasibility of RWH installation in the public building with roof area 526 m2, under climatic and economic conditions in Brazil, was presented by Ghisi et al. [28]. In this paper the influence of increased rain water use, allowing to reduce the tap water demand, from 50% to 80%, on economic efficiency of the investment was also discussed. The similar observations concerning influence of increased rainwater demand on economic feasibility of rainwater harvesting in residential buildings, comparable to results presented in this paper, were also presented in Maskwa et al. [44]. However, the positive economic assessment of RWH is not universal, the benefits-costs analysis performed by Schild et al. [45] for roof top harvesting in 11 locations in Palestine showed negative values of NPV indicator, even with the assumption of 50% refundation of investment costs. The importance of outside, e. g.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Digital learning platforms guarantee higher academic performance for all students. [SEP] Text: Things started to clash in my head about interpreting her statement. This very short yet extremely vital interaction had made question my relatability to my entire surroundings not just the academic community. This has affected the way I perceived higher education in the UK and on the long term hugely influenced my academic performance. Relatedness to the community I am about to enter remained questionable as I wanted to delve in and pursuit my education regardless. After recovering from the first encounter, mentioned above, it was finally induction week (August 2008) and my enthusiasm was not how I expected- much lower than anticipated. Unfortunately, in this stage, I had to interact with the same person from the previous encounter and things did not change as I hoped. I was not contacted prior to induction week, so I initiated communication with admission. Clearly, what I experienced in June was not a unique incident. Clear signs of being an unwanted outsider - August 2008The programme starts in a week and I still haven’t heard from admission about where to go and what to do next. called admission again and the same officer picked up the phone. After introducing myself she said “Oh, that’s you again! Thought you’d never come back”. Didn’t again say anything apart from “would you please tell me what to do for next week as I haven’t heard from you since June”. The officer then said “Whatever, just show up and try not to blow up anything” started to put the two incidents together and concluded that it was directed to who I was and where I came from. I showed up prefilled with a lot of negativity and whether I should actually continue with my studies. This particular incident triggered something new, which was not expected. I was clearly objectified as an outside/foreigner whose ethnicity is accused of a certain activity. Directing such accusation impacted the way I perceived my interaction and behavior around my peers and university community. Here, I felt unrelated and unconfident in my skills and abilities to continue with my study. It is vital though to mention that both incidents occurred outside classroom settings and in the initial process of admission. Ups and Downs - September 2008 and February 2009It was finally induction week in September 2008. I entered the lecture hall and orientation activities had already started.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: CRISPR technology allows for precise editing of genomic sequences. [SEP] Text: Following transfection, each cell line was subjected to motility analysis and the velocity of tracked cells was determined (Wheeler, 2017; Figure 4 and Supplementary file 1). We measured a significant decrease in motility for three (PF16-1, PF16-2, and PF16-3) of the four guides targeting PF16 in L. donovani at 14 days post transfection. In L. mexicana and L. infantum only one guide (PF16-3) yielded a measurable decrease in swimming speed, while in L. major no significant effect could be determined. For guides targeting PFR2, MFT, and IFT88, no significant decrease in swimming speed was detected in L. mexicana, L. donovani, and L. major, respectively (Figure 4A and Supplementary file 1). However, out of the four IFT88 targeting guides, one (IFT88-1) reduced the swimming speed in the transfected L. infantum population (Figure 4A and Supplementary file 1) and also yielded the expected flagellar assembly phenotype (Figure 4—figure supplement 3). Figure 4 with 4 supplements see all Download asset Open asset Motility analysis following hyBE4max-mediated cytosine base editing. L. donovani, L. mexicana, L. infantum, and L. major wildtype parasites were transfected with pLdCH-hyBE4max-sgRNA expression plasmids, targeting PF16, 2, and IFT88 with four guides each (see main text description). Selected non-clonal populations were subjected to motility analysis and the frequency of the velocity of tracked cells was plotted (A) 14 days, (B) 28 days, and (C, D) 42 days post transfection. Cells were selected with 40 µg/ml hygromycin B until 28 days post transfection and then with both, (C) 40 and (D) 400 µg/ml. Each population was analysed using a Cramér-von to detect any shift in the population distribution towards lower speed. Highlighted curves are marked with an asterisks when that shift was significant (for L. donovani, L. mexicana, and L. infantum: *p > 0. 05, for L. major: *p > 0.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Sustainable architecture often includes rainwater harvesting systems. [SEP] Text: , governmental, co-founding in RWH systems installation, from domestic to larger scale, reaching several thousand cubic meters of volume, was also reported [7,46]. The determined relation between selected components of the capital costs of studied investment and its cost-efficiency and economic feasibility is in agreement with observations presented by Islam [47] for rainwater harvesting in the developing country, Bangladesh. The economic benefits of RWH in this paper were related to, inter alia, storage volume, tap water price and total investment costs. performed analysis of economic and costs effectiveness of proposed variants of rainwater harvesting for large-area shopping mall facility in Lublin, Poland allowed the following concussions: ● Most of the proposed designs was assessed as profitable, bringing the financial benefits for the investors, due to savings possible as the result of reduced tap water demand for cleaning, toilets flushing and green watering. ● The highest profitability and cost-efficiency were determined for the design assuming the simplest solution for rainwater storage, the open reservoir. ● Only one design, assuming rainwater storage in three connected polymer underground reservoirs of significant investment costs was assessed as unprofitable. ● Economic feasibility and cost-efficiency of studied rainwater harvesting designs were directly related to two variable components of its capital investment costs: volume, material and type of rainwater reservoir and volume of earthworks required to its installation. ● Economic feasibility and costs-efficiency of rainwater harvesting systems in public buildings, according to the performed calculations, are highly related to maximization of rainwater use and decrease in tap water consumption. ● The obtained results of economic assessment are valid only for a specific case of rainwater harvesting designs tested under the precisely defined local climatic and microeconomic conditions, thus, in our opinion, each case of rainwater harvesting system design should be supported during the decision making-process by the economic feasibility and costs-efficiency analyses based on measurable and quantifiable input data. ● The proposed methodology of financial sustainability assessment for rainwater harvesting design is universal and may be applied to projects located in different regions, under various climatic and economic conditions. dataset of the study is available from the authors upon reasonable request. and MKW designed the study. JK prepared the designs and performed the calculations. JK and MKW analyzed the data. JK and MKW wrote the paper. authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Digital learning platforms guarantee higher academic performance for all students. [SEP] Text: Many factors could influence motivation and can even class it based on the impact of these factors such as peer pressure, situational and context based behavior- such as being classed as a minority or victimized as an outsider in a certain community. To be able to achieve autonomous motivation, I have exhibited many social identities so that I can be accepted in native speaker dominated groups in the UK. Being fully aware of the charade I had put so that I can access other groups, the struggle to find autonomy outside the pressure of others had been accumulating which as a result affected how I had interpreted motivation. According to Bahou (2019), autonomy is at the risk of being perished if the peer pressure, through a number of racial profiling incidents, existed in any activity the learner is performing. Figure 3: Comments from the narratives which highlight Autonomous MotivationExamples from Figure 3, particularly (1:1, 1:2, 1:13, 1:26 and 1:28), show my acknowledgment and how self-conscious I have become about each incident. I can clearly see why my motivation was not at all autonomous and how poorly I dealt with most of the incidents. Each insidious comment or even a blatant encounter about my race, culture or even educational background did in fact and still has demotivated me as a foreign leaner in UK higher education. In other cases, as seen in examples (1:16 and 1:21), I had experienced quite the opposite. In some of the incidents where I was comforted and welcomed with null insinuation about my race etc. I found enthusiasm and a reason to continue regardless of how negative and aggressive the other encounters have been. Up to this day, I still recharge my motivation with those little encouraging conversations which, according to Duffy (2013) promote the learner’s psychological wellbeing which help the learner to achieve autonomous motivation. 7. 3 Academic performanceDuring my first year in my undergraduate programme in the UK, my academic performance fluctuated and I tended to blame my surrounding for most of my academic failures. The struggle to identify myself with a solid and acceptable social identity affected how I performed at university. Furthermore, a number of racial profiling incidents added insult to injury and influenced my academic performance in general. Greer (Greer et al.

Output: contrast