Input: Claim: Energy storage systems will make it unnecessary to generate electricity continuously. [SEP] Text: The latter, arguably, has been made easy over the past century by the abundance of fossil fuels driving the development of affordable and reliable thermal power stations. These until very recently have represented the core of the electricity grid system. Unfortunately, the effluent from these fossil fuel power stations is harmful to the planetary eco-system, because of the warming effect of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere [3–5]. Carbon capture [6] could solve the problem, but technological implementation remains much too far into the future to meaningfully address the climate change crisis. 2. 1 Distribution level storageThe currently favoured solution [1, 7, 8] envisages all of our power being supplied from renewable sources, with some backup from already existing ‘clean’ nuclear power stations in the form of integral fast reactors (IFR’s), plus any which can be brought ‘on stream’ by 2020. However, in order to achieve abandonment of fossil fuels by 2030, as dictated by the climate science, the major drive by mankind has to be towards securing clean energy from renewables. The major ‘stumbling block’ for this strategy is intermittency, particularly from wind, solar and wave sources [9]. It is usually claimed that security and quality of supply on a grid which accommodates renewable sources of electricity requires ‘base load’ generating stations fueled by coal, oil or natural gas to smooth out power fluctuations. Actually, the state-of-the-art literature suggests otherwise. On-going research and development is beginning to demonstrate that grid fluctuations can be corrected by alternatively incorporating MES into the system [10–13]. 2. Fig. 2Energy storage allocation in accordance with operating voltageFull size image A full range of electrical storage systems, calibrated on a power output in megawatts (MW) versus energy stored in Megawatt-hours (MWh) basis, is presented in Fig.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Everyone’s microbiome composition can be optimized to guarantee complete disease resistance. [SEP] Text: These glycan surface proteins elicit glycan-specific antibodies that attack Plasmodium spp. during transmission from Anopheles mosquitoes to mice lacking the glycan surface protein gene [105]. Similarly, mice colonized with Bifidobacterium breve bacteria expressing exopolysaccharides have significantly less colonization and persistence of a murine bacterial pathogen compared with mice without bacteria expressing an expolysaccharide gene [106]. The protective effect of B. breve is linked to a gene cluster responsible for the expression of exopolysaccharides. These two studies demonstrate that protection can be induced, or pathogenesis inhibited, by manipulating the gene expression of gut microbes. Importantly, given that bacteria can horizontally transfer genes, protection against parasitic infection conferred by expressed genes has the potential to persist in a microbial community independent of the presence of particular taxa. However, these scenarios are not exhaustive nor mutually exclusive. For example, in bees, high community diversity, high bacterial abundance, and taxa presence all contribute to protection against a trypanosome parasite [107]. Experimental approaches to study diet–microbiome–disease interactionsAs is clear from the previous examples, diets alter both parasite resistance and gut microbiomes in a range of animals. Because the microbiome is an important driver of parasite resistance, these relationships suggest that diets may change parasite resistance through their effects on the gut microbiome. However, to our knowledge, the effect of the diet on infectious disease susceptibility through their impact on the microbiome has not been unequivocally demonstrated in any system. Nonhuman animal systems that have separately demonstrated that diet alters resistance to parasites, diet alters the gut microbiome, and the gut microbiome alters parasitism are ideal systems to empirically test for the potential of diet altering disease resistance by modulating the gut microbiome. To fully explore this link, researchers must study diet, the microbiome, and disease in tandem in a controlled, experimental setting. The best case studies, based on current literature, appear to be experimentally tractable insect and mouse systems (Fig 2, Box 2). Box 2. Case study: Composition of gut microbial community modulates severity of malaria in mice One study on mouse malaria investigated the three relationships that are the focus of this review: (1) diet alters disease resistance; (2) diets alter gut microbiomes; and (3) gut microbiomes modulate disease resistance [7].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: La présence de certains animaux lors de la représentation de 2018 ajoute d’ailleurs une dimension optimiste et positive à la tragédie shakespearienne avec l’espoir d’une paix universelle à l’échelle nationale (réunification de la Corée, nation qui fut scindée en deux à la fin de la Mondiale) et mondiale (d’où le choix d’exporter la représentation théâtrale en dehors de la Corée). Appeler un chat un chat : caractérisation animale et folklore coréen Des noms et des masques 4 Transcription (partielle) de la représentation de Roméo et Juliette (2006), MIT Global Shakespeare, (. . . ) 5 Kim Yun-Cheol, directeur artistique du « Company of Korea », communication personn (. . . ) 4La scène de combat qui marque le début de la représentation révèle les tensions entre deux familles opposées : un groupe de jeunes gens portant des habits verts (clan des Montaigu) et un autre revêtant des costumes orange (clan des Capulet) font irruption sur scène, agitent leur joy – une arme en bois – exécutant ainsi ce qui s’apparente à une chorégraphie Geommu, ou danse de l’épée traditionnelle en Corée. Après cette scène d’affrontement, la nourrice fait son apparition et apporte une note d’humour pour alléger l’atmosphère tendue – le mélange de la tragédie et de la comédie est un motif récurrent dans le Roméo et Juliette d’Oh Tae-Suk.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Energy storage systems will make it unnecessary to generate electricity continuously. [SEP] Text: 9 diagram represents middle distance grid operation at typically 100 kV transformed down from the very high voltage sector as represented by the transformer/control icon. At this voltage, power is again generated by the full range of renewables (wind turbine + solar array icons), again replacing the fossil fuel generators in Fig. 1, while most of the storage facilities listed in Fig. 3 (green battery icons in Fig. 9), could contribute to voltage quality maintenance. Some power distribution to factories and high voltage users is suggested by the factory symbols (see Fig. 1). The lower third of Fig. 9 represents the power distribution network. While some power generation can occur at this level (solar panel symbol), this network mainly provides electrical power to users (as suggested by the administrative tower, factory and housing estate). Voltage smoothing and fault mitigation is secured by employing storage facilities which are matched to the needs of the community being served. These are again represented by the battery icons. At the distribution level, it is clear that users, from households to hospitals, have very different requirements with respect to the quality, stability and reliability of their electricity supply. This probably means that in addition to the pumped-hydro or compressed air plants capable of delivering significant power levels over long enough time periods to ensure continuity of supply, the distribution grid will also have to incorporate low energy, high discharge rate systems, such as and SMES (see Fig. 3) to guarantee quality. Unfortunately, all of these technologies are intrinsically generators of DC power on discharge. While this may have represented a problem in the past for the AC grid system, recent technology advances in the power supply industries, based on modern power electronics converters, can provide an answer to this mismatch. Developments in flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) aim to provide robust grid control at times of complex operational demand, usually associated with random external disturbances or fluctuations [22]. FACTS are multi-megawatt proven power electronic devices which are being introduced at the present time into the electricity supply networks. Rather than following conventional practice and switching to stand-by, or base load, fossil fuel powered generators in this power interruption scenario, FACTS enable the maintenance of stability on the grid by permitting storage techniques based on DC devices, such as and CES to be incorporated into grid control systems. Thus by employing storage in conjunction with voltage source converters, it is possible to effectively negate or damp oscillations caused by sudden changes in load conditions [22].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Everyone’s microbiome composition can be optimized to guarantee complete disease resistance. [SEP] Text: This study first found that genetically inbred mice (C57BL/6) infected with Plasmodium significantly differed in parasite burden based on mouse vendor source. Mice from (Jax) and Taconic (Tac) had a significantly lower number of parasites and no mortality compared with Institute/(NCI) and Harlan (Har) mice. To test whether diet increases resistance to malarial infection, Jax (resistant) and NCI (susceptible) mice were fed two commercial chow diets: NIH-31 and Teklad 22/5. Although parasitemia was not affected in susceptible NCI mice fed these diets, the Teklad 22/5 diet significantly increased parasitemia and mortality in resistant Jax mice compared with the NIH-31 diet. This study also demonstrated that the alternative diets affect the gut microbial community composition: Jax mice fed the Teklad 22/5 diet had lower relative abundance of the bacterial family Peptostreptococcaceae compared with Jax mice fed the NIH-31 diet. The researchers then used fecal transplants, microbial supplementation, and immune assays to demonstrate that the gut microbiome reduces parasitism. However, instead of carrying out this study with mice of similar origin fed on alternative diets, the researchers used mice that varied in resistance due to different vendor origin (Jax and Tac versus NCI and Har). Thus, while suggestive of an indirect link, this study did not yet unequivocally demonstrate that diets altered disease resistance by modulating the gut microbiome. The need to study diet, the microbiome, and disease together is clear when one tries to connect the three across separate studies. For example, bee studies have shown that diets rich in alkaloids increase resistance to a variety of parasites, including trypanosomes, fungi, and microsporidia [9,21,24]. Separate studies have shown that pollen supplemented with nectar diet alters the gut microbial community composition of bee larvae [75], and, as highlighted previously, other studies have shown that bee gut microbes can increase resistance to pathogens and parasites [90,92]. Complications arise when trying to link these studies. First, the dietary components considered were different across studies (Box 1).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: Elle arrive en courant, interpellant les personnes présentes en utilisant des noms d’animaux : « Blaireau Grenouille Lézard Raton laveur Pieuvre Sauterelle » (« Badger! Frog! Lizard! Raccoon! Octopus! Grasshopper! 4 »). Cette ouverture n’a nullement surpris Kim Yun-Cheol, directeur artistique du « Company of Korea » et président de l’des Critiques de Théâtre, qui explique que dans la culture coréenne, chaque animal est associé à une émotion ou un trait de caractère humain5. Les personnages de la tragédie shakespearienne ne correspondent donc pas à un nom propre, mais à un ou plusieurs attribut(s) conféré(s) à chaque animal. Kim Yun-Cheol indique que les Coréens se donnent souvent des noms d’animaux entre eux en fonction de ce qu’ils veulent exprimer ou dire sur la personne qu’ils interpellent ou surnomment. En outre, il attire l’attention sur les masques d’animaux que certains acteurs portent dans la mise en scène d’Oh Tae-Suk car ils reflètent une caractéristique intrinsèque du personnage, renseignant ainsi les spectateurs sur son identité mais également sur ses intentions et son destin. Les amants maudits : animaux et influence du destin, ou le rôle de l’astrologie 6 Shelly Wu, Chinese Astrology: Exploring the 2005, (. . . ) 7 Transcription de la représentation de Roméo et Juliette (2006), op. cit. , p. 3. 8 Simon Buia, « », photographie accessible en ligne sur : (. . .

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Energy storage systems will make it unnecessary to generate electricity continuously. [SEP] Text: In view of the challenges resulting from the increased need for electric power and the high operational costs of obtaining conventional energy; Which requires an increase in the economic expenditures of the state in addition to the environmental pollution resulting from the use of petroleum materials in power generation, and the depletion of oil resources in light of the provision of natural resources that are less expensive and better for the environment and promote economic development at the global and national levels. In view of the continued rise in the global demand for energy, especially in economies that have grown rapidly in industrialization and developing economies, he turned the issue of energy availability and security into an important political issue and a major element for all international conferences and forums of the United Nations, which seek energy sustainability at the lowest costs and the use of clean and human-friendly energies and environment. Egypt faces a similar situation with its reliance on the traditional pattern of electric power generation, especially fossil fuels, as a major source of energy, in addition to the increasing consumption considering the large economic and population growth. This puts great pressure on its fossil fuel resources. In addition, the need for alternative energy is of strategic importance for the long-term prosperity and security of the energy supply. VL - 8 IS - 3 ER - Copy | × captcha is required. Captcha is not valid.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Everyone’s microbiome composition can be optimized to guarantee complete disease resistance. [SEP] Text: Second, the two-way relationships were studied in different life stages: while the effect of alkaloid diets on the trypanosome Crithidia bombi was investigated in bee adults [21], and the effect of gut microbes on C. bombi was also studied in adults [90], the effect of protein and sugar-rich diets on bee microbial communities was investigated in bee larvae [75]. Similarly, in mosquitoes, a particular larval aquatic diet increases resistance to Plasmodium spp. and also increases the relative abundance of two bacterial families [8]. Separate studies have demonstrated that mosquito gut microbes reduce parasitism with Plasmodium [6,104]. Ideally, researchers would study all three interactions across life stages, because diet differences across immature stages could have lifelong effects on adult individuals. Similar to bees, the dietary components and life stages between these mosquito studies were different—fish flakes for aquatic larvae versus sugars and blood in adults. We are aware of only a single study using mice in which all three separate components were considered [7]. However, even within this study, it is not clear that diet mediated its antiparasitic effects by modulating the gut microbiome (Box 2). In order to study the potential effect of diet-altered protective gut microbiomes on infectious disease, we propose several recommendations. First, studies should only use animal systems in which host diet increases resistance to tractable parasites. Second, host genetics should be carefully controlled. Ideally, host genetics can be controlled by testing individuals with identical or similar genetic backgrounds, such as monozygotic twins or full siblings. Alternatively, unrelated individuals can be partitioned across treatments to reduce confounding factors. Third, it is important to determine whether alternative diets are associated with alterations of the microbial community and if so, to try and elucidate whether the same dietary components are responsible for altering parasite resistance. Fourth, it should be demonstrated directly, through a unified study, that gut microbial community variation caused by alternative diets correlates with disease susceptibility. A particularly powerful approach for this test is to use fecal transplants [7,44,90]. Beyond demonstrating that the actual altered microbiome provides resistance to parasites, carefully manipulated fecal transplants can also be used to elucidate whether the presence of the entire gut community is needed for protection or whether the presence and abundance of particular taxa are more important.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: ) 5Astrology: Exploring the (2005), révèle que les signes du zodiaque chinois définissent une personne en fonction de l’animal qui lui est associé6. L’importance donnée par Kim Yun-Cheol aux masques dans la mise en scène d’Oh Tae-Suk peut faire penser à l’influence de l’astrologie chinoise qui a une place considérable dans la culture coréenne. L’ajout de ces accessoires devrait donc éclairer le spectateur quant à l’identité des personnages. Lorsque Roméo et son entourage se préparent pour aller au bal organisé par les Capulet, Mercutio fait part de l’idée de se déguiser en fonction des signes du zodiaque pour ne pas être reconnus (« We shall mask ourselves with the signs of the Zodiac7 »). Les jeunes gens du clan des Montaigu arborent donc des masques de cheval, chèvre, chien ou mouton8. 9 Transcription de la représentation de Roméo et Juliette (2006), op. cit. , p. 3. 10 Simon Buia, op. cit. , 11 « In Korea, each animal has a certain character. We characterize each animal in term of human emoti (. . . ) 12 Shelly Wu, op. cit. , p. 11. Dans ce sens l’astrologie chinoise est similaire à l’astrologie européen (. . . ) 13 Transcription de la représentation de Roméo et Juliette (2006), op. cit. , p. 3. 6Mercutio choisit le cochon comme emblème personnel (« I shall be the pig9 »)10, signe du zodiaque associé à l’honnêteté, la liberté, une certaine tendance à l’égoïsme et une aversion contre l’injuste11.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Energy storage systems will make it unnecessary to generate electricity continuously. [SEP] Text: There is a clear need for increased technical performance and reduced costs to create a profitable CGFB. Yet, because of the exciting benefits across different aspects such as safety, environment and politics, CGFB technology is worth continued research. AB - The total amount of energy derived from wind turbines and solar panels is rapidly growing. Since these sources of energy are intermittent in nature, supply and demand of energy show an increasing mismatch. To accommodate efficient, large scale use of intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind and sun, energy storage systems are necessary. One of the primary drivers for the increasing use of renewable energy sources is concern about the quality of our environment. Therefore, it is vital that energy storage systems storing sustainable energy, are sustainable themselves. Creating storage systems using abundant, environmentally friendly materials is therefore an important prerequisite for a sustainable energy supply. This thesis aims to explore the potential of the (CGFB) as large-scale electricity storage technology. A CGFB stores energy in aqueous solutions of salt (typically NaCl) and uses ion exchange membranes to extract energy from the solutions. 3. 2 kWh m-3 for NaCl). The maximum energy density is shown to vary as function of salt concentrations, volume ratio between salt and fresh solution and salt type. A model is introduced which includes the major dissipation factors; internal resistance, water transport and co-ion transport. Experimental work is performed to validate the model. A wide range of salt concentrations (0-3 m NaCl) and current densities (-49 to +33 A m-2) is chosen. From this work, an optimal working range is identified where the concentrate concentrations preferably do not exceed the 1 m. At higher concentrate concentrations water transport and co-ion transport are found to increase heavily decreasing the energy efficiency of the battery. In 0. 5 and η > 0. 4) where the CGFB delivers best performance in terms of energy efficiency (max. discharge η of 72%) and power density (max. discharge power density, 1. 1 W m-2). Tests are also performed at different temperatures (10, 25 and 40 ˚C) to measure the effect of temperature on mass transport, internal resistance and power density.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Everyone’s microbiome composition can be optimized to guarantee complete disease resistance. [SEP] Text: To tease apart the protective mechanism of species presence and interactions, cultivated microbial transplants of specific community members have been effective in bees, mosquitoes, and mice [7,92,104]. Silencing microbial community members’ genes is also an effective way to resolve whether the presence and expression of certain genes are responsible for the protective mechanism of the gut microbiome, as shown in mice [105,106]. Finally, for animal systems with robust genetic tools, including mosquitoes and moths, both host immune genes and microbiome toxin genes can be silenced to determine their interplay [6,108,109]. ConclusionExisting studies suggest that diets can alter host resistance to parasites by modulating the gut microbiome, but conclusive studies remain lacking. Although an understanding of diet–microbiome–disease interactions is critical for humans, we propose alternative animal model systems to test fundamental properties of this potential interaction. These animals are relevant to agriculture and epidemiology, and they allow for carefully controlled experiments with few constraints on sample size. Most importantly, they are tractable systems that have strong evidence of each separate interaction: diets modulate resistance to parasites, diets alter gut microbiomes, and gut microbiomes modulate parasitism (Fig 2). Existing experimental tools now allow researchers to build on the separate, direct relationships to determine whether there is an indirect link between host diet, host gut microbiome, and parasite infection. Elucidation of the importance and ubiquity of such a link will help us better understand the therapeutic potential of diets and gut microbiomes to control infectious disease. 1. . Coevolutionary interactions between host and parasite genotypes. Trends Parasitol. 2006;22: 12–6. pmid:16310412 View 2. . Parasites dominate food web links. . 2006;103: 11211–6. pmid:16844774 View 3. Wolinska J, King KC. Environment can alter selection in host-parasite interactions. 2009;25: 236–244. pmid:19356982 View 4. . Immunity in a variable world. . 2009;364: 15–26. pmid:18926975 View 5. van de Vos WM, et al. Duodenal infusion of donor feces for recurrent Clostridium difficile. N Med. 2013;368: 407–15. pmid:23323867 View 6. .

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: Ces caractéristiques semblent bien désigner ce personnage – dont le nom propre n’est pas mentionné dans la mise en scène d’Oh Tae-Suk – comme l’équivalent de Mercutio dans le Roméo et Juliette de Shakespeare. L’importance accordée à l’astrologie chinoise n’est pas seulement d’ordre pratique, car si les signes du zodiaque permettent de caractériser de façon archétypale un personnage véhiculant les traits de personnalité et le tempérament associés à tel ou tel animal, ils sont fondés sur un calcul mathématique prenant en compte la position des étoiles et planètes lors de la naissance d’un individu12. Les étoiles occupent donc une place prépondérante, et en fonction de l’évolution de ces dernières dans le ciel, elles peuvent avoir une influence sur le présent et le futur des différents signes du zodiaque. Mercutio fait remarquer ceci lorsqu’il demande à Tybalt de reporter leur duel car l’orientation des étoiles ne semble pas être favorable à une personne native du cochon ce jour-là (« Let’s fight tomorrow, today is not a good day according to my zodiac sign13 »). 14 William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet, éd. René Weis, coll. Shakespeare, Londres, Bloomsb (. . . ) 15 L’astrologue indique que l’impulsivité excessive joue un rôle décisif dans l’int (. . . ) 16 et John Young, « Early modern astrology », dans A Cr (. . . ) 17 Idem et J. W. Draper, « Shakespeare’s ‘Star-Crossed Lovers’ », of 15. 57, (. . .

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Virtual reality is also being used in interior design to help clients visualize how a space will look with different furnishings. [SEP] Text: -19 PreprintsProtocolsVideosJournalsTools & a 10. 21203/rs. 3. rs-2550113/v1This work is licensed under a CC BY 4. 0 LicenseStatus:Published15 Apr, 2023Read the published version in →Version 1posted 4You are reading this latest preprint versionAbstractWith the continuous improvement and promotion of new technologies in the information age, virtual reality technology has been widely used. Virtual interaction technology has also begun to penetrate into the application market. At present, virtual reality technology has been widely recognized in the field of interior design, which can be used for target display based on virtual exhibition halls, so it is sought after by many users. This form is different from the previous rigid scene reproduction methods such as images and videos. Customers do not have to be in the actual scene, as long as they can run and watch through the network, and get a sense of reality. This paper develops a kind of virtual interior design system based on VR technology, and divides it into two categories, one is virtual reality based on software technology, the other is virtual reality based on virtual hardware technology. The technical principle is based on the following four steps: preprocessing, model transformation, image fusion and registration, which are tested by simulation experiments. The algorithm proposed in this paper can determine whether the Cu is continuously divided in advance, so as to improve coding efficiency, accelerate the effect display of interior design, and improve customer experience. The intended task of the system design is to bring immersive experience to the target users, so that they can get the most real perception at any time and anywhere. This paper introduces the virtual reality technology into the interior design to carry out the system application analysis and effect display. Virtual reality technologyInterior designEffect displaySystem designFiguresFigure 1Figure 2Figure 3Figure 41. IntroductionVirtual reality technology, known as VR technology, is a computer graphics technology that integrates various technologies, including network technology, multimedia technology, graphic three-dimensional display technology, simulation technology, human-computer interaction technology, etc [1]. It is also an interdisciplinary comprehensive technology, including the ideas of many disciplines, such as mathematics, aesthetics, mechanics and kinematic optics. This technology can create a virtual reality that can bring immersive feeling and experience to users by using computer and other media [2].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Everyone’s microbiome composition can be optimized to guarantee complete disease resistance. [SEP] Text: Implication of the mosquito midgut microbiota in the defense against malaria parasites. PLoS Pathog. 2009;5: e1000423. pmid:19424427 View 7. Composition of the gut microbiota modulates the severity of malaria. Acad Sci. 2016;113: 2235–2240. pmid:26858424 View 8. . Larval diet affects mosquito development and permissiveness to Plasmodium infection. Sci Rep. 2016;6: 38230. pmid:27910908 View 9. . Diet-related gut bacterial dysbiosis correlates with impaired development, increased mortality and Nosema disease in the honeybee (Apis mellifera). Mol Ecol. 2016;25: 5439–5450. pmid:27717118 View 10. Microbiota-dependent priming of antiviral intestinal immunity in Drosophila. Microbe. 2015;18: 571–581. pmid:26567510 View 11. . Immune system stimulation by the gut symbiont Frischella perrara in the honey bee (Apis mellifera). Mol Ecol. 2017;26: 2576–2590. pmid:28207182 View 12. Derrien M, Veiga P. Rethinking diet to aid human–microbe symbiosis. Trends Microbiol. 2017;25: 100–112. pmid:27916707 View 13. . Seasonal trends in intestinal nematode infection and medicinal plant use among chimpanzees in the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. Primates. 1997;38: 111–125. View 14. . Chemical basis for Aspilia leaf-swallowing by chimpanzees: a reanalysis. J Chem Ecol. 1997;23: 2211–2226. View 15. . Self-medication as adaptive plasticity: increased ingestion of plant toxins by parasitized caterpillars. . 2009;4: e4796. pmid:19274098 View 16. Sternberg ED, Lefèvre T, Li J, de Food plant derived disease tolerance and resistance in a natural butterfly-plant-parasite interactions. Evolution. 2012;66: 3367–76. pmid:23106703 View 17. de Roode JC.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: ) 7Oh Tae-Suk reprend ici le paradigme déjà présent dans la tragédie shakespearienne selon lequel la position des astres dans le ciel a une influence sur les individus. Roméo et Juliette sont définis dans le prologue de la pièce comme des amants maudits (« star-crossed lovers14 », Romeo and Juliet prologue l. 6), c’est-à-dire deux personnes subissant l’alignement de planètes qui exercent une influence malveillante15. Même si Roméo déclare vouloir s’affranchir du joug des astres (« defy you, stars », Romeo and Juliet, V. i. 24), il n’échappe pas à son triste sort. Cette corrélation entre les planètes et la vie terrestre n’est d’ailleurs pas une idiosyncrasie de Shakespeare. L’astrologie était communément considérée comme une science durant la période élisabéthaine, et l’équivalent de ce que nous connaissons sous le nom d’horoscope était calculé de façon à comprendre la personnalité et le destin de chaque individu16. La reine Élisabeth 1re avait recours aux services de John Dee, mathématicien et astrologue diplômé de l’Université de Cambridge, qui lui indiquait le moment propice pour lancer une attaque ou organiser des événements importants17. Emblème animal 18 Shakespeare, Craiova, Facebook, photographie accessible en ligne sur : htt (. . . ) 19 Richard E. Strassberg, A Chinese Bestiary: from a (. . . ) 20 Shakespeare, Craiova, op. cit. , (. . .

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Virtual reality is also being used in interior design to help clients visualize how a space will look with different furnishings. [SEP] Text: Virtual reality can enable users to interact with targets in virtual space, so as to meet their needs of immersion and interactivity and reasonably demonstrate the multi-dimensional form of human-computer interaction [3]. Today, virtual reality technology continues to develop, and the field of games and video is the main application area of the technology. As a popular form of entertainment, games are the easiest to impress experienced people. Good interactivity and interesting playing methods will naturally attract users' attention first, and panoramic video is the first project developed [4]. The reason is that its low power consumption characteristics can reduce the hardware cost, which plays an important role in the early adoption of VR by the public and the formation of VR habits [5]. However, VR technology is not only simply applied in the field of games and video applications, but also widely used in other fields such as animation, tourism, navigation, teaching, medicine, real estate transactions, theme parks, sports, social activity platforms, etc [6]. Among them, the application value of VR interior design has begun to appear. The new interior design model based on VR has brought a new and unique concept to the very old original design and marketing road, and the experience of using virtual scene technology is also exciting and appreciated [7]. 2. Relevant WorkBased on the shortcomings of traditional projection algorithms, such as too much calculation and complex formula application, a class of improved projection algorithms, namely, cylindrical projection and back projection algorithms based on plan form, are proposed [8]. This paper discusses the registration process based on the optimization algorithm, and discusses the feature matching and gray image in the process of image registration algorithm, then, based on the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the fusion algorithm [9], the panoramic image Mosaic algorithm is quoted in view of its shortcomings such as feature extraction ambiguity and poor registration effect[10–11]. The algorithm is implemented by rectangular positioning blocks. Then the Hough transform is used to locate the feature rectangle to achieve image registration, and then the cylindrical panoramic image is stitched to solve the above shortcomings [12]. The literature proposes an optimized panoramic image stitching algorithm, which is based on rectangular positioning block, and can use the gray information of the processed image to perform threshold segmentation for the combined image, and use the characteristics of the rectangular image to obtain its vertices by Hough transform, so as to perform rectangular matching [13].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Everyone’s microbiome composition can be optimized to guarantee complete disease resistance. [SEP] Text: Fitness costs of animal medication: antiparasitic plant chemicals reduce fitness of monarch butterfly hosts. J Anim Ecol. 2016;85: 1246–1254. pmid:27286503 View 18. de Roode JC. Secondary defense chemicals in milkweed reduce parasite infection in monarch butterflies, Danaus plexippus. J Chem Ecol. 2015;41: 520–523. pmid:25953502 View 19. de. Host plant species affects virulence in monarch butterfly parasites. J Anim Ecol. 2008;77: 120–126. pmid:18177332 View 20. . Host plant iridoid glycosides mediate herbivore interactions with natural enemies. Oecologia. 2018;188: 491–500. pmid:30003369 View 21. Secondary metabolites in floral nectar reduce parasite infections in bumblebees. Sci. 2015;282: 20142471-. pmid:25694627 View 22. Anthony WE, Palmer-. Testing dose-dependent effects of the nectar alkaloid anabasine on trypanosome parasite loads in adult bumble bees. . 2015;10: e0142496. pmid:26545106 View 23. . Diet effects on honeybee immunocompetence. Biol Lett. 2010;6: 562–565. pmid:20089536 View 24. . Nutritional limitation and resistance to opportunistic Aspergillus parasites in honey bee larvae. J Invertebr Pathol. 2012;111: 68–73. pmid:22750047 View 25. . Genotype and diet shape resistance and tolerance across distinct phases of bacterial infection. BMC Evol Biol. 2014;14: 56. pmid:24655914 View 26. -H, et al. High fat diet modulates Trypanosoma cruzi infection associated myocarditis. . 2014;8: e3118. pmid:25275627 View 27. Effect of vitamin A supplementation on morbidity due to Plasmodium falciparum in young children in Guinea: a randomised trial. Lancet. 1999;354: 203–9. pmid:10421302 View 28. . High dietary folate in mice alters immune response and reduces survival after malarial infection. . 2015;10: e0143738.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: ) 8Dans la mise en scène d’Oh Tae-Suk d’avril 2018, Juliette n’est pas singularisée par le biais d’un signe car elle ne porte pas de masque. Cependant, elle est tout de même associée, de la même manière que Mercutio, à un animal – le renard. Lors de la scène du bal, alors que les jeunes hommes du clan des Montaigu portent des masques, les demoiselles du clan des Capulet, vêtues de blanc, tiennent des panneaux rouges de façon à former la silhouette d’un renard18. La couleur rouge crée ici un rappel chromatique et lie Mercutio aux pancartes, comme si ce dernier pouvait aider le spectateur à comprendre l’image du renard en identifiant le lien entre la caractérisation animale via les masques/signes du zodiaque et la présence du renard entre les mains des jeunes femmes. Dans le bestiaire coréen, le renard blanc à neuf queues est vu comme un signe de bon augure en temps de paix, mais c’est surtout l’image du renard comme charmeur qui prévaut dans la mise en scène d’Oh Tae-Suk. En coréen, le mot pour désigner un renard, yeo-u (여우), fait aussi référence à une jeune femme qui sait comment agir afin d’obtenir ce qu’elle veut19. Le renard est en effet associé à des figures féminines qui font bon usage de leur charme et leur intelligence pour attirer leur partenaire (ou leur proie, en fonction du contexte).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Virtual reality is also being used in interior design to help clients visualize how a space will look with different furnishings. [SEP] Text: The interior design can modify the visual color design of the room, the hydropower layout, the home decoration, and the decoration design. Design, change the design multiple times. In today's society, people are satisfied with food and clothing and began to pursue more life feelings. In addition, buying houses in big cities itself is not easy. For wealth, people do their best to make the house more comfortable and warmer the home, not the replica of other people's homes. In view of the shortcomings of the current virtual interior design, the virtual interior design is effectively optimized from three aspects of the sense of substitution, accuracy and integrity. Binocular overlap: refers to the binocular overlap of the human visual system, which usually represents the visual part obtained by both eyes, rather than the visual part image obtained by monocular. The images seen by the left and right eyes of the human body will be slightly different due to the difference in perspective, and the brain will perform image overlapping processing on this part, so the processed image will have a stereoscopic sense. This process is extremely important for depth perception and can greatly enhance the sense of substitution of the virtual reality image. Panoramic view: virtual reality has a 720 ° panoramic view for the user to rotate, and can check some hidden corners to avoid forgetting the key points. Digital display demand analysis: (1) The operator can control the virtual character to walk and browse in the virtual room. (2) The operator can perform automatic roaming navigation. (3) The operator can use the handle to replace the wall, floor and furniture. (4) The operator can simply interact with some elements in the scene, such as turning on and off the lights. 4. 2 System architecture design The virtual interior design system is mainly composed of display layer (UI) and business logic layer (BLL). The system is generally divided into two parts: virtual roaming and VR interaction, as shown in Fig. 3. 4. 3 System function design The function of virtual interior design system is mainly composed of three modules: automatic roaming, walking roaming, VR interaction, etc. As shown in Fig. 4. 4. 4 System test From the experience feedback of experienced people, the comfort of the product has reached a high level of existing virtual reality products. For slight dizziness, the experimenter said it was acceptable, and only a small number of users felt very dizzy.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Everyone’s microbiome composition can be optimized to guarantee complete disease resistance. [SEP] Text: pmid:26599510 View 29. ölkki Intra- and trans-generational effects of larval diet on susceptibility to an entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana, in the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella. J Evol Biol. 2015;28: 1453–1464. pmid:26052853 View 30. Where next for microbiome research? PLoS Biol. 2015;13: e1002050. pmid:25602283 View 31. Cho I, Blaser MJ. The human microbiome: at the interface of health and disease. Genet. 2012; pmid:22411464 View 32. - Rapid changes in the gut microbiome during human evolution. Acad Sci. 2014;111: 16431–16435. pmid:25368157 View 33. . A simple and distinctive microbiota associated with honey bees and bumble bees. Mol Ecol. 2011;20: 619–628. pmid:21175905 View 34. -Vesbach CD. Do diet and taxonomy influence insect gut bacterial communities? Mol Ecol. 2012;21: 5124–5137. pmid:22978555 View 35. Warnecke F, Luginbühl Metagenomic and functional analysis of hindgut microbiota of a wood-feeding higher termite. Nature. 2007;450: 560–5. pmid:18033299 View 36. Mikaelyan A, Dietrich C, Köhler T, Poulsen M, Sillam-Dussès D, Brune A. Diet is the primary determinant of bacterial community structure in the guts of higher termites. Mol Ecol. 2015;24: 5284–95. pmid:26348261 View 37. -Y, Keilbaugh SA, et al. Linking long-term dietary patterns with gut microbial enterotypes. Science. 2011;334: 105–8. pmid:21885731 View 38. Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome. Nature. 2014;505: 559–63. pmid:24336217 View 39.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: C’est le cas de Juliette qui flirte ouvertement avec Roméo lors de la scène du bal et (se) joue de/avec lui lorsqu’il rejoint sa nouvelle épouse dans la chambre de cette dernière. Recouverte d’un tissu blanc, la scène devient un gigantesque lit dans lequel les amoureux folâtrent20. Utilisant ce qui fait office de linge de lit, Juliette joue à cache-cache avec son mari, jeu qui a pour résultat de prendre au piège Roméo qui se retrouve, telle une momie, coincé dans les draps de sa bien-aimée. Un Roméo et Juliette universel : l’esthétique d’Oh Tae-Suk, d’est en ouest L’amour donne des ailes : absence de (petits) noms 21 Scène du balcon. Réplique affichée sur les écrans au-dessus de la scène lors de la représentation d (. . . ) 9Même si des différences par rapport au texte source apparaissent par le biais du symbolisme animal coréen en ce qui concerne l’identification et la caractérisation des personnages, plusieurs éléments peuvent nous amener à voir ce Roméo et Juliette comme une représentation universelle d’une histoire d’amour impossible. Tout d’abord, les deux familles qui s’affrontent dans la mise en scène d’Oh Tae-Suk ne sont à aucun moment identifiées par leur nom.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Virtual reality is also being used in interior design to help clients visualize how a space will look with different furnishings. [SEP] Text: In general, most users are very interested in the product and are completely unwilling to take down the VR glasses case. In order to understand the advantages and disadvantages of the regions, 3 × 5 × 3. The average score of each area in the space is divided into area 1, area 2 and area 3. 3 for the average score of each area. Table 3 Average scores of clustering regions Pure gesture Pure eye movement Hand -eye 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 n 3. 5 4. 1 6. 4 3. 4 4. 7 6. 2 2. 6 3. 9 5. 5 2. 8 4. 0 5. 5 3. 2 4. 9 6. 7 m 2. 4 2. 9 4. 9 2. 0 3. 6 5. 7 3. 1 3. 4 5. 7 2. 7 3. 1 5. 4 2. 4 4. 4 7. 0 f 2. 3 3. 7 6. 3 2. 3 3. 5 5. 6 2. 2 3. 7 6. 0 2. 9 3. 9 6. 7 1. 9 3. 3 5. 9 Next, calculate the average value of three interaction types on the three indicators in three sets to analyze interactive p25. 23% 71. 84% 3. 64% Single -point direction 16. 03% 65. 90% 18. 45% continuous 14. 66% 68. 32% 18. 04% Discrete 23. 46% 68. 90% 7. 91% Direction 14. 96% 66. 84% 19. 19% Direction 24. 13% 69. 99% 6. 08% 4. 5 Analysis of application of virtual reality technology in indoor design effect display Advantages of VR technology in modern interior design: VR technology has brought new breakthroughs in the field of interior design. We can apply this technology to interior decoration, through virtual scenes, let customers better understand the connotation of the design scheme, reduce the lack of communication, and improve the efficiency and accuracy of communication. In the whole design process, the designer can effectively virtualize the space according to the data size. Provided by customers or real estate developers, and then converted by input-output conversion equipment, VR technology can imitate reality. User experience includes vision, hearing and other senses, based on which a more real experience is created.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Everyone’s microbiome composition can be optimized to guarantee complete disease resistance. [SEP] Text: Tarayre C, Bauwens J, Mattéotti Multiple analyses of microbial communities applied to the gut of the wood-feeding termite Reticulitermes flavipes fed on artificial diets. Symbiosis. 2015;65: 143–155. View 40. - Host lifestyle affects human microbiota on daily timescales. Genome Biol. 2014;15: R89. pmid:25146375 View 41. The long-term stability of the human gut microbiota. Science. 2013;341: 1237439. pmid:23828941 View 42. Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome. Nature. 2011;473: 174–80. pmid:21508958 View 43. ’Connor EM, Cusack S, et al. Gut microbiota composition correlates with diet and health in the elderly. 2012; pmid:22797518 44. . The effect of diet on the human gut microbiome: a metagenomic analysis in humanized gnotobiotic mice. Med. 2009;1: 6ra14. pmid:20368178 View 45. Impact of diet in shaping gut microbiota revealed by a comparative study in children from Europe and rural Africa. . 2010;107: 14691–14696. pmid:20679230 View 46. . Diet strongly influences the gut microbiota of surgeonfishes. Mol Ecol. 2014; pmid:25533191 View 47. Pinto-Tomás A, Sittenfeld A, Uribe-Lorío L, Chavarría Comparison of midgut bacterial diversity in tropical caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) fed on different diets. Environ Entomol. 2011;40: 1111–1122. pmid:22251723 View 48. Kišidayová S, Váradyová Z, Pristaš P, Piknová M, Nigutová K, Petrželková KJ, et al. Effects of high- and low-fiber diets on fecal fermentation and fecal microbial populations of captive chimpanzees. Primatol. 2009;71: 548–557. pmid:19367605 View 49. . Dynamic gut microbiome across life history of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae in Kenya. . 2011;6: e24767.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: Le directeur artistique du « of Korea » a fait remarquer que même si les patronymes « Montaigu » et « Capulet » étaient retranscrits sur les écrans au-dessus de la scène où une traduction en anglais était affichée, les noms de famille n’étaient pas inclus dans le script coréen. Les deux clans opposés peuvent cependant être distingués grâce aux couleurs de leur tenue, vert et bleu ou orange et marron, en fonction de leur affiliation au camp des Capulet ou des Montaigu. De la même façon, les prénoms des divers personnages ne sont pas mentionnés, ce qui donne à l’injonction de Roméo « Let us both abandon our names and leave21 » une dimension universelle. 22 William Shakespeare, éd. et trad. Jean-Michel Déprats et Gisèle Venet, Tragédies I (Œuvres complète (. . . ) 10Parallèlement, les noms affectueux échangés entre Roméo et Juliette lors de la scène du balcon ne sont pas cités ou traduits en coréen. Ils sont cependant suggérés à travers, entre autres, des effets sonores. En effet, la scène est ponctuée de chants d’oiseaux, ce qui rappelle l’appellation affectueuse « mon tout petit faucon22 » (« my nyas », Romeo and Juliet, II. ii. 168). La dimension visuelle est également exploitée pour véhiculer les sentiments amoureux des personnages. D’une part, le surnom de Juliette est retranscrit dans les gestes de cette dernière lorsqu’elle compare indirectement ses bras et son corps à une cage dans laquelle elle envelopperait son prétendant : ’m here. ’t go too far.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Virtual reality is also being used in interior design to help clients visualize how a space will look with different furnishings. [SEP] Text: Virtual reality expression can make customers feel immersive and effectively improve the efficiency of information transmission. Advantages of working mode of VR technology: The designer can input different dimensions on the computer through the VR system, or directly adjust the model library to achieve the purpose of simulating the real design scene. Both designers and customers can walk through the virtual space and change the design, which not only saves communication time, but also saves the cost of making models. The VR system also avoids the problem that the design studio is prone to suffer from occupational diseases when sitting in front of the computer for a long time. It can also communicate with online designers through the Internet to negotiate their own design plans and share network information, so as to expand the design vision and make customers more satisfied. 5. ConclusionNowadays, interior design schemes are usually presented in the form of renderings. Due to the strong expressiveness and good effect of renderings, most customers prefer this gorgeous image. However, when the design needs to be modified, the whole process is very complex, difficult and time-consuming. With the development of global scientific research capability, VR technology has made continuous breakthroughs and has been used in various industries. As a marketing product in the service industry, interior design cannot meet the needs of more advanced environment by relying on traditional interior solutions. DeclarationsCompliance with Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests Ethical approval This 2013. J. E. Cutting, “How the eye measures reality and virtual reality,” Methods, Instruments, & Computers, vol. 29, no. 1, 1997. K. K. Bhagat, W. K. Liou, & C. Y. Chang, “A cost-effective interactive 3D virtual reality system applied to military live firing training,” Virtual Reality, vol. 20, no. 2, 2016. E. Brivio, S. Serino, E. Negro Cousa, A. Zini, G. Riva, & G. De Leo, “Virtual reality and 360 panorama technology: a media comparison to study changes in sense of presence, anxiety, and positive emotions,” Virtual Reality, vol. 25, no. 2, 2021. A. Zare, A. Aminlou, M. M. Hannuksela, & M.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Everyone’s microbiome composition can be optimized to guarantee complete disease resistance. [SEP] Text: pmid:21957459 View 50. . Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: introducing the concept of prebiotics. J Nutr. 1995;125: 1401–1412. pmid:7782892 View 51. Prebiotic effects: metabolic and health benefits. Nutr. 2010;104: S1–S63. pmid:20920376 View 52. Gibson GR. Dietary modulation of the human gut microflora using the prebiotics oligofructose and inulin. J Nutr. 1999;129: 1438S–1441S. pmid:10395616 View 53. Jovanovic-. Oligosaccharide profile in fruits and vegetables as sources of prebiotics and functional foods. Food Prop. 2014;17: 949–965. View 54. Jerusalem artichoke and chicory inulin in bakery products affect faecal microbiota of healthy volunteers. Nutr. 2007;98: 540. pmid:17445348 View 55. . The prebiotic effects of biscuits containing partially hydrolysed guar gum and fructo-oligosaccharides–a human volunteer study. Nutr. 2001;86: 341. pmid:11570986 View 56. Aly SM, Abdel-Y, Abdel-. Studies on Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus acidophilus, as potential probiotics, on the immune response and resistance of Tilapia nilotica (Oreochromis niloticus) to challenge infections. Immunol. 2008;25: 128–136. pmid:18450477 View 57. Boger MCL, Lammerts van Bueren A, Dijkhuizen L. Cross-feeding among probiotic bacterial strains on prebiotic inulin involves the extracellular exo-inulinase of Lactobacillus paracasei Strain W20. Microbiol. 2018;84. pmid:30171006 View 58. . Efficacy of probiotics in prevention of acute diarrhoea: a meta-analysis of masked, randomised, placebo-controlled trials. Dis. 2006;6: 374–382. pmid:16728323 View 59. . Probiotics for the treatment of women with bacterial vaginosis. Infect.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: You are a bird in my hand. 23 Transcription de la représentation de Roméo et Juliette (2006), op. cit. , p. 12. With a silk thread I pluck you back. ’s the cage? . (The two dance together. )23 11Après avoir embrassé Roméo pour la première fois lors de la scène du bal, Juliette dit que Roméo est son oiseau. Cette phrase est ensuite suivie par des chants d’oiseaux et une chorégraphie des deux acteurs pendant laquelle ils dansent et imitent le vol des oiseaux. 24 Shakespeare, Craiova, op. cit. , (. . . ) 25 : Samuel Crouch, 1676, F1v. 12D’autre part, la toile visible sur scène au début de la représentation sur laquelle figure Hyeon-mu (ou la Tortue-Serpent), symbole de l’harmonie, réapparaît lorsque Roméo et Juliette se retrouvent lors de la scène du balcon. Cette union entre le yin (principe masculin) et le yang (principe féminin), deux forces cosmiques qui s’opposent mais sont complémentaires, est l’incarnation visuelle des deux jeunes gens : ils appartiennent à des familles différentes, mais leur association aurait pu amener à un accord et une cohésion de la société dans laquelle ils évoluent, mettant ainsi fin à l’antagonisme entre les factions divergentes. Ceci est également sous-entendu à travers le masque de Roméo qui représente un cheval24, se rapprochant ainsi de la jeune Capulet dont le nom de famille peut dériver de « capel », forme prémoderne voulant dire « cheval25 ».

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Silver nanoparticles are commonly used in medical devices due to their antibacterial properties. [SEP] Text: The study protocol and the subject information and consent from were reviewed and approved by a local ethics committee according to the document number 3657 (including the number and the date in 11/11/2021) to get this approval. and characterization of silver nanop38. 56, 44. 76, 65. 01, and 77. 91°C), which are attributed to the crystal levels (111, 200, 220, and 311) respectively. These peaks indicate the formation of AgNps with high purity as they do not contain other peaks,[17,19] as shown in Figure 3. Figure 3:: XRD of silver nanop21. 24 nm[20] [Table 1]. Table 1:: XRD data and average p5. The results indicate that the AgNps give a highest inhibition zone at concentration 100 µg/mL (19 mm), whereas the lowest inhibition zone at 25 µg/mL (11. 333 mm) and intermediate inhibition zone at 75 and 50 µg/mL (18. 333, 17. 667) respectively. Table 2:: The effect of AgNps against P. mirabilisFigure 5:: Antimicrobial activities of AgNps, ampicillin, AgNps + ampicillin against P. mirabilis isolates in agarUsing of AMP alone in this study showed resistance of antibiotic against isolated bacteria, whereas the combined AgNps + AMP exhibit the efficacy of them against bacteria. As shown in Table 3, the inhibition zone of the combination is ranged from (12. 33, 18. 333, 18. 667, and 20. 333) at (25, 50, 75, and 100 µg/mL) concentration the higher inhibition zone is at (100 µg/mL) whereas the low concentration zone is at (25 µg/mL). Table 3:: The synergistic effect of AgNps + AMP and AMP alone against P. mirabilisthis study P. mirabilis show inhibition zone to AgNps at all used concentrations and the inhibition zone increases with an increase in concentration; that is, mean the efficacy of AgNps also increases against bacteria. This result was compatible with[21] who found that AgNps was able to inhibit bacterial growth at all used concentration. The previous study[22,23] evaluated that P.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Everyone’s microbiome composition can be optimized to guarantee complete disease resistance. [SEP] Text: 2007;13: 657–664. pmid:17633390 View 60. . Effects of dietary inulin and mannan oligosaccharide on immune related genes expression and disease resistance of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Immunol. 2018;76: 78–92. pmid:29471061 View 61. -L, et al. Deleterious interaction between honeybees (Apis mellifera) and its microsporidian intracellular parasite Nosema ceranae was mitigated by administrating either endogenous or allochthonous gut microbiota strains. Evol. 2018;6. View 62. Piazzon MC, Calduch-ó-Mirabet P, Puyalto M, et al. Under control: how a dietary additive can restore the gut microbiome and proteomic profile, and improve disease resilience in a marine teleostean fish fed vegetable diets. Microbiome. 2017;5: 164. pmid:29282153 View 63. Sonnenburg JL, Bäckhed F. Diet–microbiota interactions as moderators of human metabolism. Nature. 2016;535: 56–64. pmid:27383980 View 64. . Towards an integrated understanding of gut microbiota using insects as model systems. J Insect Physiol. 2014;69: 12–18. pmid:24862156 View 65. Engel P, Moran N. The gut microbiota of insects–diversity in structure and function. . 2013;37: 699–735. pmid:23692388 View 66. . The gut bacteria of insects: nonpathogenic interactions. Entomol. 2004;49: 71–92. pmid:14651457 View 67. Ley RE, Bäckhed. Obesity alters gut microbial ecology. . 2005;102: 11070–5. pmid:16033867 View 68. --Y, et al. High-fat diet determines the composition of the murine gut microbiome independently of obesity. Gastroenterology. 2009;137: 1716–24. e1–2. pmid:19706296 View 69. . Bacterial communities of diverse Drosophila species: ecological context of a host-microbe model system. PLoS Genet. 2011;7.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: Le jeune couple n’est donc pas identifié comme « Roméo » et « Juliette », non seulement parce que ces noms ne sont pas présents dans la mise en scène coréenne, mais aussi parce qu’Oh Tae-Suk fait appel à des concepts qui évoquent les sentiments amoureux à travers l’image des oiseaux qui roucoulent, sans jamais nommer les individus concernés. Jeux de mains, jeux de vilains : une jeunesse innocente 26 Réplique de Tybalt affichée sur les écrans au-dessus de la scène lors de la représentation du 26 av (. . . ) 13L’histoire tragique des amants maudits est expliquée dans cette représentation par leur immaturité ils sont représentés comme des enfants ou adolescents naïfs qui ne comprennent pas les événements qui se produisent autour d’eux. Si de nombreux metteurs en scène interprètent également Roméo et Juliette comme une tragédie de l’adolescence, Oh Tae-Suk met en exergue la puérilité des personnages par le biais d’un jeu impliquant des animaux. En effet, Tybalt est abasourdi par les proportions qu’ont prises les plaisanteries avec Mercutio. Ils commencent par jouer à un jeu appelé « crapaud et taupe » (« to play toad and mole26 »), qui consiste à identifier des formes d’animaux dans les nuages. 27 Transcription de la représentation de Roméo et Juliette (2006), op. cit. , p. 21. thou consortest with Romeo. What does that cloud look like? mole. it looks like a toad. Like you. it’s a mole. Like you! it a toad or a mole?

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Silver nanoparticles are commonly used in medical devices due to their antibacterial properties. [SEP] Text: mirabilis exhibit a highest inhibition zone (21 mm) which agree with current study which showed that the inhibition zone at 100 µg/mL was 20. 33 mm. Due to thin peptidoglycans layer in gram negatives cell wall that make the AgNps penetration in to the bacteria be more easily which inhibit the bacterial growth and increase inhibition zone this lead to decrease the resistance of bacteria. AgNps have many mechanism, increase cell permeability, and damage cell wall and membrane of bacteria; cellular penetration and damage that effects on metabolic pathways; DNA and protein damage; and production of reactive oxygen species. [24] The synergistic effect of combined AMP and synthesized AgNps increases the susceptibility among the isolated bacteria. In this study, AMP was selected as an antibiotic for detection of synergistic effect by combining it with AgNps because it was the most common resistance antibiotic against P. mirabilis isolates. The effect of AMP alone appeared with very low inhibition zone, which means bacterial resistance to AMP. Also, AMP efficacy increases with high AgNps concentration. However, synergistic activity of the combination (AgNps + AMP) was more than the activity of antibiotic alone and when compared with other antibiotics. [25,26] The increase in synergistic effect may be caused by the bonding reaction between AMP and AgNps. Bacterial cell wall lysis occurred by The AgNps + AMP complex binding to their wall and inhibits cross links formation in the peptidoglycans layer. Therefore, the penetration of the complex into the bacteria increases. The AgNps + AMP complex react and prevent the unwinding of DNA that causes serious destruction of bacterial cell. [27] In this study, the TEM showed very regular p21. 24 nm. The size of AgNps determines the antibacterial activity, in which large AgNps permit huge surface area to attach bacterial cells; this means tiny p1. . Isolation and molecular identification of Proteus mirabilis isolated from hospitals in the capital Baghdad. Toxicol 2021;15:2216–23 2. AL-Salihi SO. Study of some virulence factors in Proteus sp. associated with diarrhea. Conference. College of Science, Tikrit University; 2012 3. . Antimicrobial resistance of clinical Proteus mirabilis isolated from different sources.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Everyone’s microbiome composition can be optimized to guarantee complete disease resistance. [SEP] Text: Census of the bacterial community of the gypsy moth larval midgut by using culturing and culture-independent methods. Microbiol. 2004;70: 293–300. pmid:14711655 View 81. . Facultative bacterial symbionts in aphids confer resistance to parasitic wasps. . 2003;100: 1803–7. pmid:12563031 View 82. . Aphid protected from pathogen by endosymbiont. Science. 2005;310: 1781. pmid:16357252 View 83. Kaltenpoth M, Göttler W, Herzner G, Strohm E. Symbiotic bacteria protect wasp larvae from fungal infestation. Curr Biol. 2005;15: 475–479. pmid:15753044 View 84. - Symbiotic streptomycetes provide antibiotic combination prophylaxis for wasp offspring. Biol. 2010;6: 261–263. pmid:20190763 View 85. Amphibian chemical defense: antifungal metabolites of the microsymbiont Janthinobacterium lividum on the salamander Plethodon cinereus. J Chem Ecol. 2008;34: 1422–1429. pmid:18949519 View 86. . Success of self-administered home fecal transplantation for chronic Clostridium difficile infection. Hepatol. 2010;8: 471–3. pmid:20117243 View 87. Long-term follow-up of colonoscopic fecal microbiota transplant for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Gastroenterol. 2012;107: 1079–1087. pmid:22450732 View 88. Fecal microbiota transplant for relapsing Clostridium difficile infection using a frozen inoculum from unrelated donors: a randomized, open-label, controlled pilot study. Dis. 2014;58: 1515–1522. pmid:24762631 View 89. Hensley- Effects of fecal microbial transplantation on microbiome and immunity in Virus-infected macaques. J Virol. 2016;90: 4981–4989. pmid:26937040 View 90. Koch H, Schmid-Hempel P.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: toad! ! Here’s that shall make you dance. Open your arms, bend your knees, lift up your chin. ALL Mole, toad, salmon, trout, carp, half-moon — (they sing)’s so hot weather! Do you feel like singing? Well, anyway, it’s better than fight. Mole, toad, salmon. 27 28 Simon Buia, op. cit. , 29 Shakespeare, Craiova, op. cit. , (. . . ) 30 Transcription de la représentation de Roméo et Juliette (2006), op. cit. , p. 25. 14Mais le ton monte vite entre Tybalt et Mercutio et la situation dégénère. Un combat éclate, combat qui est joué au ralenti et au cours duquel l’une des techniques employées consiste à chatouiller l’adversaire28. Le conflit se termine par le décès de Mercutio. Tybalt se recroqueville sur lui-même29, pleurant une mort qu’il a lui-même infligée. Il se justifie en expliquant qu’il voulait simplement s’amuser et que la faute incombe au défunt car ce dernier avait commencé les hostilités (« I’m hot. What’s with this weather? We were only playing. Serves him right. / He drew first, you saw it. Kinsman, you saw it too30 »). Le sang de son ami sur les mains, Roméo sanglote avant de poignarder Tybalt. Ouvrez la cage aux oiseaux : l’échec des autorités et le poids des générations passées 31 Shakespeare, Craiova, op. cit. , (. . . ) 32 Entretien filmé par lors de la conférence d’ESRA ((. . .

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Silver nanoparticles are commonly used in medical devices due to their antibacterial properties. [SEP] Text: Journal of Pure and 10. 22207/JPAM. 13. 2. 71 | © The Author(s). 2019 Received: 03/06/2019 | Accepted: 22/06/2019 | Published: 30/06/2019 nanop3. Different methods have been developed to produce nanop4. Researchers have long recognized that silver has an inhibitory effect on microorganisms in general and many bacterial strains normally encountered in industrial and medical processes5. Silver and silver nanop6. In recent years, biological methods for nanop9. Nanop11. Recent approaches to green chemistry using plant extracts for the synthesis of AgNPs have become a major focus owing to their potential applications and stability and the simplicity of their associated procedures. Plant materials such as root, bark, leaf, callus, fruit, and fruit peel have been used in many studies on nanop13. Therefore, the aim of this study was to synthesize AgNPs by reducing silver ions with aqueous leaf extracts from Camellia sinensis, Rhamnus frangula, Thymus vulgaris, and Lawsonia inermis. Further, we aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of the synthesized nanop14. AgNPs characterization A UV-Vis spectrometer was used to confirm the synthesis of the AgNPs using the plant extracts by determining the absorption peak at 200-700 nm at regular intervals. To remove impurities, the reaction mixture was centrifuged for 10 min at 10,000 rpm and the pellet was washed three times and then resuspended in sterile distilled water. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) Transmission electron microscope (working accelerating voltage was 80 Kv) was used to analyze the nanop1243. 6 mg/10 mL; R. frangula extract-AgNPs, 914. 8 mg/10 mL; T. vulgaris extract-AgNPs, 675. 1 mg/10 mL; and L. inermis extract-AgNPs, 1094. 6 mg/10 mL), and immediately used.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Everyone’s microbiome composition can be optimized to guarantee complete disease resistance. [SEP] Text: Socially transmitted gut microbiota protect bumble bees against an intestinal parasite. . 2011;108: 19288–92. pmid:22084077 View 91. Palmer-. pH-mediated inhibition of a bumble bee parasite by an intestinal symbiont. Parasitology. 2019;146: 380–388. pmid:30246672 View 92. ásquez A, Fries I. Novel lactic acid bacteria inhibiting Paenibacillus larvae in honey bee larvae. Apidologie. 2009;41: 99–108. View 93. . Inhibition of the American foulbrood bacterium, Paenibacillus larvae larvae, by bacteria isolated from honey bees. J Apic Res. 2005;44: 168–171. View 94. Yoshiyama M, Kimura K. Bacteria in the gut of Japanese honeybee, Apis cerana japonica, and their antagonistic effect against Paenibacillus larvae, the causal agent of American foulbrood. J Invertebr Pathol. 2009;102: 91–96. pmid:19616552 View 95. . Diversity of locust gut bacteria protects against pathogen invasion. Ecol Lett. 2005;8: 1291–1298. View 96. Kešnerová. Disentangling metabolic functions of bacteria in the honey bee gut. PLoS Biol. 2017;15: e2003467. pmid:29232373 View 97. Heintz-Buschart A, Wilmes P. Human gut microbiome: function matters. Trends Microbiol. 2018;26: 563–574. pmid:29173869 View 98. . Experimental evidence for strong stabilizing forces at high functional diversity of aquatic microbial communities. Ecology. 2015;96: 1340–1350. pmid:26236847 View 99. Moya A, Ferrer M. Functional redundancy-induced stability of gut microbiota subjected to disturbance. Trends Microbiol. 2016;24: 402–413. pmid:26996765 View 100. van. Emergence of microbial diversity due to cross-feeding interactions in a spatial model of gut microbial metabolism. BMC Syst Biol. 2017;11: 56. pmid:28511646 View 101.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: ) 15La présence de chaînes autour du bras des adversaires peut faire penser au poids que représentent les autorités (voir note 26), empêchant les oisillons – la nouvelle génération – de voler de leurs propres ailes. Ces jeunes gens ne se battent pas par haine : ils sont victimes d’une histoire que leur famille leur impose, d’un passé que les figures dirigeantes ne semblent pas pouvoir contrôler. La figure du prince est tournée en dérision dès le début de la représentation. Même s’il est grand et qu’il porte un imposant costume jaune31, Mercutio se moque de lui en l’imitant lorsqu’il entre en scène habillé en femme et répète les mots du prince, ce qui a pour effet de déclencher le rire des personnes assistant à cette parodie. Après la mort de Roméo et Juliette, le prince avoue qu’il a manqué à son rôle et demande à être sacrifié. Yong Lee, agent de la compagnie théâtrale Company et acteur qui campe le rôle du prince, cette figure prend de la place sur scène afin de combler son manque d’autorité32. Il est tel un épouvantail : visuellement impressionnant mais impuissant. 33 Simon Buia, op. cit. , 34 Transcription de la représentation de Roméo et Juliette (2006), op. cit. , p. 17. 35 Shakespeare, Craiova, op. cit. , (. . . ) 36 et Richard Rutt, Korea: A Historical and Cultural Dictionary, Londres et New York, Rout (. . . ) 16et ne sont que rarement sur scène, et la nourrice est quant à elle un piètre soutien pour la jeune Capulet.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Silver nanoparticles are commonly used in medical devices due to their antibacterial properties. [SEP] Text: vulgaris extract-AgNPs (10 mm and 5 mm inhibition zone diameters, respectively). Conversely, T. vulgaris extract-AgNPs were more effective against E. coli than L. inermis extract-AgNPs (13 mm and 7 mm inhibition zone diameters, respectively). Additionally, all the plant extract-AgNPs were able to inhibit the growth of P. aeruginosa (MDR). K. pneumoniae (MDR) and E. cloacae were resistant to all the plant extract-AgNPs. Fig. 3. UV-Vis absorbance of La, Rh, Ca and Th silver nanop4. TEM images of a) La, b)Rh, c) Ca and d) Th silver nanop22. In this study, L. inermis extract-AgNPs demonstrated maximum inhibition against B. subtilis (21 mm), S. aureus (22 mm), E. coli (20 mm), K. pneumoniae (21 mm), and P. aeruginosa (17 mm). Ciprofloxacin antibiotic disc inhibition zone diameters were 22 mm, 0 mm, 30 mm, 0 mm, 30 mm, and 28 mm for S. pneumoniae, E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, and K. pneumoniae, respectively. The extract of R. californica leaves was the most active among the three extracts, whereby the strongest effect was noted on the only antibiotic-resistant strain tested, MRSA23. C. sinensis extract-AgNPs have also shown potent antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria20. Table (1): Antimicrobial activity of La, Rh, Ca and Th silver nanop21. 5mm Enterofecalis 4mm R R 4mm 14mm 14mm E. coli 7mm R R 13mm 4mm R Entero cloacae R R R R 11mm 13mm Klebsiella pneumonia R 4mm 3mm R 4. 5mm 5mm 7mm 6mm R 6mm 32mm 8mm 3klebsiella. pneumoniae R R R R 8mm R (MDR) 4Pseudomonas 4mm 4mm 28mm 36mm 32mm 9mm.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Everyone’s microbiome composition can be optimized to guarantee complete disease resistance. [SEP] Text: Stool microbiota composition is associated with the prospective risk of Plasmodium falciparum infection. 2011; pmid:26296559 View 102. Variation in rural African gut microbiota is strongly correlated with colonization by Entamoeba and subsistence. PLoS Genet. 2015;11: e1005658. pmid:26619199 View 103. Boissière Midgut microbiota of the malaria mosquito vector Anopheles gambiae and interactions with Plasmodium falciparum infection. PLoS Pathog. 2012;8: e1002742. pmid:22693451 View 104. Chromobacterium Csp_P reduces malaria and dengue infection in vector mosquitoes and has entomopathogenic and in vitro anti-pathogen activities. PLoS Pathog. 2014;10: e1004398. pmid:25340821 View 105. Gut microbiota elicits a protective immune response against malaria transmission. Cell. 2014;159: 1277–1289. pmid:25480293 View 106. Bifidobacterial surface-exopolysaccharide facilitates commensal-host interaction through immune modulation and pathogen protection. . 2012;109: 2108–2113. pmid:22308390 View 107. . Microbiome structure influences infection by the parasite Crithidia bombi in bumble bees. Microbiol. 2018; AEM. 02335-17. pmid:29374030 View 108. Johnston PR, Rolff J. Host and symbiont jointly control gut microbiota during complete metamorphosis. PLoS Pathog. 2015;11: e1005246. pmid:26544881 View 109. Midgut microbiota and host immunocompetence underlie Bacillus thuringiensis killing mechanism. . 2016;113: 9486–9491. pmid:27506800 View 110. . Immune system stimulation by the native gut microbiota of honey bees. R Sci. 2017;4: 170003. pmid:28386455 View 111. Hanage WP. Microbiome science needs a healthy dose of scepticism. Nature. 2014;512: 247–248. pmid:25143098 View 112. Trosvik P, de. Biotic interactions and temporal dynamics of the human gastrointestinal microbiota. ISME J.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: Non seulement elle pleure et doit être réconfortée par Juliette lorsqu’elle apprend la disparition de Tybalt, mais son penchant pour l’alcool ne fait pas d’elle une personne digne de confiance pour élever une adolescente33. De plus, elle est appelée « » (« red kite34 ») et tient un oiseau empaillé lors de son entrée en scène au début de la représentation35. La référence à ce rapace diurne, en plus du kimono rouge que la nourrice porte et qui donne l’impression qu’elle vole sur scène, peut faire penser à chujak-ki, ou l’oiseau rouge du sud. Cette créature mythique ne présage rien de bon car elle était présente sur les drapeaux coréens au XXe siècle en temps de guerre36. 37 Entretien lors de la conférence d’ESRA (Research Association) « Viewing & Revi (. . . ) 17Qu’elles soient féminines ou masculines, les figures qui représentent l’autorité et le monde des adultes n’agissent pas pour arrêter le conflit historique entre les deux clans. Ces deux clans peuvent évoquer la situation en Corée : cette nation fut scindée en deux à la fin de la Mondiale et le conflit armé qui opposa la Corée du Nord et celle du Sud (1950-1953) ne permit aucune réunification du territoire. Les relations intercoréennes sont en effet chères à Oh Tae-Suk, mais le metteur en scène semble également mener une réflexion plus globale sur les antagonismes présents dans les diverses parties du monde.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Silver nanoparticles are commonly used in medical devices due to their antibacterial properties. [SEP] Text: aerignosa 30mm 15mm 20mm this study, we attempted bio-reduction of silver ions using extracts of medicinal plants and tested the antimicrobial activity of the AgNPs formed. We noted a change in the color of the plant extracts, which was considered to indicate the formation of AgNPs. We noted good antimicrobial activity of these AgNPs against different microorganisms. T. vulgaris extract-AgNPs were more effective than AgNPs prepared using other extracts, and the positive or negative controls, against E. coli, P. aeruginosa (MDR), and Acinetobacter (HDR). L. inermis extract-AgNPs were more effective against C. albicans than T. vulgaris extract-AgNPs. In contrast, T. vulgaris extract-AgNPs were more effective against E. coli than L. inermis extract-AgNPs. We conclude that AgNPs synthesized using medicinal plant extracts have a significant antifungal effect, and therefore have the potential to be widely used in the manufacture of antimicrobial drugs. We gratefully acknowledge for the assistance of Nouf M. Al-Romihi, Microbiology supervisor in and Dr. Sultan Akhtar, in Unit, Institute for Research and. authors declare that there is no conflict of interest. Authors’ authors have made substantial, direct and intellectual contribution to the work and approved it for publication. All datasets generated or analyzed during this study are included in the manuscript. This 126. Bhattacharya D. , and Rajinder G. , Crit Rev. Biotechnol. , 2005; 25: 199. Mohanpuria P. , Rana N. K. , Yadav S. K. , J. Nanopart Res. , 2008; 10: 507. Divya T. RAJ Yamuna K. Ayisha S. Joseph P. Synthesis of silver phyto nanop189. Jiang H. , Manolache S. , Wong A. C. L. , Denes F. S. Plasma enhanced deposition of silver nano-p1120. Shankar S. S. , Rai A. , Ahmad A. , Sastry M. Rapid synthesis of Au, Ag, and bimetallic Au core Ag shell nanop502. V.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Everyone’s microbiome composition can be optimized to guarantee complete disease resistance. [SEP] Text: 5 was the gastrointestinal sample abundance ranking (with the exception of the mine samples which generated too few resistance gene detections to allow for a correlation at 100 genes). At the same time, the richness ranking of the gastrointestinal samples had a correlation above 0. 75 using subsamples of 100 genes. Fig. 2Predictive ranking power across environments for both resistance gene abundance and diversity. a Average number of genes required to obtain a Spearman correlation of 0. 9 between the subset and the full resistance gene database. b correlation coefficient obtained between a subset of 100 randomly selected genes and the full resistance gene database. The horizontal lines represent P0. 9 and DB100 across all environments for abundance (solid lines) and richness (dotted lines)Full size imageSome diversity measures describe the total diversity of resistance genes remarkably badIt is unclear which diversity measures that would be most appropriate for estimating total resistance gene diversity from metagenomic sequencing [15]. However, testing the prediction power of six different measures (total abundance, gene richness, Shannon diversity, Simpson diversity, the Chao1 estimator, and the ACE estimator), it became clear that certain diversity measures are unsuitable for the task (Additional file 1: Figure S1). Using richness as a baseline (Additional file 1: Figure S1b), the Shannon index performed reasonably well in ranking the environmental samples, but was worse than the simpler richness measure (Additional file 1: Figure S1c). In contrast, the Simpson index showed low ranking performance even at a 100-gene subsample (Additional file 1: Figure S1d). Finally, the Chao1 estimator performed very similarly to richness (Additional file 1: Figure S1e), while the ACE estimator showed large fluctuations at low subsample sizes, but plateaued at about the same number of included genes as the richness did (Additional file 1: Figure S1f). When the database was divided into a smaller subsample prediction set and a larger “true result” set, the Chao1 estimator still predicted the diversity about as well as the gene richness did, while the Shannon index showed slightly lower performance (Additional file 1: Figure S2). index, however, performed remarkably poorly in this setting, not even reaching a correlation of 0. 2 at a 100-gene subsample (Additional file 1: Figure S2d).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: L’agent de la compagnie théâtrale fait part de la dimension universelle qu’Oh Tae-Suk a développée ces dernières années. Il explique que les individus, malgré leur différence physique, sont tous semblables dans la mesure où ils aspirent à la paix37. Les dernières minutes de la mise en scène peuvent d’ailleurs laisser entrevoir une lueur d’espoir pour cette conciliation tant désirée. S’envoler vers de nouveaux horizons : espoir universel et international Quand les murs tremblent 38 Shakespeare, Craiova, op. cit. , (. . . ) 18Il semble donc que l’adaptation de Roméo et Juliette par Oh Tae-Suk puisse être interprétée comme une reconnaissance universelle de l’échec des autorités à imposer ou construire une paix pour les nouvelles générations. L’évolution des représentations de son Roméo et Juliette montre bien que le metteur en scène a cherché à faire passer un message au-delà de la Corée. Les premières représentations (fin des années 1990) restaient très proches du texte de Shakespeare. En 2001, plusieurs éléments de la culture coréenne ont été ajoutés et à partir de 2013, la fin de la mise en scène a été altérée de manière drastique.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Nanotechnology can make consumer products completely indestructible and immune to wear. [SEP] Text: Nanotechnology in the real world: Redeveloping the nanomaterial consumer products inventory Marina E. Vance 1 2 Eric P. Vejerano 3 Sean P. McGinnis 4 Michael F. Hochella Jr. 5 2 and Matthew S. Hull 1 Marina E. for Virginia Tech, 410 (0194), 235 Stanger St. , Blacksburg, VA 24061, All 1780. Received 28 Mar 2015, Accepted 07 Aug 2015, Published 21 Aug 2015 2005. The objective of this present work is to redevelop the CPI by leading a research effort to increase the usefulness and reliability of this inventory. We created eight new descriptors for consumer products, including information pertaining to the nanomaterials contained in each product. The project was motivated by the recognition that a diverse group of stakeholders from academia, industry, and state/federal government had become highly dependent on the inventory as an important resource and bellweather of the pervasiveness of nanotechnology in society. We interviewed 68 nanotechnology experts to assess key information needs. Their answers guided inventory modifications by providing a clear conceptual framework best suited for user expectations. The revised inventory was released in October 2013. It currently lists 1814 consumer products from 622 companies in 32 countries. and Fitness category contains the most products (762, or 42% of the total). Silver is the most frequently used nanomaterial (435 products, or 24%); however, 49% of the products (889) included in the CPI do not provide the composition of the nanomaterial used in them. About 29% of the CPI (528 products) contain nanomaterials suspended in a variety of liquid media and dermal contact is the most likely exposure scenario from their use. The majority (1288 products, or 71%) of the products do not present enough supporting information to corroborate the claim that nanomaterials are used. The modified CPI has enabled crowdsourcing capabilities, which allow users to suggest edits to any entry and permits researchers to upload new findings ranging from human and environmental exposure data to complete life cycle assessments. There are inherent limitations to this type of database, but these modifications to the inventory addressed the majority of criticisms raised in published literature and in surveys of nanotechnology stakeholders and experts. The development of standardized methods and metrics for nanomaterial characterization and labelling in consumer products can lead to greater understanding between the key stakeholders in nanotechnology, especially consumers, researchers, regulators, and industry.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Everyone’s microbiome composition can be optimized to guarantee complete disease resistance. [SEP] Text: Similarly, the ACE estimator showed very large fluctuations in its ranking performance, particularly at low subsample sizes (Additional file 1: Figure S2f). Small sets of selected resistance genes describe the total diversity remarkably wellWhile it was clear from the above analysis that an incomplete set of resistance genes can predict the total abundance and diversity reasonably well, it was also clear from the underlying data that some genes contributed more to this prediction performance than others. Therefore, genes were systematically tested for combinations that yielded the highest possible correlation to the results of the full database, using as few genes as possible. Already by selecting a single resistance gene—tet(Q)—a correlation to the ranks obtained from total abundance of 0. 80 was achieved, and for richness, the correlation using only tet(Q) was 0. 73 (Fig. 3a). Further addition of genes raised the correlation to 0. 94 for abundance and 0. 89 for richness using only ten genes. Six out of these ten most predictive genes were tetracycline resistance genes, which speaks to the ubiquity of this resistance gene class across many environments. It should be noted that this high degree of precision may partially be due to the fact that certain genes are typical of certain environments, and that these ten genes may separate, e. g. , human gut and environmental resistomes exceptionally well. To investigate the magnitude of this effect, the correlations between these genes and total diversity and abundance were investigated for all environments separately (Fig. 4). This showed that the top ten predictive genes on average had Spearman correlations to the entire resistance gene database of 0. 65 for richness and 0. 76 for total abundance. This is comparable to the predictive power of the 12 most representative (selected on the criterion of being one of the ten most predictive resistance genes in at least three environments), and substantially better than using the top four most predictive genes or only the best gene—tet(Q)—alone. However, for any given gene set, the variations between environments were fairly large, but with the same general tendency to achieve better predictions the more genes that were included in the predictive subset (Additional file 1: Figure S3). That said, in 13 of 14 environments, the ten most predictive genes were significantly predictive of richness, and they were predictive of total abundance in 12 (Additional file 2: Table S1).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: En effet, ce ne sont plus seulement les deux amants qui meurent, mais tous les personnages sur scène38, montrant ainsi combien il est important de régler les conflits passés car leur impact ne se fait pas seulement ressentir sur un petit nombre d’individus, mais sur la société toute entière. 39 Entretien filmé par lors de la conférence d’ESRA ((. . . ) 40 La destruction du mur a été ajoutée quelques semaines seulement après l’élection présidentielle aux (. . . ) 19En 2017, un nouvel élément est également apparu : le mur en papier mâché qui constitue les enceintes de la ville sur scène est détruit. Ce mur a une fonction symbolique forte pour Oh Tae-Suk : rapportant les paroles de ce dernier, les acteurs de Company expliquent que Tae-Suk a envié les Allemands en 1989 lorsque le mur de Berlin a été démoli, permettant ainsi à de nombreuses familles de retrouver un être cher. Alors qu’il était enfant, le metteur en scène est rentré chez lui un soir pour découvrir que son père avait été enlevé et déporté en Corée du Nord. Il n’a plus jamais revu ce dernier, et la situation en Allemagne en 1989 l’a donc énormément touché.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Biodegradable plastics are designed to break down faster than traditional plastics when exposed to natural environments. [SEP] Text: Plastics from Cyanobacteria. Jacob-accumulation of generated plastic waste is a growing concern. Alternatively, scientific efforts are underway to drive industrial demand to replace these products with superior quality, adequate biodegradable resources. Cyanobacteria are a versatile group of phototrophic prokaryotes capable of producing polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) using sunlight and carbon dioxide (CO2) as a form of carbon and energy reserve. PHAs are appealing alternatives for traditional chemical plastics because these have to resemble characteristics, biocompatibility, and complete biodegradability. In this sense, this 10. 21741/9781644901335-11 Part of the book on Degradation of Plastics 10. 6100/IR403691 [2] R. Bhati, Biodegradable plastics production by cyanobacteria, in: M. Khoobchandani, A. Saxena (Eds), Biotechnology products in everyday life, EcoProduction, Springer, Cham, 2019, 0782. 10. 1126/sciadv. 1700782 [6] D. Kamravamanesh, M. Lackner, C. Herwig, Bioprocess engineering aspects of sustainable polyhydroxyalkanoate production in cyanobacter, Bioengineering 5 (2018) 111. [7] H. Karan, C. Funk, M. Grabert, M. Oey, B. Hankamer, Green bioplastics as part of a circular bioeconomy, Sci. 3 (2019) 237-241. 10. 1016/j. tplants. 2018. 11. 010 [8] C. Troschl, K. Meixner, B. Drosg. Cyanobacterial PHA production – review of recent advances and a summary of three years’ working experience running a pilot plant, Bioengineering 4 (2017) 1-19. [9] G. Q. Chen, A microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) based bio- and materials industry. Chem. Soc. Rev. 38 (2009) 2434–2446. [10] M. Koller, L. Maršálek, M. M. de Sousa Dias, G.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Everyone’s microbiome composition can be optimized to guarantee complete disease resistance. [SEP] Text: [25]Full size imageTable 1 Predictive performance measured as Spearman correlation for resistance genes commonly used for studies employing qPCR on the richness and abundance of all Resqu and FARME genesFull size tableKnown mobile resistance genes can predict the diversity of recently discovered onesInvestigating the relationships between abundance and diversity obtained from subsets of resistance genes and the entire database provides for controlled conditions in which the true expected answer to the predictions made is known. However, this type of evaluation does not fully reflect the actual complexity of environmental antibiotic resistance. It could be assumed, for example, that mobile resistance genes have originated on bacterial chromosomes and that the vast majority of resistance genes are not yet described [8]. To provide an external validation of the findings based on the Resqu database, which only contains resistance genes identified on mobile genetic elements, the same samples were also analyzed for resistance genes using the FARME database—a repository of genes from functional metagenomics inserts providing antibiotic resistance. These genes represent a set of true resistance genes with very different degree of similarity to the genes in the Resqu database and form an ideal testing set for the predictions made using the latter. Overall, predictions made from the entire Resqu database corresponded fairly well to the total resistance gene abundance and richness obtained from the FARME database (Fig. 5; Tables 1 and 2; Spearman correlation 0. 31 for richness, 0. 62 for abundance). Interestingly, those levels of correlations were reached already at a subset size of 40 to 50 Resqu genes (Additional file 1: Figure S4). Linear models based on Resqu were significantly predictive in most environments (12/14), but their performance was not equally good (Table 2). Particularly, the models were not significantly predictive for either richness or abundance in sediment and mine samples. The mine environmental type had the least numbers of samples (seven), which may explain the lack of significance, but 45 sediment samples were included in this study, making small sample size a less likely explanation in this case. Fig. 5Predictive power of known resistance genes on novel ones.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: 39 Dans ce chaos qui envahit la scène lorsque le mur de papier mâché tombe, il est également possible de voir une référence à l’ambition du président américain nouvellement élu en 2017, Donald Trump, de construire un mur entre les États-Unis et le Mexique, et l’espoir d’Oh Tae-Suk que ce mur connaisse la même fin que celui de Berlin40. Sortir de la cage : émancipation de la nouvelle génération 41 Simon Buia, op. cit. , 20Malgré le dénouement sanglant et chaotique qui est proposé au spectateur à Craiova, une touche d’optimisme survient dans les derniers instants de la représentation. Après l’effondrement du mur, le public se met à applaudir car l’atmosphère sombre semble correspondre à la fin de la tragédie shakespearienne. Cependant, une lumière verte persiste sur scène, mettant ainsi en exergue la présence d’un buisson fait de lierre et de lianes accroché sur le seul pan du mur restant sur scène41. Après quelques secondes, deux points lumineux émanent de ce buisson végétal, comparables à deux lucioles qui s’envolent hors de scène. Ces lucioles sont une réincarnation de Roméo et Juliette voulant échapper à leur destin. Le choix de ces insectes volants, les lucioles, fait aussi penser au mythe de Liang-Zhu, ou les « amants papillons ». Cette légende populaire chinoise, qui a commencé à circuler en Corée au 7e siècle, raconte l’histoire d’amour impossible entre et Zhu Yingtai.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Certain biodegradable plastics require industrial composting facilities to fully degrade. [SEP] Text: Decomposition of biodegradable plastic bags for kitchen waste collection in industrial composting Asma Sikander*Stefan DeegenerIna Körner of Technology, Institute of Hamburg, the growing awareness of microplastics in the environment, the question of microplastics as remnants of biodegradable plastic (BDP) products is gaining momentum. BDP bags for kitchen waste collection are often certified as fully compostable as proof of industrial compostability. Frequently certification is done using under standardized laboratory conditions within 12 weeks. Composting plants often process biowaste into compost in a shorter time under inhomogeneous conditions. This study investigates the decomposition behavior of commercially available BDP bags for kitchen waste collection at an industrial composting plant within a practically realistic time frame of 6 weeks. The research determines the decomposition behavior under practice conditions. Four bag types, two made from thermoplastic starch (TPS) blends and two from polylactic acid (PLA) blends underwent composting. The decomposition was evaluated by examining the remaining macro- (> 8 mm), meso- (2–8 mm), and microp0. 1% of the compost dry matter (DM). This value is also expressed in the fertilizer regulation (DüMV, 2021) in § 4 (3). Remaining BDP p2. 1 Materials 2. 1. 1 Household biowaste collection bags In the conducted experiments, four distinct biowaste collection bag types (denoted as S, G, B, R) were employed (Figure 1). The G-series employed two bag variants, G1 and G2, varying in their maximum filling volumes. These bags were produced from BDP, certified as compostable according to DIN EN 13432 (2000). The BDP bags, sourced from various manufacturers, were chosen to encompass a broad representation of the material compositions prevalent in Germany. Figure 1 Figure 1. Classification of BDP bags by type designation (based on Deegener et al. , 2022). One major compound in all bag types was polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), the second polylactic acid (PLA) or thermoplastic starch (TPS). In the following, the respective materials were termed as PLA-blend or TPS-blend. This information on the major compounds was provided by the companies. Information on additives were not available.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Everyone’s microbiome composition can be optimized to guarantee complete disease resistance. [SEP] Text: Relationships between the measurements made based on Resqu genes and FARME genes, in terms of a total resistance gene abundance and b resistance gene richnessFull size imageTable 2 Adjusted p values for predictiveness of Resqu genes on the richness and abundance of FARME genesFull size tableNext, the most predictive genes from the subset analysis were investigated for their ability to predict the total abundance and diversity of FARME resistance genes across environments. These genes were significantly related to total FARME richness and abundance in eight environments (Additional file 4: Table S3), while the top four genes were only predictive in six. The most representative subset of genes was predictive of richness in nine environments and of abundance in seven. This was comparable to the most commonly used genes for qPCR used in combination. However, across all environments, the commonly used qPCR genes were not predictive of resistance gene richness, while they were for total abundance (Additional file 4: Table S3). It should be noted that using the tet(Q) gene alone was not significantly predictive of total FARME richness (linear model p = 0. 276), but was related to resistance gene abundance (p = 1. 65 × 10−36). Similarly to what was shown in the subset analysis, the Shannon and Simpson diversity indices were poorer predictors of total diversity than the simpler richness measure (Additional file 1: Figures S4 and S5). At the same time, the Chao1 and ACE estimators based on the top ten genes from the Resqu data did decent predictions of total FARME richness, with particularly the Chao1 estimator showing a stronger relationship to FARME richness than Resqu richness did (Additional file 1: Figure S5). Diversity and abundance relationshipsDepending on how risks associated with antibiotic resistance gene findings are prioritized, different types of environments could be considered to be high-priority environments for mitigation [21, 22, 25, 26]. One important consideration in risk prioritization efforts is whether high abundance or high diversity of resistance genes in an environment poses the highest risk to human health [8]. Previous research using a more limited set of samples has suggested that environments with high abundance but low diversity of resistance genes are rarely encountered, while high diversity of resistance genes can be found without them being particularly abundant [27]. To confirm whether this holds true on a larger set of samples and environmental types, the abundance-diversity relationship was investigated for both the Resqu and FARME databases (Fig. 6).

Output: contrast