Input: Claim: A single probiotic supplement can cure depression by balancing gut bacteria. [SEP] Text: Microbiome manipulation through addition of pre- and/or probiotic feeds, without pharmaceutical zinc oxide, particularly in healthy, post-weaning pigs is established, with emphasis on beneficial lactic acid fermenting taxa, notably Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus [8]. However, these approaches require further investigation in pre-weaning piglets with below expected performance and economic return. Commercially available, prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) comprising two to eight polymerised galactose units with terminal glucose moieties are functionally similar to those of mammalian milk and modulate gut architecture and intestinal microbiota in healthy pigs [9]. GOS is a major component of mammalian milk [10, 11] which stimulates the development of the microbiota in neonates whilst conferring a variety of health benefits including innate and adaptive immune development [12, 13]. Naturally occurring milk GOS are typically composed of three to ten monosaccharide units, including galactose (Gal), glucose (Glc) and N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) with some fucose and sialic acids. The core moiety present at the reducing end of milk oligosaccharides is either lactose (Gal(β1–4)Glc) or N-acetyl-lactosamine (Gal(β1–4)GlcNAc). Most animal milk oligosaccharides are sialylated (sialic acid at glycoprotein terminal ends), containing N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and/or N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) [14, 15]. Porcine milk oligosaccharides (PMOs) contain the highest percentage of neutral oligosaccharides (20%) in comparison with other domestic farm animals, the most abundant variety of mono and di-sialylated large oligosaccharides and are most similar to human milk oligosaccharide composition [11].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Ginseng is known for its potential adaptogenic effects. [SEP] Text: J 2012;118:391-400. Korean red ginseng extract ameliorates skin lesions in NC/Nga mice: an atopic dermatitis model. J Ethnopharmacol 2011;133:810-817. . Inhibitory effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in mice. J 2010;34: 363-368. . Efficacy of Korean red ginseng in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. J 2011;35: 149-154. Gonzalez-. Plant antimicrobial agents and their effects on plant and human pathogens. 2009;10:3400-3419. . Ginseng treatment enhances bacterial clearance and decreases lung pathology in athymic rats with chronic P. aeruginosa pneumonia. APMIS 1997;105:438-444. . Ginseng treatment reduces bacterial load and lung pathology in chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in rats. Chemother 1997;41:961-964. Pizarro-Cerda J, Cossart P. Bacterial adhesion and entry into host cells. Cell 2006;124:715-727. . Inhibition of pathogen adhesion to host cells by polysaccharides from Panax ginseng. Biochem 2009;73:209-212. . Pectin-like acidic polysaccharide from Panax ginseng with selective antiadhesive activity against pathogenic bacteria. 2006;341:1154-1163. . Antimicrobial polyacetylenes from Panax ginseng hairy root culture. Bull (Tokyo) 2012;60:377-380. . Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori adhesion to human gastric adenocarcinoma epithelial cells by acidic polysaccharides from Artemisia capillaris and Panax ginseng. 2004;70:615-619. . Rescue of Helicobacter pylori-induced cytotoxicity by red ginseng. Sci 2005;50:1218-1227. øiby N. Effects of Chinese medicinal herbs on a rat model of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. APMIS 1996;104:350-354. .

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Materials for Devi and Growing global demand for efficient and sustainable energy storage systems can be met through the development of electrochemical capacitors or supercapacitors owing to their high power performance, long cycle life and environmental benignity. Graphene and its derivatives have been widely used as electrode materials for supercapacitors because of their high specific surface area, low density, high electrical conductivity, thermal and mechanical stability. However, their re-aggregation reduces specific surface area and inhibits their electrochemical performance. Introducing defects in graphene has gained importance to address this issue, which can change its density of states, crystal symmetry and porosity enhancing electrode-electrolyte interfacial interaction. The present 10. 21741/9781644900550-8 Part of the book on Graphene as Material for Supercapacitors 15. [2] K. Kaygusu, Energy for sustainable development: A case of developing countries, Renew. Sust. Energy Rev. 16 (2012) 1116-1126. [3] Y. Zhu, S. . Cai, P. J. Ferreira, A. . Thommes, D. -based supercapacitors produced by activation of graphene, Science 332 (2011) 1537-1541. [4] H. Wang, J. Deng, Y. Chen, F. Xu, Z. Wei, Y. Wang, Hydrothermal synthesis of manganese oxide encapsulated multiporous carbon nanofibers for supercapacitors, Nano Res. 9 (2016) 2672-2680. [5] B. Saravanakumar, K. K. Purushothaman, G. Muralidharan, Fabrication of two-dimensional reduced graphene oxide supported V2O5 networks and their application in supercapacitors, Mater. Chem. Phys. 170 (2016) 266-275. [6] D. Sun, L. Jin, Y. ‐assisted in situ synthesis of graphene/PEDOT hybrid and its application in supercapacitors, ChemPlusChem 78 (2013) 227-234. [7] S. K. Simotwo, C. DelRe, V.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: A single probiotic supplement can cure depression by balancing gut bacteria. [SEP] Text: GOS significantly increased linear discriminant features attributable to lactic acid producing bacteria, notably Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium throughout the GIT demonstrating benefits as a supplement to milk replacer in poorly performing piglets. GOS significantly improved GIT architectural features and VCR throughout the upper GIT as well as increasing the number of barrier enhancing and immunomodulatory GCs possibly through direct modulation by GOS or indirectly by the lactogenic effect of lactic acid producing bacteria. In conclusion, GOS significantly increases differential abundance of beneficial probiotic bacteria, particularly Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, improves gut architecture and goblet cell expression in poorly performing piglets. In these respects, GOS supplemented milk replacer may be a useful addition to animal husbandry in poorly performing, non-thriving animals when moved to environmentally controlled pens away from sows and thriving siblings, thereby modulating the microbiome and GIT performance. : Analysis of variance AMOVA: Analysis of molecular variance ADG: Average daily gain CMR: Complete milk replacer DFI: Daily feed intake DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid GAPs: Goblet cell associated antigen passages GCs: Goblet cells GIT: Gastrointestinal tract GOS: Galacto-oligosaccharides HE: Haematoxylin and eosin LEfSe: Linear discriminant analysis effect size OTU: Operational taxonomic unit PAS: Periodic acid-Schiff PCR: Polymerase chain reaction PMOs: Porcine milk oligosaccharides SCFA: short-chain fatty acids 16s rRNA: 16s (Svedberg) ribosomal ribonucleic acid VCR: Villus crypt ratioDeclarationsEthics approval: All animal procedures were approved by the. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Availability of data and material: Sequence data were deposited in the NCBI database within the 866473 with SRA records available at: Competing interests: Mansbridge was a paid consultant to UK (formerly Dairy Crest) at the time of this work. Funding: This work was supported by UK (formerly Dairy Crest), 5 13 0NY. Authors’ contributions: SM conducted the animal research trials. Post-mortem sample processing and storage were undertaken by AL and LL.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Ginseng is known for its potential adaptogenic effects. [SEP] Text: Panax ginseng has anti-infective activity against opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa by inhibiting quorum sensing, a bacterial communication process critical for establishing infection. Phytomedicine 2010;17:1040-1046. . Efficacy and safety of the standardised ginseng extract G115 for potentiating vaccination against the influenza syndrome and protection against the common cold. 1996;22:65-72. . Dual functions of ginsenosides in protecting human endothelial cells against influenza H9N2-induced inflammation and apoptosis. J Ethnopharmacol 2011;137:1542-1546. . Human infection with infl uenza H9N2. Lancet 1999;354:916-917. . Effect of oral administration of Korean red ginseng on influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. J 2011;35:104-110. . Ginseng and Salviae herbs play a role as immune activators and modulate immune responses during influenza virus infection. Vaccine 2007;25:272-282. . Emerging concepts in the immunopathogenesis of AIDS. Med 2009;60:471-484. Weiss RA. How does HIV cause AIDS? Science 1993;260:1273-1279. . Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. . N Med 1998;338:853-860. . Beneficial effects of a combination of Korean red ginseng and highly active antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients. Immunol 2009;16:1127-1131. Geffi n. Functional and structural defects in HIV type 1 nef genes derived from pediatric long-term survivors. 2000;16:1855-1868. . Frequent gross deletion in the HIV type 1 nef gene in hemophiliacs treated with Korean red ginseng: inhibition of detection by highly active antiretroviral therapy. 2009;25:419-424. . High frequency of grossly deleted nef genes in HIV-1 infected long-term slow progressors treated with Korean red ginseng. Curr HIV Res 2006;4:447-457. . Dosage and duration effects of Korean red ginseng intake on frequency of gross deletions in the nef gene.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Kalra, Supercapacitor electrodes based on high-purity electrospun polyaniline and polyaniline-carbon nanotube nanofibers, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8 (2016) 21261-21269. [8] S. Pei, H. -M. Cheng, The reduction of graphene oxide, Carbon 50 (2012) 3210-3228. [9] L. L. Zhang, R. Zhou, X. S. Zhao, Graphene-based materials as supercapacitor electrodes, J. Mater. Chem. 20 (2010) 5983-5992. [10] Z. Yu, L. Tetard, L. Zhai, J. Thomas, Supercapacitor electrode materials: nanostructures from 0 to 3 dimensions, Energy Environ. Sci. 8 (2015) 702-730. [11] M. Vangari, T. Pryor, L. Jiang, Supercapacitors: review of materials and fabrication methods, J. Energy Eng. 139 (2012) 72-79. [12] J. Yan, Q. Wang, T. Wei, Z. Fan, Recent advances in design and fabrication of electrochemical supercapacitors with high energy densities, Adv. Energy Mater. 4 (2014) 1300816. [13] L. Dong, C. Xu, Y. Li, Z. -H. Huang, F. Kang, Q. -H. Yang, X. Zhao, Flexible electrodes and supercapacitors for wearable energy storage: a review by category, J. Mater. Chem. A 4 (2016) 4659-4685. [14] Y. Zhang, H. Feng, X. Wu, L. Wang, A. Zhang, T. Xia, H. Dong, X. Li, L. Zhang, Progress of electrochemical capacitor electrode materials: A review, Int. J. 34 (2009) 4889-4899. [15] X. Li, B. Wei, Supercapacitors based on nanostructured carbon, 2 (2013) 159-173. [16] A. K. Shukla, A. Banerjee, M. K.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: A single probiotic supplement can cure depression by balancing gut bacteria. [SEP] Text: -19 PreprintsProtocolsVideosJournalsTools & a 10. 21203/rs. 3. rs-2697471/v1This work is licensed under a CC BY 4. 0 LicenseStatus:PostedVersion 1posted You are reading this latest preprint versionAbstractProbiotics are live microorganisms or cultures that can benefit host health, maintain and enhance the production and growth of animals, and prevent and control enteric pathogens when given in sufficient doses. They are also one of the alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in poultry. The current study was to isolate, characterized and evaluate lactic acid bacteria from chicken gut towards use as potential probiotics. Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from broilers and free range chickens, characterized and evaluated for their probiotic properties including antimicrobial activity against pathogens (14028, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Listeria monocytogenes (clinical isolate) and Enterococus faecalis (clinical isolate), survivability in different acidic environment, tolerance to bile salts, adhesion to chicken intestinal cell, temperature and sodium chloride tolerance. Potential lactic acid bacteria isolated from chickens with outstanding probiotic ability were identified by MALD-TOF mass spectrometer as Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016T (B3I13), Pediococcus pentosaccus DSM 20206(B12CA), Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016T(B6I3), Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016T(F6I8), Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016T (B7I05) and Pediococcus pentosaccus DSM 20206(B1I8). The selected strains inhibited all the five pathogens tested with inhibition zone ranging between 11 ± 1 to 20. 33 ± 3. 055mm, survived in acidic pH and 0. 3% bile salt with survival rates of 94. 00 to 100. 00% and above (100. 00%), respectively. The selected lactic acid bacteria were found to have probiotic properties that can be useful in chickens as a supplement for enteric pathogen control and performance improvement. Antimicrobial activityPoultryProbioticsLactic acid bacteria1. IntroductionThe livestock sector is an extremely dynamic and growing system responding to the growing demand for animal products (e.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Ginseng is known for its potential adaptogenic effects. [SEP] Text: J 2010;34:219-226. . High frequency of gross deletions in 5' LTR/gag and nef genes in patients infected with CRF02_AG of HIV type 1 who survived for over 20 years: an association with Korean red ginseng. 2009;25:535-541. . Frequent genetic defects in the HIV-1 5'LTR/gag gene in hemophiliacs treated with Korean red ginseng: decreased detection of genetic defects by highly active antiretroviral therapy. J 2011;35:413-420. . High frequency of gross deletions in the 5' LTR and gag regions in HIV type 1-infected longterm survivors treated with Korean red ginseng. 2008;24:181-193. . Antiviral effect of Korean red ginseng extract and ginsenosides on murine norovirus and feline calicivirus as surrogates for human norovirus. J 2011;35:429-435. . Inhibitory effect of ginseng polysaccharides on rotavirus infection. J 2004;14:202-204. O'. Recent advances in the discovery and delivery of vaccine adjuvants. 2003;2:727-735. McElrath MJ. Selection of potent immunological adjuvants for vaccine construction. Biol 1995;6:375-385. Singh M, O'Hagan DT. Recent advances in veterinary vaccine adjuvants. Parasitol 2003;33:469-478. Song X, Hu S. Adjuvant activities of saponins from traditional Chinese medicinal herbs. Vaccine 2009;27:4883-4890. . Recent advances on ginseng research in China. J Ethnopharmacol 1992;36:27-38. Adjuvant effects of protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol saponins from ginseng roots on the immune responses to ovalbumin in mice. Vaccine 2007;25:1114-1120. . Enhancement of immune responses to infl uenza vaccine (H3N2) by ginsenoside Re. 2010;10:351-356. . Amplified immune response by ginsenoside-based nanop2311. .

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Ravikumar, A. Jalajakshi, Electrochemical capacitors: technical challenges and prognosis for future markets, Electrochim. Acta 84 (2012) 165-173. [17] E. Frackowiak, Carbon materials for supercapacitor application, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 9 (2007) 1774-1785. [18] S. Bose, T. Kuila, A. K. Mishra, R. -based nanostructured materials and their composites as supercapacitor electrodes, J. Mater. Chem. 22 (2012) 767-784. [19] G. Yu, X. Xie, L. Pan, Z. Bao, Y. Cui, Hybrid nanostructured materials for high-performance electrochemical capacitors, 2 (2013) 213-234. [20] B. E. Conway, V. Birss, J. Wojtowicz, The role and utilization of pseudocapacitance for energy storage by supercapacitors, J. 66 (1997) 1-14. [21] G. A. Snook, P. Kao, A. S. Best, Conducting-polymer-based supercapacitor devices and electrodes, J. 196 (2011) 1-12. DOI: 10. 1016/j. jpowsour. 2010. 06. 084 [22] J. Libich, J. Máca, J. Vondrák, O. Čech, M. Sedlaříková, Supercapacitors: properties and applications, J. 17 (2018) 224-227. [23] C. Zhong, Y. Deng, W. Hu, J. Qiao, L. Zhang, J. Zhang, A review of electrolyte materials and compositions for electrochemical supercapacitors, Chem. Soc. Rev. 44 (2015) 7484-7539. [24] Z. S. Wu, W. Ren, D. -W. Wang, F. Li, B. Liu, H. -M. Cheng, High-energy MnO2 nanowire/graphene and graphene asymmetric electrochemical capacitors, ACS Nano 4 (2010) 5835-5842.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: A single probiotic supplement can cure depression by balancing gut bacteria. [SEP] Text: ConclusionsIn conclusion, lactic acid bacteria have been isolated from the gut of broilers and free-range chickens in search of their use as chicken probiotics. All strains tested exhibited appropriate in vitro probiotic properties, including antagonistic activity against pathogenic microorganisms, including Salm. Typhimurium, E. coli, Staph. aureus, L. monocytogenes, and Enter. faecalis, the ability to survive pH (2. 0, 2. 5, 4. 0) and 0. 3% bile salt concentration, and strong adhesion ability to chicken ileum. The six strains of lactic acid bacteria identified by the MALDI-TOF mass spectrophotometer are Lact. reuteri DSM 20016T (B3I13), Pedi. pentosaccus DSM 20206 (B12CA), Lact. reuteri DSM 20016T (B6I3), Lact. reuteri DSM 20016T (F6I8), Lact. reuteri DSM 20016T (B7I05), and Pedi. pentosaccus. These lactic acid bacteria strains have been tested and found to meet the criteria set out earlier. They may be employed in vivo to reduce intestinal infections and improve chicken performance. Declarationsacknowledge the Department of Microbial, Cellular and and the Laboratory for their cooperation and technical assistance during this project. of and the of Natural and provided funding for this study. The sponsoring organization got a quarterly report and frequently followed the development of the study, offering helpful advice and ideas. Conflict of interest The authors declared that they have no conflicts of interest. 10. 1186/s12866-017-1000-z Ahmed FE (2003) Genetically modified probiotics in foods. 21:491-7 Aljewicz M, (2017) Influence of probiotics (L. acidophilus NCFM L. paracasei LPC37, and L. rhamnosus HN001) strains on starter cultures and secondary microbiota in Swiss and Dutch-type cheese. J Foo prose and presser 41: issue 6 (2009) Enterocin from E. faecium isolated from the mangrove environment. Biotechnol 8 (22): 6311-6316 (2010) Screening of potential probiotic properties of L.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Ginseng is known for its potential adaptogenic effects. [SEP] Text: 4236/cm. 2016. 73012 in RAW 264. 7 cells vol. 17, 10. 4142/jvs. 2016. 17. 3. 315 Overexpression of Panax ginseng sesquiterpene synthase gene confers tolerance against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato in Arabidopsis thaliana vol. 22, 10. 1007/s12298-016-0384-9 strain TH-10a vol. 46, 10. 1080/10826068. 2015. 1031391 vol. 48, 10. 1111/are. 13072 Red ginseng and vitamin C increase immune cell activity and decrease lung inflammation induced by influenza A virus/H1N1 infection vol. 68, 10. 1111/jphp. 12529 Effect of SRD-P401 on the Discomfort of Neck and/or vol. 08, 10. 4236/ajps. 2017. 85070 Growth of via Inducing Mitochondria- Function vol. 16, 10. 1177/1534735416654761 1/vol. 2017, 10. 1155/2017/7171404 Production in Cultures of Cultivated in Bioreactors vol. 22, 10. 3390/molecules22060880 T Helper Subsets: A Crucial to vol. 23, 10. 1089/act. 2017. 29103. eya leaves suppress inflammatory - mediators production via blockade of NF-κB activation in macrophages vol. 45, 10. 1080/21691401. 2016. 1228661 Synergistic production of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol from protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides by β-glycosidases from Dictyoglomus turgidum and Caldicellulosiruptor bescii vol. 7, 10. 1186/s13568-017-0524-9 Provides a View of the Panax ginseng Transcriptome vol. 8, 10. 3390/genes8090228 Inhibition of in HepG2 Cells by GINST-Decreasing HMG--Kinase vol. 82, 10. 1111/1750-3841. 13828 Effects of ginsenosides on regulatory T cell differentiation 10.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Chan-Park, High capacitive performance of flexible and binder-free graphene-polypyrrole composite membrane based on in situ reduction of graphene oxide and self-assembly, Nanoscale 5 (2013) 9860-9866. [42] Z. S. Wu, G. Zhou, L. C. Yin, W. Ren, F. Li, H. -M. Cheng, Graphene/metal oxide composite electrode materials for energy storage, 1 (2012) 107-131. [43] Y. Shao, H. Wang, Q. Zhang, Y. Li, High-performance flexible asymmetric supercapacitors based on 3D porous graphene/MnO2 nanorod and graphene/Ag hybrid thin-film electrodes, J. Mater. Chem. C 1 (2013) 1245-1251. [44] D. R. Dreyer, S. chemistry of graphene oxide, Chem. Soc. Rev. 39 (2010) 228-240. DOI: 10. 1039/B917103G [45] Z. S. Wu, D. W. Wang, W. Ren, J. Zhao, G. Zhou, F. Li, H. M. Cheng, Anchoring hydrous RuO2 on graphene sheets for high‐performance electrochemical capacitors, Adv. Funct. Mater. 20 (2010) 3595-3602. [46] Q. Wang, J. Yan, Z. Fan, T. Wei, M. Zhang, X. Jing, Mesoporous polyaniline film on ultra-thin graphene sheets for high performance supercapacitors, J. 247 (2014) 197-203. [47] S. Ye, J. Feng, Self-assembled three-dimensional hierarchical graphene/polypyrrole nanotube hybrid aerogel and its application for supercapacitors, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6 (2014) 9671-9679. [48] M. A. Memon, W. Bai, J. Sun, M. Imran, S. N. Phulpoto, S. Yan, Y. Huang, J.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: A single probiotic supplement can cure depression by balancing gut bacteria. [SEP] Text: Probiotic bacteria represent a potential alternative in the prevention and control of food-borne infections, since they have proven effectiveness in reversing the pathogenicity of food-borne pathogens. Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that confer a health benefit on the host when administered in adequate amounts [6, 7]. Strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) belonging to the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are commonly used as probiotics [8]. The mechanisms underlying the activity of LAB strains against bacterial pathogens appear to be multifactorial and include the production of hydrogen peroxide, lactic acid, bacteriocin-like molecules, stimulation of the immune system, and modulation of intestinal microbiota [9–11]. Moreover, LAB can prevent the adhesion of pathogens by competing for the binding sites on the intestinal epithelial cells and consequently, reduce the colonization, thereby preventing the onset of infection [12–14]. In order to extent beneficial effects, probiotics need to achieve in the intestine an adequate biomass through growth, biofilm formation or aggregation and, consequently, the ability to aggregate is a desirable property for probiotics. In addition, micro-organisms with the ability to co-aggregate with other bacteria, such as pathogens, may have an advantage over the non-co-aggregating bacteria that are easily removed from the intestinal gut [15]. Dietary intervention through food or food supplements containing live microbes with the aforementioned properties could be a possible step to improve the intestinal health status of people and to prevent infectious diarrhoea caused by food-borne pathogens. However, it is well-known that different bacterial strains of the same genus and species may exert completely different effects on the host [16]. Therefore, the specific properties of individual strains should be well-defined and the effect on health of each strain should be demonstrated in a case-by-case manner. For these reasons, the potential probiotic properties of different LAB strains against Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076, L. monocytogenes ATCC 7644, E. coli O157: H7 ATCC 35150, Cronobacter sakazakii ATCC 29544 and Campylobacter jejuni ATCC 33291 were determined in this study.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Ginseng is known for its potential adaptogenic effects. [SEP] Text: 1007/s10068-017-0255-3 of in High-Fat Diet-vol. 17, 10. 1089/jmf. 2014. 0016 Immunomodulatory effects of selected Malaysian plants on the CD18/11a expression and phagocytosis activities of leukocytes vol. 5, 10. 1016/S2221-1691(15)30170-2 in rats with estrogen decline using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry vol. 9, 10. 1039/C7FO01680H Ginsenoside F1 Activity of NK Cells via Insulin-Factor-1-vol. 9, 10. 3389/fimmu. 2018. 02785 -Mix on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264. 7 Cells vol. 21, 10. 1089/jmf. 2018. 4180 Lam. heartwood inhibit the innate immune responses of human phagocytes vol. 70, 10. 1111/jphp. 12952 Ginsenosides from Korean red ginseng modulate T cell function via the regulation of NF-AT-mediated IL-2 production 10. 1007/s10068-018-0428-8 Metabolomics reveals immunomodulation as a possible mechanism for the antibiotic effect of Persicaria capitata (Buch. -Ham. ex D. Don) H. Gross vol. 14, 10. 1007/s11306-018-1388-y Identification of candidate UDP-glycosyltransferases involved in protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside biosynthesis in Panax ginseng vol. 8, 10. 1038/s41598-018-30262-7 Alkaloids and in and Application to Pharmacokinetics of Shen-vol. 2018, 10. 1155/2018/5107083 extracts on rats vol. 9, 10. 1039/C8FO00025-and 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid-in Mice by Activation and T vol. 46, 10. 1142/S0192415X18500945 the for vol. 2019, 10. 1155/2019/6908716 Chemical composition characteristics of Korean straight ginseng products vol. 1, 10. 1016/j. jef.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Geng, Conjunction of conducting polymer nanostructures with macroporous structured graphene thin films for high-performance flexible supercapacitors, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8 (2016) 11711-11719. [49] Y. -assisted hydrothermal synthesis of flower-like tin oxide/graphene composites for high-performance supercapacitors, New J. Chem. 39 (2015) 8505-8512. [50] -metallic graphene nanoribbons, Nature 444 (2006) 347. [51] D. W. Boukhvalov, M. I. Katsnelson, Chemical functionalization of graphene with defects, Nano Lett. 8 (2008) 4373-4379. [52] J. Lahiri, Y. Lin, P. Bozkurt, I. I. Oleynik, M. Batzill, An extended defect in graphene as a metallic wire, Nat. Nanotechnol. 5 (2010) 326. [53] G. Luo, L. Liu, J. Zhang, G. Li, B. Wang, J. Zhao, Hole defects and nitrogen doping in graphene: implication for supercapacitor applications, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 5 (2013) 11184-11193. [54]. Pandraud, H. W. Zandbergen, L. M. K Vandersypen, C. Dekker, DNA translocation through graphene nanopores, Nano Lett. 10 (2010) 3163-3167. [55] S. Blankenburg, M. Bieri, R. Fasel, K. Müllen, C. A. Pignedoli, D. Passerone, Porous graphene as an atmospheric nanofilter, Small 6 (2010) 2266-2271. [56] A. Nourbakhsh, M. Cantoro, T. Vosch, G. Pourtois, F. Clemente, M. H. Veen, J. opening in oxygen plasma-treated graphene, Nanotechnology 21 (2010) 435203. DOI: 10. 1088/0957-4484/21/43/435203 [57] J. Yan, J. Liu, Z. Fan, T.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: A single probiotic supplement can cure depression by balancing gut bacteria. [SEP] Text: Interference studies between LAB and intestinal pathogensTo colonize the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract, pathogen bacteria must compete with gut resident microbiota, such as lactic acid bacteria that play crucial roles in maintaining the microbial ecosystem of the GI by preventing colonization and infection of incoming bacterial pathogens [8, 12–14]. It is very important to underline that potential probiotic strains are unique and strains of the same genus and species may have different beneficial effects [14]. In addition, it is assumed that the combinations of specific probiotic strains potentiate the beneficial effects to the host compared to the probiotic strains alone [39]. In this study, after determining the specific properties of individual LAB strains, three strains and their four combinations were selected and tested for their ability to inhibit the invasiveness of S. enteritidis ATCC 13076, L. monocytogenes ATCC 7644, E. coli O157: H7 ATCC 35150, C. sakazakii ATCC 29544 and C. jejuni ATCC 33291 on Caco-2 monolayers. The LAB selection showed the following specific probiotic properties: B. bifidum W23 possessed moderate auto-aggregative and co-aggregative abilities, high antimicrobial activity, and high adhesion index; L. salivarius W24 showed moderate auto-aggregative and weak co-aggregative abilities, high antimicrobial ability, and medium adhesion index; while L. rhamnosus W71 had high auto-aggregative and co-aggregative abilities, moderate antimicrobial activity, and low adhesion index. Our data demonstrated that each LAB was able to reduce the invasion ability of intestinal pathogens; this is in agreement with other studies reporting the protective effect of lactic acid bacteria against Salmonella spp. , L. monocytogenes, and C. jejuni [13, 40–42]. The ability to inhibit the invasion of intestinal pathogens indicates a very high strain-specificity. In fact, B. bifidum W23 and L. rhamnosus W71 were able to reduce the invasion of the tested pathogens by exclusion as well as by competition, while L. salivarius W24 prevalently appeared to operate exclusively via exclusion.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Ginseng is known for its potential adaptogenic effects. [SEP] Text: 2014. 11. 007 Ginseng pharmacology: a new paradigm based on gintonin-lysophosphatidic acid receptor interactions vol. 6, pp. None, 2012, 인삼 지상부를 첨가한 사료 급여가 닭에서 나타내는 효과 vol. 55, 10. 14405/kjvr. 2015. 55. 1. 1 vol. 22, 10. 18787/jr. 2015. 22. 2. 63 on System by of Panax ginseng in Relapse-Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis-Induced SJL/J Mice vol. 44, 10. 1142/s0192415x16500610 Use of Gold Nanop10. 4014/jmb. 1604. 04034 In situ preparation of water-soluble ginsenoside Rh2-entrapped bovine serum albumin nanop10. 2147/ijn. s125154 Antiviral activity of 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh2 against murine gammaherpesvirus vol. 41, 10. 1016/j. jgr. 2016. 08. 010 Towards natural mimetics of metformin and rapamycin vol. 9, 10. 18632/aging. 101319 Investigation of Herb-between and five CYP Substrates by LC-MS/MS vol. 8, 10. 5478/msl. 2017. 8. 4. 98 Stimulation of Function by Panax ginseng after vol. 66, 10. 1021/acs. jafc. 8b00152 Effect of Asterias amurensis through NF-κB and MAPK Pathways on RAW 264. 7 Cells vol. 28, 10. 4014/jmb. 1709. 09005 Medicine in Multiple Sclerosis: Theory and Practice vol. 4, 10. 1007/s40495-018-0158-x Role of inflammasome regulation on immune modulators vol. 32, 10. 7555/jbr. 32. 20170120 Optimization of ginseng hairy roots culture and its ginsenoside analysis vol. 35, 10.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Wei, L. Zhang, High-performance supercapacitor electrodes based on highly corrugated graphene sheets, Carbon 50 (2012) 2179-2188. [58] Z. Jin, J. Yao, C. Kittrell, J. M. Tour, Large-scale growth and characterizations of nitrogen-doped monolayer graphene sheets, ACS Nano 5 (2011) 4112-4117. [59]. . Rao, Synthesis, structure, and properties of boron-and nitrogen-doped graphene, Adv. Mater. 21 (2009) 4726-4730. [60] V. Thirumal, A. Pandurangan, D. Jayakumar, R. Ilangovan, Modified solar power: electrochemical synthesis of nitrogen doped few layer graphene for supercapacitor applications, J. Mater. Sci. : Mater. Electron. 27 (2016) 3410-3419. [61] D. Wei, Y. Liu, Y. Wang, H. Zhang, L. Huang, G. Yu, Synthesis of N-doped graphene by chemical vapor deposition and its electrical properties, Nano Lett. 9 (2009) 1752-1758. [62] Z. Wen, X. Wang, S. Mao, Z. Bo, H. Kim, S. Cui, G. Lu, X. Feng, J. Chen, Crumpled nitrogen‐doped graphene nanosheets with ultrahigh pore volume for high‐performance supercapacitor, Adv. Mater. 24 (2012) 5610-5616. [63] -doped graphene aerogels as efficient supercapacitor electrodes and gas adsorbents, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7 (2015) 1431-1438. [64] E. Haque, M. M. Islam, E. Pourazadi, M. . doped graphene via thermal treatment of composite solid precursors as a high performance supercapacitor, RSC Adv. 5 (2015) 30679-30686. [65] H. Jin, X. Wang, Z. Gu, Q. Fan, B.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: A single probiotic supplement can cure depression by balancing gut bacteria. [SEP] Text: Regarding the putative mechanisms of bacterial antagonism, co-aggregation could be one probiotic mechanism of action to prevent the attachment of pathogens to the intestinal surface and avoid its binding to the cellular line [13, 43]. In our case, B. bifidum W23 and L. rhamnosus W71 both co-aggregated well and reduced the invasion of the intestinal pathogens L. monocytogenes ATCC 7644 and C. jejuni ATCC 33291. On the contrary, L. salivarius W24 did not appear to use co-aggregation as its mechanism of action to reduce the invasion of L. monocytogenes ATCC 7644 and C. jejuni ATCC 33291. These results support the hypothesis that there are multiple mechanisms by which probiotics exert antagonistic action against intestinal pathogens, and since surface components of LAB are implicated in adhesion, co-aggregation and bacteria–bacteria interactions, these phenomena could be probably interrelated. According to the hypothesis that a combination of LAB strains may be more effective in vivo than single strains [7, 35], we found increased percentages of invasion inhibition by the four LAB strain combinations compared to those of the individual LAB strains. Particularly interesting is the case of S. enteritidis ATCC 13076; in fact, when tested against this pathogen, the individual LAB strains reached low percentages of invasion inhibition (maximum value 57. 14% by L. rhamnosus W71 in the exclusion test), whilst the LAB combinations achieved a greater cumulative percentage of invasion inhibition up to 82. 47%. Similarly, regarding C. sakazakii ATCC 29544, the LAB combinations have reached higher percentages of invasion inhibition, even whilst most cases of the single LAB strains have gained good results (up to 82. 86% of invasion inhibition). These findings demonstrate that the tested LAB combinations possess probiotic properties, supporting the hypothesis that the use of probiotic combinations, selected for their strain-specific characteristics, may increase the beneficial effects on human health [9, 39]. To our knowledge, this is the first work where LAB strains were tested individually as well as in combination by in vitro interference tests with intestinal pathogens. To verify the ability of different LAB strains, also in their combinations, to inhibit the invasion of pathogenic bacteria appears important for the selection of new probiotic microorganisms.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Ginseng is known for its potential adaptogenic effects. [SEP] Text: 12925/jkocs. 2018. 35. 4. 995 Mapping a novel positive allosteric modulator binding site in the central vestibule region of human P2X7 vol. 9, pp. None, 2019, Electrodeposition of Ginseng/Poly(lactic-co-glycolic Acid) on 316L at Parameters vol. 67, 10. 1248/cpb. c18-00847 of for IBD vol. 2019, pp. None, 2012, Dish to Patient: and Mechanism of Action for Antimicrobial and Products vol. 10, pp. None, 2012, A on the Effects of of Panax ginseng on the of Cyclophosphamide-Mice vol. 24, 10. 3390/molecules24061096 Immune-enhancing effects of a traditional herbal prescription, Kyung-Ok-Ko vol. 34, 10. 6116/kjh. 2019. 34. 2. 41 : Preparation, Phytochemistry and vol. 24, 10. 3390/molecules24101856 of the Metabolomes among the of Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolius, and Panax notoginseng by UHPLC/IM-QTOF-HDMSE-Analysis vol. 24, 10. 3390/molecules24112188 Integration of Data-(DDA) and Data-Independent High-Definition MSE (HDMSE) for the and Characterization of Multicomponents from Panax japonicus by UHPLC/I vol. 24, 10. 3390/molecules24152708 Pharmacological effects of ginseng on infectious diseases vol. 27, 10. 1007/s10787-019-00630-4 Ginsenoside Rh2 reverses cyclophosphamide‐induced immune deficiency by regulating fatty acid metabolism vol. 106, 10. 1002/jlb. 2a0419-117r Development of a Validated UPLC-MS/MS Method for from Species vol. 24, 10. 3390/molecules24224065 A case of cancer patient treated by monotherapy vol. 40, 10. 13048/jkm.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Luo, A facile method for preparing nitrogen-doped graphene and its application in supercapacitors, J. 273 (2015) 1156-1162. [66] D. Li, C. Yu, M. Wang, Y. Zhang, C. Pan, Synthesis of nitrogen doped graphene from graphene oxide within an ammonia flame for high performance supercapacitors, RSC Adv. 4 (2014) 55394-55399. [67] M. P. Kumar, T. Kesavan, G. Kalita, P. the large capacitance of nitrogen doped graphene derived by a facile route, RSC Adv. 4 (2014) 38689-38697. [68] C. Li, Y. Hu, M. Yu, Z. Wang, W. Zhao, P. Liu, Y. Tong, X. Lu, Nitrogen doped graphene paper as a highly conductive, and light-weight substrate for flexible supercapacitors, RSC Adv. 4 (2014) 51878-51883. [69] Y. Lu, Y. Huang, F. Zhang, L. Zhang, X. Yang, T. Zhang, K. Leng, M. Zhang, Y. Chen, Functionalized graphene oxide based on p-phenylenediamine as spacers and nitrogen dopants for high performance supercapacitors, Chinese Sci. Bull. 59 (2014) 1809-1815. [70] D. Wang, Y. Min, Y. Yu, B. Peng, A general approach for fabrication of nitrogen-doped graphene sheets and its application in supercapacitors, J. Sci. 417 (2014) 270-277. [71] V. Sahu, S. Grover, B. Tulachan, M. Sharma, G. Srivastava, M. Roy, M. Saxena, N. Sethy, K. Bhargava, D. Philip, H. Kim, G. Singh, S. K. Singh, M. Das, R. K. Sharma, Heavily nitrogen doped, graphene supercapacitor from silk cocoon, Electrochim. Acta 160 (2015) 244-253. [72] T. Wu, H.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: A single probiotic supplement can cure depression by balancing gut bacteria. [SEP] Text: rhamnosus and L. lactis definitely inhibited Blastocystis growth from the 2nd day of co-incubation, as compared to the control samples. Inhibition was perfectly visible during all 5 days when OD620 = 1. 0 concentration (8. 72 × 108 CFU/mL and 8. 48 × 108 CFU/mL, respectively) was added and this was statistically significant (p = 0. 0076 and p = 0. 0383). Co-incubation of bacteria with Blastocystis ST3 axenic cultureIn control samples, Blastocystis proliferation was observed from 2 to 5 days, but according to the xenic culture the number of protozoan cells was lower. Total viable Blastocystis cells in bacteria-treated cultures were counted every day starting from the 2nd day of co-incubation when the number of parasites increased significantly after the addition of different concentrations of E. coli (Fig. 2). E. faecium did not influence the Blastocystis significantly. A decrease in Blastocystis cell viability was observed after 3 days and later after co-incubation with L. rhamnosus and L. lactis (Fig. 2). Furthermore, in this case the number of Blastocystis cells co-incubated with E. coli and E. faecium was similar to the control samples. Also, after four and 5 days E. coli had a negative influence on Blastocystis proliferation, and that inhibition was statistically significant. Fig. 2The influence of different concentrations OD620 = 0. 5, 1. 0 and 1. 5 of chosen bacteria on Blastocystis axenic culture development according to time of co-incubationFull size image The influence of different bacterial concentrations was statistically analyzed. The number of added E. coli cells when optical density (OD620) was 0. 5, 1. 0 and 1. 5 (4. 48 × 108 CFU/mL, 8. 56 × 108 CFU/mL, and 1. 22 × 109 CFU/mL, respectively) significantly influenced a higher Blastocystis proliferation after the first 2 days (p < 0. 0001) as compared to the control sample. The number of parasites decreased on the 5th day of co-incubation with E. coli.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Ginseng is known for its potential adaptogenic effects. [SEP] Text: 19044 In-depth profiling, characterization, and comparison of the ginsenosides among three different parts (the root, stem leaf, and flower bud) of Panax quinquefolius L. by ultra-high performance liquid ch vol. 411, 10. 1007/s00216-019-02180-8 A Review of in Cardiovascular Disorders: Benefits and Risks vol. 48, 10. 1142/s0192415x20500147 Peptides as for Authentication of Mountain- of -HRMS vol. 68, 10. 1021/acs. jafc. 9b05568 Gintonin-Stress-through LPA Receptor vol. 25, 10. 3390/molecules25051019 Ginsenoside Rg1 Acts as a with Anti-without Regeneration in vol. 9, 10. 3390/cells9051107 Characteristics of Panax ginseng Cultivars in Korea and China vol. 25, 10. 3390/molecules25112635 Effects of on and DHEA Levels in Healthy Females: Study vol. 12, 10. 3390/nu12061582 Characterization of red ginseng–drug interaction by CYP3A activity increased in high dose administration in mice vol. 41, 10. 1002/bdd. 2246 Ginseng integrative supplementation for seasonal acute upper respiratory infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis vol. 52, pp. None, 2012, of Oils vol. 10, 10. 3390/biom10081139 Physiological responses and ginsenoside production of Panax ginseng seedlings grown under various ratios of red to blue light-emitting diodes vol. 61, 10. 1007/s13580-020-00255-5 Research Quality-Modeling for Comparison of the of Black and vol. 12, 10. 3390/nu12092590 Immunomodulatory effects of fermented Platycodon grandiflorum extract through NF-κB signaling in RAW 264. 7 cells vol. 14, 10. 4162/nrp. 2020. 14. 5. 453 Synergistic anti-liver cancer effects of curcumin and total ginsenosides vol. 12, 10. 4251/wjgo. v12. i10.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Shen, L. Sun, B. Cheng, B. Liu, J. Shen, Nitrogen and boron doped monolayer graphene by chemical vapor deposition using polystyrene, urea and boric acid, New J. Chem. 36 (2012) 1385-1391. [73] L. Niu, Z. Li, W. Hong, J. Sun, Z. Wang, L. Ma, J. Wang, S. Yang, Pyrolytic synthesis of boron-doped graphene and its application as electrode material for supercapacitors, Electrochim. Acta 108 (2013) 666-673. [74] Z. Zuo, Z. Jiang, A. Manthiram, Porous B-doped graphene inspired by fried-ice for supercapacitors and metal-free catalysts, J. Mater. Chem. A 1 (2013) 13476-13483. [75] J. Han, L. L. Zhang, S. Lee, J. . Ji, X. Zhao, R. S. Ruoff, S. Park, Generation of B-doped graphene nanoplatelets using a solution process and their supercapacitor applications, ACS Nano 7 (2012) 19-26. [76] A. Ambrosi, H. L. Poh, L. Wang, Z. Sofer, M. Pumera, Capacitance of p‐and n‐doped graphenes is dominated by structural defects regardless of the dopant type, ChemSusChem 7 (2014) 1102-1106. [77] J. P. Paraknowitsch, A. Thomas, J. Schmidt, Microporous sulfur-doped carbon from thienyl-based polymer network precursors, Chem. Commun. 47 (2011) 8283-8285. [78] X. Zhao, Q. Zhang, C. -M. Chen, B. Zhang, S. Reiche, A. Wang, T. Zhang, R. Schlögl, D. S. Su, Aromatic sulfide, sulfoxide, and sulfone mediated mesoporous carbon monolith for use in supercapacitor, 1 (2012) 624-630. [79] X.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: A single probiotic supplement can cure depression by balancing gut bacteria. [SEP] Text: Co-incubation of fungi with Blastocystis ST3 xenic and axenic culturealbicans and Candida glabrata showed only a modest decrease of 30% cell loss compared to the bacteria. The results of this study showed that the fungal suspension had an influence on Blastocystis, but the effectiveness was lower than that of bacteria (Fig. 3). The mean and standard deviation values were calculated with respect to the cell counts of the control. In control samples, Blastocystis proliferation was observed from 2 to 4 days. After that time it began to decrease. Total viable Blastocystis cells in fungi-treated cultures were counted every day starting from 2 days of co-incubation when the number of the parasite increased after the addition of 105 CFU/mL and 106 CFU/mL concentrations of Candida albicans in both xenic and axenic culture (Fig. 3a, c). During the 4th day, in both control and co-incubated samples, the number of Blastocystis cells started to slowly decrease. Compared to the control samples, co-incubation with both Candida albicans and Candida glabrata showed a faster decrease in Blastocystis proliferation (Fig. 3a, b). This was not statistically significant. A similar situation was noticed in the axenic culture experiment (Fig. 3c, d). Usually the vacuolar form occurred in the co-incubated samples. Interestingly, the amoeboid form was observed quite often as well as granular and cyst form. Fig. 3The influence of different concentrations of chosen fungi on Blastocystis xenic (a, b) and axenic (c, d) culture development according to time of co-incubationFull size image Co-incubation of cell free supernatantOnly bacterial supernatants of E. faecium, L. rhamnosus and L. lactis inhibited Blastocystis proliferation in xenic culture significantly (p < 0. 0001) from the 2nd day of co-incubation (Fig. 4a). The supernatant containing the metabolites of E. coli was effective to a lower degree. Also, in axenic culture three supernatants obtained from E. faecium, L. rhamnosus and L.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Ginseng is known for its potential adaptogenic effects. [SEP] Text: Neuroprotective effects of ginsenosides. Exp (Wars) 2006;66:369-375. . Ginsenosides: are any of them candidates for drugs acting on the central nervous system? CNS 2007;13:381-404. . Ginsenosides and their CNS targets. CNS 2011;17:761-768. . Neuroprotection in progressive brain disorders. 2003;5:576-580. . Strategies for the protection of dopaminergic neurons against neurotoxicity. 2000;2:99-114. de. Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson's disease. 2003;24:197-211. Schapira AH. Molecular and clinical pathways to neuroprotection of dopaminergic drugs in Parkinson disease. Neurology 2009;72(7 Suppl):S44-S50. . Mechanisms underlying infl ammation in neurodegeneration. Cell 2010;140:918-934. . Protection against 1-methyl- 4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+)-induced apoptosis by water extract of ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) in SH-SY5Y cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2011;135:34-42. . Neuroprotective actions of the ginseng extract G115 in two rodent models of Parkinson's disease. 2003;184:521-529. . Rg1 reduces nigral iron levels of MPTP-treated C57BL6 mice by regulating certain iron transport proteins. 2009;54:43-48. . Rg1 protects the MPP+-treated MES23. 5 cells via attenuating DMT1 up-regulation and cellular iron uptake. Neuropharmacology 2010;58:488-494. . Rg1 protects iron-induced neurotoxicity through antioxidant and iron regulatory proteins in 6-OHDA-treated MES23. 5 cells. J 2010;111:1537-1545. Rouault TA, Cooperman S. Brain iron metabolism. Neurol 2006;13:142-148. . Iron elevations in the aging Parkinsonian brain: a consequence of impaired iron homeostasis? J Neurochem 2010;112:332-339. .

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Chen, X. Chen, X. Xu, Z. Yang, Z. Liu, L. Zhang, X. Xu, Y. Chen, S. Huang, Sulfur-doped porous reduced graphene oxide hollow nanosphere frameworks as metal-free electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction and as supercapacitor electrode materials, Nanoscale 6 (2014) 13740-13747. [80] Y. Wen, B. Wang, C. Huang, L. Wang, D. Hulicova-Jurcakova, Synthesis of phosphorus-doped graphene and its wide potential window in aqueous supercapacitors, Chem. : Eur. J. 21 (2015) 80-85. [81] P. Karthika, N. Rajalakshmi, K. S. Dhathathreyan, Phosphorus-doped exfoliated graphene for supercapacitor electrodes, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 13 (2013) 1746-1751. [82] V. Thirumal, A. Pandurangan, R. Jayavel, R. Ilangovan, Synthesis and characterization of boron doped graphene nanosheets for supercapacitor applications, Synth. Met. 220 (2016) 524-532. [83] Z. Peng, R. Ye, J. A. Mann, D. Zakhidov, Y. Li, P. R. Smalley, J. Lin, J. M. Tour, Flexible boron-doped laser-induced graphene microsupercapacitors, ACS Nano 9 (2015) 5868-5875. [84] D. -Y. Yeom, W. Jeon, N. . Chang, J. A. Lim, H. Kim, High-concentration boron doping of graphene nanoplatelets by simple thermal annealing and their supercapacitive properties, Sci. Rep. 5 (2015) 9817. [85] N. sulfur doping and exfoliation of graphene from graphite using an electrochemical method for supercapacitor electrode materials, J. Mater. Chem. A 4 (2015) 233-240. [86] E.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: A single probiotic supplement can cure depression by balancing gut bacteria. [SEP] Text: Consequently, suggestions have been made that the use of the antiprotozoal drug known as metronidazole could give rise to drug resistant Blastocystis subtypes [31]. Moreover, metronidazole, which is the first-line treatment, has been shown to exhibit side effects and quite often a low effectiveness of this drug during eradication is noted [32]. As an alternative, we have tried to explore the potential of probiotic bacteria. We studied the response of Blastocystis in vitro to two different strains of the Lactobacillaceae family—L. rhamnosus and L. lactis, as well as E. faecium. In addition, we tried to define the role of E. coli and two fungal strains from the Candidaceae family in protozoan development using concentrations similar to that in a healthy human colon. Our study shows the strong inhibitory effect of various lactic acid bacteria (LAB) at different concentrations on the proliferation of the Blastocystis from the beginning of co-incubation in xenic and axenic culture, whereas E. faecium and E. coli exhibited anti-proliferative activity after 4 days. In the case of co-incubation with E. faecium and E. coli, a high level of amoebic forms of Blastocystis was noticed. It may mean that the bacteria mentioned above are beneficial for Blastocystis development and confirms the previous research of Rajamanikam and Govind [33], who suggest that the amoebic form is found during optimal conditions for Blastocystis growth and plays a role in the exacerbation of intestinal symptoms during Blastocystis colonization. In our study, fungi from the Candidaceae family had little antiprotozoal influence, as well as forcing the vacuolar forms into cysts and granular forms. Those forms are usually observed during thermal stress, as Thergarajan et al. [34] reported in their research. Our experiments on axenic cultures of the parasite confirmed a strong negative influence of LAB on Blastocystis. The cell free supernatants of bacteria were used for further investigation to determine whether the bacterial metabolites showed similar results. Sarjapuram et al. [22] reported the inhibition of other protozoan proliferation by spent media of probiotic culture.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Ginseng is known for its potential adaptogenic effects. [SEP] Text: Experimental research on effect of gensenoside Rg1 on expressions of P-Tau and caspase-3 in brain slices from AD model rats. Zhi 2010;35:369-372. . Ginsenoside-Rg1 inhibits cell apoptosis induced by beta amyloid. Zhi 2008;88:1763-1766. . Effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on learning and memory impairment induced by betaamyloid peptide(25-35) and its mechanism of action. 2001;36:1-4. . Protective effect of extract of Astragalus on learning and memory impairments and neurons' apoptosis induced by glucocorticoids in 12-month-old male mice. (Hoboken) 2011;294:1003-1014. . Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates amyloid-beta content, regulates PKA/CREB activity, and improves cognitive performance in SAMP8 mice. J 2010;19:977-989. . Reductions in levels of the Alzheimer's amyloid beta peptide after oral administration of ginsenosides. 2006;20:1269-1271. . Ginsenoside Rg1 inhibits betasecretase activity in vitro and protects against Abetainduced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. J 2009;11:604-612. . Effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on expressions of phosphory protein tau and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits NR1 and NR2B in rat brain slice model of Alzheimer's disease. Zhi 2010;35:3339-3343. . Effects of gensenoside Rg1 on tau protein phosphorylation induced by okadaic acid in rat brain slices. 2010;8:955-960. . Effect of 17-beta-estradiol and ginsenoside Rg1 on reactive microglia induced by betaamyloid peptides. J 1999;1:153-161. . Reciprocal activity of ginsenosides in the production of proinflammatory repertoire, and their potential roles in neuroprotection in vivo. 2005;71:476-481. . Protective effects of ginsenoside Rg2 against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Bekyarova, M. E. Itkis, P. Ramesh, C. Berger, M. modification of epitaxial graphene: spontaneous grafting of aryl groups, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131 (2009) 1336-1337. [87] J. Zhang, Y. Xu, L. Cui, A. Fu, W. Yang, C. Barrow, J. Liu, Mechanical properties of graphene films enhanced by homo-telechelic functionalized polymer fillers via π-π stacking interactions, Compos. Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf. 71 (2015) 1-8. [88] Z. Lei, J. of chemically derived graphene for improving its electrocapacitive energy storage properties, Energy Environ. Sci. 9 (2016) 1891-1930. [89] A. K. Mishra, S. Ramaprabhu, Functionalized graphene-based nanocomposites for supercapacitor application, J. Phys. Chem. C 115 (2011) 14006-14013. [90] Z. Gao, F. Wang, J. Chang, D. Wu, X. Wang, X. Wang, F. Xu, S. Gao, K. Jiang, Chemically grafted graphene-polyaniline composite for application in supercapacitor, Electrochim. Acta 133 (2014) 325-334. [91] B. Song, J. Zhao, M. Wang, J. Mullavey, Y. Zhu, Z. Geng, D. Chen, Y. Ding, K. -S. Moon, M. Liu, C. -P. Wong, Systematic study on structural and electronic properties of diamine/triamine functionalized graphene networks for supercapacitor application, 31 (2017) 183-193. [92] B. Song, J. I. Choi, Y. Zhu, Z. Geng, L. Zhang, Z. level study of graphene networks functionalized with phenylenediamine monomers for supercapacitor electrodes, Chem. Mater. 28 (2016) 9110-9121. [93] G. Xie, R. Yang, P.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: A single probiotic supplement can cure depression by balancing gut bacteria. [SEP] Text: They noticed changes of the pH of microbiological media and adjusted it to eliminate its influence on Entamoeba growth [22]. Similarly, our study showed that not only living bacteria had a negative influence on Blastocystis, but also their metabolites. Zhang et al. [35] determined the optimal pH for Blastocystis growth to be 7. 0 [35]. Our study clearly shows the inhibition of Blastocystis proliferation by LAB, which suggests that people using probiotic rich diets and having a stable gut microbiota are more resistant to protozoan colonization. Several previous studies revealed that the total bacterial population, as well as bacterial groups such as Bifidobacterium sp. , Bacteroides spp. , and Clostridium sp. , shows a high degree of temporal stability [36,37,38,39]. However, the situation is different for the Lactobacillus population. et al. , Vanhoutte et al. , and Scanlan et al. studies of fecal samples from most human subjects showed temporal dynamics that were characterized by fluctuations and a lack of stability [36, 38, 40]. A lack of these bacteria in the large intestine caused by a poor diet, antibiotic therapy or taking drugs for gastrointestinal disorders such as proton pomp inhibitors (PPI) may influence the susceptibility to Blastocystis invasions [41, 42]. The interesting thing is that all of the bacterial concentrations used in this study affected the parasite proliferation. This suggests that lower bacterial CFUs may also be used for Blastocystis eradication. Molan in his research [18] suggested, which we validated in our work, that the factor which causes that inhibition may be the bacteria themselves or their chemical compounds. Lactobacilli increase their protective or therapeutic effect through the production of antimicrobial compounds [43], a reduction of gut pH by stimulating the lactic acid producing microflora [44], competition for binding of receptor sites that pathogens occupy and competition with pathogens for available nutrients [45, 46]. Nisin-producing L. lactis strains have high antimicrobial properties [47]. This study shows that lactic acid produced by the Lactobacillaceae family lowered the pH of the TSB medium, but not of the Jones’ medium during co-incubation with Blastocystis.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Ginseng is known for its potential adaptogenic effects. [SEP] Text: Protective effects of ginseng saponins on 3-nitropropionic acid-induced striatal degeneration in rats. Neuropharmacology 2005;48:743-756. . Ginsenosides protect striatal neurons in a cellular model of Huntington's disease. J 2009;87:1904-1912. . Neurochemical and histologic characterization of striatal excitotoxic lesions produced by the mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid. J Neurosci 1993;13:4181-4192. . 3-Nitropropionic acid animal model and Huntington's disease. Rev 1997;21:289-293. Kim SU, de Vellis J. Microglia in health and disease. J 2005;81:302-313. . Anti-infl ammatory mechanism of ginseng saponins in activated microglia. J Neuroimmunol 2009;209:40-49. . Anti-infl ammatory mechanism of ginsenoside Rh1 in lipopolysaccharidestimulated microglia: critical role of the protein kinase A pathway and hemeoxygenase-1 expression. J Neurochem 2010;115:1668-1680. Mulder DW. Clinical limits of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 1982;36:15-22. . Rats expressing human cytosolic copper-zinc superoxide dismutase transgenes with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: associated mutations develop motor neuron disease. J Neurosci 2001;21:9246-9254. . Onset and progression in inherited ALS determined by motor neurons and microglia. Science 2006;312:1389-1392. . Caspase-1 and -3 are sequentially activated in motor neuron death in Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase-mediated familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 2000;97:13901-13906. Rowland LP. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: theories and therapies. 1994;35:129-130. . Microarray analysis of the cellular pathways involved in the adaptation to and progression of motor neuron injury in the SOD1 G93A mouse model of familial ALS. J Neurosci 2007;27:9201-9219. . Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 2009;4:3. .

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: 16 (2014) 3292-3298. [118] M. Devi, A. Kumar, In-situ reduced graphene oxide nanosheets-polypyrrole nanotubes nanocomposites for supercapacitor applications, Synth. Met. 222 (2016) 318-329. [119] M. Devi, A. Kumar, 85 MeV C6+ swift heavy ion irradiation of in-situ reduced graphene oxide-polypyrrole nanotubes nanocomposite films for supercapacitor electrodes, Electrochim. Acta 261 (2018) 1-13. [120] D. K. Avasthi, S. Ghosh, S. K. Srivastava, W. Assmann, Existence of transient temperature spike induced by SHI: evidence by ion beam analysis, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 219 (2004) 206-214. [121] V. Kumar, Y. Ali, K. Sharma, V. heavy ions induced surface modifications in Ag-polypyrrole composite films synthesized by an electrochemical route, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 323 (2014) 7-13. [122] S. Kumar, A. Tripathi, F. Singh, S. A. Khan, V. Baranwal, D. K. Avasthi, Purification/annealing of graphene with 100-MeV Ag ion irradiation, Nanoscale Res. Lett. 9 (2014) 126. [123] E. Frackowiak, S. Delpeux, K. Jurewicz, K. Szostak, D. Cazorla-Amoros, F. Beguin, Enhanced capacitance of carbon nanotubes through chemical activation, Chem. Phys. Lett. 361 (2002) 35-41. [124] J. M. Carlsson, M. Scheffler, Structural, electronic, and chemical properties of nanoporous carbon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 (2006) 046806.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: A single probiotic supplement can cure depression by balancing gut bacteria. [SEP] Text: That means the pH could not be a reason for the decline of Blastocystis, as has been reported about other protozoan parasites such as Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia sp. or Eimeria sp. [19, 21, 22, 48]. The other situation has been demonstrated by E. faecium and E. coli. Some strains of the first of these bacteria has been reported to be an effective probiotic species [22]. Our study confirmed the data from the Sarjapuram [22] research. The authors reported that E. faecium inhibited Eimeria after 24 h of co-incubation with a total bacterial CFU of 108 cells/mL. Blastocystis ST3 seems to be more resistant to its influence. In our experiment, the more effective concentration was 1. 23 × 109 CFU/mL, as well as a longer incubation time—4 or 5 days. Most likely, it lasts longer because E. faecium produces strong antimicrobial, yet no antiprotozoal compounds, and it does not compete for enteric adherence sites. More likely, this is caused by competing for nutrients. This could be due to it being a lactic acid bacteria which colonizes differently, and competes with Blastocystis differently [49]. In human medicine, E. faecium has been used successfully in the treatment of acute diarrheal diseases and in the prevention of antibiotic—associated diarrhea [50, 51]. Starke et al. , as well as Klingspor et al. in 2015, investigated the intestinal microbiota of pigs whose components are similar to human gut microorganisms [52, 53]. They showed that the probiotic bacteria E. faecium modifies the porcine intestinal microbiota and modulates epithelial integrity, heat shock protein as well as the proinflammatory cytokine response in intestinal cells. That could lead to the eradication of intestinal pathogens, including protozoans. Our study showed the dependence of Blastocystis on a fecal bacteria presence. In axenic control cultures, there were far fewer Blastocystis cells than in xenic culture, which means the intestinal commensal bacteria have a role in parasite development. One possible explanation for Blastocystis eradication by E. faecium may be the direct growth inhibiting effect of the probiotic on other intestinal bacteria, such as E.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Ginseng is known for its potential adaptogenic effects. [SEP] Text: Benefi cial effect of ginseng root in SOD-1 (G93A) transgenic mice. J 2000;180:52-54. . Saponins from Panax japonicus protect against alcohol-induced hepatic injury in mice by up-regulating the expression of GPX3, SOD1 and SOD3. 2010;45:320-331. . Transcriptional activation of the Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase gene through the AP2 site by ginsenoside Rb2 extracted from a medicinal plant, Panax ginseng. J 1996;271:24539-24543. . Ginsenoside Rb1 reverses H2O2-induced senescence in human umbilical endothelial cells: involvement of eNOS pathway. J 2012;59:222-230. . Multiple sclerosis: mechanisms of disability accumulation in multiple sclerosis. Neurol 2010;6:654-655. Conway D, Cohen JA. Combination therapy in multiple sclerosis. 2010;9:299-308. . Linomide in relapsing and secondary progressive MS. Part I: trial design and clinical results. Linomide Investigators. Neurology 2000;54:1726-1733. Steinman L, Zamvil SS. How to successfully apply animal studies in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis to research on multiple sclerosis. 2006;60:12-21. Kieseier BC, Wiendl H. Oral disease-modifying treatments for multiple sclerosis: the story so far. CNS Drugs 2007;21:483-502. . Activation of multiple effector pathways of immune system by the antineoplastic immunostimulator acidic polysaccharide ginsan isolated from Panax ginseng. 1997;17:323-331. . An acidic polysaccharide of Panax ginseng ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and induces regulatory T cells. 2011;138:169-178. . American ginseng does not improve fatigue in multiple sclerosis: a single center randomized doubleblind placebo-controlled crossover pilot study. 2011;17:1523-1526. Cited by Anti-of Ginsenoside Rg5 in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated BV2 vol. 14, 10.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of graphene’s applications are still in the research phase, although it has shown promise in areas like electronics, energy, and biomedical devices. [SEP] Text: Finally, unlike hINO80, hINO80ΔCTD slides a centrally positioned 50N50 nucleosome away from the central position (Figure 6C). Consequently, we conclude that the hIno80 CTD not only regulates ATPase but also confers both coupling and DNA sensing abilities to the complex. Figure 6 with 1 supplement see all Download asset Open asset hINO80ΔCTD has altered end sensing. (A) Initial sliding rates for hINO80 and hINO80ΔCTD on nucleosomes with different length overhangs. Full length hINO80 complex (right) senses DNA ends up to 60 bp while that of the hINO80ΔCTD complex (left) is reduced to under 40 bp. FRET-based assay data are shown in Figure 6—figure supplement 1. (B) hINO80ΔCTD has a reduced ability to centre nucleosomes. Although the majority of nucleosomes still reach the centre, the spread is much greater than for hINO80 (Figure 1 and Figure 3—figure supplement 2). (C) hINO80ΔCTD slides 50N50 nucleosomes away from the central location. These are unaltered by hINO80. In order to investigate this role further, we prepared the hIno80 CTD alone (residues 1250–1556) to analyse its intrinsic properties (Figure 7 and Figure 7—figure supplement 1). We find that the isolated CTD is a DNA-binding protein (Figure 7A) and is a monomer is solution (Figure 7B). Affinity measurements made by MST show that the binding of hIno80CTD to duplex DNA is cooperative with a Hill coefficient close to 2 (Figure 7C) but stoichiometry measurements were not possible due to aggregation of the complex at high protein concentrations. However, since two hINO80 complexes are required for sliding and binding, it seems likely that CTD dimerisation is induced by binding to duplex DNA and, like the nucleosome-dependent interaction between hINO80 complexes, this dimerisation is highly cooperative. The CTD, therefore, provides one interface between INO80 dimers although there may be others involving different subunits that we have yet to identify.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: A single probiotic supplement can cure depression by balancing gut bacteria. [SEP] Text: coli, Clostridium sp. or other fecal commensal microorganisms. Bednorz et al. [54] showed in their data a minor influence of E. faecium on the overall population of non-pathogenic E. coli in healthy piglets. However, this same strain has a profound effect on mucosa-adherent E. coli. Russo et al. and Kaper et al. reported that E. faecium 10415 significantly reduced pathogenic organisms, such as extraintestinal E. coli (ExPEC) [55, 56]. To sum up, there may be two ways of Blastocystis eradication by E. faecium: directly by cellular compounds and nutrient competition, and indirectly by killing the beneficial intestinal bacteria. The results of our E. coli experiment were quite interesting. The number of Blastocystis cells increased, then after the 4th day began to decrease significantly. In the Ganas et al. study from 2012, E. coli was found to strongly support the growth of the parasite—Histomonas meleagridis, which may suggest it is a beneficial bacteria for protozoan parasite development [57]. That may be an explanation for the increase of Blastocystis proliferation, especially if E. coli is also an intestinal microorganism. The question remains as to why the number of Blastocystis cells decreased significantly after 5 days of co-incubation? One option may be the fact that the bacteria might be absorbed by Blastocystis at first while only low numbers of E. coli cells were in the incubated tubes. That supports protozoan proliferation. Another option is that E. coli produces endotoxins, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) which could negatively influence Blastocystis cells from inside after phagocytosis which was observed in amoebic form and destroy the parasite [57,58,59]. There are not many studies regarding the influence of Candida on protozoans. Mostly the researchers have focused on interactions between intestinal fungi and bacteria [60]. Our study focused on the interaction between Blastocystis and Candida albicans and Candida glabrata to determine if people who are colonized by that fungi as the natural microbiota of the human intestine are more susceptible or resistant to Blastocystis invasions.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Ginseng is known for its potential adaptogenic effects. [SEP] Text: 3390/ijms14059820 Attenuates 3-Nitropropionic Acid-Induced Huntington’s-vol. 2013, 10. 1155/2013/237207 on Alpha-of Hyperplasia vol. 18, 10. 5213/inj. 2014. 18. 4. 179 Characterization of a Ginsenoside-Transforming β-glucosidase from Paenibacillus mucilaginosus and for of F2 vol. 9, 10. 1371/journal. pone. 0085727 Kyung-Ok--in Rats vol. 9, 10. 1371/journal. pone. 0087623 Identification and Characterization of a Ginsenoside-Transforming β-Glucosidase from Pseudonocardia sp. Gsoil 1536 and for of Rg2(S) vol. 9, 10. 1371/journal. pone. 0096914 Renoprotective effect of red ginseng in gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury vol. 94, 10. 1038/labinvest. 2014. 101 Sungshim-san-mediated Recovery of Cognition and in the vol. 26, 10. 7231/jon. 2015. 26. 3. 319 Anti-inflammatory Mechanism of Metabolite Rh3 in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Microglia: of 5′-Adenosine Monophosphate-Pathway vol. 63, 10. 1021/jf506110y Involvement of Connexin40 in the of Ginsenoside Rb1 vol. 36, 10. 1007/s10571-015-0299-y Correlation of cultivation time of Panax ginseng with metabolic profiles of nine ginsenosides and mRNA expression of genes encoding major biosynthetic enzymes vol. 38, 10. 1007/s11738-015-2049-7 Nitrogen and phosphorus as the factors affecting ginsenoside production in hairy root cultures of Panax quinquefolium cultivated in shake flasks and nutrient sprinkle bioreactor vol. 38, 10. 1007/s11738-016-2168-9 strain TH-10a vol. 46, 10. 1080/10826068. 2015.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of graphene’s applications are still in the research phase, although it has shown promise in areas like electronics, energy, and biomedical devices. [SEP] Text: Although the notion that ATPase activity of INO80 bound to nucleosomes is constant and continuous may be counter-intuitive, the rate is actually very low (1–2 s−1) compared to other SF2 helicases (Singleton et al. , 2007). Consequently, the amount of ATP consumed is small in comparison with the overall energy balance within a cell and, whatever the function of this may be, it appears to be worth paying the metabolic price. However, it is important to note that ATPase activity is only stimulated when INO80 is bound to nucleosomes so when chromatin becomes compacted, access is restricted and INO80 (presumably) is released. It is therefore possible that, when chromatin becomes unpacked for DNA repair after detection of a double-stranded DNA break, a constant monitoring of nucleosome location, by a bound and active INO80 complex near the repair site, would provide continuous access for repair machinery until the repair has been effected, after which the chromatin structure could be restored and INO80 released. Materials and methods Preparation of recombinant hINO80 complexes Request a detailed protocol Human Ino80 genes lacking the coding sequence for the N-terminal sub-domain (residues 1–266, NTD) or the NTD and C-terminal sub-domain (residues 1262–1556) were generated by PCR and then sub-cloned to append TEV protease-cleavable N-terminal 8-histidine and C-terminal twin Strep-tag II tags. The tagged subunit was then cloned with other genes of the hINO80 core complex using a modified MultiBac system (Berger et al. , 2004) as described previously (Willhoft et al. , 2016). Ino80 subunit DEAQ-box mutant (E563A) was prepared by InFusion-based mutagenesis. Catalytically inactive hINO80 core complexes and wild type sub-complex were expressed and purified in the same manner as the wild type complex (Willhoft et al. , 2016). Preparation of nucleosomes Request a detailed protocol Nucleosomes with varying flanking DNA lengths were prepared using a similar method described in (Willhoft et al. , 2016).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of mental health disorders are caused entirely by an imbalance in gut bacteria. [SEP] Text: Abstract Histopathologically, amyloids are known as β-sheet rich extracellular protein deposits that are generally associated with neuro-degenerative diseases of mammals including α-synuclein observed in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Microorganisms have been reported for the production of similar proteins with functional physiological traits also termed as “functional amyloids” helping them in the invasion, biofilm formation, host-colonization, and even in immune activation. The gut-associated micro-flora is known to aggravate neuro-degeneration and disease progression. In the present work, the authors have analyzed the possibility of interaction between α-synuclein with functional amyloids using in silico tools (phylogeny, docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and visual MD visualization) and reviewed the reported (in vitro and in vivo) interactions. The interaction of functional amyloids and anti-Parkinsonian drugs with wild type α-synuclein (non-misfolded) was shown to be interacting with specific amino acids with the possibility of use of micro-biota even as psycho-biotics. Microbial exudates have been implicated with various disorders influencing human mental health with both negative and positive effects. The present review, analyzing the influence of gut-micro-flora crossing the gut-brain-axis, and enhancing the psycho-pathological health of the human brain can help future research in alleviating human mental health using the gut-brain axis. Keyword: Bacterial functional amyloids In silico Mental health Neuro-degeneration Psychobiotics α-synuclein Citation:. Effects of gut bacteria and their amyloids on mental health and neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease. J Biotech. 2023;11(3):38-46. Copyright: Author(s). This is an 1. than twenty different human amyloidosis diseases and other neurodegenerative disorders have been linked to misfolding of amyloid proteins and further aggregation and fibrillation. Parkinson’s disease (PD) (a neurodegenerative disease), has been associated with pathological amyloid- α-synuclein capable of aggregation and amyloidosis.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Ginseng is known for its potential adaptogenic effects. [SEP] Text: 1031391 Profiling of ginsenosides in the two medicinal Panax herbs based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry vol. 5, 10. 1186/s40064-016-3427-3 Ginseng and Ginsenoside-Rb1/-Rg1 by Suppressing Th1 and Th17 Cells and T Cells vol. 53, 10. 1007/s12035-015-9131-4 Effects of medicinal plants on Alzheimer's disease and memory deficits vol. 12, 10. 4103/1673-5374. 205108 Ginsenoside Rg1 Abnormalities and Modulates the Change in Mice of Alzheimer’s Disease vol. 2017, 10. 1155/2017/6473506 Efficacy and Tolerability of Phytomedicines in Patients: A Review vol. 31, 10. 1007/s40263-017-0466-4 Exploring the Effect of Ginsenoside Rh1 in a Sleep Deprivation-Model vol. 31, 10. 1002/ptr. 5797 Ultra-fast liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry determination of eight bioactive components of Kai-Xin-San in rat plasma and its application to a comparative pharmacokinetic study in normal and Alzheimer's disease rats vol. 40, 10. 1002/jssc. 201601343 Complete genome sequencing of Arachidicoccus ginsenosidimutans sp. nov. , and its application for production of minor ginsenosides by finding a novel ginsenoside-transforming β-glucosidase vol. 7, 10. 1039/C7RA02612A Ginsenoside-Rb1-Mediated Anti-angiogenesis via Regulating PEDF and miR-33a through the Activation of PPAR-γ Pathway vol. 8, 10. 3389/fphar. 2017. 00783 Inhibition of Autophagy is Involved in the of Ginsenoside Rb1 on Injury 10. 1007/s10571-017-0527-8 Terpenoids as promising therapeutic molecules against Alzheimer’s disease: amyloid beta- and acetylcholinesterase-directed pharmacokinetic and molecular docking analyses vol. 44, 10. 1080/08927022. 2017.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Prospects and Challenges of Graphene-to the statement made by IUPAC (of Pure and Applied Chemistry), graphene is distinguished as a carbon monolayer of the graphite structure. It can be described by analogy to a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon of quasi-infinite size. Over the past few years, graphene-based materials have gained immense attraction as next-generation material inherited with its better mechanical characteristics, excellent electrical conductivity and better thermal conductivity as contrasted with other similar materials. In the subsequent section, the new aspects of next-generation of supercapacitors with modified graphene materials including metal oxide/graphene composites, activated graphene, reduced graphene, doped graphene, and polymer/graphene composites will be reviewed and discussed. Moreover, advantages and drawbacks of these resultant composite materials applied in supercapacitor application are summarized in this 10. 21741/9781644900550-9 Part of the book on Graphene as Material for Supercapacitors 3852. [2] Q. Ke, J. Wang, Graphene-based materials for supercapacitor electrodes–A review, J. Materiomics 2 (2016) 37–54. [3] M. Gocyla, M. Pisarek, M. Holdynski, M. Opallo, Electrochemical detection of graphene oxide, Electrochem. Commun. 96 (2018) 77-82. [4] M. Ye, Z. Zhang, Y. Zhao, L. Qu, Graphene platforms for smart energy generation and storage, Joule 2 (2018) 245–268. [5] H. Zhang, H. Guo, A. Li, X. Chang, S. Liu, D. Liu, Y. Wang, F. Zhang, H. Yuan, High specific surface area porous graphene grids carbon as anode materials for sodium ion batteries, J. Energy Chem. 31 (2019) 159-166. [6] J. . tuning of graphene-oxide-based-graphene to various end-uses, Mater. 14 (2018) 8–21. [7] C. (John) Zhang, V. Nicolosi, Graphene and MXene-based transparent conductive electrodes and supercapacitors, Mater. 16 (2019) 102–125.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The majority of mental health disorders are caused entirely by an imbalance in gut bacteria. [SEP] Text: In diseases such as PD (α-synuclein), Alzheimer’s disease (amyloid-β), and transmissible spongiform encephalopathy’s (prions or Platelet-rich plasma [PrP]), the cause is typically related to the structural conversions due to misfolding of a single disease associated protein [7]. Pathological aggregation of α-syn, a neuronal protein has been characterized in many progressive and pathologically similar neurodegenerative disorders such as PD, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Both in PD and DLB, α-syn aggregation is seen as Lewy neuritis (LNs) and LBs, while in MSA it is detected as Glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCI) within oligo-dendrocytes. Presence of these aggregates of α-syn (LBs and GCIs) with p62 and ubiquitin (of components of machinery for protein degradation) triggers the pathological cascade leading to neuro-inflammation and severe neuro-degeneration characteristic of the said diseases [8]. The wild type and misfolded α-syn are shown in Figure 1a and b. Figure 1: Pathological and functional amyloide interactions. Structure of α-synuclein (a) Wild type (1XQ8) and (b) Misfolded (2N0A); Structure of amyloids analyzed here, (c) Bacillus subtilis (50F1) TasA amyloid, (d) Bacillus atropheus (BATR1942) TasA amyloid (e) Dinoroseobacter shibae DFL 12 (Dshi_4130), (f) Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki YBT-1520 TasA and (g) Streptococcus pyogenes MGAS15252; Common drugs of Parkinson’s disease analyzed in the present work - (h) Benztropine, (i) Bromocriptine, (j) Trihexyphenidyl, (k) Selegiline, and (l) Levodopa.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Ginseng is known for its potential adaptogenic effects. [SEP] Text: 1334880 Effects of Kyung-Ok-Ko on in vol. 19, 10. 1089/rej. 2015. 1787 Forestalling the Epidemics of Parkinson's Plant-vol. 5, 10. 3389/fnut. 2018. 00095 vol. 16, 10. 1111/pbi. 12926 -Mix on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264. 7 Cells vol. 21, 10. 1089/jmf. 2018. 4180 -induced neuronal apoptosis and inflammation by modulating MAPK/NF-κB pathway vol. 9, 10. 1039/C8FO00795K Effect and Safety of Formula (还脑益聪方) on Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Donepezil-10. 1007/s11655-018-3054-7 Gintonin, a Ginseng-from Hypoxic and Re-oxygenation Stimulation of 10. 1007/s12035-018-1308-1 of Taraxacum officinale Wigg. Extract on Glutamate-Stress in HT22 Cells via HO-1/Nrf2 Pathways vol. 10, 10. 3390/nu10070926 Multi-Effects of Gintonin in 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-of Parkinson’s Disease via Receptors vol. 9, 10. 3389/fphar. 2018. 00515 of Antioxidants in Huntington’s Disease: an 10. 1007/s12640-018-9989-9 in humans: Implications for research design and analysis 10. 1002/brb3. 1217 and its constituents, ginsenosides and gintonin, in neurological and neurodegenerative disorders: a patent review vol. 29, 10. 1080/13543776. 2019. 1556258 Characteristic study on the chemical components of Korean curved ginseng products vol. 37, 10. 5142/jgr. 2013. 37. 349 Panax ginseng is neuroprotective in a novel progressive model of Parkinson's disease vol. 50, pp. None, 2012, Chemical composition characteristics of Korean straight ginseng products vol.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: [8] H. G. Kang, J. exfoliation and activation of graphite into porous graphene using microwaves for high–performance supercapacitors, J. Alloys Compd. 770 (2019) 458–465. [9] S. Sheng, W. Liu, K. Zhu, K. Cheng, K. Ye, G. Wang, D. Cao, J. Yan, Fe3O4 nanospheres in situ decorated graphene as high-performance anode for asymmetric supercapacitor with impressive energy density, J. Sci. 536 (2019) 235–244. [10] capacitive characteristics of activated carbons—comparisons of the activation methods on the pore structure and effects of the pore structure and electrolyte on the capacitive performance, J. 159 (2006) 1532–1542. [11] Y. Li, M. van Zijll, S. Chiang, N. Pan, KOH modified graphene nanosheets for supercapacitor electrodes, J. 196 (2011) 6003–6006. [12] -doped graphene for high-performance ultracapacitors and the importance of nitrogen-doped sites at basal planes, Nano Lett. 11 (2011) 2472–2477. [13] X. Zhao, A. Wang, J. Yan, G. Sun, L. Sun, T. Zhang, Synthesis and electrochemical performance of heteroatom-incorporated ordered mesoporous carbons, Chem. Mater. 22 (2010) 5463–5473. [14] X. Zhao, Q. Zhang, C. M. Chen, B. Zhang, S. Reiche, A. Wang, T. Zhang, R. Schlögl, D. Sheng Su, Aromatic sulfide, sulfoxide, and sulfone mediated mesoporous carbon monolith for use in supercapacitor, 1 (2012) 624–630. [15] S. Shiraishi, M. Kibe, T. Yokoyama, H. Kurihara, N. Patel, A. Oya, Y. Kaburagi, Y.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The majority of mental health disorders are caused entirely by an imbalance in gut bacteria. [SEP] Text: [21] analyzed the protein sequences of apo-lipoprotein superfamily, a high level of conservation was revealed. This was assumed to be due to duplications of ancestral amino acid tandem repeats forming a number of structural features in the common background of the proteins. Thus indicating that during the evolution for various functions, the amyloid fold has been selected multiple times. As seen in a newly described class of FuBA, the amyloid formation can be an integral part of normal cellular physiology. Giraldo [3] studied the subtle differences among these functional amyloids with respect to pathogenic and transmissible amyloids especially RepA-WH1, a bacterial amyloidogenic functional protein controlling the plasmid replication [2]. 4. the evolutionary process, humans have developed a sturdy symbiotic relationship with their gut micro-biome consisting of a complex community of archaea, bacteria, protists and viruses (including bacteriophages). Each individual harbors unique set of gut bacteria that influence interpersonal heterogeneity. This micro-biota enhances the selective neurological disorders due to the metabolism of polyphenols that interfere with the key pathologic mechanisms. The accumulation of these flavonoid metabolites have the ability to interact with α-syn and play a major role in their misfolding, inflammations, α-synucleiopathies, and PD progression [21]. The conformational variation in Pseudomonad amyloid FapC can be used as a potential therapeutic target to understand the bacterial colonization and infection during Alzheimer’s disease [22]. Many bacteria among the mouth micro-flora have been reported for release of FuBA and extensive cases have been reported from Streptococcus mutans and other bacteria involved in periodontal infections [23-25]. Goya et al. [27] reported effect of B. subtilis strain PXN21 vegetative cells and spores as psychobiotics in inhibiting α-syn and synucleiopathy and recommend their use as dietary supplements. 5. --genesis has been known to be influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Recent evidences have suggested the acceleration of amyloid aggregation due to non-identical amyloid proteins as seen in prion proteins due to possible cross-interactions between heterologous amyloidogenic proteins leading to amyloidogenesis and related disease pathology [7,27,28].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Ginseng is known for its potential adaptogenic effects. [SEP] Text: 1, 10. 1016/j. jef. 2014. 11. 007 Protopanaxtriol protects against 3-nitropropionic acid-induced oxidative stress in a rat model of Huntington's disease vol. 36, 10. 1038/aps. 2014. 107 of of Medicine in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: A Review vol. 44, 10. 1142/s0192415x16500853 to and Treatments with Medicine vol. 2016, pp. None, 2016, Use of Gold Nanop10. 4014/jmb. 1604. 04034 Recent advances in biosynthesis of bioactive compounds in traditional Chinese medicinal plants vol. 61, 10. 1007/s11434-015-0929-2 Ginseng (Panax sp. ) proteomics: an update vol. 60, 10. 1007/s13765-017-0283-y Panax ginseng as an adjuvant treatment for Alzheimer's disease vol. 42, 10. 1016/j. jgr. 2017. 12. 008 of a Traditional Multi-Kyung-Ok-Ko in an of Parkinson's Disease: Inhibition of MAPKs and NF-κB Pathways and Activation of Keap1-Nrf2 Pathway vol. 9, pp. None, 2012, A Review of in vol. 8, 10. 15171/apb. 2018. 066 Chinese herbal medicine Qinggongshoutao for the treatment of amnestic mild cognitive impairment: A 52-week randomized controlled trial vol. 5, 10. 1016/j. trci. 2019. 03. 001 Ginsenosides Rg5 and Rk1 of Pediococcus pentosaceus HLJG0702: Effect on Scopolamine-Dysfunction in Mice vol. 11, 10. 3390/nu11051120ASK-1 and Activation of Nrf2-in Beta-Amyloid-Challenged SH-SY5Y Cells vol. 24, 10. 3390/molecules24152687 Ginsenoside Rb1 ameliorates CKD‐associated vascular calcification by inhibiting the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway vol. 23, 10. 1111/jcmm.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Tian, L. Wang, L. Sun, C. Chen, X. Nong, Y. Qiao, H. Fu, Highly concentrated, stable nitrogen-doped graphene for supercapacitors: Simultaneous doping and reduction, Appl. Surf. Sci. 258 (2012) 3438–3443. [31] Y. J. Kim, Y. Abe, T. Yanagiura, K. C. Park, M. Shimizu, T. Iwazaki, S. Nakagawa, M. Endo, M. S. Dresselhaus, Easy preparation of nitrogen-enriched carbon materials from peptides of silk fibroins and their use to produce a high volumetric energy density in supercapacitors, Carbon 45 (2007) 2116–2125. [32] N. D. Kim, W. Kim, J. B. Joo, S. Oh, P. Kim, Y. Kim, J. Yi, Electrochemical capacitor performance of N-doped mesoporous carbons prepared by ammoxidation, J. 180 (2008) 671–675. [33] T. E. Rufford, D. Hulicova-Jurcakova, Z. Zhu, G. Q. Lu, Nanoporous carbon electrode from waste coffee beans for high performance supercapacitors, Electrochem. Commun. 10 (2008) 1594–1597. [34] S. Liu, D. Lentz, C. C. Tzschucke, Conversion of pyridine N-oxides to tetrazolopyridines, J. Org. Chem. 79 (2014) 3249–3254. [35] T. Liao, C. Sun, A. Du, Z. Sun, D. Hulicova-Jurcakova, S. Smith, Charge carrier exchange at chemically modified graphene edges: A density functional theory study, J. Mater. Chem. 22 (2012) 8321. [36] R. Rajagopalan, A. Balakrishnan, Innovations in engineered porous materials for energy generation and storage applications, CRC Press, 2018. [37] K. N. Wood, R. O’hayre, S.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The majority of mental health disorders are caused entirely by an imbalance in gut bacteria. [SEP] Text: In recent years, lot of attention has been paid to the gut-brain axis with increasing data as symptomatic, physiological, and pathological findings accumulated [22]. The gut-brain bidirectional communication is controlled by the vagus nerve (VN) with the help of enteric nervous system (ENS). The neuro-pathological characteristic of PD is the widespread α-synucleiopathy in central and peripheral nervous systems including in ENS. The initiation of α-syn aggregation have also been linked to bacterial exudates of gut micro-biota in the ENS, which can then be transmitted to the CNS through VN in a prion-like manner [29]. Resident microbial community of the individual as micro-biota especially those capable of producing bacterial amyloids and other amphipathic metabolites have been known to influence the α-syn aggregation and influence the development of PD [30]. Microbial interaction with the VN and a similar cascade of event as given for neuro-pathological diseases has been reported for the action of psychobiotics in enhancing the mental health [31]. As seen in Figure 3, the interaction between bacterial amyloids with wild type α-synuclein resulted in specific regions being marked for repeated interactions [Figure 3a-e], which was correlating with the interaction potential of misfolded α-synuclein [Figure 3f]. Thus, the bacterial amyloids have the capability to interact with wild type α-synuclein and increase or decrease the progression of the PD in patients. Figure 3: Interaction of α-synuclein with bacterial functional amyloids. Docking studies for α-synuclein (1XQ8) with (a) Streptococcus pyogenes MGAS15252, (b) Dinoroseobacter shibae DFL 12 (Dshi_4130), (d) Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki YBT-1520 TasA, (e) Bacillus atropheus (BATR1942) TasA and B. subtilis (50F1) TasA amyloid (c and f). [Click here to view] Various bacterial functional amyloids are allowed in present work to interact with α-synuclein by docking studies using and using software and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations up to 100 ns for analyzing the interaction stability.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Ginseng is known for its potential adaptogenic effects. [SEP] Text: 14611 Pharmacists' and Patients' Knowledge and the Use of for Memory Impairment: A Cross-sectional Study from Jordan vol. 12, 10. 3923/ajsr. 2019. 524. 534 Compounds: against vol. 2020, pp. None, 2020, Effects of Ginseng on vol. 14, pp. None, 2012, The “Treatise on the spleen and stomach” ( Pí Wèi Lùn ) as the first record of multiple sclerosis in the medical literature – A hypothesis based on the analys vol. 10, 10. 1016/j. jtcme. 2020. 02. 009 of Ginsenoside Rg5 by in Diabetic db/db Mice vol. 68, 10. 1021/acs. jafc. 0c00605 Anti-of in Lipopolysaccharide-Macrophages and Adipocytes vol. 17, 10. 3390/ijerph17134716 Vitamins combined with traditional Chinese medicine for male infertility: A systematic review and meta‐analysis vol. 8, 10. 1111/andr. 12787 and Prospects for in vol. 2021, pp. None, 2012, of Phytoconstituents in Management of Alzheimer’s Disease vol. 2021, pp. None, 2012, Gintonin mitigates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by stabilization of Nrf2 signaling via stimulation of lysophosphatidic acid receptors vol. 93, pp. None, 2012, Description and Analysis of in the Database vol. 11, 10. 3390/biom11040486 Rg3-enriched Ginseng extract inhibits blood-brain barrier disruption in an animal model of multiple sclerosis by modulating expression of NADPH oxidase 2 and 4 vol. 45, 10. 1016/j. jgr. 2020. 09. 001 Phnomibacter ginsenosidimutans gen. nov. , sp. nov. , a novel glycoside hydrolase positive bacterial strain with ginsenoside hydrolysing activity vol. 71, 10. 1099/ijsem. 0. 004793 Ginseng affects ovalbumin-induced asthma by modulating IL-12, IL-4, and IL-6 levels and the NF-κB/COX-2 and PGE2 pathways vol.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Pylypenko, Recent progress on nitrogen/carbon structures designed for use in energy and sustainability applications, Energy Environ. Sci. 7 (2014) 1212-1249. [38] L. Zheng, H. Zheng, D. Huo, F. Wu, L. Shao, P. Zheng, Y. Jiang, X. Zheng, X. Qiu, Y. Liu, Y. Zhang, N-doped graphene-based copper nanocomposite with ultralow electrical resistivity and high thermal conductivity, Sci. Rep. 8 (2018) 9248. [39] N. E. Derradji, M. L. Mahdjoubi, H. Belkhir, N. Mumumbila, B. Angleraud, P. Y. Tessier, Nitrogen effect on the electrical properties of CNx thin films deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering, Films 482 (2005) 258–263. [40] J. . Rothenberg, D. Eisenberg, Boosting the supercapacitance of nitrogen-doped carbon by tuning surface functionalities, ChemSusChem 10 (2017) 4018–4024. [41] M. An, C. Du, L. Du, Y. Sun, Y. Wang, C. Chen, G. Han, G. Yin, Y. Gao, Phosphorus-doped graphene support to enhance electrocatalysis of methanol oxidation reaction on platinum nanop8. [42] Y. Wen, B. Wang, C. Huang, L. Wang, D. Hulicova-Jurcakova, Synthesis of phosphorus-doped graphene and its wide potential window in aqueous supercapacitors, Chem. Eur. J. 21 (2015) 80–85. [43] M. Y. Rekha, N. Mallik, C. Srivastava, on alloy nanop8737. [44] L. Sun, J. Liu, Z. Liu, T. Wang, H. Wang, Y. Li, Sulfur-doped mesoporous carbon via thermal reduction of CS2 by Mg for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes and Li-ion battery anodes, RSC Adv.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The majority of mental health disorders are caused entirely by an imbalance in gut bacteria. [SEP] Text: Olsen [25] reported the link between the biomolecules (amphi-philes and proteins) released by Peridontotitis causative Porphyromonas gingivalis in enhancing the systemic inflammation and neuro-inflammation seen in AD and PD. The evidences suggest that the α-syn inclusions undergo template directed aggregation propagation (template-directed) among the brain and peripheral organs in a prion-like manner. Reports of integral loop of transmission of α-syn as a prionoid from periphery to the brain via specific pathways [9]. It is important to analyze and investigate other aspects of cross-reactivity among the bacterial functional amyloids and human pathological amyloids (α-synuclein) to understand the underlying mechanisms and to develop new treatments depending on the altered gut microbiome [28]. 25 major bacterial functional amyloid sequences were collected (from GenBank) and were used to build homology models (using Swissmodel, Phyre2 and -X servers and analyzed for protein parameters on Protparam site) [4]. The models were submitted to PMDB [1] and five among the models were selected for further analysis. The models were chosen according to their presence in the time tree clustering. Other than Curli and proteins from E. coli (E. coli K12 CsgA protein [P28307]) and Bacillus species (B. thuringiensis serovar kurstaki YBT-1520 (PBMB7635_08) and Bacillus atropheus 1942 (BATR1942_10625)), respectively, amyloid models were chosen from S. pyogenes MGAS15252 (MGAS15252_1626) and D. shibae DFL12 (Dshi_4130). The five selected amyloids were further analyzed by the MD simulation studies. Computational modeling is a tool that can complement and predict the time consuming and expensive in vitro experiments on the stability of amyloid oligomers and their assembly. MD simulation studies have potential to identify the stability determining factors of amyloid proteins oligomers [34]. the protein dimensions can be treated by considering a series of physiological parameters. This can be used for MD simulation of the effects on the protein molecule [4,5]. 6.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Ginseng is known for its potential adaptogenic effects. [SEP] Text: Reviews. 31, 320-329 (2000). and McMurray, N. : Stress and psychosis: towards the development of new models of investigation. Review. 27, 307-317 (2007) Tsigos, C. and Chrousos, G. P. : Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neuroendocrine factors and stress. J. of Psychosomatic Research. 53, 865-871 (2002) Neveu, P. J. , Delrue, C. , and Cabib, S. : Influence of brain and behavioral lateralization in brain: Monoaminergic, neuroendocrine and immune stress responses. Annals of the Academy of Sciences. 741, 271-282 (1994) Pijl, H. and Meinders E. A. : Modulation of monoaminergic neural circuits: potential for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Treatments in Endocrinology. 1, 71-78 (2002) Kalia, M. : Neurobiological basis of depression: an update. Metabolism. 54, 24-27 (2005) Jayanthi, L. D. and Ramamoorthy, S. : Regulation of monoamine transporters: influence of psychostimulants and therapeutic antidepressants. . 27, 728-738 (2005) Rege, N. N. , Thatte, U. M. and Dahanukar, S. A. : Adaptogenic properties of six rasayana herbs used in Ayurvedic medicine. Phytotherapy Research. 13, 275-291 (1999) Bhattacharya, S. K. and Murugandam, A. V. : Adaptogenic activity of Withania somnifera: an experimental study using a rat model of chronic stress. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 75, 547-555 (2003) Reay, J. L. , Kennedy, D. O. and Scholey, A. B. : Effects of Panax ginseng, consumed with and without glucose, on blood glucose levels and cognitive performance during sustained 'mentally demanding' tasks. J. Psychopharmacol. 20, 771-781 (2006) Rausch, W. D. , Liu, S. , Gille, G. and Radad, K.

Output: pass