Input: Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: 5% Triton X-100, 20 μl/ml protease inhibitor cocktail (Sigma, Taufkirchen, Germany). Elk1 activation assay293 cells have been transiently cotransfected with 1 μg pFR-Luc (Stratagene, Offenbach, Germany) and 50 ng pFA2-Elk1 (PathDetect in vivo signal transduction pathway trans-reporting systems, Stratagene, Offenbach, Germany) with or without 1 μg of the indicated plasmids coding for HIPK2. 50 ng of pFC-MEK1 (Stratagene, Offenbach, Germany) served as positive control. After 24 h cells were starved for 8 h. Then lysophosphatidic acid (Sigma, Taufkirchen, Germany) was added to a final concentration of 10 μM for 30 min. Cells lysis and measurement of luciferase activity were done according to the instructions for the luciferase assay system (Promega, Mannheim, Germany). p53 and NFκB activation assay293 or HeLa cells have been transiently cotransfected with 1 μg pNF-κB-Luc (PathDetect in vivo signal transduction pathway cis-reporting systems, Stratagene, Offenbach, Germany) with or without 1 μg of the indicated plasmids coding for HIPK2. 50 ng of pFC-MEKK (Stratagene, Offenbach, Germany) served as positive control for activation of NFκB-mediated transcription. For measuring activation of p53, 1 μg pf p53-Luc (PathDetect in vivo signal transduction pathway cis-reporting systems, Stratagene, Offenbach, Germany) has been used for cotransfection instead of pNF-κB-Luc. The positive control for activation of p53-mediated transcription was 50 ng pFC-p53 (Stratagen, Offenbach, Germany), which contains the p53 cDNA under the control of a cytomegalovirus promoter. Cells were collected after 24 h. Cell lysis and measurement of luciferase activity were done according to the instructions for the luciferase assay system (Promega, Mannheim, Germany). Western blottingHeLa or Saos2 cells were transiently transfected with either the vector pcDNA3.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: It allows for precise modifications to improve crop yield and nutrient content. [SEP] Text: Because weed cover was unaffected, and increased insect infestation did not result in increased leave damage, we conclude that the positive effects on yield were the result of directly improved germination and tillering rather than changes in plant competition or pest damage. Interestingly, the observed increase in biomass is different from what was observed in an earlier greenhouse study (Cadot et al. , 2021a). This discrepancy is partially explained by the fact that the greenhouse study investigated individual plant performance and did thus not take into account germination effects. Clearly, agriculturally relevant field experiments are useful and necessary to quantify the costs and benefits of plant-soil feedbacks for sustainable agriculture. In crop rotations the identity of the preceding crop is known to affect growth, tiller density, yield, and kernel protein content of wheat (Anderson, 2008; Rieger et al. , 2008; Sieling and Christen, 2015). Our work expands this knowledge by demonstrating that the release of chemicals by the preceding crop is sufficient to enhance overall crop yield through enhanced germination and tillering. Although higher plant densities are often associated with lower grain quality (Bastos et al. , 2020), we found that the yield increase did not affect physical parameters, grain micronutrient composition, grain quality, and baking quality. The increase in yield of 4–5% is equivalent to more than two years of breeding (et al. , 2020), and represents a true advantage because quality remained constant without additional agricultural inputs. Benzoxazinoid exudation and responsiveness to benzoxazinoid soil conditioning are thus promising targets for future breeding efforts. Future crop rotations could be designed using varieties that are optimized for such traits. One can for instance envisage a scenario where high benzoxazinoid maize hybrids are selected specifically to precede highly responsive wheat cultivars. Future field experiments will have to evaluate how other crops respond to benzoxazinoid conditioning in the field and how generalizable the obtained results are across different years and locations. Furthermore, a better understanding of the genetic basis of benzoxazinoid exudation will be helpful to boost the release of benzoxazinoids into the soil. Such work will help to further unlock the potential of plant-soil feedbacks for the much needed sustainable intensification of agriculture (Hunter et al. , 2017; Mariotte et al. , 2018).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Genetic testing can predict all future health problems with absolute certainty. [SEP] Text: JAMA Oncol 2016;2:104–111. variants in targeted tumor sequencing using matched normal DNA. JAMA Oncol 2016;2:104–111. 10. 1001/jamaoncol. 2015. 520826556299)| falseSearch 29. ↑ Mutation detection in patients with advanced cancer by universal sequencing of cancer-related genes in tumor and normal DNA vs guideline-based germline testing. JAMA 2017;318:825–835. detection in patients with advanced cancer by universal sequencing of cancer-related genes in tumor and normal DNA vs guideline-based germline testing. JAMA 2017;318:825–835. 10. 1001/jama. 2017. 1113728873162)| falseSearch 30. ↑Meric- Incidental germline variants in 1000 advanced cancers on a prospective somatic genomic profiling protocol. 2016;27:795–800. CrossrefPubMedMeric-germline variants in 1000 advanced cancers on a prospective somatic genomic profiling protocol. 2016;27:795–800. 10. 1093/annonc/mdw01826787237)| falseSearch 31. ↑Seifert BA, O’Daniel JM, Amin K, et al. Germline analysis from tumor-germline sequencing dyads to identify clinically actionable secondary findings. Res 2016;22:4087–4094. ’analysis from tumor-germline sequencing dyads to identify clinically actionable secondary findings. Res 2016;22:4087–4094. 10. 1158/1078-0432. CCR-16-001527083775)| falseSearch 32. ↑ Pathogenic germline variants in 10,389 adult cancers. Cell 2018;173:355–370. e14. germline variants in 10,389 adult cancers. Cell 2018;173:355–370. e14. 10. 1016/j. cell. 2018. 03. 03929625052)| falseSearch 33. ↑ Prospective genomic profiling of prostate cancer across disease states reveals germline and somatic alterations that may affect clinical decision making. JCO 2017;2017:PO. 17. 00029. genomic profiling of prostate cancer across disease states reveals germline and somatic alterations that may affect clinical decision making. JCO 2017;2017:PO. 17. 00029. 2882505410. 1200/PO.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: 1-zeo+ (Invitrogen, Groningen, The Netherlands), the p53 (pFC-p53, Stratagene, Offenbach, Germany) or the HIPK2 expression construct. Cells were harvested 20–30 h following transfection and lysed in 100 μl of lysis buffer (20 mpH 7. 4, 150 mM NaCl, 5 mM EDTA, 10% glycerol, 0. 5% Triton X-100, 20 μl/ml protease inhibitor cocktail (Sigma, Taufkirchen, Germany)). The protein concentration was determined by the BCA-Pierce-kit according to the protocol of the manufacturer. analysis, 20–30 μg of protein was separated on 10–20% gradient gels (Bio-) and blotted onto nitrocellulose membranes (Amersham-Pharmacia, Freiburg, Germany) according to standard protocols. The monoclonal anti-p53 antibody DO-7 and the monoclonal anti-p21 (Waf1/Cip1) antibody SX118 were purchased from Phar(Hamburg, Germany), the polyclonal anti-Bax antibody Ab-1 (150-165) from Calbiochem (Schwalbach, Germany), the polyclonal phospho-p53 (Ser 15) (Ab-3), phospho-p53 (Ser 392) (Ab-4) and the monoclonal Mdm2 (Ab-1) antibodies from OncogeneTM (Schwalbach, Germany) research products, the polyclonal phospho-p53 (Ser 20) from New(Frankfurt, Germany), the monoclonal anti-Flag antibody M2 from Stratagene (Offenbach, Germany) and the monoclonal anti-β-actin antibody AC-15 from Sigma (Taufkirchen, Germany). An anti-mouse secondary IgG1 antibody coupled to horseraddish peroxidase (Biotechnology, Heidelberg. Germany) was used at a dilution 1:5000. Antibody reactive bands were detected by using the enhanced chemiluminescence Western detection system (Amersham-Pharmacia, Freiburg, Germany).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: It allows for precise modifications to improve crop yield and nutrient content. [SEP] Text: Plant-soil feedbacks can be triggered by different mechanisms (Bennett and Klironomos, 2019): the first plant generation changes soil chemistry (Schandry and Becker, 2020), root-associated microbiota (Bever et al. , 2012) or their interaction, with changes in chemistry mediating changes in microbiota (Hu et al. , 2018b; Yu et al. , 2021). The persistence of chemical and microbiological changes is seen as a key factor in this context. It has been proposed that chemical changes may be more short lived than microbial changes, as plant secondary metabolites can be degraded rapidly (Bennett and Klironomos, 2019). In line with previous studies, we found benzoxazinoids alter the composition of root-associated microbes (Hu et al. , 2018b; Cotton et al. , 2019; Kudjordjie et al. , 2019; Cadot et al. , 2021b). However, these effects disappeared by the end of the vegetative growth of the next crop. By contrast, the benzoxazinoid chemical fingerprint persisted across both cultivation periods. AMPO, a microbial degradation product with a half life of months (Macías et al. , 2004; Niemeyer, 2009), was found in higher concentrations in benzoxazinoid conditioned soils of all three wheat varieties. Thus, we conclude that the benzoxazinoid chemical fingerprint is more long-lived that the change in the microbial fingerprint. Microbial community changes may still have contributed to plant-soil feedback effects, as many of the late phenotypes (Figure 5, Figure 6) were explained by initial differences in germination and tillering, where transient microbiome effects could still have been stronger. More research is needed to disentangle the relative importance of chemical and microbial fingerprints which will aid to optimize the design of agroecologically smart crop rotations. study presents a proof of concept for the utilization of plant root exuded metabolites to increase agricultural yield without additional external inputs. Our findings open new avenues to optimize plant traits in crop rotations for a more sustainable agriculture. Future studies with different varieties and crop species and in a wider range of soils and under various farming regimes will help to unravel the generalizability and applicability of using exudate-mediated plant-soil feedbacks in sustainable agriculture.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Genetic testing can predict all future health problems with absolute certainty. [SEP] Text: 17. 00029)| falseSearch 34. ↑ Prevalence of germline mutations in cancer susceptibility genes in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. JAMA Oncol 2018;4:1228–1235. of germline mutations in cancer susceptibility genes in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. JAMA Oncol 2018;4:1228–1235. 2997818710. 1001/jamaoncol. 2018. 1986)| falseSearch 35. ↑ Cancer susceptibility mutations in patients with urothelial malignancies. J 2020;38:406–414. susceptibility mutations in patients with urothelial malignancies. J 2020;38:406–414. 10. 1200/JCO. 19. 0139531794323)| falseSearch 36. ↑ Comprehensive cancer-predisposition gene testing in an adult multiple primary tumor series shows a broad range of deleterious variants and atypical tumor phenotypes. 2018;103:3–18. cancer-predisposition gene testing in an adult multiple primary tumor series shows a broad range of deleterious variants and atypical tumor phenotypes. 2018;103:3–18. 10. 1016/j. ajhg. 2018. 04. 013)| falseSearch 37. ↑ Characterization of patients with multiple primary tumors [abstract]. J 2020;38(Suppl): Abstract 1502. of patients with multiple primary tumors [abstract]. J 2020;38(Suppl): Abstract 1502. 10. 1200/JCO. 2020. 38. 15_suppl. 1502)| falseSearch 38. ↑Real-time genomic characterization of metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors has prognostic implications and identifies potential germline actionability. JCO Precis Oncol;2018:PO. 17. 00267. -time genomic characterization of metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors has prognostic implications and identifies potential germline actionability. JCO Precis Oncol;2018:PO. 17. 00267. 10. 1200/PO. 17. 0026730687805)| falseSearch 39. ↑ Microsatellite instability is associated with the presence of Lynch syndrome pan-cancer. J 2019;37:286–295. instability is associated with the presence of Lynch syndrome pan-cancer. J 2019;37:286–295. 3037642710. 1200/JCO. 18.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: Fluorometric protein quantification was done by excitation at 485 nm and emission measurement at 510 nm of cellular extracts in a fluorometer (Victor, Wallac, Freiburg, Germany). For reprobing, membranes were treated with stripping buffer (62. 5 mM Tris-HCl pH 6. 7, 2% SDS, 100 mM β-mercaptoethanol) at 50°C for 30 min. Quantitative TaqMan RT--PCR (real time PCR) was carried out by Toplab GmbH (München, Germany) by using an 7700. Sequence specific internal Primers were labelled with FAM/TAMRA. Endogenous reference mRNA was human GAPDH mRNA. AbbreviationsHIPK2: homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 MAP: mitogen-activated protein Mdm2: murine double minute clone 2. 1399. CAS PubMed 53. Oncogene. 1999, 18: 7706-7717. 10. 1038/sj. onc. 1202952239. 10. 1002/(SICI)1097-4652(199911)181:2<231::AID-JCP5>3. 0. CO;2-L331. 6034. 10. 1074/jbc. 274. 51. 360312. Nature. 1997, 387: 299-303. 10. 1038/387299a029. 10. 1016/S0378-1119(99)00487-4310. 10. 1038/350426755879. 10. 1074/jbc. 273. 40. 258757377. 10. 1074/jbc. 275. 10. 73731. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1999, 96: 12350-12355. 10. 1073/pnas. 96. 22. 1235053. Nat. Genet. 1992, 1: 45-49. 1542. 53. J. Virol. 1993, 67: 3111-3117. 1650. CAS PubMed 468. 1132. 7655. 10. 1038/sj. onc. 12030159283. 10. 1074/jbc. 275. 13. 92781758. 53. Proc.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: It allows for precise modifications to improve crop yield and nutrient content. [SEP] Text: While in terms of fodder yield, highest was obtained under hybrid sorghum + hybrid bajra-oats + sarson (hybrid) cropping sequence followed by hybrid sorghum + hybrid bajra-ryegrass + berseem. Highest maize grain equivalent yield was obtained with okra-turnip-tomato crop sequence. All other treatments remained superior in comparison to the maize-wheat crop sequence. Maize + soybean-chickpea + linseed emerged to be the best treatment with the highest benefit cost ratio. The treatment comprising okra-turnip-tomato sequence also proved to be the second-best treatment followed by hybrid sorghum + hybrid bajra-oats + sarson (hybrid). Sunhemp-vegetable pea-frenchbean recorded the highest uptake of the available nutrients from soil which was followed by babycorn-broccoli-frenchbean. There was net loss of available nutrients although the loss was less in the sequences with multiple crops during the year. The treatments had no significant effect on the pH and organic carbon content of the soil. crop sequencesCerealDiversificationEconomicsFodderNutrient uptakea large number of crops are grown due to diverse agro-climatic conditions. At present, among cereal-based cropping systems, rice-wheat, rice-rice, pearl millet-wheat, maize-wheat and sorghum-wheat are the major cropping systems and occupy 85 per cent area. The continuous cultivation of these existing cropping systems resulted in reduced soil fertility and predominance of specific weeds (Katyal, 2003). Under the evolving agricultural scenario, crop diversification emerges as a major component for the sustainable production. In the peri-urban interface, the inclusion of high-value crops into the maize-based intercropping or sequential cropping systems proved to be profitable and remunerative (Singh, 2006). Cropping systems, including crop diversification, intercropping etc. greatly impact soil health and quality. Usually cropping systems are designed to maximise yield putting strain on the available soil resources, but modern agriculture has become increasingly concerned about the sustainability of the system in order to attain long-term stable productivity (Vukicevich et al. , 2016; Farigone et al. , 2018).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Genetic testing can predict all future health problems with absolute certainty. [SEP] Text: 00283)| falseSearch 40. ↑ Prospective evaluation of germline alterations in patients with exocrine pancreatic neoplasms. J Inst 2018;110:1067–1074. evaluation of germline alterations in patients with exocrine pancreatic neoplasms. J Inst 2018;110:1067–1074. 2950612810. 1093/jnci/djy024)| falseSearch 41. ↑Salo-Mullen EE, O’ Identification of germline genetic mutations in patients with pancreatic cancer. Cancer 2015;121:4382–4388. CrossrefPubMedSalo-Mullen EE, O’of germline genetic mutations in patients with pancreatic cancer. Cancer 2015;121:4382–4388. 2644092910. 1002/cncr. 29664)| falseSearch 42. ↑ Maintenance olaparib for germline BRCA-mutated metastatic pancreatic cancer. N Med 2019;381:317–327. olaparib for germline BRCA-mutated metastatic pancreatic cancer. N Med 2019;381:317–327. 3115796310. 1056/NEJMoa1903387)| falseSearch 43. ↑ Tumour lineage shapes BRCA-mediated phenotypes. Nature 2019;571:576–579. lineage shapes BRCA-mediated phenotypes. Nature 2019;571:576–579. 10. 1038/s41586-019-1382-131292550)| falseSearch 44. ↑. Mosaicism in health and disease—clones picking up speed. Genet 2017;18:128–142. . Mosaicism in health and disease—clones picking up speed. Genet 2017;18:128–142. 2794186810. 1038/nrg. 2016. 145)| falseSearch 45. ↑ Prevalence of clonal hematopoiesis mutations in tumor-only clinical genomic profiling of solid tumors. JAMA Oncol 2018;4:1589–1593. of clonal hematopoiesis mutations in tumor-only clinical genomic profiling of solid tumors. JAMA Oncol 2018;4:1589–1593. 2987286410. 1001/jamaoncol. 2018. 2297)| falseSearch 46.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Environmental psychology can predict individual behavior with high accuracy. [SEP] Text: -19 PreprintsProtocolsVideosJournalsTools & a 10. 21203/rs. 2. 11709/v1This work is licensed under a CC BY 4. 0 LicenseStatus:Published21 Oct, 2020Read the published version in →Version 1posted You are reading this latest preprint versionAbstractBackground: Meningiomas, the most common adult brain tumors, recur in up to half of cases[1–3]. This requires timely intervention and therefore accurate risk assessment of recurrence is essential. Our current practice relies heavily on histological grade and extent of surgical excision to predict meningioma recurrence. However, prediction accuracy can be as poor as 50% for low or intermediate grade tumors, which constitute more than 90% of all cases. Moreover, attempts to find molecular markers, particularly for predicting recurrence of intermediate tumors have been impeded by low[4] or heterogenous[5–8] genetic signal. We therefore sought to apply systems-biology approaches to transcriptomic data to better predict meningioma recurrence. Methods: We apply gene co-expression networks to a cohort of 252 adult patients from the publicly-available genetic repository Omnibus. Resultant gene clusters (“modules”) were represented by the first principle component of their expression levels, and their ability to predict recurrence assessed with a logistic regression model. External validation was done using an independent merged cohort of 108 patients using the same modules. We used the bioinformatics database DAVID[9] to examine the gene ontology associations of each module. Results: Using gene co-expression analysis, we were able predict tumor recurrence with high accuracy using a single module which mapped to cell cycle-related functions (AUC of 0. 81 ± 0. 09 in external validation). Further, the module maintained its accuracy with removal of up to 20 of it’s most individually predictive genes, suggesting robustness against noise at the single gene level. Conclusions: With the easy accessibility of gene panels in healthcare diagnostics, our results offer a basis for routine molecular testing in meningioma management. Cancer BiologyOncologyMeningiomabioinformaticstranscriptomicssystems biologyrecurrence predictionFiguresFigure 1Figure 2Figure 3BackgroundMeningiomas constitute approximately 34% of all brain tumors, affect 3% of the adult population[10] with an incidence rate of 8.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: It allows for precise modifications to improve crop yield and nutrient content. [SEP] Text: The higher maize grain equivalent yield of 33,376 kg/ha was achieved under okra-turnip-tomato cropping sequence which was tailgated by baby corn-broccoli-frenchbean cropping sequence (25,375 kg/ha). Maize-wheat cropping sequence produced the lowest equivalent yield of 7,719 kg/ha. Okra-turnip-tomato gave 4. 32 times higher equivalent yield in contrast to the traditional cropping system. The higher equivalent yields were owing to more tonnage of vegetable crops substituting the traditional crop (Table 2). The vegetables have a higher market price than the cereal crops which ended in higher equivalent yield as opposed to the cereal-cereal crop sequence. Mukherjee (2016) and Singh et al. , (1979) observed similar trend for the equivalent yield in multiple cropping system over the traditional cropping system. Table 1: Yield of individual crops under different treatments. Table 2: pH, EC and OC under different treatments. Effect on pH, electrical conductivity and organic carbon Soil under different cropping sequences was analysed for their soil properties (Table 3) and no significant differences were observed in pH and organic carbon content. Electrical conductivity in surface soil ranged from 0. 050-0. 108 dS/m. The conventional cropping sequence, maize-wheat (T1), resulted in the highest electrical conductivity (0. 108 dS/m) while the lowest electrical conductivity (0. 050 ds/m) was recorded under Maize-gobhi sarson + toria cropping sequence (T2). Smaller amounts of soluble salts may be attributed to excessive leaching in lower soil profiles. EC in the normal range (0. 05-0. 70 dS/m) have also been reported by Loria et al. , (2015) in Shiwalik hills. Table 3: Effect of different treatments on available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil. Effect on available NPK Soil samples were analysed to determine the initial as well as final nutrient status of the system and increase in available soil nutrients under the influence cropping sequence was recorded. In soil, mean values of available N, P and K ranged from 319. 19-376. 86 kg/ha, 40. 56-48. 57 kg/ha and 129. 44-185. 68 kg/ha (Table 4).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Genetic testing can predict all future health problems with absolute certainty. [SEP] Text: ↑ Cascading after peridiagnostic cancer genetic testing: an alternative to population-based screening. J 2020;38:1398–1408. after peridiagnostic cancer genetic testing: an alternative to population-based screening. J 2020;38:1398–1408. 3192292510. 1200/JCO. 19. 02010)| falseSearch 2021. Disclosures: Dr. Liu has disclosed receiving grant/research support from AstraZeneca and GlaxoSmithKline/Tesaro. Dr. Stadler has disclosed having an immediate family member who serves as a consultant in ophthalmology for Alcon, Adverum Biotechnologies, Allergan, Genentech/and RegenexBio. Disclaimer: The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. Funding: This work was supported by funding from the NIH (MSKCC is supported by the NCI under P30 CA008748). Correspondence: Zsofia K. of 300 East 66th Street, 10th Floor, New York, NY 10065. Email: stadlerz@mskcc. org this content Copy this link, or click below to email it to a friend Email this content or copy the link directly: The link was not copied. Your current browser may not support copying via this button. Link copied successfullyCopy link of the : 1540-1405 Online ISSN: 1540-1413 Publisher: 1. Pros and cons of tumor-only versus paired tumor-normal genetic testing. This figure depicts the results of germline, tumor, and paired tumor-normal sequencing and displays how paired sequencing allows the differentiation of germline (red) versus somatic (blue) results. Abbreviation: MSI, microsatellite instability. raw image Figure 1. Pros and cons of tumor-only versus paired tumor-normal genetic testing. This figure depicts the results of germline, tumor, and paired tumor-normal sequencing and displays how paired sequencing allows the differentiation of germline (red) versus somatic (blue) results. Abbreviation: MSI, microsatellite instability. 1. Offit K. Decade in review—genomics: a decade of discovery in cancer genomics. 2014;11:632–634. CrossrefPubMedOffit K.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Environmental psychology can predict individual behavior with high accuracy. [SEP] Text: 36 and 3. 61 per 100,000 person years in females and males respectively [11]. For over half a century, the prediction of meningioma recurrence has relied solely upon histological features[11] (Organization grading from I to III) and degree of surgical excision [1]. While about 70-80% of fully excised WHO grade I meningiomas do not recur, 20-30% recur over follow-up with half of the recurrences occurring before the tenth year and half after ten years[12]. For WHO grade II lesions completely excised, histology predicts a recurrence of 50% over 5 years [2] and a disease specific survival rate of 69% over 10 years [3]. Given the inherent inaccuracy of histology to predict recurrence, all patients consequently require lifelong monitoring with expensive MRI imaging and clinical follow-up, essentially transforming meningioma into a “chronic disease”. Not only does this represent a significant financial burden but the stress and strain on the psychological well-bring of patients is substantial as they live with the constant uncertainty as to whether the tumor will recur, face future morbidity or require more treatment. It is therefore critical to develop better methods designed to assess the risk of recurrence that take into account the intrinsic biology of the patient’s meningioma. The genetic landscape of meningiomas is the next frontier to our understanding of their biology and its relation to disease recurrence. While some studies have identified chromosomal rearrangements [13], mutations in genes TERT [14], ATK1 [15], SMO [16] and DNA methylation [8] as correlates of tumor recurrence, none of these have successfully translated into routine clinical practice. In addition, studies on transcriptomics have been limited by low signal. However alternative methodology exists to effectively capture additive biological effects and relate them to complex clinical traits [17–19]. Such methods may help extract translatable markers of meningioma recurrence. Gene co-expression networks are an emerging technique used to detect patterns in transcriptomics by incorporating additive signal from relatively low gene expression levels [17, 18, 20]. The technique establishes gene similarity profiles based on shared connectivity and clusters into biologically similar groups called modules. A meta-gene is computed to summarize each module based on its gene expression levels and correlated to a clinical trait.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: It allows for precise modifications to improve crop yield and nutrient content. [SEP] Text: The order of available nitrogen as affected by cropping systems was 376. 86 kg ha-1 under dhaincha-cabbage-frenchbean sequence followed by sunhemp-vegetable pea-frenchbean (371. 27 kg ha-1) and hybrid sorghum + hybrid bajra-ryegrass + berseem (369. 59 kg ha-1). Lowest available nitrogen of 319. 19 kg ha-1 was reported under rice-wheat + gram cropping sequence followed by the traditional cropping sequence, maize-wheat (320. 45 kg/ha). Available phosphorous followed the order, Babycorn-broccoli-frenchbean sequence (48. 47 kg/ha) followed by a hybrid sorghum + hybrid bajra-ryegrass + berseem sequence (46. 81 kg/ha) of available phosphorus. The lowest available phosphorus of 40. 56 kg/ha under maize-gobhi sarson + toria followed by maize + soybean-chickpea + linseed (41. 33 kg/ha). Maize-wheat and rice-wheat + gram sequences showed almost similar available phosphorus (42. 60 and 42. 80, respectively) after the completion of experiment. Available potassium followed the order, 185. 68 kg/ha under okra-turnip-tomato sequence followed by hybrid sorghum + hybrid bajra-oats + sarson (hybrid)(163. 04 kg/ha) and babycorn-broccoli-frenchbean (154. 57 kg/ha) sequence. The lowest available potassium was reported with dhaincha-cabbage-frenchbean and rice-wheat + gram, 129. 44 and 132. 91 kg/ha, respectively. Comparatively higher nutrient status was observed in soils under vegetable cropping sequence which may be attributed to regular additions of NPK fertilizers and organic manures. Higher status of phosphorus status may be attributed to the fact the soils are slightly acidic in nature there by increasing the phosphorus reserves and making it available gradually. An intensive cropping system results in removal of nutrients from soil.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Genetic testing can predict all future health problems with absolute certainty. [SEP] Text: Decade in review—genomics: a decade of discovery in cancer genomics. 2014;11:632–634. 10. 1038/nrclinonc. 2014. 17025286975)| falseSearch 2. of policy statement update: genetic and genomic testing for cancer susceptibility. J 2015;33:3660–3667. of policy statement update: genetic and genomic testing for cancer susceptibility. J 2015;33:3660–3667. 10. 1200/JCO. 2015. 63. 0996)| falseSearch 3. Cancer genomics and inherited risk. J 2014;32:687–698. genomics and inherited risk. J 2014;32:687–698. 2444924410. 1200/JCO. 2013. 49. 7271)| falseSearch 4. Chen S, Parmigiani G. Meta-analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 penetrance. J 2007;25:1329–1333. . Meta-analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 penetrance. J 2007;25:1329–1333. 1741685310. 1200/JCO. 2006. 09. 1066)| falseSearch 5. Samadder NJ, Riegert-Johnson D, Boardman L, et al. Comparison of universal genetic testing vs guideline-directed targeted testing for patients with hereditary cancer syndrome. JAMA Oncol 2021;7:230–237. -Johnson D, Boardman L, Comparison of universal genetic testing vs guideline-directed targeted testing for patients with hereditary cancer syndrome. JAMA Oncol 2021;7:230–237. 3312624210. 1001/jamaoncol. 2020. 6252)| falseSearch 6. Mutational landscape of metastatic cancer revealed from prospective clinical sequencing of 10,000 patients. 2017;23:703–713. landscape of metastatic cancer revealed from prospective clinical sequencing of 10,000 patients. 2017;23:703–713. 2848135910. 1038/nm. 4333)| falseSearch 7. Collins FS, Varmus H. A new initiative on precision medicine. N Med 2015;372:793–795. . A new initiative on precision medicine. N Med 2015;372:793–795. 10. 1056/NEJMp150052325635347)| falseSearch 8. .

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Environmental psychology can predict individual behavior with high accuracy. [SEP] Text: Highly correlated meta-genes can then be used to predict a phenotype such as recurrence. With the affordability of gene expression profiling, meta-gene based diagnostics of tumor recurrence becomes feasible. With contribution of multiple module genes a meta-gene seeks to holistically represent a biological process. This multi-gene signature provides a robust against fluctuations of individual expression levels. In the current study we hypothesized the existence of meta-genes consisting of gene modules that predict tumor recurrence with high accuracy. By annotating modules correlated with recurrent phenotypes we aim to provide further insight into the underlying biology driving tumor recurrence in addition to the clinical application. MethodsData collection and pre-processing: We identified 17 studies containing meningioma gene expression data in the Omnibus (GEO)[21] with four datasets (GSE43290, GSE1658, GSE74385, and GSE16181) including annotated tumor recurrence (Table 1). Gene expression analysis for these studies was carried out using microarray platforms Genome U133A, Genome U133 Plus 2. 0, HT-12 V4. 0, and SU 912, respectively. Each study was background corrected, log2 transformed and quantile normalized except GSE16181, which had previously been pre-processed. After this step, we filtered to include only genes common to all four studies. Discovery was done using dataset GSE16181 and external validation was done using GSE43290, GSE1658 and GSE74385 datasets merged with ComBat, a well-established Bayesian batch correction tool[22]. Notably, gene expression matrices were globally scaled to a mean of 0 and standard deviation of 1 prior to merging, as previously suggested[23]. Gene module detection and meta-gene computation: Our analysis was based on the well-established Analysis (WGCNA), which has been described in detail elsewhere[18]. We first constructed an adjacency matrix with gene-gene Pearson correlations. Per convention, soft-thresholding was introduced by raising correlations to a common power (a hyperparameter, ß), which was selected as the lowest natural number for which the network approached scale-free topology (r2 ≥ 0. 9).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: It allows for precise modifications to improve crop yield and nutrient content. [SEP] Text: Table 4: Total nutrient uptake under different treatments Effect on the uptake of nutrients cropping sequences (Table 4) sunhemp-vegetable pea-frenchbean recorded the highest uptake of the nitrogen (199 kg/ha) which was followed by okra-turnip-tomato cropping sequence (177 kg/ha) and babycorn-broccoli-frenchbean (146 kg/ha). The traditional cropping system, maize-wheat, showed the lowest uptake of nitrogen (59 kg/ha) followed by hybrid sorghum + hybrid bajra-ryegrass + berseem (60 kg/ha) sequence. Phosphorus Okra-turnip-tomato cropping sequence showed significantly highest uptake of phosphorus (70 kg/ha) which was tailgated by babycorn-broccoli-frenchbean and sunhemp-vegetable pea-frenchbean with 60 and 51 kg/ha, respectively. While the traditional cropping sequence, maize-wheat was at par with dhaincha-cabbage-frenchbean sequence in terms of the uptake with 44 kg/ha. The lowest uptake of the nutrient 21 kg/ha, was registered with the hybrid sorghum + hybrid bajra-oats + sarson (hybrid) while maize-gobhi sarson + toria and rice-wheat+gram cropping sequences were at par with each other with 22 kg/ha. higher potassium uptake of 334 kg/ha was registered under sun hemp-vegetable pea-frenchbean which was followed by 265 kg/ha under babycorn-broccoli-frenchbean, dhaincha-cabbage-frenchbean (230 kg/ha) and okra-turnip-tomato (197 kg/ha) cropping sequences. The conventional cropping sequence, maize-wheat recorded the lowest potassium uptake of 50 kg/ha followed by 54 kg/ha under hybrid sorghum+hybrid bajra-oats+sarson (hybrid) sequence. Balance sheet of nitrogen All cropping sequences showed considerable loss in the available nitrogen (Table 5) except for the cropping sequence which included sunhemp-vegetable pea-frenchbean. The said sequence saw an increase of 166.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Genetic testing can predict all future health problems with absolute certainty. [SEP] Text: Implementing genome-driven oncology. Cell 2017;168:584–599. . Implementing genome-driven oncology. Cell 2017;168:584–599. 2818728210. 1016/j. cell. 2016. 12. 015)| falseSearch 9. Molecular landscape and actionable alterations in a genomically guided cancer clinical trial: Analysis for (NCI-MATCH). J 2020;38:3883–3894. landscape and actionable alterations in a genomically guided cancer clinical trial: Analysis for (NCI-MATCH). J 2020;38:3883–3894. 10. 1200/JCO. 19. 03010)| falseSearch 10. Mandelker D, Ceyhan-Birsoy O. Evolving significance of tumor-normal sequencing in cancer care. 2020;6:31–39. -Birsoy O. Evolving significance of tumor-normal sequencing in cancer care. 2020;6:31–39. 10. 1016/j. trecan. 2019. 11. 00631952779)| falseSearch 11. Trottier AM, Cavalcante de M, Li Z, et al. Somatic mutation panels: time to clear their names. 2019;235:84–92. de mutation panels: time to clear their names. 2019;235:84–92. 10. 1016/j. cancergen. 2019. 04. 06531101556)| falseSearch 12. Mandelker D. Toward concurrent testing for somatic and germline variants in cancer patients. Res 2016;22:3987–3988. CrossrefPubMedMandelker D. Toward concurrent testing for somatic and germline variants in cancer patients. Res 2016;22:3987–3988. 10. 1158/1078-0432. CCR-16-104327307597)| falseSearch 13. Mandelker D, Zhang L. The emerging significance of secondary germline testing in cancer genomics. J Pathol 2018;244:610–615. . The emerging significance of secondary germline testing in cancer genomics. J Pathol 2018;244:610–615. 10. 1002/path. 503129293272)| falseSearch 14. . The role of genetic counseling in familial and sporadic cancer: considerations, challenges, and collaboration.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Environmental psychology can predict individual behavior with high accuracy. [SEP] Text: The adjacency matrix was subsequently converted into a biologically-inspired topological overlap map (TOM), wherein pairwise gene similarities are based on comparing their connectivity profiles, a more meaningful measure than direct correlation[24]. Hierarchical clustering with superimposed hybrid adaptive tree cut[25], an unsupervised dendrogram cutting function, was applied to the TOM to identify biologically important gene modules. Finally, representative module “meta-genes” for each sample were calculated using principal component analysis; they are simply the projections of a sample’s modules’ gene expression values on their respective first principal components. Module investigation: We first used a multivariate logistic regression model to identify modules whose meta-gene expression levels differed significantly (p<0. 05) between recurrent and non-recurrent tumors when controlling for histological grade. In order to probe the biological function of relevant modules, we used the well-established and open-source Database for Annotation, Visualization and (DAVID)[9] to analyze their constituent gene lists. Recurrence classifier: A logistic regression classifier was used as our prediction model, with module meta-genes as regressors and recurrence as a binary response. The model was trained with the discovery cohort and tested with both 10-fold cross validation and external validation sets. Computational platform: All analysis was performed using R, an open-source platform for statistical computation and graphics[26]. ResultsWe firstly investigated the differential gene expression profile between recurrent and non-recurrent meningiomas in both cohorts, though no single genes were significantly different (log2 fold change >1 and p<0. 0001) in the validation cohort (Figure 1A). Co-expression networks revealed two gene modules (Figure 1B and C) with significant correlation to recurrence (Mann-Whitney p<0. 05): a “blue” module containing 220 genes and a “turquoise” module consisting of 299 genes. The meta-gene of each module was defined as the first principal component of its expression values[20](Supplementary figure 1). We next investigated whether the meta–genes could be used to predict meningioma recurrence and found good classifier performance with 10-fold cross validation using the “turquoise” module (AUC=0. 87 ±0. 04; Figure 2A).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Gene editing can turn any plant into a high-yield, nutrient-rich food source. [SEP] Text: AbstractGrowing tomatoes is an important aspect of agriculture around the world because of the positive effects it has on people’s health and the economy. Tomato breeders and growers have always been inspired by the market’s insatiable desire for high-yielding and high-quality tomatoes. Crop production, yield, and quality are all negatively affected by abiotic stress, which includes factors like drought, salinity, heat, and cold. As climate change alters weather patterns throughout the world, farmers around the world are increasingly worried about the effects of abiotic stress on their tomato crops. /Cas9 gene-editing tool has attracted attention as an alternative for solving the need for high-yield and superior-quality tomatoes, as well as for managing abiotic stress in tomato plants. This method of gene editing offers new possibilities for the development of stress-tolerant tomato varieties. The present book 41. 52 million tons in 2020, will expand to 51. 93 million tons in 2026 based on the universal scenario of tomato production [3]. Despite the fact that tomatoes have the potential to provide significant nutrition and income opportunities, it is crucial to address all possibilities associated with the application of genetic engineering to assure the feeding of the worldwide population as well as tomato growers’ benefits. /Cas9 is a robust genome editing tool that enables researchers to make targeted and precise changes to DNA sequences in a relatively short period of time when compared to conventional breeding techniques. /Cas9 system is a canonical genome editing system that consists of a shortened synthetic guide RNA (gRNA) sequence of 20 nucleotides that generates a complex with the Cas9 nuclease and guides it to a specific DNA sequence, in which it inserts a double-stranded break (DSB) [4]. Targeted genome editing (GE) technologies, particularly clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats ()/(-associated protein 9) (Cas9), have the ability to yield elite cultivars with higher resistance to biotic and abiotic stress [5]. /Cas9 is also exceptional due to its versatility and adaptability, which enables more precise editing of an organism’s own genes, making it a more natural and effective method for achieving desired characteristics [6].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Genetic testing can predict all future health problems with absolute certainty. [SEP] Text: Med 2017;167:884–885. . The role of genetic counseling in familial and sporadic cancer: considerations, challenges, and collaboration. Med 2017;167:884–885. 10. 7326/M17-251229086794)| falseSearch 15. of policy statement update: genetic and genomic testing for cancer susceptibility. J 2010;28:893–901. of policy statement update: genetic and genomic testing for cancer susceptibility. J 2010;28:893–901. 10. 1200/JCO. 2009. 27. 0660)| falseSearch 16. A computational approach to distinguish somatic vs. germline origin of genomic alterations from deep sequencing of cancer specimens without a matched normal. 2018;14:e1005965. computational approach to distinguish somatic vs. germline origin of genomic alterations from deep sequencing of cancer specimens without a matched normal. 2018;14:e1005965. 10. 1371/journal. pcbi. 100596529415044)| falseSearch 17. Yield and utility of germline testing following tumor sequencing in patients with cancer. 2020;3:e2019452. and utility of germline testing following tumor sequencing in patients with cancer. 2020;3:e2019452. 3302645010. 1001/jamanetworkopen. 2020. 19452)| falseSearch 18. Germline testing for patients with BRCA1/2 mutations on somatic tumor testing. 2019;4:pkz095. testing for patients with BRCA1/2 mutations on somatic tumor testing. 2019;4:pkz095. 10. 1093/jncics/pkz09532259017)| falseSearch 19. Points to consider for reporting of germline variation in patients undergoing tumor testing: a statement of the of and Genomics (ACMG). 2020;22:1142–1148. to consider for reporting of germline variation in patients undergoing tumor testing: a statement of the of and Genomics (ACMG). 2020;22:1142–1148. 3232199710. 1038/s41436-020-0783-8)| falseSearch 20. in Oncology: Genetic/Familial High-Risk Assessment: Breast, Ovarian and Pancreatic. Version 2. 2021. 12, 2021.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Environmental psychology can predict individual behavior with high accuracy. [SEP] Text: Importantly, this performance was preserved in the validation cohort (AUC = 0. 81 ± 0. 09; Figure 2B). We also investigated the classifier performance on the subset of grade 2 tumors, since predicting recurrence in these patients is limited by particularly high uncertainty. Our classifier maintained high accuracy with 10-fold cross validation (AUC = 0. 93 ± 0. 05; Figure 2C), though accuracy decreased with external validation (AUC = 0. 75 ± 0. 22; Figure 2D), using the turquoise module. This module was enriched in biological processes related to cell division and metabolism (Figure 3A). Adding the blue module did not contribute to overall model performance. The turquoise meta-gene maintained its predictive accuracy with concurrent removal of up to 20 of the most individually predictive module genes (Figure 3C), and a meta gene built from these genes performed equally to the meta gene of the full module (Figure 3D). To ensure our model is unbiased, we randomly perturbed recurrence labels in the validation cohort, which abolished model performance as expected (2). DiscussionWe have used a simple and robust approach to predicting meningioma recurrence using gene modules, which yields high accuracy with a multi-study validation cohort. Previous analysis of the DNA methylation status of meningiomas has identified classes relevant to disease progression using unsupervised clustering. Grade 2 meningiomas were also observed to be scattered over these methylation classes further indicating diverse biology [8] and underlining the diagnostic problem created by these tumors. In our study, we show that a systems biology approach using meta-genes provides an accurate predictor of tumor recurrence. This principle can be used in marker discovery for other challenging diseases where conventional approaches such as differential gene expression analysis have been unsuccessful. Our results are derived from data obtained under diverse conditions and yet still produce an accurate classier which projects translational value in creating a diagnostic panel. Our study uses publicly available data and is thus limited by sparse annotation and variable follow-up times. The extent of tumor excision in our study was not known. Although this is conventionally held to affect recurrence[27] the relevance has been debated over the past decade[1] and our classifier yields high accuracy purely with gene expression data. While follow-up times are limited for some patients (Table 1) they still represent real life data from the general neurosurgical practice.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Gene editing can turn any plant into a high-yield, nutrient-rich food source. [SEP] Text: For instance, Nguyen et al. [37] investigated the effect of targeted mutations via dual-g/Cas9 system in uORF regions of the SlbZIP1, a gene involved in the sucrose-induced repression of translation (SIRT) mechanism. Tomato plants with disrupted bZIP1 uORFs had significantly higher levels of sugars and amino acids in their fruits compared to control plants. Moreover, these changes in metabolic pathways were associated with changes in the expression of several other genes involved in sugar and amino acid metabolism. Regarding the enhancement of the sweetness in tomato fruit, there are other 2. 6 in FruitsLycopene is a natural pigment responsible for the characteristic red color of tomatoes and is also a power antioxidant with many benefits for human health, therefore tomato breeding programs are currently also focused on the enhancement of the synthesis of this pigment [41]. For instance, in one study, Li et al. [42] usedCas9 gene editing technology to simultaneously target five genes involved in the carotenoid metabolic pathway in tomato plants. By introducing mutations in these genes, the researchers were able to increase the levels of lycopene in tomato fruit about fivefold. 3 Crop Resilience:Cas9 for AdaptationAbiotic stresses are complex in their nature and controlled by networks of different factors (e. g. , genetic and environmental) that impede crop plant breeding strategies, therefore the use of the most novel genes editing technologies emphasizes the importance of this task [43]. The incidence of crop losses resulting from adverse environmental conditions has steadily increased over recent decades, attributable to both climate change and human activities. The intricate nature of abiotic stresses is governed by a multitude of factors, including genetic and environmental influences, which pose significant challenges to crop plant breeding strategies. As a result, the utilization of cutting-edge gene editing technologies is of the utmost significance. The implementation ofCas9 technologies is expected to facilitate plant genetic transformation, thereby improving resistance to various abiotic stresses [4]. In this section, we shall focus on the most recent publications of genome edited tomato generated viaCas9 with improved resistance to the main following abiotic stresses: salinity, drought, heat and chilling conditions. A schematic overview of the different points explained appears in Fig. 23. 1. 3. 1 Salt StressSalinity is considered to be a significant abiotic stressor for plants, causing considerable harm [44]. According to a recent publication by Hassani et al.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Genetic testing can predict all future health problems with absolute certainty. [SEP] Text: -for total gastrectomy in CDH1 mutation carriers and outcomes of risk-reducing minimally invasive and open gastrectomies. JAMA Surg 2020;155:1050–1057. 10. 1001/jamasurg. 2020. 335632997132)| falseSearch 27. . Revealing the incidentalome when targeting the tumor genome. JAMA 2013;310:795–796. . Revealing the incidentalome when targeting the tumor genome. JAMA 2013;310:795–796. 10. 1001/jama. 2013. 27657323982363)| falseSearch 28. Germline variants in targeted tumor sequencing using matched normal DNA. JAMA Oncol 2016;2:104–111. variants in targeted tumor sequencing using matched normal DNA. JAMA Oncol 2016;2:104–111. 10. 1001/jamaoncol. 2015. 520826556299)| falseSearch 29. Mutation detection in patients with advanced cancer by universal sequencing of cancer-related genes in tumor and normal DNA vs guideline-based germline testing. JAMA 2017;318:825–835. detection in patients with advanced cancer by universal sequencing of cancer-related genes in tumor and normal DNA vs guideline-based germline testing. JAMA 2017;318:825–835. 10. 1001/jama. 2017. 1113728873162)| falseSearch 30. Meric- Incidental germline variants in 1000 advanced cancers on a prospective somatic genomic profiling protocol. 2016;27:795–800. CrossrefPubMedMeric-germline variants in 1000 advanced cancers on a prospective somatic genomic profiling protocol. 2016;27:795–800. 10. 1093/annonc/mdw01826787237)| falseSearch 31. Seifert BA, O’Daniel JM, Amin K, et al. Germline analysis from tumor-germline sequencing dyads to identify clinically actionable secondary findings. Res 2016;22:4087–4094. ’analysis from tumor-germline sequencing dyads to identify clinically actionable secondary findings. Res 2016;22:4087–4094. 10. 1158/1078-0432. CCR-16-001527083775)| falseSearch 32. Pathogenic germline variants in 10,389 adult cancers.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Environmental psychology can predict individual behavior with high accuracy. [SEP] Text: Though our results are largely exploratory at present, further optimization of a predictive gene module using prospectively gathered cohorts with greater follow up times may ultimately translate into a novel approach to care of patients with meningioma at the bedside. ConclusionsWe apply gene co-expression networks to a cohort of 252 adult meningiomas and derive a cluster of genes which is able to predict meningioma recurrence with high accuracy. With the wide accessibility of custom-made mini-arrays, our findings support, and should encourage, the shift to include this or a similar classifier in routine clinical care. 35. The role of radiotherapy following gross-total resection of atypical meningiomas. J Neurosurg. 2012;117:679–86. -Hanjani S, Martuza RL, et al. Long-term recurrence rates of atypical meningiomas after gross total resection with or without postoperative adjuvant radiation. Neurosurgery. 2009;64:56–60. 1 as a Factor for Meningioma Proliferation. Cell Rep. 2018;22:3672–83. Clark VE, Erson-Özduman K, et al. Genomic analysis of non-NF2 meningiomas reveals mutations in TRAF7, KLF4, AKT1, and SMO. Science (80- ). 2013;339:1077–80. Å Integrated genomic analyses of de novo pathways underlying atypical meningiomas. Nat Commun. 2017;8. Recurrent somatic mutations in POLR2A define a distinct subset of meningiomas. Nat Genet. 2016;48:1253–9. DNA methylation-based classification and grading system for meningioma: a multicentre, retrospective analysis. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18:682–94. . Systematic and integrative analysis of large gene lists using DAVID bioinformatics resources. Nat Protoc. 2009;4:44–57. Vernooij M, Ikram M. Incidental findings on brain MRI in the general population. N Med. 2007;:1821–8. Meningiomas: knowledge base, treatment outcomes, and uncertainties. A RANO review. J Neurosurg. 2015;122:4–23.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Air-purifying skyscrapers can help reduce the urban heat island effect. [SEP] Text: 5 and NO2 concentrations in the UK, France, and Germany were both reduced by 45% in 2020 compared with the corresponding period in 2019 (Karuppasamy et al. 2020). Services monitoring data showed that China's NO2 concentrations in the first half of 2020 were 35–45% lower than average concentrations within the corresponding period over the preceding five years (QURC et al. 2020). Otmani et al. (2020) used Sentinel-5P remote sensing data and measured data to reveal the significant improvement in air quality and significant decrease in air pollutant concentrations in major Iranian cities during the COVID-19 outbreak control period. The air quality in Wuhan was also significantly improved during the COVID-19 prevention and control periods, and the concentrations of PM2. 5, NOX, SO2, and CO were reduced by 35%, 47%, 11%, and 30%, respectively. There were also large percentage reductions in PM2. 5 and CO within the suburbs of urban areas (Yqb and Ying 2021). It is evident that the global stringency measures employed resulted in reductions in air pollutant emissions and diminished the regional transport effects of air pollutants (Zheng et al. 2020). However, although many studies have shown notable decreases in the concentrations of major air pollutants and improvements in air quality during the epidemic prevention and control periods, some studies have found no evidence of changes in the air pollutant concentrations during such periods and that the concentrations of some air pollutants increased by nearly 20% compared with the normal period (Li et al. 2020b). Therefore, studying changes in air pollutant concentrations and air quality during the strict epidemic control periods are a focus of current research in atmospheric and environmental sciences, and epidemic control has provided a natural laboratory for these studies. Anthropogenic air pollutants and heat emissions play an important role in urban temperature increases, and a reduction in air pollutant concentrations may weaken the urban heat island (UHI) effect (Dantas et al. 2020; Kerimray et al. 2020; Ranjan et al. 2020b). In this respect, Liu et al. (2022) analyzed MODIS surface temperature and surface observation data and found that the surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII) decreased significantly in more than 300 cities in China in 2020 compared to 2017–2019, with decreases in the diurnal SUHII of 0. 25°C and 0. 39°C, respectively.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Genetic testing can predict all future health problems with absolute certainty. [SEP] Text: Cell 2018;173:355–370. e14. germline variants in 10,389 adult cancers. Cell 2018;173:355–370. e14. 10. 1016/j. cell. 2018. 03. 03929625052)| falseSearch 33. Prospective genomic profiling of prostate cancer across disease states reveals germline and somatic alterations that may affect clinical decision making. JCO 2017;2017:PO. 17. 00029. genomic profiling of prostate cancer across disease states reveals germline and somatic alterations that may affect clinical decision making. JCO 2017;2017:PO. 17. 00029. 2882505410. 1200/PO. 17. 00029)| falseSearch 34. Prevalence of germline mutations in cancer susceptibility genes in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. JAMA Oncol 2018;4:1228–1235. of germline mutations in cancer susceptibility genes in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. JAMA Oncol 2018;4:1228–1235. 2997818710. 1001/jamaoncol. 2018. 1986)| falseSearch 35. Cancer susceptibility mutations in patients with urothelial malignancies. J 2020;38:406–414. susceptibility mutations in patients with urothelial malignancies. J 2020;38:406–414. 10. 1200/JCO. 19. 0139531794323)| falseSearch 36. Comprehensive cancer-predisposition gene testing in an adult multiple primary tumor series shows a broad range of deleterious variants and atypical tumor phenotypes. 2018;103:3–18. cancer-predisposition gene testing in an adult multiple primary tumor series shows a broad range of deleterious variants and atypical tumor phenotypes. 2018;103:3–18. 10. 1016/j. ajhg. 2018. 04. 013)| falseSearch 37. Characterization of patients with multiple primary tumors [abstract]. J 2020;38(Suppl): Abstract 1502. of patients with multiple primary tumors [abstract]. J 2020;38(Suppl): Abstract 1502. 10. 1200/JCO. 2020. 38. 15_suppl. 1502)| falseSearch 38. Real-time genomic characterization of metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors has prognostic implications and identifies potential germline actionability.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Environmental psychology can predict individual behavior with high accuracy. [SEP] Text: Jääskeläinen J. Seemingly complete removal of histologically benign intracranial meningioma: Late recurrence rate and factors predicting recurrence in 657 patients. A multivariate analysis. Surg Neurol. 1986;26:461–9. -Gimbel H, König J, Zang KD, et al. Predictive value of progression-associated chromosomal aberrations for the prognosis of meningiomas: a retrospective study of 198 cases. J Neurosurg. 2001;95:601–7. . High incidence of activating TERT promoter mutations in meningiomas undergoing malignant progression. Brain Pathol. 2014;24:184–9. Yesilöz Ü, Frequent AKT1E17Kmutations in skull base meningiomas are associated with mTOR and ERK1/2 activation and reduced time to tumor recurrence. Neuro Oncol. 2017;19:1088–96. . SMO mutation status defines a distinct and frequent Molecular subgroup in olfactory groove meningiomas. Neuro Oncol. 2017;19:345–51. Integrating genetic and network analysis to characterize genes related to mouse weight. PLoS Genet. 2006;2:1182–92. . , Zhu S, Felciano RM, et al. Analysis of oncogenic signaling networks in glioblastoma identifies ASPM as a molecular target. Acad Sci. 2006;103:17402–7. -Ramahi I, et al. Integrated genomics and proteomics define huntingtin CAG length-dependent networks in mice. Nat Neurosci. 2016;19:623–33. Langfelder P, Horvath S. WGCNA: package for weighted correlation network analysis. BMC Bioinformatics. 2008;9. : archive for functional genomics data sets — update. Res. 2013;41 June:991–5. Effects in Analysis of Data : of Adjustment Methods. PLoS One. 2011;6. . Robust meta-analysis of gene expression using the elastic net. Res. 2015;43:1–11. Zhang B, Horvath S. A for Co-expression Network Analysis. Biol. 2005;4. Package ‘ dynamicTreeCut. ’ 2016;:1–14.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Air-purifying skyscrapers can help reduce the urban heat island effect. [SEP] Text: Their relationship with the SUHII a correlation analysis was conducted. The following conclusions were drawn: (1) -19 restriction periods, air pollutant concentrations in the study area decreased significantly and the air quality improved. There were significant decreases in the vertical column concentrations of NO2 of 77% and 15% during the first and second strict periods in 2020 compared to the corresponding periods in 2019, respectively. In addition, AOD decreased by 61% and 32%, respectively; CO vertical column concentrations decreased by 26. 3% and 28. 1%, respectively, and the SO2 concentration decreased slightly. (2) Although the change in surface temperature in the study area from 2018 to 2020 was not significant, the surface temperature in 2020 was slightly lower than that in 2018 and 2019. was slightly weakened by 0. 77°C and 1. 74°C during the first and second strict periods in the study area in 2020, respectively, compared to the corresponding period in 2019. The weakening of the SUHII was associated with changes in human activity. (3) During the COVID-19 restrictions in the study area, the concentrations of air pollutants and the SUHII decreased, and the air quality improved significantly. There was a high correlation between the SUHII and NO2, AOD, CO, and SO2 in the study area (R2 values were all greater than 0. 60, p < 0. 01), which indicated that the SUHII decreased with a decrease in air pollutant concentrations. The results obtained in this study can be used to improve urban air quality by optimizing and improving transportation, industrial production, and energy consumption, with the aim of reducing the urban thermal environment and improving the quality of the urban environment. Declarationsauthors thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. We would like to thank Editage (www. editage. cn) for English language editing. Each of the named authors contributed substantially to the research. Gulbakram Ahmed: resources, data curation, validation, visualization, writing (original draft), and writing (review and editing). Zan Mei: resources, conceptualization, supervision, writing (original draft), and writing (review and editing). Data availability The datasets used during the study are available from the corresponding author on request. Ethics approval: Not applicable. Consent for publication: No personal data were obtained in any form. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Genetic testing can predict all future health problems with absolute certainty. [SEP] Text: JCO Precis Oncol;2018:PO. 17. 00267. -time genomic characterization of metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors has prognostic implications and identifies potential germline actionability. JCO Precis Oncol;2018:PO. 17. 00267. 10. 1200/PO. 17. 0026730687805)| falseSearch 39. Microsatellite instability is associated with the presence of Lynch syndrome pan-cancer. J 2019;37:286–295. instability is associated with the presence of Lynch syndrome pan-cancer. J 2019;37:286–295. 3037642710. 1200/JCO. 18. 00283)| falseSearch 40. Prospective evaluation of germline alterations in patients with exocrine pancreatic neoplasms. J Inst 2018;110:1067–1074. evaluation of germline alterations in patients with exocrine pancreatic neoplasms. J Inst 2018;110:1067–1074. 2950612810. 1093/jnci/djy024)| falseSearch 41. Salo-Mullen EE, O’ Identification of germline genetic mutations in patients with pancreatic cancer. Cancer 2015;121:4382–4388. CrossrefPubMedSalo-Mullen EE, O’of germline genetic mutations in patients with pancreatic cancer. Cancer 2015;121:4382–4388. 2644092910. 1002/cncr. 29664)| falseSearch 42. Maintenance olaparib for germline BRCA-mutated metastatic pancreatic cancer. N Med 2019;381:317–327. olaparib for germline BRCA-mutated metastatic pancreatic cancer. N Med 2019;381:317–327. 3115796310. 1056/NEJMoa1903387)| falseSearch 43. Tumour lineage shapes BRCA-mediated phenotypes. Nature 2019;571:576–579. lineage shapes BRCA-mediated phenotypes. Nature 2019;571:576–579. 10. 1038/s41586-019-1382-131292550)| falseSearch 44. . Mosaicism in health and disease—clones picking up speed. Genet 2017;18:128–142. . Mosaicism in health and disease—clones picking up speed.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Every ancient civilization relied on the same staple crops. [SEP] Text: Health & 17, 2020 Improving the iron delivery from staple food crops and food products of Agriculture and Cornell University, has pioneered several techniques to assess how much iron (Fe) is bioavailable from foods, meals and the overall diet. Such techniques are essential to identify and optimise dietary sources of Fe and alleviate iron deficiency, one of the leading global nutritional deficiencies. Staple food crops are a focus of this research, particularly beans as they are relatively high in Fe and a major staple in regions where Fe deficiency is prevalent. Measurement of Fe delivery from foods is challenging as greater Fe content does not always equate to more absorbable iron; hence the need for efficient tools to assess the nutritional quality of this essential micronutrient. A balanced diet must include adequate sources of all macro- and micronutrients. However, deficiencies in micronutrients, such as vitamins and minerals are common. Perhaps the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide is iron deficiency. Iron has many roles in human health, but it is arguably best known for its role in the molecule haemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells which transports oxygen around the body. The consequences of mild iron deficiency can be fatigue and lethargy, whereas more severe deficiencies can lead to health issues such as heart problems, increased risk of infections, pregnancy complications, and in children, cognitive deficiencies and poor neurological development. FuzullHanum/Shutterstock. com There are many good dietary sources of iron, including animal and plant sources. Animal sources of iron, such as red meat, are more easily absorbed by the body compared to plant-based sources, such as maize, wheat, beans, chickpeas, peas and lentils. However, it is often difficult and expensive to assess iron bioavailability from foods. The term ‘bioavailable’ refers to the iron that is accessible to the body for absorption, compared to iron which may be bound to other components of food thus rendering it unavailable to the body. Early work carried out by Glahn of the US Department of Agriculture produced methods that could be used for assessing bioavailable iron from foods. Glahn’s method provided a way by which food companies, crop breeders and nutrition professionals can measure iron bioavailability and therefore identify and develop food products and processing practices that can deliver more bioavailable Fe in the food supply. Yellow beans have unique qualities and nutritional traits that help improve the delivery of iron from a plant-based diet.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some companies are piloting drone delivery for items like medical supplies. [SEP] Text: -19 pandemic, ageing populations and the increasing shortage of skilled workers pose great challenges for the delivery of supplies for people with and without care needs. The potential of drones, as unmanned air vehicles, in healthcare are huge and are discussed as an effective new way to delivery urgent medicines and medical devices, especially in rural areas. Although the advantages are obvious, perspectives of users are important particularly in the development process. Investigating human drone interaction could potentially increase usefulness and usability. The present study aims to perform a systematic scoping review on experimental studies examining the human drone interaction in deliveries of drugs and defibrillators. databases (and ) and 7664. Santana, University of Brasilia: Universidade de : August 25, 2021; Accepted: April 12, 2022; Published: April 28, 2022Copyright: © 2022 Stephan et al. This is an open access 1. Search terms. Inclusion and exclusion criteria In this scoping review, all empirical studies with experimental design (empirical methods) were included which involved human subjects (independent of age or diseases) and drones in the medical delivery of medications and defibrillators. This review aims to assess only experimental studies because they provide evidence to support the usability, acceptance and effectiveness of drones in medical delivery processes. Two authors (FS, NR) searched independently for experimental studies in which health-related outcomes in the human drone interaction and medical delivery with drones were investigated (e. g. , delivery time, user experience). We did not restrict the search to group comparisons (e. g. , inter- or intraindividual comparisons), language and year of publication on purpose. Studies without drone or medical reference, without empirical background or studies using drones in organ delivery, military, or warfare were excluded from further analyses because we are focusing on human drone interaction in civil drone use. Table 2 summarizes the key criteria for the review process. Download: PPTPowerPoint slidePNGlarger imageTIFForiginal imageTable 2. Summary of review criteria. Study selection and data extraction Two researchers (FS, NR) independently performed the searches and screened all studies with regard to the search terms in title and abstract as well as for inclusion criteria in order to exclude studies that were not relevant to the review. To increase consistency among researchers, all researchers screened the same studies. If the relevance of a study was unclear from abstract, the full text was screened.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Genetic testing can predict all future health problems with absolute certainty. [SEP] Text: Genet 2017;18:128–142. 2794186810. 1038/nrg. 2016. 145)| falseSearch 45. Prevalence of clonal hematopoiesis mutations in tumor-only clinical genomic profiling of solid tumors. JAMA Oncol 2018;4:1589–1593. of clonal hematopoiesis mutations in tumor-only clinical genomic profiling of solid tumors. JAMA Oncol 2018;4:1589–1593. 2987286410. 1001/jamaoncol. 2018. 2297)| falseSearch 46. Missed opportunities: genetic counseling and testing among an ethnically diverse cohort of women with endometrial cancer. 2018;151:153–158. opportunities: genetic counseling and testing among an ethnically diverse cohort of women with endometrial cancer. 2018;151:153–158. 10. 1016/j. ygyno. 2018. 07. 02330077346)| falseSearch 47. Results from : a national randomized four-arm noninferiority trial evaluating pre- and post-test genetic counseling during online testing for breast and ovarian cancer genetic risk [abstract]. J 2020;38(Suppl):Abstract 1506. from : a national randomized four-arm noninferiority trial evaluating pre- and post-test genetic counseling during online testing for breast and ovarian cancer genetic risk [abstract]. J 2020;38(Suppl):Abstract 1506. 10. 1200/JCO. 2020. 38. 15_suppl. 1506)| falseSearch 48. Erlich Y, Narayanan A. Routes for breaching and protecting genetic privacy. Genet 2014;15:409–421. . Routes for breaching and protecting genetic privacy. Genet 2014;15:409–421. 10. 1038/nrg372324805122)| falseSearch 49. Immortal life of the common rule: ethics, consent, and the future of cancer research. J 2017;35:1879–1883. life of the common rule: ethics, consent, and the future of cancer research. J 2017;35:1879–1883. 2842637310. 1200/JCO. 2016. 68. 4522)| falseSearch 50. Efficacy and safety of vismodegib in advanced basal-cell carcinoma.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Every ancient civilization relied on the same staple crops. [SEP] Text: A bioassay to assess iron bioavailability developed a model known as the Caco-2 cell bioassay for iron bioavailability. The Caco-2 cell line is a human intestinal cell line widely used for studies of nutrient uptake. coupled simulated stomach and intestinal digestion with Caco-2 cell cultures to produce a model of the upper human intestinal tract. These experimental conditions enabled to accurately assess the most critical step that determines iron bioavailability, uptake by the intestinal epithelial cell. Iron uptake is assessed via measurement of the iron storage protein, ferritin, which has been shown to form in direct proportion to Fe uptake. Caco-2 cells provide breeders a cost-effective tool for evaluating the iron bioavailability of pulse crops. Measurement of intestinal cell ferritin enables high throughput of the model system, makes it extremely cost efficient, and negates challenges and flaws of other methods that have been used to assess iron bioavailability. Since the model’s inception in 1998, it has been thoroughly validated via direct comparison to numerous animal and human studies, predicting the correct effect on Fe bioavailability observed in the corresponding in vivo trial. This thorough validation of the model now means that it can be applied with confidence in applications such as plant breeding for improved Fe bioavailability from staple food crops, or for food science applications to optimise Fe nutrition in food products. It is important to note that the Caco-2 cell bioassay predicts the amount of Fe that can be delivered from a food. This distinction is a key feature of the bioassay as the chemical nature of Fe and its interaction with food components means that Fe concentration in a food or meal does not always correlate with Fe absorption. The bioassay is therefore a practical and data-driven approach to Fe nutrition. A Focus on the past 20 years there have been numerous applications of the Caco-2 cell bioassay. Perhaps the most notable applications have been the ongoing studies of Fe delivery from the common bean. Dr Glahn’s research was the first to demonstrate that the colour of the seed coat can have profound effects on Fe delivery from beans. Studies have shown that beans in market classes such as red, red-mottled, dark red, purple, cranberry and black generally have low Fe bioavailability; whereas most white and some yellow bean varieties have higher Fe bioavailability.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some companies are piloting drone delivery for items like medical supplies. [SEP] Text: [19] conducted additional analyses of these data. Use of drones. All four studies addressed an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) [17–20]. The drones were used in a simulated OHCA situation with a manikin where the drone delivers a defibrillator to the site where it is required. Three studies used drones from DJI [18–20] and one study from & Co. KG company [17]. All studies were funded from Institutes or Foundations that were not related to the manufacturers of the drone. The funders in all studies had no role in study design, data collection, analyses, interpretation of data or producing manuscripts. Participant characteristics. The age range of the participants in the selected studies reached from 18 to 80 years. Claesson et al. [17] did not describe details about involved subjects. However, they described the number of release-methods via parachute (n = 1), latch (n = 6), or landing (n = 6) the drone. It is unclear whether these release-scenarios were tested with 13 different subjects or only with one subject. Two studies involved medically untrained participants who interacted with the drone [18–20]. In one study the participants aged from 73 to 80 years (n = 8) [18]. The participants were recruited from a senior citizen organization since persons who suffer from OHCA in Sweden have a median age of 71 years. None of the participants had received a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the last 20 years. In the second study that involved medical untrained participants, the age ranged from 18 to 65 years [19, 20]. The participants reported that they have the ability to jog for two minutes and have no history of cardiovascular disease or other medical disease. The participants were paired by gender and age: 18–34, 35–49, 50–65; 18 female pairs and 17 male pairs. One participant performed both roles as a seeker and a caller. Human drone interaction in AED delivery Four studies examined the user experience during the delivery of AEDs [17–20]. In one of the four studies, the involvement of participants is not described in detail, however, three different release-techniques were tested and discussed [17]. In three studies, participants were presented with a simulated OHCA situation using a manikin either indoors [18] or outdoors [19, 20].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Genetic testing can predict all future health problems with absolute certainty. [SEP] Text: How genetic testing can help women with breast cancer avoid chemotherapyBy using Oncotype DX test technology, researchers behind the trial have proven that invasive and often harmful chemotherapy needn’t be the only option for women with breast cancer. Genetics 05 July 2018 link to page Download PDF In light of the trial, around 5,000 women could be spared the harmful implications of chemotherapy each year. Shutterstock. comdescribed it as “the biggest advance in cancer practice for 20 years”; said: “Thousands of breast cancer patients could avoid chemo”; and Mirror hailed it as a “major coup for the NHS”. for TReatment (Rx) — known as — has made waves since being presented at the of 2018 in Chicago on 3 June 2018, and with good reason[1]. ’s focus — breast cancer — remains the most common cancer to affect women and the second leading cause of death in women in the UK and the United States[2][3]. study looked at the most common form of breast cancer — hormone receptor (HR)-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, axillary node (AN)-negative, breast cancer — which accounts for roughly half of all cases of the disease. Sparano et al. conducted the phase III prospective trial federally funded by the US Institute[1]. The trial involved 10,273 women aged 17–75 years between 2006 and 2010. All women received Oncotype DX testing, which predicted their risk of cancer recurrence within ten years. half of all new cases of breast cancer (over 266,000 in the and 54,900 in the UK) receive chemotherapy, a treatment with adverse effects such as vomiting, nausea, fatigue, hair loss, neuropathy and, in younger women, early menopause or infertility. But results from suggest that 70% of these women could be spared chemotherapy, and by using the genomic test Oncotype DX to guide decision-making, less than 30% of these women might need chemotherapy. Harnessing geneticsOncotype DX, developed by California-based genetic research company Genomic Health, analyses a tumour sample for the activity of 21 genes that can affect how a tumour is likely to behave in response to a particular treatment.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Every ancient civilization relied on the same staple crops. [SEP] Text: Seed coat colour is due to the presence or absence of compounds known as polyphenols. Storage cells in a bean seed (Phaseolus vulgaris), imaged with scanning electron microscopy. Further studies by the Glahn research team identified compounds in a class of polyphenols known as flavonols, specifically designating the flavonols quercetin and myricetin as inhibitors of Fe uptake. Additional inhibitors of Fe uptake were identified in the polyphenol class of cyanidins; however, most importantly this research identified polyphenolic compounds in the flavonol class that promote Fe uptake. Specifically, the compounds known as kaempferol, kaempferol 3-glucoside, catechin and epicatechin have been shown to promote Fe uptake. Moreover, certain varieties in the yellow bean market class have been identified that are high in these compounds and have little or no inhibitory polyphenols and thus exhibit high Fe bioavailability. Recently, the slow-darkening trait observed in some varieties of pinto beans also results in high levels of these Fe uptake promoting polyphenols, and low levels of the inhibitory compounds thus delivering more Fe for absorption. Additional studies of beans by the Glahn lab have looked at the components of the bean seed in regards to Fe concentration and bioavailability. These studies found that within the cotyledon, i. e. the centre white part of the bean, the individual cotyledon cell walls do not break down due to cooking, chewing or gastrointestinal digestion. Given that 70-95% of the Fe in a bean is located in the cotyledon, within the cotyledon cells, this observation represents a new factor affecting Fe delivery from beans. This same factor applies to other legumes. Identifying this factor is significant as it identifies an obstacle that can be overcome to unlock additional Fe nutrition from beans and other legumes. A microscopic image of cooked Trypan blue stained cotyledon cells from white (navy) bean seeds following in vitro gastric and intestinal digestion (magnification 80Å~). This image illustrates how the low pH and enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract have little effect on the intact cell wall structure. Glahn et al. , FoodFunct. 2016. doi:10.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some companies are piloting drone delivery for items like medical supplies. [SEP] Text: In these three studies, participants were instructed to call local emergency number. After the calling, participants had to follow the instructions of the dispatcher to initiate CPR while an autonomous flight of the drone was initiated from dispatcher [18–20]. In one study participants were split into two groups: one group of participants interacted in the situation alone and the other group of participants interacted in pairs [18]. The other two studies also used a dual situation, but one of the participants was instructed to search for a fixed defibrillator at one of five zones on campus. The other participant was instructed to initiate CPR and to wait for the AED to be delivered by drone [19, 20]. A pre- and post-survey found that 34% of the participants had previously interacted with a drone. Results of the post-survey indicated that 89% of the participants felt comfortable during drone approach [19]. Generally, the participants gave positive feedback about interacting with the drone [20]. Participants who expressed a more positive attitude towards technique performed better on all tasks they were assigned [18]. However, some participants expressed neutral or indifferent feelings such as uncertainty or anxiety. Nevertheless, most of the participants experienced the AED delivered by drone as an innovative and efficient way of obtaining medical help. They noted advantages of being able to deliver AEDs in remote areas and to stay close to the patient in need. The human drone interaction can be clustered into the following categories: (1) process/landing, (2) handover, and (3) communications. In the four studies identified, the drone landed after arriving at the OHCA location [17–20]. Claesson et al. [17] tested two other arriving scenarios: dropping the AED by using a parachute technique from minimum 25m altitude or dropping the AED using a latch-release from 3-4m altitude. The results showed that the best methods were landing or latch-release. When using a parachute-release technique, wind caused uncertainty about where the defibrillator would land. When using a latch-release, bystanders could fetch the defibrillator. This method of release was suggested as a low risk because people could not be hurt from rotors of the drone. Landing serves as a good alternative, in order to reduce risk for bystanders who want to intervene. However, users had many concerns about the process/landing.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Genetic testing can predict all future health problems with absolute certainty. [SEP] Text: Women eligible for Oncotype DX testing include those recently diagnosed with stage I or II invasive breast cancer; those in whom the tumour is oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive, AN-negative and those whom, with their consultant, are considering chemotherapy. Women recently diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or having lumpectomy to remove the DCIS may also be candidates. After surgery, women can reduce the risk of recurrence by taking selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), such as tamoxifen[4][5] or aromatase inhibitors, such as exemestane, letrozole and anastrozole[6]. DX provides a recurrence score (RS): a number from 0–100[7]. An RS of less than 18 means the tumour has a low risk of recurrence and the benefits of chemotherapy are unlikely to outweigh the adverse effects. An RS ≥18 and ≤30 means the tumour has an intermediate risk of recurrence and it is unclear whether chemotherapy exerts benefits. An RS ≥31 means the tumour has a high risk of recurrence and the benefits of chemotherapy are likely to outweigh the adverse effects. Evidence baseCrolley et al. reported that interpretation of the scores of intermediate risk of recurrence and the subsequently offered chemotherapy regimens has the widest variation in practice in the UK[8]. Loncaster et al. reported that capitalising on Oncotype DX in women with AN-negative and positive breast cancer significantly reduces the use of chemotherapy (P <0. 001) and its associated morbidity and costs[9]. Furthermore, Holt et al. reported that reconsidering chemotherapy based on Oncotype DX results was associated with improvements in survival and quality-adjusted life expectancy in the UK[10]. Gluz et al. reported a trial that included 3,198 women (median age 56 years) with HR-positive, HER2-negative, AN-positive or high-risk node-negative early breast cancer (median follow-up of 35 months), from 2009–2011[11]. The study recommended women with an RS ≤11 to abstain from adjuvant chemotherapy. The three-year disease-free survival for the 348 patients not treated with chemotherapy with an RS ≤11 was 98%. In light of the trial, around 5,000 women could be spared the harmful implications of chemotherapy each yearStemmer et al.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Every ancient civilization relied on the same staple crops. [SEP] Text: 1039/c6fo00490c Finally, the Caco-2 cell bioassay has found that the fast-cooking trait, highly desirable to many bean consumers, has been linked to improved Fe delivery. Fast cooking is believed to be associated with the same polyphenolic compounds that promote Fe uptake, as well as genes that may control thickness of cotyledon cell walls. In summary, the above observations are all good news for bean growers, food producers and consumers who seek improved Fe nutrition from this staple food crop. This research gives new targets for bean breeders, and ultimately provides enhanced nutritional quality for consumers and value-added traits for producers. Other applications of the Caco-2 for Maize: The Caco-2 cell has identified the germ fraction (ie. embryo) of the maize kernel as the major component that inhibits Fe uptake from maize. Thus, degermed maize flour may represent an opportunity to provide improved Fe nutrition. In addition, these studies suggested that identifying and/or developing maize varieties with higher Fe density in the endosperm of the kernel should also provide more bioavailable Fe. Lentils: Red lentils are commonly dehulled post-harvest. The Caco-2 cell bioassay has identified the dehulling process as improving Fe delivery from lentils. Yellow bean breeding lines with fast cooking times and improved iron bioavailability being tested at the Farm, Michigan. Peas: Overall, peas have been identified as an excellent legume to deliver more bioavailable Fe. for Infants: As infants are particularly prone to Fe deficiency, complementary foods represent an excellent application of the Caco-2 cell bioassay to identify specific foods and food combinations to improve Fe nutrition for this vulnerable age group. Food Products: Major food companies routinely make use of the Caco-2 cell bioassay to identify optimal formulations to deliver bioavailable Fe while balancing sensory and other quality concerns. Poultry model for iron bioavailability Human studies of Fe bioavailability are expensive and time-consuming; thus, there is a critical need for the combination of the Caco-2 cell bioassay and an animal model to refine objectives for definitive human studies, and if possible reduce the number of human trials. Thus, to complement the bioassay, and his research team also developed a poultry model for iron bioavailability studies.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some companies are piloting drone delivery for items like medical supplies. [SEP] Text: Moreover, two studies intended to explore the delivery time of drone delivered AED compared to the time a bystander needed for searching for a fixed defibrillator [19] or to emergency medical services (EMS) [17]. Their results showed that the delivery time decreases when the defibrillator was transported via drone compared to ground search method (ranging from -2 minutes 56 seconds to 1 minute 42 seconds). The difference in response time for EMS was higher for rural than for urban areas (mean amount of time saved of 19 minutes). Another study was interested in time differences between a single bystander and dual bystander in a OHCA situation [18]. Their results showed that the bystander’s hand-off time was greater in the single situation compared to the dual situation. Claesson et al. [17] were additionally interested in the functionality of the AED after different release-techniques. The results showed that the AED was fully functional after its release, independent of the release-method. One study examined the best suitable placement of drones in by using a geographic information system (GIS) tool [17]. To find the suitable places for drones, the authors modeled the EMS delays and OHCA incidences and found twenty suitable locations in urban areas and ten in rural areas. DiscussionTo date, reviews focus on the applications, benefit, and challenges of drones in society [3, 11–13]. In addition to the increased use of drones in environment, conservation, and agriculture, drones are getting more and more attention in healthcare [3]. In order to realize the use of drones in the sector mentioned, thought must be given to how human drone interaction can be designed. To date, the role of users received little attention. Analyzing the literature focusing on human drone interaction and user experience in the context of medical supply of medicines and devices can provide insights on recent developments and future steps. Thus, the present scoping review is the first reviewing the current state of the literature on the human drone interaction in healthcare, especially in the delivery of medical goods such as devices and medications. This perspective is essential to develop comparative understanding how human drone interaction should be designed with regard to the requirements within the healthcare supply process. et al. [12] identified drone-based delivery of medicines as the most common identified application in healthcare, the present scoping review could not identify a study investigating the human drone interaction in the delivery of medicines with empirical design.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Genetic testing can predict all future health problems with absolute certainty. [SEP] Text: conducted a clinical analysis of 1,801 women (median age 60 years) with ER-positive, HER2-negative pN0-1 breast cancer (median follow-up of 6. 2 years) from 2006–2010[12]. In patients with an RS <18, the five-year risk of distant recurrence (where the cancer has spread to a region away from where the original cancer was located) was low. The rate of breast cancer-related death was also low. Endocrine therapy (ET) alone is supported in this group of patients. In addition, in women not treated with chemotherapy with an RS 11Â–25, the five-year distant recurrence rates were very low; chemotherapy is unlikely to exert clinical benefit in this group of patients. : the landmark trialOf the 10,273 women who took part in the trial, 6,711 had a mid-range an RS of 11ÂÂ–25 and were randomly assigned to receive either ET alone (most commonly tamoxifen for pre-menopausal women, and most commonly aromastase inhibitors for post-menopausal women) or chemoendocrine therapy (CET, most commonly taxane and cyclophosphamide). The primary end point was disease-free survival (recurrence of cancer in the breast, regional lymph nodes and/or distant organs, a second primary cancer in the opposite breast or another organ, or death from any cause). At a median follow-up of 7. 5 years, ET in women with a mid-range RS of 11–25 was not inferior to CET. Simply, this patient group would not benefit from chemotherapy and ET is as effective while less toxic and cheaper. will improve the lives of women who present with breast cancerWomen with RS ≥26 had a distant recurrence of 13% despite having chemotherapy and ET. Women with an RS <10 had very low recurrence rates with ET alone, regardless of age or other clinical variables. Women aged ≤50 years with an RS of 16–25 were shown to have some benefits from chemotherapy. ’s global financial and health benefitsIn light of the trial, around 5,000 British women in the UK could be spared the harmful implications of chemotherapy each year and the NHS could also be spared the financial burden; chemotherapy currently costs the NHS around £4,500 per patient.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Every ancient civilization relied on the same staple crops. [SEP] Text: In combination with the bioassay, the poultry model has been validated in direct parallel comparison to human trials. In studies of crops such as beans and pearl millet, the bioassay and the poultry model correctly predicted the human efficacy studies. As a result, the combination of these research tools now represent a popular approach to studies of Fe nutrition. Lentil crop. Dr Glahn’s research has identified that the dehulling process improves Fe delivery in lentils. What can people do at home to minimise their risk of iron deficiency and to maximise the bioavailability of iron in their diet? <> Humans require a diversity of foods for optimal Fe nutrition, which also promotes other beneficial nutritional outcomes. Therefore, consumption of diverse diet of nutrient dense foods containing a variety of “protein foods“, such as legumes (beans and peas), lean meat (poultry and beef), seafood, eggs, and nuts. In addition, a variety of vegetables and whole fruits are highly recommended. Whole grains should make up at least half of all grain intake. Recommended amounts of dairy products should also be followed. Adherence to these dietary guidelines generates a healthy intestinal tract that facilitates Fe absorption and overall health. Improving the iron delivery from staple food crops and food products was last modified: November 8th, 2023 Keywords: Beansbioavailable ironCaco-2 cell bioassayFeflavonolsironiron bioavailabilityiron deliverymicronutrientsof Agriculture and this 193. Advance online publication. & Glahn RP. (2020). Polyphenolic profiles of yellow bean seed coats and their relationship with iron bioavailability. J Chem, 68(3), 769–778. & Tako E. (2019). An in vivo (Gallus gallus) feeding trial demonstrating the enhanced iron bioavailability properties of the fast cooking Manteca yellow bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. ). Nutrients, 11(8), 1768. & Glahn RP. (2018). The fast cooking and enhanced iron bioavailability properties of the Manteca yellow bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. ). Nutrients, 10(11), 1609. . (2014). Iron bioavailability in low phytate pea. Crop Science. 55(1):320-330. & Wiesinger JA. (2016).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some companies are piloting drone delivery for items like medical supplies. [SEP] Text: While a lot of media report about projects using drones in the delivery of medications [21–26], blood [27–29], or other medical goods [30], no empirical study was conducted and therefore, not evaluable for the present scoping review. However, these projects show the variety of scenarios and possibilities for drone use. There is little scientific evidence about the effectiveness, user experience and acceptance of medical drone delivery. Nevertheless, projects in different countries, e. g. in Ghana [21], Tanzania [22, 23], Vanuatu [24], or Germany [25], show that medicine transportation can be implemented. drones deliver birth control, condoms, and other medical supplies from a warehouse in an urban area to rural areas where local health workers pick up the supplies [30]. In Rwanda, drones deliver blood to clinics located in remote areas. Health workers request units of blood products via text message and 30 minutes later the blood parcels were dropped on parachutes via drones [27]. Another project in Malawi shows that drones can transport dried blood samples for early infant diagnosis of HIV [28, 29]. Drones can also deliver essential medicines like anti-venom or vaccines to hospitals from one building to another or to remote areas. In China, medical samples and quarantine materials were delivered via drones during the COVID-19 epidemic from hospitals to disease control centers in urban areas. This transportation reduced contact between samples and staff; furthermore, it reduced the time of delivery, providing a more efficient transportation for epidemic prevention and control [26]. One recent study calculated the number of drones and delivery times for the transportation of antiepileptic drugs from an urban hospital to pharmacies, gas stations, and mosques. The authors compared these to delivery times of transportation by road vehicles and found that drones dramatically reduced deliver time for routine and emergency delivery [31]. Nevertheless, the study used simulation methods and thus, human drone interaction was not assessed. These projects imply that the potential of drones in healthcare is enormous. Studies that investigate the human drone interaction by including user experience in the delivery of medicines are still lacking. However, to our understanding the interface of human drone interaction is the key to develop a service that is fitting to patient’s and health care provider’s needs and to the speed at which they adopt new technologies. Investigating user´s experience is important because the acceptance of drones will largely depend on how the process is perceived by the users.

Output: corroborate