Input: Claim: Renewable energy sources are increasingly crucial for sustainable development. [SEP] Text: As an example, in the Region we have developed an Alliance of Space research centers to aggregate satellite data with advanced computing codes in order to evaluate the potential of exploitation of renewable energy resources as biomass, solar, wind or water currents and similar initiatives are also in many other regions of the World. The most important aspect that we learn, is that renewable energy sources have no borders and even the very rudimental tools that we have yet, allow us to understand that there are situations when between a large storm in the Sahara desert and the yield of biomass from the may be many interlinked and influencing factors. The major disappointment at the end of “Rio + 20” Conference held in 2012, was that the final resolution was blocked by the group of the Non-on the argument that the developed countries have already a set of technologies on the shelf and would like to impose them to the developing countries. Such an argument is very often promoted in different Conferences or meetings organized at certain levels. As an example, in Romania, the scientific research activities on wind energy have started in 1974 as a for Sources. Over many decades, there were spent significant amounts of funds for developing original solutions and technologies. Unfortunately, the scientific research achievements have not been transferred to industry and business. As a consequence, when Romania joined the EU in 2007 and specific subsidy programs have been initiated to promote renewable energy sources, all investment projects on wind farms have been developed with technologies from the developed countries. It took us several years to understand the very important connection between the scientific research, innovation and competitiveness at regional and global scales. At present, at the Institute for Nanotechnologies and Sources, at “Ovidius” University of Constanta, we have established a special framework for cooperation between Academia and Industry. We are working together with 9 companies on developing competitive products and services integrating nanomaterials and nanotechnologies. The solutions that are developed by joint team of researchers from our institute and partner companies include antistatic paints for solar PV and thermal panels for the reduction of dust depositions and securing their performances, anti-corrosion solutions for heat pump installations in coastal areas using sea water, catalytic filters for waste biomass boilers to facilitate the combustion of a wide range of waste biomass, nanofluid based oils for high performance ORC installations, hybrid solar panels, MEAs for urea fuel cells but also IoS and IoT solutions for monitoring and system control.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Astrobiologists study extremophiles like Thermophiles to understand life's potential on Mars. [SEP] Text: Shallow marine vents provide a variety of thermal gradients and are rich in nutrients and minerals, located, among other sites, in the in the south-east of the island Milos in the (Fig. 7). First analyses of thermophilic bacterial consortia around shallow marine vents in the started in 1999 with a cultivation-based approach and molecular methods such as DGGE analysis of amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments (Sievert et al. 1999). The first isolated microorganisms of said shallow marine vent system were the hyperthermophilic archaea Thermococcus aegaeicus and Staphylothermus hellenicus growing optimally at 90 °C and 85 °C, respectively (Arab et al. 2000). Furthermore, Sievert and Kuever isolated the thermophilic sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfacium hydrothermale from heated sediment of the same shallow marine vent system (Sievert and Kuever 2000). Fig. 7Location of geothermal areas and hot springs in GreeceFull size imageGreece is a country rich in terrestrial hot springs, although most exhibit temperatures below 50 °C. hot spring on the island of Lesvos has been investigated for its microbial diversity at temperatures of up to 89 °C (Kormas et al. 2009; Mizerakis et al. 2017). The archaeal community consisted of only two phylotypes, Crenarchaeota (93. 9% dominance) and Archaeoglobus fulgidus, while the most abundant bacterial phylotype was identified as Hydrogenophilus thermoluteolus (Kormas et al. 2009). At the outflow of Polichnitos hot spring, 16S rRNA gene analysis revealed bacterial species commonly detected in hot springs (Mizerakis et al. 2017). However, strains related to species never observed in hot environments but in marine habitats were identified as well, indicating a unique bacterial community. Bacterial and archaeal diversity have also been investigated at Edipsos hot spring by sequencing the 16S rRNA encoding genes, resulting in the dominant archaeal phylotype Crenarchaeota (43. 2%) and dominant bacterial phylotype Persephonella hydrogeniphila (61. 9%) (Kormas et al. 2009).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Market segmentation helps businesses target specific customer groups. [SEP] Text: It is defined as a cumulative construct comprising satisfaction with specific components like products and services of an organisation and satisfaction with various aspects of a firm such as facilities, people or technology. 28 The construct is based on ‘an overall evaluation of the total purchase and experience with a good or a service over time’ defined by Anderson et al. 29 The component attitudes has been linked to different aspects of the service offering as expressed in items A1–A3 (see Table 2). The construct trust as a social norm is defined as confidence, trustworthiness and reliability in building and establishing successful relationships. Trustworthiness and trust are often seen as mutual as ‘the trustworthiness of one party results in the other party trusting that party’ by Jansson (op. cit. , p. 211). 30 Garbarino and Johnson define trust as ‘customer confidence in the quality and reliability of the services offered by the organization’, thus highlighting the importance of the construct. In the present study, organisational trust was measured using a five-item scale: items B1–B5. The construct commitment is defined as the relative propensity of a customer to engage in and maintain a relationship. 31 Although central to relationship marketing, there is no general agreement on the nature of the construct. Nonetheless, the construct is generally defined in terms of the affective and continuance components that might affect a single relationship. It was measured using a five-item scale: items C1–C5. The construct future intentions is defined as a customer's desire to leave or stay with an organisation or the likelihood of doing so. 32 It was measured using a four-item scale: items D1–D4. The construct brand satisfaction is defined as satisfaction with the company. It was measured using a four-item scale following items E1–E3. The construct brand familiarity is defined as the degree to which customers know the brand and have clear perceptions of its characteristics. It was measured using a two-item scale: items F1–F2. The construct brand attitudes is defined as attitudes towards the company. It was measured using a five-item scale: items G1–G5. The scales used to measure the constructs were adapted from Garbarino and Johnson and all scale items are given in Table 2.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Renewable energy sources are increasingly crucial for sustainable development. [SEP] Text: Putting in the forefront the industry, we try to improve their competitiveness and to build trust in cooperation with other players within the EU and worldwide. In 2015, in New York, the UN adopted the 2030 Agenda for and the Goals (SDGs), which include a dedicated goal on energy, SDG 7, calling to “ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all". It is also important to mention the fact that Energy, lies at the heart of both the 2030 Agenda for and the on Climate Change. A fundamental element to support the SDG 7, is to facilitate to all the citizens of the World the access to up-to-date knowledge which includes the to scientific research results. But, in a document of the [1] developed based on a comprehensive analysis of a large volume of scientific publications, it is mentioned that “Mostly due to current methods of capture and data malpractice, approximately 50% of all research data and experiments is considered not reproducible, and the vast majority (likely over 80%) of data never makes it to a trusted and sustainable repository. ” In this respect, the movement including the aspects related to to the content of Scientific Journals, the Openness of the entire cycle of the scientific research process and the FAIR principles to publish data and metadata, may be also considered as a basic attempt for addressing the implementation of SDG 7. This year, the established a pilot project on dedicated to the risks and vulnerabilities of using manufactured nanomaterials involving a group of researchers and with the support of the Cluster and this process shall be further extended. In the new paradigm of energy engineering, the symbiotic link between energy and information led to a fundamentally new approach on energy modeling. Recently, we started a new project under EU H2020 with a very valuable Europe wide consortium dedicated to the integration of waste heat streams from the industry in the systems. The approach that we are developing is to use massive data sets captured from a large variety of sensors and to develop and various other dedicated data mining tools for understanding the consumption characteristics of end-users, the matching with the available waste heat streams from local industries and with local resources of renewable energy. As a consequence, in the new paradigm, the optimization solutions are shifting from compliance with simple objective functions (as minimal cost or minimal impact) towards compliance with complex, dynamic, data driven solutions. Keywords sustainable energy, open science, sustainable development goals Full Text: PDF 2016.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Phosphine detected in Venus’s atmosphere may suggest microbial life. [SEP] Text: 12 mm line was a good compromise between weaker lower frequencies and higher frequencies that would be more likely to be obscured by spectrally similar molecules in Earth’s atmosphere. To verify the result, the team conducted follow-up observations in 2019 using 43 radio telescopes of the Millimeter/(ALMA) in Chile’s Atacama Desert, one of the driest places on Earth. The expected strength of the 1. 12 mm absorption line was well within the capabilities of ALMA. But the real challenge came from detecting a single line against the optically thick layers of Venus’s atmosphere. Radio telescopes in the ALMA array in Chile were used to scan Venus’s atmosphere. Credit: Sangku Kim/ESO Could other gases absorb at wavelengths near the wavelength associated with phosphine? One possibility is sulfur dioxide, which Greaves and her team expected to produce a weak line in Venus’s cloud decks. That was easily ruled out as a contaminant because the spectral signature of SO2 could mimic that of PH3 only at temperatures much hotter than those measured in the upper clouds. Current databases do not show other chemical species that can explain the observed feature. Both the authors and outside scientists call for further work to confirm the presence of phosphine on Venus, and they note that PH3 has other potentially observable absorption lines. However, those higher-frequency spectral features could require a future large airborne or space-borne telescope to overcome obscuration by water vapor in Earth’s atmosphere. Another possibility for future confirmation is to make use of ground-based IR telescopes, which have previously been used to identify PH3 in the hydrogen-rich, reducing atmospheres of Jupiter and Saturn. Deep within those giant planets’ atmospheres, temperatures and pressures are high enough for phosphorus to exist as phosphine. Convection currents then transport the molecule to the upper atmosphere. Unknown chemistry The most provocative question is whether the phosphine has a biotic origin. On Earth, humans create PH3 as a pesticide in industrial settings, and the molecule has been found both in anoxic habitats and in laboratory mixtures of bacteria. But no known enzymes create phosphine. The molecule may be a decay product produced in anaerobic environments where living things have died. Life on a planet with acidic clouds would not look like life on Earth. Acid chemically extracts the water from sugars, such as those in cell walls or in RNA, and leaves behind charcoal.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Market segmentation helps businesses target specific customer groups. [SEP] Text: Overall satisfaction was measured with the conventional semantic differential (SD) scale as well as a comparative item (Cm) in relation to other competitors on seven-point scales ranging from one (much worse) to seven (much better). Other items were measured on five-point Likert-type (Lkt) scales ranging from one (disagree) to five (agree). Measurement validationInitially, I used a confirmatory factor analysis to assess the measurement validity for all constructs (construct validity) in the research framework. The confirmatory factor analysis was based on the methods Analysis (PCA) and Varimax with Kaiser Normalisation. The initial results did not indicate that any items loaded poorly on their respective scales. Consequently, it was not necessary to delete any items. Table 3 shows the results for the constructs, factor loadings and mean scores for each individual item. Table 3 Confirmatory factor analysis total sampleFull size tableA confirmatory factor analysis is often regarded as superior to other, more traditional criteria in terms of scale validation. 28 3, it is clear that all items relate strongly to the constructs and are close to one. For each construct (factor), the individual items are highly loaded, exceeding 0. 5. This means that the items are acceptable and reliable measures of the chosen constructs. For this reason, the measurement of the constructs and the resulting indicators allow valid theoretical generalisations to be made. The correlation coefficients for all the constructs in the study were measured with Pearson's r in order to assess discriminant validity. The point is frequently made that items of different constructs could possibly measure the same thing if they are too highly correlated. Therefore, researchers commonly use a rule of thumb of r=0. 85 as a cutoff for the assessment of discriminant validity. Table 4 contains a correlation matrix of the constructs. Table 4 Correlation matrix total sampleFull size tableThe interrelationships between the constructs are positive according to Pearson's r and the correlation coefficients are between 0. 5 and 1. 0, except for brand satisfaction and brand familiarity. Overall, there is a strong correlation between the constructs, but for no construct does the rule-of-thumb value exceed r=0. 85, indicating that the construct indicators do not measure the same thing. In order to consider the two hypotheses, the measurement validity for all the constructs (construct validity) was assessed with regard to the two customer groups of active and passive customers.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Renewable energy sources are increasingly crucial for sustainable development. [SEP] Text: and Pay in EMI's. S. Rathore, N. L. of Origin: Imprint:NIPA eISBN:9789390083862 Binding:EOf Pages:310 Language:Price: 106. 93 USD 96. 24 USD Add to cart Contact for About the Book Content/Buy 1. 1 to energy is a crucial enabling condition for achieving sustainable development. Prudent energy policies and research can play an important role in steering both industrialized and developing countries onto more sustainable energy development paths. Specifically, they can strengthen the three pillars of sustainable development: the economy, by boosting productivity, social welfare, by improving living standards and enhancing safety and security, and the environment, by reducing indoor and outdoor pollution and remediating environmental degradation. 1. 2 Energy and it’s in any form is necessary to meet many of our requirements. It’s varying definitions shows the importance of energy in our life. 1 - 18 (18 Pages) USD34. 99 Add to cart 1. 1 to energy is a crucial enabling condition for achieving sustainable development. Prudent energy policies and research can play an important role in steering both industrialized and developing countries onto more sustainable energy development paths. Specifically, they can strengthen the three pillars of sustainable development: the economy, by boosting productivity, social welfare, by improving living standards and enhancing safety and security, and the environment, by reducing indoor and outdoor pollution and remediating environmental degradation. 1. 2 Energy and it’s in any form is necessary to meet many of our requirements. It’s varying definitions shows the importance of energy in our life. 2 Planning 2. 1 is one of the main input for rural development and economic development. The greater part of the world population lives at low standard and a quarter of the population or about 1. 5 billion, have an extremely low standard of life. Energy is one of the essential requirement of the quality of life the people. The industrial development or even large scale food production, water supply, textile manufactures & construction of building and other recreation items are not possible without adequate supply of energy. Therefore, one of the most important tasks is to provide adequate, reliable, convenient and efficient supply of energy, if quality of life of the people is to be raised from its present level of grinding poverty. Table 2. 1 project the global primary energy supply in six scenarios i. e A1 - its strong emphasis on oil and natural gas use.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Phosphine detected in Venus’s atmosphere may suggest microbial life. [SEP] Text: To test for life in a place where any known life should not exist, one needs to consider another reducing gas or look for complicated macromolecules that are not necessarily proteins or RNA. “It’s easier to prove it’s not life than get evidence that it is life,” says paper coauthor of MIT. Venus’s atmosphere is hot and dense, is composed mainly of carbon dioxide, and supports opaque clouds of sulfuric acid. Beyond that, “there’s a lot that we don’t really know,” Bains says. The team’s calculations of chemical products resulting from possible Venusian geologic and atmospheric activity, including lightning and meteorite strikes, could not explain the 20 ppb of phosphine in Venus’s acidic environment. There is too much oxygen to promote formation of phosphine, and any phosphorus should exist as phosphate in the highly oxidizing atmosphere. Instead, it is likely that the actual reaction pathway simply has not yet been considered. One major unknown is the photochemistry of the cloud droplets themselves. If there are phosphorous species in the atmosphere of Venus—and the Vega descent probe in 1985 indicated that there are—then some would dissolve in and react with the sulfuric acid and other chemicals in the cloud droplets. But precisely what happens to the droplets when irradiated by solar UV light is still a mystery. A reaction of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid, for example, won’t directly yield PH3. UV light could alter that reaction and lead to other pathways. Further, the observations do not provide information about the temporal evolution or lifetime of phosphine. Uncovering new chemical pathways could help explain not only the formation of PH3 but also the rate at which it is ultimately destroyed—and why that rate is slower than expected in the oxidizing atmosphere. “Exploring the importance of potential loss pathways will help to define what processes must be overcome for the phosphine to be detectable,” says Kandi Jessup, a senior research scientist at the Institute who was not involved in the phosphine work. Chemists are beginning to explore cloud droplet photochemistry in laboratories on Earth. “Cook up something like the clouds of Venus, add phosphorus, get a UV source, and see what happens,” Bains says. “But make sure you have a good fume hood.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Market segmentation helps businesses target specific customer groups. [SEP] Text: A second confirmatory factor analysis using PCA was also conducted, and the results for the individual construct and the factor loading for each group are presented in Table 5. Table 5 Confirmatory factor analysis for customer groupsFull size tableHere too, all items are highly related to the constructs and are close to one. For each construct, the individual items are highly loaded, exceeding 0. 5, meaning that the items are acceptable and reliable measures of the chosen constructs. Once again, this enables valid theoretical generalisations to be made about the differences between the two customer groups. A second analysis of the correlation coefficients was also conducted, using Pearson's r to assess discriminant validity. The analysis yielded similar results as in the previous analysis, proving that the items of the constructs do not measure the same thing. premise underlying the research is that there is a difference in the fundamental orientation between customer groups, as expressed in Hypothesis 1 and Hypothesis 2. This refers to either the relational orientation (strong relationship) or the transactional orientation (weak relationship). It was assumed that customers with strong relationships should have high levels of trust and of commitment compared to customers with weak relationships. Table 6 shows that, according to the research results, there is indeed a difference between active customers and passive customers with regard to levels of trust and of commitment. Table 6 Differences among customer groupsFull size tableA t-test for an independent sample was used to assess whether the mean scores of the two groups – active customers versus passive customers – were statistically different. The t-test was deemed appropriate, because the research objective was to compare the differences between the mean scores of the two groups, relative to the spread or variability of the respective scores. If significant differences were to exist, it would then be evident that active customers and passive customers would differ from one another in terms of high levels of trust and of commitment. If active customers are seen as strong relationship customers, they should differ on a large number of items compared to passive customers. The active customers differ significantly on 22 of the 27 measured items, which corresponds to 81. 4 per cent. Consequently, it is quite evident that active customers are more relational and passive customers are less relational, which supports Hypotheses 1 and 2. It is clear that many of the differences are also highly significant at the 0. 001 level. Regarding the measured constructs, it is evident that some of the items do not yield significant differences.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Renewable energy sources are increasingly crucial for sustainable development. [SEP] Text: A2 - which is coal-intensive. A3 - which emphasises the roles of natural gas, new renewables and nuclear in averting serious problems from emissions. B - Middle course. C1- with its emphasis on energy efficiency improvements, new renewables (especially solar in the longer run), but with nuclear power phased out by 2100 because unable to satisfy its critics and C2 - where nuclear power plays an expanding role. 19 - 38 (20 Pages) USD34. 99 Add to cart 2. 1 is one of the main input for rural development and economic development. The greater part of the world population lives at low standard and a quarter of the population or about 1. 5 billion, have an extremely low standard of life. Energy is one of the essential requirement of the quality of life the people. The industrial development or even large scale food production, water supply, textile manufactures & construction of building and other recreation items are not possible without adequate supply of energy. Therefore, one of the most important tasks is to provide adequate, reliable, convenient and efficient supply of energy, if quality of life of the people is to be raised from its present level of grinding poverty. Table 2. 1 project the global primary energy supply in six scenarios i. e A1 - its strong emphasis on oil and natural gas use. A2 - which is coal-intensive. A3 - which emphasises the roles of natural gas, new renewables and nuclear in averting serious problems from emissions. B - Middle course. C1- with its emphasis on energy efficiency improvements, new renewables (especially solar in the longer run), but with nuclear power phased out by 2100 because unable to satisfy its critics and C2 - where nuclear power plays an expanding role. 3 for and Supply 3. 1 is now latest national thinking going on to conserve the known sources of energy such as firewood, cow dung, agricultural waste, kerosene, oil etc. i. e. by limiting their conventional uses and to propagate the use of non conventional energy especially in the rural area. The large scale indiscriminate use of non commercial fuels fully in the rural areas are not only providing to be inefficient but also inadequate to cope with the growing rural energy demand caused by growing population and growing consciousness among rural people for a better way of life. Planned input of energy are, therefore urgently require to protect the environment and to cope with raising rural energy demand.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Phosphine detected in Venus’s atmosphere may suggest microbial life. [SEP] Text: In situ and UAV Lidar Retrieva. . . Moose’s Datas. . . Dataset of Nor. . . Dataset of Integrating Satelli. . . Argo-of FAO. . . No. 10 Vol. 9,2022 Dataset over. . . A Software for Geospatial Data. . . of the Koshi Riv. . . Dataset. . . on Panshi Qiantan. . . Enterprises. . . China’s Research on COVID-19 V. . . China’s Research on COVID-19 V. . . China’s Research on COVID-19 V. . . No. 09 Vol. 9,2022 GIES Case 3 Video on Rice Perm. . . GIES Case 6 Video on Chinese C. . . GIES Case 7 Video on Summer An. . . GIES Case 12 Video on Qiantang. . . GIES Case 11 Video on Panshi L. . . GIES Case 2 Video on Baoshan A. . . GIES Case 9 Video on Wheat-Mai. . . GIES Case 13 Video on Suining. . . GIES Case 5 Video on Yang Coun. . . "Flying Wings" Program for the. . . No. 08 Vol. 9,2022 0. 625°x0. 4712°. . . Reconstruction dataset of Stan. . . of 1-km Vegetatio. . . Islands in Area of. . . Dataset of the Globall. . . Water System, Basin and Elevat. . . Water System, Basin and Elevat. . . of Identi. . . No. 07 Vol. 9,2022 Ecosystem Dataset. . . Water System, Watershed and El. . . Reduction Effe. . . of Annu. . . Bathymetry and In. . . Spatial-temporal Distribution. . . Dataset of Spatio-temporal Cha. . . and Slope, Relief. . . No. 06 Vol. 9,2022 Lig. . . of Annu. . . 30-year Average Monthly/1-km C. . . High-temperature D. . . Erosion/deposition Changes Dat. . . of Land Use. . .

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Market segmentation helps businesses target specific customer groups. [SEP] Text: I will now analyse and comment on the individual constructs and their indicators in order to explain and interpret the difference between the active and the passive customers. With respect to organisational trust, only two items of five are significant at the 0. 001 level, one item at the 0. 05 level and two are not significant at all. The three items indicating high levels of trust are related to such indicators as expectations, reliability and confidence that could be interpreted as characterising active customers with relatively strong relationships compared to passive customers with weak relationships. With respect to commitment, four items of five are significant at the 0. 001 level and one is not significant at all. The four items indicating high levels of commitment are related to indicators such as pride and emotions regarded as characterising active customers with relatively strong relationships compared to passive customers. In terms of future intentions, three items of four are significant at the 0. 001 level and one is not significant at all. The three items are all related to such indicators as loyalty and relationship sustainability, which could be interpreted as characterising active customers with relatively strong relationships compared to passive customers. For brand satisfaction, all three items are significant at the 0. 001 level. The three items are all related to indicators such as quality and reliability, which could characterise active customers with strong relationships compared to passive customers. In terms of brand attitudes, three items are significant at the 0. 001 level and two at the 0. 05 level. All items relate to indicators associated with different components of the service offering, such as guarantees, fast delivery and satisfactory services as a whole, as well as to the design of photo bags and photo processing services, which could characterise active customers with relatively strong relationships compared to passive customers. The results also indicate that there are no significance differences between active and passive customers with regard to brand familiarity. A possible explanation might be the lack of interpersonal relationships as well as personal interaction between the company and its customers, a situation that makes it difficult to establish a meaningful personal relationship with the company. It could, however, also be the case that the wrong items were applied in measuring the construct or that too few items were measured. Finally, the results show that commitment compared to trust seems to be more strongly related to future intentions for active customers with respect to items that yield a high significance of difference to the degree of relational orientation. This could indicate a positive interrelationship among commitment, brand satisfaction and brand attitude in distinguishing active from passive customers.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Renewable energy sources are increasingly crucial for sustainable development. [SEP] Text: The rural energy problem is multi dimensional & needs to be tackled through a multi dimensional integrated approach which would include augmentation of energy supply resources, technology transfer for optimum & productive use of resources, R & D inputs in particular for developing low cost energy options for the rural poor, education & training for rural users, linkage with various rural development programmes including village & small scale industries programme and adequate institutional & financial support. The multi dimensional approach for making a village self sufficient in energy planning is illustrated in Fig. 4. 1. 47 - 51 (5 Pages) USD34. 99 Add to cart 4. 1 energy census survey has become the basis for planning & implementation of the village development based on conventional and non conventional sources which are appropriate to the local needs. The continuous and widespread use of non commercial sources of energy in the rural area is resulting in the large scale destruction of the environment. While the rural people get non conventional fuels at almost zero private cost, the social cost for meeting their energy needs has been increasing over the year. Hence the non conventional fuels acquired a special significance in the energy context. The rural energy problem is multi dimensional & needs to be tackled through a multi dimensional integrated approach which would include augmentation of energy supply resources, technology transfer for optimum & productive use of resources, R & D inputs in particular for developing low cost energy options for the rural poor, education & training for rural users, linkage with various rural development programmes including village & small scale industries programme and adequate institutional & financial support. The multi dimensional approach for making a village self sufficient in energy planning is illustrated in Fig. 4. 1. 5 Approaches for These three requirements are required to be followed in sequence for getting maximum benefits. However, integrated rural energy concept is a new area of work and not much experience is available in this field as compared to other rural development activities. It is difficult to give any guidelines for planning. One can only recommend approaches and not solutions to planning. The rural area in developing countries are almost always rich in one or another sources of energy, which could be used separately or in combination with other sources in decentralized small scale units, or even on a household scale. Thus, the problem is one of good planning, management and a strong educational and promotions campaign, rather than the non availability of resources or the lack of technology. Further, after planning, prefect development of device and their effective operation is required. The purpose of the project should be clearly defined.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Lunar ice deposits may harbor ancient microorganisms from Earth's early history. [SEP] Text: 2 Baruch/Jeremiah: 1 Baruch: Greek,” in of the Bible, vol. 2: Scriptures, part 2B (gen. ed. A. Lange, vol. eds. F. Feder and M. Henze; Leiden: Brill, 2019), 11–15 [instead of just: T. Michael, “Greek,” in. . . ] For citation from the online edition use "cite this page" below the 9. 2. 3 Minor Prophets: Texts: Other Texts" in of the Bible, vol. 1: Bible (gen. ed. A. Lange, vol. eds. A. Lange and E. Tov; Leiden: Brill, 2016). 5, 2017. doi: [vol. 2:] T. Michael, “2. 1. 2 Baruch/Jeremiah: 1 Baruch: Greek” in of the Bible, vol. 2: Scriptures (gen. ed. A. Lange, vol. eds. F. Feder and M. Henze); Leiden: Brill, 2019), 5, 2020. doi: Title: of the Publisher: Brill Subjects: : (General Editor); (vol. editors for vol. 1); (vol. editors for vol. 2; 2B and 2C published in 2019, 2A to be published in 2020); and (d. 2020) (vol. editors for vol. 3 to be published in 2021-2023); and Andrès (vol. editors for Handbook series) In was the responsible editor for the primary versions as well as the and the Masoretic text including the corresponding overview 1. 1. 1 and 1. 2. 3 while worked on entries 1. 1. 2; 1. 2. 1; 1. 2. 2; 1. 4; 1. 7. 1 and 1. 7. 2. is professor for Judaism at the University of Vienna, the Director of Vienna University's Institute for Jewish Studies, a member of the editing the Scrolls, and a corresponding member of the of Sciences. He has published extensively on the Hebrew Bible, its textual criticism, Judaism, and the Scrolls. is senior academic researcher and project coordinator of the academy project Edition and Translation of the Coptic-Testament at the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Market segmentation helps businesses target specific customer groups. [SEP] Text: study presented provides a new perspective on how customer groups might be differentiated in terms of weak or strong relationships in a firm's customer base. It is evident that a firm's customer base can be used for segmentation purposes by applying the concepts of trust, commitment and relationships in the managerial application of CRM. Some of the main findings and contributions from this research are considered below. 1 The study provides evidence of the existence of the a priori hypothesised groups of customers within a service provider's customer base, that is, active and passive customers. For this reason, the chosen constructs, as indicators, could be used in differentiating between high and low levels of trust and of commitment. 2 The study shows that these groups of customers differ significantly in terms of their levels of trust and of commitment to the service provider. The results also indicate that active customers seem to be more satisfied and committed than passive customers, having more trust and stronger future intentions as well as more favourable brand attitudes. 3 The study also identifies and highlights the main differences between the two groups of customers in terms of high or low levels of trust and of commitment as a basis for customer segmentation. It allows a firm to distinguish between transactional and relational strategies in developing long-term customer relationships. The research confirms the existence of differences regarding levels of trust and of commitment between customers with high or low relational orientations. In the present study, the active customers differ significantly with respect to 81 per cent of the measured items compared with 88 per cent from the study of Garbarino and Johnson. Some theoretical implications for the managerial school and marketing strategy will now be discussed. For some time now, the managerial school has been preoccupied with marketing management, planning and strategy. Marketing management is heavily associated with the development of a marketing mix, which in turn has led to a particular form of marketing strategy. The market segmentation process has been based on mass marketing and concerned largely or even exclusively with identifying market segments. The results from the current research indicate that in a traditional consumer mass marketing service context, according to the managerial school, there are customer groups with either a high or a low relational orientation that can be depicted on a transactional/relational continuum. In this consumer mass marketing service context, individual customers are not the focus of attention, in contrast to the relationship marketing management school, which emphasises customer and partner relationship management.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Renewable energy sources are increasingly crucial for sustainable development. [SEP] Text: Meeting energy requirements for production activities which would create employment and productivity in rural areas. 77 - 88 (12 Pages) USD34. 99 Add to cart 7. 1 has become a critical input for the economic development of the India because of the wide spread scarcity of oil and electricity and other commercial form of energy. The rural areas are often the worst affected because of these shortages and the rural population continues to depend on the inefficient non-commercial energy from like fire wood, cow dung, human and animal for meeting their energy requirement for subsistence, production and devolvement needs. The rural energy crises or “The energy crisis” has been getting increased attention from the policy makers to tackle the problem in a planned and integrated manner. The rural energy sector is concerned with two major planning issues. Provision of energy for meeting substance needs for cooking, heating and lighting of the rural areas of the country. This problem is also directly linked to the problem of deforestation and environmental destruction being caused in the rural area because of indiscriminate and wide spread use of non conventional energy sources. Meeting energy requirements for production activities which would create employment and productivity in rural areas. 8 Utilisation of for 8. 1 concept of social justice led to a raise the standard of living of the masses. This is only possible by meeting the energy needs of industry, agriculture, transport and domestic use. The energy of demand has been increasing tremendously all over the world science mid – nineteenth century due to rise in industrial and agricultural activities and was being met to a great extent by fossil fuels. Three factors led the mankind to look for alternative renewable sources of energy like solar, wind, hydro etc. (1) there is a danger that the rate at which the non renewable sources of energies are being consumed presently may lead to a global shortage in the near future. This has already happen in case of oil. (2) Use of fossil fuel involves emission of toxic gases polluting the environment causing health hazards of living being. and (3) the demand and supply gas of energy is continuously widening, thus necessitating to exploit renewable sources of energy. Out of various renewable energy sources, solar energy has been a promising one and lot of development has been taken in its technology for various uses. The numbers of technology engaged in developing solar energy for meaningful use are aiming to achieve the following objectives- 89 - 148 (60 Pages) USD34. 99 Add to cart 8.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Lunar ice deposits may harbor ancient microorganisms from Earth's early history. [SEP] Text: Минералого-геохимическая специфика разновозрастных орогенных месторождений золотаВремя формированияМеталлогенический стильМеталлы-индикаторыРудные минералыЖильные минералыПримерыместорожденийИсточникиАрхейМафическийAu/Ag ˃ 5As, W, ± Пирит, арсенопирит, галенит, пирротин, сфалерит, халькопирит, тетраэдрит-теннантит, сульфосоли, антимонит, Au, Ag, Pb и Bi теллуриды и сульфотеллуриды и др.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Market segmentation helps businesses target specific customer groups. [SEP] Text: 33 The foundation of relationship marketing has been customer-centric, so that it has been seen as a paradigm shift in marketing, in contrast to the seller perspective of marketing, where marketers consider the classic 4P's from a consumer-oriented perspective. The first theoretical implication is the shift from identifying consumer segments to identifying customer groups. In my research, as a basis for analysis, planning and strategy were related to the actual customer base of the company and not the anonymous consumer base in the market. The results support the notion that the only meaningful categorisation of customers is actual behaviour and not potential or speculative behaviour. This conclusion also confirms the importance of defining customers from a customer-centric perspective, in contrast to the perspective of consumers. This has been illustrated by the two-dimensional concept of segmentation. The second implication is the shift from the consumer as a transactional entity to the customer as a relational entity. In my research, the assumption is that the hypothetical customer groups are defined as active (relational) and passive (transactional). The results confirm that the two customer groups are different in terms of relational orientation with respect to the levels of trust and of commitment. The third implication is the shift from a goods-centered context to a service-centered context following Vargo and Lusch,4 which ‘combines tangible products with intangible services’ by Jansson. 34 The research indicates that the service offering of the company consists of the delivered photos –‘the tangible product’– and the processing –‘the intangible services’. In this case, the products form the basis for service provision. The main implication of the study is clear support for the notion that a paradigm shift is taking place from the traditional marketing mix to a focus on customers and relationships, or from the managerial school to the relationship marketing management school. study is one of the few empirical studies of relationship marketing concepts within a consumer mass marketing context of services. The context entails an indirect interaction between the firm, as a brand, and its customers in terms of nonpersonal relationships compared to interpersonal relationships, where the direct interaction is generally emphasised. A major conclusion is that in a consumer mass marketing context for services, it is possible to identify customer/supplier relationships related to the concepts of trust and of commitment.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Renewable energy sources are increasingly crucial for sustainable development. [SEP] Text: 1 concept of social justice led to a raise the standard of living of the masses. This is only possible by meeting the energy needs of industry, agriculture, transport and domestic use. The energy of demand has been increasing tremendously all over the world science mid – nineteenth century due to rise in industrial and agricultural activities and was being met to a great extent by fossil fuels. Three factors led the mankind to look for alternative renewable sources of energy like solar, wind, hydro etc. (1) there is a danger that the rate at which the non renewable sources of energies are being consumed presently may lead to a global shortage in the near future. This has already happen in case of oil. (2) Use of fossil fuel involves emission of toxic gases polluting the environment causing health hazards of living being. and (3) the demand and supply gas of energy is continuously widening, thus necessitating to exploit renewable sources of energy. Out of various renewable energy sources, solar energy has been a promising one and lot of development has been taken in its technology for various uses. The numbers of technology engaged in developing solar energy for meaningful use are aiming to achieve the following objectives- 9 Technology 9. 1 energy can be directly converted into electrical energy through photovoltaic route. Energy conversion devices which are used to convert sun light into electricity by use of the photovoltaic effect are called solar cells. The advantages of solar cells are: They are reliable, convenient and durable. It is green, sustainable and pollution free technology. Directly solar radiation can be converted into electricity (conversion of global solar light by flat plate photovoltaic). Maintenance cost is quite low therefore suitable even in isolated and remote area, since no moving parts are involved. Solar cells are quite compatible with almost all environments, respond instantaneously with solar radiation. Considerable expected lifetime i. e. 20 years or even more. No distribution system is required, because they are decentralized source of energy and located at the place of use. 149 - 170 (22 Pages) USD34. 99 Add to cart 9. 1 energy can be directly converted into electrical energy through photovoltaic route. Energy conversion devices which are used to convert sun light into electricity by use of the photovoltaic effect are called solar cells. The advantages of solar cells are: They are reliable, convenient and durable. It is green, sustainable and pollution free technology.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Lunar ice deposits may harbor ancient microorganisms from Earth's early history. [SEP] Text: Кварц, карбонаты, серицит, альбит, хлориты, турмалинЗападная Африка,КанадаBeziat et al. , 1999; Voicu et al. , 1999; Partinton & Williams, 2000; Ansdell & Kyser, 2002; Fougerouse et al. , 2017; Masurel et al. , 2017;ПалеозойМафическийAu ˃ AgAs, Pb, Sb, W ± TeПирит, пирротин, арсенопирит, галенит, сфалерит, халькопирит, тетраэдрит-теннантит, Sb-As сульфосоли, Au, Ag, Pb теллуридыКварц, карбонаты, серицит, альбит, хлоритыДалрадианский пояс (Ирландия), Саяны, Урал (Россия)Parnell et al. , 2000Sazonov et al. , 2001Zhmodik et al. , 1995Горячев и др.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Market segmentation helps businesses target specific customer groups. [SEP] Text: It is also evident that, within the customer base of a service firm, it is possible to identify different levels of trust and of commitment between two hypothetical groups of customers as a basis for customer segmentation and strategy. It is evident that customers characterised by strong relationships are highly satisfied and committed, with positive future intentions, while customers with weak relationships are passive, less satisfied and less committed, with less positive future intentions. In terms of relationship sustainability, customers with strong relationships seem to be more loyal partners, while customers with weak relationships seem to be more in the nature of sleeping partners, often referred to as defective customers. The results of my study conform to those of Pearson and Gessner,35 who discuss how a business firm can identify potentially defective customers through what they call ‘transactional segmentation’. The authors promote the concept of marketing to individuals rather than groups in using a firm's customer base to develop ‘a personal marketing strategy’. In my study, however, it has been shown that a segmentation approach in a CRM perspective, using the concepts of trust, commitment and relationships, allows a firm to develop and structure existing relationships in new ways. It is evident that active customers are characterised by high levels of trust and of commitment, which means that strong relationships exist over time. Active customers are loyal to the brand, proud of it and have feelings for it. For this reason, a firm should concentrate on developing a brand strategy that reinforces commitment to the brand through emotional, knowledge-based or other experiential elements of personal value to the customer. On the other hand, it has also been shown that passive customers are characterised by low levels of trust and of commitment, which means weak relationships that come and go from time to time. Passive customers trust the brand but are for certain reasons not so highly committed in terms of loyalty, pride or emotions as active customers. For this reason, a firm should concentrate on developing a brand strategy building and establishing relationships based on elements of personal value that could lead to commitment. In my study, the analysis gives support for the notion that levels of trust and of commitment exist among active as well as passive customers. But in order to build strong relationships with passive customers, it is obvious that commitment is the crucial factor in terms of a successful brand strategy. For this reason, a commitment-based approach will probably strengthen the relationships with both active as well as passive customers.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Renewable energy sources are increasingly crucial for sustainable development. [SEP] Text: Directly solar radiation can be converted into electricity (conversion of global solar light by flat plate photovoltaic). Maintenance cost is quite low therefore suitable even in isolated and remote area, since no moving parts are involved. Solar cells are quite compatible with almost all environments, respond instantaneously with solar radiation. Considerable expected lifetime i. e. 20 years or even more. No distribution system is required, because they are decentralized source of energy and located at the place of use. 10 Energy from Biomass 10. 1 term “biomass” generally refers to renewable organic matter generated by plants through photosynthesis. Materials having organic combustible matter is also referred under biomass. Biomass is an important fuel source in our overall energy scenario. Biomass is produced through chemical storage of solar energy in plants and other organic matter as a result of photosynthesis. During this process conversion of solar energy in sugar and starch, which are energy rich compounds takes place. The chemical reaction of photosynthesis can be written as: 171 - 194 (24 Pages) USD34. 99 Add to cart 10. 1 term “biomass” generally refers to renewable organic matter generated by plants through photosynthesis. Materials having organic combustible matter is also referred under biomass. Biomass is an important fuel source in our overall energy scenario. Biomass is produced through chemical storage of solar energy in plants and other organic matter as a result of photosynthesis. During this process conversion of solar energy in sugar and starch, which are energy rich compounds takes place. The chemical reaction of photosynthesis can be written as: 11 Biodiesel-11. 1 Biodiesel is a mixture of methyl esters of long chain fatty acids like lauric, palmitic, stearic, oleic and so on. It is produced by the transesterification of animal fats and vegetable oils – all of which belong to a group of organic esters called triglycerides. Typical examples are rape/canola oil, soyabean oil, sunflower oil, palm oil and its derivatives, etc. from vegetable sources, beef and sheep tallow and poultry oil from animal sources and also from used cooking oil. The chemistry is basically the same irrespective of the feedstock. The chemistry of biodiesel is given in Fig. 11. 1. 195 - 204 (10 Pages) USD34. 99 Add to cart 11.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Lunar ice deposits may harbor ancient microorganisms from Earth's early history. [SEP] Text: В архейских и раннепротерозойских орогенных золото-кварцевых жилах турмалин и минералы Bi и Te являются обычными минералами, в то время как в фанерозойских золоторудных месторождениях они концентрируются в самостоятельном золото-висмутовом типе (интрузион-релейтед). А минералы Sb концентрируются в мезотермальном орогенном золото-кварцевом и эпитермальном типах оруденения.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Market segmentation helps businesses target specific customer groups. [SEP] Text: In this sense, it does not matter what type of customer group, that is, active or passive, a firm should approach with its brand strategy in order to develop and maintain relationships. The notion here is that organisational trust already exists among both groups of customers. But in order to emphasise relationship development over time, commitment is the critical element of a firm's brand strategy. In this sense, active customers are already highly committed but passive customers are not. Finally, some of the limitations of the study should be mentioned. The research context is a profit-driven organisation in a service processing industry. It is possible that the generalisations derived from the study on differences among customer groups do not apply to other kind of firms, for example retail and banking organisations. In addition, the study is based on indirect interactions with the firm and its brand in terms of nonpersonal relationships rather than interpersonal relationships as in other studies. Therefore, further research is needed to validate and generalise the results. Finally, some crucial research questions that should be addressed in future research are: how to convert sleeping partners with weak relationships (passive customers) into strong relationships (active customers) and to determine how firms should differentiate their marketing programmes with regard to customers with strong or weak relationships.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Renewable energy sources are increasingly crucial for sustainable development. [SEP] Text: 13 Harnessing the Power from Wind 13. 1 are the motion of air around the earth. This movement in air is caused by the uneven heating of the planet’s surface by the sun. The idea of using wind as a form of power is not new. The traditional applications of wind were primarily as sources of kinetic energy for rural, agricultural and a limited number of industrial uses such as pumping water and grinding grain. Presently wind energy can be used for two major applications, such as wind mills for pumping water for drinking as well as for irrigation purposes and second application is as aero-generator for electricity generation for domestic and industrial uses. In addition to this, presently wind energy battery charger are also available, which can store energy for lights, radio communication, hospital equipment and to power various emergency related equipment. The wind energy has an enormous resource, but the problems of utilizing the winds are many and varied. Wind energy is very diffuse in nature and local topographical features significantly alter the prevailing winds thus leading to the extremely site specific nature of wind energy. Scientirsts have estimated that as much as 10 per cent of >the world’s electricity could be provided by wind generators by the middle of 21 century. India has estimated wind power potential of 45,000 MW. India now, ranks fourth in the world in wind power generation. The world’s largest wind farms are in California, where wind turbines can generate power upto about 1120 MW. The first wind mill used as source of electric power was built in Denmark in 1890. Presently in India about 2382 MW of electricity is being produced through wind energy. 221 - 244 (24 Pages) USD34. 99 Add to cart 13. 1 are the motion of air around the earth. This movement in air is caused by the uneven heating of the planet’s surface by the sun. The idea of using wind as a form of power is not new. The traditional applications of wind were primarily as sources of kinetic energy for rural, agricultural and a limited number of industrial uses such as pumping water and grinding grain. Presently wind energy can be used for two major applications, such as wind mills for pumping water for drinking as well as for irrigation purposes and second application is as aero-generator for electricity generation for domestic and industrial uses.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Mechanical stress can induce conformational changes in protein structures. [SEP] Text: On the contrary, the uracil moieties do not interact with the helicase with the exception of a hydrogen bond of U3 with the Ser 555 main-chain carboxyl group from the ratchet-like domain and a base stack between the U1 and Arg 562 which only occurs in one of the two alternative conformations. These Prp43-RNA interactions are, however, by far not enough for sequence-specific binding of a substrate RNA to Prp43. In addition to the unspecific RNA-binding mode of Prp43, RNA binding appears to be transient, as only four nucleotides are more tightly associated with Prp43. In the crystal structure presented, this corresponds to the nucleotides U4 to U7. At the 5’ end, the first three nucleotides are weakly bound by Prp43 since only 2 (conf. B) and 3 (conf. A) interactions are detectable, respectively. The weak interaction is additionally highlighted by elevated B-factors for this RNA region compared to the four other nucleotides (see Figure 1—figure supplement 3). After the first two nucleotides, a kink is introduced in the RNA backbone and the number of Prp43-RNA interactions gets more numerous and more intense. At the 3’end, the RNA does not interact with Prp43 as soon as the end of the RNA-binding tunnel is reached. The phosphate group of the eighth nucleotide is exactly located at the end of this tunnel. Compared to the nucleotides U4 to U7, this phosphate exhibits elevated B-factors. The U8 nucleoside was not defined in the electron density map and thus might indicate the presence of multiple RNA conformations at this site out of which none is clearly favorable due the lack of interactions with Prp43. Having determined the crystal structure of ctPrp43ΔN•U7•ADP•BeF3- another question concerning Prp43’s modus operandi did arise which is directly linked to its cellular role.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Market segmentation helps businesses target specific customer groups. [SEP] Text: 소개 학술지 논문 통계 한국어 English toggle menu KCI 후보 축제 방문객의 지리적 세분화와 심리적 세분화에 의한 표적시장 도출에 관한 연구: 울진워터피아페스티벌을 중심으로 A Study on the Market on the basis of : Focused on the Research 약어 : 2018 vol. 43, no. 3, 10. 32780/ktidoi. 2018. 43. 3.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Renewable energy sources are increasingly crucial for sustainable development. [SEP] Text: In addition to this, presently wind energy battery charger are also available, which can store energy for lights, radio communication, hospital equipment and to power various emergency related equipment. The wind energy has an enormous resource, but the problems of utilizing the winds are many and varied. Wind energy is very diffuse in nature and local topographical features significantly alter the prevailing winds thus leading to the extremely site specific nature of wind energy. Scientirsts have estimated that as much as 10 per cent of >the world’s electricity could be provided by wind generators by the middle of 21 century. India has estimated wind power potential of 45,000 MW. India now, ranks fourth in the world in wind power generation. The world’s largest wind farms are in California, where wind turbines can generate power upto about 1120 MW. The first wind mill used as source of electric power was built in Denmark in 1890. Presently in India about 2382 MW of electricity is being produced through wind energy. 14 14. 1 air pollution causes significant health problems for the two billion people worldwide who rely on biomass fuels for their cooking and heating needs. Over the last 30 years awareness of the environmental and social costs of using traditional fuels and stoves has grown. At the same time, studies of the problem have resulted in proven strategies to reduce both fuel use and harmful emissions. Unfortunately, the local stoves currently available do not always represent the best designs that modern engineering can offer. Although open fires are often used wastefully, carefully operated open fires can be fuel efficient and clean burning when tested in the lab. In many situations, cooks are not overly concerned with fuel use, and studies have shown that when fuel is plentiful three-stone fires can use an excessive amount of wood to cook a small amount of food. But in other places where fuel is scarce, open fires can be carefully controlled so that fuel efficiency rivals many first generation improved cook stoves. Modern cook stoves are designed to clean up combustion first. Then the hot gases can be forced to contact the pot and increasing efficiency without increasing harmful emissions. Fires can be clean burning when expert cooks push the sticks of wood into the fire as they burn, metering the fuel. The open fire can be a hot fire useful when food or drink needs to be prepared quickly. The energy goes into the pot, not into the cold body of a stove.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Mechanical stress can induce conformational changes in protein structures. [SEP] Text: Target sites in rRNA maturation and pre-mRNA splicing are very different and thus selective RNA binding would not be compatible with Prp43’s mode of function. Furthermore, a tight binding of substrate RNA would be undesirable since it would decrease the efficiency of Prp43 and prolong the required time for the release of substrate RNA. The comparison of the RNA-binding mode of Prp43 with that of MLE, a DExH-box protein from D. melanogaster that was previously crystallized with a U10-RNA and the transition state analog ADP•AlF4- (Prabu et al. , 2015), reveals several differences but also striking similarities. Despite the fact that the architecture of the conserved domains is almost identical and the relative position of the bound RNA in the helicase is similar, MLE binds poly-uridine RNA in a sequence-dependent manner. Numerous bases are specifically recognized by MLE and a tighter and much more elaborated interaction network between MLE and the RNA is present. Nonetheless, there are also noticeable similarities concerning the RNA interactions. In Prp43, four main-chain amide interaction interactions between residues of the RecA1 or RecA2 domains and the RNA are present, one with each of the tightly bound nucleotides (U4-U7). Glu 316 interacts with U4, Gly 349 with U5, Arg 153 with U6 and Arg 180 with U7 (Figure 1e). There are also two threonine residues of conserved motifs that interact with the RNA. Thr 195 from motif Ib and Thr 381 from motif V are involved in hydrogen bonding via their sides chains with the phosphates of the nucleotides U7 and U5, respectively. Interestingly, these main-chain amide interactions are completely conserved in MLE. Despite the fact that the residues themselves are not conserved in MLE, the position at which the interaction takes place is virtually identical (Figure 1—figure supplement 4). The corresponding interacting residues and nucleotides in MLE are Trp 663-U6, Ser 692-U7, Arg 443-U8 and Arg 470-U9. Furthermore, the interactions with the conserved threonine residues are also present in MLE (Thr 486-U9 and Thr 717-U7).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Market segmentation helps businesses target specific customer groups. [SEP] Text: 축제 방문객들의 거주지와 도달 시간의 지리적 세분화와 방문 의사결정 시점에 따른 심리적 세분화의 적용이 가능하다는 것을 확인하였다.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Telemedicine has expanded access to healthcare in remote areas. [SEP] Text: FormalPoints for This study aimed to assess/evaluate the efficiency and efficacy of a telemedicine system/unit intervention, monetize the economic benefits, and conclude if it is desirable or not. A larger population translates to a higher number of air medical transportations per year that can be avoided. Telemedicine systems/units may have an advantage in terms of access, equality, and quality of primary health services. 1 IntroductionTelemedicine units exchange health data from one hospital or health center to another via electronic communications, providing real-time services to multiple healthcare centers regardless of their locations [1]. They have off-site command centers, usually in hospitals, where doctors and nurses are connected with distant patients through real-time audio, visual, and electronic means, enabling real-time monitoring of patient instability or any abnormality in the laboratory, ordering of diagnostics tests, diagnosis and treatment, and control of life-supporting devices [2]. A satisfying amount of research has been performed in the US and Europe, in order to examine the implementation and utilization of telemedicine systems/units to determine their efficiency and efficacy. The results concluded that current studies are early steps before telemedicine systems/units become widespread, especially in Europe, implying that there is a lack of concrete evidence with which to fully assess the economic impact of telemedicine systems. Some cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA), cost-minimization analysis (CMA) and cost-utility analysis (CUA) studies demonstrated that telemedicine can reduce costs, but not all [3, 4, 6]. A CMA of telemedicine for two Greek islands was implemented, comparing the costs of telemedicine with those of referrals, where patients from remote areas travelled to the hospital for consultation, concluding that the costs of referrals were significantly greater than the costs of telemedicine [5]. Among the main limitations of the economic evaluations and assessments of telemedicine systems/units were the disparate estimation methods, a lack of randomized control trials, lack of long-term evaluation studies, small sample sizes, and absence of quality data and appropriate measures [6]. While many studies draw conclusions on cost based on decreased mortality and length of stay (LOS), actual cost was not reported [7–9].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Mechanical stress can induce conformational changes in protein structures. [SEP] Text: On consideration of ligand type alone, S4 sites - those with four Cys ligands, are the most labile type of structural Zn site, and are almost as reactive as a free thiol. 58 Most of the structural Zn sites identified in this study were of the S4 type (Table I), suggesting they are labile. Four catalytic Zn sites were also found in the dataset. These catalytic Zn sites are highly unusual because of their utilization of Cys as a ligand instead of the more usual His, Glu, or Asp. Two of the catalytic sites are within BHMT and MetH: enzymes of sulfur metabolism, which is redox-regulated in plants. 2 Selection of sulfur ligands for Zn in these enzymes may confer an additional level of redox control on sulfur metabolism. As an additional control, we checked whether metal atoms were expelled from oxidized structures. A metal atom is not present in over a third of the oxidized structures. For another structure, aspartate transcarbamylase (1tug), the metal site was only partially occupied in the oxidized chain. For the remaining structures where the metal atom is retained in the oxidized structure, the shortened SG-SG distance may be caused by a heterogeneous mix of oxidized and reduced, metal-bound structures in the ensemble. We reasoned that if the metal was expelled from some members of the ensemble, or partially expelled (still in the site but held, for example, by only two of four potential ligating Cys), then the B-factor should be higher than for chains where no shortened SG-SG distances are observed. Although B-factors cannot be compared between different structures, for some of the redox pairs, different chains of the same structure in different disulfide redox states could be compared. Our analysis confirmed that the B-factor of the metal was higher in the oxidized chains for 80% of structures (see Fig. 3). A similar result was obtained for proteins with Fe-S clusters. There were no instances of expulsion of the Fe-S cluster from the oxidized structure but oxidation of Fe-ligating Cys residues to form disulfides was generally associated with a higher B-factor of the relevant Fe atom than Fe atoms where the ligating Cys remained reduced. In contrast, in reduced structures all Fe atoms of the Fe-S cluster had similar B-factors.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Market segmentation helps businesses target specific customer groups. [SEP] Text: [학술지] 고미영 2012 추구편익을 활용한 지역축제 방문객 시장세분화 -제주올레걷기축제를 사례로- 관광학연구 36 (5) : 93 ~ 5 3. [학술지] 고호석 2005 경주 신라문화제 참여동기와 추구편익에 따른시장세분화에 관한 연구 관광연구 20 (2) : 1 ~ 2 4. [학술지] 김승수 2011 축제 참여 동기가 만족 및 행동의도에 미친 영향 연구 - 2011 한강 여의도 봄꽃축제를 중심으로 - 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지 5 (3) : 23 ~ 3 5.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Telemedicine has expanded access to healthcare in remote areas. [SEP] Text: The equipment of a telemedicine system/unit consists of IT equipment (hardware and software), office equipment, the access control system, and medical equipment (high resolution camera for macroscopic examination, digital stethoscope, rinoscope, otoscope, 12-lead cardiograph, ophthalmoscope, dermatoscope, and vital signs monitor) [16]. (b) Operating costs of a telemedicine system/unit were €1500 per month. These costs include the total cost of the salary of one employee, who is responsible for the proper functioning of a telemedicine system/unit and the maintenance costs of the equipment [16]. (c) Average air transportation costs (average air transportation costs of each trip) were €5846 for helicopters, which were mostly used. The cost of each air transportation depends on various facts, such as the distance and means of air transportation [15]. (d) The life cycle of a telemedicine system/unit installation was 5 years. (e) Discount rate was 4%, representing the average return on deposits’ interest. 3 ResultsBased on statistical data, air medical transportations cannot be avoided completely [15]. Approximately 25% of cases demand air transportation to a hospital. As a result, from the 21. 95 air medical transportations from Leros per year, 16. 46 can be avoided, while from the 8. 44 air medical transportations per year from Patmos, 6. 33 can be avoided. Specifically, from 21. 95 and 8. 44 air medical transportations, only 25% of them (5. 49 and 2. 11, respectively) should be authorized. Taking into account the saved costs from the installation of a telemedicine system/unit, the net cash inflows per year (cash inflows per year minus operation costs per year) were amplified during the 5-year period of the project. Patmos cash inflows per year were the multiplying result of 6. 33 air medical transportations saved per year due to the implementation of telemedicine system/unit, with the average air transportation costs per trip. For Leros, were the multiplying result of 16. 46 air medical transportations saved per year due to the implementation of telemedicine system/unit, with the average air transportation costs per trip. This resulted in higher NPV and IRR.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Mechanical stress can induce conformational changes in protein structures. [SEP] Text: ox, oxidized structure; re, reduced structure; ref, evidence for redox activity; ActRIIA, activin receptor type II; AKT2, Rac-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase; AMA1, apical membrane antigen 1; APH, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase; CPDase, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase; DNAse I, deoxyribonuclease-1; FBPase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase; G6PDH, glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase; GAS6, growth-arrest-specific protein 6; gdhB, glucose dehydrogenase; HGF, hepatocyte growth factor; His-tRNAs, histidyl-tRNA synthetase; Leu-tRNAs, leucyl-tRNA synthetase; p53BP1, tumor suppressor p53-binding protein 1; PRD1p2, adsorption protein p2; Psi55s, pseudouridine 55 synthase; SMase, sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase; SPase I, signal peptidase I; SPE-H, superantigen spe-h; TAXI1, Triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor I; TCRα 3A6, T-cell receptor α 3A6; TCRβ, T-cell receptor; TrmU, tRNA methyltransferase; TRPV2, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 2; Vit D; BP, vitamin D binding protein; Ac, Clostridium acetobutylicum; At, Arabidopsis thaliana, Bc, Bacillus cereus; Bp, Bacteriophage, Bs, Bacillus subtilis; Ec, E.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Market segmentation helps businesses target specific customer groups. [SEP] Text: [학술지] 김주호 2014 라이프스타일을 활용한 축제방문객 시장세분화 문화산업연구 14 (3) : 23 ~ 3 6. [학술지] 배만규 2010 축제 방문객 집단별 방문행태, 만족도, 개최성과 평가 비교: 대구약령시 한방문화축제를 중심으로 관광레저연구 22 (6) : 495 ~ 6 7. [학술지] 선종갑 2016 문화관광축제의 평가속성 만족을 활용한 시장세분화 - 마산 가고파국화축제를 대상으로 - 호텔리조트연구 15 (1) : 41 ~ 1 8.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Telemedicine has expanded access to healthcare in remote areas. [SEP] Text: Some of them tried to calculate the and payback period economic criteria, but in a cost-based method, having in mind the net savings from the use of telemedicine systems/units and ignoring factors that are crucial and important for the calculation of these criteria, such as the discount rate and the life cycle of the project [11, 12]. The main contribution of this original research, having in mind these economic evaluations and assessments, is to go one step further and calculate the and payback period economic criteria, in order to assess and evaluate the efficiency and efficacy of a telemedicine system/unit intervention, and monetize the economic benefits, concluding if it is desirable or not (from both economical and social perspectives). Some of the main limitations and weaknesses of the economic evaluation and assessment of telemedicine systems/units in Greek remote areas can be the lack of interested doctors, absence of funding or subsidizing of the project by the government, local treatment procedures, and organizational structures. These limitations and weaknesses can affect the validity of the results by canceling the whole project or increasing or decreasing the costs. Considering the results, a telemedicine system/unit installation on Leros seems to be more desirable due to a larger population, which indicates that the saved costs will be higher than on Patmos. A larger population translates to a higher number of air medical transportations per year that can be avoided. Specifically, the net cash inflows for Leros during the 5-year period are 4. 12 times higher than for Patmos (Table 2). As a result, Leros will depreciate the investment in 0. 70 years, while Patmos will take 3. 13 years (Table 3). Furthermore, the implementation of telemedicine systems/units may have some positive aspects, which may lead to the obviation of regional health disparities and create a sense of security for both patients and doctors, thus providing decent primary healthcare services to the residents of such remote/inaccessible areas. The installation of a telemedicine system/unit in a remote/inaccessible area aims to cover both emergency situations and some of the regular needs of each island on a healthcare level. It also aims to improve patients’ healthcare until their transfer to a hospital, but also the preparation of the doctors at the air medical transportation center.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: X-ray crystallography allows for the visualization of complex biomolecules at atomic resolution. [SEP] Text: , 2008) and cholesterol oxidase (Zarychta et al. , 2015). Neutron crystallography provides an alternative approach to sub-atomic X-ray crystallography for the location of H atoms and is the only approach for the location of highly polarized H atoms and protons (H+) since these are invisible with X-rays. As the coherent neutron scattering length of H and its isotope deuterium (D) are of similar magnitude to the other common elements of a macromolecule (Table 1), their positions can be located at much lower resolutions than required with X-rays. Furthermore, H atoms observed in electron density maps at sub-atomic resolution are generally those with low thermal motion while the more mobile H atoms, often the most biologically interesting, tend to remain invisible, as their already weak scattering signal is further smeared out. Neutron crystallography has been shown to provide the positions of H atoms that are difficult to observe in sub-atomic electron density maps, despite the much lower resolutions of the neutron diffraction data sets (Gardberg et al. , 2010). Table 1Neutron coherent scattering lengths and incoherent cross sections, and X-ray scattering lengths for the common elements of a macromolecule Neutron coherent Neutron X-ray scattering lengths (10−12 cm) number scattering length (10−12 cm) incoherent cross section (Barn = 10−28 m2) sin θ = 0 (sin θ)/λ = 0. 5 Å−1 1H 1 −0. 374 80. 27 0. 28 0. 02 2H (D) 1 0. 667 2. 05 0. 28 0. 02 12C 6 0. 665 0. 00 1. 69 0. 48 14N 7 0. 937 0. 50 1. 97 0. 53 16O 8 0. 580 0. 00 2. 25 0. 62 31P 15 0. 513 0. 01 4. 23 1. 83 32S 16 0. 280 0. 00 4. 50 1. 90 A further advantage of using neutrons is that they do not cause any observable radiation damage to the crystal, such that data can be collected at room temperature, avoiding any potential cryo-cooling effects (Keedy et al. , 2014) and resulting in the determination of damage-free structures.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Market segmentation helps businesses target specific customer groups. [SEP] Text: [학술지] 송재영 2013 축제 방문동기에 따른 시장세분화연구 - 김제지평선축제를 중심으로 - 38 (2) : 19 ~ 2 9. [단행본] 안대희 2011 관광마케팅 백산출판사 10. [학술지] 양정임 2012 지역축제속성에 따른 축제방문객 만족 시장세분화 연구:광양국제매화축제를 중심으로 호텔관광연구 14 (4) : 221 ~ 4 11. [학술지] 오흥철 2003 기장대변멸치축제 방문객 동기분석에 기초한 시장세분화 연구 관광레저연구 12 (4) : 43 ~ 4 12.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Telemedicine has expanded access to healthcare in remote areas. [SEP] Text: Summarizing, telemedicine systems/units are estimated to result in a significant reduction in the number and frequency of air medical transportations, which may consequently lead to the reduction of aviation accidents that may occur during the air medical transfer. Despite the potential advantage of a reduction in human lives lost, medical and technical equipment losses are also of great significance. The establishment of such telemedicine systems/units also enables patient and healthcare issues to be handled in the event of severe weather phenomena, where the remote/inaccessible areas are isolated with no accessibility by any means. 5 ConclusionGreece’s geography encompasses a total of 227 inhabited islands, 164 of which are located in the and 78 of them have more than 100 residents. The incomplete coverage of primary health services in remote/inaccessible areas, combined with Greece’s unique geography, suggests the need for telemedicine systems/units. Telemedicine systems/units should be designed and implemented in such way as to meet the primary health needs of every resident, in every island or remote/inaccessible area. However, air medical transportation of patients to air medical transportation centers may be deemed essential. The costs of these air medical transfers can be reduced with the use of telemedicine systems/units, thereby benefiting the residents and society generally. In conclusion, considering the available data, in both projects, the establishment of telemedicine systems/units in Patmos and Leros was evaluated and assessed positively, with the possibility of large savings, both economical and social, by reducing or even removing face-to-face contact between doctor and patient. Telemedicine systems/units may have an advantage in terms of access, equality, and quality of primary health services and seems to be a promising solution, especially in Greece, where the problem of primary healthcare services in remote/inaccessible areas is of great concern.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: X-ray crystallography allows for the visualization of complex biomolecules at atomic resolution. [SEP] Text: atoms constitute around half of the atoms in a macromolecular crystal, their incoherent scattering signal contributes significantly to a high scattered background; H/D isotopic replacement therefore enhances the signal-to-noise ratio of the diffraction data by lowering the incoherent background, thereby extending the resolution limit. Secondly, as the coherent scattering length of D is positive and approximately twice that of H, D atoms are more readily located in neutron maps than H atoms. Neutron studies have been most commonly performed (64/83, 77%) using D-exchanged single crystals (Tomanicek et al. , 2010; Kovalevsky et al. , 2010, 2012; Fisher et al. , 2012; Yokoyama et al. , 2013; Casadei et al. , 2014; Huang et al. , 2014; Langan et al. , 2014; Oksanen et al. , 2014; Wan et al. , 2014; Unno et al. , 2015; Michalczyk et al. , 2015). H/D exchange can be achieved by vapor exchange or by soaking in D2O solutions and allows exchange of solvent-accessible H atoms attached to oxygen or nitrogen, but not those H atoms attached to carbon. Neutron data collected from D-exchanged crystals allows D atoms attached to O or N atoms to be readily visualized at 2. 5 Å resolution. In order to readily locate H atoms, data must extend to ∼1. 5 Å resolution (Chen et al. , 2012) since at lower resolutions cancellation effects (between positive and negative neutron scatterers) limit visualization of H atoms attached to C atoms (e. g. CH2, CH3 groups). Becoming more prevalent are studies performed using perdeuterated samples (19/83 structures overall, 23%; 17/49 structures since 2010, 35%), produced via bacterial expression on deuterated media (Petit-Haertlein et al. , 2009). As perdeuteration provides complete deuteration (i. e. all H replaced by D), neutron diffraction data from perdeuterated crystals have vastly improved signal-to-noise ratios, allowing shorter data collection times (Munshi et al. , 2012) and/or providing data to higher resolution (Cuypers et al. , 2013).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Market segmentation helps businesses target specific customer groups. [SEP] Text: [학술지] 이정규 2002 문화관광객의 가치에 따른 시장세분화와 선택행동분석 문화관광연구 4 (2) : 107 ~ 2 16. [학술지] 이주현 2012 방문객 체험영역에 따른 관광축제 시장세분화: Pine & Gilmore의 체험영역을 중심으로 관광학연구 36 (2) : 81 ~ 2 17. [학술지] 조문식 2015 단양군 대표축제 방문동기에 따른 시장 세분화 연구 - 온달문화축제를 중심으로 - 40 (4) : 215 ~ 4 18.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Telemedicine has expanded access to healthcare in remote areas. [SEP] Text: for Remote Areas: of Telehealth in Last registered on January 23, 2023 History Pre-for Remote Areas: of Telehealth in -0010787 Initial registration date January 20, 2023 Initial registration date is when the trial was registered. It corresponds to when the registration was submitted to the Registry to be reviewed for publication. First published January 23, 2023, 7:22 published corresponds to when the trial was first made public on the Registry after being reviewed. is information in this trial unavailable to the public. Use the button below to request access. -of (s) of Milan-development Start date 2023-02-15 End date 2025-04-15 code(s) Secondary Iwork This trial does not extend or rely on any prior RCTs. areas in low-income countries have poor access to quality healthcare. One challenge in developing state capacity in remote areas is the difficulty in attracting skilled workers (doctors and nurses), to which a common solution is to engage less skilled workers (community health workers). A new solution is to bring higher-skilled professionals to rural areas through digital technology. Telehealth, which connects patients to qualified healthcare professionals via phone, provides a new opportunity for governments to reach remote areas with high-quality healthcare services at relatively low costs. Although the popularity of telehealth has dramatically increased since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is to date no causal evidence of its impacts in low-income countries. This project aims to provide the first experimental evidence on the impact of telehealth on healthcare utilization and health outcomes in low-income countries. The impact is ex-ante ambiguous: telehealth may expand access to healthcare in areas previously underserved by the health system, but it might also crowd out in-person care and lead to an overall drop in healthcare utilization by those most in need, who might be unable or unwilling to connect remotely with a health professional. The project will take place in 400 rural Indian villages that will be randomized into receiving telehealth or not, with or without a local facilitator, who will assist patients in connecting to the call and follow up with them after the visit. We will learn whether and under which conditions telehealth improves access and health outcomes for rural populations, and how it affects the divide in access by gender, income, and age. External Link(s) Citation Dahlstrand-Rudin, Amanda,. 2023. "for Remote Areas: of Telehealth in Rural India. ".

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Bioengineered yeast can be designed to produce high yields of biofuels from sugars. [SEP] Text: The assimilation of oligosaccharides gradually decreased along with the fermentation, mainly due to the decline of the cell activity at the later stage of fermentation. The highest values of biomass, lipid concentration, and lipid content reached 50. 7 g/L, 31. 3 g/L, and 61. 7% (w/w), respectively. The overall lipid yield was 0. 18 g/g TRS, corresponding to a carbon yield of 34. 8%. The theoretical lipid yields on glucose and xylose are 0. 33 g/g and 0. 34 g/g [41], corresponding to theoretical carbon yields of 63. 8% and 65. 7%, respectively. However, the experimental data were rarely higher than 0. 22 g/g glucose, corresponding to a carbon yield of 42. 5% [42]. Recently, Fei and coworkers have reported a fed-batch culture using an automated online sugar control feeding mode, which obtained a very high lipid yield of 0. 29 g/g [43]. Thus, the lipid yield has some space to be further optimized in bioreactor by altering the culture conditions and the nutrients compositions of the media, which may exert significant effects on carbon-flux distribution between cell growth and lipid biosynthesis. Fig. 6Time course of sugars evolution during the fed-batch culture by C. oleaginosum on corn stover enzymatic hydrolysates. The culture was held at 30 °C, 200 rpm for 264 h. Corn stover hydrolysates containing 244. 5 g/L TRS were fed at 72 h and 156 h, respectivelyFull size image Table 4 Fed-batch culture results of C. curvatus on the corn stover enzymatic hydrolysatesFull size tableLignocellulose-derived oligosaccharides cannot be metabolized by some microorganisms and will be discharged along with fermentation wastewater, which means the loss of sugars. Xue and coworkers have stated that the release of oligosaccharides indicates a yield loss as they are recalcitrant for a majority of industrial ethanol-producing microorganisms [22]. High proportion of oligosaccharides is released when the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocelluloses is conducted at high solids loadings. For example, one-third of the total output sugars were oligomers or polymers when the enzymatic hydrolysis was conducted at 17.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Market segmentation helps businesses target specific customer groups. [SEP] Text: [학술지] 조현호 2015 지역축제속성에 의한 시장세분화 - 외암마을 짚풀문화제를 대상으로 - 관광연구 30 (4) : 53 ~ 4 19. [학술지] Crompton, J. L. / 1997 Motives of visitors attending festival events Annals of 24 (2) : 425 ~ 2 20. [단행본] Kotelr, P. / 2000 Marketing management 21. [단행본] Kotler, P. / 1993 Marketing places: Attracting investment, industry, and tourists to cities, states, and nations Press 22. [학술지] Lee, C. K. / 2004 Segmentation of festival motivation by nationality and satisfaction 25 (1) : 61 ~ 1 23. [학술지] Pesonen, J. / 2013 Information and communications technology and market segmentation in tourism : A review 68 (2) : 14 ~ 2 24. [학술지] Smith, W. / 1956 Product differentiation and market segmentation as alternative marketing strategies Journal of Marketing 21 (1) : 3 ~ 1 25. [학술지] Tkaczynski, A. / 2011 Event segmentation : A review and research agenda 32 : 426 ~ 26. [학술지] Tkaczynski, A.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Telemedicine has expanded access to healthcare in remote areas. [SEP] Text: January 23. Sponsors & is information in this trial unavailable to the public. Use the button below to request access. (s) Telehealth connects patients to qualified health care professionals via phone. Although its popularity dramatically increased since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is limited rigorous evidence of its impact. In particular, the impact of telehealth on health access and healthcare inequality in low-income countries is ex-ante ambiguous. On the one hand, telehealth could allow individuals currently out of reach of the official health system -- e. g. , because of their remote location or because of prevailing norms -- to access quality healthcare providers, thus improving the quality of care and equalizing access. On the other hand, telehealth might crowd out in-person care, with potential negative consequences on health outcomes for those individuals who do not engage with technology, who are not e-literate, and who have little trust in modern medicine to start with (e. g. , women, the elderly, the poor). This may result in telehealth excluding individuals who might need care most, exacerbating inequality in healthcare. Given the potential barriers to the utilization of telehealth in low-income settings, the presence of local “facilitators” may be crucial to its success. First, local facilitators may attenuate the digital divide by allowing marginalized individuals, including women with low power in the household, to contact the doctor and nurse through a smartphone that has access to the internet. Second, local facilitators may allow for more “continuity of care”, an aspect which is often lacking in telehealth programs that prioritize the “speed of care” (i. e. , patients meeting with the first available provider even if that provider is unknown to them) and which might matter especially in contexts with low trust in modern medicine. Finally, local facilitators may complement telehealth services by monitoring the evolution of health conditions of patients that require frequent follow-ups (e. g. , noncommunicable diseases). India provides an ideal study setting, both because of the vast potential user base in need of telehealth services and because recent years have seen a rapid diffusion of telehealth providers. government has pioneered this technological revolution, by launching and promoting its platform, called eSanjeevani, and has been rapidly followed by other telehealth providers, in an attempt to reach even the most remote areas of the country.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Bioengineered yeast can be designed to produce high yields of biofuels from sugars. [SEP] Text: However, as summarized in Table 1, only a few studies have been published to determine the performance of different pretreatment methods followed by enzymatic hydrolysis for conversion of Miscanthus into fermentable sugars, including mechanical size reduction with sodium chlorite delignification [15], ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) [16], one step extrusion/NaOH pretreatment [14], ethanol organosolv processing [17], dilute acid steam explosion [18], and treatment with alkaline peroxide combined with electrolyzed water [19]. Overall, sugar yields from cellulose and hemicellulose, as a percent of the maximum possible, were reported to vary from 61. 3% [18] to 98% [17] and from 38% [14] to 100% [15], respectively. Table 1 Summary of Miscanthus pretreatment data reported in the literature Full size tableBesides being affected by pretreatment methods, the fermentable sugar yields of Miscanthus were strongly influenced by the genotype, production site, climate, age, and plant part(s) harvested. Biomass quality was also impacted by such factors as cellulose and lignin biosynthesis and deposition and extractives [20, 21]. New functional genomics and plant biotechnology tools could genetically optimize Miscanthus for liquid fuel production by identification of genes that improve breakdown to sugars through modification of growth rates, environmental stress tolerance, and cell wall composition, as being applied to switchgrass and alfalfa [22, 23]. However, because the effect of changes in plant structure on sugar release cannot yet be predicted a’ priori, pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis must currently be directly applied to evaluate how sugar release changes with genetic modifications in biomass so we can identify traits that are desirable for biofuels feedstocks. Among pretreatment options, hydrothermal pretreatment with just hot water has produced reasonably high sugar yields with various biomass feedstocks, such as corn stover [24], wheat straw [25], switchgrass [26], and poplar [27]. Furthermore, hydrothermal pretreatment advantages include no requirement for chemical additions, simple operation, and low cost materials of construction that would be of great economic advantage if high total sugar yields could be realized. Thus, it is highly desirable to indentify Miscanthus plants that achieve high sugar yields from the coupled operations of hydrothermal pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Market segmentation helps businesses target specific customer groups. [SEP] Text: 축제 방문객들의 거주지와 도달 시간의 지리적 세분화와 방문 의사결정 시점에 따른 심리적 세분화의 적용이 가능하다는 것을 확인하였다.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Telemedicine has expanded access to healthcare in remote areas. [SEP] Text: for Remote Areas: of Telehealth in Last registered on January 23, 2023 History Pre-for Remote Areas: of Telehealth in -0010787 Initial registration date January 20, 2023 Initial registration date is when the trial was registered. It corresponds to when the registration was submitted to the Registry to be reviewed for publication. First published January 23, 2023, 7:22 published corresponds to when the trial was first made public on the Registry after being reviewed. is information in this trial unavailable to the public. Use the button below to request access. -of (s) of Milan-development Start date 2023-02-15 End date 2025-04-15 code(s) Secondary Iwork This trial does not extend or rely on any prior RCTs. areas in low-income countries have poor access to quality healthcare. One challenge in developing state capacity in remote areas is the difficulty in attracting skilled workers (doctors and nurses), to which a common solution is to engage less skilled workers (community health workers). A new solution is to bring higher-skilled professionals to rural areas through digital technology. Telehealth, which connects patients to qualified healthcare professionals via phone, provides a new opportunity for governments to reach remote areas with high-quality healthcare services at relatively low costs. Although the popularity of telehealth has dramatically increased since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is to date no causal evidence of its impacts in low-income countries. This project aims to provide the first experimental evidence on the impact of telehealth on healthcare utilization and health outcomes in low-income countries. The impact is ex-ante ambiguous: telehealth may expand access to healthcare in areas previously underserved by the health system, but it might also crowd out in-person care and lead to an overall drop in healthcare utilization by those most in need, who might be unable or unwilling to connect remotely with a health professional. The project will take place in 400 rural Indian villages that will be randomized into receiving telehealth or not, with or without a local facilitator, who will assist patients in connecting to the call and follow up with them after the visit. We will learn whether and under which conditions telehealth improves access and health outcomes for rural populations, and how it affects the divide in access by gender, income, and age. External Link(s) Citation Dahlstrand-Rudin, Amanda,. 2023. "for Remote Areas: of Telehealth in Rural India. ".

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Bioengineered yeast can be designed to produce high yields of biofuels from sugars. [SEP] Text: Results and discussionThe dissolution and depolymerization of hemicelluloses from corncob by microwave-assisted hydrothermal pretreatmentRecent studies showed that hemicelluloses fraction in lignocellulosic materials (LCMs) can be effectively depolymerized into soluble monomers, oligosaccharides, and lower molecular weight polymers during the HTP process [22, 23]. The proportion of the soluble compounds depends on the operation conditions. In the present study, microwave-assisted hydrothermal pretreatments of corncob were performed as the first stage at given temperatures (120–180 °C) for desired periods, and the main components of hydrolysates are shown in Table 1. Table 1 Composition of hydrolysates (mg per gram sample, mg g−1) after the microwave-assisted hydrothermal pretreatmentFull size table The pH of hydrolysates decreased as the temperature rose and time prolonged, which was expected to be the reason that part of the acetyl groups present in the hemicelluloses of biomass was cleaved to generate acetic acid [24]. This was also verified by the steady increase of acetic acid content with increasing the reaction temperature and time in Table 1. In addition, furan compounds, such as furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), obtained from the further dehydration of the released monosugars during the HTP process, could be degraded to form organic acids, such as formic acid, which also reduce the pH of hydrolysates. The reaction severity for the furfural formation was much more moderate than that for HMF as observed in Table 1, which was ascribed to the higher xylose amount than glucose in hydrolysates because hemicelluloses are generally easier degraded than cellulose. Due to the higher temperature and longer pretreatment time being in favor of the furfural and HMF formation as well as their degradation, the yield of the formic acid was enhanced with the increase of the process severity. As a result, higher acidity was obtained at harsher treatment conditions, which in turn aids in a series of autohydrolysis process [25]. Although furfural was our target product, its yield was low at these given reaction conditions.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Market segmentation helps businesses target specific customer groups. [SEP] Text: “축제 방문객의 지리적 세분화와 심리적 세분화에 의한 표적시장 도출에 관한 연구: 울진워터피아페스티벌을 중심으로“ 43, no. 3, (2018): 81 - 96. doi: :10. 32780/ktidoi. 2018. 43. 3. 81 텍스트 파일로 저장 피인용 논문 (우)305-754 대전광역시 유성구 가정로 201 한국연구재단 TEL: 042-869-6674, 1544-6118 E-mail: kciadmin@nrf. re. kr 2024 NRF. .

Output: pass