Input: Claim: Every bird species can mimic human speech perfectly. [SEP] Text: Skip to main contentScientific AmericanSign inNovember 1, 202320 min readSpecies from Extinction? requires that every U. S. plant and animal be saved from extinction, but after 50 years, we have to do much more to prevent a biodiversity crisistanasi. Listed as Endangered: 1975. Status: Delisted in 2022. © Joel Sartore/disappeared into the trees on the far bank of the just as the two researchers at the bow of our modest motorboat began hauling in the trawl net. Eagles have rebounded so well that it's unusual not to see one here these days, of the U. S. Fish and told me as the net got closer. On an almost cloudless spring morning in the 50th year of the Act, only a third of a mile downstream from the Authority's big Nickajack Dam, we were searching for one of the ESA's more notorious beneficiaries: the Snail Darter. A few months earlier Stiles and the FWS had decided that, like the Bald Eagle, the little fish no longer belonged on the ESA's endangered species list. We were hoping to catch the first nonendangered specimen. Dave Matthews, a TVA biologist, helped Stiles empty the trawl. Bits of wood and rock spilled onto the deck, along with a maybe six inches long. So did an even smaller fish; a hair over two inches, it had alternating vertical bands of dark and light brown, each flecked with the other color, a pattern that would have made it hard to see against the gravelly river bottom. It was a in its second year, Matthews said, not yet full-grown. Everybody loves a Bald Eagle. There is much less consensus about the Snail Darter. Yet it epitomizes the main controversy still swirling around the ESA, signed into law on December 28, 1973, by Nixon: Can we save all the obscure species of this world, and should we even try, if they get in the way of human imperatives? The TVA didn't think so in the 1970s, when the plight of the Snail Darter—an early entry on the endangered species list—temporarily stopped the agency from completing a huge dam. When the U. S.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Synthetic biology could revolutionize agriculture by creating crops that are more resistant to pests, drought, or disease, reducing the need for pesticides and fertilizers. Synthetic biology will soon allow humans to create entirely new species, designed from scratch to serve specific purposes, such as cleaning pollution or generating energy. [SEP] Text: Plant Biotechnol. J. 17:421–34 [53. 2016. A transgenic approach for controlling Lygus in cotton. Nat. Commun. 7:12213 [54. 2009. The political economy of agricultural biotechnology policies. AgBioForum 12:134–46 [55. 2004. Major heretofore intractable biotic constraints to African food security that may be amenable to novel biotechnological solutions. 23:8661–89 [56. 2017. Engineering resistance to virus transmission. Curr. Opin. Virol. 26:20–27 [57. Groeneweld H. 2016. evolving biosafety regulatory system Presented at the 4th : Sept 19–21 [58. Heberlein TA. 2012. Navigating environmental attitudes. Conserv. Biol. 26:4583–85 [59. 2007. Quantitative differences in aphid virulence and foliar symptom development on tomato plants carrying the Mi resistance gene. Environ. Entomol. 36:2458–67 [60. Heisey P, Fuglie K. 2018. Agricultural research investment and policy reform in high-income countries Econ. Res. Rep. 249, US Dep. Agric. Econ. Res. Serv Washington, DC: [61. Horgan FG. 2018. Integrating gene deployment and crop management for improved rice resistance to Asian planthoppers. 110:21–33 [62. 2012. Addition of transcription activator-like effector binding sites to a pathogen strain-specific rice bacterial blight resistance gene makes it effective against additional strains and against bacterial leaf streak. 195:4883–93 [63. 2010. Areawide suppression of European corn borer with Bt maize reaps savings to non-Bt maize growers. Science 330:6001222–25 [64. IPCC 2014. Climate change 2014: synthesis report. Contribution of working groups I, II and III to the fifth assessment report of the on Rep. , Intergov. Panel Clim. Change Geneva: [65. ISAAA 2018. GM approval database for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications. [66. Ishii T, Araki M. 2017. A future scenario of the global regulatory landscape regarding genome-edited crops. GM 8:144–56 [67. ISPC 2014.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Cryptocurrency mining is entirely powered by renewable energy sources, eliminating its environmental impact. [SEP] Text: Его выступление контрастировало со словами специалистов, придерживающихся «инженерного» подхода и пытающихся через набор технологий добиться того или иного результата в области снижения выбросов. Если же посмотреть, сколько это будет стоить и как повлияет на нашу жизнь, то многие, казалось бы, очевидные решения становятся уже не такими очевидными. Вот фрагменты доклада А. А.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Every bird species can mimic human speech perfectly. [SEP] Text: attorney general argued the TVA's case before the with the aim of sidestepping the law, he waved a jar that held a dead, preserved in front of the nine judges in black robes, seeking to convey its insignificance. On supporting science journalismIf you're enjoying this 1967. Status: Delisted in 2007. Credit: © Joel Sartore/Today the can be found along 400 miles of the river's main stem and multiple tributaries. ESA enforcement has saved dozens of other species from extinction. Bald Eagles, are just a few of the roughly 60 species that had recovered enough to be “delisted” by late 2023. And yet the U. S. , like the planet as a whole, faces a growing biodiversity crisis. Less than 6 percent of the animals and plants ever placed on the list have been delisted; many of the rest have made scant progress toward recovery. What's more, the list is far from complete: roughly a third of all vertebrates and vascular plants in the U. S. are vulnerable to extinction, says Bruce Stein, chief scientist at the Federation. Populations are falling even for species that aren't yet in danger. “There are a third fewer birds flying around now than in the 1970s,” Stein says. We're much less likely to see a White-throated Sparrow or a Red-winged Blackbird, for example, even though neither species is yet endangered. The U. S. is far emptier of wildlife sights and sounds than it was 50 years ago, primarily because habitat—forests, grasslands, rivers—has been relentlessly appropriated for human purposes. The ESA was never designed to stop that trend, any more than it is equipped to deal with the next massive threat to wildlife: climate change. Nevertheless, its many proponents say, it is a powerful, foresightful law that we could implement more wisely and effectively, perhaps especially to foster stewardship among private landowners. And modest new measures, such as the Recovering America's Wildlife Act—a bill with bipartisan support—could further protect flora and fauna. That is, if special interests don't flout the law. After the 1978 decision, Congress passed a special exemption to the ESA allowing the TVA to complete the Tellico Dam.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Synthetic biology could revolutionize agriculture by creating crops that are more resistant to pests, drought, or disease, reducing the need for pesticides and fertilizers. Synthetic biology will soon allow humans to create entirely new species, designed from scratch to serve specific purposes, such as cleaning pollution or generating energy. [SEP] Text: -R, Haimovich AD et al. 2013. Genomically recoded organisms expand biological functions. Science 342:6156357–60 [81. 2015. Robust cropping systems to tackle pests under climate change. A review. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 35:2443–59 [82. 2012. High-efficiency TALEN-based gene editing produces disease-resistant rice. Nat. Biotechnol. 30:5390–92 [83. Liu W, Stewart CN. 2015. Plant synthetic biology. Sci 20:5309–17 [84. Livingston M, Fernandez- 2015. The economics of glyphosate resistance management in corn and soybean production Econ. Res. Rep. 184, US Dep. Agric. Econ. Res. Serv Washington, DC: [85. ˛bicki P, et al. 2011. Climate change and diseases of food crops. 60:1113–21 [86. . 2016. Genomic recoding broadly obstructs the propagation of horizontally transferred genetic elements. 3:2199–207 [87. 2017. RNA interference (RNAi) as a potential tool for control of mycotoxin contamination in crop plants: concepts and considerations. Front. Plant Sci. 8:200 [88. 2010. Economic damage of cassava brown streak disease in sub-Saharan Africa. and the Challenges of Globalization and 61–68 Ibadan: IITA [89. . 2018. -based gene drive be confined in the wild? A question for molecular and population biology. ACS Chem. Biol. 13:2424–30 [90. 2012. Navigating a critical juncture for sustainable weed management. Bioscience 62:175–84 [91. Müller V, Amé 2014. Lipoxygenase activation in peanut seed cultivars resistant and susceptible to Aspergillus parasiticus colonization. Phytopathology 104:121340–48 [92. 2017. Peanuts, aflatoxins and undernutrition in children in sub-Saharan Africa. Nutrients 9:12e1287 [93. 2010. Private-sector investment in R&D: a review of policy options to promote its growth in developing-country agriculture. Agribusiness 26:1143–73 [94. Natl. Acad. Sci. Eng. Med 2016.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Cryptocurrency mining is entirely powered by renewable energy sources, eliminating its environmental impact. [SEP] Text: В целом это означает, что более низкие показатели выбросов в среднесрочной перспективе будут компенсированы чуть большими показателями выбросов в долгосрочной перспективе. Поэтому изменится профиль снижения выбросов парниковых газов, но не изменится общий итог». </p> 17 К саммиту COP27 Росгидромет приурочил выпуск своего третьего оценочного доклада об изменениях климата и их последствиях на территории РФ [5].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Every bird species can mimic human speech perfectly. [SEP] Text: Darter managed to survive because the TVA transplanted some of the fish from the Little Tennessee, because remnant populations turned up elsewhere in the Tennessee Valley, and because local rivers and streams slowly became less polluted following the 1972 Act, which helped fish rebound. Under pressure from people enforcing the ESA, the TVA also changed the way it managed its dams throughout the valley. It started aerating the depths of its reservoirs, in some places by injecting oxygen. It began releasing water from the dams more regularly to maintain a minimum flow that sweeps silt off the river bottom, exposing the clean gravel that need to lay their eggs and feed on snails. The river system “is acting more like a real river,” Matthews says. Basically, the TVA started considering the needs of wildlife, which is really what the ESA requires. “works,” Matthews says. “With just a little bit of help, [wildlife] can recover. ”The trouble is that many animals and plants aren't getting that help—because government resources are too limited, because private landowners are alienated by the ESA instead of engaged with it, and because as a nation the U. S. has never fully committed to the ESA's essence. Instead, for half a century, the law has been one more thing that polarizes people's thinking. It may seem impossible today to imagine the political consensus that prevailed on environmental matters in 1973. The U. S. Senate approved the ESA unanimously, and the House passed it by a vote of 390 to 12. “Some people have referred to it as almost a statement of religion coming out of the Congress,” says Gary Frazer, who as assistant director for ecological services at the FWS has been overseeing the act's implementation for nearly 25 years. Gopherus polyphemus. Listed as Threatened: 1987. Status: Still threatened. Credit: ©Joel Sartore/But loss of faith began five years later with the case. Congresspeople who had been thinking of eagles, bears and when they passed the ESA, and had not fully appreciated the reach of the sweeping language they had approved, were disabused by the Supreme Court. It found that the legislation had created, “wisely or not. . . an absolute duty to preserve all endangered species,” Warren E. Burger said after the case concluded.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Nanomedicine could revolutionize the treatment of diseases by allowing doctors to intervene at the cellular level, repairing damage or eliminating pathogens more effectively. [SEP] Text: At the same time, the DNTs caused no harm to non-cancerous cells. This discovery raises hopes that a single healthy donor could supply the cells which go on to treat lots of patients, with many different types of cancer: a key requirement for a true off-the-shelf treatment. and her team also discovered that cryopreservation, in which the DNTs were frozen more than 600 days before being thawed, did not affect the anti-cancer function of the cells. The ability to store DNTs is crucial as it would allow the treatment to be prepared in advance, rather than on an on-demand basis. A major benefit of personalised ACT is that as it uses the patient’s own cells, there is less risk of graft-versus-host disease (where the recipient’s immune system attacks the donor cells). Previous work by and others has shown that DNTs are able to destroy cancer cells without triggering graft-versus-host disease. This is supported by the results of Dr Zhang’s recent study, demonstrating that DNTs produced from healthy donors will target leukaemia cells while sparing normal tissue. For DNTs to be a viable off-the-shelf treatment option, they also need to avoid causing the less well-studied condition of host-versus-graft rejection. If this occurred, the DNTs would be swiftly wiped out by the recipient’s own T cells, rendering the treatment efficacy short-lived. Interestingly, Dr Zhang’s findings suggest that DNTs are somehow able to evade the recipient’s immune response. How DNTs manage to do this remains unclear. However, this does mean that DNTs seem unlikely to trigger a host-versus-graft reaction. Li Zhang’s laboratory develops novel adoptive T cell therapy for the treatment of leukaemia and lung cancer. Finally, found that DNTs persist well within the recipient’s body. Research on another group of immune cells, known as natural killer (NK) cells, found that, although the NK cells successfully attacked cancerous cells and did no harm to healthy tissue, they disappeared from the patient’s body within a few weeks. This suggests that the patient’s immune system may have cleared the donor cells.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Cryptocurrency mining is entirely powered by renewable energy sources, eliminating its environmental impact. [SEP] Text: </li></ul> 21.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Every bird species can mimic human speech perfectly. [SEP] Text: Even a recently discovered tiny fish had to be saved, “whatever the cost,” he wrote in the decision. Was that wise? For both environmentalists such as Curry and many nonenvironmentalists, the answer has always been absolutely. The ESA “is the basic Bill of Rights for species other than ourselves,” says photographer Joel Sartore, who is building a “photo ark” of every animal visible to the naked eye as a record against extinction. (He has taken studio portraits of 15,000 species so far. ) But to critics, the decision always defied common sense. They thought it was “crazy,” says Michael Bean, a leading ESA expert, now retired from the Fund. “That dichotomy of view has remained with us for the past 45 years. ”According to veteran Washington, D. C. , environmental attorney Lowell E. Baier, author of a new history called of the Act, both the act itself and its early implementation reflected a top-down, federal “command-and-control mentality” that still breeds resentment. FWS field agents in the early days often saw themselves as combat biologists enforcing the act's prohibitions. After the Owl's listing got tangled up in a bitter 1990s conflict over logging of old-growth forests in the Pacific Northwest, the FWS became more flexible in working out arrangements. “But the dark mythology of the first 20 years continues in the minds of much of America,” Baier says. Credit: Kim (map); Source: David Matthews, Authority (reference) The law can impose real burdens on landowners. Before doing anything that might “harass” or “harm” an endangered species, including modifying its habitat, they need to get a permit from the FWS and present a “habitat conservation plan. ” Prosecutions aren't common, because evidence can be elusive, but what Bean calls “the cloud of uncertainty” surrounding what landowners can and cannot do can be distressing. Requirements the ESA places on federal agencies such as the and the Bureau of Land Management—or on the TVA—can have large economic impacts. Section 7 of the act prohibits agencies from taking, permitting or funding any action that is likely to “jeopardize the continued existence” of a listed species.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Nanomedicine could revolutionize the treatment of diseases by allowing doctors to intervene at the cellular level, repairing damage or eliminating pathogens more effectively. [SEP] Text: Ultrasound-triggered thrombolysis using urokinase-loaded nanogels. Int. J. Pharm. , 2012, 434(1-2), 384-390. [ [PMID: 22683455] [25] Kawata, H. ; Uesugi, Y. ; Soeda, T. A new drug delivery system for intravenous coronary thrombolysis with thrombus targeting and stealth activity recoverable by ultrasound. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. , 2012, 60(24), 2550-2557. [ [PMID: 23158532] [26] Uesugi, Y. ; Kawata, H. ; Jo, J. ; Saito, Y. ; Tabata, Y. An ultrasound-responsive nano delivery system of tissue-type plasminogen activator for thrombolytic therapy. J. Control. Release, 2010, 147(2), 269-277. [ [PMID: 20696194] [27] Cheng, R. ; Huang, W. ; Huang, L. Acceleration of tissue plasminogen activator-mediated thrombolysis by magnetically powered nanomotors. ACS Nano, 2014, 8(8), 7746-7754. [ [PMID: 25006696] [28] Hu, J. ; Huang, W. ; Huang, S. . Magnetically active Fe3O4 nanorods loaded with tissue plasminogen activator for enhanced thrombolysis. Nano Res. , 2016, 9(9), 2652-2661. [ [29] Hirano, T. ; Komatsu, M. ; Uenohara, H. ; Takahashi, A. ; Takayama, K. ; Yoshimoto, T. A novel method of drug delivery for fibrinolysis with Ho: YAG laser-induced liquid jet. Lasers Med. Sci. , 2002, 17(3), 165-172. [ [PMID: 12181631] [30] Holme, M. N. ; Fedotenko, I. A. ; Abegg, D. Shear-stress sensitive lenticular vesicles for targeted drug delivery. Nat. Nanotechnol.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Cryptocurrency mining is entirely powered by renewable energy sources, eliminating its environmental impact. [SEP] Text: Основными источниками энергии будут солнце (69% выработки энергии к 2050 году) и ветер (18 % ). Для каждого региона рассчитывается наиболее экономически эффективная структура генерирующих мощностей с учетом доступных в регионе источников энергии. <p>Для борьбы с изменением климата многие предлагают ускоренный переход на возобновляемые источники энергии (ВИЭ). В 2019 г.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Every bird species can mimic human speech perfectly. [SEP] Text: If jeopardy seems possible, the agency must consult with the FWS first (or the for marine species) and seek alternative plans. “When people talk about how the ESA stops projects, they've been talking about section 7,” says conservation biologist Jacob Malcom. is a strong example: an economic analysis suggests the logging restrictions eliminated thousands of timber-industry jobs, fueling conservative arguments that the ESA harms humans and economic growth. In recent decades, however, that view has been based “on anecdote, not evidence,” Malcom claims. of Wildlife, where he worked until 2022 (he's now at the U. S. Department of the Interior), he and his colleagues analyzed 88,290 consultations between the FWS and other agencies from 2008 to 2015. “Zero projects were stopped,” Malcom says. His group also found that federal agencies were only rarely taking the active measures to recover a species that section 7 requires—like what the TVA did for the Snail Darter. For many listed species, the FWS does not even have recovery plans. Endangered species also might not recover because “most species are not receiving protection until they have reached dangerously low population sizes,” according to a 2022 study by Erich K. Eberhard of and his colleagues. Most listings occur only after the FWS has been petitioned or sued by an environmental group—often the Center for Biological Diversity, which claims credit for 742 listings. Years may go by between petition and listing, during which time the species' population dwindles. Noah Greenwald, the center's endangered species director, thinks the FWS avoids listings to avoid controversy—that it has internalized opposition to the ESA. He and other experts also say that work regarding endangered species is drastically underfunded. As more species are listed, the funding per species declines. “Congress hasn't come to grips with the biodiversity crisis,” says Baier, who lobbies lawmakers regularly. “When you talk to them about biodiversity, their eyes glaze over. ” Just this year federal lawmakers enacted a special provision exempting the Pipeline from the ESA and other challenges, much as Congress had exempted the Tellico Dam. Environmentalists say the gas pipeline, running from to Virginia, threatens the Candy Darter, a colorful small fish. of 2022 provided a rare bit of good news: it granted the FWS $62.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Nanomedicine could revolutionize the treatment of diseases by allowing doctors to intervene at the cellular level, repairing damage or eliminating pathogens more effectively. [SEP] Text: ; Prior, I. A. ; Thanh, N. T. K. ; Song, B. Magnetic CoPt nanop984. [ [PMID: 21293831] [86] Corot, C. ; Robert, P. ; Idée, J. M. ; Port, M. Recent advances in iron oxide nanocrystal technology for medical imaging. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. , 2006, 58(14), 1471-1504. [ [PMID: 17116343] [87] Hyafil, F. ; Cornily, J. C. ; Feig, J. E. Noninvasive detection of macrophages using a nanoparticulate contrast agent for computed tomography. Nat. Med. , 2007, 13(5), 636-641. [ [PMID: 17417649] [88] Frias, J. C. ; Williams, K. J. ; Fisher, E. A. ; Fayad, Z. A. Recombinant HDL-like nanop6317. [ [PMID: 15600321] & :Nanomedicine in Neuroscience: Towards the Treatment of Diseases Volume: 12 Issue: 2 Author(s): Vajagathali Mohammed, Kalarani and Ramakrishnan Veerabathiran* Affiliation: Faculty of Sciences, of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamilnadu 603103, India Keywords: Nanop10. 2174/2468187312666220516144008 DOI Print ISSN2468-1873 2468-1881 this journal Call for Papers in Submission closes on : 30 December, 2024 Cutting-edge in Oncology: Bottleneck and is a terrifying disease that ranks among the most pressing health concerns facing humanity and necessitates a proactive approach to treatment. Nanomedicine, a rapidly evolving field at the intersection of nanotechnology and medicine, holds immense promise in revolutionizing cancer treatment. By leveraging nanoscale materials and devices, researchers are developing. . . read more Guest Editor(s): Submission closes on : 31 December, 2024 Nanomaterials for System in Chronic and exploration of nanomaterials for drug delivery systems represents a cutting-edge frontier in modern medical research. In our Thematic Issue, we delve into the extensive scope of utilizing nanotechnology to combat chronic and infectious diseases.

Output: corroborate


Input:
Claim: Cryptocurrency mining is entirely powered by renewable energy sources, eliminating its environmental impact. [SEP] Text: Основными источниками энергии будут солнце (69% выработки энергии к 2050 году) и ветер (18 % ). Для каждого региона рассчитывается наиболее экономически эффективная структура генерирующих мощностей с учетом доступных в регионе источников энергии.
 22 О ВИЭ
О ВИЭ

О ВИЭ
 23 В феврале 2023 г. появился очередной отчёт Международного энергетического агентства (МЭА, IEA – Agency) о рынке электроэнергии за 2023год22.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Every bird species can mimic human speech perfectly. [SEP] Text: 5 million to hire more biologists to prepare recovery plans. The ESA is often likened to an emergency room for species: overcrowded and understaffed, it has somehow managed to keep patients alive, but it doesn't do much more. The law contains no mandate to restore ecosystems to health even though it recognizes such work as essential for thriving wildlife. “Its goal is to make things better, but its tools are designed to keep things from getting worse,” Bean says. Its ability to do even that will be severely tested in coming decades by threats it was never designed to confront. The ESA requires a species to be listed as “threatened” if it might be in danger of extinction in the “foreseeable future. ” The foreseeable future will be warmer. Rising average temperatures are a problem, but higher heat extremes are a bigger threat, according to a 2020 study. Scientists have named climate change as the main cause of only a few extinctions worldwide. But experts expect that number to surge. Climate change has been “a factor in almost every species we've listed in at least the past 15 years,” Frazer says. Yet scientists struggle to forecast whether individual species can “persist in place or shift in space”—as Stein and his co-authors put it in a recent paper—or will be unable to adapt at all and will go extinct. 30 the FWS issued a new rule that will make it easier to move species outside their historical range—a practice it once forbade except in extreme circumstances. Credit: Kim (graphic); Design (illustrations); Sources: U. S. Fish & U. S. by (annual data through 2022); Summary (Boxscore) (cumulative data up to September 18, 2023, and annual data for coral); (delisted data through 2022) Eventually, though, “climate change is going to swamp the ESA,” says J. B. Ruhl, a law professor at Vanderbilt University, who has been writing about the problem for decades. “As more and more species are threatened, I don't know what the agency does with that. ” To offer a practical answer, in a 2008 paper he urged the FWS to aggressively identify the species most at risk and not waste resources on ones that seem sure to expire.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Nanomedicine could revolutionize the treatment of diseases by allowing doctors to intervene at the cellular level, repairing damage or eliminating pathogens more effectively. [SEP] Text: 26 Polypyrrole (PPy) is one of the most attractive conductive polymers due to its stability, biocompatibility, good electrochemical properties, low actuation voltage, and high electrical conductivity. 27,28 The unstable positive charge along the polymer backbone results in relatively high electrical conductivity and the loading of anionic drugs through electrostatic attraction. The controlled release of the drug occurs through the electrochemical reduction of the polymer and volume contraction as well as the expulsion of the anionic drug from the polymer structure. 29,30 Although polypyrrole offers many advantages for drug delivery, it has a low drug-loading capacity, especially those with high molecular weight and undesired passive drug leakage. 31,32 To address these issues, we explored the application of paper-based electrodes for electrodeposition of PPy, which has the advantage that paper shows a huge drug loading capacity. Paper has a soft and porous structure, excellent biocompatibility for the storage of biomolecules, abundant hydroxyl groups, and a hydrophilic surface for the deposition of water-soluble polymers, so it has attracted the attention of many researchers for the development of wearable drug delivery systems. 33,34 We have found that electric stimuli in a voltage-triggered patch not only offers precise control over the timing and location of drug release, but also can enhance the penetration of drug through the skin’s top layer. This mirrors the advantages of iontophoresis techniques, which amplify the therapeutic effect while minimizing unwanted side effects. Iontophoresis, a non-invasive method with minimal skin irritation, is a promising alternative to other physical strategies for transdermal drug delivery. 35 It works by applying a low voltage (less than 10 V) and low electrical current (up to 0. 5 mA cm-2) to electrodes on the skin surface, allowing the drug to pass through the stratum corneum. 36 As far as we know, there are no reports of enhancing skin permeation by applying electric stimuli to a transdermal paper-based wearable patch for the release of a high molecular weight drug like MTX. We hypothesize that the integration of paper-based electrodes with battery-powered electrical stimulation provides a robust platform for precise control of dosage timing and location, improving therapeutic efficacy and reducing potential side effects.

Output: corroborate


Input:
Claim: Cryptocurrency mining is entirely powered by renewable energy sources, eliminating its environmental impact. [SEP] Text: В то же время доля угля, природного газа и атомных электростанций будет и дальше снижаться.

В феврале 2023 г. появился очередной отчёт Международного энергетического агентства (МЭА, IEA – Agency) о рынке электроэнергии за 2023год22. Из него следует, что ВИЭ и ядерная энергетика растут достаточно быстро, чтобы удовлетворить потребности растущего мирового спроса на электроэнергию. Ожидается, что в 2025 г.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Every bird species can mimic human speech perfectly. [SEP] Text: Yet when I asked Frazer which urgent issues were commanding his attention right now, his first thought wasn't climate; it was renewable energy. “Renewable energy is going to leave a big footprint on the planet and on our country,” he says, some of it threatening plants and animals if not implemented well. “is going to lead to an explosion of more wind and solar across the landscape. Long before Biden signed that landmark law, conflicts were proliferating: versus solar farms in the Mojave Desert, versus wind farms in Wyoming, Tiehm's Buckwheat (a little desert flower) versus lithium mining in Nevada. The mine case is a close parallel to that of versus the Tellico Dam. The flower, listed as endangered just last year, grows on only a few acres of mountainside in western Nevada, right where a mining company wants to extract lithium. for has led the fight to save it. Elsewhere in Nevada people have used the ESA to stop, for the moment, a proposed geothermal plant that might threaten the two-inch Toad, discovered in 2017 and also declared endangered last year. Does an absolute duty to preserve all endangered species make sense in such places? In a recent essay entitled “A Time for Triage,” Columbia law professor argues that “the environmental community has trade-off denial. We don't recognize that it's too late to preserve everything we consider precious. ” In his view, given the urgency of building the infrastructure to fight climate change, we need to be willing to let a species go after we've done our best to save it. Environmental lawyers adept at challenging fossil-fuel projects, using the ESA and other statutes, should consider holding their fire against renewable installations. “Just because you have bullets doesn't mean you shoot them in every direction,” Gerrard says. “You pick your targets. ” In the long run, he and others argue, climate change poses a bigger threat to wildlife than wind turbines and solar farms do. For now habitat loss remains the overwhelming threat. What's truly needed to preserve the U. S. 's wondrous biodiversity, both Stein and Ruhl say, is a national network of conserved ecosystems. That won't be built with our present politics. But two more practical initiatives might help. The first is the Recovering America's Wildlife Act, which narrowly missed passage in 2022 and has been reintroduced this year.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Nanomedicine could revolutionize the treatment of diseases by allowing doctors to intervene at the cellular level, repairing damage or eliminating pathogens more effectively. [SEP] Text: Evaluation of electrically controlled drug delivery Two advantages of the electrically responsive system are the temporal and spatial resolution of drug release. 51 Pulsed release is utilized to determine the ideal timing and dosage of the drug to achieve the desired therapeutic effects. For this, pulses of 1. 5 minutes with a voltage of -1. 2 V were applied, and the amounts of the released drug were calculated. The device was turned off for 1. 5 minutes between each pulse, and the passive drug leakage was analyzed (Fig. 3a). The results indicate that during a 1. 5-minute stimulation at -1. 2 V, MTX is released by the expansion of the polymer skeleton. In subsequent stimulations, the quantity of released MTX decreases due to the reduction in the amount of loaded drug on the surface. 52 A satisfactory amount of drug was released during four consecutive stimulations, confirming that the current electrodes can function as a voltage-triggered drug delivery system. Further assessment of released MTX was conducted using a potentiostat and a battery as well, to compare the performance of the drug release system at -1. 2 V for 5 minutes (Supplementary Fig. 2). The results of active releases were consistent in both modes, indicating that it is preferable to use a battery as an electrical driver for the designed electrodes. Due to the small size of the battery, the designed iontophoresis patch is portable and can be used to treat diseases without specialized personnel. 2. 5. Transdermal delivery of the designed iontophoresis patch One of the most intriguing aspects of this study is the utilization of the identical electrical signal that triggers the release of MTX, for a concurrent iontophoresis effect. This effect can notably amplify skin permeation. To evaluate skin permeation, the penetration of MTX through the skin of a hairless rat was studied using a diffusion Franz cell. The rate of drug penetration through the skin via this patch (ITP) was compared to that of an MTX solution (Top) and a MTX solution applied to voltage-stimulated skin (Stimuli-Top). The patterns of skin permeation after two hours are illustrated in Fig. 3b. This permeation profile helps in determining the total MTX amount that has penetrated. The maximum quantity of MTX permeated for the ITP group was 19. 7 ± 0. 5 µg cm-2.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Cryptocurrency mining is entirely powered by renewable energy sources, eliminating its environmental impact. [SEP] Text: <p>«За ближайшие пять лет в мире появится столько же возобновляемой энергии, сколько и за последние 20 лет», – отметил глава МЭА Фатих Бироль. Возобновляемая энергетика получила импульс к росту за счет энергетического кризиса, вызванного прекращением экспорта нефти и газа из России. Страны Евросоюза были вынуждены ускорить переход к альтернативным источникам электроэнергии.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Every bird species can mimic human speech perfectly. [SEP] Text: It builds on the success of the 1937 Pittman-Robertson Act, which funds state wildlife agencies through a federal excise tax on guns and ammunition. That law was adopted to address a decline in game species that had hunters alarmed. The state refuges and other programs it funded are why deer, ducks and are no longer scarce. The recovery act would provide $1. 3 billion a year to states and nearly $100 million to tribes to conserve nongame species. It has bipartisan support, in part, Stein says, because it would help arrest the decline of a species before the ESA's “regulatory hammer” falls. Although it would be a large boost to state wildlife budgets, the funding would be a rounding error in federal spending. But last year Congress couldn't agree on how to pay for the measure. Passage “would be a really big deal for nature,” Curry says. Oyster Mussel. Epioblasma capsaeformis. Listed as Endangered: 1997. Status: Still endangered. Credit: © Joel Sartore/The second initiative that could promote species conservation is already underway: bringing landowners into the fold. Most wildlife habitat east of the is on private land. That's also where habitat loss is happening fastest. Some experts say conservation isn't likely to succeed unless the FWS works more collaboratively with landowners, adding carrots to the ESA's regulatory stick. Bean has long promoted the idea, including when he worked at the from 2009 to early 2017. The approach started, he says, with the Red-cockaded Woodpecker. When the ESA was passed, there were fewer than 10,000 Red-cockaded Woodpeckers left of the millions that had once lived in the Southeast. Humans had cut down the old pine trees, chiefly Longleaf Pine, that the birds excavate cavities in for roosting and nesting. An appropriate tree has to be large, at least 60 to 80 years old, and there aren't many like that left. The longleaf forest, which once carpeted up to 90 million acres from Virginia to Texas, has been reduced to less than three million acres of fragments. In the 1980s the ESA wasn't helping because it provided little incentive to preserve forest on private land. In fact, Bean says, it did the opposite: landowners would sometimes clear-cut potential woodpecker habitat just to avoid the law's constraints.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Nanomedicine could revolutionize the treatment of diseases by allowing doctors to intervene at the cellular level, repairing damage or eliminating pathogens more effectively. [SEP] Text: The patch, which uses an electrical signal as a stimulus for drug release, showed a significant enhancement in skin permeation. The study also highlighted the patch’s ability to control the timing and dosage of the drug, leading to a more efficient and targeted treatment approach. Furthermore, the patch demonstrated a significant reduction in passive drug leakage, a common issue with traditional drug delivery systems. Histological examinations of various tissues from treated psoriatic mice showed promising results, with significant improvements observed in the skin, spleen, liver, lungs, and kidneys. The ITP group displayed normal lung tissue and a resurgence of the kidneys’ typical operational capacity, suggesting successful treatment of the psoriatic mice. Overall, the findings of this study underscore the potential of simultaneous voltage triggered drug release and iontophoresis as a more effective method for enhancing released drug permeation through the skin, paving the way for further research and development in this field. The designed iontophoresis patch, due to its compact size and battery-powered operation, is portable and can be used to treat diseases without the need for specialized personnel, making it a promising candidate for future transdermal drug delivery systems. 4. Methods 4. 1. (98%), lactic acid (85%), sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4), sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4), urea, and graphite powder were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. MTX injectable solution (100 mg mL− 1), Ringer's injection serum, imiquimod cream (5%), and Formalin (10%) were purchased from Nanoalvand Co. , Iran, Daru-Pakhsh Co. , Iran, and Co. , Iran, Alzahra hospital, Isfahan, Iran, respectively. Conductive silver ink was purchased from Electroninks Incorporation. All chemicals were selected to be of analytical grade or better. Throughout the process, deionized water was utilized using a water purification system. 4. 2. Design and fabrication of the drug delivery patch The MTX-loaded drug delivery patch is constructed using paper-based electrodes. These electrodes, which include working, counter, and reference electrodes, are made by applying carbon and silver inks onto a paper substrate, forming a paper-based screen-printed electrode (P-SPE).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Cryptocurrency mining is entirely powered by renewable energy sources, eliminating its environmental impact. [SEP] Text: Вместе с тем выработка электроэнергии на ископаемом топливе, включая электростанции, работающие на угле, природном газе и мазуте, выросла на 3 % по сравнению с 2021 годом и сохраняется на уровне более 60 % от общего объема поставок электроэнергии. Заметим, что с 2017 года в России введено в эксплуатацию около 2. 1 ГВт ветрогенерирующих мощностей, а выработка электроэнергии на ветроэлектростанциях выросла до 5. 5 ТВтч23. 23. >>>> <p>В отчете МЭА говорится (с.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Every bird species can mimic human speech perfectly. [SEP] Text: The woodpecker population continued to drop until the 1990s. That's when Bean and his Fund colleagues persuaded the FWS to adopt “safe-harbor agreements” as a simple solution. An agreement promised landowners that if they let pines grow older or took other woodpecker-friendly measures, they wouldn't be punished; they remained free to decide later to cut the forest back to the baseline condition it had been in when the agreement was signed. That modest carrot was inducement enough to quiet the chainsaws in some places. “The downward trends have been reversed,” Bean says. “In places like South Carolina, where they have literally hundreds of thousands of acres of privately owned forest enrolled, Red-cockaded Woodpecker numbers have shot up dramatically. ”The woodpecker is still endangered. It still needs help. Because there aren't enough old pines, land managers are inserting lined, artificial cavities into younger trees and sometimes moving birds into them to expand the population. They are also using prescribed fires or power tools to keep the longleaf understory open and grassy, the way fires set by lightning or Indigenous people once kept it and the way the woodpeckers like it. Most of this work is taking place, and most Red-cockaded Woodpeckers are still living, on state or federal land such as military bases. But a lot more longleaf must be restored to get the birds delisted, which means collaborating with private landowners, who own 80 percent of the habitat. Leo Miranda-Castro, who retired last December as director of the FWS's southeast region, says the collaborative approach took hold at regional headquarters in Atlanta in 2010. for had dropped a “mega petition” demanding that the FWS consider 404 new species for listing. The volume would have been “overwhelming,” Miranda-Castro says. “That's when we decided, ‘Hey, we cannot do this in the traditional way. ’ The fear of listing so many species was a catalyst” to look for cases where conservation work might make a listing unnecessary. An agreement affecting the shows what is possible. Like the woodpeckers, it is adapted to open-canopied longleaf forests, where it basks in the sun, feeds on herbaceous plants and digs deep burrows in the sandy soil.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some scientists believe nanomedicine could eventually allow for treatments that reverse aging or repair the body from within, extending human lifespan. Nanomedicine will soon allow humans to cure all diseases by sending tiny robots into the body to repair cells and eliminate pathogens. [SEP] Text: Despite the lack of data for late spermatids, our results suggest that many errors are at least partially repaired before the completion of spermatid maturation. Alternatively, cell death could have removed mutated cells before spermatid maturation if a lesion could not be repaired. Our data cannot distinguish between the death of mutated cells and successful repair of lesions. The variants we have found are either DNA lesions that have escaped repair, or the lesions that have been selected through competition among cells (Loewe and Hill, 2010). It is likely that some of these substitutions would result in inviable offspring and would never be observed in an adult population. Our result suggests that mutational load varies between different cell divisions, consistent with previous work that suggests a variable lesion rate between cell types (Gao et al. , 2011; Gao et al. , 2014). Mutational load is the net product of damage and repair, and further characterization of how lesions occur and accumulate in the germline is needed to better understand the evolutionary ramifications of this process (Moorjani et al. , 2016). It appears that the cell types with the highest mutational load are germline stem cells/early spermatogonia, the earliest germ cells. This indicates that by the time germline stem cells enter spermatogenesis, they carry a relatively high mutational burden. This could be due to the fact that germline stem cells cycle many times, dividing asymmetrically to produce spermatogonia and a replenished germline stem cell. This cycle, repeated enough times, could cause a buildup of variants in germline stem cells as they continue to produce spermatogonia. Such a scenario would necessitate a mechanism to remove high level of lesions from maturing gametes. This mechanism must be an equilibrium removing enough lesions to prevent the accumulation of harmful phenotypes. However, the population-level mutation rate never reaches zero, otherwise adaptive evolution will cease (Lynch, 2010). Since we observed that the transcription of 211 DNA repair genes drops during meiotic stages, we suspect that DNA repair gene products are translated early and continue to repair lesions throughout spermatogenesis. After meiosis, however, the gametes become haploid, and there is no longer a template strand to facilitate homology-directed repair. This should constrain the types of DNA damage repair available in late spermatogenesis.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Cryptocurrency mining is entirely powered by renewable energy sources, eliminating its environmental impact. [SEP] Text: Вместе с тем выработка электроэнергии на ископаемом топливе, включая электростанции, работающие на угле, природном газе и мазуте, выросла на 3 % по сравнению с 2021 годом и сохраняется на уровне более 60 % от общего объема поставок электроэнергии. Заметим, что с 2017 года в России введено в эксплуатацию около 2. 1 ГВт ветрогенерирующих мощностей, а выработка электроэнергии на ветроэлектростанциях выросла до 5. 5 ТВтч23.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Every bird species can mimic human speech perfectly. [SEP] Text: The tortoise is a keystone species: more than 300 other animals, including snakes, foxes and skunks, shelter in its burrows. But its numbers have been declining for decades. Urbanization is the main threat to the tortoises, but timberland can be managed in a way that leaves room for them. Eager to keep the species off the list, timber companies, which own 20 million acres in its range, agreed to figure out how to do that—above all by returning fire to the landscape and keeping the canopy open. One timber company, Service, said it would restore on about 3,700 acres in the Florida panhandle, perhaps expanding to 200,000 acres eventually. It even offered to bring other endangered species onto its land, which delighted Miranda-Castro: “I had never heard about that happening before. ” Last fall the FWS announced that the tortoise didn't need to be listed in most of its range. Miranda-Castro now directs Conflict, an organization that seeks to foster conversation and negotiation in settings where the ESA has more often generated litigation. “For the first 50 years the stick has been used the most,” Miranda-Castro says. “For the next 50 years we're going to be using the carrots way more. ” On his own farm outside Fort Moore, Ga. , he grows Longleaf Pine—and are benefiting. Whooping Crane. Grus americana. Listed as Endangered: 1967. Status: Still endangered. Credit: © Joel Sartore/for doubts that carrots alone will save the reptile. It points out that the FWS's own models show small subpopulations vanishing over the next few decades and the total population falling by nearly a third. 2023 it filed suit against the FWS, demanding the be listed. The FWS itself resorted to the stick this year when it listed the Lesser Prairie-Chicken, a bird whose grassland home in the has long been encroached on by agriculture and the energy industry. promptly voted to overturn that listing, but promised to veto that measure if it passes the House. Behind the debates over strategy lurks the vexing question: Can we save all species? The answer is no. Extinctions will keep happening. In 2021 the FWS proposed to delist 23 more species—not because they had recovered but because they hadn't been seen in decades and were presumed gone.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some scientists believe nanomedicine could eventually allow for treatments that reverse aging or repair the body from within, extending human lifespan. Nanomedicine will soon allow humans to cure all diseases by sending tiny robots into the body to repair cells and eliminate pathogens. [SEP] Text: As no DNA is removed in this process, the wild type specific locus primers also generate slightly larger amplicons in tagged lines, which can be seen as double bands for both the and K13 PCRs. (C) Representative immunofluorescence images of HA-tagged Apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA1-HA) and Rhoptry neck protein 2 (RON2-HA) parasite lines, and live cell imaging of Transporter-eGFP (CRT-eGFP), Myosin A-eGFP (MyoA-eGFP) and mCherry-Kelch13 (K13). Panel shows brightfield (BF), DNA stain (blue) and anti-tag antibodies/live fluorescence (green or red) of schizont stage parasites from each line. Scale bars represent 2 µm. Figure 3—source data 1 Primer pairs and guide sequences for generation and analysis of tagged parasite lines. Download elife-45829-fig3-data1-v2. xlsx Figure 3—figure supplement 1 Download asset Open asset -Cas9 tagging of P. knowlesi proteins. (A) Schematic of -Cas9 strategy. C-terminal integration of the hemagglutinin (HA) tag into the target Apical membrane antigen (AMA1) locus via homologous recombination. Arrows indicating oligo positions for diagnostic PCRs. (B) C-terminal integration of HA tag into the target Rhoptry neck protein 2 (RON2 locus). (C) C-terminal integration of eGFP into the target Transporter (CRT) locus. (D) C-terminal integration of eGFP into the target locus. (E) N-terminal integration of mCherry into the target Kelch13 (K13) locus. (F) Western blot showing expression of tagged proteins in P. knowlesi saponin-lysed schizonts separated by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting with anti-HA, anti-GFP or anti-mCherry primary antibodies. Control samples are saponin-lysed red blood cells (RBC) and wild type parasite line. Expected sizes of bands are indicated. CRT runs faster than its expected band size as shown in P. falciparum previously.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Cryptocurrency mining is entirely powered by renewable energy sources, eliminating its environmental impact. [SEP] Text: </p> <p>В отчете МЭА говорится (с. 93–94), что Россия является крупнейшим потребителем электроэнергии в Евразии с годовым потреблением более 1000 ТВтч, потребление электроэнергии в России увеличилось в 2022 году на 1. 5 % (+16 ТВтч). Газовая генерация выросла почти на 1 ГВт, компенсируя снижение мощности угольных электростанций на 0. 3 ГВт. Мощности атомной и гидроэнергетики оставались стабильными, в то время как солнечная мощность увеличилась почти на 8 % (+0.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Every bird species can mimic human speech perfectly. [SEP] Text: There is a difference, though, between acknowledging the reality of extinction and deliberately deciding to let a species go. Some people are willing to do the latter; others are not. Bean thinks a person's view has a lot to do with how much they've been exposed to wildlife, especially as a child. Zygmunt Plater, a professor emeritus at Law School, was the attorney in the 1978 case, fighting for hundreds of farmers whose land would be submerged by the Tellico Dam. At one point in the proceedings F. Powell, Jr. , asked him, “What purpose is served, if any, by these little darters? Are they used for food? ” Plater thinks creatures such as the darter alert us to the threat our actions pose to them and to ourselves. They prompt us to consider alternatives. The ESA aims to save species, but for that to happen, ecosystems have to be preserved. Protecting the Owl has saved at least a small fraction of old-growth forest in the Pacific Northwest. Concern about the Red-cockaded Woodpecker and the is aiding the preservation of longleaf forests in the Southeast. Darter wasn't enough to stop the Tellico Dam, which drowned historic Cherokee sites and 300 farms, mostly for real estate development. But after the controversy, the presence of a couple of endangered mussels did help dissuade the TVA from completing yet another dam, on the in central Tennessee. That river is now recognized as one of the most biodiverse in North America. The ESA forced states to take stock of the wildlife they harbored, says Jim Williams, who as a young biologist with the FWS was responsible for listing both the and mussels in the Duck River. Williams grew up in Alabama, where I live. “We didn't know what the hell we had,” he says. “People started looking around and found all sorts of new species. ” Many were mussels and little fish. In a 2002 survey, Stein found that Alabama ranked fifth among U. S. states in species diversity. It also ranks second-highest for extinctions; of the 23 extinct species the FWS recently proposed for delisting, eight were mussels, and seven of those were found in Alabama. One morning this past spring, at a cabin on the banks of in northern Alabama, I attended a kind of jamboree of local freshwater biologists.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of current autonomous drone applications involve surveillance, package delivery, or agricultural monitoring, where the drones can operate independently. [SEP] Text: Thermal cameras are used to map the amount of water in the soil (SWC) depending on the land surface temperature (LST) [7]. Thermal cameras have limited spatial resolution, which often causes difficulties in homogeneous areas such as farmland with bare soil [8]. It is especially used in agriculture to determine plant water needs, detect disease, and for phenotyping. Advertisement 4. Drone technologies4. 1 Radar positioning and returning homeToday’s drones can operate in GNSS and nonsatellite modes using a combination of (GNSS) such as GPS and. This precision navigation system brings 3D map creation, navigation, and search-and-rescue (SAR) tasks while flying. Satellites take advantage of GNSS satellites when the drone is first powered up. It uses constellation technology. A satellite constellation is a group of synchronized satellites with overlapping coverage areas. The built-in compass lets the drone and remote control system know exactly the flight location. The compass is calibrated to set a starting point. Thus, the drone’s position will return in case of signal loss between the drone, and the remote control system is determined. This adjustment is also known as the “fail-safe function. ” The radar technology in the drone checks some information on the control screen before starting the flight, confirming the suitability of the current conditions for flight. This information includes that communication with good drone GNSS satellites has been established, and the drone is ready-to-fly. It provides information such as determining the current location, returning home using the button for any reason, reaching the set low battery level, and recording the starting point for the “Return to Home” feature in case of loss of communication between the drone and the remote control, and can return to the starting position without any problems [10]. 4. 2 Obstacle detection and collision avoidance technologyDrones are equipped with collision avoidance systems for safety purposes [9]. These systems consist of sensors that do not scan the environment but detect obstacles. Data from the vision sensor, ultrasonic, infrared, LiDAR, time-of-flight (ToF), and monocular vision sensors transform images into 3D maps, allowing the flight controller to detect and avoid the object. With the help of software algorithms and SLAM technology using this data, 6-way obstacles are detected, and necessary actions are taken to prevent them. 4.

Output: corroborate


Input:
Claim: Cryptocurrency mining is entirely powered by renewable energy sources, eliminating its environmental impact. [SEP] Text: 25 ГВт). Вместе с тем выработка электроэнергии на ископаемом топливе, включая электростанции, работающие на угле, природном газе и мазуте, выросла на 3 % по сравнению с 2021 годом и сохраняется на уровне более 60 % от общего объема поставок электроэнергии. Заметим, что с 2017 года в России введено в эксплуатацию около 2. 1 ГВт ветрогенерирующих мощностей, а выработка электроэнергии на ветроэлектростанциях выросла до 5. 5 ТВтч23.
 23.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Every bird species can mimic human speech perfectly. [SEP] Text: At the center of the action, in the shade of a second-floor deck, sat Sartore. He had come to board more species onto his photo ark, and the biologists—most of them from the TVA—were only too glad to help, fanning out to collect critters to be decanted into Sartore's narrow, flood-lit aquarium. He sat hunched before it, a black cloth draped over his head and camera, snapping away like a fashion photographer, occasionally directing whoever was available to prod whatever animal was in the tank into a more artful pose. watched, he photographed a striated darter that didn't yet have a name, a Yellow Bass, an and a giant crayfish discovered in 2011 in the very creek we were at. Sartore's goal is to help people who never meet such creatures feel the weight of extinction—and to have a worthy remembrance of the animals if they do vanish from Earth. With TVA biologist Todd Amacker, I walked down to the creek and sat on the bank. Amacker is a mussel specialist, following in Williams's footsteps. As his colleagues waded in the shoals with nets, he gave me a quick primer on mussel reproduction. Their peculiar antics made me care even more about their survival. There are hundreds of freshwater mussel species, Amacker explained, and almost every one tricks a particular species of fish into raising its larvae. The Wavy-rayed Lampmussel, for example, extrudes part of its flesh in the shape of a minnow to lure black bass—and then squirts larvae into the bass's open mouth so they can latch on to its gills and fatten on its blood. Another mussel dangles its larvae at the end of a yard-long fishing line of mucus. Snapper—a member of a genus that has already lost most of its species to extinction—lures and then clamps its shell shut on the head of a hapless fish, inoculating it with larvae. “You can't make this up,” Amacker said. Each relationship has evolved over the ages in a particular place. The small band of biologists who are trying to cultivate the endangered mussels in labs must figure out which fish a particular mussel needs. It's the type of tedious trial-and-error work conservation biologists call “heroic,” the kind that helped to save.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of current autonomous drone applications involve surveillance, package delivery, or agricultural monitoring, where the drones can operate independently. [SEP] Text: A drone that can fly is notable for most industries. The capabilities and usage areas of drones will develop depending on the technology development. Although drones are seen as the end users of developed technologies, they have the potential to be an important tool in the development of technological innovation, depending on the needs. Advertisement 6. Drone usage areasAlthough the use and development of drones are always for military purposes, the use of drones in both commercial and other sectors is becoming widespread today. The evaluations regarding the usage areas still used in this regard and expected to become more widespread soon are summarized below. 6. 1 AgricultureIn agricultural areas, it contributes significantly to providing data to sector stakeholders and increasing producers’ productivity by collecting data with regular land observation. Drones in spraying, fertilization, and plant damage detection applications inspect the planted crops (Figure 17). The use of drones in agricultural production is becoming more common daily, and it provides convenience for producers to optimize production by increasing efficiency and reducing physical load. Drones offer significant time savings in agricultural research, planting seeds, monitoring livestock, and predicting crop yields. Smart farming techniques will become more widespread with drone and satellite data for producers to monitor their products and plan for planting, fertilization, and spraying times. Figure 17. Agricultural drone. 6. 2 EnvironmentDepending on the increasing city population, drones are successfully used in environmental control and emergency response processes. To prevent environmental pollution, drones not only carry out projects aimed at cleaning the seas but also make an important contribution to the fight against poaching and the tracking of endangered animals. The behavior and disease conditions of animals can be followed thanks to thermal cameras. In addition, oil companies use drones for inspections of oil and gas leaks. Drones with thermal cameras perform important tasks in detecting leaks quickly and preventing possible risks. 6. 3 HealthThe use of drones for medical purposes is used to transport response equipment to the scene in urban areas, to direct people to the stage with drones with cameras and audio devices, to transport equipment such as medicine and trauma kits in rural areas, or to facilitate search-and-rescue efforts. In patients with shockable rhythm in prehospital events, delivering a life-saving defibrillator (AED) by drone is 32% faster in urban centers and 93% faster in rural areas where other vehicles cannot reach [12].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Cryptocurrency mining is entirely powered by renewable energy sources, eliminating its environmental impact. [SEP] Text: 5 ГВт… Эксперты говорят, что невозможно достичь стопроцентной доли энергии от ВИЭ в энергосистеме. Однако я совершенно уверен, что в комбинации с новыми решениями, технологиями (водородная энергетика, литий-ионные, механические или проточные накопители и тому подобное) это направление будет активно развиваться». В современной России ВИЭ могут стать основным источником электроэнергии для отдаленных небольших населенных пунктов.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Every bird species can mimic human speech perfectly. [SEP] Text: Except these mussels are eyeless, brainless, little brown creatures that few people have ever heard of. For most mussels, conditions are better now than half a century ago, Amacker said. But some are so rare it's hard to imagine they can be saved. I asked Amacker whether it was worth the effort or whether we just need to accept that we must let some species go. The catch in his voice almost made me regret the question. “I'm not going to tell you it's not worth the effort,” he said. “It's more that there's no hope for them. ” He paused, then collected himself. “Who are we to be the ones responsible for letting a species die? ” he went on. “They've been around so long. That's not my answer as a biologist; that's my answer as a human. Who are we to make it happen? ”Rights & PermissionsFrom our and the Reproduction of Birds. David B. Peakall; April 1970. is a freelance writer in Birmingham, Ala. , and a former senior editor at National Geographic, Discover and Scientific American. More by Robert KunzigThis 10. 1038/scientificamerican1123-60with ScienceLearn and share the most exciting discoveries, innovations and ideas shaping our world today. SubscribeSign up for our newslettersSee the latest storiesRead the latest issueGive a Gift SubscriptionFollow Us:Return & of of cookies/Do not sell my datais part of Springer Nature, which owns or has commercial relations with thousands of scientific publications (many of them can be found at www. springernature. com/us). maintains a strict policy of editorial independence in reporting developments in science to our readers. © 2024. .

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of current autonomous drone applications involve surveillance, package delivery, or agricultural monitoring, where the drones can operate independently. [SEP] Text: In the same way, it has been demonstrated that it is possible to transport drugs/tissues, and blood products, with drones, with the research conducted with samples taken before and after the flight on the effect of vibration on the transported tissue. These materials can be delivered to difficult areas faster than the traditional methods [13]. 6. 4 Photography and cinemaProfessional video shoots are made today using drones in commercials, TV series, and movie sets, successfully capturing specific images. It is used in the direct marketing of products and in taking aerial images to show a city, beach, or building from a bird’s eye view in advertising shoots. Advertising drones are becoming increasingly common in crowded events and areas with high density. It provides great convenience in collecting images and information from places that cannot be visited or entered, especially due to security problems. The use of drones can make a significant contribution to innovation and quality in the film industry. 6. 5 MappingDrones, becoming increasingly widespread in mapping, can map almost all terrains quickly and in three dimensions. For this purpose, LiDAR Drones with sensors provide highly successful and accurate data. LiDAR technology offers important solutions in the evaluation of agricultural products as well as the mapping of landforms (Figure 18). Figure 18. Mapping with a drone. 6. 6 LogisticsDrones are used in the logistics industry to transport food, packages, or goods. It is preferred for transporting urgent or frequently sent small parcels and for delivery to hard-to-reach areas. One of the most important and pending problems in logistics use is that drones need a sufficient carrying capacity. Similar to agriculture, it is also used to scan different warehouse materials. Heavy-duty drones can improve road traffic by replacing existing carriers for material management and transporting goods between warehouses. Soon, drones may be an important player in the delivery options of packages (Figure 19). Figure 19. Logistics drone. 6. 7 EmergenciesAnother area where drones are used is in emergencies. Drones help the fire brigade, police officers, volunteer rescuers, and more. Drones are used for reconnaissance before guiding the rescue team, especially when the extent of the disaster is unknown. Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) prevent possible drownings and assist in rescue in situations such as when a boat capsizes. Drones are also used to search for the injured in avalanche cases. 6.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Cryptocurrency mining is entirely powered by renewable energy sources, eliminating its environmental impact. [SEP] Text: И, конечно, российский 1 ГВт в год — это очень незначительные цифры. При этом для отечественной энергетики это серьезный шаг вперед, ведь до 2015 года проекты в области возобновляемой энергетики можно было пересчитать по пальцам. К 2035 году ожидается ввод объектов солнечной и ветрогенерации в совокупности на 8. 5 ГВт… Эксперты говорят, что невозможно достичь стопроцентной доли энергии от ВИЭ в энергосистеме.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Birds are capable of time travel. [SEP] Text: Javascript is disabled in your browser. Please enable Javascript to view PeerJ. Related research --temporal characterisation and compensation method based on CNN and LSTM for residential travel data View 10. 7717/peerj-cs. 2035 Published 2024-05-14 Accepted 2024-04-11 Received 2024-01-16 and Analysis of and data analysis, analysis, © 2024 Alhudhaif and This is an open access 2024. Spatio-temporal characterisation and compensation method based on CNN and LSTM for residential travel data. PeerJ 10:e2035 The authors have chosen to make the review history of this 0. 03% of the real data, the simulation results have a large error with the real scenario. (2) Statistical estimation method. Statistical extrapolation is a method of predicting the future travel situation through historical data, which can generate travel data by analyzing the historical data to predict future travel behavior. However, it is difficult and less accurate to estimate individual travel behavior from historical data of group travel. (3) GPS data mining method: GPS data mining method is a method to deduce the travel behavior of travelers by analyzing GPS track data, which can generate travel data by using the information of speed, direction, and location in GPS track data to judge the travel mode and travel purpose of travelers. However, considering user privacy issues, the method blurs the OD data through aggregation and makes data cleaning difficult due to the large amount of data and blurred data. These methods perform well on small-scale or low-dimensional data, but their efficiency and accuracy are limited when dealing with complex urban transport data. Deep learning technology has made remarkable progress in recent years and has been widely used in fields such as image recognition and natural language processing. By simulating the way the human brain processes information, it effectively handles large-scale and complex data sets. Deep learning shows excellent ability in feature extraction, pattern recognition, etc. , and provides a new perspective for traffic simulation. Convolutional neural network (CNN) has certain advantages in processing spatiotemporal data analysis, especially suitable for spatiotemporal feature analysis and compensation of resident travel data. Here are some advantages of using CNN for this analysis: (1) Extracting spatial features: CNN can effectively learn and extract spatial features from data.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of current autonomous drone applications involve surveillance, package delivery, or agricultural monitoring, where the drones can operate independently. [SEP] Text: 8 Conservation of wildlife and historic buildingsDrones are an economical and effective alternative to monitor wildlife species and protect natural life. Rapid aerial observations are important tools in gaining a better idea of the health of the species and ecosystem, monitoring and researching migration routes by monitoring animal groups, and preventing poaching. Drones also scan forest floors destroyed by fires, releasing seed containers containing seeds, fertilizers, and nutrients to help trees regenerate. Considering that reforestation of such areas with human labor will take many years, the importance of using drone technology becomes apparent. On the other hand, drones also play an important role in historic preservation efforts. Drones provide great convenience in creating 3D maps of historical places or structures. The 3D images used to reconstruct lost areas provide clues to experts about culture and architecture [14]. 6. 9 MilitaryThe first known use of drones was for military purposes. It is used for different purposes ranging from military, espionage, radar system, area detection, and observation to transporting food, weapons, and ammunition. Highly sophisticated drones are used, equipped with tools for thermal imaging, laser rangefinder, and even air strikes. MQ-9 Reaper, one of the drones used for military purposes today, has a length of 36 feet and is equipped with a 1852 km flight system at an altitude of 50,000 feet [14]. Advertisement 7. Barriers to drone technologyAlthough drones have multiple potential uses, there are certain obstacles to their widespread use. Some of these barriers are summarized below. 7. 1 Power sourceOne of the biggest problems for these vehicles, which have managed to work with increasingly smaller and lighter components, is the power requirement. Due to the limited flight times, developing drones capable of long flights with smaller and more powerful batteries remain the priority to solve this problem. Another important expectation is the development of systems that can analyze the terrain with object detection and recognition software instead of onboard systems that require increased weight and more power. 7. 2 SecurityThe biggest obstacle to drone use is security. All human-operated aircrafts inherently pose a risk of falling. Working on limited battery power, having fast spinning propellers, and the potential to fall from heights greatly threaten living things, structures, and the environment due to the increasing number of drones. In addition to obtaining the necessary permits for flights to be made in residential areas, it is essential to develop technologies to prevent possible accidents by autonomously detecting drone obstacles.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Cryptocurrency mining is entirely powered by renewable energy sources, eliminating its environmental impact. [SEP] Text: В связке с традиционной генерацией они становятся одним из самых выгодных источников энергии в распределенной энергетике на удаленных и изолированных территориях. А. Жихарев подчеркнул, что, несмотря на беспрецедентные санкции, обвинения скептиков в том, что отрасль возобновляемой энергетики «в руинах», не соответствуют действительности. </p> <p>Директор ассоциации развития возобновляемой энергетики А.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Birds are capable of time travel. [SEP] Text: In residential travel data, spatial information is crucial, as factors such as traffic conditions and population density in different regions can affect travel patterns. CNN can recognize and extract these spatial features through convolution operations. (2) Capture temporal information: CNN can process temporal data and capture temporal patterns in the data. In resident travel data, time information is an important dimension, such as traffic flow and travel purposes at different time periods. CNN can capture and learn these temporal patterns through pooling operations and multi-layer structures. (3) Adapting to complex relationships: CNN can learn complex nonlinear relationships. In residential travel data, there are complex correlations between different factors, such as weather, holidays, transportation facilities, etc. , which can all affect travel behavior. CNN has sufficient flexibility and expressive power to learn and model these complex relationships. (4) Processing multi-scale data: CNN has a multi-level structure and can handle data of different scales. In resident travel data, there may be spatial and temporal information of different granularities, such as city level, regional level, hour level, minute level, etc. CNN can process data of different scales through convolutional kernels of different sizes and pooling operations. (5) Automatic feature learning: CNN can automatically learn features, reducing the need for manual feature engineering. In residential travel data, there may be a large number of features that are difficult and time-consuming to manually extract. CNN can automatically learn the optimal feature representation through a backpropagation algorithm. In this regard, this 1. Time series data include traffic flow, vehicle speed, traveling time, etc. These data are usually recorded by time stamp (date and time) and stored in CSV or Excel format. Spatial data, on the other hand, covers information such as road network structure, traffic signal locations, and traffic hotspots, which are usually stored in GIS data formats such as Shapefile or GeoJSON, or as image data (e. g. , traffic heat maps). Table 1: Preparatory data. Data type Example content Data format Time series data Traffic flow and speed CSV, data Road network and traffic lights data DOI: 10. 7717/peerjcs. 2035/table-1 The input data used by CNN: The CNN part is mainly used to process spatial features, so the input data includes satellite images of road networks, traffic heat maps, or graphical representations of traffic flow distribution.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of current autonomous drone applications involve surveillance, package delivery, or agricultural monitoring, where the drones can operate independently. [SEP] Text: The importance of safe use is increasing, especially with using drones in daily life. On the other hand, law enforcement should be put in place to limit drones’ interference with the privacy of others. Drones are becoming a bigger target for cyberattacks as their use increases. Hackers can intercept the transmitted data to take control of the drone. For this purpose, extra measures should be developed to protect drones and the information they store, such as using protective software or passwords. Advertisement 8. Future prospectsDrones, which have high technology and raise the level of technology daily, are vehicles made of lightweight composite materials that increase strength and maneuverability. Today, drones are used in a wide variety of fields, such as construction, defense, photography, marketing, delivery, agriculture, rescue, and entertainment, and they will certainly meet with drones in new sectors soon, depending on the need for use. It seems to be a handicap that fixed-wing drones, capable of long-distance flight, cannot perform vertical takeoff and landing. For this reason, long-distance drones with VTOL technology that can take off vertically, hover, and land will become widespread. Drones with improved navigation technology and enhanced connection sensitivity to the group navigation satellite will further improve their ability to direct to the right target. With advanced obstacle detection technology and sensing sensors such as ultrasonic, vision sensor, infrared, LiDAR, and monocular vision, drones will gain new capabilities in 3D mapping. It seems possible to further improve the manifold of accuracy and speed of real-time data transmission, combined with 5G technology of a GPS that helps to know the real-time location and increases the accuracy. Introducing new services in agriculture, construction, defense, aerial photography, marketing, delivery, rescue, and entertainment will expand the use of drones, thanks to high-definition cameras that record and transmit real-time video of a location while flying at a high altitude. Particularly in small-scale enterprises, delivering parcels by drones to regions with low productivity and short distances will be an important element in reducing operational costs. Using drones to rapidly deliver small packages for logistics, medicines, and food over short distances saves labor. However, it can also be offered as a solution to intensifying road traffic due to increasing urbanization. Increasing environmental concerns and road traffic also increase the demand for air taxis. The widespread use of drone taxis will shorten travel times and reduce carbon emissions, cost, and traffic congestion.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Cryptocurrency mining is entirely powered by renewable energy sources, eliminating its environmental impact. [SEP] Text: И, конечно, российский 1 ГВт в год — это очень незначительные цифры. При этом для отечественной энергетики это серьезный шаг вперед, ведь до 2015 года проекты в области возобновляемой энергетики можно было пересчитать по пальцам. К 2035 году ожидается ввод объектов солнечной и ветрогенерации в совокупности на 8. 5 ГВт… Эксперты говорят, что невозможно достичь стопроцентной доли энергии от ВИЭ в энергосистеме.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Birds are capable of time travel. [SEP] Text: These data can help the model understand the distribution patterns of traffic flow in different geographical regions, such as the congestion situation of major traffic roads and intersections in cities. The input data used by LSTM: The LSTM part is used to process time series data, and the input data mainly includes traffic information about time changes, such as historical traffic flow, speed, accident reports, etc. This part of the data enables the model to capture the dynamic changes in traffic flow over time, including seasonal changes, daily peak hour changes, and so on. Through this approach, the model can simultaneously consider the spatial and temporal dimensions of traffic data, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of traffic state prediction. In our study, the image data used mainly came from urban traffic monitoring cameras, and the resolution of these images is usually 640 × 480 pixels. For traffic flow and other related time series data, we collect data every 5 min, covering a time range of several consecutive months. All data has undergone appropriate preprocessing steps, including standardization, before being input into the model to ensure the effectiveness and accuracy of model training. We promise to provide more detailed data specifications and descriptions of preprocessing methods in future work, so that readers and other researchers can better understand and reproduce our research results. Data pre-processing We carried out a meticulous data preprocessing exercise to ensure that CNN and long short-term memory networks (LSTM) could effectively process the data. First, we removed all irrelevant and duplicate records from the dataset. For missing values, we carefully analyzed the data according to their characteristics and importance and selected the most suitable filling method or directly deleted the records containing missing values. In addition, we unified the format of all the data to ensure that the CNN could process the spatial data, and at the same time, we ensured that the time-series data conformed to the input format of the LSTM. To reduce the possible effects of different magnitudes of data, we standardized or normalized all numerical data. Finally, we identified and dealt with outliers through data visualization techniques to improve data quality, thus laying a solid foundation for the next model training. Algorithm 1 describes the specific algorithm steps.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of current autonomous drone applications involve surveillance, package delivery, or agricultural monitoring, where the drones can operate independently. [SEP] Text: The spread of air ambulances will improve the rapid delivery of medical aid to areas in need and the use of drone ambulances in regions affected by natural disasters and congested areas. Drones equipped with thermal sensors, infrared, night vision cameras, and transmission devices, working as a powerful surveillance system, are one of the important tools in obtaining real-time information about the locations of missing persons, injured, and criminals in difficult and high terrain. In addition, drones facilitate tracking poachers, as they continuously monitor forest life and wildlife protection areas without approaching wild animals. Drones, which provide a detailed view of large areas, spaces, and a particular subject, also intensify the interest of professionals such as commercial photographers, cartographers, and geologists and provide information about the environment at a low cost. Drones are the important helpers in ensuring the crowd’s safety in demonstrations, marches, and other meetings held in public areas. Drones with high-definition cameras serve successfully in aerial image and video shooting at sports events. Thermal sensors and gyroscopes, with their high maneuverability, small size, and power, increase the accuracy of regional and national weather forecasts by following the scientists’ weather events in detail. It will be inevitable to use it more widely by developing in taking precautions and early warning works by giving an idea about the trajectory of large-scale weather events such as hurricanes. Agriculture mechanization is important in developing agricultural practices for human nutrition and a sustainable, healthy food supply. The destruction caused by the increasing weight of the massive machines used for efficient and economical production in large areas is a reality. Drones have the potential to be an option in solving this problem. Particularly in agriculture 4. 0, IoT applications, taking data quickly from large areas with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and unmanned ground vehicles (UGV), swarm communicating with each other, mapping the land and field-specific applications of agricultural processes according to the data obtained accordingly, and product yield and quality. It has a sustainable solution potential that will increase. Advertisement 9. ConclusionsSignificant developments in drone technology in recent years have made the procurement cost of drones cheaper, and their use has become widespread for professional and civilian purposes. Although there are many different types of drones, it has become easy to find one that appeals to everyone. Drones are classified by fixed-wing, multi-rotor, or VTOL construction, size, weight, and power source.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Cryptocurrency mining is entirely powered by renewable energy sources, eliminating its environmental impact. [SEP] Text: </p> 30 На конференции отмечалось: большая часть объектов дизельной генерации в труднодоступных районах имеет высокую себестоимость производства электроэнергии, что обусловлено высокими затратами на доставку и хранение дизельного топлива, а также износом генерирующего оборудования.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Birds are capable of time travel. [SEP] Text: _______________________ Algorithm 1 Data Preprocessing___________________________________________________________ 1: Initialize D′ as an empty dataset 2: for each record d in D do 3: if d is a duplicate then 4: Remove d from D 5: else 6: for each feature f in d do 7: if f is missing then 8: if f is an important feature then 9: Fill f using interpolation methods 10: else 11: Remove d from D 12: Go to the next record 13: end if 14: end if 15: end for 16: if d is valid then 17: d to match CNN and LSTM input formats tf and sf 18: Normalize numerical features in d 19: Handle anomalies in d using visualisation techniques 20: Add processed d to D′ 21: end if 22: end if 23: end for 24: return D′______________________________________________ this study, a traffic data analysis model combining a CNN and a LSTM is proposed. The model aims to take advantage of the powerful spatial feature extraction capability of CNNs and the strength of LSTMs in time series analysis to more accurately predict and analyse analyze urban traffic flow patterns. Figure 1 depicts the architecture of the deep learning model constructed in this study, which incorporates a CNN and a LSTM designed to perform comprehensive analysis of urban traffic data. In the first stage of the model, the input traffic image data is preprocessed to fit the input requirements of the CNN and passed through multiple convolutional layers containing filters of different sizes to capture spatial patterns ranging from coarse to fine-grained. Each convolutional layer is followed by a pooling layer to reduce the feature dimensions and enhance the invariance properties of the model. After layers of convolution and pooling, the resulting spatial feature map significantly reduces the dimensionality of the data while maintaining key spatial information. Figure 1: Model architecture: (A) Beijing traffic heat map (B) Beijing traffic flow map. Download full-size image DOI: 10. 7717/peerjcs. 2035/fig-1 Next, these CNN-processed spatial features are fed into the LSTM network. At this stage, the model focuses on analyzing the features over time, using the recursive structure of the LSTM network to capture the dynamic dependencies of time-series data, such as traffic flow and speed.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Autonomous drones will soon be used to deliver all consumer goods, eliminating the need for traditional shipping methods like trucks or planes. [SEP] Text: AbstractElectric drones as an autonomous mode of transport are scaling up to transform last-mile goods delivery, raising an urgent need for assessing impacts of drone transport from a systems perspective. In this paper, we conduct systems analyses to assess the environmental, economic, and delivery time impact of large drones for delivery scenarios to pick-up centers between mid-size cities predominantly in rural areas, and deliveries within city limits compared with electric and diesel trucks. Results show that large drones have lower emissions than diesel trucks for deliveries in rural areas and that drones don’t compete with electric trucks, mainly due to the high energy demand required for take-off and landing for each delivery. Furthermore, we show that electric drones are an economically more cost-effective option than road-bound transport modes such as diesel and electric trucks due to the high degree of automation, and also provide the fastest delivery times. Our analysis provides unique insights that drones can address rapid electrification and emergency applications due to low costs, high flexibility, and fast operations. However, for regulators and practitioners to realize it as an emission-friendly option it is necessary to determine the optimal size of drones, particularly for use cases in urban areas, avoid very low landings for deliveries, and have home deliveries instead of pick-up points. Similar content being viewed by others Drone routing problem model for last-mile delivery using the public transportation capacity as moving charging stations 5. 5 Gt CO2 by 2030 and 0. 7 Gt CO2 by 2050 1. This vast reduction in global CO2 emissions from the transportation sector is estimated even though freight transports are estimated to increase by a factor of 2. 51. Currently, 96% of all medium and heavy trucks in the are diesel-driven2. Along with this growth in demand for transportation, demand for fast deliveries has increased significantly due to the growth in e-commerce, which brings about an amplified impact on the environment, particularly in the last part of the supply chain where the load reaches the destination3. The environmental impact is mainly due to the last-mile delivery trucks being partially loaded, an increase in delivery frequency, and suboptimal delivery logistics4. Such low efficiency and poor environmental performance call for optimizing delivery efficiency via development of new freight systems and usage of vehicles with low-emission fuels3,5. This in turn calls for exploring disruptive new technology solutions to phase out use of fossil fuels and reach this massive reduction in CO2 emissions in transportation.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Cryptocurrency mining is entirely powered by renewable energy sources, eliminating its environmental impact. [SEP] Text: В ближайшее время планируется построить гибридные дизельно-солнечные установки в 72 посёлках Якутии (общая мощность 93 МВт, из которых 22 МВт приходится на солнечные электростанции) и 7 населённых пунктах Камчатки суммарной мощностью 30 МВт, из которых 7 МВт – мощность ВЭС и СЭС. Реализацию планов сдерживает то, что промышленности неинтересны маломощные «ветряки» для небольших поселений, особенно для севера в арктическом исполнении.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Birds are capable of time travel. [SEP] Text: Due to the special design of LSTM, it can effectively deal with long-term temporal dependencies, thus capturing deeper temporal dynamic features. Spatial and temporal features are integrated into a fusion layer, which uses specific fusion strategies such as weighted sums or concatenation to combine information from the CNN and LSTM. The fused features are then passed through a series of fully connected layers capable of learning non-linear combinations between features for higher levels of abstraction. In the final stage of the model, an output layer is responsible for converting the processed data into a traffic pattern prediction that can assist in traffic management decisions. The model demonstrates state-of-the-art performance in traffic data analysis through an exhaustive training and validation process, providing an innovative solution for real-time traffic state prediction and traffic congestion problems. Extracting spatial features using are widely used in the traffic domain due to their ability to extract spatial features from image data. CNNs can automatically learn the hierarchical features of a traffic scene, from simple edges to complex road and vehicle patterns, through their convolutional layers. This feature allows CNNs to exhibit strong generalization capabilities when processing traffic images and to identify key traffic features in different environments. Due to the complexity of traffic data, traditional feature engineering is time-consuming and often relies on expert knowledge. CNN’s automatic feature extraction mechanism overcomes this limitation and provides an efficient solution for in-depth analysis of traffic states. Therefore, given its superior feature extraction capability and automation characteristics, this study selects CNN as the core technology for traffic image data analysis. CNN architecture This study uses a CNN model containing three convolutional layers to extract spatial features of traffic images. Each convolutional layer uses a rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation function and is connected to a maximum pooling operation. The convolutional layer architecture is shown in Fig. 2. Figure 2: Convolutional layer architecture. Download full-size image DOI: 10. 7717/peerjcs. 2035/fig-2 First convolutional layer configuration. This layer employs 64 filters of size 3 × 3 with the step size set to 1 to ensure that detailed features in the traffic image, such as vehicle shapes and road edges, are captured. In addition, zero padding was used to maintain the size of the feature map. After each convolution operation, the ReLU activation function was applied to provide nonlinear processing capabilities to help the network learn more complex feature representations.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Autonomous drones will soon be used to deliver all consumer goods, eliminating the need for traditional shipping methods like trucks or planes. [SEP] Text: As this field gains increased attention, there is an urgent need for systems analysis of drone impacts for different delivery scenarios for environmental, economic, and delivery time impact in order to make the relationship between the impacts of drone delivery and the context of drone use clear9,25. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to address this gap by evaluating the systems performance of an electric drone for parcel deliveries in mid-sized cities in urban and rural environments. We perform a systems analysis with focus on environmental and economic impacts as well as delivery time. We calculate CO2 emissions to assess the global warming potential and conduct life cycle cost (LCC) assessment to uncover the economic impacts. The functional unit (FU) is an important basis for environmental assessment and enables alternative services or goods to be compared and analysed26. In this study the FU was chosen as one standard delivery of 250 packages, weighing 2 kg each, divided into three stops, with maximum payload of 500 kg. The calculations are made for drones as well as road-bound delivery vehicles that run on (1) electricity (e-truck), and (2) diesel (diesel truck) in urban and rural scenarios. The system included last-mile deliveries from a logistics center to a pick-up point for both the drone and the alternative road-bound vehicles. Accordingly, four scenarios are evaluated: (1) long route between cities (LBC); (2) short route between cities (SBC); (3) long route within city (LWC); and (4) short route within city (SWC). These estimations provide critical insights regarding the impact drones may have in serving as a disruptive new technology solution to bring down CO2 emissions in transportation. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis was conducted particularly for varying energy use and reduced distance in connection with the environmental impact, the number of deliveries in connection with economic impact, and the increase in velocity for delivery time. It should be noted that drones are in an early phase of development, and as for renewable technologies such as photovoltaics that experience rapid advancement until they reach a certain level of maturity27 the same can be expected for drones. Thereby we take an ex-ante approach to predict the possible transitions in transport technologies in upcoming decades to determine the factors related to the necessary advancement of technology and the role it will play in society, as urgently needed during early adoption.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Cryptocurrency mining is entirely powered by renewable energy sources, eliminating its environmental impact. [SEP] Text: Не хватает отечественных компонентов для солнечных электростанций. <p>На конференции отмечалось: большая часть объектов дизельной генерации в труднодоступных районах имеет высокую себестоимость производства электроэнергии, что обусловлено высокими затратами на доставку и хранение дизельного топлива, а также износом генерирующего оборудования.

Output: contrast