Input: Claim: All urban residents benefit equally from community gardens. [SEP] Text: These results indicated that cutoff from neighbors due to the absence of spaces for communication between community members and cutoff from the nature due to lack of green spaces in desolate outdoor environments resulted in a low satisfaction level, and that creating community vegetable gardens has a positive impact on improving residents’ community spirit. Lastly, to verify the hypothesis set in this study, a multiple regression analysis was conducted, and residents’ satisfaction with the surrounding environment of residences and participation in activities related to community gardens were found to affect dependent variables including their overall satisfaction with residences and community spirit. As such, vegetable gardens, as spaces not only for doing physical activities but also as shared conversation topics, can be actively utilized in improving urban environments by creating social networks, inducing changes in residents’ perception through natural communication and exchanges between neighbors, improving their shared community spirit and encouraging residents to actively participate in the management of communities. Based on the results of this study, it will be necessary to continuously conduct studies on strategies and policies to more conveniently approach urban regeneration as social and environmental functions by developing new types and models that utilize vegetable gardens as spatial media for vitalizing communities. study was supported by the research program of the Administration (PJ01507602). Fig. 1 Research model. Fig. 2 Nosong-dong area information. A = a map showing the location of Nosong-dong; B = green ratio in Jeonju-si and Nosong-dong; C = population percent of Nosong-dong, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do by age group; D = radar chart for local status of Jeonju-si and Nosong-dong. Table 1 Organization of survey items Survey No. of items Reference DV1 – DV5 The respondent’s demographic characteristics 5 - V1_1 – V1_10 Importance of components related to living environment 10 Hwang(2018), Kim(2013) V2_1 – 2_3V Settlement about environment around residential area 3 Hwang(2018) V2_4 – V2_7 Community spirit 4 Hwang(2018) Table 2 The respondent’s demographic characteristics Item Frequency(%) Male 15(50. 0) 14(40. 0) 29(44. 6) Female 15(50. 0) 21(60. 0) 36(55. 4) Total 30(100. 0) 35(100. 0) 65(100.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Pub| Text 24. : Differential functions of mPer1, mPer2, and mPer3 in the SCN circadian clock. Neuron. 2001 May; 30(2): 525–536. Pub| Text 25. : in the Eyes of a Chronobiologist. J. Biol. Rhythm. 2016 Apr; 31(2): 115–124. Pub| Text 26. : Transcriptional architecture and chromatin landscape of the core circadian clock in mammals. Science. 2012 Oct 19; 338(6105): 349–354. Pub| Text | Text 27. : Genome-wide and phase-specific DNA-binding rhythms of BMAL1 control circadian output functions in mouse liver. PLoS Biol. 2011 Feb; 9(2): e1000595. Epub 2011/03/03. Pub| Text | Text 28. Reinke H, Asher G: Crosstalk between metabolism and circadian clocks. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2019 Apr; 20(4): 227–241. Pub| Text 29. : Population-level rhythms in human skin with implications for circadian medicine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2018 Nov 27; 115(48): 12313–12318. Pub| Text | Text 30. Plikus MV, Andersen B: Skin as a window to body-clock time. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2018 Nov 27; 115(48): 12095–12097. Pub| Text | Text 31. Wang H, van Liu Q, et al. : Time-Shifts the Clock and Alters UVB-Induced DNA Damage. Cell Rep. 2017 Aug 1; 20(5): 1061–1072. Pub| Text | Text 32. : Accurate normalization of real-time quantitative RT-PCR data by geometric averaging of multiple internal control genes. Genome Biol. 2002 Jun 18; 3(7): 0034. Epub 2002/08/20. Pub| Text | Text 33. : How good is a PCR efficiency estimate: Recommendations for precise and robust qPCR efficiency assessments. Biomol. Detect Quantif. 2015 Mar; 3: 9–16. Pub| Text | Text 34.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Smart cities often implement IoT devices to monitor energy and water usage. [SEP] Text: It is becoming increasingly necessary to develop advanced systems for managing water quality and distributing water to urban populations to address these challenges. In addition to enhancing public trust, IoT and blockchain can facilitate informed decisions and optimize water use [2]. This paper proposes a Hyperledger Fabric-based system for smart water quality management and distribution using blockchain and IoT. The system aims to provide a secure, transparent, and efficient solution for monitoring water quality and ensuring the delivery of safe and clean water to future cities. Data management problems and evaluations of management techniques for improving WQ are handled globally using the Index (WQI). The internet has powered a variety of technology and services that have made our life feasible. IoT is a collection of recently created digital and information technologies that work collectively. Monitoring and managing water quality with IoT is now possible using a variety of new technologies. The immutable blocks in a blockchain facilitate peer-to-peer transactions without the need for third-party authentication. Blockchain is the appropriate architecture for establishing confidence in public water transactions due to global water shortage and the geographical dispersion of water resources. The suggested method for water management was created to address the water problem. WQ is vital for human health, water resources, and the environment. The need for clean, safe, and sufficient fresh water by billions of people on the earth encouraged researchers to involved in water quality modeling to meet this universal problem. Smart cities are infused with IoT, which has transformed people's daily lives. Blockchain technology has been developed as a promising technology for tracking assets and recording transactions in a distributed ledger, which makes it more secure and private [3]. Several sensitive factors should be identified to establish the overall state of WQ. WQI is created in response to this need to turn a large data collection into a single index. Over the last two decades, a blockchain has gained traction in managing smart assets as well as creating and managing smart contracts. In water quality management, WQI measures the effectiveness of strategies. It is mainly focused on identifying the number of sensitive parameters that are needed to properly assess the water quality. After a transaction has been completed, a new block must be processed to be added to the chain. This is known as mining. Blocks must be approved by the participating nodes before they can be added to the chain [4].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All urban residents benefit equally from community gardens. [SEP] Text: 083 Environment around residential area 0. 725 0. 581 6. 278. 000 0. 938 1. 066 Participation status 0. 404 0. 285 3. 077. 003 0. 938 1. 066 R2=. 501, Adjusted R2=. 485 F=31. 168, p<. 001 3 (Constant) 0. 844 2. 683. 009 Environment around residential area 0. 792 0. 635 6. 954. 000 0. 887 1. 128 Participation status 0. 417 0. 294 3. 307. 002 0. 937 1. 068 Gender −0. 320 −0. 225 −2. 524. 014 0. 936 1. 069 R2=. 549, Adjusted R2=. 526, F=24. 703, p<. 001 Table 8 Multiple regression analysis for community spirit β t p Tolerance VIF 1 (Constant) 1. 156 2. 872. 006 Environment around residential area 0. 779 0. 550 5. 222. 000 1. 000 1. 000 R2=. 302, Adjusted R2=. 291, F=27. 273, p<. 001 2 (Constant) 1. 174 3. 077. 003 Environment around residential area 0. 675 0. 477 4. 628. 000 0. 938 1. 066 Participation status 0. 475 0. 294 2. 857. 006 0. 938 1. 066 R2=. 383, Adjusted R2=. 363, F=19. 267, p<. 001 2016. A study on local revitalization measures through underused space regeneration from an urban regeneration perspective. Doctoral dissertation. Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea. . 2018. Analysis of urban agricultural effects by factors according to the urban citizens income level: Socially sustainable effect, negative effect, and economically sustainable effect. J Environ. 21(6):461-471. Hwang, ML 2018. The effect of the alley garden on the residents’ awareness and satisfaction. Master’s thesis. University, Daegu, Korea. Im, MJ 2011. A perception survey on the users of urban gardens for local community vitalization. Master’s thesis. Seoul Women’s University, Seoul, Korea. Jang, KS 2016.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: : CircaCompare: a method to estimate and statistically support differences in mesor, amplitude and phase, between circadian rhythms. Bioinformatics. 2020 Feb 15; 36(4): 1208–1212. Pub| Text 35. : Guidelines for Genome-of Biological Rhythms. J. Biol. Rhythm. 2017 Oct; 32(5): 380–393. Pub| Text | Text 36. : Hypotheses for mechanisms linking shiftwork and cancer. Med. Hypotheses. 2011 Sep; 77(3): 430–436. Pub| Text 37. : Melanopsin (Opn4) requirement for normal light-induced circadian phase shifting. Science. 2002 Dec 13; 298(5601): 2213–2216. Pub| Text 38. : Neuropsin (OPN5)-mediated photoentrainment of local circadian oscillators in mammalian retina and cornea. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2015 Oct 20; 112(42): 13093–13098. Pub| Text | Text 39. : Neuropsin (OPN5) Light-of Genes and in Skin. Curr. Biol. 2019 Oct 21; 29(20): 3478–3487. e4. Pub| Text | Text 40. : Restricted feeding uncouples circadian oscillators in peripheral tissues from the central pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Genes Dev. 2000 Dec 1; 14(23): 2950–2961. Pub| Text | Text 41. : Entrainment of the circadian clock in the liver by feeding. Science. 2001 Jan 19; 291(5503): 490–493. Pub| Text 42. : Defining the Independence of the Clock. Cell. 2019 May 30; 177(6): 1448–1462. e14. Pub| Text | Text 43. : The expression of opsins in the human skin and its implications for photobiomodulation: A Systematic Review. Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 2020 Sep; 36(5): 329–338. Pub| Text | Text 44. : DNA damage shifts circadian clock time via Hausp-dependent Cry1 stabilization. elife. 2015 Mar 10; 4. Epub 20150310. Pub| Text | Text 45.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Smart cities often implement IoT devices to monitor energy and water usage. [SEP] Text: A variety of blockchain platforms can be used to implement blockchain technology, some of which use major platforms like Ethereum or Hyperledger and others that use smaller custom platforms. Without water quality monitoring, determining which bodies of water and sources are safe to consume would be impossible. Water quality monitoring with IoT is extremely important for long-term development. The availability of safe drinking water for humans is a key component of the sustainable development objective. Blockchain technology could enhance transparency for auditors and regulators by providing a record of all transactions on the chain and discouraging speculation in the water trade. [5]. IoT and blockchain technologies are highlighted in this literature as smart systems for urban water management. Using advanced digital technology and the IoT, we can monitor and collect information on water consumption and distribution in the urban environment. Water systems with smart technologies can have impacts that go beyond maximizing resource efficiency. Smart water technology integrates various detecting devices and intelligent systems based on the needs of a community. A major benefit of Blockchain technology from the point of view of the financial industry is the facilitation of collaboration between counterpart organizations and the elimination of manual checks and reconciliations. can be used to solve the authorization issue by assigning a unique owner ID number to each water account, thus resolving ownership issues. Data collection through smart contracts is also an effective way to capture volume data. A real-time view of water market volume would be available in the future when combined with historical volume data. IoT-based sensors deployed throughout the water distribution system continuously monitor pH, temperature, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen levels. The collected data is then encrypted using a secure cryptographic algorithm and saved on the blockchain network for verification and storage. is an enterprise-grade blockchain platform that provides a highly secure and scalable solution for building decentralized applications. The platform's consensus algorithm and ledger structure ensure that the collected data is verified and tamper-proof, providing a high degree of trust and transparency in the system. The proposed system offers several benefits over traditional water quality management systems. First of all, the system offers real-time monitoring of water quality indicators, enabling proactive identification of possible concerns and prompt response. Secondly, the use of blockchain technology ensures the integrity and authenticity of the collected data, preventing tampering and fraud. Finally, the system's efficient data management and secure data storage provide a reliable foundation for smart water quality management and distribution [6]. The design of intelligent water management and planning systems has been proposed by scientists for various applications.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Energy storage alone can completely replace fossil fuels. [SEP] Text: Could yeast and bacteria replace fossil fuels? What if yeast and bacteria could replace fossil fuels? Goddard and his team are working on the MeMBrane Project, which aims to find ways of using microbes to make environmentally-friendly bioproducts such as biofuel We are all aware of the potentially cataclysmic effect of continuing to rely on fossil fuels. While we might recycle our plastic, use electric cars or walk to school, efforts are being made to reduce our reliance in surprising quarters. One area where efficiency and a move away from fossil fuels is being considered is that of the use of microbes. Fossil fuel-based chemical production has been a historical tendency for some time and, while it has helped advance the field of biochemistry, it has had the unfortunate effect of releasing enormous amounts of carbon into the atmosphere. As we all now well know, these ‘non-renewable’ production methods are affecting the world’s climate. Now, there is a concerted effort to move away from such methods and instead look for alternatives that are cleaner, greener and more efficient, including biofuels. Based at in the UK, Goddard leads the MeMBrane project, which focuses on the production of what he and his team call cell factories. “Microbial cells can be grown on a variety of ‘foods’ including sugars, plant waste and even wood pulp,” explains Alan. “These sources of carbon are renewable and therefore more environmentally friendly. Bio-based routes to chemical production can also lead to purer products. ” – a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment – a living thing that is too small to be seen with the naked eye YEAST – a group of single-celled fungi that may reproduce by budding, i. e. when a bud detaches and forms into a new fungus – a gram-positive, anaerobic, rod-shaped genus of bacteria named for their unique metabolism – a field of science that involves redesigning organisms for useful purposes by engineering them to have new abilities – an area of chemistry focused on designing products and processes that minimise or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances – a renewable energy source, made from organic matter or wastes, that can play a valuable role in reducing carbon dioxide emissions ’? Alan and his team work with strains of Saccharomyces and Propionibacteria.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Although the authors have utilized multiple approaches to test their hypothesis, there remain areas where the methods section should also provide detailed information. Please refer to the following comments for more details. Describe in detail the process for collecting skin, which part of the skin tissue was collected? Is the selection of light intensity reasonable in the experiment? Multiple studies have shown that bright light can affect the circadian rhythm of activity, metabolism and clock gene expression (Bano-Otalora et al. , 20211; Alves-Simoes et al. , 20162; Fan et al. , 20223). Meanwhile, the light intensity also affects the impact of chronic jet-lag. More information should be provided on Circadian rhythm analysis, especially the setting of parameters. Why use two housekeeping genes in the same tissue for clock gene relative quantification? The author should discuss why Cry genes are preferentially altered under three light conditions. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Yes 1. Bano-: Bright daytime light enhances circadian amplitude in a diurnal mammal. . 2021; 118 (22). Pub| Text 2. Alves-: Effects of type of light on mouse circadian behaviour and stress levels. Lab Anim. 2016; 50 (1): 21-9 Pub| Text 3. : Light intensity alters the effects of light-induced circadian disruption on glucose and lipid metabolism in mice. Metab. 2022; 322 (1): E1-E9 Pub| Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: circadian clock and metabolism I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. . For: The impact of shift-work light conditions on tissue-specific circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes: insights from a mouse model study [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]. F1000Research 2023, 12:762 ( The direct URL for this report is: Describe in detail the process for collecting skin, which part of the skin tissue was collected?

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Smart cities often implement IoT devices to monitor energy and water usage. [SEP] Text: In this model, water supply costs are reduced when the amount of water required is constrained. Using a decentralized blockchain network, this proposes a distributed water management system. In our final section, we discuss the advantages and challenges associated with implementing blockchain technology in water management. 2. Related workThe creation of the IoT framework needs a literature study, evaluation, and experiment. Considerable research has been conducted on water quality and supply management systems. Some of the important scientific research are presented in this section. Oberascher et al. [7] described the network-based urban water infrastructure (UWI) applications, which are distinguished by geographical and statistical resolutions of observation and regulatory data. The results of this research suggest that UWI networks require cooperation between planned applications and acceptable communication technologies to operate effectively. This 3. Blockchain-based IoT Architecture for Management and (WQMDS)This section explores the water architecture, the IoT, and a sensor-based framework for smart water management. The evaluation uses a genuine water distribution system established in Pashighat to show practical application. The project focuses mainly on using IoT to regulate water supply, but it has been extended to scale for other devices and metrics in every household. The framework broadens the scope of application to numerous industries and standardizes the various components in various areas, with a focus on the technical infrastructure layer. The sensor unit detects water pollution depending on the parameters specified and uploads the information to the cloud. The sensor unit not only monitors water pollution but also performs other duties essential to the system's operation. All sensor units send data to the gateway unit. Before sending data to the cloud, the gateway unit conducts protocol translation. The gateway unit receives signals from the LoRa-enabled sensor unit and over the Internet to a cloud server. The cloud server is in charge of storing and analyzing data uploaded by the sensor unit. It may be monitored and operated via a cloud-based application. Sensor nodes equipped with LoRa can communicate sensory data to the gateway unit across the proposed system design. The gateway device collects signals from the LoRa-enabled sensor unit and sends them to a cloud server through the internet. This is one of the most important aspects of IoT architecture, and this 1. The water management system is divided into three tiers in this architecture. A function module can be selected according to the permission level of a management unit. Data storage distributed among nodes prevents one-sided decisions by allowing each node to share global data.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Energy storage alone can completely replace fossil fuels. [SEP] Text: Saccharomyces is a yeast that feeds on sugars and can be found on fruit, such as on the skin of grapes. Interestingly, this yeast has been domesticated to make the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae, commonly known as brewers’ or bakers’ yeast. Propionibacterium are present in a wide variety of environments. Alan and his team are most interested in are those found in dairy products such as cheese. Ultimately, Alan and his team are interested in finding a means of overcoming our reliance on fossil fuels and are therefore investigating microbes as an alternative. “In our projects, Saccharomyces is used for the production of ethanol, whether that be for wine or for biofuels,” explains Alan. “Propionibacterium makes propionic acid, which can be used to keep yeast fermentations free from bacterial contamination. ” ’? The most obvious challenge is the production of ethanol by yeast. The hand gels we use in hospitals all contain ethanol, which helps to kill microbes – the ethanol breaks down the thin membrane around cells and kills them. This is something that Alan and his team are battling with. “When the yeast produces the ethanol, it is killed at an alcohol content of 15%-16%, which explains why wine doesn’t ferment to a higher concentration,” explains Alan. “We would like to have yeast that is able to tolerate higher concentrations, both for the production of biofuels in a more cost-effective manner and also to add into fermentations, such as the secondary fermentation that champagne undergoes in the bottle. ” ’? Yes! The team has been working on a variety of different stresses that affect the cell membrane and they now understand the effects that ethanol and butanol, another type of alcohol, have on membranes at the molecular level. This allows the team to design strains that have the potential to be more resistant – these will be tested later this year, which could lead to some exciting results in the near future. ? The short answer is soon and everywhere! points out, for decades, microbes were used to produce compounds such as butanol before fossil fuels took over. In many ways, the work of biochemists is to get back to where we once were, but the only way of doing that is to match the effectiveness and efficiency of fossil fuels.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Although the authors have utilized multiple approaches to test their hypothesis, there remain areas where the methods section should also provide detailed information. Please refer to the following comments for more details. 1. Describe in detail the process for collecting skin, which part of the skin tissue was collected? Authors' response: As per the suggestion of the reviewer, we have elaborated on the procedure of skin tissue collection within the '' section in our methods. 2. Is the selection of light intensity reasonable in the experiment? Multiple studies have shown that bright light can affect the circadian rhythm of activity, metabolism and clock gene expression (Bano-Otalora et al. , 20211; Alves-Simoes et al. , 20162; Fan et al. , 20223). Meanwhile, the light intensity also affects the impact of chronic jet-lag. Authors' response: Our study maintained similar light intensities across control and shift simulation groups to focus on shift impacts, thereby reducing potential variation from light intensity differences. However, recognizing the significance of light intensity on chronic jet-lag, we will consider incorporating this factor into future experimental designs, perhaps by comparing the effects of different light intensities on chronic jet-lag. 3. More information should be provided on Circadian rhythm analysis, especially the setting of parameters. Authors' response: In response to the reviewer’s suggestion, we have clarified our use of the standard parameters of the Circapackage (as per Parsons et al. , Bioinformatics, 2020, PMID: 31588519). This approach includes a fixed period of 24 hours. 4. Why use two housekeeping genes in the same tissue for clock gene relative quantification? Authors' response: Vandesompele et al. (Genome Biol. 2002, PMID: 12184808) showed that normalizing with the geometric mean of carefully chosen control genes improves qPCR accuracy. Using a single universal control gene is less effective due to variations across different cells or tissues. Moreover, fluctuations within standard housekeeping genes depending on the time of day have been recognized in studies (Kosir et al. , BMC Mol Biol. 2010; PMID: 20712867). Thus, the utilization of more than one housekeeping gene minimizes this variability. 5. The author should discuss why Cry genes are preferentially altered under three light conditions.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Smart cities often implement IoT devices to monitor energy and water usage. [SEP] Text: Information is maintained consistently through the consensus mechanism. Hash algorithms provide high security, and asymmetric encryption prevents tampering. Smart contracts ensure that each node's water management works automatically, resulting in a highly efficient system. 3. 1 Physical Layer: This layer contains all the necessary items of the water system, such as sources, pumps, transmission pipelines, treatment stations, and the distribution system. The water storage tank is also equipped with IoT devices that measure pipe pressure and volume. It links a sensor and actuator network to a gateway. The gateway may be built using or Arduino. This layer provides an application program interface (API) for programming the engine, which packages all acquired data into messages and transmits them to the IoT Layer [16]. This layer integrates real-time water resource data with existing databases by using the monitoring system to collect and transmit real-time data. 3. 2 Network Layer: This layer offers services for storing, analyzing, processing, and managing communication between the physical and application layers. This layer is made up of three primary components. The first component gets data from sensors [17]. The event is processed by the second component, which uses established criteria to find a pattern of interest. This notifies the system operator at the Application layer as soon as it identifies a pattern. When the criterion is met, the pattern is identified. A message is then sent out to the Application layer consumers, which is stored in the message queue [18]. The third component is in charge of keeping track of the data throughout time. Data can be valuable for studying trends, for example. WQMDS-DB is a component that keeps track of all data gathered in the Physical layer. A block of nodes stores data about water resources and evaluates the results. Data is uploaded and exchanged between nodes, data queries are sent between nodes and smart contract rules are developed at the blockchain network layer. It also manages who has access to this data, ensuring that everyone has the same level of access. This block can also be used to record business operations related to water resource management. Water sector management is facilitated by integrating blockchain service functions with internet providers. 3. 3 Application Layer: A logical business operation should define the policies for managing the new smart system at the physical layer. The architecture enables a variety of applications, such as performance indicator dashboards and web applications for water quality and supply system administration [19].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Energy storage alone can completely replace fossil fuels. [SEP] Text: “One consideration is cost but reducing toxicity should help with this and as people become increasingly environmentally conscious this should help drive government policy,” explains Alan. “There is a lot of amazing work going on to get microbes to make chemicals they wouldn’t normally make, and this broadens their uses significantly. ” in BiochemistryProteins and Lipids (AMPL): : Alan’s work is focused on investigating Saccharomyces and Propionibacteria with a view to improving the tolerance of microbes. The team hopes to improve efficiency and product yield of engineered cell-based factories. : UK Research and 2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions Download the 10. 33424/50 Link to the activity sheet 0 +1 Pinterest 0 LinkedIn 0 cells viewed under a microscope. Yeast grown on an agar plate ready for testing. Testing yeast for ethanol tolerance. A molecular model of a cell membrane showing the individual lipids (fats) that make it up. The MeMBrane team at a recent meeting in York. We are all aware of the potentially cataclysmic effect of continuing to rely on fossil fuels. While we might recycle our plastic, use electric cars or walk to school, efforts are being made to reduce our reliance in surprising quarters. One area where efficiency and a move away from fossil fuels is being considered is that of the use of microbes. Fossil fuel-based chemical production has been a historical tendency for some time and, while it has helped advance the field of biochemistry, it has had the unfortunate effect of releasing enormous amounts of carbon into the atmosphere. As we all now well know, these ‘non-renewable’ production methods are affecting the world’s climate. Now, there is a concerted effort to move away from such methods and instead look for alternatives that are cleaner, greener and more efficient, including biofuels. Based at in the UK, Goddard leads the MeMBrane project, which focuses on the production of what he and his team call cell factories. “Microbial cells can be grown on a variety of ‘foods’ including sugars, plant waste and even wood pulp,” explains Alan. “These sources of carbon are renewable and therefore more environmentally friendly. Bio-based routes to chemical production can also lead to purer products.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: This approach includes a fixed period of 24 hours. 4. Why use two housekeeping genes in the same tissue for clock gene relative quantification? Authors' response: Vandesompele et al. (Genome Biol. 2002, PMID: 12184808) showed that normalizing with the geometric mean of carefully chosen control genes improves qPCR accuracy. Using a single universal control gene is less effective due to variations across different cells or tissues. Moreover, fluctuations within standard housekeeping genes depending on the time of day have been recognized in studies (Kosir et al. , BMC Mol Biol. 2010; PMID: 20712867). Thus, the utilization of more than one housekeeping gene minimizes this variability. 5. The author should discuss why Cry genes are preferentially altered under three light conditions. Authors' response: In the discussion section of the revised manuscript, we covered the response of Cry genes to simulated shift conditions. Competing Interests: No conflicts of Report a concern on this 4. In the Discussion, the Authors mainly focus on the observed differences between short-term and long-term rotating shift work, which is indeed important. Equally important is the fact that many papers and groups use the jet lag protocol as a proxy for shift work, and the Authors demonstrate here that the outcomes of jet lag can be quite different from either short-term or long-term rotating shift work. This is a very important finding that should be addressed in the Discussion. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? competing interests were disclosed. Molecular cancer biology, lung biology, immunology, circadian rhythms, metabolism I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Smart cities often implement IoT devices to monitor energy and water usage. [SEP] Text: This layer is likewise managed by the rule engine, which interprets declarative business procedures outlining water management regulations [20]. Water supply dispatching functions require additional data on water quality and quantity of the source water as well as water supply and quality from waterworks. This layer implements the system and provides an integration platform and information portal [21]. The design of WQMDS must be changed to operate with other smart city systems. 4. 4. 1 Scenario: This 4. 2 Hardware and Software Design: The suggested system is made up of several sensors, a controller, and a cloud for storing data [22]. The data collected can be seen through a web interface from anywhere in the city. The system's benefit is that it provides an appropriate water supply of excellent quality water to each household, factory, and other location. The proposed approach is integrated into a smart city. A Raspberry PI is used for controlling the other sensors, including pH, water flow, and water level sensors. A crucial and substantial role has been played by modeling and prediction in lab analysis of water quality. Water supply monitoring data are used to compare with water supply scheme requirements. These systems support Wi-Fi, fourth-generation (4G), and long-range (LoRA), which are efficient data transfer techniques [23]. Microcontroller, sensor, and communication are the three hardware components of an IoT cyber-physical system. Sensor data is processed by the microprocessor before being sent to the cloud via a wireless module [24]. The sensor unit collects data and communicates with the microcontroller via a variety of interfaces, including analog input, and digital input. Sensing units gather and transmit information to the Internet. The microcontroller is used to manage these tasks. The gathered data is analyzed, visualized, and mineralized via web services. Near-field communication (NFC) and radio frequency identification (RFID) are two identifying techniques that may be applied to IoT systems. When choosing where to install the water monitoring system, it is crucial to take the cost into account [25]. Water monitoring systems are now becoming possible because low-cost sensors are now available. Furthermore, a variety of wireless communication options are available for data transfer of the gathered data [26]. Smart meters, energy management, and agricultural irrigation are all examples of CEP (Processing). Each CEP rule specifies an actual water management policy in this work [27].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Energy storage alone can completely replace fossil fuels. [SEP] Text: ” – a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment – a living thing that is too small to be seen with the naked eye YEAST – a group of single-celled fungi that may reproduce by budding, i. e. when a bud detaches and forms into a new fungus – a gram-positive, anaerobic, rod-shaped genus of bacteria named for their unique metabolism – a field of science that involves redesigning organisms for useful purposes by engineering them to have new abilities – an area of chemistry focused on designing products and processes that minimise or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances – a renewable energy source, made from organic matter or wastes, that can play a valuable role in reducing carbon dioxide emissions ’? Alan and his team work with strains of Saccharomyces and Propionibacteria. Saccharomyces is a yeast that feeds on sugars and can be found on fruit, such as on the skin of grapes. Interestingly, this yeast has been domesticated to make the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae, commonly known as brewers’ or bakers’ yeast. Propionibacterium are present in a wide variety of environments. Alan and his team are most interested in are those found in dairy products such as cheese. Ultimately, Alan and his team are interested in finding a means of overcoming our reliance on fossil fuels and are therefore investigating microbes as an alternative. “In our projects, Saccharomyces is used for the production of ethanol, whether that be for wine or for biofuels,” explains Alan. “Propionibacterium makes propionic acid, which can be used to keep yeast fermentations free from bacterial contamination. ” ’? The most obvious challenge is the production of ethanol by yeast. The hand gels we use in hospitals all contain ethanol, which helps to kill microbes – the ethanol breaks down the thin membrane around cells and kills them. This is something that Alan and his team are battling with. “When the yeast produces the ethanol, it is killed at an alcohol content of 15%-16%, which explains why wine doesn’t ferment to a higher concentration,” explains Alan.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Although the authors have utilized multiple approaches to test their hypothesis, there remain areas where the methods section should also provide detailed information. Please refer to the following comments for more details. 1. Describe in detail the process for collecting skin, which part of the skin tissue was collected? Authors' response: As per the suggestion of the reviewer, we have elaborated on the procedure of skin tissue collection within the '' section in our methods. 2. Is the selection of light intensity reasonable in the experiment? Multiple studies have shown that bright light can affect the circadian rhythm of activity, metabolism and clock gene expression (Bano-Otalora et al. , 20211; Alves-Simoes et al. , 20162; Fan et al. , 20223). Meanwhile, the light intensity also affects the impact of chronic jet-lag. Authors' response: Our study maintained similar light intensities across control and shift simulation groups to focus on shift impacts, thereby reducing potential variation from light intensity differences. However, recognizing the significance of light intensity on chronic jet-lag, we will consider incorporating this factor into future experimental designs, perhaps by comparing the effects of different light intensities on chronic jet-lag. 3. More information should be provided on Circadian rhythm analysis, especially the setting of parameters. Authors' response: In response to the reviewer’s suggestion, we have clarified our use of the standard parameters of the Circapackage (as per Parsons et al. , Bioinformatics, 2020, PMID: 31588519). This approach includes a fixed period of 24 hours. 4. Why use two housekeeping genes in the same tissue for clock gene relative quantification? Authors' response: Vandesompele et al. (Genome Biol. 2002, PMID: 12184808) showed that normalizing with the geometric mean of carefully chosen control genes improves qPCR accuracy. Using a single universal control gene is less effective due to variations across different cells or tissues. Moreover, fluctuations within standard housekeeping genes depending on the time of day have been recognized in studies (Kosir et al. , BMC Mol Biol. 2010; PMID: 20712867). Thus, the utilization of more than one housekeeping gene minimizes this variability. 5. The author should discuss why Cry genes are preferentially altered under three light conditions.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Smart cities often implement IoT devices to monitor energy and water usage. [SEP] Text: This study uses CEP rules in addition to water management rules to recognize unwanted conditions, such as fast reductions in the water level [28]. 4. 3 : The smart city idea is linked to several methods aimed at addressing the most critical city issues with the help of computer science. There are many buildings in a Smart city. The amount of water used in each home depends upon the needs of the residents. Water use varies according to the season. During the summer, there is a higher need for water. Water is utilized less in the winter and during the rainy season [29]. of Things is now being used in a variety of monitoring activities. In addition, IoT is used in agricultural contexts. Water quality is essential in agricultural processes and has a major impact on agricultural ecosystem production and efficiency. IoT solutions for water quality improvement allow for the storage and comparison of water quality data to assist agricultural plant management [30]. Figure 3 depicts a flow diagram for the proposed system. 5. Model ImplementationA good water supply and quality are the objectives of this module. A subsystem with pumps and tanks is modeled in the scenario. To govern the real system, the system uses the following rules. Water supply plans are optimized using optimization algorithms, knowledge reasoning, and other technologies based on real-time water level information [31]. At the start of the process, all pumps are turned off. After a certain interval, it checks the tank level. The first action is to check the tank level in which the system will switch on or off all pumps based on the results of this activity. It is an infinite loop that will only come to an end if anything outside of the model is done. We saw a considerable influence on the complexity of the imperative process during the modeling phase when any of the following simplifications are not applied. Even the same rules in the descriptive process do not affect the complexity of the process. Figure 4 depicts the framework for the suggested technique. A smart city will be able to control its water supply using sensors controlled by the Corporation. A water dispatching strategy will be impacted by the source water in addition to quantity and quality. IoT devices in smart cities can detect problems with the pipeline, such as leaking, overflowing, or the supply of water, and send a message to the user's phone [32]. IoT devices are used to check for leaks in pipelines. Water flow for the drinking water and sour water tanks is also controlled by an IoT gadget.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Energy storage alone can completely replace fossil fuels. [SEP] Text: “We would like to have yeast that is able to tolerate higher concentrations, both for the production of biofuels in a more cost-effective manner and also to add into fermentations, such as the secondary fermentation that champagne undergoes in the bottle. ” ’? Yes! The team has been working on a variety of different stresses that affect the cell membrane and they now understand the effects that ethanol and butanol, another type of alcohol, have on membranes at the molecular level. This allows the team to design strains that have the potential to be more resistant – these will be tested later this year, which could lead to some exciting results in the near future. ? The short answer is soon and everywhere! points out, for decades, microbes were used to produce compounds such as butanol before fossil fuels took over. In many ways, the work of biochemists is to get back to where we once were, but the only way of doing that is to match the effectiveness and efficiency of fossil fuels. “One consideration is cost but reducing toxicity should help with this and as people become increasingly environmentally conscious this should help drive government policy,” explains Alan. “There is a lot of amazing work going on to get microbes to make chemicals they wouldn’t normally make, and this broadens their uses significantly. ” in BiochemistryProteins and Lipids (AMPL): : Alan’s work is focused on investigating Saccharomyces and Propionibacteria with a view to improving the tolerance of microbes. The team hopes to improve efficiency and product yield of engineered cell-based factories. : UK Research and 2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions is about understanding the chemical processes that occur within all living things. While this obviously concerns humans, plants and animals, it is also focused on viruses and bacteria, or even the chemistry of digestion and bodily fluids. The term biochemistry was coined in 1903 by a German scientist named Carl Neuberg. He is frequently referred to as the ‘father of modern biochemistry’ and pioneered research on fermentation. Much of his most important work is centred on examining and clarifying the metabolic complexities associated with a fermentation enzyme, known as zymase. Since then, there have been great leaps in the field of biochemistry.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: The study consisted of self administered questionnaires completed by participants to provide information on the following items: (i) age, (ii) smoking habits, (iii) medical history for co-morbid illnesses (anemia, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease and Parkinson's disease), (iv) consumption history of the drugs which are known to aggravate or induce RLS (antidepressants, sedating antihistamines, dopamine receptor antagonists including anti-emetic and antipsychotic medications), (v) working history, including the number of years employed as a worker in this factory and work schedule. To assess the existence of RLS we used the four minimal clinical criteria, provided in the Background section, as a screening tool in this paper. All the participants who fulfilled the criteria were also asked to fill in a form that included questions for assessing the existence of PLMs, history of RLS in their first degree relatives, sleep disturbance of their bed partners due to RLS and the rating scale [16]. Severity of RLS can be classified as mild (≤10 in rating scale), moderate (11-20), severe (21-30) and very severe (31-40). Data analysis For statistical analysis, we used SPSS 11. 5 for Windows. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the study population. Differences between mean values of continuous variables (age and years of service) were tested using t tests, while proportions for dichotomous variables were calculated with chi-square and Fisher exact tests. Association of RLS with working schedule was examined by binary logistic regression. Odds ratios with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated after adjustment for Age and drug consumption. A P-value of less than 0. 05 was considered to be significant. participants did not completely fill in the questionnaire, and their data were not included in the analyses. The analysed dataset included 260 workers assigned to group A, 258 shift workers assigned to group B, and 250 shift workers assigned to group C. Overall prevalence of RLS among the workers was 12. 8% (n = 98). Among workers classified as having RLS, 69 (70. 4%) reported having PLMs, and 19 (19. 4%) had family history of RLS in their first degree relative. In addition to health problems associated with RLS, existence of RLS also affected the quality of life of the individual's bed partner.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Smart cities often implement IoT devices to monitor energy and water usage. [SEP] Text: Inputs: Requesting party identification (ID) Requesting party authentication credentials (creds) Resource ID (res_ID) Requested action (action) Outputs: Access granted or denied (grant) Steps: Verify that the requesting party has valid identification using the following formula: If ID = valid, then proceed to step 2 Else, grant = denied and end Authenticate the requesting party using the following formula: If creds = valid, then proceed to step 3 Else, grant = denied and end Determine if the requesting party is authorized to access the requested resource using the following formula: If action is authorized for res_ID, then grant = granted and end Else, grant = denied and end Encrypt the access decision using the following formula: Encrypt(grant, requesting party public key) Log the access request and decision using the following formula: Log(requesting party ID, res_ID, action, grant) End. 6. Results and DiscussionsTo evaluate the department of water supply and sanitation's utility, we carried out a study to ascertain how many water supplies were supplied by that organization. The established framework is scalable to many houses, and the IoT structure remains unchanged. The tank size changes depending on the household's needs, and this is addressed in the software part. Assigning the tank's radius is a one-time task that must be completed when the system is installed. An id supplied during the installation is used to identify each specific residence. Water use was found to exceed our threshold throughout the night, but there was no consistency. Such fluctuation is to be anticipated because humans use water on purpose at times, although the volume is usually relatively modest, and huge volumes are similarly unpredictable over time. Even though large volumes of usage are seen, it is still classified as human use owing to inconsistency. This projection can assist the water supply authority in forecasting future water resource requirements and planning appropriately. Consumers may use the information to forecast and track their water consumption. Leakage monitoring was also done in combination with the usage. In the test areas, the above technique for detecting leaks was applied. The threshold is determined only based on speculation, and it may be computed by analyzing various leakages once data from many homes have been generated. Figure 5 illustrates the pH and conductivity of the water sample received at different temperatures. A highly interoperable smart water metering solution was described by Alvisi et al. [35].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Every household will soon have the capability to fully store its own energy. [SEP] Text: On the contrary, ethologists, starting with (1903–1989), have challenged this claim: the great researcher Irenäus Eibl-Eibesfeldt (1928–2018), by studying similar behaviour in populations of very different cultures, has been able to describe in detail a large number of innate human patterns (Eibl-Eibesfeldt 1989). The reason for such skills lies in the history of the species: phylogeny, in addition to providing morphological solutions that are strikingly suited to a species’ adaptive challenges, is a process of information build-up through standardised patterns of expression. These patterns provide the subject with “operational tools” already designed to deal with the most common survival problems. It is clear that the organisation process of such displays takes much longer than an individual’s ability to learn, but for this very reason these skills appear extremely refined. Innate knowledge gives individuals an initial advantage in facing the challenges of life, and this will then be followed by the experiential processes that they will develop through the particular circumstances with which they will be confronted. This knowledge is a fundamental asset for all living things: it results from natural selection, the mechanism highlighted by (1809–1882) that represents the cardinal explanatory principle in biology. If we consider each character as the result of a slow refinement process, lasting millions of years and carried out over many generations—going beyond the species dimension—then we can understand the origin of such skills. We fall into error, however, when we attribute relevance and performative effectiveness to the occasional and specific response of the individual’s ingenuity. The reason for this distortion is easily explained: we are accustomed to believing that intelligence is manifested in performance responsiveness and success, and that every solution results from individual work. There is no doubt, moreover, that the performative collection of the animal world is a veritable of Records: think of the surgical meticulousness of actions, the inflexible sequence of flow charts, the precision with which time frames are respected, the convergence of organs, functions and practises. It is no surprise that we should feel wonder and tend to attribute these masterpieces either to an omniscient deity or to the skills of the individual. theory is counterintuitive in many respects, because man struggles to understand the idea of a knowledge built up over millions of years through competition in the reproductive process (Dawkins 1986).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: In our study 60 out of 98 (61. 2%) patients reported sleep disturbance of their bed partners. According to the severity scale, 62 out of 98 (63. 3%) subjects indicated a severe or very severe RLS (rating scales greater than or equal to 21). The percentages of current cigarette smokers, chronic disorders, and drug consumption were higher in RLS patients compared with subjects who did not have RLS, but the differences were not statistically significant for cigarette smoking and chronic disorders. Comparisons of demographic and clinical characteristics of RLS patients and control group (non-RLS workers) are shown in Table 1. Workers in neither group reported having Parkinson's disease. Table 1 Comparison of some variables between Syndrome (RLS) patients and control subjects VariableRLS (n = 98)Control (n = 670)PTotal (n = 768)Age (year) Mean (SD)35. 2 (5. 9)32. 7 (5. 8)<0. 00133 (5. 9) Range24-5020-5820-58Work experience (year) Mean (SD)11. 8 (5. 3)8. 9 (4. 7)<0. 0019. 3 (4. 9) Range2-250. 5-270. 5-27Current smokers, n (%)19 (19. 4)87 (12. 9)0. 115106 (13. 8)Chronic disorders, n (%) Anemia6 (6. 1)24 (3. 6)0. 25830 (3. 9) Diabetes mellitus4 (4. 1)18 (2. 7)0. 5122 (2. 9) Chronic kidney disease1 (1)2 (0. 3)0. 3363 (0. 4) Total11 (11. 2)44 (6. 6)0. 09755 (7. 2)Drug consumption, n (%) Antihistamines16 (16. 3)29 (4. 32)<0. 00145 (5. 85) Antidepressants6 (6. 1)23 (3. 43)0. 24829 (3. 77) Dopamine antagonist2 (2)15 (2. 23)1. 017 (2. 21) Total24 (24. 4)67 (10)<0. 00191 (11. 8) The prevalence of RLS was 8.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Smart cities often implement IoT devices to monitor energy and water usage. [SEP] Text: The results show that middleware is successful in decreasing waste in the water distribution network. Security problems were not thoroughly considered in the 7. ConclusionsIn this 2021. (2022) G-DaM: A Storage with for Management of Data. Sensors 2022, Vol 22, Page 8725 22:8725. (2021) Data-driven peer-to-peer blockchain framework for water consumption management. Peer-to-Appl 14:2887–2900. (2019) Blockchain and based for Reuse. 2019 10th 2019. (2020) Management using Blockchain Technology: Architecture, Requirements, and Future Directions. 3:38–43. (2019) A Blockchain-based System for the of Irrigation Communities. 2019 2019. (2022) Towards a smart water city: A comprehensive review of applications, data requirements, and communication technologies for integrated management. Soc 76:103442. (2021) Water wise – a digital water solution for smart cities and water management entities. Sci 181:897–904. (2020) Analysis for. 5:377–388. (2020) Scheme of in with Deep Bi-S-SRU Learning Network. IEEE Access 8:24784–24798. (2018) Real-time water quality monitoring using Internet of Things in SCADA. Assess 2018 1909 190:1–16. Adu- (2017) Water quality monitoring using wireless sensor networks: Current trends and future research directions. 13:. Anand S, (2018) Remote monitoring of water level in industrial storage tanks using NB-IoT. Proc - 2018 2018 2018-January:1–4. (2019) IoT Based Real-time System. Sci 155:161–168. (2020) Making urban water smart: the SMART-WATER solution. Technol 82:2691–2710. (2020) Forecasting of water level in multiple temperate lakes using machine learning models. J Hydrol 585:124819. (2020) Quantifying the computational efficiency of compressive sensing in smart water network infrastructures. Sensors (Switzerland) 20:1–24. (2019) Smart urban water systems: what could possibly go wrong? Lett 14:081001. (2017) Demo Abstract: SmartH2O, demonstrating the impact of gamification technologies for saving water.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The human microbiome plays a role in immune system regulation. [SEP] Text: This fact contrasts with the communities of the large intestine, which are better adapted to the cleavage of complex carbohydrates (Turnbaugh et al. , 2010). Streptococci are enriched with energy-generating genes and are believed to make a considerable contribution to the primary digestion of food components in the small intestine; fermentation products support the growth of other fermenters, e. g. , Veillonella, Clostridium. Indeed, the coexistence of Streptococcus and Veillonella takes place not only in the intestines but also in the stomach, esophagus, throat, and mouth cavity and is probably related to their metabolic interaction and lactic-acid production and utilization (Kastl et al. , 2020). Components of the microbiota are also involved in protein and lipid catabolism and the synthesis of vitamins, bacteriocins, amino acids, neurotransmitters, peptides, and regulatory RNA. The results of this activity are as follows: the supply of energy to the human body, “building blocks,” and a change in the gene-transcription activity of a macroorganism. In the meantime, the excessive intake and storage of nutrients (e. g. , fats) is due to low microbial diversity and changes in the relative abundance of the major bacterial phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Though these data confirm the microbial regulation of local metabolic function, they also demonstrate that the gut microbiota can affect distal metabolic activity in skeletal muscle tissues. The study was performed with mice born and grown under sterile conditions without the microbiome and with conventionally raised animals. As a result of the introduction of a microbiota into amicrobic mice, there was a 60% increase in body fat with a reciprocal decrease in insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. Since skeletal muscles are an integral component of glucose utilization, these data show that the metabolic function of muscles is regulated by microbes. In support of this view, bacterial colonization of mice reduces the metabolic efficiency of skeletal muscles, as is demonstrated by the increase in the amounts of intermediates of the tricarboxylic-acid cycle without a noticeable increase in the reserves of high-energy phosphate. The activity of skeletal muscle proteins and gene expression were also compared.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: and the participants in the and Epidemiology workshop at the of Health in collaboration with members of the (2003). Restless legs syndrome: Diagnostic criteria, special considerations, and epidemiology: A report from the restless legs syndrome diagnosis and epidemiology workshop at the of Med 4: 101–119, [PubMed] DOI: Walters, AS (1995). Toward a better definition of the restless legs syndrome. 10: 634–642, [PubMed] DOI: and Ferini-Strambi, L (2005). Restless legs syndrome prevalence and impact: REST general population study Med 165: 1286–1292, [PubMed] DOI: Zucconi, M and Ferini-Strambi, L (2004). Epidemiology and clinical findings of restless legs syndrome 5: 293–299, [PubMed] DOI: Vijver, DA Van De; Walley, T; Petri, H. (2004). Epidemiology of restless legs syndrome as diagnosed in UK primary care 5: 435–440, [PubMed] DOI: and Costa, G (1995). The standard shiftwork index, a battery of questionnaires for assessing shift work related problems 9: 4–30, DOI: Caruso, C and Rosa, RR (2007). Rom WN ed. . 4 Philadelphia: & Wilkins, 1362. and Aminian, O (2005). Shift work as an oxidative stressor J 3: 15. [PubMed] DOI: Knutsson, A (2003). Health disorders of shift workers (Lond) 53: 103–108, [PubMed] DOI: and Gillespie, BW (2004). Relationship of work schedules to gastrointestinal diagnosis, symptoms, and medication use in auto factory workers 46: 586–98, DOI: Boggild, H and Knutsson, A (1999). Shift work, risk factors and cardiovascular disease Health 25: 85–99. [PubMed] and Montplaisir, J (2004). Circadian rhythm of restless legs syndrome: relationship with biological markers 55: 372–380, [PubMed] DOI: (2003). Validation of the for restless legs syndrome 4: 121–132, [PubMed] DOI: Monk, TH (2000). What can the chronobiologist do to help the shift worker?

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Smart cities often implement IoT devices to monitor energy and water usage. [SEP] Text: - 2017 331 33:275–276. (2021) IoT based smart water quality monitoring system. Proc 2:181–186. Rathna R, V. , L, et al (2021) for Management using Internet of Things. 2021 8th a 2021 291–297. (2020) Pressure prediction and abnormal working conditions detection of water supply network based on LSTM. 20:963–974. (2019) Work-in-Progress: SMART-WATER, a Νovel Τelemetry and for the Management of in Thessaloniki. 1192 AISC:962–970. Wade MJ, Steyer J-P, Garcia MVR (2020) Making water smart. Technol 82:v–vii. Antunes A, Andrade-Campos A, Sardinha-Lourenço A, Oliveira MS (2018) Short-term water demand forecasting using machine learning techniques. J Hydroinformatics 20:1343–1366. Therrien J-D, Nicolaï N, Vanrolleghem PA (2020) A critical review of the data pipeline: how wastewater system operation flows from data to intelligence. Technol 82:2613–2634. (2018) An open software package for data reconciliation and gap filling in preparation of Water and Facility Modeling. Softw 107:186–198. (2020) A comprehensive review of deep learning applications in hydrology and water resources. Technol 82:2635–2670. Jeong J, (2019) Comparative applications of data-driven models representing water table fluctuations. J Hydrol 572:261–273. (2021) Efficient integration of IoT-based micro storages to improve urban drainage performance through advanced control strategies. Technol 83:2678–2690. (2021) Technologies using Blockchain. Proc 13th 2021. Pasika S, Gandla ST (2020) Smart water quality monitoring system with cost-effective using IoT. Heliyon 6:e04096. Asgari M, (2022) Application of Platforms in Systems—A Literature Review. 4:49. A Framework of in Management. Sci 10:753. (2019) Solutions for Metering. Sensors 2019, Vol 19, Page 1853 19:1853. (2019) Analysis and Prediction of in IoT Environment.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Certain diets can positively influence the diversity of gut microbiota. [SEP] Text: -19 PreprintsProtocolsVideosJournalsTools & a 10. 21203/rs. 3. rs-1625886/v1This work is licensed under a CC BY 4. 0 LicenseStatus:PostedVersion 1posted You are reading this latest preprint versionAbstractBackground: is the only member of genus Tamias, which is a very important and vigorous seed distributors, and also a vital food for their predators. No information is known about the strict diet, Gut microbiota structure and metabolism profile of chipmunk and how it divers seasonally. Analysis of above mentioned factors, and flexibility toward seasonal shift is crucial to define its growth rates, health, survivorship, and population stability. Results: In this study, we explored the diet, gut microbiota composition, and chipmunk metabolism. Additionally, the influence of different seasons was also investigated by using next-generation sequencing. Results revealed that seasons had a strong effect on a diet : as streptophyte accounted for 37% in spring, which was lowest in summer (34. 3%) and autumn (31. 4%). Further, Ascomycota was observed 43. 8% in spring which reduced to 36. 6% in summer and lowest (31. 3%) in autumn. Whereas, Nematoda showd maximum abundance from spring (15. 8%) to summer (20. 6%) and autumn (24. 1%). These results are signifying the insectivorous nature of the chipmunk in summer and autumn. While herbivorous and fungivorous nature in spring. The DNA analysis revealed that chipmunk mainly feeds on fungi, including Aspergillus and Penicillium genus. Like diet composition, microbiome also exhibited highly significant dissimilarity (p<0. 001, R=0. 235) between spring/autumn and spring/summer seasons. Proteobacteria (35. 45%), Firmicutes (26. 7%) and Bacteroidetes (23. 59%) were shown to be the better discriminators as they contributed most to cause differences between seasons. was exposed that the assimilation of nutritions were also variated seasonally. The abundance of carbohydrate, lipid, nucleotide, xenobiotics, energy, terpenoids and polyketides metabolism were highest in spring than other seasons.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: J 15: 86–94, [PubMed] DOI: and Lewy, AJ (1992). Melatonin rhythms in night shift workers Sleep 15: 434–41. [PubMed] and Koh, KK (2001). Restless legs syndrome in an Asian population: a study in Disord 16: 577–579, [PubMed] DOI: and Shin, C (2005). Prevalence of restless legs syndrome and associated factors in the Korean adult population: the Neurosci 59: 350–353, [PubMed] DOI: and Montplaisir, J (1997). Cigarette smoking as a risk factor or an exacerbating factor for restless legs syndrome and sleep bruxism Sleep 20: 290–293. [PubMed] and Poewe, W (2005). Restless legs syndrome: a community-based study of prevalence, severity, and risk factors Neurology 64: 1920–1924, [PubMed] DOI: and Zintzaras, E (2007). Low RLS prevalence and awareness in central Greece: an epidemiological survey Neurol 14: 1275–1280, [PubMed] DOI: Gamaldo, MD and Earley, CJ (2006). Syndrome: 130: 1596–1604, [PubMed] DOI: and Violanti, JM (2007). Shift work and sleep: the health study, of & Management 30: 215–227, DOI: Ohayon, MM and Roth, T (2002). Prevalence of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder in the general population J 53: 547–554, [PubMed] DOI: Allen, R (2004). Dopamine and iron in the pathophysiology of restless legs syndrome (RLS) 5: 385–391, [PubMed] DOI: and Volc, D (2006). Ropinirole is effective in the long-term management of restless legs syndrome: a randomized controlled trial 21: 1627–35, [PubMed] DOI: änsberger, W and Trenkwalder, C (2001). Opioid and dopamine antagonist drug challenges in untreated restless legs syndrome patients 2: 57–61, [PubMed] DOI: and Kripke, DF (2009).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Smart lighting systems in cities can save energy by adjusting based on usage and time of day. [SEP] Text: Figure 4: Illuminating of lighting system in human and veheicles’ motion range. As seen in Figure 4, any sensor determines pedestrian or vehicle motion range by measuring speed and controls lighting of any identified range. The product options make lights’ lighting reduced, namely in rural roads (roads outside city) and at particular times, up to 30%, or in mostly empty areas such as parking lots up to 70%. These are surprising. Cities, states, and in general, counties can save up to 50% of lights’ repairing and maintain costs and up to 80% in energy usage for street lighting, as needed. 40% of state’s energy costs in Europe dedicated to street lighting; thus, using these lights and cost reduction can have incredible effects. Figure 5: System structure and function. Figure 5 illustrates how this system operates, the information transfers to the central communication system, which is globally controllable. Then, the obtained data estimated and turning on order issued for the assigned lights through wireless system. It also recommends some energy saving points so that energy consumption reduced to 20%. The system manufacturer engineers largely maneuvered on the product dynamic so that it stated that it could be implemented on all streets and lights whether traditional or modern. The sensors can add to the old, existed lights in roads and or LED lamps. Now, it is applied in Holland an Ireland; it is also developing in Germany, Canada, and USA ( [4]. One of the key elements of is a management system and street lighting control system. It allows intelligent management of individual lamps, can reduce energy consumption by dimming lighting in hours with little traffic, and areas of lesser importance. The use of this type of technology, reduce management and maintenance costs and reduces the cost of electricity consumption by up to 40%. Intelligent lighting network can provide the basis for intelligent power distribution in urban areas. Typically, an intelligent lighting management system is the extension of the existing conventional lighting system. Implementation involves installing controllers in each lamp. Controller communicate with the control server via the existing power grid using protocol and technology, PLC (Communication). Control server securely communicates through a network to the central management and control system. The transmission technology which is used based on 3G, Wi-Fi and Wi-MAX. Figure 6: Traditional street lighting (Elvidge & M. L. Imhoff, 2001). Central management system allows full control of all lamps covered by surveillance.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Certain diets can positively influence the diversity of gut microbiota. [SEP] Text: 45%), Firmicutes (26. 7%) and Bacteroidetes (23. 59%) were shown to be better discriminators as they contributed most to differences between seasons, it indicates that the gut microbiome undergoes dramatic seasonal fluctuations. When we compared three seasons, significant (distance, p<0. 05, p=0. 015, R=0. 0730, Permutation N: 9999) dissimilarity was observed between autumn and spring season at the phylum level. Like diet composition, microbiome showed highly significant dissimilarity (p<0. 001, R=0. 235) between spring/autumn and spring/summer seasons at the genus level. Gut microbiome showed no statistical difference (distance, p>0. 05, p=0. 59, Permutation N: 9999) between summer and autumn season. Predicted gut microflora function using is unclear that seasonal variation in the gut microbiome affects host metabolism. To understand the specific effects of the gut microbiome on host metabolism, was performed to predict the chipmunk gut microbiome functions, which showed that chipmunk in different seasons exhibited some differences in metabolism abundance at level 2, including carbohydrate, protein, amino acid, Xenobiotics, energy, Cofactors and Vitamins, Glycan, Lipid, Terpenoids, and Polyketides metabolism. A was used to visualize the distribution of the data and its probability density (Fig. 5). The abundance of carbohydrate, Lipid, Nucleotide, Xenobiotics, energy, Terpenoids and Polyketides metabolism were higher in spring than in summer and autumn. Moreover, spring and summer showed significant differences (< 0. 001, p= 0. 005, Euclidian R= 0. 20), whereas a highly significant difference was observed between spring and autumn (p=0. 0005) and insignificant Euclidian difference (p=0. 29) was investigated while comparing summer with autumn. analyses among three seasons observed average Bray-Curtis dissimilarity was 3. 627% as shown in Additional file 4. This analysis assisted us in figuring out the relationship between seasonal metabolic capacities. DiscussionIn this study, we assessed the first precise dietary habit of small, striped rodent called siberian chipmunk, belongs to family Sciuridae (8).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Медицина труда и промышленная экология Meditsina truda i promyshlennaya ekologiya eng | рус Войти ISSN 1026-9428 (Print) ISSN 2618-8945 (Online) Войти Логин Пароль Запомнить меня Регистрация нового пользователя Забыли Ваш пароль?

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Smart lighting systems in cities can save energy by adjusting based on usage and time of day. [SEP] Text: Allowing to configure different parameters depending on scenarios e. g. on off, dimming lights in which you want to start saving. It provides information about the current operation of infrastructure, failures and reports of malfunctioning lamps. The graphically illustrates the operation of the system and presents reports on energy consumption. Smart lighting management system can be extended with additional elements for the implementation of advanced features. Such elements may include illumination sensors, motion detectors and sensors reporting environmental data ( [5]. Indeed, as seen in Figure 6, traditionally using of lighting systems not only wastes the capitals and resources, but also it has no diversity, difference, and beauty. This system presents a straightforward, unchangeable appearance depriving the cities of dynamic, diversity, and visual beauty (Figure 6). Applying a digital or radiation imaging system, if possible, better detects the passing object; then, avoids many problems such as wrong detection. The sensors only activate whenever human and vehicles pass preventing wrong lighting (Figure 7). More than a century after the introduction of incandescent lighting and half a century after the introduction of fluorescent lighting, solidstate light sources are revolutionizing an increasing number of applications. Whereas the efficiency of conventional incandescent and fluorescent lights is limited by fundamental factors that cannot be overcome, the efficiency of solid-state sources is limited only by human creativity and imagination. The high efficiency of solidstate sources already provides energy savings and environmental benefits in a number of applications. However, solid-state sources also offer controllability of their spectral power distribution, spatial distribution, color temperature, temporal modulation, and polarization properties. Such ‘‘smart’’ light sources can adjust to specific environments and requirements, a property that could result in tremendous benefits in lighting, automobiles, transportation, communication, imaging, agriculture, and medicine. [6]. Figure 7: (Illmann, Kluge, & Prassler). In addition to the energy savings and positive environmental effects promised by solid-state lighting, solid-state sources in particular, LED-based sources offer what was inconceivable with conventional sources: controllability of their spectral, spatial, temporal, and polarization properties as well as their color temperature. Technologies currently emerging are expected to enable tremendous benefits in lighting, automobiles, transportation, communication, imaging, agriculture, and medicine. [6].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Certain diets can positively influence the diversity of gut microbiota. [SEP] Text: Javascript is disabled in your browser. Please enable Javascript to view PeerJ. Related research -effects of a set amount of regular maternal exercise during pregnancy on gut microbiota are diet-dependent in mice and do not cause significant diversity changes View 10. 7717/peerj. 14459 Published 2022-12-02 Accepted 2022-11-02 Received 2022-08-03 and Obstetrics, microbiota, Microbiome, Exercise, High-fat diet, Pregnant mice Copyright © 2022 Duan et al. is an open access 2022. The effects of a set amount of regular maternal exercise during pregnancy on gut microbiota are diet-dependent in mice and do not cause significant diversity changes. PeerJ 10:e14459 Diet and exercise can affect the gut microbiota (GM); however, the effects of the same amount of exercise on gut microbiota changes in people on a low-fat diet (LFD) and high-fat diet (HFD) during pregnancy are unknown. Do different nutritional conditions respond equally to exercise intervention? This study aimed to investigate the effects of regular maternal exercise during pregnancy on the GM in mice fed different diets during pregnancy. Methods Six-week-old nulliparous female KunMing mice were fed either a HFD or LFD before and during pregnancy. Each group of mice were then randomly divided into two groups upon confirmation of pregnancy: sedentary (HFD or LFD; n = 4 and 5, respectively) and exercised (HFDex or LFDex, n = 5 and 6, respectively). Mice were sacrificed on day 19 of gestation and their colon contents were collected. We then performed 16S rDNA gene sequencing of the V3 and V4 regions of the GM. pregnancy success rate was 60% for LFDex and 100% for HFDex. Both Chao1 and Simpson indices were not significantly different for either LFD vs. LFDex or HFD vs. HFDex. and Eggerthellaceae were markedly decreased after exercise intervention in LFDex vs. LFD, whereas Actinobacteria, Bifidobacteriales, Bifidobacteriaceae, Bifidobacterium, and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum were significantly increased in LFDex vs. LFD.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Медицина труда и промышленная экология Расширенный поиск Архив Главная О журнале Свежий номер Архив Рецензентам Отправить статью Правила для авторов Редакционная коллегия Редакционный совет Рецензирование Этика публикаций Главная > № 4 (2023) > Субботина Полиморфизм генов циркадных ритмов у работников предприятия непрерывного производства со сменным графиком работы Алена Александровна Субботина, Олег В.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Smart lighting systems in cities can save energy by adjusting based on usage and time of day. [SEP] Text: Another potential benefit of smart lighting originates in the ability to rapidly modulate the output power of LED-based light sources, thereby enabling communication features. New modes of communication based on room-light sources would help to reduce the overcrowding of the radio frequency bands. Of course, the visual appearance of such communicative light sources would be indistinguishable from conventional sources. In automotive communication applications, brake lights could communicate an emergency braking maneuver to a following car. Headlights could inform a red traffic light of an approaching car while fully maintaining their normal function as headlights. Smart road signs could flash warnings specifically to drivers that approach a dangerous curve with excessive speed. Room lights could broadcast messages, alarms, and other types of information, without any noticeable change in the illumination quality. Modulation rates in the megahertz range are possible, with the limiting factor being the device resistance and capacitance (RC time) of high-power devices. The large-area junction capacitance means that such devices would be limited by RC time rather than by spontaneous lifetime. [6]. The implemented process must be economic in long-term in addition to its economic justification at the beginning of the project; the spent investments and costs must return in short-term in order to develop country through energy and financial saving. Economical risk factors in long-term include selecting improper and problematic materials. For instance, selecting inappropriate color and light type may cause insects’ attraction, which harms the lights and urban space and or leads to chemical effects and serious damages on colored surfaces Bekrani and Mahdizade Seraj, fall and winter [7]. However, lighting sources with larger thermal effects may be useful against humidity and proliferation of some types of moss or microorganisms, can also lead to harmful moisture deformation, intensified airflow, and excess growing of some plants (www. aftabir. com) [8]. lighting with dimming for scenes: Appropriate lighting and scene control based on specific environment or condition can not only provide better living situation, but also save energy consumption. You can enjoy a pleasant lighting environment by simply pressing a button. Smart lighting with body detection: According to surveys, most lamps in offices without a worker are lighted over 70% of the office hours. The LED drivers of DDL series with built-in PIR detectors can automatically execute continuous illumination adjustment. Thus, secure, comfortable, and energysaving smart lighting control can be achieved.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Certain diets can positively influence the diversity of gut microbiota. [SEP] Text: 7717/peerj. 14459/table-2 Notes: aThe ratio of successfully pregnant mice to all mice identified as entering GD0. group HFDex compared with group HFD. *P < 0. 05 was considered to be statistically significant. LFD low-fat diet LFDex low-fat diet plus exercise HFD high-fat diet HFDex high-fat diet plus exercise GD gestation day Effect of exercise on gut microbiota of mice To analyze the effect of exercise on the GM, we performed 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing on colon content samples collected from mice on GD19. An average of 28,840 optimized reads were generated from all samples. Rarefaction curves generated from the OTUs in Fig. 2 indicated that the sequencing depth was sufficient to detect all OTUs. The averaged number of OTUs were 936, 1804, 1677, 1326 in the and HFDex groups, respectively. We first examined two α-diversity indices across the two groups fed different diets. Neither Chao1 nor Simpson indices were significantly different between mice in the LFD group and those in the LFDex group (P = 0. 971 and 0. 180, respectively), HFD group vs. the HFDex group (P = 0. 798 and 0. 990, respectively), or between the LFDex group and the HFDex group (P = 0. 999 and 0. 329 respectively), as shown in Figs. 3A and 3B. Figure 2: The rarefaction curves of gut samples indicated that the sequencing depth was sufficient. LFD, low-fat diet; LFDex, low-fat diet plus exercise; HFD, high-fat diet; HFDex, high-fat diet plus exercise. Download full-size image DOI: 10. 7717/peerj. 14459/fig-2 Figure 3: Impact of exercise on gut microbiome. Measures of chao1’s diversity index (A) and Simpson’s diversity index (B) showed no difference when LFD vs. LFDex or HFD vs. HFDex. LFD, low-fat diet; LFDex, low-fat diet plus exercise; HFD, high-fat diet; HFDex, high-fat diet plus exercise. Download full-size image DOI: 10. 7717/peerj.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Обследованы 2 группы работников предприятия: группа наблюдения — 40 человек 23–63 лет (30 женщин, 10 мужчин) со сменным графиком работы, группа сравнения — 51 человек 24–62 лет (41 женщина, 10 мужчин) административного аппарата с дневным графиком работы. Типирование полиморфных локусов генов циркадной системы осуществлялось наборами компании «Синтол» (Россия) с использованием метода Real-Time ПЦР на приборе CFX96 с аллельной дискриминацией кривых флюоресценции.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Smart lighting systems in cities can save energy by adjusting based on usage and time of day. [SEP] Text: Major parameters such as illumination and delay time can be varied on demand. There are two setting modes to be used in smart lighting control. As you can see in Figure 8 a) Single mode: the output power of every LED driver in the DDL series is determined by the individual PIR detector Figure 8: Classification of lights. b) Group mode: every LED driver in the DDL series can share the outcome of other PIR detectors and offer the information to other lamps within the same group. Thus, all lamps in a group can be turned on simultaneously. for Systems or Individuals: The LED drivers of DDL series with built-in DALI interface and PIR detectors can create the simplest smart lighting control system to date. Either a lighting network in a building or an individual lamp can be completely controlled by our products. Automatic energysaving with schedule control: By using the scheduling function, on/off or illumination of lamps at specified time can be controlled based on your schedule. Hence, target of energy conservation can be achieved automatically. Both requirements of “limited budget” and “uncompromising efficiency” can be satisfied concurrently. The LED drivers of DDL series can provide more ( ledinside. com/) [9]. 9: Figure 9 shows the power of external smart lights and studies the lights’ differences. to Conclusion 35. Mahaleh AT, Kaveh (2008) An introduction to the basics of lighting design, Tehran: designer. (2001) Night-time lights of the world. of Photogrammetry & 56(2): 81-99. (2005) Solid-Smart. Science 308(5726): 1274-1278. Bekrani M, F (2013) Lighting mechanism of ancient buildings in urban areas; case study: Sheikh Lotfollah. and restoration in Iran 6: 99-110. www. aftabir. com (2003) Electricity and Magnetism. Fullerton, California: Light and Matter, USA. (2001) The first world atlas of the artificial night sky brightness. of the Society 328(3): 689-707. (2001) Vision and Range Information. for Processing Helmholtz’s Ulm, Germany pp. ssss4571. (2007) Lights Out: Crisis, the Global Economy, and Means to You. New Jersey: &. (2005) Smart Light-Ultra High-for Optical Transmission.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Certain diets can positively influence the diversity of gut microbiota. [SEP] Text: In contrast, in HFD-fed mice, exercise intervention resulted in a significant reduction in maternal food intake as compared to the sedentary group, and the total energy and macronutrient intake during pregnancy in the HFDex group were significantly reduced, but the maternal weight gain was not statistically significantly different from that of the HFD group. It is suggested that the exercise intervention during pregnancy led to a decrease in appetite in mice fed an HFD, for reasons that require further investigation. However, exercise during pregnancy in the HFDex group altered the GM structure and there was no significant decrease in body weight gain during pregnancy as compared to the HFD group. An interesting phenomenon observed in this study was the effect of exercise on pregnancy success. The traditional Chinese view is that pregnant women should rest during pregnancy to avoid miscarriage. In this study, when designing the exercise during pregnancy, we were also concerned about the increase in miscarriage and preterm birth rates due to exercise during pregnancy. Previous studies (et al. , 2018; Chung et al. , 2019) have mostly used voluntary exercise by the pregnant mice, and noted that the amount of exercise performed voluntarily by the mice decreased with increasing gestational age. To observe the effect of a set amount of regular exercise during pregnancy on the GM on GD19, mice were subjected to 10 min of swimming exercise per day during pregnancy. Interestingly, we found that the pregnancy success rate of mice fed an HFD and performing 10 min of swimming exercise per day was 100%, whereas mice fed an LFD along with this level of exercise achieved a pregnancy success rate of only 60%, although there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Clearly, mice swimming for 10 min had different tolerances to different diets during pregnancy. Therefore, four female mice in the second batch in the LFDex group were supplemented to investigate the effect of an LFD on the GM during gestation. The results of this study seem to indicate that the choice of exercising may be integrated with the adjustment of dietary composition. Whether pregnant women on LFD are also intolerant to exercise during pregnancy? Should the proportion of fat in the diet probably be appropriately increased for pregnant women who choose to exercise during pregnancy? Specific dietary recommendations for pregnant women warrant further investigation.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Вследствие чего полиморфизм гена MTNR1A (rs34532313) можно использовать в качестве маркера «непереносимости» сменной работы. Ограничения исследования. Существуют количественные ограничения группы наблюдения лиц различного пола. Этика.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: AI is being used to assist in diagnosing diseases through image analysis. [SEP] Text: Health & 8, 2022 Detecting dental diseases with AI dental image analysis Dentists often use panoramic dental radiography, capturing the entire mouth in a single image, to diagnose dental diseases. The manual examination of these complex images is time consuming and laborious. at the Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), together with Donghyun Kim, Jeong, and from InVisionLab, has developed a deep-learning model for AI dental-image analysis which enables the automatic detection of dental diseases from panoramic X-ray images. In addition to dental anomalies, radiographic findings from such images can be used in the diagnosis of systemic diseases. (AI) is employed extensively in dentistry to identify both normal and abnormal structures and diagnose diseases from the numerous medical images collected during a clinical routine. Panoramic dental radiography, which captures the entire mouth in a single image, is often used to diagnose dental diseases and plan subsequent treatment. These images are complex, and their manual examination is time consuming and laborious. In addition to dental anomalies, radiographic findings from such images can be used in the diagnosis of systemic diseases like hypo- and hyperparathyroidism (abnormally low or high levels of parathyroid hormone which affects calcium levels in the blood) and osteoporosis (porous bone). Due to time constraints, dental clinicians may concentrate only on teeth with symptoms, so the ability to filter out healthy images would aid diagnosis and save time. Sangyeon Lee, a PhD candidate from the Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), has collaborated with Donghyun Kim, Jeong, and from InVisionLab, to develop a deep-learning model for panoramic X-ray image analysis that enables the automatic detection of dental diseases. Three major components of panoramic X-ray images. AI dental image analysis The researchers explain how previous studies have employed AI in dentistry and been successful in the detection of targeted oral diseases. Still, they can only target a small number of abnormal signs or diseases. These models use convolutional neural networks to classify images and detect objects. They have not, however, exploited the key benefit of panoramic dental radiography in that it encapsulates the entire mouth in a single image. This includes the upper and lower jaws, individual teeth, and surrounding tissues and structures.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Certain diets can positively influence the diversity of gut microbiota. [SEP] Text: The quantity and quality of library were monitered using Qubit and TapeStation (). Finally, the qualified amplifications were sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. (release 132, and NT-16S databases were used for species alignment and annotating. The raw reads generated in this research were archived in the (SRA) database with accession number PRJNA897818. Bioinformatic analyses into version 2 (QIIME2) (Bolyen et al. , 2019) was employed for data processing. cutadapt trim-paired was called to trim the primer fragments of the sequences and discard the sequences that did not match the primers; then DADA2 was called for quality control, denoising, splicing, and chimera removal by QIIME dada2 denoise-paired. The above steps were performed separately for each library. Then, raw tags were generated with an overlap length greater than 10 bp and a maximum mismatch rate less than 0. 2. FLASH (V1. 2. 7) was used to assign paired-end reads to samples. Sequences underwent analysis algorithm and QIIME (Caporaso et al. , 2010; Edgar et al. , 2011). Tags that demonstrated effectiveness were subsequently filtered and clustered into Units (OTUs) utilizing the Greengenes database, with an identity threshold set at 97%. The taxonomic annotation of each OTU was performed using the Uparse software (Edgar, 2013). Diversity and statistical analysis Alpha diversity indices, compromising of the observed OTUs, Chao1, Simpson, Shannon, Pielou’s evenness index (Pielou-e), Faith’s pd diversity, and Good’s coverage between gut microbial communities, were analyzed using Mothur (v. 1. 21. 1) and a non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test. Rarefaction curves were obtained by plotting the number of sequenced reads (x-axis) by the number of OTUs found in a community. QIIME 2 assessed beta diversity and clustered it using weighted and unweighted UniFrac distance metrics. Similarities between groupings were visualized using principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) with unweighted and weighted UniFrac distances. The diet-induced common and unique OTUs were identified using a Venn diagram.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: При проведении исследования авторы руководствовались этическими принципами проведения медицинских исследований с участием человека в качестве субъекта, изложенными в Хельсинской декларации Всемирной медицинской ассоциации последнего пересмотра. Пациенты подписали добровольное информированное согласие на проведение обследования. Участие авторов:Субботина А. А.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: AI is being used to assist in diagnosing diseases through image analysis. [SEP] Text: Moreover, filtering out healthy images would reduce the number of images requiring manual examination and reduce the burden on dental clinicians. Lee and his collaborators selected 17 fine-grained dental anomalies that can be detected from panoramic dental images. Using modern AI-based computer-vision techniques, they developed a model that can be applied in clinical practices to detect these anomalies. A huge number of high-quality data sets is essential for machine learning, so the research team collected 22,999 panoramic dental images from 30 local dental clinics over a year-long period from July 2020 to July 2021. Each image in the dataset was manually examined and labelled by a dental-radiography expert who noted any significant features or anomalies present in the image. These major dental anomalies can affect both patients’ dental health and their quality of life. Dental anomalies The researchers describe how these major dental anomalies can affect both patients’ dental health and their quality of life. If ignored, they can have severe consequences, particularly if they are connected to systemic diseases. Early detection can prevent serious outcomes and provide markers for other systemic diseases. The 17 anomalies were grouped into four categories based on their clinical features and locations: carious lesions, calcifications, anomalies in the dental regions, and anomalies in the surrounding regions. Examples of labelled carious lesions: a) cervical caries or cervical abrasions, b) dental caries or coronal defects, c) proximal caries, and d) secondary caries. Carious lesions, where there is a visible breakdown or a hole in the tooth surface, are the most common issue observed in dentistry. Their prevention and early diagnosis are crucial as they can cause more serious problems if ignored. The team divided carious lesions into four groups for fine-grained diagnoses to facilitate their early detection, preventing their progression and the deterioration of dental tissues. Calcification describe the build-up of calcium on the enamel and gums. Its presence on panoramic dental radiographs is rare, but detection is vital to prevent any further progression. Anomalies in the dental area include dental disease features and abnormal forms of teeth that can cause symptoms, including bleeding, pain, and halitosis (chronic bad breath). The researchers chose to include six dental anomalies that are critical to dental health.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Certain diets can positively influence the diversity of gut microbiota. [SEP] Text: In a sense, microbial diversity is an important indicator of gut function and is considered a marker of the healthy state of the intestinal microbiome (Lozupone et al. , 2012; Song et al. , 2022). In the present study, the richness was evaluated using the Chao1 and observed OTUs values, and the diversity of microbiota was evaluated using Simpson’s index. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in both the richness and diversity of the gut microbiota in mandarin fish fed the AF diet, as reflected by the significantly lower levels of Chao1, Shannon, and observed OTUs according to the alpha diversity analysis. Similarly, the artificial diet feeding of silkworms (Bombyx mori), an insect with a feeding habit that feeds on natural foods such as mulberry leaves in the wild, resulted in a decrease in gut bacterial diversity and a simplified gut microbial structure (Qin et al. , 2022). The loss of the microbial diversity can have detrimental effects, as it may create an environment that is more susceptible to pathogen invasion due to the missing of beneficial bacteria (Schryver & Vadstein, 2014). In general, the microbiome diversity of diseased individuals, including mammals and aquatic species, tends to be lower than that of healthy individuals (Song et al. , 2022). Therefore, the decrease in richness and diversity in mandarin fish fed the AF diet could likely contribute to a compromised health status compared to those in the NF group, as evidenced by the mild intestinal damage and immune suppression in previous studies (Li et al. , 2023). The loss of microbiota in mandarin fish fed the AF diet can be attributed to several factors. One obvious aspect is that food not only provides organisms with nutrients for energy expenditure, but also serves as a source of colonizing microorganisms. The gut microbiota of fish includes microorganisms from the surrounding environment, including ingested food (Cahill, 1990). Compared to a mixed diet, a pure diet has been shown to reduce the gut microbiota of fish (Bolnick et al. , 2014). It has been documented that natural raw foods tend to contain a large number of resident bacteria and other microorganisms, while thermal processing methods like drying or extrusion can reduce the colonization of microorganisms in artificial diets (Zhang & Li, 2018).

Output: contrast