Input: Claim: CRISPR technology allows for precise editing of genomic sequences. [SEP] Text: Sequence-ready libraries were validated and quantitated on the D1000 ScreenTape (Agilent Technologies, USA) to allow for library normalization and equimolar pooling of all study samples on the Biomek FX (Beckman coulter, USA). Pooled libraries were diluted and loaded at (Thermo Scientific, USA) for template amplification. Sequencing on Ion S5 XL is followed the manufacture instruction (Thermo Scientific, USA). When the sequencing was done, the TSVEngine v1. 2. 0 (One Lambda, USA) was employed to analyze the data. Single antigen antibody testingNeat and serum at 1:2 dilution were treated with DTT and tested for HLA antibodies using the IgG-SAB Assay from (Canoga Park, CA) as previously described44. Antibodies were considered positive if the MFI >1000 for HLA-A, -B, -DR, -DQ and >2000 was used for HLA-C and -DP to correct for the enhanced amount of HLA-C and -DP antigens conjugated to the Luminex beads compared to the lower cell surface expression on lymphocytes. Flow cytometric analysis of HLA protein expressionExpression of HLA-B locus antigens in the edited cell lines containing the HLA-B*38:68Q allele and control cells were determined by flow cytometry using a FITC-conjugated monoclonal anti-IgG Bw4 antibody (One Lambda, USA). Approximately 105 cells were incubated with 0. 5, 1, and 2 μL (10 mg/mL) anti-Bw4 monoclonal antibody on ice for 30 mins. Isotype control cells were incubated with 0. 5 μL of FITC-conjugated mouse IgG secondary antibody (). After staining, cells were washed with 1× PBS buffer (Corning, USA) containing 2% FBS (Omega, USA) and suspended in 300 μL of PBS/2% FBS. TEM665 homozygous HLA-B*38:01:01:01 EBV transformed B cell line was used as the positive control, AOH749 and K562 were used as the negative control cells. Samples were tested in triplicate.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Reducing food waste can lower greenhouse gas emissions from decomposing food. [SEP] Text: An important first step in shrinking FL with positive SDG trade-offs is identifying where action is needed. This 10. 2 of and Waste and To design effective intervention strategies to reduce FL and associated GHG emissions, we need to identify and prioritise ‘hotspot’ regions, products, and supply chain stages. To set the right priorities, we assessed the worldwide hotspots of FLW and FLW-induced GHG emissions (Guo et al. , Reference Guo, Broeze and Groot2020). 1 Our global hotspot analysis shows that in 2018, 29 percent of all food produced was lost or wasted. By volume, perishable fruits and vegetables account for almost half of the total FLW (Figure 10. 1). Other items with high FLW volumes are roots and tubers, oil crops, and rice. In terms of FLW-associated GHG emissions, beef products are a major hotspot, despite not being an FLW hotspot in terms of volume. This reality reflects the high GHG-emission factors related to animal-based products, particularly beef. Figure 10. 1 A global overview of food loss and waste in raw product equivalent, and associated greenhouse gas emissions in 2018 Hotspots differ regionally; for example, in the two regions of Sub-(SSA), and South and Southeast Asia, FL from post-harvest handling and distribution are higher than FW during the consumption stage. This situation reflects the comparably poor post-harvest management and lack of infrastructure and technologies in those regions. Moreover, food is relatively expensive in developing countries compared to people’s incomes, resulting in low consumer-level FW. For SSA, roots and tubers are the largest hotspot for FLW and associated GHG emissions, whereas in South and the hotspots are oil crops and rice. Losses mainly occur during harvesting, storage, and handling due to poor conditions and practices in the upstream chain. For both regions, rice involves high losses and emissions at their upstream chain stages but also has substantial losses and emissions at the distribution and consumer stages. Compared to other staple crops such as maize and wheat, rice produces two to five times more field-related GHG emissions (Poore & Nemecek, and Nemecek2018). Therefore, rice warrants particular attention in the context of the 2030 target to significantly reduce losses in major supply chains where both GHG emissions and losses are high.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Every person benefits equally in a cashless society. [SEP] Text: Unions in banking, merchant industries, and public transportation see cash as a root to problems since several cash-related robberies including the hyped helicopter robbery took place in the mid-2000s, which of course hurt their members—the employees in these industries. The cash-in-transit service companies in combination with elderly instead see cash as necessary and helpful services enabling all consumers to make payments and all merchants to receive payments in a convenient way. Other groups like tech nerds and youngster are simply not interested in cash since electronic payment services and especially mobile payments or even virtual currencies are more convenient and definitely more intriguing. All of them are of course right—from their perspective! We all know how difficult it is to change an old habit, and this is definitely true when it comes to how we make payments. Even if we see a transition from cash payments to electronic payments in Sweden, we also see that some groups have ingrown habits of using cash that perhaps never will change. This is especially true for elderly that have used cash in all their lives and are likely to continue doing it as long as they will make payments. There are in other words also factors that work in the direction of keeping cash. to Cash CampaignFootnote 9 is another force that works to stop the decreased use of cash. Their argument is that some groups in society depend on cash, and it is the obligation of the state—and actors like banks—to supply services that enable depositing and withdrawing cash. The annual reports from Länsstyrelserna give these arguments strong support. There is an increasing share of people—elderly, people with physical and/cognitive disabilities and immigrants—that have problems if cash cannot be used. In a state like Sweden with its tradition of taking care of and supporting weaker citizens, these problems cannot—and should not—be left unattended. Footnote 10It is also important to see the commercial interests underlying the transition from cash to electronic payment services. There are some industries—cash-in-transit service companies like Loomis and Nokas, cash producers like Crane Currency, guard service providers like Securitas and G4S, as well as providers of systems for cash handling like Siemens and —that have a business interest related to the existence of cash.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: CRISPR technology allows for precise editing of genomic sequences. [SEP] Text: Analysis of HLA B locus expression was performed using FlowJo software version 10 (BD, USA). Expression of HLA-B38 in the edited cell lines containing the HLA-B*38:68Q allele was determined using UCLA serum exchange sample that contains anti-B38 antibody but lacks Bw4 activity. Approximately 1. 5 × 105 cells/tube were incubated with 25 μL UCLA serum exchange serum at neat and 1:2 dilution for 30 mins at room temperature. After incubation, cells were washed 4 times with PBS/2% FBS followed by labeling for 20 mins at 4 °C with an anti-human -conjugated antibody (). Negative sera routinely used in the clinical lab were used as controls. Samples were tested in triplicate. Analysis of HLA-B38 expression was performed using FlowJo software version 10 (BD, USA). IFN-γ induced HLA-B*38:68Q cell surface expressionThe HLA-B*38:68Q homozygous cell line and TEM665 HLA-B*38:01:01:01 homozygous EBV transformed B cell line (served as positive control) were pretreated with 500 U/mL of IFN-γ (R&D Systems, USA) for 48 h. The expression of HLA-B expression of the IFN-γ treated and untreated cell lines were determined using monoclonal anti-IgG Bw4 antibody (One Lambda, USA) by flow cytometry. A FITC-conjugated anti-mIgG () was used as an isotype control. Samples were tested in triplicate. Analysis of expression was performed using FlowJo software version 10 (BD, USA). Statistical analysisEach experiment of protein expression was tested in triplicate and the expression level is shown as mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) ± SD. Statistical analysis was performed the Student’s t test or ANOVA on Graph7 (GraphPad, USA). P < 0. 05 was denoted as significant. All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this 10. 1056/NEJM200009073431006 (2000). 10. 1093/nar/gks949 (2013). 10. 1182/blood-2007-06-097386 (2007). 10. 1016/j.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Reducing food waste can lower greenhouse gas emissions from decomposing food. [SEP] Text: Most rice is grown in developing countries with relatively low average yields and high post-harvest losses. The loss of edible grain is considerably lower with mechanisation. Retaining more grain results in overall lower emissions per unit of product, and, generally speaking, the value of these avoided losses covers the economic expense of mechanisation (Castelein et al. , Reference Castelein, Broeze and Kok2021; Gummert et al. , and Nguyen-Van-Hung2020; Nguyen-Van-Hung et al. , Reference Nguyen, Tran and Pyseth2018). Likewise, plant breeding for high-yielding, short-duration, and stress-tolerant varieties is an investment in mitigation, alongside agronomic management interventions, despite not often being construed as such (Ortiz-Monasterio et al. , Reference Ortiz-Monasterio, Wassmann and Govaerts2010). These interventions provide considerable potential to improve food security and farmer livelihoods while reducing rice’s current carbon footprint (Box 10. 1). Box 10. 1 Case Study: in Chains in Sub-Interventions on or near the farm – as a major upstream hotspot in most food chains – can have a major impact on overall FL and GHG emissions. However, including smallholder farmers in efforts to mitigate the climate impact of food supply chains in low- and middle-income countries can be a considerable challenge. Recent research into attainable intervention strategies for smallholder farmers shows the benefit of productivity-enhancing technology for farmers’ incomes as well as a range of other food system outcomes, including environmental sustainability, food availability, and the socio-economic development of rural communities. In a controlled experiment on smallholder rice farms in Nigeria, we measured the impact of mechanising farm activities (Castelein et al. , Reference Castelein, Broeze and Kok2021) (Figure 10. 2). Results showed that switching to mechanised harvesting and threshing reduces harvest paddy losses from 9. 6 percent to 0. 9 percent, and increases threshing efficiency from 31. 1 percent to 33. 1 percent. An FL reduction – here defined as loss of the edible part of the crop – of almost one tonne (920 kg) can be achieved per farmer per harvest.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Every person benefits equally in a cashless society. [SEP] Text: Other industries—automated clearing houses like Bankgirot; banks like Swedbank and Klarna;Footnote 11 Fintech companies like Betalo, Tink, and Payair; card providers like Visa and Mastercard; telecom companies as Apple, Samsung, Telia, and Tre; social media companies like Google and Facebook; e-commerce companies like Alibaba and Amazon, as well as providers of hardware and software solutions for electronic payments—have business interests in replacing cash payments with electronic payments. Merchants—payment receivers—have an interest in low fees and high value for these services as well as not relying too heavily on one specific payment service. Consumers—payers—have basic needs to be able to receive and make payments in as inexpensive, quick, effortless, and fun ways as possible. In addition, governments and central banks have a need for secure, reliable, and efficient payment systems to enable markets to operate as effectively as possible. This variety of interests makes the evolution of the payment system an interesting but complex process. We can also make a somewhat deeper analysis of the business interest of banks in connection to cash. When banks started to sell bank accounts in the 1960s to consumers and were able to convince employers of the benefits from paying wages and salaries into bank accounts instead of via cash, this was as a win-win situation for all that were involved. But the unions had a strong demand—the banks should not be able to issue fees to consumers for accessing their wages and salaries. Access to this money should not have a price tag on it. This led to a situation where Swedish banks could not make a profit on cash-based services as such. They needed to find other ways to gain revenues that could pay for these services, and they did. Annual fees for access to cards and interchange fees to merchants meant that the card payment business could pay the cash handling (and still leave a nice profit! ). This tradition means that banks today have no commercial interest to keep supplying cash handling services—it is just costly and there are no cross-selling opportunities related to cash—and we have seen the effects from this. The share of bank retail offices that provide cash handling services is now below 50% (Länsstyrelserna, 2016). Another factor that is important to take into consideration concerns the nature of payment services.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: CRISPR technology allows for precise editing of genomic sequences. [SEP] Text: bbmt. 2010. 09. 012 (2011). 10. 1111/j. 1399-0039. 2004. 00322. x (2004). 10. 1016/j. humimm. 2015. 02. 001 (2015). 10. 1016/j. humimm. 2006. 04. 010 (2006). 10. 1038/nature10886 (2012). 9. Science 346, 1258096, (2014). 9. Genet 16, 299–311, (2015). 9. Nature 516, 263–266, (2014). 10. 1126/science. 1225829 (2012). 10. 1038/nprot. 2013. 143 (2013). 10. 1016/j. jbiotec. 2015. 04. 024 (2015). 10. 1093/hmg/ddu125 (2014). 10. 1016/j. jbiotec. 2016. 11. 011 (2017). 10. 1007/s13238-014-0032-5 (2014). 10. 1681/ASN. 2016020146 (2016). 10. 1007/978-1-4939-7128-2_1 (2017). 10. 1038/ncomms8451 (2015). 10. 1007/s10529-016-2064-9 (2016). 10. 1097/MOT. 0000000000000103 (2014). 10. 3389/fimmu. 2016. 00469 (2016). 10. 1073/pnas. 0809380105 (2008). 10. 1038/srep45763 (2017). 10. 1038/nbt. 3198 (2015). 10. 1038/nbt. 3190 (2015). 10. 1111/j. 1399-0039. 2006. 00707. x (2006). 10. 1182/blood-2014-09-599969 (2014). 10. 1126/scitranslmed. aaf9336 (2016). 10. 1038/nrclinonc. 2013. 46 (2013). 10. 1038/cr. 2016. 142 (2017). 10. 1038/40758 (1997). 10. 1038/382722a0 (1996). 9. Cell 15, 643–652, (2014). 10.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Reducing food waste can lower greenhouse gas emissions from decomposing food. [SEP] Text: After accounting for equipment costs, there is an associated income boost through yield increases and labour savings of approximately 16 percent, or US$400 (Table 10. 1). Figure 10. 2 From manual to mechanised practices on Nigerian rice farms Table 10. 1. Impact of different intervention scenarios in smallholder rice farming CriteriaBaseline: Manual harvesting threshingScenario 1: Shift baseline to mechanised harvestingScenario 2: Shift baseline to mechanised threshingScenario 3: Mechanised harvesting and threshingLoss reduction and profit increase ha-1 year-1-299 kg US$126180 kg US$75479 kg US$202Loss reduction and profit increase per farmer, olam year -1 (1. 92 ha)-575 kg US$243346 kg US$146921 kg US$389Costs of buying machine-US$2 050 reaperUS$875 thresherUS$2 925Labour hours saved ha-1 year-1-14462206GHG per kg produced paddy rice4. 444. 13. 7Climate impact of mechanisation (emissions avoided in kg CO2eq)Ha-1 year-1-1 0427161 696Mechanisation results in a net reduction of GHGs by 1 696 kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per hectare, even after accounting for emissions from the machinery itself. Scaling this impact to all rice farmers in Nigeria would reduce GHG emissions by 5. 4 megatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent. This case study shows how efficiently mechanisation can lessen environmental impact and FL, while increasing food production and farmer income. 10. 3 Highlights of in SSA: In the smallholder potato value chain in Kenya, we evaluated farm-level interventions and their effect on the yields, losses along the chain, GHG emissions per unit food supplied to consumers, and the business case for farmers (Soethoudt & Castelein, and Castelein2021). Results show that mechanisation, adopting certified or clean seeds, and appropriate fertiliser and crop protection can reduce the yield gap and FL by 71 percent and GHG emissions per unit of marketed food by 51 percent, that is, the net effect of all interventions. Farmer income almost quadrupled.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Every person benefits equally in a cashless society. [SEP] Text: A payment service—like other infrastructure services as telecommunication and electricity—benefits from having many suppliers and many users connected to the same technological platform. A payment service must realize network effects and interoperability (Economides, 1996; Hagiu & Wright, 2015) to become valuable for both payers and payees (i. e. , payment receivers). This depends on the number of users—in each side—in the system. To build a new payment, service becomes a classical chicken-and-the-egg problem where you need both at the same. If there are not many payment receivers, stores, the payers, consumers, will not be attracted to the service and vice versa. The open four-party card payment systems from VISA and Mastercard are good examples of such systems. You can use your card from a—let’s say—Swedish bank when you want to make a payment in Chiang Mai, Thailand, or when you want to buy from an international e-commerce site. I would even argue that the interoperability of card payment systems is their main competitive edge in this transition of payment systems. It is of course not a bad thing to have. VISA and Mastercard show strong profits year by year. Footnote 12 But this is not what I had planned to write in this paragraph. I got sidetracked by the enormous profitability in the payment industry, which of course is one reason why there are so many Fintech companies that want to enter this industry! There are a lot of potential dollars and euros in the payment industry that Fintech companies want to get their hands on. But back to the plan to write that a new payment service that wants to be established must be able to overcome this chicken-and-the-egg problem. They need to attract large number of payers and payment receivers at the same time. Footnote 13 Cash in Sweden is now facing the opposite challenge—to keep as many payment receivers and payers as possible in the system. Fewer merchants accept cash, fewer banks offer cash handling services, and fewer consumers prefer cash, which in the end means reduced interoperability of cash and reduced value of the entire network for cash-based system! The cash-based system in Sweden is in situation with a decreasing interoperability and reduced network effects which has initiated a vicious circle that even may be self-reinforcing (Fig. 6. 2). Fig. 6.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: CRISPR technology allows for precise editing of genomic sequences. [SEP] Text: Skip to Content eLife home page your research Search by keyword or author Reset form my search to Chromosomes and Research 10. 7554/eLife. 41769 Open access Copyright information Version of RecordMay 24, 2019 Open annotations (there are currently 0 annotations on this page). 17,166 views 1,675 downloads 239 1769. Copy to clipboard Download BibTeX Download. RIS Full text Figures and data Peer review Side by side files 12 figures, 5 videos, 1 table and 8 additional files 1 with 3 supplements Download asset Open asset The Sox2 a Model for Visualization of Enhancer-in Stem Cells. (A) To visualize chromosome loci in living cells, we have used tetO/TetR and cuO/CymR genetic labels. Our pipeline for insertion of these labels into the mouse genome is shown. -Cas9 is used to place an attP integrase landing site. Second, a targeting plasmid bearing the compatible attB sequence, the tetO or cuO array, and a selection cassette is introduced along the integrase (Int) to mediate site-specific integration. The selection cassette can then be subsequently removed by Cre/Flp recombinase. (B) The Sox2 locus in mouse ESCs. Genomic browser tracks of epigenomic and expression data demonstrate high levels of histone acetylation, RNA polymerase II, and transcription factor (OCT4, SOX2, ) and cohesin (RAD21) occupancy at Sox2 and the distal Sox2 enhancer (tan boxes). Data from 4C and HiC experiments demonstrate chromosomal contacts at the Sox2 locus. For 4C data, read density indicates contact frequency with a fixed position near the Sox2 promoter (red triangle). Y-axis for browser tracks is reads per million. For HiC, all pairwise contact frequencies are shown using a heatmap. The intensity of each pixel represents the normalized number of contacts detected between a pair of loci. The maximum intensity is indicated in red square. At bottom, locations of the cuO- and tetO-arrays for the three cell lines utilized for this study. Sox2-8CcuO/+; Sox2-117TtetO/+ (Sox2-SCR) ESCs were used to track Sox2/SCR location.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Reducing food waste can lower greenhouse gas emissions from decomposing food. [SEP] Text: Mechanisation in particular significantly increases the yield per hectare and reduces crop damage – resulting in further rejections along the chain – even while inputs per hectare remain the same. for from Vietnam to Europe: ‘Small’ tropical fruit categories like dragon fruit are exported to other continents by air. With increasing volumes, however, alternative modalities with reduced GHG emissions are required, specifically reefer container transport. With the fruit collection system, however, the lengthy transportation phase results in high losses in the transportation and distribution phases. This not only leads to considerable losses but also substantial loss-associated GHG emissions. A third scenario that combines reefer containers for intercontinental transport with quick post-harvest refrigeration was identified as the best solution for FLW and GHG reduction (Table 10. 2) (Axmann et al. , Reference Axmann, Soethoudt and Thuy2021). Table 10. 2. Food loss and waste and greenhouse gas emission results for different scenarios for transporting dragon fruit from Vietnam to Europe ScenarioTotal losses along the chain (%)Total GHG emissions per kilogram of fruit distributed (kg C0”eq kg-1)Traditional collection chain + air transport1526Traditional collection chain + reefer container sea transport4424Cooling in collection chain + reefer container sea transport1315Increasing the of by Lowering the Cooling Temperatures: Through lowering the cooling temperature, the shelf life of cut vegetables is extended, thereby reducing FLW in retail (Broeze et al. , Reference Broeze, Guo and Axmann2019; see also Box 10. 4). This results in less loss-associated GHG emissions but at the cost of additional energy use due to deeper cooling as well as a slightly extended average shelf period. One case study seemingly shows a negative trade-off between FLW reduction and GHG emissions reduction (Table 10. 3). Table 10. 3. Food loss and waste and greenhouse gas emission results for different cooling temperatures for cut vegetables. GHG emissions are quantified as kg CO2eq. per kg vegetable sold in retail. ScenarioTotal losses along the chain (%)Total GHG emissions (kg CO2eq per kg vegetable sold in retail)Reference: Storage at 7°C11. 80. 53Reduced storage temperature: 4°C9. 40. 5510.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Every person benefits equally in a cashless society. [SEP] Text: 2From high to low interoperability for cash payment services. Source: Author’s own illustrationFull size imageI understand the process leading to a reduction of the network value—interoperability of cash—can be comparted to what Gladwell (2006)Footnote 14 defines as a “tipping point. ” This is a point at which a slow gradual decline leads to a situation where more and more payers as well as payees stop using or accepting cash since the network value is too low in relation to the costs of continuing to use or accept cash. The process becomes contagious, and actors start to imitate each other—sometimes without even thinking about it. Tipping point: that magic moment when ideas, trends and social behavior cross a threshold, tip and spread like wildfire (Malcolm GladwellFootnote 15) Looking retrospectively the process toward a possible tipping point for cash in Sweden started after the cash peak in 2007 and has gradually gained force since then. Arguably, the exchange of bills and coins in Sweden in 2015–2017 became the time when this tipping point hit Sweden with its full force. Not that the introduction of new cash drove this process—it just happened to occur at the same time. And the downturn is not over yet. We see that 97% of merchants in Sweden still accept cash, but we also see that about 1/4 of them will stop accepting cash by 2020 and another 1/4 by 2025 (Arvidsson et al. , 2018). The process has seemingly tipped and is now hitting Sweden with its full force. To sum up, it is a complex transformation where laws, politics, business interests, technologies, values, habits, and power games play important roles. We must acknowledge this complexity if we are to understand the process of change even if the complexity at the same time makes it difficult to pinpoint which factors that are the most important ones and in which direction the process will evolve.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: CRISPR technology allows for precise editing of genomic sequences. [SEP] Text: Two control lines, Sox2-43TtetO/+; Sox2-164TcuO/+ (Control-Control) and Sox2-117TtetO/+; Sox2-242TcuO/+ (SCR-Control) were analyzed for comparison. H3K27ac, RNA polymerase II (RNAP), and RNAseq data from GSE47949 (Wamstad et al. , 2012); DNase data from GSE51336 (Vierstra et al. , 2014); SOX2, OCT4, data from GSE11431 (Chen et al. , 2008b), and RAD21 data from GSE90994 (Hansen et al. , 2017); 4C data from GSE72539 (de Wit et al. , 2015); and HiChIP data from GSE96107 (Bonev et al. , 2017). Figure 1—figure supplement 1 Download asset Open asset Characterization of Lines. (A) Schematic of modified cell lines used in this study. Primer sets used to amplify recombination arms for tetO- and cuO- integration are shown. (B,C) PCR genotyping of ESC lines shown in A. Figure 1—figure supplement 2 Download asset Open asset Sox2 for Lines. (A) Ratio of Sox2 expression from the 129 allele and the CastEiJ allele measured by qPCR for modified ESC lines. Sox2-SCR cell line has cuO array inserted 8 kb centromeric to Sox2 TSS and tetO array inserted 5 kb telomeric to SCR. Control-Control cell line has cuO and tetO located 43 kb and 164 kb telomeric to Sox2 TSS. SCR-Control has tetO inserted 5 kb telomeric to SCR and cuO located 242 kb telomeric to Sox2 TSS. Samples labeled with CymR/TetR coexpress CymR-GFP and TetR-tdTom. (B) Sox2 expression relative to control gene (Tbp) for various cell lines. E14 (129/129) mESCs are included to demonstrate specificity of allele-specific qPCR assay. SCR deletion cell line are in the context of cuO and tetO integrations in the Sox2-SCR configuration.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Reducing food waste can lower greenhouse gas emissions from decomposing food. [SEP] Text: 4 A for Loss and Waste and the of The above case studies illustrate that FLW often has positive trade-offs on food supply climate impact. However, the last example demonstrates that negative trade-offs may also occur. The significance of the trade-offs will mainly depend on specific conditions of the case study, that is, the actual crop GHG intensity in the particular situation, specific post-harvest operations, and level of FLW reduction. Such analyses are mainly facilitated by tools that identify hotspots and support analysis of the effects of FLW-reducing interventions on climate. This will aid the decision-making process for both the private sector and policymakers. Such decision-support tools need to comprehensively show emissions across the chain so that decisions can be made with accurate, complete information and contribute to progress towards a food-secure, climate-conscious future. Two such tools – developed by this 10. 2 and 10. 3). Box 10. 2 The Agro-Calculator: Assessing Agro-accounting of food supply chains, losses in production and along the entire post-harvest chain must be addressed comprehensively, in order to assess trade-offs between FL and GHG emissions. For that the Agro-Chain GHG Emissions (ACE) calculator[1] combines emissions and losses per chain stage from production to the consumer to estimate total GHG emissions per unit of sold product, as well as FL and GHG emission hotspots along the chain (Figure 10. 3). Since the calculator is fitted with average crop GHG intensity data and FL estimates per chain stage specified for seven global regions and commodity groups, estimates can be made with limited primary data (Porter et al. , Reference Porter, Reay and Higgins2016). When available, data from direct measurements, expert estimates, or reference literature can make estimates more specific. Technology-specific data can be inserted for comparing different scenarios. Figure 10. 3 Part of the Agro-calculator user-interface for rice case comparison of technology scenarios [1] Box 10. 3 Carbon Footprint-(CF-Rice): Calculator for CF-Rice is a new emissions calculator that accounts for different field management practices, production technologies, and post-harvest practices along the rice value chain to provide a comprehensive product-scaled carbon footprint output.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Virtual learning has no impact on students’ social skills or development. [SEP] Text: × of the Activities on the Development of of the Students: 2021, Volume: 18 Issue: 44, 7464 - 7482, 26. 12. 2021 Bahçuvanoglu is aimed to investigate whether the activities conducted for 2nd are related to the social emotional learning skills of children and whether there are differences in terms of social emotional learning according to their gender, and the relationship between pre-test, post-test and follow-up tests applied to students in this study. The study group of the research includes 17 students studying at Güneş in Sakarya. Research data collected before 25 February 2020. In the research, the 20-item (SELS), which was adapted to Turkish by Akın and Arslan (2013), was used. It was found that the pretest results of the study did not differ in the social emotional learning skills of female and male students. According to the findings obtained after the pretest-posttest analysis, the activity process in which students participated in this subject was found to be beneficial. Considering the mean and total ranges of the difference scores, it was observed that the observed difference was in favor of positive ranks, that is, the post-test score, that is, the social emotional learning skills of children measured before the education increased after the activity period. In addition, it was determined that job description skills, peer relations skills, and self-regulation skills also increased significantly. The second aim of the study is the importance of the concept of social emotional learning in a child's upbringing, what dimensions of SELS skills are used, how to participate in the current training program to acquire sdö skills, how teachers evaluate social skills and emotional management skills and who is the target audience of the sd program. The interview technique, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research. As a researcher, a semi-structured interview form was created by me. The interview forms were finalized with the help of expert opinions. Primary school 1st and 2nd grade teachers were asked appropriate questions. The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed by descriptive analysis method. The results of the research based on the interviews: 1- Learning, in harmony with the Environment and Society and are important for the individual to grow up well 2- Achievements for the from the 5 dimensions of the SELS are targeted.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: CRISPR technology allows for precise editing of genomic sequences. [SEP] Text: Deletion of SCR region leads to loss of expression from the Sox2 allele in cis. Bars show mean of at least three biological replicates. Error bars show the standard error. N. D. is not detected. Figure 1—figure supplement 3 Download asset Open asset Sox2-in Lines. (A) Near-cis plots of 4C analysis using the Sox2 promoter region (red arrowhead) as bait shows elevated contacts with the SCR region (black arrowhead) in all cell lines investigated. Individual black points show fragment-based raw data, while blue points show a running median. The blue line and grey ribbon shows a loess-smoothed trendline for the data with the 20–80% quantile range. (B) Proportion of 4C reads that can be unambiguously assigned to a parental genome for each allele. These data demonstrate roughly half of Sox2-SCR contacts as measured by 4C come from the modified (129) allele and that our genome modifications do not significantly affect Sox2-SCR interactions. Figure 2 with 3 supplements Download asset Open asset Visualization of the Sox2 Region in for Sox2/SCR Interactions. (A) Top, confocal Z slices of CymR-GFP and TetR-tdTom in Sox2-labeling the Sox2 promoter and SCR region with bright puncta, respectively. Middle, 3D surface rendering of the ESC nucleus shown above. A single fluorescence channel was rendered white and transparent to outline the nucleus, and GFP and tdTom surfaces were rendered with high threshold to highlight the cuO and tetO arrays, respectively. Bottom, tracking data is rendered for the nucleus shown above. Inset shows example of calculated 3D separation distance between the two labels. Scale bar is 1 µm. (B) Normalized histogram of 3D separation distance for Sox2-demonstrates a single peak (Hartigan’s for multimodality, p=1). Schematic for an hypothetical looping enhancer-promoter pair is shown as an inset, with two peaks. Tan box indicates regime where distance measurement error is expected to be greater than 50%. (C) Cumulative density of 3D separation distance for Sox2-SCR versus control comparisons. Mean distance for each sample shown on bottom right. (D) Mean 3D separation distance per cell for each label pair.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Reducing food waste can lower greenhouse gas emissions from decomposing food. [SEP] Text: Users can compare different scenarios with data from scientific literature to highlight points along the chain where interventions would deliver the most emission-reduction impact, including those from FLW. Alternatively, users can add data from their own operations to tailor results to specific conditions. Figure 10. 4 shows the product-scaled carbon footprint for four scenarios in rice production: (A) lower yield of four tonnes per hectare with traditional practices, that is, continuous flooding, manual harvesting, sun drying, and farmer storage; (B) higher potential yields of six tonnes per hectare from improved varieties without management changes; (C) improved yields of six tonnes per hectare with conditions the same as scenario B plus improved harvest and post-harvest techniques, that is, continuous flooding, mechanised harvesting and drying, and hermetic storage; and (D) improved yields of six tonnes per hectare with conditions the same as scenario C plus the application of alternate wetting and drying (AWD) during production. Reaching yield potential through improved varieties has a mitigation benefit of 31 percent, switching from scenario A to B. Although there is significant FL reduction from switching from scenario B to C, the emissions mitigation is negligible at under 2 percent. This is mainly a result of lessening emissions by saving food, while balancing increased emissions from mechanisation. In scenario D, the application of AWD, with improved varieties and better harvesting and post-harvesting techniques, has the most mitigation impact at 50 percent. Figure 10. 4 Example output of CF-Rice, comparing the carbon footprint of four rice production scenarios 10. 5 rice case study raises the question of why farmers in SSA still primarily produce with manual labour and inferior inputs when the positive business case for other practices is clearly in place, with a relatively short time to impact (Daum & Birner, and Birner2020). The case study findings highlight that the upfront costs are prohibitive to farmers, indicating that technology alone is not a sufficient solution; we must consider the food-system context in which the farmers operate, and how the availability and accessibility issues regarding inputs and equipment can be addressed. The evidence of lagging mechanisation in SSA highlights that incentives, financing, business models, capabilities, and chain arrangements are important factors in accessing and successfully implementing technology.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Virtual learning has no impact on students’ social skills or development. [SEP] Text: 3- It is stated that there is a need to include activities and increase the gains that are associated with Sdö to participate in the current training program. 5- The target audience of SELS is considered to be all students. 34. Aygün, H. E. (2017). Sosyal-duygusal öğrenme programlarinin sosyal-duygusal öğrenme becerilerinin gelişimine, akademik başari ve sinif iklimi algisina etkisi. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. Çanakkale Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Çanakkale. Akcaalan, M. (2016). Yaşam Boyu öğrenme ile sosyal duygusal öğrenme arasındaki ilişkilerin çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Sakarya Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Sakarya. Baron, D. M. (2013). Social and emotional learning: An argument for religious Pluralism. Loyola University, Chicago. Baydan, Y. (2010). Sosyal-Algisi Ölçeği’nin geliştirilmesi ve sosyal-duygusal beceri programinin etkililiği. Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Enstitü, Ankara. Buchanan, R. , Gueldner, B. A. , Tran, O. K. and Merrell, K. W. (2009). Social and emotional learning in classrooms: a survey of teachers’ knowledge, perceptions, and practices. Psychology, 25(2), 187-203. (2005). What is social and emotional learning? Http://Www. Casel. Org/Social And-Emotionallearning/. 20. 04. 2020. Cohen, J. (1999). Social and emotional learning past and present a psychoeducational dialogue. In J.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: CRISPR technology allows for precise editing of genomic sequences. [SEP] Text: Population means and standard deviations are shown for each sample. Mann-Whitney, *p<0. 05, **p<0. 01, ***p<0. 001. Figure 2—figure supplement 1 Download asset Open asset for tetO and cuO Cell Lines. (A–B) Histograms of the cuO-array (A) or tetO-array (B) track lengths for cell lines used in the study as and MES. Tracking lengths were often shorter in NPCs or MES due to increased nuclear movement in these cell types compared to ESCs. Figure 2—figure supplement 2 Download asset Open asset Estimate of for cuO and tetO. (A) Histograms of X, Y, and Z position uncertainty for fluorescent beads with signal-to-noise ratios comparable to cuO/CymR-GFP or tetO/TetR-tdTom. Data plotted are the standard deviation values measured using five frame sliding windows collected from 9 to 10 beads. (B) Histogram of X, Y, Z position uncertainty derived for tracking cuO/CymR-GFP and tetO/TetR-tdTom position in fixed cells. Data plotted are standard deviations using a five frame sliding window collected for 10 loci. (C) Histogram of X, Y, Z position uncertainty for fluorescent beads with signal-to-noise ratios comparable to cuO/CymR-Halox2 or tetO/TetR-GFPx2. In all cases, error bars show median and interquartile range of the computed position uncertainties, which are reported in the upper right of each panel. Figure 2—figure supplement 3 Download asset Open asset Impact of on 3D Distance Measurements. (A) A plot of true distance versus predicted measured distance after localization error is included demonstrate significant overestimation of very small distances. These values were derived by sampling X, Y, and Z measurements for cuO and tetO from normal distributions centered on positions that are separated by the true distance and standard deviations consistent with estimated uncertainty (median values from Figure 2—figure supplement 2 panel A). (B) The interquartile range of stimulated distance measurements after localization error is included demonstrates that measured 3D distance uncertainty is distance dependent and plateaus at approximately 52 nm. Figure 3 with 2 supplements Download asset Open asset Sox2 upon ESC Differentiation.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Reducing food waste can lower greenhouse gas emissions from decomposing food. [SEP] Text: Technology in itself is rarely a ready-made solution, but a more comprehensive systemic approach – including the creation of the appropriate capabilities, arrangements, and supporting markets and institutions – is needed for an effective transition. The success of technical solutions depends on adequate business models and chain arrangements in which all chain actors benefit. Interventions with a positive business case still often encounter difficulty in accessing finance, especially interventions that require systemic changes. We identify three types of arrangements that can ensure access to finance. Needless to say, the following financial arrangements should be combined with capacity development. 1. While market-based financial services are often absent in rural communities, with the right conditions and supporting policy, they can exploit the untapped potential of smallholder mechanisation. 2. Farmer cooperatives can be a vehicle for collective procurement or for organising a sufficiently large market for rental equipment. 3. Financial support of smallholder farmers from larger buyers or input suppliers can assist in the upgrading of farmer practices. Losses often arise elsewhere along the chain, outside of where the causes originate. Urbanisation and changing consumption patterns with informal chain arrangements result in increasing disconnection between producers and consumers, where demands from the consumer are not recognised by producers. Shrinking losses in a certain part of the chain through actions elsewhere in the chain will require collaboration, transparency, and chain–actor coordination. 10. 6 By 2030, SDG Target 12. 3 aims to halve FL. To reach that goal, loss-reducing interventions are critical. Besides cutting FL, most interventions will also mitigate food-supply GHG emissions. Understanding the effectiveness and trade-offs of such interventions is essential for FLW reduction decision-making and policy. Based on the experience in the case studies presented above, we recommend the following actions: Identify FLW and loss-related GHG emission hotspots and priorities. For policymakers, this step occurs at the country or region level; for chain actors, it occurs along the chain. Identify hotspots and priorities per product type or product category. Distinguish different chain stages: harvesting, storage and handling, processing, food distribution, and, optionally, the consumption phase. Prioritise hotspots through the following actions:○ Select hotspots with the highest loss volumes or for which interventions are available. ○ Compare FLW with various production practices, in different supply chain configurations, or with alternative technology or supply chain management practices.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Virtual learning has no impact on students’ social skills or development. [SEP] Text: Cohen (Ed. ), and the Passage into Adolescence. p. 3-23, Press, New York. Cherniss, C. , Extein, M. , Goleman, D. and Weissberg, R. P. (2006). Emotional intelligence: What does the research really indicate? Educational Psychologist, 41(4), 239-245. and Weissberg, R. P. (2017). Social‐emotional competence: An essential factor for promoting positive adjustment and reducing risk in school children. Child development, 88(2), 408-416. Dusenbury, L. and Weissberg, R. P. (2017). Social emotional learning in elementary school: Preparation for success. Digest, 83(1), 36. Elias, M. , Zins, J. , Weissberg, R. , Frey, K. , Greenberg, M. , Haynes, N. , Kessler, R. , Schwab, S. M. and Shrive, R. T. (1997). Promoting social and emotional learning: Guidelines for educators. Alexandra, VA: ASCD. Elbertson, N. A. , Brackett, M. A. and Weissberg, R. P. (2010). School-based social and emotional learning (SEL) Programming: Current perspectives. A. Hargreaves, M. Fullan, D. Hopkins ve A. Lieberman (Eds. ). The second international handbook of educational change. (p. 1017-1032). New York: Springer. Elias, M. , Zins, J. , Weissberg, R. , Frey, K. , Greenberg, M. , Haynes, N. , Kessler, R. , Schwab, S. M. and Shrive, R. T. (1997). Promoting social and emotional learning: Guidelines for educators. Alexandra, VA: ASCD. and Zins, J. E. (2000). The role of the collaborative to advance social and emotional learning (Casel) in supporting the implementation of quality school-based prevention programs. Educational and Psychological Consultation, 11(1), 3. Haney, K. G. (2013). An observational case study of one third grade teacher’s taught social and emotional skills curriculum. Oklahoma Norman, Oklahoma.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: CRISPR technology allows for precise editing of genomic sequences. [SEP] Text: (A) ESCs were differentiated into neural progenitor cells (NPCs), which maintain expression of Sox2 but inactivate the SCR, and cardiogenic mesodermal precursors (MES), which inactivate both Sox2 and the SCR. (B) Browser tracks of H3K27ac and RNA-seq data from and MES demonstrate the activation status of Sox2 and SCR in each cell type. Y-axis is 0–5 reads per million for H3K27ac data and 0–10 reads per million for RNA-seq data. (C) Cumulative density of 3D separation distance for Sox2-SCR and two control pairs for NPCs (left) and MES (right). ESC data are shown for comparison as solid lines on each graph and reproduced from Figure 2C. Tan box indicates regime where distance measurement error is expected to be greater than 50%. (D) Mean 3D separation distance per cell for each label pair, organized by cell type. Statistical analysis is for each matched pair-wise comparison between cell types. All p-values are below reported value. Mann-Whitney (**p<0. 01, ***p<0. 001). H3K27ac data from GSE47949 (Wamstad et al. , 2012) and GSE24164 (Creyghton et al. , 2010). RNAseq data from GSE47949 and GSE44067 (Zhang et al. , 2013). Figure 3—figure supplement 1 Download asset Open asset Characterization of ESC-derived Cell Lines. (A) Immunofluorescence of fixed neural progenitor cells (NPCs) for the NPC markers SOX2 and PAX6. (B-C) Immunofluorescence for the neuron marker β3-tubulin (B) or the astrocyte marker GFAP (C) on fixed cultures after 12 days of differentiation towards neurons or astrocytes, respectively. Scale bar is 100 µm. Figure 3—figure supplement 2 Download asset Open asset. (A) Potential models for Sox2 locus compaction observed upon differentiation to NPCs or MES. At left, cellular differentiation may lead to global changes in chromatin structure that are not dependent of Sox2/SCR activation status.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Reducing food waste can lower greenhouse gas emissions from decomposing food. [SEP] Text: ○ Identify promising interventions based on an inventory of technology or management methods used in other situations, on a literature scan, or using other methodologies. ○ Estimate the interventions’ effects on FLW along the supply chain. ○ Estimate the interventions’ trade-off for climate impact, for instance through CF-Rice and/or ACE. ○ Narrow down the list of interventions to those that contribute significantly to FLW or GHG emissions reduction. ○ Estimate the business case for a realistic implementation model. ○ Examine how the intervention(s) can fit in the food system context; address the involvement of stakeholders and distribution of costs and benefits for actors along the chain; identify leverage points to stimulate actual implementation and success. ○ Develop a business model for the intervention. Ideally, the focus will be on climate-positive loss-reduction interventions related to food products that are hotspots for FL and GHG equivalents. Globally, these are fruits and vegetables, rice, oil crops, and animal products. For most products, most emissions are related to agricultural production, meaning interventions in this sector can create a large impact. Any loss along the value chain induces extra production, however, which also requires consideration. In the case of smallholder farmer systems in low- and middle-income countries, the availability, accessibility, and longevity of FL-reducing interventions are significant barriers to transformation and can be addressed systematically. This 10. 4 Waste by Charlie Pye-high-income countries, most food is wasted beyond the farm gate by households, manufacturers, the hospitality and food industry, and retailers (Steiner et al. , Reference Steiner, Aguilar and Bomba2020). Measured in calories, consumers account for around 20 percent of all FW, of which three-quarters comes from the quarter of the world’s population living in Europe and the Americas. Steiner et al. (Reference Steiner, Aguilar and Bomba2020) outline a number of mechanisms to achieve the target of reducing FW by 50 percent by 2030. These include developing early warning systems and information management to match food supply with demand, using smart marketing and information platforms, optimising inventory movement in warehouse storage, and reducing waste-related costs along the value chain.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Virtual learning has no impact on students’ social skills or development. [SEP] Text: Kabakçı, Ö. F. (2006). İlköğretim ikinci kademe öğrencilerinin sosyal-duygusal öğrenme becerileri. Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara. Pech, S. L. (2010). A case study of a kindergarten teacher: examining practices and beliefs that support the social emotional classroom climate. Ph. D. Dissertation. and of Education, Health, and Human Services, Ohio. Pikul, M. A. (2015). Changes in the social and emotional wellness of students after participation in a mentoring program. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Concordia University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Montreal. Strum, J. R. (2001). An action research study of a social-emotional learning program and its effect on the behavior and academic success of fifth grade students. Thesis. California, School of Social Sciences, California. Totan, T. (2011). Problem çözme becerileri eğitim programının ilköğretim 6. sınıf öğrencilerinin sosyal-duygusal öğrenme becerileri üzerine etkisi. Doktora Tezi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir. Türnüklü, A. (2004). Okullarda sosyal ve duygusal öğrenme. Kuram ve Yönetimi Dergisi, 10(1), 136-152. Weissberg, R. P. , Kumpfer, K. L. and Seligman, M. E. P. (2003). Prevention for children and youth that works. American Psychologist, 58, 425-432.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: CRISPR technology allows for precise editing of genomic sequences. [SEP] Text: Alternatively, Sox2 and SCR inactivation could lead to changes to chromatin structure within the Sox2 locus, driving locus-specific compaction. (B) Strategy forCas9-mediated SCR deletion. Two gRNAs were designed to flank the SCR region and generate a deletion of SCR. Below, the SCR deletion allele shows a novel junction near the locations of expected Cas9 cutting, indicating a loss of the intervening SCR sequence. (C) Scatterplot of mean and standard deviation of 3D distance measurements for each cell line visualizes similarity between Sox2 label pairs across cell types. (D) Dendrogram visualizing hierarchical clustering of Earth Mover’s distances between 3D separation distance histograms of distinct Sox2 label pairs across cell types. SCR-deleted ESCs show greatest similarity to other ESCs as opposed to differentiated cells with inactivation of the SCR element. Figure 4 with 1 supplement Download asset Open asset Slow Sox2 to. (A) Maximum-intensity projection images (top) centered on the Sox2 locus and associated 3D distance measurements (bottom) highlight distinct conformations and dynamics of the Sox2 locus across cells. Scale bar is 1 µm. (B) 3D separation distance measurements for individual cells for Sox2-SCR, Control-Control, and SCR-Control highlight the heterogeneity of Sox2 locus organization across the cell population. The three cells depicted in A are boxed. (C) Cartoon description of autocorrelation analysis. Distance measurement between two time points are correlated using population statistics, revealing the time scale over which local measurements diverge from the population mean. A cell with low autocorrelation will randomly fluctuate around the population mean, leading the autocorrelation function to quickly decay to zero. A cell with high autocorrelation will deviate substantially from the expected value, only slowly relaxing back to the population mean. In this case, the autocorrelation function will stay significantly above zero for large lag times. (D) Autocorrelation function for Sox2-SCR, Control-Control, and SCR-Control pairs demonstrates significant autocorrelation at large lag times, indicating significant memory in 3D conformation across a 20 min window. The plotted values are mean ± 95% CI.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Reducing food waste can lower greenhouse gas emissions from decomposing food. [SEP] Text: They advocate introducing incentives to encourage manufacturers to supply smaller portions and adopt more efficient management of waste, for example by using it in anaerobic digesters and as compost rather than sending it to a landfill. They also support the creation of incentives that encourage companies to measure FLW. There is a powerful business case for reducing FW, as illustrated by a nationwide initiative in the United Kingdom. Between 2007 and 2012, a basket of measures introduced by the private sector, local governments, community groups, and households led to a 21 percent reduction in household FW. Every £1 invested resulted in savings of £250. The waste reduction initiative was worth £6. 5 billion of savings to households and £86 million of savings to local authorities over that five-year period. It decreased GHGs by 3. 4 million tonnes per year, equivalent to taking 1. 4 million passenger cars off the road. It also helped to save 1 billion m3 of water. An analysis of nearly 1 200 business sites involving 700 companies in 17 countries found that 99 percent of the sites showed a positive return on investment in waste management, with half boasting a 14-fold return. In other words, for every US$1 invested in FLW reduction, the average company made a return of US$14. This sort of evidence has convinced many companies to tackle FW. One of the most successful companies to tackle FW has been the furniture retailer IKEA. Almost 1 billion people visit its 420 stores each year, some two-thirds of whom eat in its food outlets. In 2016, IKEA launched its Food is Precious initiative with the aim of reducing FW by 50 percent by 2020. Activities included using a smart scale system to monitor FW and appointing FW champions to motivate colleagues at work and at home. By 2019, the initiative had been implemented in half its stores, with many reducing FW by 50 percent or more. Indeed, IKEA experienced a 20 percent reduction in FW within just 12 weeks of launching the initiative. Another company that has successfully reduced FW is Unilever. Foods initiative has adopted the target–measure–act approach recommended by the Champion 12. 3 initiative, with the aim of cutting FLW in half by 2025. Among other things, it also involves making better use of waste products.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Virtual learning has no impact on students’ social skills or development. [SEP] Text: Öğrenme Becerilerinin Gelişimine Yönelik Yapılan Etkinliklerin Değerlendirilmesi: Karma Yöntem Araştırması Year 2021, Volume: 18 Issue: 44, 7464 - 7482, 26. 12. 2021 Bahçuvanoglu araştırmada İlkokul 2. Sınıf Öğrencilerine yönelik yapılan etkinliklerin çocukların sosyal duygusal öğrenme becerileri arasındaki ilişki ve sosyal duygusal öğrenme açısından, cinsiyetlerine göre farklılıklar olup olmadığının incelenmesi, öğrencilere yönelik uygulanan ön test, son test ve izleme testlerinin ilişkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu Sakarya ilinde Özel Erenler Güneş ilkokul 2. Sınıfında öğrenim gören 17 öğrencidir. Araştırmanın verileri 25 şubat 2020'den önce toplanmıştır. Araştırmada Akın ve Arslan (2013) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan 20 maddelik Öğrenme Ölçeği (SDÖÖ) kullanılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında yapılan ön test sonuçlarının kız ve erkek öğrencilerin sosyal duygusal öğrenme becerileri konusunda farklılık göstermediği bulunmuştur.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: CRISPR technology allows for precise editing of genomic sequences. [SEP] Text: E) Percent of cells with an encounter between tetO and cuO labels shown as a function of the initial separation distance measured for the cell. Likelihood of an encounter depends on the initial conformation of the locus across all label pairs and encounter thresholds. Figure 4—figure supplement 1 Download asset Open asset for Each Sox2 in ESCs. (A–B) Normalized histograms of relative step size (A) and change in 3D separation distance (B) for adjacent frames. Mean value is highlighted by a red line. Figure 5 with 1 supplement Download asset Open asset Visualizing Sox2 Expression in of Transcription. (A) Sox2 locus with cuO-labeled Sox2 promoter and tetO-labeled SCR was further modified to introduce an MS2 transcriptional reporter cassette into the Sox2 gene. Transcription of Sox2 leads to visible spot at the Sox2 gene due to binding and clustering of MS2 coat protein to the MS2 hairpin sequence. (B) Maximum-intensity projection images centered on the Sox2 promoter (cuO) show intermittent bursts of MS2 signal, which are quantified on the right. Scale bar is 1 µm. (C) Single cell trajectories of Sox2 transcriptional bursts as representatively shown in B. (D) Aligned Sox2 transcriptional bursts. Randomly selected Sox2 bursts are shown as color traces (n = 50). Black line is mean MS2 signal for all annotated bursts. (E) Percent time Sox2 transcriptional bursting for various experimental conditions. Bars are mean ± standard error of ≥3 independent experiments. Sox2MS2/+ indicates cell line harbors the Sox2-MS2 reporter allele. SCRdel/+ indicates presence of an SCR deletion in cis with the Sox2-MS2 reporter. DRB indicates treatment with the transcriptional inhibitor 5,6-Dichloro-1-β-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB). Figure 5—figure supplement 1 Download asset Open asset Generation and Characterization of Sox2-MS2 ESCs. (A) Targeting strategy for Sox2 transcriptional reporter. A targeting plasmid was used with Sox2 homology arms and a P2A peptide puromycin resistance gene cassette (2Apuro) inserted in frame with Sox2.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Reducing food waste can lower greenhouse gas emissions from decomposing food. [SEP] Text: In 2020, 19 percent of FW went to anaerobic digestion, 14 percent was used as compost, 26 percent was applied to the land as a fertiliser, and 37 percent was sent for incineration with energy recovery. None was sent to a landfill. Many other companies and institutions have dramatically reduced their FW in recent years by adopting a variety of measures. For example, the Danish bioscience company Chr. Hansen has used food cultures to extend the shelf life of its yoghurt, reducing waste by 40 percent between 2016 and 2019. restaurant company launched the world’s first climate-positive menu in 2018. Less than 1 percent of food is now wasted in its kitchens, and its operations are powered entirely by renewable energy. Awareness campaigns in school feeding programmes and institutions are also helping to lessen FW on a significant scale. For example, reducing waste, as well as malnutrition, is an integral part of the Feeding Programme, which supplies some 42 million children with one or more healthy and nutritious meals every day in 160 000 public schools. Awareness raising was also a central part of the ‘Hate Waste’ campaign, which led to a 21 percent reduction in FW in the between 2007 and 2012. 2161. Wageningen, The Netherlands: on Climate Change, Agriculture and (CCAFS),0393. doi: 10. 1016/j. gfs. 2020. 100393. CrossRef9797. www. tandfonline. com/doi/full/10. 1080/1343943X. 2018. 1543547. 176. 992. 729. CrossRef1857. 10. 1 A global overview of food loss and waste in raw product equivalent, and associated greenhouse gas emissions in 2018 View in content Figure 10. 2 From manual to mechanised practices on Nigerian rice farms View in content Table 10. 1. Impact of different intervention scenarios in smallholder rice farming View in content Table 10. 2. Food loss and waste and greenhouse gas emission results for different scenarios for transporting dragon fruit from Vietnam to in content Table 10. 3. Food loss and waste and greenhouse gas emission results for different cooling temperatures for cut vegetables. GHG emissions are quantified as kg CO2eq. per kg vegetable sold in retail. View in content Figure 10. 3 Part of the Agro-calculator user-interface for rice case comparison of technology scenarios [1] View in content Figure 10.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Virtual learning has no impact on students’ social skills or development. [SEP] Text: Ön test-son test analizinden sonra elde edilen bulgulara göre öğrencilerin bu konuya yönelik katıldıkları etkinlik sürecinin faydalı olduğu saptanmıştır. Ve fark puanlarının sıra ortalaması ve toplamları dikkate alındığında gözlenen farkın pozitif sıralar yani son test puanı lehinde olduğu yani çocukların eğitim öncesinde ölçümlenen sosyal duygusal öğrenme becerilerinin etkinlik süreci sonrasında yükseldiği görülmüştür. Buna ek olarak görev tanımlama becerilerinin, akran ilişkileri becerilerinin, öz düzenleme becerilerinin de anlamlı derecede yükseldiği saptanmıştır.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: CRISPR technology allows for precise editing of genomic sequences. [SEP] Text: Downstream of 2A puro is a 24x MS2 stem loop array, which is inserted into the 3’ UTR. (B) PCR genotyping assay to identify a targeted Sox2 allele. A primer set was used that recognized the MS2 stem loop array and a genomic region downstream of the 3’ homology arm. (C) Western blotting for SOX2 protein in parental 129/or ESCs heterozygous for the Sox2-MS2 allele. Actin was used as a loading control. (D) Normalized histogram of the percentage of time each individual cell has a detectable Sox2 transcriptional burst. Figure 6 with 1 supplement Download asset Open asset Sox2 with SCR Proximity. (A) Schematic illustrating the expected relation between Sox2/SCR distance and MS2 transcription for a looping enhancer model. (B) Maximum-intensity projection images centered on the Sox2 promoter (cuO) show transcriptional activity without correlation to Sox2/SCR distance changes. The measured distance and MS2 signal are shown at bottom. The mean separation distance across the cell population is shown as a dotted red line. Scale bar is 1 µm. (C) Percent time with Sox2 transcriptional burst as a function of Sox2/SCR distance. Weighted mean + SE for seven experiments are shown. Weights were determined based on the proportion of frames in each bin contributed by individual experiments. (D) Mean separation distance per cell, separated into bursting and non-bursting frames. (Mann-Whitney, p=0. 68). (E) Mean separation distance across a 25 min window for all transcriptional bursts (black) or randomly select time points (red), aligned according the burst initiation frame. Values plotted are mean ± 95% CI. (F) Single cell trajectories of Sox2 transcriptional bursts ranked by number of bursting frames per cell. At right, matched mean separation distances for each cell shown at left. Spearman’s correlation coefficient for each is shown. (G) Mean separation distance per cell for transcribing and non-transcribing cells. (Mann-Whitney, p=0. 15). (H) Potential models of SCR regulation of Sox2 that would uncouple Sox2/SCR proximity from transcriptional activity.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Composting is a sustainable method to handle unavoidable food waste. [SEP] Text: -19 PreprintsProtocolsVideosJournalsTools & a -composting of green waste, food waste and phosphoric rock. Comparison of two-stage composting with traditional composting. Hernandez-Gomez, Marcos Ríos, Anauribeth Portela, and 4 moreThis is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. work is licensed under a CC BY 4. 0 LicenseStatus:PostedVersion 1posted You are reading this latest preprint versionAbstractGreen waste (GW) co-composting has limitations due to the content of slowly degradable compounds (i. e. lignocellulosic substances). The introduction of amendment and bulking materials has improved organic matter degradation and end-product quality. However, recent studies have included additional strategies such as two-stage composting (TSC). This research evaluates the effect of TSC on the process and end-product quality of co-composting of GW, food waste, sawdust and phosphoric rock. In our knowledge, TSC has not been studied together with strategies like the addition of co-substrates such as FW and phosphoric rock to improve GW composting. A pilot-scale study was developed using two triplicate treatments: TA: TSC and TB: Traditional composting. The two treatments used the same mixture (wet weight): 46% GW, 19% unprocessed food waste, 18% processed food waste, 13% sawdust, and 4% phosphoric rock. TB had a higher degradation rate of organic matter during the mesophilic and thermophilic phases compared to TA. This is related to the higher temperatures for longer periods during these two phases, with a higher degradation of volatile solids. Nonetheless, during the cooling and maturation phases, the two treatments had similar behavior on temperature, pH, and electrical conductivity with ash and lignin contents without significant differences at the end of the process. End-products in both treatments lacked statistically significant differences and fulfill quality criteria for use as soil improvers. However, end-products from traditional composting had lower nutrient content (NTotal and PTotal) that can be associated with nitrogen volatilization or the use of nutrients by the microorganisms during the active process phases.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Virtual learning has no impact on students’ social skills or development. [SEP] Text: Araştırmanın ikinci amacı ise sosyal duygusal öğrenme kavramının bir çocuğun yetişmesindeki önemi, sdö becerisine ait hangi boyutların kullanıldığı, sdö becerilerinin kazanılması için mevcut eğitim programına bu becerinin nasıl katılacağı, öğretmenlerin sosyal beceri ve duygusal yönetim becerilerini nasıl değerlendirdiği ve sdö programının hedef kitlesinin kim olduğunun araştırılmasıdır Bu araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmacı olarak tarafımdan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu oluşturulmuştur. Görüşme formlarına uzman görüşleri yardımıyla son şekil verilmiştir. İlkokul 1. Ve 2. Sınıf öğretmenlerine amaca uygun sorular sorulmuştur. Görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz yöntemiyle çözümlenmiştir.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: CRISPR technology allows for precise editing of genomic sequences. [SEP] Text: Above, SCR leads to long-lived activation of the Sox2 promoter that can persist long after Sox2/SCR contact is disassembled. Below, SCR nucleates a large hub of activator proteins that can modify the Sox2 promoter environment despite large distances between Sox2 and SCR. Figure 6—figure supplement 1 Download asset Open asset between Frames for Bursting and Non-Points. (A) Displacement of the SCR element (tetO/TetR) relative to the Sox2 promoter (cuO/CymR) between successive frames shows no difference between bursting and non-bursting time points (Mann-Whitney, p=0. 4172). Author response image 1 Download asset Open asset Author response image 2 Download asset Open asset Author response image 3 Download asset Open asset Author response image 4 Download asset Open asset Author response image 5 Download asset Open asset Author response image 6 Download asset Open asset 1 Download asset This video cannot be played in place because your browser does support HTML5 video. You may still download the video for offline viewing. Download as MPEG-4 Download as WebM Download as of at Sox2 Locus. Maximum-intensity Z projection of 3D confocal Z-stacks of cuO/CymR-GFP (left) and tetO/TetR-tdTom (middle) labeling the Sox2 promoter region and SCR, respectively demonstrate two clear spots for the SCR label, suggesting cells in S/G2. These cells were excluded from analysis. Scale bar is 1 µm. Video 2 Download asset This video cannot be played in place because your browser does support HTML5 video. You may still download the video for offline viewing. Download as MPEG-4 Download as WebM Download as in Sox2 Across Cells. Maximum-intensity Z projection of 3D confocal Z-stacks of cuO/CymR (green) and tetO/TetR (magenta) labeling the Sox2 promoter region and SCR, respectively for three individual cells highlighted in Figure 3. The distance range explored by Cell1 and Cell2 is limited, while Cell3 shows large, abrupt changes in distance. Scale bar is 1 µm. Video 3 Download asset This video cannot be played in place because your browser does support HTML5 video. You may still download the video for offline viewing.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Composting is a sustainable method to handle unavoidable food waste. [SEP] Text: These results indicate that at the end of the process, there were no significant differences in the total processing time, degradation rate or end-product quality among TSC and traditional composting. Evaluation of complementary strategies must continue to improve GW composting. & PolicyAgroecologyCo-compostingGreen wasteFood wastePhosphoric rockTwo-stage compostingFiguresFigure 1Figure 2Figure 31. waste is an important fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW) [1]. Composting is an effective method to manage GW because it reduces its volume and generates a product rich in nutrients which can be used for soils and plants [2]. However, GW composting is a challenge due to the content of lignocellulosic substances, which are difficult to degrade by microorganisms [3, 4]. This has led to fails in some GW composting plants due to the generation of immature products, plant under-sizing and odor emissions [5, 6]. The reduction of processing times and the improvement of end-product quality have become important goals of GW composting [6, 7]. Different studies have focused on GW composting optimization using different strategies [4, 8–10]: (i) operational changes on the process; (ii) addition of microbial inoculum; and (iii) co-composting with different supplementary materials (bulking or amendment) [7]. Regarding co-composting of GW, different materials have been used as amendments or bulking agents, such as: fly ash and jaggery [11], elemental sulfur [9], bio-char [12], bio-solids [8], wood chips [4], pig manure [13], cow dung (CD) and spent coffee grounds (SCG) [14]. The introduction of these materials aims to add essential nutrients, readily available carbon forms, compounds to regulate pH or control moisture. These additives have increased microbial activity, accelerated organic matter degradation, and improved end-product quality [10, 11, 15]. Likewise, the low content of phosphorous, characteristic of GW composting, has been adjusted adding phosphoric rock (PR), that besides improving end-product quality, reduces nitrogen volatilization [5, 9]. However, PR must be added in concentrations that do not inhibit the process [16] or excessively increase its content in the end-product [17].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Virtual learning has no impact on students’ social skills or development. [SEP] Text: Görüşmelerden yola çıkılarak araştırma sonuçları: 1- Öğrenme, Çevre ve Birey Kazandırmak ve Kişilik Gelişimi, Bireyin iyi yetişmesi için önem taşımaktadır 2- SDÖ’ nün 5 boyutundan en çok Verme, Problem Çözme, İlişki Becerilerine yönelik kazanımlar hedeflenmektedir. 3- Sdö’nün mevcut eğitim programına katılması için etkinliklere yer verilmesi, ilişkili olduğu kazanımların arttırılması gerek olduğu belirtilmiştir. 4- Öğretmenler Öğrenme becerisinin gelişimini gözlem yaparak değerlendirmektedirler. 5- SDÖ’ nün hedef kitlesinin tüm öğrenciler olduğu düşünülmektedir. Duygusal Öğrenme, Öğretmen Görüşleri, Karma Yöntem, Görüşme 34. Aygün, H. E. (2017). Sosyal-duygusal öğrenme programlarinin sosyal-duygusal öğrenme becerilerinin gelişimine, akademik başari ve sinif iklimi algisina etkisi. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. Çanakkale Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Çanakkale. Akcaalan, M. (2016).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: CRISPR technology allows for precise editing of genomic sequences. [SEP] Text: Download as MPEG-4 Download as WebM Download as of Sox2 in mESCs. Maximum-intensity Z projection of 3D confocal Z-stacks of a tandem dimer of MS2 coat protein fused with two copies of tagRFP-T. The dashed yellow box highlights the ROI used for burst detection in our automated analysis pipeline, centered on the location of the Sox2 promoter (cuO/CymR location, not shown). Detected bursts are highlighted by red circles centered on the burst location, with color intensity indicating burst intensity. Scale bar is 1 µm. Video 4 Download asset This video cannot be played in place because your browser does support HTML5 video. You may still download the video for offline viewing. Download as MPEG-4 Download as WebM Download as from Sox2 Locus. Maximum-intensity Z projection of 3D confocal Z-stacks of a tandem dimer of MS2 coat protein fused with two copies of tagRFP-T demonstrate a period of high transcriptional activity for the highlighted Sox2 gene. The dashed yellow box highlights the ROI used for burst detection in our automated analysis pipeline, centered on the location of the Sox2 promoter (cuO/CymR location, not shown). Detected bursts are highlighted by red circles centered on the burst location, with color intensity indicating burst intensity. Scale bar is 1 µm. Video 5 Download asset This video cannot be played in place because your browser does support HTML5 video. You may still download the video for offline viewing. Download as MPEG-4 Download as WebM Download as Ogg Sox2 in the Absence of SCR Proximity. Maximum-intensity Z projection of 3D confocal Z-stacks of cuO/CymR (green) and tetO/TetR (magenta) labeling the Sox2 promoter region and SCR, respectively (left), and MS2 coat protein highlighting Sox2 transcriptional activity (right). We detect clear Sox2 transcriptional bursts despite no colocalization of the Sox2/SCR labels. Scale bar is 1 µm. resources table Reagent type (species) or resourceDesignationSource or referenceIdentifiersAdditional informationCell line (M. musculus)129/Cast F1 : 9298902Cell line (M. musculus)E14 : 3821905RRID:CVCL_C320Cell line (M.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Composting is a sustainable method to handle unavoidable food waste. [SEP] Text: Despite the variety of amendment materials used in GW composting, the literature assessing the addition of food waste (FW) is scarce. FW has several advantages as amendment material [1, 18]: i) FW is continually available in the MSW flow which is important when limitations to acquire other co-substrates exist; ii) FW has a high content of readily available organic matter that complements the physicochemical characteristics of GW; iii) FW provides essential nutrients such as nitrogen and potassium. In addition, co-composting of GW and FW simultaneously addresses the management of these two types of waste which together represent the higher proportion of MSW in developing countries [19]. Previous studies that used processed food waste (PFW) and unprocessed food waste (UPFW) [1, 16] on GW composting show a reduction of processing times in the mesophilic and thermophilic phases compared to composting of GW only, and improved end-product quality that better fulfills the Colombian quality standards for biofertilizers. However, the cooling and maturation phases (i. e. when the degradation of lignocellulosic substances occur) have shown temperature behavior and processing times similar to the composting of only GW. These studies show the need to introduce additional strategies that contribute to increase the degradation rate of lignocellulosic substances and help to reduce the total processing time. Operational modifications to the process are another strategy to improve GW composting [4, 10]. One of these strategies is two-stage composting (TSC). This method results in two peaks in the composting temperature (at 55– 60 °C or even higher) and a longer thermophilic period. As a consequence, the production of a mature and stable compost requires only 30 days rather than the 90–270 days required for traditional composting [10]. However, in our knowledge, TSC has not been studied together with strategies like the addition of co-substrates such as FW and PR to improve GW composting.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Virtual learning has no impact on students’ social skills or development. [SEP] Text: Yaşam Boyu öğrenme ile sosyal duygusal öğrenme arasındaki ilişkilerin çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Sakarya Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Sakarya. Baron, D. M. (2013). Social and emotional learning: An argument for religious Pluralism. Loyola University, Chicago. Baydan, Y. (2010). Sosyal-Algisi Ölçeği’nin geliştirilmesi ve sosyal-duygusal beceri programinin etkililiği. Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Enstitü, Ankara. Buchanan, R. , Gueldner, B. A. , Tran, O. K. and Merrell, K. W. (2009). Social and emotional learning in classrooms: a survey of teachers’ knowledge, perceptions, and practices. Psychology, 25(2), 187-203. (2005). What is social and emotional learning? Http://Www. Casel. Org/Social And-Emotionallearning/. 20. 04. 2020. Cohen, J. (1999). Social and emotional learning past and present a psychoeducational dialogue. In J. Cohen (Ed. ), and the Passage into Adolescence. p. 3-23, Press, New York. Cherniss, C. , Extein, M. , Goleman, D. and Weissberg, R. P. (2006). Emotional intelligence: What does the research really indicate? Educational Psychologist, 41(4), 239-245. and Weissberg, R. P. (2017). Social‐emotional competence: An essential factor for promoting positive adjustment and reducing risk in school children. Child development, 88(2), 408-416. Dusenbury, L. and Weissberg, R. P. (2017). Social emotional learning in elementary school: Preparation for success. Digest, 83(1), 36. Elias, M. , Zins, J. , Weissberg, R. , Frey, K. , Greenberg, M.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: CRISPR technology allows for precise editing of genomic sequences. [SEP] Text: musculus)Sox2-paper129/Cast F1 ESCs with cuO array inserted 8 kb centromeric to Sox2 TSS and tetO array inserted 117 kb telomeric to Sox2 TSS on the 129 alleleCell line (M. musculus) Sox2-; CymR-GFP; TetR-tdTomthis paper129/Cast F1 ESCs with cuO array inserted 8 kb centromeric to Sox2 TSS and tetO array inserted 117 kb telomeric to Sox2 TSS on the 129 allele. Cells stably express ePiggyBac vectors epB-UbC-CymRV5 -nls-GFP-DEx2 and epB- CAG-TetRFlag-nls-tdTom-DEx4Cell line (M. musculus)Control-Control ESCsthis paper129/Cast F1 ESCs with tetO array inserted 43 kb telomeric to Sox2 TSS and cuO array inserted 164 kb telomeric to Sox2 TSS on the 129 alleleCell line (M. musculus)Control-Control ESCsthis paper129/Cast F1 ESCs with tetO array inserted 43 kb telomeric to Sox2 TSS and cuO array inserted 164 kb telomeric to Sox2 TSS on the 129 allele. Cells stably express ePiggyBac vectors epB-UbC-CymRV5-nls-GFP-DEx2 and epB-CAG-TetRFlag-nls- tdTom-DEx4Cell line (M. musculus)SCR-Control ESCsthis paper129/Cast F1 ESCs with tetO array inserted 117 kb telomeric to Sox2 TSS and cuO array inserted 242 kb telomeric to Sox2 TSS on the 129 alleleCell line (M. musculus)SCR-Control ESCsthis paper129/Cast F1 ESCs with tetO array inserted 117 kb telomeric to Sox2 TSS and cuO array inserted 242 kb telomeric to Sox2 TSS on the 129 allele.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Composting is a sustainable method to handle unavoidable food waste. [SEP] Text: This research evaluates the effect of the TSC on the process and quality of end-product in the co-composting of GW, FW, sawdust (SW) and PR, considering that: i) the mixture of GW and FW has been beneficial for the process and end-product quality of composting [1]; ii) SW have proved to be a bulking agent appropriate for GW composting [4]; iii) phosphorous must be used in the co-composting of GW and FW due to their deficiencies in the product [5, 9, 16]; and iv) additional strategies for co-composting need to be assessed such as TSC [4, 10]. 2. Methods 2. 1. Experimental setup We developed a pilot-scale composting experiment using two treatments to assess the effect of TSC on the process and end-product quality of co-composting of and SW. (TA) was TSC and (TB) was Traditional Composting. The two treatments had triplicate experimental units of 200 kg. The treatments had the same mixture of materials (wet weight): 46% GW, 19% UPFW, 18% PFW, 13% SW, and 4% PR. The mixture was defined based on previous studies [1, 16], considering two criteria: i) predominance of GW on the mixture, and ii) C/N ratio around 20. FW was introduced as amendment material to provide readily degradable organic matter (i. e. simple carbohydrates) and nitrogen. PR was added as bulking agent and material amendment, providing porosity and phosphorus. The amount added was considered taking into account previous studies [5, 9, 16]. The SW was added as a source of carbon and as a bulking agent. GW was obtained from the maintenance of green areas of a university campus and had the following physical composition: 35% leaves, 26% grass clippings, 20% soil extract, 9% tree branches, 3% fruit, 1% roots and 6% non-biodegradable materials. Before the experimental setup, non-biodegradable materials were removed (e. g. stones, plastics). GW was stored for one or two weeks. UPFW and PFW were source-separated and were collected, using composite sampling, from a university restaurant, where approximately 3,000 lunches per day are normally prepared.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Virtual learning has no impact on students’ social skills or development. [SEP] Text: , Haynes, N. , Kessler, R. , Schwab, S. M. and Shrive, R. T. (1997). Promoting social and emotional learning: Guidelines for educators. Alexandra, VA: ASCD. Elbertson, N. A. , Brackett, M. A. and Weissberg, R. P. (2010). School-based social and emotional learning (SEL) Programming: Current perspectives. A. Hargreaves, M. Fullan, D. Hopkins ve A. Lieberman (Eds. ). The second international handbook of educational change. (p. 1017-1032). New York: Springer. Elias, M. , Zins, J. , Weissberg, R. , Frey, K. , Greenberg, M. , Haynes, N. , Kessler, R. , Schwab, S. M. and Shrive, R. T. (1997). Promoting social and emotional learning: Guidelines for educators. Alexandra, VA: ASCD. and Zins, J. E. (2000). The role of the collaborative to advance social and emotional learning (Casel) in supporting the implementation of quality school-based prevention programs. Educational and Psychological Consultation, 11(1), 3. Haney, K. G. (2013). An observational case study of one third grade teacher’s taught social and emotional skills curriculum. Oklahoma Norman, Oklahoma. Kabakçı, Ö. F. (2006). İlköğretim ikinci kademe öğrencilerinin sosyal-duygusal öğrenme becerileri. Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara. Pech, S. L. (2010). A case study of a kindergarten teacher: examining practices and beliefs that support the social emotional classroom climate. Ph. D. Dissertation. and of Education, Health, and Human Services, Ohio. Pikul, M. A. (2015). Changes in the social and emotional wellness of students after participation in a mentoring program. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Concordia University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Montreal. Strum, J. R. (2001).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: CRISPR technology allows for precise editing of genomic sequences. [SEP] Text: Cells stably express ePiggyBac vectors epB-UbC-CymRV5-nls-GFP-DEx2 and epB-CAG-TetRFlag-nls-td Tom-DEx4Cell line (M. musculus)SCR deletion ESCsthis paper129/Cast F1 ESCs with cuO array inserted 8 kb centromeric to Sox2 TSS and tetO array inserted 117 kb telomeric to Sox2 TSS on the 129 allele. SCR deletion (104 kb-112kb from Sox2 TSS) is present on 129 alleleCell line (M. musculus)SCR deletion ESCsthis paper129/Cast F1 ESCs with cuO array inserted 8 kb centromeric to Sox2 TSS and tetO array inserted 117 kb telomeric to Sox2 TSS on the 129 allele. SCR deletion (104 kb-112kb from Sox2 TSS) is present on 129 allele. Cells stably express ePiggyBac vectors epB-UbC-CymRV5-nls-GFP-DEx2 and epB-CAG-TetRFlag-nls -tdTom-DEx4Cell line (M. musculus)Sox2-MS2 ESCsthis paper129/Cast F1 ESCs with cuO array inserted 8 kb centromeric to Sox2 TSS and tetO array inserted 117 kb telomeric to Sox2 TSS on the 129 allele. 129 Sox2 allele has been replaced with Sox2-P2A- puro-24xMS2. Cell line (M. musculus)Sox2-MS2 ESCsthis paper129/Cast F1 ESCs with cuO array inserted 8 kb centromeric to Sox2 TSS and tetO array inserted 117 kb telomeric to Sox2 TSS on the 129 allele. 129 Sox2 allele has been replaced with Sox2-P2A-puro-24xMS2.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Composting is a sustainable method to handle unavoidable food waste. [SEP] Text: However, from day three to day 20, the temperature in TB was higher than in TA, showing a higher organic matter degradation rate in this period. Despite having a higher reduction in VS by day 24 in TB compared to TA (i. e. 25. 9% in TB and 25. 5% in TA) the difference is not considered substantial. After day 3, continuous oscillations of temperature occurred in both treatments. However, in TA there was a pronounced reduction after day 5 and until the material was removed from the container (day 10), with a new temperature increase. Thus, the two typical thermophilic temperature peaks for the TSC were observed [4, 10]. By day 12, the two temperature peaks and the subsequent decrease occurred in both treatments. The thermophilic phase lasted 27 d in TA and 33 d in TB, showing the influence of the process type on the degradation of the organic matter readily degradable (i. e. mesophilic and thermophilic phases). It is important to emphasize that by day 32, there was a reduction in VS in 29. 0% in TB and 27. 2% in TA, which ratifies the higher biological activity and thus, the higher transformation of organic matter in the traditional composting compared to TSC. As expected, in both treatments there was a higher degradation rate on the mesophilic and thermophilic phases compared to the cooling and maturation phases. This is due to the decomposition of the readily degradable organic matter in the first phases, and the decomposition of recalcitrant organic matter (lignin and cellulose) in the final phases [29]. In both treatments, the temperatures were above 50 °C for more than three consecutive days, promoting the material sanitization [30]. Furthermore, TB fulfill the recommendations from Böhm [31], who indicates that temperature should be at least higher than 55 °C at least for two weeks (TB:16 d and TA: 12 d). The higher temperature values in TB are ascribed mainly to the aeration conditions in the containers. Although, the temperature increase was faster in TSC, higher temperatures maintained longer were observed in traditional composting, showing higher organic matter degradation rates in the thermophilic and mesophilic phases (i. e. evidenced in the VS reduction).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Virtual learning has no impact on students’ social skills or development. [SEP] Text: An action research study of a social-emotional learning program and its effect on the behavior and academic success of fifth grade students. Thesis. California, School of Social Sciences, California. Totan, T. (2011). Problem çözme becerileri eğitim programının ilköğretim 6. sınıf öğrencilerinin sosyal-duygusal öğrenme becerileri üzerine etkisi. Doktora Tezi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir. Türnüklü, A. (2004). Okullarda sosyal ve duygusal öğrenme. Kuram ve Yönetimi Dergisi, 10(1), 136-152. Weissberg, R. P. , Kumpfer, K. L. and Seligman, M. E. P. (2003). Prevention for children and youth that works. American Psychologist, 58, 425-432.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: CRISPR technology allows for precise editing of genomic sequences. [SEP] Text: Cells stably express ePiggyBac vectors epB-UbC-CymRV5- nls-Halox2-DEx4, epB-CAG- TetRFlag-nls-GFPx2, and epB-UbC-tdMS2cp-tagRFP-Tx2Cell line (M. musculus)Sox2-MS2; SCR deletion ESCsthis paper129/Cast F1 ESCs with cuO array inserted 8 kb centromeric to Sox2 TSS and tetO array inserted 117 kb telomeric to Sox2 TSS on the 129 allele. 129 Sox2 allele has been replaced with Sox2-P2A-puro-24xMS2. SCR deletion (104 kb-112kb from Sox2 TSS) is present on 129 alleleCell line (M. musculus)Sox2-MS2; SCR deletion ESCsthis paper129/Cast F1 ESCs with cuO array inserted 8 kb centromeric to Sox2 TSS and tetO array inserted 117 kb telomeric to Sox2 TSS on the 129 allele. 129 Sox2 allele has been replaced with Sox2-P2A- puro-24xMS2. SCR deletion (104 kb-112kb from Sox2 TSS) is present on 129 allele. Cells stably express ePiggyBac vectors epB-UbC -CymRV5-nls-Halox2-DEx4, epB-CAG-TetRFlag-nls-GFPx2, and epB-UbC-tdMS2cp- tagRFP-Tx2Cell line (M. musculus)Sox2-del-paper129/Cast F1 ESCs with cuO array inserted 8 kb centromeric to Sox2 TSS and tetO array inserted 117 kb telomeric to Sox2 TSS on the 129 allele. Large deletion (1 kb-112kb from Sox2 TSS) is present on 129 allele. All genetic distances based on reference genome. Cell line (M. musculus)Sox2-del-paper129/Cast F1 ESCs with cuO array inserted 8 kb centromeric to Sox2 TSS and tetO array inserted 117 kb telomeric to Sox2 TSS on the 129 allele.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Composting is a sustainable method to handle unavoidable food waste. [SEP] Text: This high degradation can also be associated with the addition of PR in both treatments that provide nutrients and energy for microorganisms, accelerating transformation processes [5]. The addition of PR increased the quantity of inorganic material in both end-products, associated to phosphorous mineralization, and thus, intervene in the reported ash content in both treatments in contrast with our previous studies where this amendment material was not introduced [1]. (CEC) is used to evaluate the humification degree and nutrient retention capacity of compost. In both treatments, CEC was higher compared to the standard of NTC 5167 for soil improvers [26]. Despite the fact, there was not statistical significant differences, there were higher values in TA compared to TB possibly due to an increase in the humification processes in GW during the cooling and maturation phases, evidenced in a lower OC content at the end of the process. The results show that in both treatments, the end-products are able to improve the water and nutrient retention capacity of soils [4, 5]. The water retention capacity for a mature product must be higher to 100% [26] or 75% wet weight [50]. This parameter allows stablishing the product capacity to retain moisture, which is fundamental during the use of the product for agricultural purposes. The treatments had higher values compared to those established by the literature without statistical significant differences comparing TA and TB. The high water retention capacity in these products is connected to their low density (i. e. density was 0. 50 g cm− 3 for TA and 0. 46 g cm− 3 for TB) and high porosity of materials such as GW, and to the processes of transformation and mineralization of organic matter. Finally, the phosphorous content in TA and TB was higher to the standard from the NTC 5167 for soil improvers [26]. According to Khan and Joergensen [51], the solubilization of PR could increase microbial biomass to release inorganic phosphorous. The high porosity of PR could also provide and habitat to the high microbial biomass [9, 52]. P is a central component of the energy-carrying molecule (adenosine triphosphate, ATP) in all cells; increased P availability resulting from PR addition may increase the formation of ATP during microbial activity and reproduction, and therefore enhance the decomposition of organic waste [5, 53].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Virtual learning has no impact on students’ social skills or development. [SEP] Text: Αναπτύχθηκε ένα σταθμισμένο ερωτηματολόγιο για να αναδείξει εμπειρικά επιχειρήματα για την υποστήριξη της συγκεκριμένης επιστημονικής διατριβής και να αξιολογήσει μέσω των απαντήσεων των εκπαιδευτικών ειδικής αγωγής την ετοιμότητα του εκπαιδευτικού, γονικού και κοινωνικού περιβάλλοντος να καλύψει με ολιστικό τρόπο τις ανάγκες των μαθητών με συγκεκριμένα βιολογικά, συμπεριφορικά, συναισθηματικά και γνωστικά χαρακτηριστικά.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: CRISPR technology allows for precise editing of genomic sequences. [SEP] Text: Large deletion (1 kb-112kb from Sox2 TSS) is present on 129 allele. All genetic distances based on reference genome. Cells stably express ePiggyBac vectors epB-UbC-CymRV5 -nls-GFP-DEx2 and epB-CAG -TetRFlag-nls-tdTom-DEx4. Cell line (M. musculus)Sox2-paperNeural progenitor cells derived from Sox2-. Cells stably express ePiggyBac vectors epB-UbC -CymRV5-nls-GFP-DEx2 and epB-CAG-TetRFlag-nls -tdTom-DEx4. Cell line (M. musculus)Sox2-paperNeural progenitor cells derived from Sox2-line (M. musculus)Control-Control NPCsthis paperNeural progenitor cells derived from Control-Control ESCs. Cells stably express ePiggyBac vectors epB-UbC-CymRV5-nls-GFP-DEx2 and epB-CAG-TetRFlag- nls-tdTom-DEx4. Cell line (M. musculus)SCR-Control NPCsthis paperNeural progenitor cells derived from SCR-Control ESCsCell line (M. musculus)SCR-Control NPCsthis paperNeural progenitor cells derived from SCR-Control ESCs. epB-UbC-CymRV5 -nls-GFP-DEx2 and epB-CAG-TetRFlag-nls-td Tom-DEx4.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Composting is a sustainable method to handle unavoidable food waste. [SEP] Text: Therefore, an increase on the microbial biomass during composting could contribute with an increase in the organic content of C and P in the end-product, as evidenced in the results from both products. Despite the fact, there were not statistical significant differences between the treatments, there were smaller values of P in TB, which can be associated to a more intense activity of organic matter degradation during the first two phases of the process in the traditional composting. 4. conclusions of this work are: Traditional composting had higher biodegradation rates during the mesophilic and thermophilic active composting phases than the Composting (i. e. higher temperatures reached for longer periods and a higher reduction of volatile solids). However, during the cooling and maturation phases, both treatments showed similar process conditions as these were judged by the temperature, volatile solids, pH, and electrical conductivity. The twelve parameters measured here (moisture, pH, electric conductivity, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ratio, cation exchange capacity, water retention capacity, density, ash, total phosphorous, and lignin) on the end-products resulting from both the two-stage composting and traditional composting did not statistically differ. Both end-products could be used as soil improvers. Two-stage composting of green waste, food waste, phosphoric rock and sawdust at the end of the process did not influence of the processing time, degradation rate or end-product quality compared with traditional composting. Additional complementary strategies must be evaluated to improved GW composting. DeclarationsAvailability of data and materials All data generated or analyzed during this study are within the submitted manuscript. Competing interests The authors declare they have no competing interests. project was financed by the de Santander (Colombia) through project 2354 of 2017 Authors' contributions All authors read and approved the final manuscript. authors wish to thank the de Santander for the support to carry out this work. Authors' information (optional) None. 74. . Evaluation of thermophilic fungal consortium for organic municipal solid waste composting. Bioresour Technol. 2014;168:214–21. Application of seasonal freeze-thaw to pretreat raw material for accelerating green waste composting. J Environ Manag. 2019;239:96–102. Zhang L, Sun X.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Virtual learning has no impact on students’ social skills or development. [SEP] Text: �πτυξη κοινωνικών σχέσεων και δεξιοτήτων επικοινωνίας σε μια πιο υποστηρικτική κοινωνία για τους μαθητές με ειδικές μαθησιακές δυσκολίες.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: CRISPR technology allows for precise editing of genomic sequences. [SEP] Text: Antibodyrat monoclonal PE-conjugated anti-PDGFRαThermo Fisher12-1401-81; RRID:AB_657615Flow 1:400Antibodymouse monoclonal anti-SOX2Santa Cruzsc-365823; RRID:AB_10842165WB 1:1000, IF 1:100Antibodyrabbit polyclonal anti-PAX6Biolegend901301; RRID:AB_2565003IF 1:100Antibodymouse monoclonal anti-TUBB3Biolegend801201; RRID:AB_2313773IF 1:100Antibodymouse monoclonal anti-3893; RRID:AB_477010IF 1:400Antibodyrabbit polyclonal anti-βactinAbcamab8227; RRID:AB_2305186WB 1:2000Antibodyanti-Flk1 biotinPMID: 17084363Hybridoma clone D218 Flow 1:100Recombinant DNA reagentpCAGGS-Bxb1o-nlsFlagthis paperAddgene: 119901Expresses Bxb1 integrase in mammalian cellsRecombinant DNA reagentpDEST-tetOx224 _PhiC31attB_loxP- PGKpuro-loxPthis paperAddgene: 119902PhiC31 integration plasmid for tetO array with Neo selection cassetteRecombinant DNA reagentpDEST-cuOx144 _Bxb1attB_loxP- PGKpuro-loxPthis paperAddgene: 119903Bxb1 integration plasmid for cuO array with Puro selection cassetteRecombinant DNA reagentpDEST-tetOx224 _PhiC31attB_FRT- EF1a-GFP-FRTthis paperAddgene: 119904PhiC31 integration plasmid for tetO array with GFP expression cassetteRecombinant DNA reagentpDEST-cuOx144_ Bxb1attB_loxP- EF1a-tagRFP-T-loxPthis paperAddgene: 119905Bxb1 integration plasmid for cuO array with RFP expression cassetteRecomb

Output: pass