Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: Brain 2007;130:2770-2788. 9. -Strambi L. The risk of neurodegeneration in REM sleep behavior disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Rev 2019;43:37-46. 10. Lapierre O, Montplaisir J. Polysomnographic features of REM sleep behavior disorder: development of a scoring method. Neurology 1992;42:1371-1374. 11. Neikrug AB, Ancoli-Israel S. Diagnostic tools for REM sleep behavior disorder. Rev 2012;16:415-429. 12. . Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. J 2018;15:1-7. 13. The AASM manual for the scoring of sleep and associated events: rules, terminology and technical specifications: version 2. 3. Darien: of Sleep Medicine, 2016. 14. . Diagnostic approach with quantitative analysis of polysomnography in REM sleep behavior disorder. J 2012;9:46-51. 15. . Quantification of REM sleep without atonia in Korean REM sleep behavior disorder patients: comparison of manual and computer-assisted scoring methods. J 2014;11:50-56. 16. . Measurement of inter-rater reliability in systematic review. Rev 2015;35:44-49. 17. Validation of a polysomnographic score for REM sleep behavior disorder. Sleep 2005;28:993997. 18. Polysomnographic diagnosis of idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder. 2010;25:2044-2051. 19. . Loss of rapid eye movement sleep atonia in patients with REM sleep behavioral disorder, narcolepsy, and isolated loss of REM atonia. J Med 2013;9:1039-1048. 20. . Quantitative EMG criteria for diagnosing idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder. 2015;19:685-691. 21. . The rapid-eye-movement sleep behavior disorder in Chinese-Taiwanese patients. Neurosci 2009;63:557-562. 22. . EMG variance during polysomnography as an assessment for REM sleep behavior disorder. Sleep 2007;30:1771-1778. 23. . Scoring atonia during normal and pathological rapid eye movement sleep: visual and automatic quantification methods.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: 로그인 📌 최근에 로그인 했어요 카카오 아이디로 로그인 📌 최근에 로그인했어요 네이버 아이디로 로그인 📌 최근에 로그인 했어요 구글 아이디로 로그인 📌 최근에 로그인 했어요 애플 아이디로 로그인 항목에 로그인 이력이 존재합니다 아이디·비밀번호 찾기 | 회원가입 도서관을 통해 DBpia에 방문하면SNS 로그인이 제한됩니다. DBpia 일반 로그인 하기 왜 제한되나요?

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Biophilic design incorporates natural elements, such as plants and water features, into buildings to improve well-being. [SEP] Text: WELL features parallel either directly or indirectly with the 14 Patterns of [3], [4]. In this study, LEED v4 ND+C and for new construction, and LBC 3. 1 were compared to WELL v1 in terms of their contributions to building occupant health and well-being. The aim is to provide leading guidelines to shift the GBRTs towards a more human-centred biophilic approach. It is noteworthy that the literature review is dispersed across different sections of the paper, reflecting the uniqueness of our materials and the interdisciplinary nature of the study. This approach allows for a more comprehensive exploration of the topic and facilitates the integration of diverse perspectives into the analysis. 2. aim of this paper was twofold: (a) find out whether certified are also Biophilic, hence they benefit and promote occupants’ health and wellness. (b) assessing the alignment between WELL featuring biophilic design patterns and the three well-known GBRTs (i. e. , and LBC) to reshape the future built environment. We used the data secured from the official technical manuals and homepages of the certification organizations. We analysed the GBRTs’ attributes linked to indoor environmental quality and conducted a thorough review of a series of crosswalks and alignments documents. These newly released documents are intended to identify synergies between WELL and other green-related building standards. These documents streamline efforts for projects pursuing a dual rating by identifying areas where the criteria are considered equivalent and aligned with credits of the appropriate rating tool. The review process for the crosswalks guides included several steps. First, we interpreted the descriptions provided for each level of equivalency or overlap among the rating systems. Then, we assigned weights to each level of equivalency fulfilled. These weights ranged from one to three, with one representing a low level of equivalency and three representing a high level of equivalency. The weighted scores were summed to obtain the overall score of each level of overlap/equivalency in each GRBT with WELL building standard as well as the degree of achievements of alignments for each of the seven (7) concepts of WELL. The study ended by deriving conclusions on the level of compliance of the selected GBRTs and the correlations among them. The most recent edition of the WELL Standard (WELL v2) was released in 2020, however not all the documentation was fully ready.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable devices can adjust sleep cycles without any lifestyle or environmental changes. [SEP] Text: “Having a core set of measures that you think you can consistently get completed in the real environment, and then allowing you to scale up to larger sample sizes so you can really appreciate and understand that heterogeneity across individuals, is probably going to be more useful than what we’ve been doing the last 20 years,” Frazier says. “I’m glad that people are actually coming up with real solutions,” he adds. “We’ve been waiting for this for a decade or so. ” Dreem sleep During the day, our experiences accumulate in our memory, and at night, they are consolidated while we sleep. This consolidation is mediated by sleep spindles generated in the thalamus, slow waves that propagate from the cortex and ripples that radiate from the hippocampus, says Dimitrios Mylonas, instructor in psychology and a researcher in Dara Manoach’s lab at Hospital in Boston. “You have a discussion between these different structures of the brain. ” Wave watch: By targeting miscommunication between the thalamus and hippocampus during sleep, aspires to ease core autism traits. Mylonas and his colleagues in the Manoach lab are eavesdropping on this conversation via the Dreem headband, which contains EEG sensors to track sleep architecture and an accelerometer to track a wearer’s respiration, head motion and head position. Their overarching goal is to spot where there’s miscommunication so they can correct it and maybe even ease core autism traits or improve cognition. The crosstalk among sleep oscillations is disrupted in the brains of children with autism, according to a 2022 study Manoach and her team published in Sleep last year. By way of traditional polysomnography, they found altered spindles in the autistic children compared with their neurotypical peers, indicating some difference in the circuit that unites the thalamus and cortex. Now they plan to use the Dreem to dig deeper, and they have received funding from the Foundation’s new profound autism grant and the Simons Foundation. (Foundation is Spectrum’s parent organization. ) Because the thalamus’ spiky spindles appeared to be muted in autistic children, the researchers want to tweak these fast oscillations, Mylonas says. “These sleep spindles are amenable to be modulated.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: 도서관을 통해 방문하는 경우 URL이 달라져 kakao/google/naver 정책상 SNS로그인을 할 수 없습니다. SNS 계정을 사용하고 싶으시다면 DBpia로 직접 방문하여 로그인하세요. 닫기 리뷰 신고하기 이 리뷰를 신고하시는 이유를 알려주세요. 취소 확인 논문의 판례정보 판례번호 서울중앙지방법원 2006. 8. 11. 선고 2006고합177 판결 [통신비밀보호법위반] [각공2006. 9. 10.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Biophilic design incorporates natural elements, such as plants and water features, into buildings to improve well-being. [SEP] Text: The identified main features plus other complementary features for Innovation are designed to target a certain area of the occupant's health, comfort, or knowledge. Every single feature is subdivided into parts tailored to fit specific building types such as retail, multifamily residential, education, restaurant, and commercial kitchen. [18], [19]. 4. stated earlier in the introduction, biophilia —the love of life or living things— is a natural and intuitive drive-in human. Incorporating biophilia into GBRTs promotes health and well-being. Biophilia is nestled in the WELL building standard with more definitive metrics than other GBRTs [3]. For example, WELL Feature 89 “Biophilia I–Qualitative” is a required precondition for the certification, and Feature 100 “Biophilia II–Quantitative” is an optimization (Ryan, 2017). Almost all 14 patterns of are addressed either directly or indirectly through the seven concepts and related performance metrics of WELL, as presented in Figure 1. Therefore, in this study, the WELL standard is used as a benchmark to compare the other three GBRTs. LEED V4 ND+C and for new construction, and LBC 3. 1 are compared to WELL in terms of common features addressed in these GBRTs. The aim is to examine their contributions to improve the health and wellness of building occupants and users. Figure 2 traces the progression of biophilic design, alongside the advancement of the chosen GBRTs. 5. term “sustainability” refers to this form of development that can take place without harming the environment, maintaining, and enhancing what we have now for future generations. In consequence, WELL and other GBRTs collaborate to ensure that our built environment achieves better energy performance and consumes fewer resources for a brighter and more sustainable future, while also promoting improved human health. Many organizations are investing in holistic health and well-being programs as they lead to a more productive workforce and increased employee engagement. For that reason, WELL is undoubtedly becoming a benchmark for wellness and health in the workplace. It is designed to work in tandem with the the Challenge, and other globe green building standards. (WBI) with the collaboration of many green building organizations such as the U. S. Council (USGBC), Certification Inc.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable devices can adjust sleep cycles without any lifestyle or environmental changes. [SEP] Text: ” Dreem team: Dara Manoach, center, discusses results with team members Mylonas (left) and (right). To start, they plan to use immediate feedback from the Dreem’s EEG readout to conduct the chorus of sleep oscillations by way of closed loop auditory stimulation. Such auditory stimulation accelerated slow oscillations in non-autistic people, and the magnitude of oscillation change correlated with memory improvements in the participants in one 2018 study. The 2022 Sleep study set them on this path but was limited by a small sample size, Mylonas says. Moving forward, home-based wearables should not only expand the possible number of participants, but also make the results more “ecologically valid,” he says — allowing researchers to observe the sleep oscillations of people sleeping in their own beds. Night watch Smartwatches may also help researchers better understand the link between autism and sleep difficulties. The relationship has been widely reported, but its direction — whether poor sleep contributes to any autism-linked traits or vice versa — remains unclear, says Ilan Dinstein, associate professor of psychology at Ben-of the Negev in Israel. Smartwatch option: The EmbracePlus gives researchers access to the raw data it collects. Past research has suggested that sleep is important for cognitive abilities. But when he and his colleagues ran a study of the relationship between autism traits and poor sleep in autistic children, they found that sensory sensitivities and irritability were more strongly tied to disturbed sleep than were cognitive ability or core autism traits. “I was really surprised by this,” Dinstein says. The study assessed children’s sleep habits using parent reports, which are subjective measures, so Dinstein and his colleagues sought a more objective way to evaluate different sleep parameters. They turned to actigraphy monitors — wearable devices, such as Fitbits, that track a person’s movements. The monitors are small and can be worn on a wrist or ankle, or even taped to another body part, making them ideal for continuously tracking movement and establishing a person’s circadian rhythms, Dinstein says. But standard actigraphy monitors can provide only a rough snapshot of sleep duration and awake periods; for example, they cannot reliably identify when a person first falls asleep, he says. “The limitation is that you could be inactive for multiple reasons, and not necessarily because you’re sleeping.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: (37),2016] 판결요지 피고인이 트럭을 도로의 중앙선 위에 왼쪽 바깥 바퀴가 걸친 상태로 운행하던 중 피해자가 승용차를 운전하여 피고인이 진행하던 차선으로 달려오다가 급히 자기 차선으로 들어가면서 피고인이 운전하던 트럭과 교행할 무렵 다시 피고인의 차선으로 들어와 그 차량의 왼쪽 앞 부분으로 트럭의 왼쪽 뒷바퀴 부분을 스치듯이 충돌하고 이어서 트럭을 바짝 다시 피고인의 차선으로 들어와 그 차량의 왼쪽 앞 부분으�

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Biophilic design incorporates natural elements, such as plants and water features, into buildings to improve well-being. [SEP] Text: This concept was hard to achieve by all GRBTs. Yet, it was that achieved mostly all the requirements of Water features except only one which is “35_Quality Testing”. This was due to the required testing and scientific analysis needed as part of the procedures, causing extra work and cost added to the project to get the certification. weighted score is 14 while LEED and LBC scored nothing. 7. 7 to WELLv1 Addenda, the Nourishment concept encourages “healthy eating habits by providing occupants with healthier food choices, behavioural cues, and knowledge about nutrient quality” [17]. “Nutrition plays a key role in health maintenance, weight management and chronic disease prevention” [27]. However, adherence to the dietary recommendations in or on the global level is poor. As a result, it came as no surprise that Nourishment was the least attainable of the seven concepts. Only the LBC standard partially met the following feature: “51_Food Production”. 8. put it all together, environmental assessment of buildings is nothing new since the emergence of the first national scheme in 1990 [28]. While LEED and are both point-based systems andbecame the most two widely used green building rating systems across the globe, other standards like LBC took on the challenge to be the stringent rating system in comparison with the first two. In 2017 the LBC introduced a guidebook to help project teams seeking a biophilic project to achieve compliance with “Imperative 09 - Biophilic Environment”. Recently issued, the addresses not only the design and operations of buildings but also how they influence human behaviour and affect health and well-being. The seven categories or concepts of wellness include and Mind. ‘Biophilia’ features are addressed through WELL standard qualitatively as ‘preconditions’ and quantitatively as ‘recommended options’ for the certification. This study aimed to assess the conformity of WELL featuring biophilic design to three well-known Standard Tools: and LBC. The analyses of the overlapping degree and related weighted scores indicated that the common features between WELL standard and LEED equal (32 Fs); (19) Equivalent, (8) Aligned, and (5) Partial, with a total weighted score of (77) in five common concepts (i. e.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable devices can adjust sleep cycles without any lifestyle or environmental changes. [SEP] Text: There have been some recent efforts to define sleep cycles in an automatic way using machine learning approaches. It could be interesting to mention these in the discussion and highlight their relevance to the general endeavour of automatizing the sleep cycle identification process. In the Discussion of the revised Manuscript, we have added the section on the existing automatic sleep cycle definition algorithms: “Even though recently, there has been a significant surge in sleep analysis incorporating various machine learning techniques and deep neural network architectures, we should stress that this research line mainly focused on the automatic classification of sleep stages and disorders almost ignoring the area of sleep cycles. Here, as a reference method, we used one of the very few available algorithms for sleep cycle detection (Blume & Cajochen, 2021). We found that automatically identified classical sleep cycles only moderately correlated with those detected by human raters (r’s = 0. 3 – 0. 7 in different datasets). These coefficients lay within the range of the coefficients between fractal and classical cycle durations (r = 0. 41 – 0. 55, moderate) and outside the range of the coefficients between classical cycle durations detected by two human scorers (r’s = 0. 7 – 0. 9, strong, 2, Table S8). ” Discussion, section “Fractal and classical cycles comparison”, paragraph 4. Reviewer #2 (Public Review): One weakness of the study, from my perspective, was that the IRASA fits to the data (e. g. the PSD, such as in Figure 1B), were not illustrated. One cannot get a sense of whether or not the algorithm is based entirely on the fractal component or whether the oscillatory component of the PSD also influences the slope calculations. This should be better illustrated, but I assume the fits are quite good. Thank you for this suggestion. In the revised Manuscript, we have added a new figure (Fig. S1 E, 2), illustrating the goodness of fit of the data as assessed by the IRASA method. The cycles detected using IRASA are called fractal cycles. I appreciate the use of a simple term for this, but I am also concerned whether it could be potentially misleading? The term suggests there is something fractal about the cycle, whereas it's really just that the fractal component of the PSD is used to detect the cycle.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: �� 트럭의 왼쪽 뒷바퀴 부분을 전문보기 소속 기관 학교 인증 혹시 재학/재직 중이신가요?

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Biophilic design incorporates natural elements, such as plants and water features, into buildings to improve well-being. [SEP] Text: , Air, Light, Fitness, Mind and Comfort). The common features between WELL standard and equal (42 Fs); (15) Equivalent and (27) Aligned, with a total weighted score of (99) in six common concepts (i. e. , Air, Water, Light, Fitness, Mind and Comfort). Lastly, the common features between WELL standard and LBC equal (25 Fs); (2) Equivalent and (23) Aligned, with a total weighted score of (52) in five common concepts (i. e. , Air, Comfort, Fitness, Nourishment and Mind). The review of available crosswalks addressing the degree of fulfilment of GRBTs credits compared to WELL features (and the reverse) highlighted issues relating to inconsistent terminology. For tackling this problem, the authors introduced adjusted terms and definitions to improve consistency. The terms that might create confusion included: i. Using the same term in different crosswalk documents to designate different levels of fulfilment such as “Partial”. It indicates in LEED that the credit/feature is partially met or may help to meet the corresponding credit/feature. Partial in LBC signifies that while the outputs and/or approaches are similar, there are significant variances in the standards' requirements. ii. Using different terms in different crosswalk documents to designate the same level of fulfilment such as “Equivalent” in LEED and “Complete” in LBC to denote full compliance. Additionally, “Not applicable” in and “Not equivalent” in LBC are used similarly to indicate not addressed features. 9. dominance of certification tools shapes the concept of 'Green' building. However, the extent to which the GRBTs contribute to occupant health and well-being remains unclear. They focus mainly on physiological well-being through the principle of avoidance. The compliance with requirements is determined by quantified measurable outcomes with aggregated scores such as energy and water efficiency. BiophilicDesign, on the contrary, has a more qualitative goal given that human well-being depends on the presence of natural elements in buildings such as greenery and water. Nevertheless, accessing attributes and qualities found in nature is hard to measure, yet the effects are highly visible in the architectural form and appearance. This paper aims to present guidelines for shifting GRBTs towards a more human-centered and biophilic approach.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable devices can adjust sleep cycles without any lifestyle or environmental changes. [SEP] Text: for REM sleep or wake? I cannot agree with this statement as written. Also about "the gradual nature of typical biological processes". Surely the action potential is not gradual and there are many other examples of all-or-none biological events. In the revised Manuscript, we have removed these statements from both Introduction and Discussion. The authors appear to acknowledge a key point, which is that their methods do not discriminate between awake and REM periods. Thus their algorithm essentially detected cycles of slow-wave sleep alternating with wake/REM. Judging by the examples provided this appears to account for both the correspondence between fractal-based and conventional cycles, as well as their disagreements during the early part of the sleep cycle. While this point is acknowledged in the discussion section around L686. I am surprised that the authors then argue against this correspondence on L695. I did not find the "not-a-number" controls to be convincing. No examples were provided of such cycles, and it's hard to understand how positive z-values of the slopes are possible without the presence of some wake unless N1 stages are sufficient to provide a detected cycle (in which case, then the argument still holds except that its alterations between slow-wave sleep and N1 that could be what drives the detection). In the revised Manuscript, we have removed the “NaN analysis” from both Results and Discussion. We have replaced it with the correlation between the difference between the durations of the classical and fractal cycles and proportion of wake after sleep onset. The finding is as follows: “A larger difference between the durations of the classical and fractal cycles was associated with a higher proportion of wake after sleep onset in 3/5 datasets as well as in the merged dataset (2, Table S10). ” Results, section “Fractal cycles and wake after sleep onset”, last two sentences. This is also discussed in Discussion, section “Fractal cycles and age”, paragraph 1, last sentence. To me, it seems important to make clear whether the paper is proposing a different definition of cycles that could be easily detected without considering fractals or spectral slopes, but simply adjusting what one calls the onset/offset of a cycle, or whether there is something fundamentally important about measuring the PSD slope. The paper seems to be suggesting the latter but my sense from the results is that it's rather the former. Thank you for this important comment.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: 소속기관의 DBpia 구독 여부를 확인해 보세요.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Biophilic design incorporates natural elements, such as plants and water features, into buildings to improve well-being. [SEP] Text: The study compares three widely used GRBTs for buildings, namely and LBC, with the WELL rating system, which is the only system that incorporates biophilic design patterns. Matrices were developed based on a comprehensive review of the official technical manuals and all available series of crosswalks and alignments related to the four GRBTs. The overlapping equivalency levels of the (7) concepts of WELL and their related (100) features were identified in and LBC, and then assigned weighted scores. The results of the analyses indicated that: i. GRBTs_ There is a significant opportunity to achieve partial equivalency/ alignment between WELL standard and and LBC, yet full compliance has a low chance. One explanation for this inference is that many of WELL features are based on scientific research and studies that necessitated further particular testing or experimental analyses. Thus, the potential to establish a dual certification process across multiple GRBTs is much harder. LBC rating system has fewer chances to align with WELL because it is contingent upon actual performance comparing to LEED or. Specifically, LBC is much focusing on the ends rather than the means; every single LBC building must achieve net-zero water use and net-zero energy, while LEED and are point-based performance with defined checklists. ii. Biophilic Design_ Biophilia features addressed in are mostly nestled in the “Mind” concept, however, and LBC pay attention to “Air”, “Light”, and “Comfort” more than “Fitness”, “Water”, “Mind”, and “Nourishment”. iii. Synergies_The purpose of crosswalks is to find synergies between WELL and other green building rating systems. It should be highlighted that having consistent wording within the GRBTs crosswalks and alignments is critical. The inconsistency can lead to a lot of misunderstanding since the terms are used to make judgements about whether the requirements have been met. 10 It is imperative to shift current construction trends towards a more comprehensive approach that considers the entire building life cycle and its impact on human health and wellness. -19 pandemic has underscored the importance of understanding the intricate relationships between humans, nature, and the built environment (Karimi, H. , et al. , 2023).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable devices can adjust sleep cycles without any lifestyle or environmental changes. [SEP] Text: Method for Harmonization (MASH): a novel method for harmonizing data from two wearable devices to estimate 24-h sleep–wake cycles access Published: 05 April 2023 Method for Harmonization (MASH): a novel method for harmonizing data from two wearable devices to estimate 24-h sleep–wake cycles Erin E. Dooley1 na1, J. F. Winkles2 na1, Alicia Colvin3, Christopher E. Kline4, Sylvia E. Badon5, Keith M. Diaz6, Carrie A. Karvonen-Gutierrez7, Howard M. Kravitz8, Barbara Sternfeld5, S. Justin Thomas9, Martica H. Hall10 & …Gabriel1 Show authors Journal of Activity, Sedentary and 0. 991 and ActiGraph-only ROC-AUC = 0. 983). After exclusions (partial wear [n = 1285], missing sleep data proceeding activity data [n = 269], and < 60 min sleep [n = 9]), 8560 days were used to show the utility of MASH. Of the 8560 days, 46. 0% had ≥ 1-min disagreement between the devices or used the 1D CNN for sleep estimates. The MASH waking intervals were corrected (median minutes [IQR]: − 27. 0 [− 115. 0, 8. 0]) relative to their pre-harmonization estimates. Most correction (− 18. 0 [− 93. 0, 2. 0] minutes) was due to reducing sedentary behavior. The other waking behaviors were reduced a median (IQR) of − 1. 0 (− 4. 0, 1. 0) minutes. to harmonize concurrently worn hip and wrist devices can minimizes data loss and correct for disagreement between devices, ultimately improving accuracy of 24-h compositions necessary for time-use epidemiology. BackgroundTime-use movement behaviors (e. g. , sleep, sedentary behavior, and physical activity) [1,2,3] are modifiable factors associated with numerous health outcomes and all-cause mortality [4,5,6,7,8]. Wearable accelerometers are used to measure time-use behaviors in free-living settings for a variety of populations [9, 10]. While there are numerous consumer wearables (e. g.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: DBpia와 구독 계약을 맺고 있는 학교, 공공기관, 기업 소속이시면 기관인증을 통해 논문을 이용하실 수 있습니다. 기관인증 후 DBpia 로그인하시면 90일간 인증 상태가 유지됩니다. 정확한 소속 기관명을 클릭해 주세요 ex) 한국대학교, 한국고등학교, 시립도서관, (주)누리자동차 등 소속기관이 없습니다.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Biophilic design incorporates natural elements, such as plants and water features, into buildings to improve well-being. [SEP] Text: Advocating for biophilic design signifies a crucial step toward a sustainable and people-centric future in architecture, rather than merely following a passing trend. Our study highlights the challenge of aligning (GBRTs) that utilize different assessment methods, whether prescriptive or performance based. While both methods aim to meet assessment criteria and achieve scores, they come with their distinct advantages and drawbacks. Crosswalks present a promising strategy to reconcile these differences by identifying areas of equivalence between standards. Development of assessment tools should rigorously and consistently address these issues. Additionally, the adoption of crosswalks and the pursuit of dual-certified buildings can serve not only to promote Responsibility (CSR) but also as effective marketing tools. `this study, the selection of and LBC was primarily based on criteria such as global recognition, widespread adoption, academic interest, and historical development. However, it's worth noting that other sustainability certification systems exist that may offer different perspectives or considerations. Our comparison with WELL was motivated by its alignment with the 14 patterns of biophilic design, which is central to our research focus. While this choice enhances the depth of our analysis, it's essential to recognize that there are other assessment methods and certifications in the field of sustainable design that could offer alternative insights or perspectives. While our research focuses on crosswalk documents aimed at achieving dual certification with the GBRTs under study, it's important to acknowledge that the effectiveness and applicability of these documents may vary in different contexts or projects. Factors such as project scale, location, and stakeholder priorities could influence the outcomes and implementation of dual certification strategies. Future research could focus on several key areas. Firstly, conducting comparative analyses across a wider spectrum of green building standards beyond and LBC could provide insights into different certification systems' strengths and weaknesses. Exploring real-world case studies of projects pursuing dual certification would offer valuable empirical evidence and lessons learned, shedding light on the challenges and opportunities associated with integrating multiple standards. Additionally, investigating stakeholder perspectives, refining methods for measuring biophilic design effectiveness, and evaluating policy implications for integrating biophilia into building standards are crucial avenues for advancing sustainable design practice and policy. acknowledge that this paper is a revised edition of a previous version presented at the & Exhibition on (ICCE) [ August 9-11, 2021], and we express gratitude to the conference organizers for granting permission to publish it openly.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable devices can adjust sleep cycles without any lifestyle or environmental changes. [SEP] Text: , smart watches, fitness monitors) that have the capacity to estimate waking and sleep behaviors, potential issues such as user feedback biases and data extraction limit their research utility [11, 12]. Additionally, consumer device (e. g. , Apple, Fitbit, Garmin) accuracy depends on manufacturer and device type and are liable to algorithm changes that may occur numerous times throughout a study and without notification to investigators, creating unmeasurable noise in the data [13,14,15,16,17]. Research-grade devices (e. g. , ActiGraph, activ) provide substantial flexibility over consumer devices for processing and re-processing of data to achieve current best-practices. However, devices for quantifying 24-h time-use behaviors can be placed on different anatomical locations (e. g. , hip, wrist, thigh) and can be worn for different amounts of time (e. g. , waking only, sleep only, 24 h/day) depending on the primary outcome(s) of interest. For example, researchers only interested in physical activity behaviors may utilize waking hip placements, whereas those interested in sedentary behaviors may want to consider postural positions and therefore need a device with a thigh placement, and those interested in sleep and/or circadian phase may utilize wrist placements [18, 19]. While a single wrist-worn device to capture movement behaviors have become increasingly popular, validity for measuring physical activity across the intensity spectrum against criterion measures (e. g. , indirect calorimetry, doubly labeled water) has a wide range of accuracy (r = 0. 17–0. 93) [20]. This may lead some researchers to implement protocols that have participants switch the device between the hip (during the day) and wrist (at night), potentially increasing participant non-compliance [21], or consider protocols in which participants wear two or more devices concurrently, as in the current study. Other instances when a multiple-device protocol may be necessary include when multiple funded studies are being conducted simultaneously on a single study population, such as independently funded ancillary studies to large prospective cohorts with initial protocols proposing different devices. To reduce participant burden of wearing devices across many weeks of data collection, researchers may need to collaborate on a multiple-device wear protocol occurring over the course of one week, for example. To characterize 24-h sleep–wake compositions for multiple-device protocols, approaches to harmonizing simultaneously collected data from multiple devices are needed.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: 소속기관이 없으시면 DBpia를 구독 중인 주변 공공도서관을 찾아보세요 DBpia 이용하기 로그인 바로가기 소속 기관 학교 인증 혹시 재학/재직 중이신가요? 소속기관의 DBpia 구독 여부를 확인해 보세요. 정확한 소속 기관명을 클릭해 주세요 논문- DBpia를 구독하지 않는 기관입니다. 저희 기관에서 DBpia를 구독하고 싶습니다. 개인적으로 DBpia를 이용하고 싶습니다. 소속 기관 학교 인증 혹시 재학/재직 중이신가요?

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Biophilic design incorporates natural elements, such as plants and water features, into buildings to improve well-being. [SEP] Text: Full size image The BioIoT concept is based on four theoretical premises: Biophilic Design: by incorporating contact with virtual nature elements into everyday tasks, we expect to contribute to the user’s overall well-being; Calm Computing: by presenting substantial amounts of IoT data via a single peripherally noticeable representation, we expect to decrease the information overload and only request the user attention when necessary; Persuasive Technology: by exploring and stimulating the human tendency to perceive devices as social actors, we expect users to interact with the devices as though they were alive. As a result, behavior or attitude promoting greater care about the device can be enforced, ultimately improving its performance; Positive Computing: by designing and developing technology that enhances well-being factors, e. g. , positive emotions, empathy and compassion, we expect to positively affect the users’ psychological welfare. 2. 1 and TechnobiophiliaThe biophilia hypothesis states that humans are attracted to nature and all living processes [6]. Research confirms the human preference for natural environments and shows that our well-being, productivity and creativity greatly improve merely by being in direct contact with nature, e. g. , gardens, parks and nature window view [7]. The contact with nature analogues, e. g. , nature-resembling colors, patterns, materials and art, as well as natural-like light and sounds, also proved to be beneficial [4, 12]. Living in urban environments does not satisfy this human inclination. Efforts have been made to re-design cities, buildings, workplaces and homes to include natural elements. Biophilic design [4] is a method of constructing work and living spaces in a way that fulfils the humans’ fundamental need to connect with nature. The positive effects of biophilic design extend beyond the workers’ well-being and job satisfaction and can be translated into economic advantages for employers since human productivity increases upon contact with nature. Both direct (e. g. , the number of pieces produced and time required for task completion) and indirect metrics (e. g. , illness, absenteeism, staff retention, learning rates, stress levels and fatigue) productivity metrics clearly indicate a remarkable growth, upon which organizations can capitalize [12, 13]. The notion of technobiophilia within the biophilia hypothesis refers to the ‘innate tendency to focus on life and lifelike processes as they appear in technology’ [22].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable devices can adjust sleep cycles without any lifestyle or environmental changes. [SEP] Text: Unfortunately, data collection in naturalistic settings increases the potential for protocol deviations that undermine accuracy. Specifically, missing data due to device malfunction, improper initialization, and/or the participant forgetting to wear one or both devices on one or more days complicates construction of day-night pairings. Another common issue researchers face is that despite being instructed to remove the device assessing waking activity during sleep periods, it is not uncommon for participants to wear these devices longer than necessary (i. e. , to bed), which can inflate estimates of sedentary behavior time. Through this lens, a multiple-device data harmonization process needs to facilitate two types of adjustment when sleep and activity data are joined for 24-h cycle development. First, the frame of reference for a day should be defined as the concatenation of a dynamic sleep–wake interval rather than a constrained period (e. g. , midnight to midnight) that may be utilized when behaviors are viewed separately [18, 22]. Second, harmonization should correct any overlap between monitors if there is behavior categorization disagreement, which may address situations where sleep is incorrectly classified as sedentary behavior or non-wear for one device. The latter could result in inaccuracies due to the device (still) recording after it was removed. Herein, we present the Method for Harmonization (MASH) process, a novel method that harmonizes data from multiple devices to create coherent sleep-activity pairings. MASH is a multiple device (hip and wrist) harmonization method that addresses many of the issues described above including, missing data (e. g. , not wearing one device) or discordant behavior characterization (e. g. , one device characterizes sleep whereas the other device characterizes sedentary behavior), while also accommodating both regular and irregular sleep patterns and minimizing data loss. We detail this method using data from 1285 older women who concurrently wore an ActiGraph accelerometer on the hip and an Actiwatch 2 device on the wrist for up to seven days as part of the Study of Women’s the Nation (SWAN). MethodsParent studyData are from SWAN, an ongoing longitudinal multisite cohort study of women, which has been previously described [23]. Briefly, 3302 women ages 42–52 years (mean age ± standard deviation [SD]: 46. 4 ± 2. 7 years) were recruited from seven geographic sites across the U. S.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: 소속기관의 DBpia 구독 여부를 확인해 보세요. 정확한 소속 기관명을 클릭해 주세요 서울대학교- DBpia 구독 중 입니다 소속 회원 학생 교직원 인증 기관(도서관) 홈페이지를 이용하는 경우 인증 가능합니다 대표 계정 인증 초·중·고, 기업 등의 기관 담당자에게 부여됩니다. 해당 계정은 행정실, 수서실 등에 문의하세요 서울대학교 내부 방문시 자동 기관인증 가능합니다 기관 내부 PC, 와이파이로 접속해보세요!

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Biophilic design incorporates natural elements, such as plants and water features, into buildings to improve well-being. [SEP] Text: Anna is very satisfied: ‘It is much nicer to be informed via the trees than via red lights! And it is gratifying to see the beautiful trees after solving the issue. ’ Study: Scaling the BioIoT conducted a study to validate the participants’ ability to perceive visual changes and fast-changing states on a larger number of IoT devices encoded using the nature- inspired visual language [20, 23]. Following on Healey et al. work on pre-attentive processing of visual features [24], we investigated accomplishing target detection tasks by relying on variations in hue and in form. The former was represented by the foliage color green or red, and for the latter we applied our virtual maple tree model and a palm tree. We developed a factory model composed of 49 IoT machines and a Unity mobile application that randomly-generated states of the machines and overlaid an augmented reality tree next to the machine. Sixteen individuals (12M, 4F) participated in the study, which showed that the BioIoT concept can be applied to a larger number of IoT devices and that changes in the hue and form features are pre-attentively perceived (200 ms or less). 5 DiscussionAs we increasingly engage with IoT technologies it becomes necessary to find new ways to interact with such large amounts of data. The BioIoT concept proposes to communicate sensory information through nature inspired representations. As referred, the BioIoT concept is grounded in four theoretical premises: biophilic design; calm computing; persuasive technology; and positive computing. The biophilic design and calm computing are the base of our concept, which aims to impact positively the wellbeing of the users. In addition, our concept persuades the user to change their behavior. Accordingly with Fogg’s taxonomy persuasive technologies can function as tools, media, or social actors [12]. The BioIoT concept comprehends these three functions. Firstly, it functions as a tool by providing all the necessary information to infer the general state of an IoT device in a single visualization, which allows an earlier detection of issues. For example, if the user notices that the tree foliage density is decreasing, it is likely that there is lack of water in the machine. Therefore the user can act before the lack of water becomes a critical problem. Secondly, it functions as a media by allowing users the opportunity to explore cause-and-effect relationships, e. g.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable devices can adjust sleep cycles without any lifestyle or environmental changes. [SEP] Text: The sleep interval was quantified using the wrist-worn Actiwatch 2 (Philips Respironics, Murrysville, PA) device worn for 24 h/day on the non-dominant wrist. Participants completed a diary and were asked to press an event marker on the watch to indicate when they went to bed with the intention to sleep and when they rose from bed for the final time each day. The sleep diary included questions regarding when they got into bed, the time they tried to go to sleep, the time they woke up for the day, and the time when they rose from bed. was set at 0. 05 g for 3–11 Hz and data were sampled in 60-s epochs. To determine total scored sleep time, the Actiwatch 2 data were processed, evaluated for quality, and scored with the event marker, default sleep detection algorithm (wake threshold: 40 ct/min) [27], and the sleep diary (if available) in Actiware 5. 0. 9 using procedures consistent with the Society of Medicine guidelines [19]. Clock times for sleep onset (beginning of sleep interval) and sleep offset (end of sleep interval) were determined using the start of the first minute (onset) or the last minute (offset) of 10 consecutive minutes of immobility. In addition, all sleep records were visually inspected for quality. Sleep records were removed if there was a Actiwatch malfunction, the Actiwatch was removed prior to sleep (e. g. , non-wear), there was no/poor sleep, or there was < 60 min of total scored sleep. These records are henceforth referred to as ‘valid scored sleep data’. MASH developmentMASH utilizes data from three sources: (1) ActiGraph–count data from Axes 1–3, (2) Actiwatch–lux (white light) and count data, and (3) sleep onset and sleep offset clock times–from the valid scored sleep data corresponding to the beginning (sleep onset) and end (sleep offset) of the primary sleep interval. Harmonizing the sleep and activity data through MASH is a two-tiered approach that addresses two states of data availability. At its core, MASH reconciles the two datasets (i. e.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: 단, 장소에 따라 이용이 제한될 수 있습니다 소속 기관 학교 인증 도서관 홈페이지를 통해서만 이용 가능합니다 도서관 홈페이지 로그인 도서관 바로가기 전자저널, 학술 DB 등의 카테고리로 이동 DBpia(누리미디어) 클릭하여 DBpia 홈페이지 이동 자주묻는 질문 - 소속 회원 학생 교직원 인증 매번 도서관 홈페이지를 통해 들어오기 번거로워요 기관인증된 상태에서 화면 상단의 [로그인]을 클릭하여 DBpia에 로그인 하실 경우해당 계정에

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of biophilic design projects aim to reconnect people with nature in urban settings. [SEP] Text: Outdoor physical activity (as opposed to sedentary behaviour) has demonstrated positive effects on mental health. Experimental studies have pointed at added benefits of physical activity in green areas as opposed to indoor or artificial urban areas (Barton et al. 2012). However, cross-sectional and/or epidemiological studies at the neighbourhood scale show unclear results (van den Berg et al. 2019). This is partly due to the difficulty of applying lab-based studies to real-world situations, where other explanatory variables may be influencing outcomes, and the need to take into account other factors such as green space characteristics, location, and other influences on behaviour or p21. 1). However, the benefits of nature explored in typical city or regional-level analyses and policies often lack the specific detail on health outcomes seen in the other three pathways, leaving building-level owners feeling a sense of disconnection between project-level nature-health outcomes and regional goals. Fig. 21. 1Services and constituents of wellbeing. (Adapted from Assessment 2005)Full size image2. 2 and PerformanceTo assess cognitive function and performance, research about the benefits of nature in the workplace can be critically examined in order to guide design interventions. For example, multiple studies have shown improved task performance from access to nature – measured often through cognitive tests and proxies for productivity. These studies have been criticized for not replicating the actual day-to-day tasks of office workers, and there have been very few studies done in situ for office workers. The benefits of improved task performance from better concentration are supported by multiple studies in nature (Choudry et al. 2015; Li et al. 2018). These proxies should not be used alone to prove increased performance; however, if combined with other measures at an individual and organizational level, they can provide a reasonable indication of cognitive function and performance in the workplace. This means that biophilic designers can confidently argue that access to nature can support better concentration and performance for those nearby (Loder 2020). 2. 3 Attributes and Troubles of ImplementationE. O. Wilson (1984) originally proposed the biophilia hypothesis which prompted the modern biophilic design movement. He defined biophilia as the “innately emotional affiliation of human beings to other living organisms. Innate means hereditary and hence part of ultimate human nature” (Wilson 1984: 31). Wilson proposed that people have an innate need to connect with nature and natural processes. S. R.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable devices can adjust sleep cycles without any lifestyle or environmental changes. [SEP] Text: This had led to 24-h public health guidelines released by the Organization [37] and by some countries (e. g. , Australia [38], Canada [39, 40], [41], [42]). Thus, accurate estimation of 24-h sleep–wake cycles, including the contributing behaviors, is paramount. We developed the Method for Harmonization (MASH) to harmonize time-series data from two accelerometers that use two different placements (wrist and hip) to estimate behaviors comprising the 24-h period. This method creates night-day-night pairings rather than constraining data to a fixed time period (e. g. , midnight to midnight). We analyzed an interval of sleep followed by a subsequent waking interval as a 24-h sleep–wake composition. This accounts for the compositional nature of behaviors used in time-use epidemiology [1,2,3]. Developed on a large sample of older women, the findings suggest the MASH approach (1) minimized data loss due to missing sleep data and (2) improve precision of 24-h sleep–wake compositions. Together, these findings support the utility of MASH to harmonize sleep–wake data obtained from two devices and correct these data, as needed, to more precisely estimate time-use movement behaviors for further analysis. Physical activity and sleep have largely been separate disciplines, with each preferring certain devices and anatomical placement for field-based data collection. For measuring waking activities, specifically time spent within intensity categories, triaxial accelerometer placement is most accurate at the hip [43, 44]. However, for sleep detection, reliable accelerometry measurement occurs on the wrist [19, 45, 46]. Findings from Full and colleagues suggest estimates of sleep duration using an ActiGraph worn on the hip were significantly higher from polysomnography (PSG), overestimating total sleep time by 37. 8 (SD = 61. 3) min [47]. This could be the reason the majority of corrections attributed to MASH were to fix instances where sleep was coded as sedentary behavior. Further, total volume of physical activity measured by wrist-worn devices (e. g. , Actiwatch 2) have a weak correlation (r = 0. 26) with hip-worn devices and thus are not favorable for measuring physical activity [48]. Overestimation of sedentary behavior and underestimation of sleep can have detrimental effects to outcomes research.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: 기관인증 상태가 90일간 유지되게 됩니다.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of biophilic design projects aim to reconnect people with nature in urban settings. [SEP] Text: Kellert and E. O. Wilson then applied this concept to the built environment (1993). The idea went beyond just working with a green and plant-like environmen t. It was initially operationalized in Kellert’s proposed attributes for biophilic design (2008), where he introduced key dimensions, elements, and attributes of biophilic design. As two main dimensions, the author identified organic/naturalistic and place-based/vernacular. Organic dimension refers to “shapes and forms in the built environment that directly, indirectly, or symbolically reflect the inherent human affinity for nature” (Kellert 2008: 5). Vernacular dimension refers to “buildings and landscapes that connect to the culture and ecology of a locality or geographic area” (Kellert 2008: 6). points out, this latter dimension includes a sense or a spirit of place. Further classification goes to 6 main elements, which then break out into more than 70 biophilic design attributes. These attributes are as simple and straight forward as presence of water, air, sunlight, plants, and animals, but also, there are more complex ones – sensory variability, information richness, exploration and discovery, or geographic, historic, ecological, and cultural connection to place. Importantly biophilic designers need to understand that the environment can be an atmosphere, a process, or an experience. If architecture is not atmospheric and does not generate a sense of place, then it is lifeless. Recognition of atmospheres, ambiances energies, mediation, experiences are considerations of biophilic design and are important if we want biophilic design to be meaningful and a feel-good lived experience. The ambiance or atmosphere of a room or an urban space is the overall feeling and tuning of the experience. It is a non-material or peripheral experience that tunes our minds in a specific way. We feel atmospheres immediately and without being conscious of the process. The final target of the design is not the physical building but its impact as a lived experience. (Pallasmaa 2018: 2, 3) Within Kellert’s theory, defined elements and attributes are open to revision, while others are improvable over time. There have been some further revisions to Kellert’s work, an example of which is Green’s 14 Patterns of – and Well-Being in the.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable devices can adjust sleep cycles without any lifestyle or environmental changes. [SEP] Text: AbstractThe rise of wearable technology has led to EEG-based sleep monitoring devices that use electrodes placed on the forehead, ear, or neck. These devices offer promising applications in clinical and healthy populations by comparing sleep patterns, monitoring intervention responses, and examining the relationship between sleep and lifestyle factors. Despite their potential, challenges like validation against polysomnography, regulatory hurdles, data privacy, and usability hinder clinical adoption. This review explores these devices, their applications, and integration challenges in clinical practice. Similar content being viewed by others Accurate whole-night sleep monitoring with dry-contact ear-EEG 2. Polysomnography (PSG) has been the gold standard for clinical sleep monitoring and diagnostics, capturing a variety of physiological responses, including electroencephalogram (EEG), electrooculogram (EOG), and electromyogram (EMG) activity, as well as breathing effort, airflow, pulse, and blood oxygen saturation3. Despite PSG’s reliability in recording sleep patterns, it has several limitations. PSG studies are expensive and time-consuming, requiring trained professionals for setup and data scoring. Sleep stages (wake, sleep stages 1 (N1), 2 (N2), 3 (N3), and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep) are manually annotated by experts in 30-second epochs according to the of Sleep Medicine’s guidelines3. N1 and N2 stages are often combined as light sleep, and N3 is referred to as deep sleep. This manual scoring suffers from low inter-rater reliability, with an average agreement of 82. 6%4 or κ = 0. 765, decreasing even further in patients with sleep pathologies4. The stage-specific agreement has shown to be even lower, with N1 demonstrating only fair agreement between scorers (κ = 0. 24)5. Furthermore, PSG may not accurately represent a patient’s typical sleep. The unfamiliar clinical settings can cause stress, and one-night recordings do not account for intra-individual night-to-night variabilities. Wearables and nearables are increasingly being used for sleep monitoring6,7,8,9,10,11. While nearables offer non-contact methods to monitor sleep, wearables provide more detailed and accurate sleep data12.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: 따라서 기관 외부 어디서든 DBpia 개인계정 로그인 하시면일정 기간 동안 해당 기관의 구독 자료를 바로 이용 가능합니다. 단, 기관에 따라 내부에서만 이용가능할 수 있습니다. SNS 로그인을 사용할 수 있는 방법은 없나요? 도서관 사이트에서 기관인증하여 DBpia 사이트로 이동하신 경우에는NAVER(네이버) · Google(구글) · Kakao(카카오)의 정책으로 인하여 SNS로그인이 불가합니다. 이에 DBpia 회원가입 후 이용하셔야합니다.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of biophilic design projects aim to reconnect people with nature in urban settings. [SEP] Text: The approach the firm took to site the building aligns with biophilia in understanding the existing environment and surrounding context, including both the geography and man-made structures. It also integrates sustainable design features like solar panels and recycled building materials. certification represents the University’s sustainability mission and commitment which is “protecting the environment, health, and well-being of our employees, customers and the global communities where we operate”, according to the plaque in the lobby. This further connects to the long term of goal of biophilia to be restorative in all manners (Derr and Kellert 2013). This facility is 120,000-square-feet with two joined wings at a central atrium. This layout is an example of the attribute linked series and chains. Looking only at the atrium, there is a prominent staircase that encourages moving and fitness that also represents the attribute exploration/discovery. The west-facing two-storey curtain wall provides ample natural light and spaciousness. It has a view to the outside wetland (views and vistas) and Cairn, a sculpture by. There is also a nice play of light from the artificial linear recessed downlights and the sunlight reflecting off the flooring (reflected light). The two-tone flooring continues to the outside and creates a nice continuity that represents inside-outside. These are a few of the attributes included (Fig. 21. 3). Fig. 21. 3Elements and attributes of biophilic interior design included in lobby, based on the Design Matrix. Starred items are strongly present. (Images shown help illustrate the overall context. Photos by Beth McGee et al. 2019)Full size imageThis space has a variety of biophilic attributes that are supported by a thoughtful application of features. During testing of the recent Matrix revision, this space did receive comments from experienced design practitioners that the space seemed very cold and not optimally biophilic. It appears that although a design may do a great job in adding direct visual connection with nature and a few strong nature-based features, this may not fulfil all the experiential components required for biophilia. Using a higher variety of design attributes may be more successful in eliciting connections to nature, which aligns with the idea that our innate need to connect with nature would require variety similar to natural environments that are rich with sensory feedback.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable devices can adjust sleep cycles without any lifestyle or environmental changes. [SEP] Text: Unlike other sleep-monitoring wearbles, EEG-based devices closely mimic the EEG component of PSG, making them highly relevant for precise sleep monitoring. In the past decade, advancements in wearable technologies have given rise to new types of sleep staging devices that use forehead, ear, or neck electrodes to acquire EEG data. These user-friendly and cost-effective devices can potentially offer a viable alternative to PSG, facilitating long-term, home-based sleep monitoring without the need for expert oversight. However, their integration into clinical practice is still in its infancy, largely due to the limited evidence of validations against PSG, regulatory constraints, data privacy and security concerns, and usability and availability issues. While previous reviews6,7,8,9,10,11 have provided comprehensive overviews of wearable sensors in sleep monitoring, they typically cover a broad range of devices, including wrist-worn, ring-based, and other non-EEG-based wearables. However, these reviews often only touch upon EEG-based devices as part of a larger discussion. This review differentiates itself by specifically focusing on EEG-based wearable sleep monitoring devices, delving deeper into their unique challenges and advantages. We provide a detailed examination of validation studies, regulatory considerations, and specific applications of EEG-based devices in both clinical and healthy populations. Additionally, this review highlights distinct issues related to data privacy and security, usability, and the challenges hindering their wide adoption in clinical practice, along with potential strategies to mitigate these obstacles. By narrowing our focus to EEG-based devices, we aim to provide a more targeted analysis that can better inform the development, adoption, and future direction of these specific technologies in sleep monitoring. EEG-based wearable sleep tracking devicesThe performance of EEG-based sleep tracking devices is often evaluated using Cohen’s kappa (κ) values, which measure the agreement between two hypnograms (e. g. , specialist vs. device) while accounting for agreements that occur by chance. It is calculated as κ = (pj-pe)/(1-pe), where pj is the scorer accuracy, and pe is the baseline accuracy. Kappa values less than 0. 00 indicate poor agreement, 0. 00–0. 20 slight agreement, 0. 21–0. 40 fair agreement, 0. 41–0. 60 moderate agreement, 0. 61–0. 80 substantial agreement, and over 0. 80 excellent agreement13.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: SNS 로그인과 기관 인증을 함께 이용하고 싶으신 경우에는 기관 내부에서 이용 부탁드립니다.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of biophilic design projects aim to reconnect people with nature in urban settings. [SEP] Text: Looking at the six main elements and seeing how one can use features from each element to further deliver more variety can be a stronger biophilic strategy for designers in eliciting preference as greater variety appears to support increased preference for a space. The wider variety of items used in the interior, when also thoughtfully applied, theoretically make the interior feel more like a nature-based environment. This seems to fit the biophilia hypothesis. Given the fluid nature of biophilic design, this codification can help link the more abstract elements of biophilia with design guidelines. Combined with data on the benefits of access to nature outlined above, this example provides a hybrid approach to translate research to practise effectively. 3. 3 Oslo, Norway. The Blue-Green City: A Conscious ChoiceLooking next to the city scale, the translation of biophilic design interventions for human health and well-being is found in the City of Oslo. of Oslo, in Norway, spans 454 km2 and consists of 32% built-up areas, 60% forests, 2% agricultural land, and 6% freshwater. The city is situated at the end of the and is surrounded by water and islands to the south and forests to the north and east. Ten main rivers run through the urban areas (2019). Since the end of the nineteenth century, the City of Oslo has invested in its blue-green infrastructure, acquiring several forests and islands surrounding the city in order to provide its citizens with recreational areas and to secure potable water. As a result, large tracts of forests surround two-thirds of the urban areas, and drinking water is sourced from lakes within the city ’s borders. Ninety-four per cent of the Oslo inhabitants live within 300 m of a blue-green area. Biophilic planning and design principles (Box 21. 1) – following Oslo official plans – led to the construction of parks and gardens, as well as of 220 km of greenways and footpaths that contribute to easy access to nature, and sustainable transportation in the city while providing ecological corridors for plants and animals. Box 21.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable devices can adjust sleep cycles without any lifestyle or environmental changes. [SEP] Text: While devices’ overall performance and agreement with the gold standard are often reported using Cohen’s kappa and/or accuracies, the evaluation of sleep-stage-specific performance frequently relies on sensitivity and specificity metrics, as they provide a clearer understanding of the device's ability to detect specific sleep stages14. ForeheadWearable EEG-based devices utilizing forehead electrodes have demonstrated varying degrees of success in sleep staging and monitoring. A common type of wearable EEG measurement device is a headband, with which electrodes are primarily placed on hair-free facial locations to ensure optimal contact and signal quality. Headbands such as Zeo have shown moderate agreement with PSG (κ = 0. 56) but face challenges in detecting wakefulness and have lower performance in low sleep efficiency sleep15,16,17. headband has shown good similarity with PSG (κ = 0. 75)18. In addition to sleep staging, the Dreem headband has been used to measure sleep position19 and apnea events20, expanding its utility in sleep monitoring. (κ = 0. 63 to 0. 65) and Cognionics (accuracy = 74%) headbands have also demonstrated moderate agreement with PSG but had low agreement (κ = 0. 07) and sensitivities for the N1 stage (sensitivity = 0. 27–0. 32)21,22,23,24. is also used to measure arousals25, sleep position26 and sleep spindles27. Other types of devices utilizing forehead and EOG electrodes include sleep masks, which have demonstrated substantial agreement with PSG (κ = 0. 77 and κ = 0. 79) but also face limitations in accurately measuring N128,29. device has been utilized not only for sleep staging, where it demonstrated a substantial agreement with PSG (κ = 0. 75), but also for measuring arousals30. Neury, a prototype bipolar EEG device, has been used for spike quantification, providing insights into sleep microstructure31. Devices using thin, comfortable, cost-effective electrode sheets while ensuring data quality can offer a comfortable alternative to the existing headband and sleep-mask-type devices. Such devices have shown substantial agreement with PSG (κ = 0. 72 and κ = 0. 70)32,33. Another type of device, the combines actigraphy with EEG. In healthy adults, the device showed a high agreement (κ = 0.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: 이전 소속 기관 학교 인증 대표 계정 인증 대표 계정 아이디 대표 계정 비밀번호 인증 구독 계약시 기관 담당자에게 부여되는 계정입니다 자주묻는 질문 - 대표 계정 인증 대표 계정 부여 기준이 궁금해요 기관인증된 상태에서 화면 상단의 [로그인]을 클릭하여 DBpia에 로그인 하실 경우해당 계정에 기관인증 상태가 90일간 유지되게 됩니다.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of biophilic design projects aim to reconnect people with nature in urban settings. [SEP] Text: 1: Attributes of Direct experience of nature Weather conditions Natural landscape and ecosystems experience of nature Images of nature Simulated natural light and air Naturalistic shapes and forms Evoking nature Information richness Age, change, and patina of time Natural geometries of space and place Prospect and refuge Organized complexity Integration of parts to wholes Transitional spaces Mobility and wayfinding Cultural and ecological attachment to place (Adapted from Kellert and Calabrese 2015) The iceberg, i. e. , the House, conveys concepts of togetherness, joint ownership, and easy and open access for all. Promenade, opened in 2015, is one of Oslo’s newest paths and stretches for 9 km along the waterfront. Parks adjacent to waterways play a central role in Oslo’s action plan for stormwater management by functioning as retention basins during extreme weather events. In order to accommodate its growing population, sites along the waterfront, in the city ’s project – areas like Tjuvholmen, Aker Brygge, Barcode, and Sørenga – have been more recently transformed from shipyards and dry docks into compact densely populated eco-neighbourhoods that combine 9000 new dwellings, 45,000 new workplaces next to shops and restaurants, and more than 50 ha of parks and biophilic public spaces. The bathing water quality is now either good or excellent, and two outdoor public sea baths were opened in 2013 and 2015 (2019) (Fig. 21. 4a. b). Fig. 21. 4(a, b) Elements and attributes of biophilic design in Oslo. (Adapted from Kellert 2008. Photos by Andreucci)Full size imageWorldwide, edible city projects have demonstrated that cultivated urban spaces (e. g. , allotment gardens, edible forest gardens, edible urban forests) can improve social cohesion, healthy ageing, and well-being (Andreucci et al. 2019). Oslo’s horticultural therapy project of Losæter Garden of Senses evolved from grassroots movements and stands out as a biophilic success. Located in Sørenga near the the project has emerged through an organic process that was started by the artist group Futurefarmers in 2011. The project belongs to the programme, an outstanding example of the 2019 Green Capital’s commitment to productive, inclusive, and healing urban landscapes (Andreucci et al. 2019) (Fig. 21.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable devices can adjust sleep cycles without any lifestyle or environmental changes. [SEP] Text: Ear EEG has demonstrated effectiveness in detecting seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy patients and provided moderately high agreement with scalp EEG for sleep staging38,65. In pediatric epilepsy patients with continuous spike-wave of sleep, these devices can provide accurate quantification of spike activity and have been used to monitor responses to corticosteroids, sulthiame, and ketogenic diets31. These findings are consistent with broader research indicating that sleep and epilepsy share a complex bidirectional relationship, where on one hand, seizures and anti-epileptic drugs have found to impact sleep, and on the other hand, sleep pattern changes, such as increased wake after sleep onset, decreased REM, disruptions in the stability of NREM sleep, and sleep oscillations, have been linked to epilepsy66. Sleep disturbances, such as insomnia, poor sleep quality and nightmares, are also prevalent in psychiatric disorders and are associated with the severity of psychiatric symptoms67,68,69. Monitoring sleep in this patient group using Zmachine Insight+ showed fair to good agreement with PSG for most sleep metrics70, suggesting that wearable EEG-based devices could be effectively used for longitudinal monitoring. This could facilitate the development of targeted interventions to improve sleep quality and overall well-being in psychiatric patients. Chronic painEEG-based wearables like the Dreem headband have shown potential for monitoring sleep in chronic pain patients, as preliminary findings indicate patient satisfaction with the device, suggesting its future utility in clinical practice71. Despite the prevalence of sleep problems among this population and their role in developing and maintaining chronic pain, they are often overlooked in routine care72,73. Integrating wearable EEG-based devices could help better understand and address sleep-related issues in chronic pain management. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)Wearable EEG devices have provided valuable insights into sleep disturbances experienced by individuals with PTSD. For instance, data collected using the Cognionics device revealed that PTSD patients have less REM and sleep (0. 1–1 Hz) and more sleep (1–3 Hz) compared to controls74. Additionally, the impact of medications on sleep efficiency and fragmentation was demonstrated in another study using the Cognionics device, with melatonin being associated with more sleep, indicating its potential effectiveness in treating PTSD-related sleep problems75. These findings align with broader research indicating that over 92% of individuals with PTSD report sleep disturbances, including insomnia and nightmares, which significantly impact their overall functioning and quality of life76,77,78.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: 따라서 기관 외부 어디서든 DBpia 개인계정 로그인 하시면일정 기간 동안 해당 기관의 구독 자료를 바로 이용 가능합니다. 단, 기관에 따라 내부에서만 이용가능할 수 있습니다. SNS 로그인을 사용할 수 있는 방법은 없나요? 도서관 사이트에서 기관인증하여 DBpia 사이트로 이동하신 경우에는NAVER(네이버) · Google(구글) · Kakao(카카오)의 정책으로 인하여 SNS로그인이 불가합니다. 이에 DBpia 회원가입 후 이용하셔야합니다.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of biophilic design projects aim to reconnect people with nature in urban settings. [SEP] Text: 4a, b). As the Capital 2019, Oslo has taken on an important task, i. e. , to be a role model to other cities. Oslo is small enough to test innovative biophilic solutions. However, Oslo is also big enough for those solutions to be scaled up to larger cities. Oslo’s population is expected to increase 35% by 2040. Population growth demands densification near transport nodes and regeneration of underused areas. In these areas, Oslo is therefore currently implementing biophilic planning guidelines in order to encourage the establishment of new green areas and meet the demand from all residents. 4 Biophilia and Connection to Nature: A forClimate change has been described as: […] the most serious threat to global economic, social and environmental stability in recorded history […] with many […] prevalent human diseases linked to climate fluctuations. (Africa et al. 2019: 2) Some have argued that it is our destruction of natural habitats that helped the current Covid-19 pandemic and that we can expect more zoonotic-originated diseases in the future: There is a single species that is responsible for the Covid-19 pandemic - us. As with the climate and biodiversity crises, recent pandemics are a direct consequence of human activity. (Settele et al. 2020: 1) In figuring out how to address future global emergencies like Covid-19, our connectedness and relationship with nature, and in particular biophilic design, may be key for improving sustainable behaviour and our well-being. Rather than relying on abstract universal ideas of nature to encourage sustainable behaviour, using design and policy at a building, neighbourhood, and city scale to connect our daily lives with nature may encourage connection and make action feel more meaningful. Improving sustainable behaviour might then help address the current climate and disease crisis. For example, while inaction and business as usual has plagued climate change policies, Covid-19 has exposed the connection between climate change and infectious disease, with those who have been exposed to air pollution dying at a higher rate (Wu et al. 2020). Covid-19 has also highlighted the role of nature in mental health and socialization. We have been forced to slow down and pay attention to nearby nature and the role it can play in our mental and physical health.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable devices can adjust sleep cycles without any lifestyle or environmental changes. [SEP] Text: These findings are consistent with broader research showing that sleep impairments are a common comorbidity in OUD and AUD patients91, underscoring the potential of wearable EEG-based devices to improve the management of sleep disturbances in these populations. Sleep disordersEEG-based sleep wearables have demonstrated potential in detecting and monitoring sleep disorders. The Dreem2 headband accurately detects OSA with performance comparable to expert PSG scorers, making it suitable for at-home monitoring20. Profiler is effective in diagnosing sleep bruxism92 and identifying biomarkers for non-REM hypertonia and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), aiding early diagnosis of neurodegenerative conditions93. These findings are particularly relevant given the established links between sleep disturbances, including OSA and central sleep apnea, and severe cardiovascular issues such as hypertension, stroke, arrhythmias, coronary artery disease, and heart failure94,95,96. The relationship between sleep disturbances and cardiovascular diseases highlights the potential of sleep monitoring wearables to provide critical insights and enable timely, effective interventions. Healthy populationsDiet, stress, and chemosensory functionWearable EEG-based sleep monitoring devices have demonstrated the short-term impacts of sleep fluctuations on daily life and well-being. Studies in non-obese participants revealed associations between sleep duration and chemosensory function, with longer sleep being correlated with lower sweet taste preference and better odor identification97,98. Additionally, one night of reduced sleep in non-obese women was linked to increased hunger, tiredness, sleepiness, and food cravings99. These findings align with broader research indicating that poor sleep quality is associated with poor dietary habits, including higher intake of fats and carbohydrates, which can exacerbate sleep disturbances100,101. Furthermore, the EEG-based wearables have shown that changes in sleep measurements can predict next-day stress levels102 and changes in emotional status30, supporting the connection between poor sleep quality and heightened stress levels highlighted in the broader literature103,104,105. Overall, these insights underscore the potential of wearable EEG-based devices to enhance our understanding of the interplay between sleep, diet, and stress, suggesting that improving sleep quality could positively impact dietary habits and stress levels. Sports and exerciseEEG-based sleep monitoring devices have shown promise in sports science research, providing valuable insights into the relationship between exercise, sleep, and neurocognitive health.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: SNS 로그인과 기관 인증을 함께 이용하고 싶으신 경우에는 기관 내부에서 이용 부탁드립니다. 이전 추천논문 함께 읽어보면 좋을 논문 이 논문과 함께 이용한 논문이 없습니다. 더보기 강남대학교 에서 많이 보고 있는 논문 이 논문과 함께 이용한 논문이 없습니다. 더보기 이 논문과 함께 이용한 논문 이 논문과 함께 이용한 논문이 없습니다. 더보기 강남대학교 에서 많이 보는 논문은 다.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of biophilic design projects aim to reconnect people with nature in urban settings. [SEP] Text: Urban parks, or the lack thereof, are making headlines for their role in nurturing quarantined people’s mental and physical health (Surico 2020). Throughout the lockdown, government, regional, and city officials have recognized the importance of space, from country parks to city parks and urban green spaces, as vital for physical and mental well-being. Getting out of buildings, into natural green space walking, or forest bathing has long been recognized as beneficial and a prescribed option for general practitioners. Even observing the ordered complexity of fractals, which are self-similar scales found within nature, can reduce stress. This is a key relief needed during Covid-19. The (re)discovery of the joy and refuge of nature, specifically local nature on doorsteps and in our gardens, has led to newfound delight in fractal minutiae around us and a slowing down of the pace of urban life. This slowed pace may be key to increasing the restorative benefits of nature. Isolation and quarantine have slowed down lives, providing the time to notice, in real time, the unfolding of nature as seasonal changes emerge. This noticing of the otherness of nature and the seasons has been linked to higher concentration and restoration of attention for office workers in downtown central business districts. Consequently, the incorporation of time may be key for successful biophilic design, which can highlight the changing patterns that a building’s non-human aspects create. This may prove to also be key for resilience in current uncertain times. The connectivity with nature from slowing down from Covid-19 has also been balanced with the heightened awareness of social injustice and those who lack access to space, nature, and safety. Access to high-quality urban green space is beginning to be recognized as a public good by many cities, and the unequal access to it has spurred recent urban greening initiatives and been an integral part of updated resiliency plans (Loder 2020). Incorporating some of the work done by cities and research from relational and political ecology work can help to bridge this traditional blindness in biophilia.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable devices can adjust sleep cycles without any lifestyle or environmental changes. [SEP] Text: Although such devices cannot fully replace PSG, they can be feasible for monitoring and detecting sleep disorders in athletes42. A study investigating the effects of exercise on sleep in older adults found increased deep sleep, decreased REM sleep, and increased total EEG power in light and deep sleep following a 12-week aerobic exercise intervention106. These findings support broader research indicating that good sleep quality, which can be enhanced by moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, particularly in older adults107, is crucial for overall health and athletic performance108,109,110. Changes in daily routineWearable EEG-based sleep monitoring devices have been used to study the effects of changes in daily routines and work schedules on sleep. For instance, data collected using the Dreem headband demonstrated alterations in objective sleep measures during COVID-19 lockdowns in France. The largest changes were found in “night owls” whose REM sleep had significantly increased111. Another study used Zmachine Insight+ to monitor night shifts’ effects on anesthesia residents’ sleep and demonstrated that a three-day recovery period is not sufficient for restoring sleep levels after night shifts112. Improving sleepEEG-based wearable devices have demonstrated potential in improving sleep quality and reducing sleep disturbances. For example, the Dreem headband has been shown to be feasible for delivering auditory stimulation during N3 sleep to enhance slow oscillations and improve sleep quality113. Additionally, it has been used to administer acoustic simulations during sleep apnea events to reduce apnea event duration and oxygen desaturation amplitude and duration114. iSleep, an EEG- and audio-based sleep enhancement device, significantly reduced time-to-sleep for individuals with difficulty falling asleep115. Furthermore, a randomized controlled trial demonstrated that providing feedback and guidance on sleep perceptions using wearable devices like Fitbit and EEG headbands can reduce insomnia severity and sleep disturbance, though it did not alter sleep-wake state discrepancies significantly116. -based devices for sleep staging have emerged as a promising solution to enable data-driven approaches in healthcare, promoting personalized and preventive medicine. However, their widespread adoption in clinical practice faces several technical and ethical challenges. Collaboration between various stakeholders, including technology experts, medical professionals, and regulatory bodies, is essential to overcome these barriers. Accuracy and validationDemonstrating clinical validity is crucial for the adoption of wearable EEG-based devices. Recent guidelines by Menghini et al.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: 최근 강남대학교에서 인기 논문이 711회 이용되었습니다. 로그인 후, 강남대학교 인기 논문 TOP20을 확인해 보세요. 로그인하기 최근 많이 이용되는 논문 모바일 수집형 RPG의 사용자 분석 : “쿠키런: 킹덤”을 중심으로 모바일 수집형 RPG의 사용자 분석 : “쿠키런: 킹덤”을 중심으로 모바일 수집형 RPG의 사용자 분석 : “쿠키런: 킹덤”을 중심으로 오늘 하루 그만 보기 장바구니 담기 장바구니에 논문이 담겼습니다.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of biophilic design projects aim to reconnect people with nature in urban settings. [SEP] Text: This kind of evidenced-based biophilic research and practice embraces salutogenic thinking, the medical concept (Antonovsky 1987) that encourages a focus on factors that improve and support human health and well-being rather than on factors that reduce illness (Brown 2016). With the health and well-being of humans intrinsically linked to the health and well-being of the planetary ecosystems, the combination of biophilic and salutogenic design approaches may provide a more holistic framework to link ecosystem, human, and non-human dimensions. Considering that, at a building scale, research attention has tended to focus on threats to health, and a more holistic way of thinking would also be useful to foster health-promoting environments (Loder 2019). On a larger scale, an emerging trend is the Bio-Leadership, i. e. a concept of an ecosystem made of people and projects transforming leadership by working with nature (Roberts 2020). Within the design and policy world, the concept switches from a mechanistic perspective (where the world is seen to function as a machine) to a natural fluid approach. This framework has been used to describe the hoped for next era of our relationship with the environment. This new way of envisioning the nature-human relationship in design and policy aims to nurture a co-evolving mutuality (Mang et al. 2016) and may provide hope for both a more equitable and regenerative future. If combined with work on equitable access to nature, along with evidence on the benefits of access to nature at multiple scales, this large-scale application of biophilic principles can play a part to restore both human and ecological health. 5 Concluding RemarksHuman disconnection with nature has already negatively impacted mental and physical health. Buildings today are often designed, constructed, and operated apart from nature, rather than as a part of nature. Over the last 30 years (since on Environment and Development 1987), sustainable design and construction has been a core element in the built environment, and yet climate and biodiversity indicators have worsened, while the impact of building design and practice on health outcomes is increasingly researched but still remains opaque. Evidence from the last 30 years has shown that contact with nature in general can improve human health, but there are gaps in the application at different scales and a lack of understanding of which research to apply to which situation. Conversely, biophilic design is growing in popularity, but it still suffers from a lack of specificity on research outcomes and variables.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable devices can adjust sleep cycles without any lifestyle or environmental changes. [SEP] Text: emphasize the importance of epoch-by-epoch evaluation when validating sleep trackers against gold standard PSG, which should be considered for accurate validation of new devices14. Even studies achieving the highest accuracies18,38,53 have exhibited lower agreeability measures with PSG than inter-scorer reliability in PSG-based approaches (κ = 0. 76)117, likely due to a lower signal-to-noise ratio in wearables. Manual scoring can improve agreement with PSG data; for instance, Sleep Profiler’s agreement increased from 71. 3% (κ = 0. 63) to 73. 9% (κ = 0. 67) after manual review, demonstrating that current automatic staging of these devices is still not as accurate as human expert analysis23. Several disorders can impact sleep structure, possibly affecting the performance of automatic staging, yet most devices have only been validated against PSG in healthy populations. Evidence in clinical populations is limited (Table 2). Accuracy can also be affected by inter-user variabilities, such as age and sleep hygiene and structure118, as well as intra-user variability and first-night bias. For example, sleep spindles, autonomic activation, and N3 stage have shown the least between-night variability and strongest stability in users, while sleep time duration, REM stage, and sleep efficiency show the lowest stability, suggesting that two-night studies may be necessary for accurate profiling of these metrics23. Improving automatic scoring is crucial for establishing the clinical validity of these devices. However, this task is complicated by the significant variability in interscorer agreement. While the overall interrater reliability of manual PSG scoring indicates substantial agreement (κ = 0. 76), the agreement for specific sleep stages varies considerably: fair for N1 (κ = 0. 24), moderate for N2 and N3 (κ = 0. 57 for both), substantial for REM (κ = 0. 69), and substantial for Wake (κ = 0. 70)5. This variability complicates the validation of automatic scoring systems against PSG standards. Furthermore, this subjectivity inherent in manual scoring can be transferred to trained models when they rely on single-scorer annotations4,117. Interscorer agreeability has also been shown to be lower for scoring the data from EEG-based wearable devices, e. g. , κ = 0. 66 for a wearable device vs.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: 장바구니 보기 논문 계속보기 논문 키워드 분석을 통한 인공지능의 주요 이슈에 관한 고찰 : 사회과학 분야의 KCI 등재학술지를 중심으로 닫기 페이지로 구성된 논문입니다. 구매 후 전체 페이지를 이용하세요. 구독하기 논문보기 원 무료 구매하기 논문보기+다운받기 원 DBpia 모바일에서는 로그인하면 1일 2회 논문 열람이 무료 구매하기 닫기 소속되어 있는 기관에서 DBpia를 구독 중이라면 무료로 이용 가능합니다.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of cities will adopt biophilic design principles, leading to urban environments that resemble forests. [SEP] Text: Σχετικές εγγραφές (με βάση τις επισκέψεις των χρηστών) Περιβαλλοντικός αστικός σχεδιασμός και βιοκλιματική ανάπλαση των ελληνικών πόλεων Αξιολόγηση της επίδρασης των παραμέτρων σχεδιασμού στη διαμόρφωση του μικροκλίματος των αστικών υπαίθριων χώρων και στις συνθήκες θερμι. . .

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Wearable devices can adjust sleep cycles without any lifestyle or environmental changes. [SEP] Text: In Germany, a fast-track process for low-risk medical devices, including wearables, was introduced in the Care Act. These digital health applications, referred to as DiGA, are intended for direct patient use and can be prescribed by physicians or psychotherapists in primary care settings129. Behavioral change in cliniciansMaintaining behavioral change in clinicians is crucial for the successful integration of EEG-based wearable devices in clinical practice. Clinicians are often hesitant to adopt new technologies for various reasons, such as unfamiliarity, concerns about data privacy, and compatibility with existing clinical systems. Addressing these concerns requires a comprehensive approach that focuses on easing the transition for clinicians. First, seamless interoperability between wearables and existing hospital systems must be ensured without compromising patient privacy or data accessibility. Second, a strong body of clinical evidence demonstrating the benefits and safety of wearable EEG-based devices is needed to increase patient and clinician trust. Finally, comprehensive training and ongoing support must be provided for clinicians, incorporating structured learning modules about wearables and their clinical applications. UsabilityUsability remains a significant challenge for wearable EEG-based devices, particularly in terms of comfort and impact on perceived sleep quality. A study by Mikkelsen et al. (2019)37 that utilized in-ear EEG devices revealed that 85% of participants rated their sleep quality as bad or bearable on the first night, and 75% of participants reported the comfort of the earplugs as bad or bearable on the first night. Only 10% of participants indicated that the earplugs did not negatively impact their sleep at all during the first night of recording18. To ensure wider uptake and consistent usage of these devices, it is vital to address issues related to user experience. Manufacturers should prioritize improving designs by, for example, making them lighter, incorporating soft, breathable textiles in headbands, and utilizing ergonomic designs that better conform to users’ head and ear shapes. Additionally, ensuring that devices are easy to apply correctly, as well as offering clear instructions and support, can further enhance the user experience. By focusing on improving usability, manufacturers can make wearable EEG-based devices more appealing to users, ultimately leading to better patient adherence and more high-quality data collection. SubjectivitySubjective sleep assessments are essential for a comprehensive understanding of sleep health, especially in at-home monitoring. These assessments provide insights into perceived sleep quality, complementing objective measures from wearable devices.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: 구독기관 조회하기구독 기관 조회 시, 선택 논문이 해제되니, 장바구니 담기 후 구독 기관을 조회하시길 바랍니다.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Drones are being tested for last-mile delivery services in urban and rural areas. [SEP] Text: is Open Access? is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. It’s based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. As PhD students, we found it difficult to access the research we needed, so we decided to create a new publisher that levels the playing field for scientists across the world. How? By making research easy to access, and puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers. are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including winners and some of the world’s most-cited researchers. Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn 10. 5772/8261 this 1. Choose citation style Select style to clipboard Get citation 2. Choose citation style Select format Bibtex RIS Download citation by From the by Dalal and purchase hard copies of this book, please contact the representative in India: CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt. Ltd. www. cbspd. com | customercare@cbspd. com 1. Choose citation style Select style to clipboard Get citation 2. Choose citation style Select format Bibtex RIS Download citation Impact of this 1. IntroductionThe idea that access to information opens doors to wider economic and social development opportunities is not new. In 1984, the “Report’’ pointed to the fact that the lack of telecommunication infrastructure in developing countries impedes economic growth, but with a scope limited to access to telephones rather than today’s wider concept of Information and (ICTs) access and usage. In 1996, the Union (ITU) initiated a project for the “Right to Communicate’’ aimed at providing access to basic ICTs for all, with motivation to reduce information poverty for developing countries. Thus, during the first on the (WSIS) held in Geneva in December 2003, the ‘Digital Divide’ was defined as the unequal access to ICT. Although this unequal access usually apply to differences between countries (the international digital divide) e. g. comparing developed and developing countries or regions; within countries (the domestic digital divide); and most importantly the divide between rural and urban, well educated or poorly educated populations or poor and rich citizens. Despite the various parameters and selected criteria (e. g.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Wearable devices can adjust sleep cycles without any lifestyle or environmental changes. [SEP] Text: Common methods include sleep diaries, the (PSQI)135, and the Scale (ESS)136. For example, a study comparing single-channel EEG, actigraphy, and sleep diaries in older adults found that while total sleep time agreement was high, it decreased in participants with mild impairment and Alzheimer's, showing that sleep diaries capture different sleep aspects. Integrating subjective assessments with wearable EEG data can provide a more comprehensive view of sleep health, identifying issues that objective measures alone may miss55. Including these assessments in studies and at-home monitoring enhances sleep health understanding and helps tailor interventions. More studies should combine both methods to better capture different aspects of sleep. Clinical practiceAs sleep monitoring devices gain traction, healthcare professionals and policymakers face numerous challenges when integrating these technologies into clinical practice. There are various types of wearables and nearable devices available for sleep monitoring, each offering different advantages and levels of accuracy. Wearable nasal flow devices have proven to be particularly useful for diagnosing disordered breathing-related sleep disorders like OSA, offering diagnostic accuracy comparable to PSG with less invasiveness137,138,139,140. Nearable devices, such as an audio-based system has achieved 87. 00% agreement with PSG in sleep stage classification141, and a contactless breathing monitor has shown high sensitivity for deep and REM sleep (75. 00% and 74. 80%, respectively), but lower sensitivities for light sleep and wake (59. 90% and 57. 10%, respectively), outperforming some wrist-worn devices142. Wrist and finger-based wearables, including devices like and Somfit, are popular for home-based sleep monitoring due to their non-invasiveness. These devices are effective in detecting sleep versus wake states but struggle with specific sleep stage detection (κ = 0. 20–0. 65)143,144,145,146. Overall, EEG-based wearables provide superior accuracy compared to wrist-based devices, which, while offering greater user-friendliness and cost-effectiveness, have lower accuracy in clinical populations. For example, EEG headbands have shown higher accuracy compared to actigraphy for sleep quality parameters147, and the Zmachine has shown higher agreement with PSG compared to Fitbit in psychiatric patients148. Integrating EEG-based wearables into clinical practice is crucial for precise sleep monitoring, especially in clinical populations where accuracy is paramount.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: 선택된 논문() 구매 가능 논문 총 건 구독하기 논문보기 무료 구매하기 논문보기+다운받기 장바구니 담기 구독하기 논문보기 무료 구매하기 논문보기+다운받기 저자정보 Hyun-(University) In-sop Kim (University) 공유하기 URL 복사 인용하기 공지사항바로가기 Close 내보내기 Citeasy 사용 중 인문/사회분야 연구자/학생을 위한한글 사용가능 서지관리프로그램 인용양식 244개 무제한 사용 한글/워드 자동 인용 프로그램 Citeasy 내년에도 계속해서 서지를 추가하고 싶다면?

Output: pass