Input: Claim: Smart fabrics can monitor biometric data like heart rate and temperature. [SEP] Text: 1126/sciadv. abn1772 A horse wearing a smart textile during the continuous monitoring of health conditions © : 10. 1002/adma. 202108021 Eyedrops and ointments that are traditionally used to administer ocular drugs have a very low bioavailability. Less than 5% of eyedrop medication reaches its target, as our eyes are designed to prevent foreign substances from entering. “This means larger or more frequent doses are required,” says Chi Hwan, “which burdens the patient and increases the risk of side effects such as blurred vision and discomfort. ” In response to this, has developed tear-soluble contact lenses equipped with biodegradable nanoneedles that can inject drugs directly into the required location. “When a patient inserts the contact lens, the nanoneedles penetrate the cornea in a minimally-invasive manner and then undergo gradual degradation over the course of several months while providing sustained, painless delivery of ocular drugs,” he explains. “The contact lens itself dissolves in tear fluid within a few minutes. ” These drug delivery contact lenses will be useful for treating chronic ocular diseases, such as glaucoma, as they will provide painless, long-term, sustained drug delivery to the patient’s eye. ? and the team are also designing other wearable biomedical devices. They are integrating electronics (such as heart rate sensors) into fabric textiles, creating fabrics that can monitor health conditions while also retaining their original wearability and breathability. A key condition of these electronic textiles is that they can be worn multiple times and can survive for multiple laundry cycles. These electronic textiles have recently been applied in a wearable biomedical device for horses. The team created a horse blanket containing multiple sensors that continuously monitor the horse’s heart rate, muscle activity and breathing rate. This allows the horse owner to monitor the horse’s health over long periods of time, whether they are galloping through a field or asleep in their stable. ? “My next steps will be to bring the research outcomes out of university and into clinical practice so many people can benefit from using our technologies,” says Chi Hwan. He hopes that, after extensive clinical trials, his wearable biomedical devices will become commercially available, enhancing and advancing the care of patients with a wide range of health conditions. .

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: This type of packaging can decompose in soil within a few weeks or months. [SEP] Text: Individual cores, however, showed variations within the treatments, and the difference between treatments was not statistically significant, as stated above. Overall, the results show that the BD plastic treatments did not produce larger amounts of CO2 than the control (no addition) treatment. Methane production from all sediments, including the control treatment, remained around zero from week 0 to week 15. After week 15, the methane concentration in the PE treatments increased slightly (Fig. 3; more detailed view available in the Supplement, Fig. S4), and in the BD plastics treatment MF-S it was more pronounced. In the control experiment, methane concentrations dipped slightly below the starting concentrations but then increased from week 28 onwards, albeit with large variations between individual sediment cores. Both BD plastic treatments showed large increases in relative amounts of methane from week 20 onwards, although the large variations between individual cores within the treatments lead to large, overlapping error bars. The stabilization of the CO2 concentration and the increase in CH4 concentration in the BD plastics experiments matched time-wise, both occurring from week 15–20 onwards, although the increase in CH4 continued after week 28, when the CO2 concentration in the BD plastic experiments had stabilized. Visualization of the plastic film surfaces after retrieval from the sediments after 40 weeks did not show any clear signs of degradation or biofilm formation on any of the film types (PE, MF-S, MF-R; Fig. S5). DAPI staining showed a low number of microbes on the plastics' surfaces. Both regular and microscopic visualization, of all types of used plastics, showed no variation in appearance between the end and the start of the experiment. 4 biodegradability of BD plastic films depends largely on the match between their composition and the environment. In soils, BD mulch films have been shown to biodegrade successfully (Li et al. , 2014; Sintim et al. , 2020). However, due to this required match between the properties of the material and the in situ conditions for biodegradation, transport of BD mulch films to aquatic environments could result in a buildup of material, as is suggested by our results. The biodegradability of the mulch films investigated in this research is in strong contrast to the biodegradability of these films under previously investigated soil conditions.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Ginseng is known for its potential adaptogenic effects. [SEP] Text: They wished that their review will provide new insights into the understanding of global ginseng clinical trials and identifies potential future perspectives for research and development of ginseng. Lewis et al. 32 at the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of School of stated that due to the growing population of people with cognitive impairment and the lack of effective pharmacotherapeutics, it is prudent for those afflicted or their caregivers to find alternative treatments. They demonstrated that many of these nutrients and phytonutrients may be promising for treating some aspects of cognitive impairment, especially for people afflicted with AD based on clinical trial studies reported between 2000 and 2021 with P. ginseng, Ginkgo biloba, Rhodiola rosea, Withania somnifera, etc. These effects are not completely consistent or ubiquitous across all patient populations or health statuses. They stressed that notably, adverse effects were minimal or nonexistent. One of the most objective and reliable research of P. ginseng (Korean red ginseng, KRG) on blood pressure was carried out by Japanese physicians Yamamoto et al. 33 in Nissei Hospital, Osaka, Japan in 1991. A total of 316 subjects with various etiological background of hypotension (35), diabetes (108), hypertension (74), hyperlipidemia (54) and others were recruited for the trial from 15 different clinics. KRG powder capsule was administered at daily doses of 6 g (211 cases), 2. 7 g–3 g (89 cases), 8–9 g (16 cases) for 2 months in short period case and 5 years in case of longer period, average of 10. 5 months. Among the 74 hypertensive individuals, 51% demonstrated decrease in blood pressure, 43% accounted for no change and 5% increase; among the 207 normotensive subjects, 95% of the individuals demonstrated no change, 3% increase, 2% decrease; among the 35 hypotensive patients 63% revealed no change, 31% elevation and 6% lowered. Considering the data obtained, the study indicated that KRG in general normalized blood pressure. However, KRG increased blood pressure in a small portion of subjects, therefore it is recommended to be aware of this side effect when starting to take KRG if hypertension is of concern. Increase in blood pressure reversed when ingesting ginseng was interrupted without adverse effect. From this report, we can understand that P. ginseng in general modulates and normalizes blood pressure.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Smart fabrics can monitor biometric data like heart rate and temperature. [SEP] Text: E-Systems and Networks > Vol. 6 No. 2, June 2017 Validation of a System’s Ability to Rate in under Activities () éphane Hallé Department of Mechanical Engineering, école de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, Canada. DOI: 10. 4236/etsn. 2017. 62002 2,013 Downloads 3,559 Views 0. 5°C; 39% ± 1% relative humidity and 31°C ± 0. 5°C; 60% ± 1% relative humidity). The results from four different statistical methods show a high correlation and an absence of significant differences between the Polar? and Hexoskin systems in monitoring the subjects’ heart rates. wearable biometric shirt can be used to monitor the heart rate of humans in moderate or hot and humid climates under variable physical activities, regardless of their age, weight or height. and Humid Environments, Share and Cite: Al Sayed, C. , Vinches, L. and Hallé, S. (2017) Validation of a System’s Ability to Rate in under Activities. E-Systems and Networks, 6, 19-30. doi: 10. 4236/etsn. 2017. 62002. 1. Introduction Workers, such as miners, who are exposed to hot and humid environments, can suffer from symptoms and diseases related to heat stress [1]. These conditions can increase the risk of work accidents and even lead to death. Personal cooling garments can be worn [2] for minimizing heat stress, especially in places where effective air conditioning is not provided. A valid number of researchers have concluded that by controlling the cooling load of these garments, this would improve their efficiency and increase their autonomy [3] [4]. The control can be based on the user’s physiological parameters, such as skin temperature and heart rate. In 2015, Villar et al. [5] validated the ability of a wearable biometric shirt, the Hexoskin [6] to monitor physical parameters during daily activities, such as walking, laying down and standing. The same year, Montes et al. [7] stated that there may be issues concerning the Hexoskin wearable system’s ability to measure and record data in real-life settings after having tested it on ten subjects in trail-hiking conditions. They recommended that the system should be validated before being utilized in real-life scenarios.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: This type of packaging can decompose in soil within a few weeks or months. [SEP] Text: Whereas within several soils substantial degradation of the incorporated BD plastic films was observed (11 %–98 % after 12 months, determined by “percentage of area remaining”; Li et al. , 2014; 12 %–23 % degradation of powdered BD plastics after 28 d, determined by weight loss; Adhikari et al. , 2016), no biodegradation could be observed in our sediment experiments, either based on produced CO2 or from visual analysis by microscopy. Similar conclusions were drawn based on a 100 d marine coastal zone sediment experiment (Nauendorf et al. , 2016), even though biofilm growth on biodegradable plastic bags (composed of biodegradable polyester and corn starch) was observed in that study. Freshwater BD plastic degradation studies are more rare and are focused on biofilm formation rather than on biodegradation rates (Morohoshi et al. , 2018). As observed by Nauendorf et al. (2016), biofilm formation and degradation are not necessarily related. Most marine sediment studies combine a biofilm assessment with visual assessments of degradation but do not quantify the degradation as either respiration or fragmentation. Quantification of degradation percentages based on assessment of the remaining plastics is difficult, as microp1. 0 cm downwards (Fiskal et al. , 2019). The plastics were buried shallowly in the sediments and will, at least partly, have been surrounded by sediments containing dissolved O2 (DO) in our experiments. Although exact DO penetration depths can only be determined with micro-sensors, we can assume initial oxic conditions here based on the natural oxygen penetration depth of these sediments (Fiskal et al. , 2019), the oxygen concentration in the overlying water (±400 µM; Fiskal et al. , 2019), and the disturbance caused by the pushing of the plastics into the sediments, bringing oxygen-rich water into contact with the sediment surrounding the plastic film. After the initial oxic conditions, DO may have become depleted within the originally anoxic sediment depths (> 1 cm) or shallower. Although under oxic conditions microbial growth and substrate turnover is expected to occur more rapidly, earlier research showed similar BD plastic biodegradation rates under oxic and anoxic conditions, despite higher microbial biomass formation on BD plastics under oxic incubation conditions (Nauendorf et al. , 2016).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Ginseng is known for its potential adaptogenic effects. [SEP] Text: Good clinical laboratory practice (GCLP). [Updated 2009]. [15, 2023]. . Organization. WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants. [Updated 1999]. [15, 2023]. . Blumenthal M, Goldberg a, Brinckmann J. Ginseng root. In: Herbal Medicine: E Monographs. : Council; 2000. 177. . Red ginseng monograph. J 2018;42(4):549–561. . Effect of adaptogens on the activity of the pituitary-adrenocortical system in rats. 1986;101(5):573–574. . Side effects of ginseng: facts or conjectures? Pharm 1989;12(2):46–53. . Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer). Phytother 1991;2:3–14. . . Ginseng leaf-stem: bioactive constituents and pharmacological functions. 2009;4(1):20. CrossMedicines Agency. EMA/HMPC/321232/2012. on Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, Radix. Based on 2014. Commission. (Ph. Eur. ) (11th edition). [Updated 2023]. [15, 2023]. . . Characterization and comparison analysis of WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants and ISO standards of Medica. 2023;29(6):540–548. Findings of Russian literature on the clinical application of Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim. ): a narrative review. J Ethnopharmacol 2021;278:114274. Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim. ) Maxim. (Araliaceae) as an adaptogen: a closer look. J Ethnopharmacol 2000;72(3):345–393. . The adaptogens rhodiola and schizandra modify the response to immobilization stress in rabbits by suppressing the increase of phosphorylated stress-activated protein kinase, nitric oxide and cortisol. Insights 2007;2:39–54. . Adaptogenic properties of six rasayana herbs used in Ayurvedic medicine. 1999;13(4):275–291. -Bahchevanska D, Ivanova S.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Smart fabrics can monitor biometric data like heart rate and temperature. [SEP] Text: wearable shirt has not yet been validated for intense physical activities, such as athletic training [8] and mining tasks. Therefore, this study validated its ability to monitor heart rate during variable physical activities before the Hexoskin wearable shirt to be used for controlling the cooling ability of personal cooling garments. Moreover, the study included twelve male subjects which were firstly tested in a moderate climate (25˚C ± 0. 5˚C; 39˚C ± 1˚C relative humidity) and afterwards in a hot and humid climate (31˚C ± 0. 5˚C; 60% ± 1% relative humidity). 2. Materials and study was designed to validate the Hexoskin wearable biometric shirt’s capacity to monitor heart rate during variable physical activities, ranging from sitting to high-intensity workouts, using a stationary training bicycle. The test procedure was conducted under two different climate conditions. 2. 1. male subjects were recruited for this study. Their physical characteristics appear in Table 1. All subjects were informed about the purpose of the study, the experimental protocol and the risks related to the tests and each person completed a consensus letter before participating. This study was reviewed and approved by the École de Technologie Supérieure (ethical reference code: H20160101). The body mass index was calculated by dividing the weight (in kilograms) by the height squared (in meters) for each subject. 2. 2. All twelve subjects wore biometric shirts suited to their thorax and hip measurements. Beneath the shirt, each participant wore a Polar® H7 heart sensor, which has been used in many monitoring studies for its accuracy to detect and record the heart rate in real time [9] [10]. The sensor was attached to an adjustable strap and connected by Bluetooth to a Polar® M400 watch [11] worn on the subject’s left hand. Each subject’s heart rate data was recorded simultaneously by the Hexoskin wearable biometric shirt and the Polar® M400 watch and then sent to a personal computer after each test. -7020 () was placed inside a climate chamber and used during the tests. Figure 1 shows a subject wearing the Hexoskin biometric shirt, the Polar® H7 heart rate sensor and the Polar® M400 watch. 2. 3. All twelve subjects completed the experimental protocol in two different climate environments.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: This type of packaging can decompose in soil within a few weeks or months. [SEP] Text: The onset of methane production in our incubations, from week 15 onwards, paired with the stabilization of the CO2 concentration suggests that anoxic conditions established after 15 weeks into the experiments. Although the increase in methane concentration in our MF-S and MF-R experiments could suggest enhanced breakdown of the BD plastics, it's timely match to the decrease in CO2 production rather suggests that the respiration of sedimentary carbon, rather than the BD plastics carbon, is being degraded, similarly to the control and PE experiment. It is, however, interesting to note that the BD plastic experiments experienced this oxic–anoxic conversion, whereas the control and PE plastics did not. Within soil experiments, several biotic and abiotic factors affect the extent of biodegradation. As the used BD mulch films are designed to biodegrade in soils, we also consider these factors to compare the biodegradation in the aquatic realm to that of the soils. A first factor would be abiotic fragmentation by to photodegradation, which requires sunlight to reach the plastics. In soils, photodegradation affects the plastics, decreasing their quality and molecular weight (Zhang et al. , 2021). In shallow surface waters, photodegradation may also affect plastic degradation. Our experiments, with sediment cores of 40 m water depth, were performed in the dark, as photodegradation is not relevant at such water depths. For future studies, pre-degradation of plastics by photodegradation, prior to incorporation into the sediment, would be interesting, as further discussed below. Besides photodegradation, Li et al. (2014) identified soil pH, soil temperature, and fungi abundance as potential factors for differences between degradation efficiency between sites. Sander (2019) suggested that nitrogen limitations in soils may affect and limit BD plastic biodegradation, as the N-poor BD plastics solely supply the colonizing microorganisms with carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen-rich compounds and not with nitrogen. Organisms will therefore have to acquire nitrogen from different sources, which, if not sufficiently available, may limit growth and activity of the BD-plastic-colonizing and plastic-degrading organisms. Lopardo et al. (2019) showed that the addition of BD plastics to aquaculture eluent filters can improve nitrogen removal efficiency by providing an N-limited carbon source.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: The therapeutic implication of Aloe vera for diabetes and associated diseases has been scrutinized through a number of scientific study models. Earlier studies from the 1950's to early 1990's showed that Aloe extracts, particularly the inner gel, possess antihyperglycemic effects in diabetic animals [5]. The controversies that arose due to reports of some preparations (in some studies) completely failed to show beneficial effects have been largely explained by variabilities in the preparation and doses employed and we now seem to have a good set of evidences from animal experiments to demonstrate the hypoglycaemic effect of the plant [6-10]. Beyond its effect on glucose control in animal models, the beneficial effects of Aloe vera in ameliorating the various diabetes-associated abnormalities have been documented in recent years. Among them were improvement of the diabetes-induced liver and kidney damage; its effect to reduce fat/cholesterol level; its antioxidant potential, etc. [11-18]. Variabilities in the data with respect to the degree of efficacy have always been an issue, however, and the lack of one standardized drug preparation that all scientific studies could utilize remains a major problem. A number of clinical trials from the 1980's have also been conducted and in almost all cases, some kind of beneficial effects that have been observed in animal studies, but most importantly a reduction in blood glucose level, have been documented [5,19-30] Unfortunately, most of the clinical studies on Aloe vera so far have been brutally criticized for their limitations due to heterogeneity of the drug preparations, doses, patient's status (e. g. , uncontrolled dietary and physical state, etc. ), study methodology (blinding, duration of study, etc. ) and the results itself which have been often contradictory (e. g. cholesterol lowering effect). Hence, what has not been shown for Aloe vera is very crucial - Is the observed benefit merit its use as an alternative drug therapy to the known clinically useful drugs? This unfortunately has not been answered and the use of Aloe vera by its own as antidiabetic therapy cannot be advocated from the clinical evidences available so far. For example, a small reduction of blood glucose in short term studies, no matter how statistically significant, does not warrant a plant extract to be used as antidiabetic therapy.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Smart fabrics can monitor biometric data like heart rate and temperature. [SEP] Text: In this first approach, we tried to ascertain whether the changes that occur in the collected data of the first variable (Polar®) affect in a predictable way, the changes that occur in the data collected by the second variable (Hexoskin). This evaluation would also provide an estimation of the highest and lowest percentage of correlation between the two devices, and at which level of exertion or climate condition. A degree of correlation higher than 0. 70 (70%) was considered to be positively correlated and the null hypothesis (equality of means of heart rates reported by the two devices) would not be rejected under this circumstances [13]. Then, the data were analyzed using the Wilks’ lambda test of equality of means [14]. This statistical method checked for any significant differences between the mean values of the collected data (of the 12 subjects) from the two devices, at any level of exertion or under any climate, but without taking into consideration the physical characteristics of the subjects, such as their weight and height. A p-value equal to or less than 0. 05 would indicate a significant difference in the mean values. A third analysis was conducted by using the ANOVA method with repeated data. The physical characteristics of the subjects were considered in order to see if they affected the correlations between the two devices and if any significant differences appeared (p-value ≤ 0. 05). Finally, the linear regressions method with mixed data was used for examining the switching of the devices (from Polar® to Hexoskin and vice-versa) from one level of exertion to the next. The previous switching was checked relevant to exhibiting any significant differences between the data collected by the two devices, by taking into consideration the physical characteristics of the subjects. 3. validity of the Hexoskin wearable biometric system to monitor heart rate was assessed in four different ways using various levels of physical exertion, which were determined by the effort made by the subject during the tests. Table 2 shows the physical effort and each level’s duration. The first step in analyzing the validity of the Hexoskin wearable biometric system was to test whether the variations of the mean values collected by the Hexoskin are predictable using the variations that were captured by the Polar® device. The results are displayed in Table 3 and are associated to the method comparing the degree of correlation. The degree of correlation between the two devices has a minimum of 0. 9162 (91.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: This type of packaging can decompose in soil within a few weeks or months. [SEP] Text: The lack of suitable BD plastic degrading microorganisms is, however, the most likely explanation for the large difference in BD mulch film decomposition between our sediment experiment and previously performed soil experiments. The sediments likely lack microorganisms that produce hydrolytic enzymes (esterases) that can cleave PBAT and PLA, the main polyesters in the BD films used. When specific genes known to be associated to BD plastic degradation are identified in the future, it would be interesting to screen our incubation experiment sediments for those genes to confirm such a hypothesis. 5 types of biodegradable plastic mulch films showed no signs of degradation over a 10-month period within lake surface sediments, suggesting very limited biodegradability in freshwater sediment environments. These findings stress the importance of limiting the transport of plastics from agricultural soils to waterways – not only for traditional plastics but also for soil-biodegradable plastics. Given that these plastics are designed to remain in the soil rather than to be removed after use, they remain present in the natural environment until complete degradation. The extent of the transport of BD mulch films from soils to waterways and lakes is up to this point unknown. Our results show that it is of high importance to investigate how much of the applied biodegradable mulch films are transported to aquatic environments to be able to assess the potential pollution of lakes and coastal areas by the current and future applications of biodegradable plastic mulch films. Data availability The data used in this paper are available at (van Grinsven and Schubert, 2023). supplement related to this 10. 5194/bg-20-4213-2023-supplement. Author contributions SvG designed the experiments with help from CS. SvG conducted the experiments and laboratory analyses. SvG wrote the manuscript, with assistance from CS. Competing interests The contact author has declared that neither of the authors has any competing interests. Disclaimer Publisher's note: remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims made in the text, published maps, institutional affiliations, or any other geographical representation in this paper. Publications makes every effort to include appropriate place names, the final responsibility lies with the authors. want to thank for his valuable contributions to the paper and for providing the biodegradable plastic mulch films. We thank for the help in the lab and field, as well as for the help with the incubation experiments.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: On the other hand, such effect could have additive effect when used together with prescription drugs and endanger a diabetic patient due to acute hypoglycemia. A large scale, well-controlled, long-term and multicentre clinical trials on universally accepted standardised Aloe vera preparation is thus needed to answer this question. Recent meta-analysis studies [31-33] also came with the conclusion that only a well-designed comprehensive clinical study would be able to unequivocally confirm the antidiabetic clinical potential of Aloe vera. In the meantime, organizations like Diabetes UK with responsibility in disseminating accurate information to the general public should be a little more cautious when listing available antidiabetic drug therapies and their sources. While visiting some local sources of Aloe vera products recommended by Diabetes UK, I could not see anything of relevance to diabetes at 'Shop' (only skin care products of Aloe vera were on display) while the 'Holland & Barrett' appeared to have a good range of products (Figure 1). None of them are of course sold as medicine or specific therapy for diabetes but are formulated/stabilised products in capsule, tablet or juice forms with most of them seem to be targeting the gastrointestinal system. They contain aloe leaf inner gel or whole leaf extract or both while some contain a blend of several other plant extracts. The biggest source of controversy in using such products for chronic disease like diabetes will arise from the diversity of preparations and composition of active ingredients in these products - hence giving rise to variability in their health benefit outcomes. Even if the observed, sometimes marginal, antidiabetic effect of Aloe vera warrants its clinical use, one would wonder again which one of these products the general public should choose to treat diabetes. Overall, there are few unresolved issues that weigh against recommending the use of Aloe vera for treating diabetes by its own. Products which are blended or optimised for other health benefits should not be even considered suitable for diabetes therapy until an overwhelming body of scientific evidences are provided in their favour. In the absence of unequivocal clinical evidence available for such formulations, the justification of using these preparations for diabetes far beyond food supplements is based only on judgement on balance of probabilities. Figure 1: Aloe vera products available to the general public at the Holland & Barrett outlet. 1 Conflict of author declares no conflict of interest. financial assistance either from internal of external sources were obtained for this contribution. 0182.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Smart fabrics can monitor biometric data like heart rate and temperature. [SEP] Text: The results of correlations between the Polar® and Hexoskin systems, using the Karl Pearson’s coefficient, show that the two devices are highly similar in terms of performance in measuring heart rates, under the two climate conditions and the eight levels of physical exertion (correlation degrees > 0. 70). The average correlation percentage was almost 99. 8%. This first conclusion is also visible in Figure 3(a) and Figure 3(b) where each diagram (representing the data collected by the Hexoskin and Polar systems during all the tests) clearly shows the overlapping of the two curves. Table 6. Results from the linear regressions with mixed data method. Using the Wilks’ lambda test of equality of means, we found that Hexoskin and Polar® had the same means when the same climate condition was considered. This result remaind valid for each of the eight levels of the experiment. Indeed, in Table 4, the p-values associated with the F test were always superior to 0. 05 which led us not to reject the null hypothesis of equality of means. The results from the ANOVA analysis displayed in Table 5 showed that the two devices did not have significant differences in influencing the variations of heart rates when we checked for the physiological characteristics of each subject and the climatic conditions of the experiment. Indeed, the high p-value associated to the F test of the variance between the two devices (0. 9934) did not allow for the rejection of the null hypothesis of difference’s absence between Polar® and Hexoskin. Even when considering the ages, weights, heights and body mass indexes of all the subjects, the associated p-values were always greater than 0. 05 and were respectively, 0. 4421, 0. 4853, 0. 4781 and 0. 5118. Also, when the mean values were compared under different climates, it was found that there was not significant difference (p-value = 0. 0428), which was expected as the subjects did not have the same heart rates for a same given level, under two different climates [15]. That is why we can clearly understand that the mean values in Figure 3(a) are always lower than those in Figure 3(b) at the same level of exertion (except for minute 23, where they are equal). Based on the results obtained by the linear regressions method with mixed data, the lowest p-value (0.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: This type of packaging can decompose in soil within a few weeks or months. [SEP] Text: , Lasut, M. T. , and Weber, M. : Half-Life of in the Depends on Material, Habitat, and Climate Zone, Front. Mar. Sci. , 8, 1–19, 2021. Morohoshi, T. , Oi, T. , Aiso, H. , Suzuki, T. , Okura, T. , and Sato, S. : Biofilm formation and degradation of commercially available biodegradable plastic films by bacterial consortiums in freshwater environments, Microbes Environ. , 33, 332–335, 2018. Nauendorf, A. , Krause, S. ,. , Wahl, M. , and Treude, T. : Microbial colonization and degradation of polyethylene and biodegradable plastic bags in temperate fine-grained organic-rich marine sediments, Mar. Pollut. Bull. , 103, 168–178, 2016. . , McNeill, K. , and Sander, M. : Quantification of from Films in Soils, Environ. Sci. Technol. , 54, 266–275, 2020.  Ren, S. Y. , Kong, S. F. , and Ni, H. G. : Contribution of mulch film to microplastics in agricultural soil and surface water in China, Environ. Pollut. , 291, 118227, 2021. Sander, M. : Biodegradation of Films in Agricultural Soils: Concepts, Knowledge Gaps, and Directions, Environ. Sci. Technol. , 53, 2304–2315, 2019. Serrano-Ruiz, H. , Martin-Closas, L. , and Pelacho, A. M. : Biodegradable plastic mulches: Impact on the agricultural biotic environment, Sci. Total Environ. , 750, 141228, 2021. . , and Flury, M. : In situ degradation of biodegradable plastic mulch films in compost and agricultural soils, Sci. Total Environ. , 727, 138668, 2020. van Grinsven, S. and Schubert, C. : Soil-biodegradable plastic films do not decompose in a lake sediment over 9 months of incubation, Zenodo [data set], 2023.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: (1996) Antidiabetic activity of Aloe vera L. juice. I. Clinical trial in new cases of diabetes mellitus. Phytomedicine 3: 241-243. (2004) Hypoglycemic effect of Aloe vera gel on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in experimental rats. J 7: 61-66. ütlüpinar N (2001) Effect of Aloe vera leaves on blood glucose level in type I and type II diabetic rat models. 15: 157-161. (2008) Effects of Aloe vera (elsabar) ethanolic extract on blood glucose level in Wistar albino rats. J Res 4: 1841-1845. (2009) Study on the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of processed Aloe vera gel in a mouse model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Phytomedicine 16: 856-863. (2014) Blood glucose lowering activity of aloe based composition, UP780, in alloxan induced insulin dependent mouse diabetes model. Syndr 6: 61. -Inceli M, Can A, et al. (2004) Effect of Aloe vera (L. ) Burm fil. leaf gel. and pulp extracts on kidney in type II diabetic rat model. 42: 48-52. (2004) Effect of Aloe vera leaf gel and pulp extracts on the liver in type-II diabetic rat models. Bull 27: 694-698. (2003) Efficacy of dietary Aloe vera supplementation on hepatic cholesterol and oxidative status in aged rats. J Vitamonol 49: 292-296. (2005) Antioxidant effect of Aloe vera gel extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. 57: 90-96. (2006) Beneficial effects of Aloe vera gel extract on lipid profile status in rats with streptozotocin diabetes. 33: 232-237. Rajasekaran S, (2007) Therapeutic evaluation of Aloe vera leaf gel extract on glycoprotein components in rats with streptozotocin diabetes. J 2: 380-385. (2011) reduces adipogenesis via the activation of AMPK and suppresses obesity-related inflammation in obese mice. 11: 107-113.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Smart fabrics can monitor biometric data like heart rate and temperature. [SEP] Text: 693) associated to the Z tests was also higher than 0. 05, which suggested that there was no significant difference when switching from Polar® to Hexoskin, and from one level of exertion to the next, under the same climate. After adding the physical characteristics of all subjects, we found that the calculated p-values were between 0. 602 and 0. 971 (larger than 0. 05), which led us to the same conclusion as before. No significant differences appeared between Polar® and Hexoskin, when the levels of exertion changed under the same climate, regardless of the weight, age, height or body mass index of the subject. 5. validity of the Hexoskin wearable biometric shirt to monitor heart rate in two different climate conditions and under variable physical activities was analyzed and assessed using four different statistical methods. They all concluded to the absence of significant differences between Polar® and Hexoskin in their respective capacities to record with accuracy of the heart rates for the same climate condition when taking into consideration certain physiological characteristics of the subjects. Finally, we found that the Hexoskin wearable shirt can be used in both moderate and hot and humid climates to monitor the heart rate of any subject, regardless of his age, weight or height. It can also be used by athletes to monitor their heart rates under variable physical activities that range from rest to extreme physical exertion. 356. [2] Al Sayed, C. , Vinches, L. and Hallé, S. (2016) a Garment for Hot and Mining Conditions. of Optimization, 5, 35-43. [3] Cadarette, B. S. , et al. (2006) Cooling during Exercise-in. Ergonomics, 49, 209-219. [4] Vernieuw, C. R. , Stephenson, L. A. and Kolka, M. A. (2007) and Sensation in a Controlled by Skin Temperature. Human Factors: of the 49, 1033-1044. [5] Villar, R. , Beltrame, T. and Hughson, R. L. (2015) Validation of the Vest during Lying, Sitting, Standing, and Walking Activities. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 40, 1019-1024. [6] Technologies, C. Body Metrics. [7] Montes, J. , et al.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: This type of packaging can decompose in soil within a few weeks or months. [SEP] Text: Preprints AbstractDiscussion © Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under the Attribution 4. 0 License. © Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under the Attribution 4. 0 License. Preprints AbstractDiscussionMetrics 04 Apr 2023 | 04 Apr 2023 Soil-biodegradable plastic films do not decompose in a lake sediment over 9 months of incubation Sigrid van Grinsven and Abstract. Agriculture relies heavily on the use of plastic mulch films, which increase crop yields and lower water demands. Research has shown that agricultural mulch film may be transported to aquatic environments. We tested the mineralization of soil-biodegradable agricultural mulch films in freshwater lake sediments. Two types of commercial soil-biodegradable mulch films were incubated within lake sediment cores, and the production of CO2 and CH4 was followed over time. After the 40-week incubation period, films were visually intact and showed no signs of mineralization. Gas analyses showed no additional production of either CO2 or CH4 in the degradable film incubations, compared to control or PE plastic incubations. We conclude that the tested soil-biodegradable mulch films have a low biodegradability in lake sediments, likely reflecting that the lake sediment lacks active microbial degraders. Our results highlight the importance of preventing transport of soil-biodegradable mulch films from agricultural soils to surrounding aquatic environments. How to cite. van Grinsven, S. and Schubert, C. : Soil-biodegradable plastic films do not decompose in a lake sediment over 9 months of incubation, EGUsphere [preprint], 2023. Received: 05 Mar 2023 – Discussion started: 04 Apr 2023 Publisher's note: remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims made in the text, published maps, institutional affiliations, or any other geographical representation in this preprint. The responsibility to include appropriate place names lies with the authors. Download & links Preprint (PDF, 1157 KB) Notice on discussion status The requested preprint has a corresponding peer-reviewed final revised paper. You are encouraged to refer to the final revised version. Preprint (1157 KB) Supplement (2178 KB) Download & links The requested preprint has a corresponding peer-reviewed final revised paper.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: (2012) QDM complex reduces obesity-induced insulin resistance and adipogenesis in obese mice fed a high-fat diet. 12: 96-103. Agarwal OP (1985) Prevention of atheromatous heart disease. Angiology 36: 485-492. Ghannam N, Kingston M, Al- (1986) The antidiabetic activity of aloes: preliminary clinical and experimental observations. 24: 288-294. (1996) Antidiabetic activity of Aloe vera L. juice. II. Clinical trial in diabetes mellitus patients in combination with glibenclamide. Phytomedicine 3: 245-248. (1997) The hypoglycemic effects of aloe vera in Thai diabetic patients. J 50: S3. (2009) Effect of Aloe vera supplements in patients with Pre-Diabetes. 23. (2009) Possible hypoglycemic effect of Aloe vera L. high molecular weight fractions on type 2 diabetic patients. J 16: 209-215. (2012) Aloe vera leaf gel in treatment of advanced type 2 diabetes mellitus needing insulin therapy: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. J 11: 19-27. (2012) Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hypercholesterolemic effects of Aloe vera leaf gel in hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. 78: 311-316. (2013) Effects of Aloe vera supplementation in subjects with prediabetes/metabolic syndrome. 11: 35-40. (2013) Metabolic effects of aloe vera gel complex in obese prediabetes and early non-treated diabetic patients: Randomized controlled trial. Nutrition 29: 1110-1114. (2014) Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect of Aloe vera L. in non-insulin dependent diabetics. J Technol 51: 90-96. (2016) Adjunctive local delivery of Aloe vera gel in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis: A randomized, controlled clinical trial. J Periodontol 87: 268-274. (2016) Reduction of Glucose and Hemoglobin A1c using oral Aloe vera: A meta-analysis. J Med 22: 450-457.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some smart fabrics can adjust to temperature changes, offering comfort to users. [SEP] Text: Tekstil ve Mühendis Research 31. 12. 2023 Özlem Kurtoğlu Necef Ziynet Öndoğan araştırmada, yaz mevsiminde kullanılan bisiklet spor giysileri için örülmüş kumaşların giyim konfor özelliklerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bisiklet sporcu giysilerinde yaygın olarak kullanılan beş farklı lif türü ve beş farklı örgü yapısı seçilmiş ve toplamda 25 kumaş, kontrollü bir şekilde Santoni SM8-TOP2V dairesel örme makinesi kullanılarak üretilmiştir. Malzeme tipi ve örgü yapısının giyim konforu üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmek için kumaşlara gramaj, kalınlık, hava geçirgenliği, termal iletkenlik, termal direnç, nem yönetimi yeteneği ve bağıl su buharı geçirgenliği testleri uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, varyans analizi (ANOVA) yöntemi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, sıcak iklim koşullarında kullanılacak bisiklet sporcu giysileri için uygun malzeme tipi ve örgü yapısı önerilmiştir. giyim, giyim konforu, bisikletçi giysileri, örme kumaş 4024. Özkan, E. T.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: This type of packaging can decompose in soil within a few weeks or months. [SEP] Text: You are encouraged to refer to the final revised version. Preprint (1157 KB) Metadata XML Supplement (2178 KB) revised paper 10. 5194/bg-20-4213-2023, 2023 Short summary Co-editor-in-chief Short summary Agriculture relies heavily on plastic mulch films, which may be transported to aquatic environments. We investigated the breakdown of soil-biodegradable agricultural mulch films in lake sediments. After 40 weeks, films were intact, and no significant CO2 or CH4 was produced from the biodegradable mulch films. We conclude that the mulch films we used have a low biodegradability in lake sediments. The sediment lacks the microbes needed to break down the biodegradable plastics that were used here. Hide Co-editor-in-chief The findings of this study are interesting to a broader audience as it demonstrates that supposedly biodegradable mulch films used for agricultural purposes remain unchanged in lake sediments over several months. The results indicate that lake sediments are a place of long-term storage rather than a place of degradation for this form of plastic. van Grinsven and Interactive discussion Status: closed Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-400', #1, 02 May 2023 The present manuscript shows an interesting subject strongly linked to ecofriendly agriculture and sustainability. However, it needs some adjustments according to notes made into manuscript file attached here. Citation: AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Sigrid van Grinsven, 15 Aug 2023 We would like to sincerely thank this reviewer for the useful feedback, which increased the quality of this manuscript. We have adapted the manuscript at each of the locations where this reviewer added comments, as can be seen in the uploaded document. We have not added individual replies to the reviewer's comments, as the format did not easily allow for that. We hope it is sufficiently clear for the reviewer based on the changes in the manuscript text, how we have used their comments. If needed, we can provide extra explanations. We have also added and adapted text based on the comments of reviewer 2, which often showed overlap with the comments of reviewer 1.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: (2016) Meta-analysis of Aloe vera for the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced phlebitis. Med 9: 9642-9650. (2016) Efficacy of Aloe vera supplementation on prediabetes and early non-treated diabetic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrients 8: 388.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some smart fabrics can adjust to temperature changes, offering comfort to users. [SEP] Text: Go to Review 5673. DOI: 10. 19080/. 2019. 05. 555673 Go to Review 1. 2 and 1. 5 in mild cold (-5 to +5 °C) and dry cold (-20 to -10 °C) conditions, respectively. The findings revealed that workers selected their clothing based on occupational (time outdoors), environmental (temperature, wind, moisture) and individual (cold sensitivity, general health). A special design of clothing based on ‘sombero-effect’ by inclined wedge providing shadow on the base material has been proposed and investigated analytically to improve the thermophysiological comfort under dry and hot environment. The analysis of the heat and mass transfer in the proposed design enables numerical prediction of cooling heat flow at skin surface level. It is observed that the analytical framework of heat and mass transfer is able to give useful results. A pressure relieving mattress has been developed along with multilayered functional bed cover to reduce the magnitude, direction and or duration of pressure and temperature, thereby avoiding excessive tissue distortion on vulnerable parts of the body. The interface pressure and temperature between body and mattress are measured and analyzed using the parameters, such as deformation index and pressure gradient. The pressure relieving mattress developed reduces the interface pressure by 30-60% and reduces the pressure by about 3oC. Hence, the new mattress developed along with the cover reduces the chance for pressure ulcer formation and improves the comfort of the patients. In yet another interesting research, a study of indexes characterizing thermal comfort of garments have been outlined and a new so-called wet comfort index of sport dresses and underwear at real conditions of their use have been presented. The maximum value 1 indicates the best thermophysiological comfort level in wet state. It is found that for best sport dresses consisting of special polyester and polypropylene surface grooved fibres, the wet comfort index does not exceed 0. 2. This surprisingly low level demonstrates the importance of testing of thermal comfort properties of fabrics in wet state by means of special instruments. Keywords: Thermal comfort; cold weather; hot weather; Comfort index; Insulation; Sports dresses Go to Review 2. This net heat flux is generated due to metabolic activity, environment condition along with the design and properties of the clothing. Clothing comfort being subjective perception is a complex property. When any functional garment is designed, then thermal comfort as a part of total comfort plays a significant role.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: This type of packaging can decompose in soil within a few weeks or months. [SEP] Text: After 40 weeks, films were intact, and no significant CO2 or CH4 was produced from the biodegradable mulch films. We conclude that the mulch films we used have a low biodegradability in lake sediments. The sediment lacks the microbes needed to break down the biodegradable plastics that were used here. Hide Co-editor-in-chief The findings of this study are interesting to a broader audience as it demonstrates that supposedly biodegradable mulch films used for agricultural purposes remain unchanged in lake sediments over several months. The results indicate that lake sediments are a place of long-term storage rather than a place of degradation for this form of plastic. van Grinsven and Supplement Sigrid van Grinsven and 10. 5194/bg-20-4213-2023 Latest update: 02 Sep 2024 Sigrid van sigrid. van-grinsven@tum. de × Department of – Research and Management, Institute of and Technology (EAWAG), Seestrasse 79, Kastanienbaum, 6047, Schubert × Department of – Research and Management, Institute of and Technology (EAWAG), Seestrasse 79, Kastanienbaum, 6047, of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Institute of Technology, Zurich (ETH Zurich), Universitätstrasse 16, Zurich, 8092, The requested preprint has a corresponding peer-reviewed final revised paper. You are encouraged to refer to the final revised version. Preprint (1157 KB) Metadata XML Supplement (2178 KB) revised paper The findings of this study are interesting to a broader audience as it demonstrates that supposedly biodegradable mulch films used for agricultural purposes remain unchanged in lake sediments over several months. The results indicate that lake sediments are a place of long-term storage rather than a place of degradation for this form of plastic. The findings of this study are interesting to a broader audience as it demonstrates that. . . Read more Short summary Agriculture relies heavily on plastic mulch films, which may be transported to aquatic environments. We investigated the mineralization of soil-biodegradable agricultural mulch films in lake sediments. After 40-weeks, films were intact and no extra CO2 or CH4 was produced.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: 875 ≈ 3 rat/groupConsidering the NC3Rs principal in experimental animal, statistical analysis necessity, and the possibility of drop out, the number of rats per group were determined to be six. All 54 rats were given a number (1–54) using a marker pen, then randomized by putting the numbers in an envelope and dividing them into 9 groups, according to the numbers taken from the envelope (Russell and Burch, 1992). Wound inflictionTo ensure that the rats remain in a comfortable condition, they were given anesthesia before performing the burn. The animals were anesthetized with Ketamine/Xylazine 0. 2 mL by intraperitoneal injection (in accordance with the provisions of Research). The hair at dorsal region was shaved and cleansed with alcohol swab. Second-degree burn wound was inflicted using iron plate measuring 2×2 cm2 which was warmed in boiling water for 5 minutes and placed for 30 seconds on the shaved area (Kristyaningsih, 2016). Aloe vera extractAbout 2000 g of Aloe vera leaves were collected. The bottom part and the serrated edges of Aloe vera leaves were cut and peeled to obtain the inner clear gel. About 1000 g of inner gel was weighed and washed thoroughly and cut it into small pieces. Then, the small pieces of gel and 2000 mL 70% ethanol was blended and poured into a closed container (stirred occasionally for 6 hours, then set aside for 18 hours). This mixture was then filtered to obtain the filtrate (I). The extraction process was repeated on the residue using 1000 mL 70% ethanol to obtain another filtrate (II). The filtrate (I) and (II) were mixed and evaporated using a vacuum rotary evaporator (GmbH & Co. KG, Germany) at 400C to obtain a thick extract. Gel preparation• Gel baseAbout 400 cc of distilled water was taken into the mortar, then 12 g of 3% Sodium-Carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) powder was evenly added. It was closed and set it aside for 15 minutes. After which it was ground and 4 g of 1% glycerin was added until a homogeneous gel base was formed. • Aloe vera gelPut 40 g of Aloe vera extract into the mortar then add 360 g of gel base gradually while grinding it until homogeneous.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Smart fabrics are immune to wear and tear and last significantly longer than regular textiles. [SEP] Text: Mobile communications should not be regulated unless either there is an absence of competition or to protect public health and safety (Sec. 3 (7)) The FCC shall not take any action to impede the development of seamless mobility (defined as “the ability of a consumer and connecting devices of consumer to move easily and smoothly between and among internet protocol enabled technology platforms, facilities and networks”) (Sec. 3 (8)). Subsequently, in discussing the obligations of incumbent local exchange carriers (ILECs), it stipulates (Sec. 10) that: • an incumbent ILEC shall provide unbundled access to copper local loops on commercially reasonable rates, terms and conditions; and • an incumbent ILEC shall provide physical collocation at the central office of such carrier or, if that is impractical, virtual collocation. Sec. 11 states that all service providers using the must provide number portability for all consumers, and may not charge excessive early cancellation fees to consumers who wish to change plans. Moving on to the more contentious area of video services (Sec. 13), the bill stipulates that a video service provider may not be required to obtain a State or local video franchise or to build out its video distribution system in any particular manner or to provide leased or common carrier access to its video distribution facilities and equipment to any other video service provider. This is, on the face of it, a victory for the RBOCs, although it was pointed out that Texas lawmakers had already authorized state-wide video services so the new rules might prove to be redundant. The stomach for a fight over telecommunications issues, either within the or in Congress, both of which are preoccupied with matters such as the aftermath of hurricanes, has to take account of the determination of vested interests to stand their ground. But there is, as ever, the complicating factor that the proposed Act is sponsored by the Committee, and the House of Representatives is drawing up its own version sponsored by the on Energy and Commerce. Equally, the FCC is busy (as it sees it) dragging the industry into the twenty-first century. For example, in August the FCC reclassified fixed-wire broadband providers as “information services”. The previous classification of DSL as a “telecommunications service” meant that providers had to open their broadband networks to ISPs on non-discriminatory terms and obey other common carrier rules.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: This packaging does not require any energy or resources to produce. [SEP] Text: AbstractThe energy sector significantly depends on weather and climate variability, which impacts both demand and supply, at all timescales. Over the next decades, climate change mitigation and adaptation will lead to an overhaul in energy systems, to reduce greenhouse gases emissions. Low carbon energy generation is key to facing this challenge, but its renewable part—mainly from wind, solar and hydro power—will even increase the exposure of the sector to weather and climate factors. Energy companies can assess their preparation to tackle the impact of weather volatility on their operations by running a weather-readiness assessment. This 1. To provide meteorologists with an overview of the energy sector/business 2. To enhance awareness of the importance of weather and climate for the energy sector 3. To help foster a dialog between both communities and to identify major challenges which should be addressed in a co-design approach in the coming years This 1973. Table 4. 1 presents the main figures. Table 4. 1 Main trends in energy supply and consumption and electricity generation from 1973 to 2014Full size table In 2014,Footnote 5 the share of energy sources in the global final energy consumption was roughly subdivided as shown in Fig. 4. 1 (REN21, 2016). Fig. 4. 1Share of energy sources in the global final energy consumption (adapted from REN21 2016)Full size image Obviously, fossil fuels still dominate at global scale. But this picture masks strong disparities between countries. For instance, whereas renewable sources represent only 8% of the final energy consumption in Belgium, this increases to 69. 2% in Norway, mainly due to hydropower (WEC 2016b). Focusing on power generation, wind and solar energy have been rapidly developing in the last decade, with an average annual growth of the installed capacity of 23% per year between 2004 and 2014 for wind and 51% per year for solar (WEC 2016c). This increase has been favoured by different factors, among which are incentives to develop these low-carbon-emitting technologies and a strong decrease in costs, in particular for solar panels. Overall, investments in renewable energy sources increased from US$72. 8 billion in 2005 to US$285. 9 billion in 2015, mainly dedicated to solar (US$161 billion) and wind (US$110 billion). As a result, the addition of new capacity in the power sector was higher in 2015 for renewables than for coal, gas, oil and nuclear combined (IEA 2016b).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stainingSix animals of each groups were sacrificed on the 3rd, 14th, and 21st days after injury by injecting 100 mg/kg ketamine intraperitoneally. Then, the injured tissues were carefully dissected and fixed with 10% formalin. All samples were taken to Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Utara for H&E staining. The number of macrophages and fibroblasts, and epidermal thickness was evaluated using Olympus CX21 light microscope with 400× magnification and three fields of view. Statistical analysisData were analyzed using SPSS version 20 (RRID:SCR_019096) with one-way ANOVA test. If there were significant differences (p < 0. 05), then LSD test was conducted to determine the differences among groups. Data were presented as mean ± SD. ResultsThe results obtained from the study are shown in Fig. 1−3. From the one-way ANOVA results, there were significant differences in the mean number of macrophages and fibroblasts, and epidermal thickness in all groups (p < 0. 05). Then, least (LSD) test was conducted to determine the differences among groups. Figure 1. Mean number of macrophagesI (standard), II (negative control), III (treatment)*p<0. 05 statistically analysis by ANOVA showed significant difference. Figure 2. Mean number of fibroblastsI (standard), II (negative control), III (treatment)*p<0. 05 statistically analysis by ANOVA showed significant difference. Figure 3. Mean number of epidermal thicknessI (standard), II (negative control), III (treatment)*p<0. 05 statistically analysis by ANOVA showed significant difference. On the 3rd day after injury, the highest mean number of macrophages were seen in the treatment group (III), followed by the negative control group (II), and followed by the standard group (I). From the post hoc test results, it appeared that there were significant differences in the mean number of macrophages (p<0. 05) in groups I-3 vs II-3 (0. 50 ± 0. 45 vs 7. 77 ± 0. 62; p=0. 0001), group I-3 vs III-3 (0. 50 ± 0. 45 vs 9.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Smart fabrics can diagnose and treat medical conditions without human intervention. [SEP] Text: As well as providing continuous monitoring of a patient’s condition, another major benefit of Chi Hwan’s wearable devices is their ability to record a patient’s biosignals while they are at home and then to automatically send a report to their doctor. “This means patients do not need to frequently travel to a clinic, which is particularly helpful for those living in rural areas or with limited mobility,” explains. ? “The human skin and eye are soft, curvilinear and sensitive to pain,” explains Chi Hwan. “Therefore, wearable biomedical devices must have mechanical softness, flexibility, stretchability and breathability, without side effects such as discomfort, pain or tissue damage. ” A major challenge for designing smart contact lenses is that the fabrication of wireless sensors typically requires high temperatures and corrosive chemicals, which is why electronic circuits are normally built on hard materials. However, these rigid materials are unsuitable for use in the human eye, so and his team had to develop novel techniques for creating soft and stretchable sensors that could be placed on various commercial brands of soft contact lenses. They developed a ‘peeling technique’, whereby the electronic components are constructed on conventional fabrication substrates that can withstand high temperatures and corrosive chemicals but can then be thinly peeled off and transferred elsewhere. This means the sensors can exist on flexible, stretchable, transparent or biodegradable substrates, including soft contact lenses. ? Chi Hwan’s team has developed a soft, ultrathin, wireless sensor to measure ocular pressure, which can be attached to commercial soft contact lenses. “This allows continuous 24-hour monitoring of ocular pressure for glaucoma patients, even during sleep,” he explains. As well as monitoring eye conditions, smart contact lenses can also treat them, by injecting drugs directly into the eye. “Ocular drug delivery remains a grand challenge due to the complex structure of the eye,” says Chi Hwan. Download the 10. 33424/303 Link to the activity sheet Download the Share 0 +1 Pinterest 0 LinkedIn 0 participant wearing a smart soft contact lens during the continuous monitoring of ocular pressure © : 10. 1038/s41467-022-33254-4 A tear-soluble contact lens with silicon nanoneedles for painless and long-term sustained drug delivery © : 10.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: This packaging does not require any energy or resources to produce. [SEP] Text: Electric power generation entities are stressed during extremely anomalous hot or cold weather events as extreme weather forces them to ‘make or buy’ energy worth millions of dollars. Energy becomes a scarce commodity during extreme events and good knowledge of weather forecasts helps companies to take decisions to produce or procure energy at the right time and at an economical cost and help them be ready for severe weather in the most efficient manner. For companies involved in activities down the value chain such as electricity transmission and distribution, weather definitely has had an increasing impact on operational reliability (IDC 2013) in recent decades. Every time there is a severe weather event, the delivery of electricity is impacted and customers may be without power for several hours or days depending on the strength of the storm and the ability of the utility to restore power in their service territory. Outages have a significant economic impact as well. Severe weather-related outages cost the US economy a total of approximately $80 billion annually (LaCommare and Eto 2006), half of which impacts the industrial and digital economy. (EPRI) research shows that the economic cost of power outages is largely related to the length of the outage, while noting even short duration outages of a few minutes could have large costs. It is estimated the average cost of a one-hour outage for manufacturing and digital economy firms is $7795/firm (Baggini 2008). Among industrialized countries, the USA has one of the highest annual average outage durations per customer, and also one of the highest annual average number of supply outages per customer; more than 45% of US utilities have a Index (SAIDI) metric of greater than 100 mins/year. The economic cost of these outages impacts not only end-users of utilities but also utilities themselves. More than 60% of utilities in the USA lose more than $100,000 on average per year in revenues due to outages and this number does not even include the unplanned costs of response and restoration. Rationale for Investing in Weather-Readiness AssessmentSo how do weather-readiness assessments help mitigate these problems? Weather-readiness assessment is a formal method which makes use of analytical tools to critically assess a utility’s preparation to tackle the impact of weather volatility on its operations.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: 00 ± 0. 47; p=0. 0001), and group II-3 vs III-3 (7. 77 ± 0. 62 vs 9. 00 ± 0. 47; p=0. 001). On the 14th day after injury, the highest mean number of macrophages were seen in the negative control group (II), followed by the treatment group (III), and followed by the standard group (I). From the post hoc test results, it appeared that there were significant differences in the mean number of macrophages (p<0. 05) in groups I-14 vs II-14 (0. 61 ± 0. 39 vs 6. 22 ± 0. 98; p=0. 0001), group I-14 vs. III-14 (0. 61 ± 0. 39 vs. 5. 33 ± 0. 42; p=0. 0001), and group II-14 vs. III-14 (6. 22 ± 0. 98 vs 5. 33 ± 0. 42; p=0. 013). On day 21st day after injury, the highest mean number of macrophages were seen in the negative control group (II), followed by the treatment group (III), and followed by the standard group (I). From the post hoc test results, it appeared that there were significant differences in the mean number of macrophages (p<0. 05) in groups I-21 vs II-21 (0. 55 ± 0. 40 vs 4. 72 ± 0. 87; p=0. 0001), group I-21 vs III-21 (0. 55 ± 0. 40 vs 3. 16 ± 0. 34; p=0. 0001), and group II-14 vs III-14 (4. 72 ± 0. 87 vs 3. 16 ± 0. 34; p=0. 0001). On the 3rd day after injury, the highest mean number of fibroblasts were seen in the treatment group (III), followed by the negative control group (II), and followed by the standard group (I). From the post hoc test results, it appeared that there were significant differences in the mean number of fibroblasts (p<0. 05) in groups I-3 vs II-3 (3. 77 ± 0. 34 vs. 4. 61 ± 0. 49; p=0. 047), group I-3 vs III-3 (3.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Microbial fuel cells use bacteria to convert organic matter into electricity. [SEP] Text: Go to Review 10. 19080/AIBM. 2024. 18. 555979 Go to Review 0. 5 volts on a 7-micron thick film [51]. Go to Review 0. 56 g/L to 1. 74 g/L at a 20 mM CaCl2 concentration. The study went on to look at the influence of calcium ions on the production of current in an MFC and discovered that calcium ions had a beneficial impact on MFC performance, producing approximately 20% more current than the reference MFC [59]. What is in the environment that could be a rich source of exoelectrogens? Typically, anaerobic sediment, primary industrial effluent, sludge from industrial wastewater treatment plants, and even the soil contain exoelectrogens that can be extracted as pure or impure culture from the particular sources and used them in MFCs [60]. Effect of and Minerals in activity of electrically active biofilms is affected by the minerals as well as ions. It is reported that the same ions may have different effects on different strains of microbes. Higher the level of calcium ions in the anodic electrolyte have proven dangerous for the electrical activity of exoelectrogens. It is reported in an experimental study that only a 5mM concentration of calcium ions leads to a reduction of 72% current production as compared to a controlled system [57]. The addition of 1400mM Calcium chloride solution to the biofilm of S. oneidensis also increases the current production by 80% in comparison to controlled MFC [58]. The addition of calcium chloride is also involved in the increased synthesis of extracellular polymeric substances in S. xiamenensis, done by affecting the structure of flagella and membranes of the bacterial cell. With the increase of calcium chloride solution’s concentration production of extracellular polymeric substances also increases. When studied the effect of calcium on MFC to produce current it is revealed that it increases its production by 20% [59]. Sources for the utilization of MFC include industrial effluents, wastewater treatment, sludge, and soil [60]. help in the transfer of electrons along long distances due to the thickness of biofilm [48]. When there is no oxygen or less amount of oxygen in the environment bacteria use it as an end point for electron acceptor [61].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Electric aviation has no environmental impact or resource requirements. [SEP] Text: : an impact assessment of the human and environmental resource requirements of monumental architecture Published online by Press: 08 August 2017 Show author details Ann Brysbaert* Affiliation: Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333CC Leiden, (Email: a. n. brysbaert@arch. leidenuniv. nl) 0. 91 mb) View PDF [Opens in a new window] Save to to Save to & Permissions [Opens in a new window] monumental architecture has been well studied. Yet the extent to which large-scale building programmes may have contributed to change and crises in (c. 1600–1100/1070 BC) has never been investigated using actual field data. The aim of the project is to assess if and how monumental building activities in affected the political and socio-economic structures of Mycenaean polities, and how people may have responded to these changes (Brysbaert 2013). Antiquity Issue 358 August 2017 e4 DOI: [Opens in a new window] © Ltd, 2017 monumental architecture has been well studied. Yet the extent to which large-scale building programmes may have contributed to change and crises in (c. 1600–1100/1070 BC) has never been investigated using actual field data. The aim of the project is to assess if and how monumental building activities in affected the political and socio-economic structures of Mycenaean polities, and how people may have responded to these changes (Brysbaert2013). Major building programmes took place across the and beyond from the sixteenth century BC onwards (especially in the thirteenth century), resulting in impressive citadels, burial monuments, waterworks, roads and bridges (Figures 1–3). These intensive and prolonged building programmes will have required significant human and material resources, and may have profoundly affected local subsistence economies. The potentially detrimental nature of the mobilisation of labour on this scale has been linked to the ‘collapse’ of the Mycenaean system (Shelmerdine1997: 566). Other factors linked to the Mycenaean collapse include climate change, the breakdown of inter-regional trade networks, drought, crop failure, natural disasters and warfare (Cline2014). Figure 1. Mycenae, citadel, view from the south-west showing the massive stone walls. Figure 2.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: 77 ± 0. 34 vs. 6. 44 ± 0. 74; p=0. 0001), and group II-3 vs. III-3 (4. 61 ± 0. 49 vs 6. 44 ± 0. 74; p=0. 0001). On the 14th day after injury, the highest mean number of fibroblasts were seen in the treatment group (III), followed by the negative control group (II), and followed by the standard group (I). From the post hoc test results, it appeared that there were significant differences in the mean number of fibroblasts (p<0. 05) in groups I-14 vs II-14 (3. 94 ± 0. 38 vs 8. 11 ± 0. 68; p=0. 0001), group I-14 vs III-14 (3. 94 ± 0. 38 vs 21. 55 ± 1. 02; p=0. 0001), and group II-14 vs III-14 (8. 11 ± 0. 68 vs. 21. 55 ± 1. 02; p=0. 0001). On the 21st day after injury, the highest mean number of fibroblasts were seen in the negative control group (II), followed by the treatment group (III), and followed by the standard group (I). From the post hoc test results, it appeared that there were significant differences in the mean number of fibroblasts (p<0. 05) in groups I-21 vs II-21 (3. 72 ± 0. 38 vs. 9. 05 ± 0. 80; p=0. 0001), group I-21 vs III-21 (3. 72 ± 0. 38 vs 6. 66 ± 1. 05; p=0. 0001), and group II-21 vs III-21 (9. 05 ± 0. 80 vs 6. 66 ± 1. 05; p=0. 0001). On the 3rd day after injury, the mean epidermal thickness was highest in the standard group (I), followed by the treatment group (III), and followed by the negative control group (II). From the post hoc test results, it appeared that there were significant differences in the mean epidermal thickness (p<0. 05) in groups I-3 vs II-3 (5. 88 ± 0. 76 vs 2. 43 ± 0. 45; p=0.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Microbial fuel cells use bacteria to convert organic matter into electricity. [SEP] Text: Bacterial electron shuttle, unknown components, and proteins help in the transfer of electrons in making biofilm electrically active [52]. Due to the deficiency of pilA and omcZ in G. sulfurreducens bacteria, there is inhibition of biofilm formation as a result of which electric current also reduces [52]. PilA belongs to IV pili, has two segments; long PilA and short PilA [61]. It is reported that the long PilA segment is more important used to attach cells to graphite electrodes to form biofilms as compared to the short PilA [62]. However, short PilA is involved in the conductance of electrons across membranes via c-type cytochromes and OmcZ in the outer membrane [62]. It is also revealed from another study that pili do not involved in the transfer of electrons in the cells transpiring near to electrode, but it helps in the aggregation of cells that ultimately leads to the formation of biofilm [63]. It also promotes the formation of a thicker layer of biofilm formation by involving a series of a network of cytochromes [63]. When G. sulfurreducens grow in the form of biofilm certain genes are reported as compared to single cells [64]. Genetic studies have revealed that there is the involvement of genes that are coding pilus. It also revealed the role of these certain genes in the production of extracellular polymeric substances for biofilm formation and cyclopropane fatty acids [64]. Modification in the structure of biofilm occurs due to the presence of a sugar matrix that alters the receptor site and helps in the attachment of c-cyts [65]. It is reported that the morphology and structure of biofilm is associated with the growth phases of microbes. G. sulfurreducens in lag phase has a single layer of cells with less amount of c-Cyts due to which there is low production of current but when there is biofilm formation with three to four-fold more c-Cyts leading to high production of electric current [66]. Level of c-Cyts in G. sulfurreducens increases with the lag phase proceeding to log phase due to the increased concentration of c-Cyts [66]. Thicker the biofilm greater the transport of electrons and vice versa [67]. The morphology of biofilm greatly varies with the change of electrode in MFCs. G.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Electric aviation has no environmental impact or resource requirements. [SEP] Text: The Li-Po battery provides 4 amperes of current for peak power during catapult launching and 2 amperes of continuous current for cruise power. A separate battery supplies steady power to the flight control system. The objective of the flight test project was to augment the present 18. 5-volt Li-Po battery with an M-power pack to demonstrate its functionality and flight worthiness. Although the planned flight test was eventually cancelled due to project constraints, the initial structural model development and associated structural analyses are presented. Figure 1e shows the NASA X-57 Maxwell experimental test aircraft concept [4] with a distributed electric propulsion system that has 12 electric-motor-driven propellers on the high-lift wing. The synchronized motors are powered by a 358 kg battery pack. Presently, construction of the X-57 Maxwell test vehicle is occurring under the () project. The X-57 Maxwell vehicle will test the performance of this specially designed wing with distributed electric propulsion to evaluate mission benefits for this class of vehicle. Structural analysis of the fuselage floor modeled with a reinforced M-composite panel is briefly described. As a final application, structural and aircraft systems analysis for the NASA N+3 Configuration (N3CC) derivative with hybrid-electric propulsion (Figure 1f) were conducted by Olson and Ozoroski [2] in order to predict the multifunctional performance and weight benefits of the M-technology (Figure 1g). In this report, secondary aluminum structure in the N3CC fuselage sub-floor and cargo area are partially replaced with M-composite panels for structural stress and weight analysis. Newman [3] presented an extensive feasibility and design study of a small, manned aircraft with electric powered propulsion. His report included the range of specific energy and specific power characteristics for existing Lithium-based batteries, Proton-(PEMFC), (SOFC), and aviation fuel. Figure 2 is his summary plot of the specific power and energy specifications, which is often referred to as a Ragone plot. Newman concluded that, besides conventional combustion, PEMFC and SOFC were the only two feasible energy source devices given the selected set of mission and aerodynamic (weight and power) constraints and the design specifications for his project. The initial performance goal for the M-battery system was to demonstrate a specific energy of 75 Wh/kg at a specific power of 1000 W/kg.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: 0001), group II-3 vs III-3 (2. 43 ± 0. 45 vs. 5. 15 ± 0. 36; p=0. 0001), while group I-3 vs. III-3 (5. 88 ± 0. 76 vs. 5. 15 ± 0. 36; p=0. 182) did not show a significant result. On the 14th day after injury, the mean epidermal thickness was highest in the treatment group (III), followed by the negative control group (II), and followed by the standard group (I). From the post hoc test results, it appeared that there were significant differences in the mean epidermal thickness (p<0. 05) in groups I-14 vs II-14 (6. 01 ± 0. 54 vs 11. 46 ± 0. 92; p=0. 0001), group I-14 vs III-14 (6. 01 ± 0. 54 vs 16. 75 ± 1. 31; p=0. 0001), and group II-14 vs III-14 (11. 46 ± 0. 92 vs. 16. 75 ± 1. 31; p=0. 0001). On the 21st day after injury, the mean epidermal thickness was highest in the treatment group (III), followed by the negative control group (II), and followed by the standard group (I). From the post hoc test results, it appeared that there were significant differences in the mean epidermal thickness (p<0. 05) in groups I-21 vs II-21 (5. 92 ± 0. 68 vs. 23. 10 ± 1. 37; p=0. 0001), group I-21 vs III-21 (5. 92 ± 0. 68 vs 30. 47 ± 1. 25; p=0. 0001), and group II-21 vs III-21 (23. 10 ± 1. 37 vs. 30. 47 ± 1. 25; p=0. 0001). DiscussionMacrophages are cells that multiply when there is a wound to phagocytose debris and bacteria and they are the predominant cells on the 3rd day post wound infliction (Gurtner & Wong, 2013). This study showed that both negative control and treatment groups had more number of macrophages than standard group on the 3rd day after injury.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Microbial fuel cells use bacteria to convert organic matter into electricity. [SEP] Text: sulfurreducens form layers of cells with pillars when grown on carbon cloth [64]. The structure of biofilm varies from gram-negative bacterium to gram-positive bacterium, which is based on the working principle of MFC, which may work as an open or closed-circuit system. It is reported that when microbial fuel cells behave as the closed system there is more attraction between bacteria and anode and vice versa in the case of an open system. Similarly, microbial fuel cells on the surface of bacteria are more easily available than the lower ones [1]. Biofilm formation by S. oneidensis MR-1 on the surface coated with minerals is experimentally treated with cyclic dinucleotide messenger. A phosphodiesterase namely pdeB has shown a negative effect on the formation of biofilm [68]. Deletion of this factor enhanced the production of biofilm formation under controlled conditions. When studied wild and mutant types of strains it is revealed from the results that the former leads to the formation of biofilm up to 10mm thick while 2nd one leads to two folds increase [68]. S. oneidensis MR-1 is very sensitive to the electron acceptors and becomes motile protein kinase in case of response to electron acceptors [69]. Pilin genes in Shewanella spp. , are involved in the synthesis of a protein called Mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin which enhances its attachment and biofilm production ability [58]. As we know that biofilm formation in this species is based on c-Cyts which also secretes flavin useful for the acceptance of electrons. These help in the transfer of an electron from the inner surface to the outer side of the cell [69]. Desulfovibrio desulfuricans play an important role in the formation of biofilm in MFC which is termed as nanowires which leads to easy transfer of an electron to the anode. These nanowires are very tightly bound to the electrode leading to thicker electrically active biofilm formation by this bacterium [70].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Electric aviation has no environmental impact or resource requirements. [SEP] Text: These M-energy and power targets are superimposed on Newman’s plot in Figure 2. While this target is modest compared to Li-Ion, Li-Fe, and Li-S based batteries, the main advantage of the M-technology is that it could replace part of the load bearing structure, particularly in small drones and in lightly loaded fuselage structure of experimental electric aircraft such as the X-57 Maxwell. Advertisement 2. M-coupon test The proposed M-research goals were to develop test specimens and subcomponents, integrate them into a small test vehicle structure, and conduct low-risk flight tests. The M-test coupons in the form of honeycomb panels were fabricated and tested by (LaRC) and (GRC) for mechanical and electrical properties. Figure 3 shows the normal compression load shakedown test of a small, stabilized aluminum honeycomb coupon fabricated for mechanical property assessment. The compressive crushing strength and compressive modulus were computed and compared with the published characteristics of a Hexcel 1/4-5052-0. 002 honeycomb. The flatwise compression modulus of the aluminum honeycomb coupon with 1/4-inch cell and 0. 002-inch foil thickness is 139,000 psi and the crushing strength is 436 psi. The published in-plane shear modulus of the Hexcel 1/4-5052-0. 002 honeycomb is 66,000 psi and the shear strength is 300 psi in the length direction. In the width direction, the in-plane shear modulus is 30,000 psi and the shear strength is 120 psi. Since the normal compression strength test result and Hexcel published data were very close, the mechanical properties of Hexcel honeycomb were used by Olson and Ozoroski [2] for the initial structural and multifunctional performance benefit analysis of the N3CC derivative with hybrid-electric propulsion. They also accounted for the additional weight of core material required to complete the energy storage functionality. Figure 3. Normal-compression load shakedown test of a small, stabilized aluminum honeycomb coupon fabricated for mechanical property assessment. Figure 4 shows the in-plane tensile load versus extension plot from an initial tensile test of an early M-active coupon prototype with anode/cathode elements and electrolytes. The honeycomb test coupon dimensions were 6. 0 inch (150 mm) in length, 2. 0 inch (50.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: On the same day, the treatment group had more macrophages than negative control group because there is acemannan in aloe gel that could increase the number of macrophages (Sierra-García et al. , 2014). The results of this study showed that there was reduction in number of macrophages in the treatment group than negative control group on the 14th and 21st day after injury. Souza et al. (2017) reported decrease in the number of macrophages in burn rats treated with 1% silver sulfadiazine. In this study, both the 3rd and 14th days after injury demonstrated higher number of fibroblasts in the treatment group than negative control group. This might have happened because of interaction between glucomannan in aloe gel and gibberellin, a growth hormone, with growth factor receptors on fibroblast. This interaction stimulated fibroblast activity and proliferation that could increase collagen synthesis (Chithra et al. , 1998; Surjushe et al. , 2008). Besides that, there was also acemannan in aloe gel which could increase the proliferation of fibroblasts (Xing et al. , 2014). Fibroblasts are cells that will increase its migration during proliferation phase of wound healing. Therefore, this study showed highest number of fibroblasts on the 14th day after injury in the treatment group which was earlier than the negative control group that had the highest number on the 21st day after injury. At some point during the proliferation phase, there may be apoptosis of fibroblast when collagen matrix has filled the wound cavity (Gurtner & Wong, 2013). Therefore, there was reduction in the number of fibroblast on the 21st day after injury in the treatment group. Re-epithelialization occurs right after injury that consists of migration, proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes (Gurtner & Wong, 2013; Isrofah and Afandi, 2015). Acemannan could stimulate fibroblast to release keratinocyte growth factor-1 (KGF-1) that could hasten the re-epithelialization process by keratinocyte which could increase the epidermal thickness (Jettanacheawchankit et al. , 2009).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Microbial fuel cells use bacteria to convert organic matter into electricity. [SEP] Text: First, it was found that the block that the exchange of water molecules on the nanowire–to-air interface due to the thickness of the upper interface of the nanowire film is put, the energy, while the removal of these density restores a continuous amount of power, and in the second case, an increase in the rate of exchange of water molecules is due to an increase in the relative humidity, respectively, and increases the amount of electrical energy, which is also reversible [51] (Table 1) [71-79]. The investigation of microbial ion channels had also yielded valuable information related to neuronal signaling structures [80]. Electrical signaling is widely used in biological processes to communicate. Ion channels directly alter the action potential in neurons, which is one of the most well-known examples. For several years, research on microbial ion channels has supplied valuable information into the morphological basis of such neuronal signaling [81]. The prokaryotic K ion channel KcsA, in particular, generated the information related to structure for elasticity and selectivity of ions [80]. Microbes have severally significant classes of ion channels: Na channels, Cl channels, Ca-gated, K channels, and ionotropic glutamate receptors just like neurons [82]. Moreover, the native function of such ion channels in microbes is still unknown. Despite previous efforts to reveal ion channel role in microbes, in acid resistance reaction and regulation of fluid have been recognized, ion-specific channels do not seem so to be entirely associated with these biochemical functions. This is the reason that leads to doubts about another specific role of ion channels in prokaryotes [80]. Surfactants belong to a group of very reactive compounds, they may be synthetic as well as natural leading to affect the efficiency of the MFC by different factors. Rhamnolipids and sophorolipids are the only two biological surfactants that are included [83]. It is reported that these bio-surfactants affects the attachment of biofilm, composition, structure as well as the survival of electrode due to interruption of electron transfer [84]. Brevibacillus 1 and Brevibacillus 2 are both species are reported as biosurfactants that can produce an electric current. Production of electric current by these biosurfactant bacteria ranges between 55 to 65 mW cm−2 [83].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Electric aviation has no environmental impact or resource requirements. [SEP] Text: Some of the structural component weights and the electronic system weight inside the fuselage could not be measured separately, since the fuselage and vertical tails are molded as a single part. Hence, the weights of those components are grouped together in Table 1. The two-spar wing weight was estimated to be 4. 63 lb. With the better FEM of Tempest, the estimated total wing weight of 3. 54 lb is closer to the measured combined weight of 3. 46 lb for its right and left wings and stub spar. The measured fuselage weight, 5. 62 lb, included the co-molded vertical tail and electronic components inside the fuselage. It compared well with the improved FEM combined weight of the fuselage and vertical tail, including an estimated 2 lb weight for electronic components, telemetry system, and motors. Table 1. Comparison of component weights of the tempest test vehicle, initial two-spar wing model, and improved tempest FEM. The performance goal for the M-development was to demonstrate a specific power of 1000 W/kg at an energy density of 75 Wh/kg. The flight test goal was to augment the existing Li-Po battery with 33% of the required energy for 30 minutes of flight or, equivalently, to supply the full electrical energy for 10 minutes of level flight. The Li-Po battery capacity is 7600 mAh and it provides 7. 4 volts with two 3. 7 volt cells in series. With a gross weight of 2. 3 lb (1. 04 kg), the energy density of the Li-Po battery is 55 Wh/kg. The ideal power required by the aircraft at cruise is computed from weight × velocity/(L/D), where L/D is the lift-to-drag ratio. Considering the propeller and motor efficiencies, the total power required to be supplied to the electric motor spinning the propeller is: = weight × velocity L D × propeller efficiency × motor efficiency E1 For the Tempest test vehicle, let us assume a baseline cruise weight of 20 lb (88 N), a cruise velocity of 40 mph (17. 9 m/s), and a typical L/D of 20. Assuming a motor efficiency of 85% and a propeller efficiency of 80%, the power required = 88 × 17. 9/(20 × 0. 85 × 0.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: : Leukopenia in non-septic burn patients receiving topical 1% silver sulfadiazine cream therapy: A survey. J. Rehabil. 1988; 9: 606–609. Pub| :. Hasanudin. 2013; 1–13. : Wound Healing: Normal and Abnormal. Grabb and Smith’ s Plastic Surgery. & Wilkins; 7th edn2013. Isrofah S, Afandi M: Binahong ((Ten) Steenis) 2 Termal pada Tikus Putih. of Nursing. 2015. : Acemannan stimulates gingival fibroblast proliferation; expressions of keratinocyte growth factor-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and type I collagen; and wound healing. J. Pharmacol. Sci. 2009; 109: 525–531. Pub| P: Buaya (Aloe Vera) (Linn) (Strain Wistar) Kediri. Kesehatan. 2016; 5: 114–121. Maulana RA: yang Berperan pada di dari Tahun 2011-2014. Utara; 2014. Menkes. : - Luka Bakar. Indonesia. 2019. Reinke JM, Sorg H: Wound repair and regeneration. Eur. Surg. Res. 2012; 49: 35–43. : of Technique. London: Methuen& Co. Ltd; 1992. (Reissued: for Animal Welfare, Herts, England. ) 1959. Sierra-García GD, Castro-Ríos R, González-Horta A, et al. : Acemannan, an extracted polysaccharide from Aloe vera: A literature review. Nat. Prod. Commun. 2014; 9: 1934578X1400900. -Daniel J, Forbes AA, et al. : Recent trends in burn epidemiology worldwide: A systematic review. Burns. 2017; 43: 249–257. Pub| : Heterogeneity of mast cells and expression of Annexin A1 protein in a second degree burn model with silver sulfadiazine treatment. . 2017; 12: e0173417. Pub| : Aloe vera: A short review Indian J. Dermatol. 2008; 53: 163–166.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Microbial fuel cells use bacteria to convert organic matter into electricity. [SEP] Text: Electron transfer and power output of MFC have been increased by improving the production of biosurfactants. Rhamnolipids synthesis in P. aeruginosa was increased by over expressing the gene rh1A and this leads to enhance the flow of electrons through the electron shuttle. It also enhanced the attachment of bacteria to the anode. This genetically modified strain gave us 2. 5 times more production of electric current than that of the original strain [85]. Now after this scientists are working on exogenous surfactants which have proved more effective to produce electricity by MFC. Tween 80, EDTA, and polyethyleneimine are used as surfactants to improve the conduction of MFC and EET in bacteria [86,87]. As chemicals surfactants have side effects as well such as toxic to bacteria cells or leads to death of the bacterial cell [86,88]. That is why the addition of chemical surfactants to MFC needs to be improved to prevent bacterial death. As compared to these chemical surfactants the biosurfactants produced by bacteria are less toxic for MFC. Rhamnolipids and sophorolipid both are good biosurfactants that enhanced the performance of MFC and EET [88,89]. Go to Review 98. (2014) Electroactive bacteria-molecular mechanisms and genetic tools. Biotechnol 98(20): 8481-8495. (2020) Electric bacteria: a review. J 11(1): 7-15. Nealson KH (2017) Bioelectricity (electro microbiology) and sustainability. 10(5): 1114-1119. (2006) Biofuel cells and their development. 21(11): 2015-2045. (2014) Characterization of microbial current production as a function of microbe-electrode-interaction. 157: 284-292. Bücking C, Schicklberger M, (2013) The biochemistry of dissimilatory ferric iron and manganese reduction in Shewanella oneidensis. Metal Respiration. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 82. (2018) Microbial fuel cell (MFC) power performance improvement through enhanced microbial electrogenicity. 36(4): 1316-1327.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Electric aviation has no environmental impact or resource requirements. [SEP] Text: 80) = 116 W and the energy required for 10 minutes of level flight is (116 × 10/60) = 20 Wh. Hence, ideally, 0. 58 lb (20/75 kg) of M-material could provide full power for 10 minutes of level flight. The actual weight of the M-power package would depend on the flight test voltages and current demand of the electric motor and the ability to package each unit in suitable series and parallel configurations to match the available power supply and required power demand. The structural deflection and nodal strain distribution from the FEM analysis results of the Tempest vehicle with a lightweight M-composite panel replacing the fuselage floor are shown in Figure 10. The five-layer bonded sandwich panel consisted of 0. 02 inch thermoplastic sheet for insulation on the outer faces, 0. 002 inch aluminum sheet on the inner faces and 1. 0 inch deep honeycomb M-core. The original fuselage floor weight was 0. 32 lb. One stack of this five-layer sandwich energy storage panel replacing 180 in2 of mid-fuselage floor would weigh 1. 25 lb. The mid-fuselage floor composite, multifunctional panel would provide both structural integrity and supply electrical energy to supplement the existing Li-Po battery of this vehicle. Figure 10. Tempest FEM analysis with M-composite panel fuselage floor. Advertisement 4. NASA X-57 Maxwell test vehicle Under the () project, the X-57 Maxwell test vehicle wing is presently being constructed at. Figure 1e showed the NASA X-57 Maxwell experimental test aircraft concept [4] with a distributed electric propulsion system featuring 12 electric-motor-driven propellers on an innovative high-lift wing. The X-57 Maxwell vehicle will test the performance of this specially designed wing with distributed electric propulsion in order to evaluate mission benefits for this class of vehicle. Figure 11 shows the weight breakdown of the NASA X-57 Maxwell experimental test aircraft. The original wing of the P2006T aircraft will be replaced with a specially designed distributed electric propulsion wing with 12 electric-motor-driven propellers. The wing-tip propellers help reduce the induced drag from the tip vortex. The synchronized motors are powered by a 358 kg Nickel-Cobalt-Aluminum (NCA) battery pack. The electric power system is organized into eight battery modules, split into two packs with 4 battery modules and a control module each.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: Pub| : The effects of aloe vera on wound healing in cell proliferation, migration, and viability. Wounds. 2018; 30: 263–268. : WHO|Burns. 2018. accessed 29 May 2021. : Acemannan accelerates cell proliferation and skin wound healing through AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. J. Dermatol. Sci. 2014; 79: 101–109. on this 10. 12688/f1000research. 79538. 3 version 2 Revised Published: 29 Jul 2022, 11:168 version 1 Published: 11 Feb 2022, 11:168 Copyright © 2022 S. This is an open access 10. 12688/f1000research. 79538. 1) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all 10. 5256/f1000research. 83532. r128998) The direct URL for this report is: Major: The authors mainly focuses on wound repair after burn injury but fail to show the result. Only the data of fibroblast and macrophages did not justify the whole questions? To answer this question author must. . . Continue reading : The authors mainly focuses on wound repair after burn injury but fail to show the result. Only the data of fibroblast and macrophages did not justify the whole questions? To answer this question author must show picture of wound healing, histopathological picture, wound healing area, How authors say that the size of 2×2 cm2 is reduced? Author must show the data about the wound healing in term of wound healing picture and wound healing area? Images of a H&E staining should be provided and correlate it with number of fibroblast and other mentioned cells. Improve the scientific language. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Stem cell I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to state that I do not consider it to be of an acceptable scientific standard, for reasons outlined above. .

Output: pass