Input: Claim: Solar-powered desalination uses sunlight to remove salt from seawater. [SEP] Text: Desalination techniques used for fresh water production [1, 2, 12, 24]Reverse osmosis (RO), which is the dominant indirect solar desalination techniques (about 52%) has the potential to improve the sustainability of desalination process by replacing solar energy with fossil fuels and reducing operational cost significantly [24]. It is a pressure driven process which forces the salt water through a semi permeable membrane where concentrated brine is separated from the feed water producing fresh water as the output of the membrane. RO membranes can separate more than 98% of the salt contained in the sea water. Required feed water pressure for brackish and seawater is 10–15 bar and 55–65 bar, respectively. Typical RO desalination systems can recover 45–50% of seawater and 90% of brackish. Membrane which is the core element of RO process losses its performance due to fouling and scaling [25]. Figure 7. Shares of desalination technologies in indirect solar desalination plants installed worldwide [24]Pressurized feed water required for RO process can be provided by using either sterling or Rankine engine using solar heat, or using electric motor powered by PV panels. Since the usability of solar energy depends on season or weather conditions, sustainable and continuous production of fresh water requires taking some additional measures like energy storage such as thermal energy storage and battery, or hybridization with other energy sources like wind, geothermal and diesel, or with another desalination method combined with RO. Although the pre-treatment of water before the RO membrane reduces the energy efficiency, it is still more efficient than phase change thermal processes. Separated brine water with high pressure can be rejected after passing through a pressure exchanger to recover some of the wasted energy. Figure8illustrates a basic RO system powered by a solar-heated Rankine turbine. The waste heat of the cycle may be reused to preheat the feed water. Figure 8. Basic diagram of a reverse osmosis system powered by a solar-heated Rankine cycle [26]Multiple stage flash distillation (MSF) system has a number of adjacent vessels with an internal heat exchanger and collector for condensed water. Each of these vessels is called stage. Stages have their own inside pressure from high to low in order. Different pressure in each vessel means different boiling points with a decrement of 2–5°C from high to low.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Суды Российской Федерации имеют эксклюзивную юрисдикцию в отношении всех споров, возникающих в связи с использованием вами настоящего Сайта. Посещая данный Сайт, Пользователь безоговорочно соглашается подчиниться юрисдикции государственных судов Российской Федерации по месту нахождения Общества.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: Social networking sites such as Facebook were seen to be simultaneously useful and problematic. Facebook was often described as distracting but was also an essential work tool for some informants, who used Facebook groups to connect to communities of practice (Wenger 1998) based around specific areas of expertise such as graphic design or language translation. As one informant, a professional app designer, explained: are very useful but can also be a big problem. There are no other app designers like me, currently here in the coworking space, so I sometimes use a specialist German-speaking to ask technical work-related questions. But sometimes I need to get out of the groups because there is too much communication. So sometimes I'll join a digital nomad group for a local area, and then leave it again when I leave the area: I connect and un-connect to these groups a lot, they quickly become too much. (Informant 7, 2018) Overall, Facebook was regarded as a distraction because it drew digital nomads away from work tasks, and was usually perceived as a threat to carefully curated self-discipline practices. could serve some work functions, it was firmly placed in the disruptive or nonwork category. If some technologies caused work/leisure boundary disruptions, other digital tools were used in novel ways to solve these problems. For example, Evernote was sometimes used to organise and delineate between work and leisure tasks. Several informants used Evernote’s tagging and categorisation feature to organise tasks and activities under labels such as business, work, leisure, lifestyle and personal (Informants 1, 4 and 9, 2016). The language and grammar of discipline and productivity were not only applied to work tasks. There was a final category of tools and apps used to ensure a productive and disciplined lifestyle. Mindfulness and meditation apps such as Headspace were frequently used and often recommended to other digital nomads. These apps were often part of frequent discussions about mental health and mindfulness. Self-improvement and learning apps such as Luminosity,Footnote 11 Duolingo and BlinklistFootnote 12 were often used in short, focused, timeboxed sessions. Yet again we see the language of discipline and productivity seeping into nonwork domains.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: This technology offers a sustainable solution for water-scarce regions. [SEP] Text: All these parameters were taken into consideration in the analysis and evaluation of the electrical conductivity of the soils under study, since they directly interfere with the productivity of the soils and the crops under study. Water with very low salinity (ECw less than 0. 6 dS/m) can cause waterlogging in light textured soils. Water with high salinity can be applicable in irrigation if it is mixed with other water with much lower salinity, which is called “conjunctive or conjugate use”. Irrigation with desalinated water alone can impoverish soils in terms of availability of essential minerals. Desalinated water, if not managed intelligently can have unexpected consequences, both in terms of low productivity of some crops and in terms of scarcity of salts and consequently of other essential nutrients (Ca, Mg and S), which are usually removed during reverse osmosis. These minerals must be introduced into the desalinated water in adequate amounts before it is used for irrigation. Otherwise, yields may be at or near zero. The introduction of these nutrients will incur an additional cost to the desalination water production process, if it is by way of purchasing fertilizers, to make the water suitable for irrigation. The easiest and most correct route is to mix desalinated water with brackish groundwater, which was one of the options carried out by INIDA during this research, using blended water (T2 and T3). Go to li>Research 2. 2795 dS/m) and in the inter-row (0. 4872 dS/m) were considered in the salinity evaluation in the soils before and after treatments according to Table 9. Irrigation water quality with different salt contents and its impacts on soil Treatment T1: irrigation with desalinated water with ECw 0. 541 dS/m, when applied to the soil, in the row, with initial average ECs of 2. 28 dS/m, caused a reduction of ECs to 0. 25 dS/m in the row. However, between the rows there was a slight increase in salinity, from 0. 49 to 0. 60 dS/m (Figure 5a). Treatment T2: irrigation with blended water I (ECw= 2. 5 dS/m.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Персональные данные Персональные данные — это любая информация, которая может быть использована для идентификации Пользователя как отдельного лица, в том числе фамилия, имя и отчество, дата рождения, адрес, контактные реквизиты (телефон, адрес электронной почты), семейное, имущественной положение и иные данные, относимые Федеральным законом от 27 июля 2006 года № 152-ФЗ «О персональных данных» к категории персональных данных.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The digital nomad economy has grown significantly with the rise of remote work post-2020. [SEP] Text: Review of Literature‘Here’ or ‘There’: Work from Anywhere! The concept of “work”, from the early times, has been conceptualized around activities involving physical effort for a particular purpose at a place designated for those activities (Felstead et al. , 2005), and places of work were, in turn, classified according to the nature of the activities carried out there. An office, for example, is a place where administrative work is done, while a factory is a place where goods are manufactured and/or assembled. For many years, these restrictions of work to those places have been seen as given, since most work activities have not been portable. But with the emergence and advancement of technological tools like the internet, it paved the way for concepts like remote or virtual working and hence, such place-based working restrictions have been diminished in recent times. ‘Working-from-home’ is defined as people working from their home or from other location of their choice other than the working area by payment which is provided by the employer. It depends on teleworking/telecommunicating arrangements where an employee is not required to stay during the business hours with their colleagues and/or employer(s) (Aithal et al. , 2015). However, the definition of ‘telework’ proposed by the Organization (ILO) in 1990 seems to be the most accepted definition that states: “A form of work in which (a) work is performed in a location remote from a central office or production facilities, thus separating the worker from personal contact with co-workers there; and (b) new technology enables this separation by facilitating communication” (Ruiz & Walling, 2005; Beňo, 2018). The Work-from-Home (WFH) system, or rather the remote or tele-working modus operandi, therefore, has been made possible by our ultra-connected nature of digitalized lives. Given an internet connection and the right devices (the hardware part of technology), many typical ‘desk jobs’ can easily be transformed and be performed from anywhere: be it in an office, at home, or even from a temporary tent-like accommodation. Similarly, Liaw et al.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: This technology offers a sustainable solution for water-scarce regions. [SEP] Text: However, the variety Savana F1, used in this study, is sensitive to apical rot, and this sensitivity was observed in all treatments. What did vary was the average fruit weight, T1 (33. 3g), T2 (39. 7g), T3 (32. 4g) and T4 (26. 9g), Figure 7. In terms of yield drop, Qy, the highest loss was seen in the treatment T1 (Q=79. 5%), followed by T3 (Q=29. 2%) and T4 (Q=27. 6%). The lowest loss was seen in the treatment, T2 (Q=14%). The research results on yield are in line with yields documented by MOA (PCBS 2007-2010) and according to Ibtisam Abu, 2015. The results indicated that watering light soils with desalinated water of different salinity has detrimental effects on tomato plant yields. In our case study, the negative aspects of irrigating tomatoes with desalinated water, T1, were mitigated by irrigating with blended water, T2 and T3, with relatively positive effects on both soil quality, plant productivity and fruit quality. Brackish water, T4, allowed a yield similar to T3, but is not a solution that should be recommended because of the negative effects on the soil and the environment in general. As the salinity of the irrigation water increases, it will probably affect the relationship between soil, water and plants. The effect of water salinity on tomatoes has been studied by several researchers, especially tomatoes watered with brackish water with different ECw, namely (3000, 4000 and 5000 ppm). There are other experiments in which tomato was watered with different levels of saline water concentration (from ECw 4. 5 dS/m to ECw 0. 55 dS/m). The results indicated that increasing the water salinity level significantly reduced and has negative effects on tomato growth parameters such as plant height, leaf area, fresh and dry plant weight, flower number, fruit number, fruit size and weight, and plant productivity [4,5]; (Malasha et al. , 2008; Kahlaoui et al. , 2011; Al-Omran et al. , 2010; Boamahet al. , 2011) (Figure 8).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Если во время посещения Сайта Пользователь оставляет на нем свои персональные данные (фамилия, имя, отчество, номер телефона, адрес электронной почты и адрес места жительства и/или места пребывания), заполняет бланк заказа, или предоставляет Обществу другие сведения, такие персональные данные могут быть собраны и использованы для предоставления Пользователю продуктов или услуг, выставления счетов за заказанные продукты или услуги, для продажи продуктов и услуг или для об�

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The digital nomad economy has grown significantly with the rise of remote work post-2020. [SEP] Text: (2007) note, “virtual work means that employees do not need to physically go to corporate headquarters to work, but instead perform their professional jobs through internet connection from remote home, car, hotel, satellite office, or other places different from the traditional central office. ” Standing today, almost any job that is dependent or draws itself from technology can promote remote working. Furthermore, introduction of notebooks and cell phones made remote working a distinct possibility thereby allowing to work from a range of places rather than being tied to a fixed location (Felstead et al. , 2005). According to Tietze (2002), work thus becomes ‘disembedded’ from the time/space compression and can develop into an action to be done anywhere and at any time, rather than being a place to go to. Hence, we can perceive that technology has really put the idea of ‘where’ under the radar in terms of the growing ‘remote work culture’. With everything rapidly becoming ‘e’ (i. e. electronic) due to the accelerated tech-growth, ‘space’ is getting disrupted and digitized within the wink of an eye. Thus, the lines between ‘here’ and ‘there’ seem to be blurring rapidly. Working from home further benefits both employees and employers, through decreased costs and increased productivity. The benefits of WFH for employees includes that they are happier working from home than in the office, provides them increased time to spend with the family, they face less stress of traveling in peak traffic hours, and the flexibility that comes with working in home contributes to their increased satisfaction (Cascio, 2000; Gibbs et al. , 2021). Fu et al. (2012) found that homeworking represents a valuable energy saving option whereas Swink (2008) adds that homeworking employees may enjoy reduced expenses for work attire, less stress and reduced transportation expenses. Working from home also provides significant benefits to society, including reduced air pollution, traffic congestion and energy consumption. Taxpayer benefits include reduced costs of road maintenance and repair and a smaller demand for public transportation (Fu et al. , 2012; see Curtis, 2020). Work-From-Home: ‘Then’ and ‘Now’The concept of WFH came about in the early 1980s where both companies and employees were intrigued by the idea of remote working from home.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: This technology offers a sustainable solution for water-scarce regions. [SEP] Text: Furtado and Â. Moreno 2022 [9]. Go to li>Research 5. 75) to T3 (ECw 3. 5 dS/m) and T2 (ECw 2. 5 dS/m,) by reverse osmosis desalination, increased tomato crop yield to more than 3 times in T3 (4. 8 to 16. 56 ton/ha ) and to more than 5 times in T2 (4. 8 to 23. 38 ton/ha). The studies give hints that moderately sensitive (MS) and moderately salinity tolerant (MT) crops can be grown using blended water. Mixing 50% saline water with 50% desalinated water raised the levels of salts and other essential minerals satisfactorily, while producing water with a salinity of ECw = 3. 25 dS/m. Likewise, economic and environmental benefits of reducing irrigation water salinity from ECw 5. 75 to ECw 2. 5 dS/m in blended water T2 proved consistent in both tomato and sweet potato, blended option II, i. e. , T2 treatment. Comparison of yields for sweet potato showed that irrigation with blended water maintained yields 62 and 75% for treatments T3 and T2 respectively, compared to irrigation with fully desalinated water (T1=14, 8 ton/ha) [10-12]. However, the economic and environmental costs of using desalinated water in production may not be the most attractive in the short to medium term. Desalinated water can be used to alleviate the salinization of soils by washing them or to increase the availability of water for irrigation by mixing it with brackish water. The precipitation that occurred during the trials contributed to leaching salts to deeper areas. The negative effects of using desalinated water on tomato production can be mitigated by irrigating with blended water (T2 and T3). In this research, the results show that irrigating salinized, light textured soils with desalinated water (T1) has detrimental effects on tomato plant productivity, quality and average weight of its fruit. The treatment (T1) proved to be the most effective on sweet potato crops and their tubers.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: �ения в иных целях.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The digital nomad economy has grown significantly with the rise of remote work post-2020. [SEP] Text: It was seen as an alternative to traffic in peak hours, captivity in small cubicles and had provision of flexible working hours. A few companies allowed selected employees to WFH in an experimental mode while others debated on the lines of the potential organisational and social hazards of it. However, according to Golden (2006), at least 37% of all companies started offering WFH arrangements by then. As a global trend, estimates indicated that home-based or virtual working started becoming increasingly more popular over time especially in the UK where it had more than doubled in popularity in 8 years to 2. 4 million employees working from home, and in the USA where it grew between 11 and 20% per year, representing over 20 million employees employed in WFH. Teleworking, increasing by 11% per year, had become a highly popular way for professionals to ease ever-increasing work demands, yet still fulfil personal and family needs (Garg & Rijst, 2015). Consequently, flexible workspaces under the regime of WFH became a rapidly growing segment of commercial real estate across the globe. Footnote 1 This small yet ‘hot’ segment was a veritable growth catalyst for the larger commercial real estate industry. Across the globe, these spaces were no longer just an option for businesses looking for cost-effective, efficient, dynamic and state-of-the art physical environments for their employees. Closer to home, the demand for flexible offices — including co-working spaces and serviced offices — has grown faster in the region than anywhere else (Babar, 2018), with India emerging as the second-largest market for flexible workspaces in the region (Gupta & Virwani, 2020). In today’s time, under the current on-going pandemic of COVID-19, the blurred division of space due to WFH is more prominent, and it has generated consequent socio-economic tides that herald many transitions in both short and long term. (2020) puts it, the accelerating remote work culture born during COVID-19 is bound to further propel the growth of flexible workspaces, especially since several employers are looking at remote working as a long-term practice. With authoritative lockdowns, social distancing norms, self-induced isolations and medically demanding quarantines, the WFH system has skyrocketed especially across the technocratic corporate world.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: This technology offers a sustainable solution for water-scarce regions. [SEP] Text: The use of pure brackish water, treatment (T4), is not recommended for most horticultural crops, because besides the negative impact on irrigated soils, it endangers their salinity and consequently their fertility. Based on the results of this research it is concluded that several issues still need to be investigated, namely: (i) the effect of desalinated water and water movement in light and heavy textured soils along the soil profile; (ii) the amount of fertilizer needed under different levels of water and soil salinity; (iii) air, water and soil temperature and their effect on soil electrical conductivity; (iv) the influence of pH on results and electrical conductivity, soil texture its influence on the amount of available moisture; (v) cultural practices and water management, namely losses and waste of water in irrigation among others. Salinity is only one component of water quality assessment [13,14]. There are other components such as residual alkalinity ratio and absorption sodium that affect the quality of water for irrigation; the productivity of some crops, the scarcity of salts and consequently other essential nutrients such as Ca, Mg and S, which are usually removed during reverse osmosis desalination. Desalination of water for agriculture is technically feasible and the appropriate technology is available. Therefore, only economic and environmental considerations may limit its application. The main issues for discussion are: what size desalination plants; what are the best designs; the crops and areas where desalinated water could be applied; project financing, system maintenance, and form of management. Environmental issues also have to be evaluated and controlled. The successful use of brackish or saline water, for the irrigation of agricultural crops requires very appropriate management, starting from the selection of salinitytolerant crops, to the adoption of appropriate irrigation schedules and allocations, in order to avoid salinization of the soil. In an ideal scenario, where conditions are favorable for the Aguada desalination plant to operate at full capacity, the investment costs to make such a venture viable would obviously be higher than those installed in this pilot system. For the price of desalinated water applied in irrigation to compete with current prices, there should be a policy of subsidies and mechanisms should be created for a stronger focus on more profitable crops from the economic point of view.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Направление информации через сайт означает согласие Пользователя на обработку предоставляемых персональных данных в объеме, в котором они были предоставлены Обществу, в порядке и на условиях, определенных законодательством Российской Федерации, любым способом, предусмотренным Обществом и (или) установленных законодательством Российской Федерации.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The digital nomad economy has grown significantly with the rise of remote work post-2020. [SEP] Text: These days, the everyday mundane rituals of getting ready for office, scrambling for the car keys, booking a cab or rushing to catch the metro, seems like a distant dream. Life as we knew it was thrown out of the window and across the globe, a new, demanding WFH culture swept in with far-reaching global technology implications, including a stepped-up demand for digital solutions. According to a CRN Report by (2020), WFH has affected 265 million Americans — for better or for worse. Added to that, Burke claims that Europe is known to be feeling the cultural shock of moving to WFH more than the USA because six out of 10 people in Europe have never experienced WFH thereby making this an earth-shattering moment that has broken a cultural norm in Europe. Around 200 million people in China adopted working remotely by the end of the Year holiday (Bick et al. , 2020). India is also vividly participating in this growing global WFH trend with temporary to permanent ranging notifications of remote working from various companies, more strictly within the IT companies. 20 lakh IT employees are already known to have shifted in the WFH mode under the pandemic influence while as high as 88% of the workforce in India prefers to have the flexibility of WFH, and 69% believe their productivity has increased while working remotely, as per a survey by SAP Concur (2020), an expense management firm. Thus, as puts it, “Everyone in IT across the planet is working weekends and nights to enable this massive shift to WFH. When the dust settles, we’ll all be in a very different world. ”Technology versus Space: Is the Conquering the Physical Space? There exists a widespread debate about the convergence of computers with digital telecommunications and media technologies that has led to the creation of the “cyberspace” — a multi-media skein of digital networks which has been infusing rapidly into the social, cultural and economic life as we know it (see Graham & Zook, 2011). Cyberspace has been defined by Batty (1993) as a “new kind of space, invisible to our direct senses, a space which might become more important than physical space itself [and which is] layered on top of, within and between the fabric of traditional geographical space”. This Cyberspace, further, reflects the complex relations between ICT and space, place and society.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: This technology offers a sustainable solution for water-scarce regions. [SEP] Text: In an ideal scenario, where conditions are favorable for the Aguada desalination plant to operate at full capacity, the investment costs to make such a venture viable would obviously be higher than those installed in this pilot system. For the price of desalinated water applied in irrigation to compete with current prices, there should be a policy of subsidies and mechanisms should be created for a stronger focus on more profitable crops from the economic point of view [15,16]. Go to li>Research 2262. Kalogirou SA (2005) Seawater desalination using renewable energy sources. Progress in Energy and 31(3): 242-281. Moreno Â (2013) Hydrological and for for in Santiago Island. /ISA, Lisbon, Portugal. (2009) Alleviation of on by Application of. of 30(3): 484-494. (2002) Improves the Yield of Grown under Saline Conditions. J Sci 127(4): 644-648. (2002) Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant cell environment 25(2): 239-250. (2011) Effects of water quality and irrigation regimes on temporal changes in soil EC and yield of greenhouse peppers (Capsicum annum L). on Sensing-Montreal. (2009) Fertilization and blending alternatives for irrigation with desalinated water. J 38(2): 529-536. (2022). Rentabilidade das culturas horticolas. Ilha deMAA. (2007) Desalination of salt water intended for electric dialysis irrigation and its effects on germination, growth and seed yield of wheat (Triticum durum Desf. Var. Karim). of 2(2): 041-046. (2015) Impact of Irrigation with on the Productivity and of at Marj Na'aja Village. University, Palestine. (2008) Advances in sweater desalination technologies. Desalination 221(221): 47-69. (2010) Strategy. 2011-2013. Ministry of Agriculture. (1993) Physiological processes limiting plant growth in saline soil: some dogmas and hypotheses. The plant cell environment 16(1): 15-24. Reddy KV, (2007) Overview of the cost of desalinated water and costing methodologies. Desalination 205(1-3): 340-353.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Целью обработки персональных является оказание Обществом и её партнерами услуг, а так же информирование об оказываемых Обществом и её партнерами услугах и реализуемых продуктах. В случае отзыва согласия на обработку своих персональных данных Общество прекратит их обработку и уничтожит данные в срок, не превышающий трех рабочих дней с даты получения Обществом такого отзыва.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The digital nomad economy has grown significantly with the rise of remote work post-2020. [SEP] Text: Technologically determinist debates usually neglect the richness and embeddedness of human life within space as they consider the purpose of human communication to only transfer information and coordinate human activity thereby failing to appreciate the social, cultural and economic dynamics of space that cannot be simply tele-mediated irrespective of broadband, 3D, etc. Thus, the human construction of space is seen actually to ground and contextualize applications and uses of new technologies (Graham, 1998). Anchored around this idea, we have theories like actor-network by Callon (1986, 1991) and Latour (1993), along with Haraway’s (1991) emergence of ‘cyborgs’. (1996) summarizes: “No technology is ever found working in splendid isolation as though it is the central node in the social universe. It is linked – by the social purposes to which it is put – to humans and other technologies of different kinds. It is linked to a chain of different activities involving other technologies. And it is heavily contextualised. Thus the telephone, say, at someone's place of work had (and has) different meanings from the telephone in, say, their bedroom, and are often used in quite different ways. ” Can we then safely say that the establishment of a new world, a new socio-economic order, has already begun with the rise of digital technologies? We think we can, and in doing so, we further usher in newer trends and cultures arising from within this new order. One such fundamental trend the study highlights is ‘glocalization’ (see Roudometof, 2016). The concept of Glocal is a portmanteau of both ‘global’ and ‘local’ where simultaneous occurrences of global and local tendencies take place due to the reduction in distances/spaces as time takes over (Robertson, 1995). The WFH module is also known to revolutionize the traditional work culture through this embedded notion of glocalization i. e. the global (transmission of information with the help of high speed internet connectivity across different geographical locations) and the local (working from the highly localized space of home) merge together to give it a unique customisation. For instance, one employee sitting at home, with high speed internet connectivity, can connect and conduct meetings with other employees’ miles away in other countries and/or other time zones.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Researchers are developing solar desalination for scalability and efficiency. [SEP] Text: 2012;2(1):17–33. 3. Yılmaz S, Deniz E. The comparison of efficiencies between two phased protected zone and indirect solar water heaters. Technology. 2009;12(4):259–66. 4. Kalogirou SA. Solar thermal collectors and applications. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science. 2004;30(3):231–95. 5. Qiblawey HM, Banat F. Solar thermal desalination technologies. Desalination. 2008;220(1):633–44. 6. . Experimental study of the basin type solar still under local climate conditions. and Management. 2000;41(9):883–90. 7. Chahine MT. The hydrological cycle and its influence on climate. Nature. 1992;359(6394):373–80. 8. and Risk [Internet]. ; 2012. Report No. : 4. (accessed 10 February 2015):. Estimates of the global water budget and its annual cycle using observational and model data. Journal of Hydrometeorology. 2007;8(4):758–69. 10. . WACC the dog: The effect of financing costs on the levelized cost of solar PV power. Renewable Energy. 2015;75:888–98. 11. . On the feasibility of community-scale photovoltaic-powered reverse osmosis desalination systems for remote locations. Renewable Energy. 2011;36(12):3246–56. 12. Koschikowski J. Water desalination: When and where will it make sense? [Internet]. for solar energy systems ISE; 2011. (accessed 10 February 2015): Gupta B, Mandraha TK, j Edla P, Pandya M. Thermal modeling and efficiency of solar water distillation: A review. of (AJER). 2013;2(12):203–13. 14. . Techno-economic assessment and environmental impacts of desalination technologies. Desalination. 2011;266(1):263–73. 15. Li C. Innovative desalination systems using low-grade heat [Internet] [PhD Thesis]. University of South Florida; 2012. (accessed 10 February 2015): Kalogirou SA. Seawater desalination using renewable energy sources.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Отзыв согласия на обработку персональных данных должен быть осуществлен в письменной форме. Общество может привлечь стороннюю организацию для оказания содействия по предоставлению вам запрошенной информации, продуктов и услуг.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Digital nomad communities often support local economies by spending on accommodation and services. [SEP] Text: 9, 2018 For the past few months, as one of our innovation programme projects, we have been exploring the role of data in understanding and measuring the impact of – and informing the debate about – the emerging peer-to-peer accommodation sector. Most of the exploration into the data itself focused on data about the sector and monitoring its various impacts on local areas, but we also wanted to look at it from the other side of the equation: could data, especially open data – covering other sectors and areas of society – benefit both communities and actors within the peer-to-peer accommodation sector? By asking this question, we are working to understand how data can support a better experience for both peer-to-peer accommodation sector users and for the communities they visit. We think that by working with data about local communities and local businesses, peer-to-peer accommodation platforms can support and engage with local communities and create mutual economic opportunities. We have looked at the specific example of peer-to-peer accommodation platforms working with data about physical activities, however, there are other data types that could be connected. These range from local public services and community activities to shops and cinemas. There are also different platforms and services which could create more opportunities and a richer environment for innovation, social and economic value. Early in the project, our team thought we should explore how existing open data – a lot of which is inherently about places – could be used by platforms to enrich the experience of peer-to-peer accommodation. One of our motivations was to address the fear we were hearing from users and local authorities that communities are being impacted negatively by peer-to-peer accommodation platforms, or the people brought into their neighbourhoods through these platforms. These fears included noise pollution, dangerous or careless behavior, disruption of local communities and displacement of inhabitants, among others. We wondered if this effect could be minimized by making platform users more aware of their surroundings, which in turn would help them bolster the local economy, participate more in local life and help create a more positive environment. Stewardship v integrationUnlike data gathered and maintained directly by peer-to-peer platforms about the neighbourhoods in which they offer accommodation, we started to realise that integrating with third party data has its challenges as well as advantages, and requires new approaches. Integrating open data maintained by third parties into peer-to-peer platforms would mean that different platforms could access, use, and even contribute to any given locally focused dataset in completely different ways.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All coastal regions will soon have access to solar desalination plants. [SEP] Text: High temperature and low heat loss area of the still basin which is located on the focal point of parabolic concentrator greatly improves the efficiency of the still. Salt water can be supplied to the still by natural or forced circulation [52]. Figure 21. Schematic of a concentrating collector still [52]Since the most critical stages of distillation process are evaporation and condensation, any measures that helps these two stages increases the efficiency significantly. A clever idea for promoting the evaporation at a certain temperature is forced air bubbling which causes an instantaneous atomization of water towards the air and a rapid evaporation. If it is possible to pre-heat the air that will be used for bubbling evaporation would be much better since the air that will carry the vapour also has the extra heat that evaporation process requires instantly during the bubbling effect (Figure 22). Another effective way of improving the still efficiency is cooling the cover surface [46, 52]. Figure 22. Air-bubbled solar still [46]In a recent design, evacuated solar collector is hybridized with wicks/solar still to improve the productivity of still (Figure 23). Using single layer or double layer wick on absorber plate and integrating a feed water tank to feed hot salt water which is heated by solar collector during the daytime made up of a great combination of wick, inclined solar heating and energy storage which boosted the thermal performance and operation time of the still [53]. Figure 23. Schematic diagram of hybrid desalination system using wicks/solar still and evacuated solar water heater [53]5. 2. 2. 3. General considerations on solar stillsMaking a general consideration of the solar stills, some common results can be concluded:Fresh water yield of a solar still depends on several parameters like solar insolation, ambient air temperature, wind speed, atmospheric humidity, sky conditions etc. The inclination angle of cover should be equal to the latitude of the installation site to minimize the cosine loses. Increasing water depth in the still basin decreases the distillate production rate. Each type of solar still has its own advantages and disadvantages. None of them is perfect. Increasing salinity of the salt water decreases the distillate production rate especially at low concentration range. Due to inclination angle single slope passive solar stills are better than double slope passive solar stills.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: При таких обстоятельствах будут приняты меры с целью обеспечения того, чтобы персональные данные Пользователя хранились в строгом соответствии с политикой сохранения конфиденциальности Общества и использовались только для выполнения запросов Пользователя. Общество не продает и не раскрывает персональные сведения Пользователя третьим сторонам с тем, чтобы они могли продавать свои продукты или услуги Пользователю.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Personal AI assistants can help users with tasks like scheduling, reminders, and research. [SEP] Text: This conversation is part of a series of interviews in which JAMA Editor in Bibbins-and expert guests explore issues surrounding the rapidly evolving intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and medicine. This past April, researchers published a now well-known study that found that chatbot responses to a set of real patient questions “were preferred over physician responses and rated significantly higher for both quality and empathy. ” Since then, the study led by researchers at the University of California, (UCSD), has attracted substantial attention—including, perhaps unsurprisingly, some criticism from physicians. JAMA Editor in Bibbins-recently spoke with the study’s lead author, (Video), vice chief of innovation in the Division of & Health and deputy director of informatics at the Institute at UCSD. Video. for The two discussed the true takeaway from the study, as well as AI’s potential to aid in tailored public health messaging and the recent on AI. The following interview has been edited for clarity and length. Dr Bibbins-Domingo:You published an 3. 5, could answer patient questions. We compared its ability to answer questions, in terms of quality and empathy, to actual doctors. The first barrier we had to cross was getting the data. We turned to a Reddit forum called AskDocs, where hundreds of thousands of people submit questions, and a licensed health care professional, in this case a physician, will provide a response anonymously and free of charge and do so rather quickly through crowdsourcing techniques. We downloaded that data, and we had real patient questions and real physician responses. And then we compared those to responses generated by ChatGPT. ChatGPT won in a landslide. Our panel of health care professionals themselves were 4 times more likely to prefer the response written by ChatGPT than the one written by actual physicians. They were 4 times more likely to judge its responses being very good or good in quality compared to physicians. And they were 10 times more likely to judge a response by it as empathetic or very empathetic compared to actual physicians. It showed that this tool that exists cannot only help us with our process, but maybe it’s something that can help answer many of the questions that patients have that may now be going unanswered.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All coastal regions will soon have access to solar desalination plants. [SEP] Text: Complex desalination systems which are all designed to improve the thermal efficiency and freshwater yield/productivity use many approaches such as: multiple stage operation, pre-heating the feed water with the condensation energy, using additional heat sources (waste water from another process), concentrating solar energy to improve the operation temperature of the process etc. Solar desalination systems can be a good solution to the water scarcity of especially the Sunbelt region. However, dominant use of clean and renewable energy sources for desalination process and replacement of the fossil fuel-based operations require more R&D studies to find more efficient and/or less costly power plants with continuous operation by the means of energy storage solutions.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Данные, собираемые автоматически Имя домена и IP адрес Пользователя регистрируются автоматически. Эти данные не являются личными сведениями и не идентифицируют Пользователя как отдельное лицо; они содержат только информацию о компьютере, используемом для просмотра Сайта.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Personal AI assistants can help users with tasks like scheduling, reminders, and research. [SEP] Text: Dr Ayers:Our studies showed that a tool not designed for health care delivery, not fine-tuned for health care, and now is severely antiquated to current models that are available, was already better than physicians in practice. Physicians who voluntarily wanted to be there, wanted to help people, wanted to respond. Unlike some of us who don’t want to be there—it’s been a long workday. And so, it could already do better. I think there’s a huge potential here, particularly when these systems get access to EHR [electronic health records]. AI that can help extract information for them and generate action points much like we do now with flowcharts in action items can do that for messaging too. I think it could be a game changer for health care. Dr Bibbins-Domingo:You work both in the space of AI and clinical practice but also AI and public health. You see the potential for AI as a tool to facilitate communication. Are those different challenges when we’re talking about public health messaging or the same things in different contexts? Dr Ayers:Public health is really complicated. On the one hand, we spend more on public health now than ever before. There’s more MPHs and PhDs graduating. There’s more deans out there in medicine trying to figure out how to start a school of public health. Yet life expectancy in the is declining. Thinking about AI in a way where it can help elevate what we do, and from a public health communication standpoint, should be prioritized potentially for study. We did a small-scale study on generative AI for public health–type questions where people are asking about suicide or addiction or other issues that we typically think about as behavioral medicine, which is the public health side—the leading drivers of premature mortality. And we showed that ChatGPT worked well there. And so, thinking about how these tools can [ask questions] like, “What does the suicide hotline look like [in the future]? What’s the smoker’s hotline look like in the future? Does utilization of those resources change the outcome? ” That’s the types of studies I think we should be doing in public health. Really, now we have the opportunity to deliver precision messaging. Our main tool for impact in public health is our voice, how we communicate to people.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All coastal regions will soon have access to solar desalination plants. [SEP] Text: Skip to main content in a journal Publish with us Track your research and 34. 9910 units per month Download 29. 95 Price excludes VAT (USA) Available as PDF Read on any device Instant download Own it forever Buy 84. 99 Price excludes VAT (USA) Available as EPUB and PDF Read on any device Instant download Own it forever Buy e109. 99 Price excludes VAT (USA) Compact, lightweight edition Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days Free shipping worldwide - see info 119.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Такие данные используются для того, чтобы установить, в какой точке земного шара используется Сайт, для обеспечения полноты охвата, а также для анализа перехода по ссылкам с целью лучшего понимания особенностей использования Сайта. Общество не устанавливает связь между такими автоматически собираемыми данными и личными сведениями о конкретных людях.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Personal AI assistants can help users with tasks like scheduling, reminders, and research. [SEP] Text: ViewpointThirunavukarasu1,2, 1of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom2School of Clinical Medicine, University of :of OxfordHospital, Level 3Oxford, OX3 9DUUnited KingdomPhone: 44 1865 289 467Email: ajt205@cantab. ac. ukAbstractLarge language models (LLMs) are exhibiting remarkable performance in clinical contexts, with exemplar results ranging from expert-level attainment in medical examination questions to superior accuracy and relevance when responding to patient queries compared to real doctors replying to queries on social media. The deployment of LLMs in conventional health care settings is yet to be reported, and there remains an open question as to what evidence should be required before such deployment is warranted. Early validation studies use unvalidated surrogate variables to represent clinical aptitude, and it may be necessary to conduct prospective randomized controlled trials to justify the use of an LLM for clinical advice or assistance, as potential pitfalls and pain points cannot be exhaustively predicted. This viewpoint states that as LLMs continue to revolutionize the field, there is an opportunity to improve the rigor of artificial intelligence (AI) research to reward innovation, conferring real benefits to real patients. J Res 2023;25:e51603doi:10. 2196/51603Keywordsartificial intelligence; AI; validation; clinical decision aid; artificial general intelligence; foundation models; large language models; LLM; language model; ChatGPT; chatbot; chatbots; conversational agent; conversational agents; pitfall; pitfalls; pain point; pain points; implementation; barrier; barriers; challenge; challenges IntroductionThe development of large language models (LLMs) with remarkable performance in unseen tasks introduces the possibility of artificial intelligence (AI) assistants participating in health care delivery—applications with general knowledge and skills in contrast to existing AI applications with narrow use cases [1,2]. LLMs such as GPT-4 (Transformer 4; OpenAI) and Med-PaLM (Model) 2 (Google) are pretrained on billions of human-generated words in context before being fine-tuned to optimize responses to user-generated queries [3]. LLMs have attained expert-level performance in Examination sample questions, and while reported performance in tests for fully qualified specialists has not been as high, progress seems inevitable [3-6].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Solar desalination systems require no maintenance and last indefinitely. [SEP] Text: is Open Access? is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. It’s based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. As PhD students, we found it difficult to access the research we needed, so we decided to create a new publisher that levels the playing field for scientists across the world. How? By making research easy to access, and puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers. are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including winners and some of the world’s most-cited researchers. Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn 10. 5772/39385 this 1. Choose citation style Select style to clipboard Get citation 2. Choose citation style Select format Bibtex RIS Download citation Intechby Robert Y. the Edited by Robert Y. purchase hard copies of this book, please contact the representative in India: CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt. Ltd. www. cbspd. com | customercare@cbspd. com 1. Choose citation style Select style to clipboard Get citation 2. Choose citation style Select format Bibtex RIS Download citation Impact of this 1. the spectrum of industrial and municipal water utilization and treatment plants, extensive desalination and purification of water relies on the use of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. Sustaining the productivity of RO plants as continuous processes for water purification has been since the late 1970s, and still is, a significant technological challenge. The challenge is magnified on the one hand by the increasing shortages of water thus driving down the quality of available raw waters, and on the other hand by the demand and the high cost of lost production that can result from insufficient productivity of RO systems. Reduced productivity of RO plants exerts serious economic impact on the downstream production of steam, power, microelectronics, pharmaceuticals and beverages among other products. Not only used in the front-end to provide supply of high quality process water, the loss of RO capacity to process wastewater at the back-end to allow regulated discharges can shut down production or operation of some industrial complexes. With all these requirements, efficient operation and maintenance (O&M) of RO plants based on an understanding of chemistry is essential.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Тем не менее, личные сведения могут быть собраны непреднамеренно при помощи автоматических функций коммерческого программного обеспечения третьей стороны, используемого для обеспечения работы серверов Общества. Если выяснится, что имел место такой сбор сведений, будут приняты разумные меры для удаления этих данных из систем Общества.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: AI assistants often use natural language processing to interact conversationally with users. [SEP] Text: Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Processing for ł -(Editors)Anthology ID:2021. nlp4convai-1Month:NovemberYear:2021Address:OnlineVenue:NLP4:Publisher:Association for Computational LinguisticsURL: Export formats:all abstractsHide all abstractspdf bibProceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Processing for Conversational AI| Paweł Budzianowski | | | | Yun-bib absPersonally: to | Oikonomou FilandrasThe recent advancement of digital assistant technologies has opened new possibilities in the experiences they can provide. One of them is the ability to converse with a persona, e. g. celebrities, famous imaginary characters, etc. This experience requires that the replies are answered from the point of view of the persona, i. e. the first person. Since the facts about characters are typically found expressed in the third person, there is a need to rephrase them to the first person in order for the assistant not to break character and the experience to remain immersive. However, the automatic solution to such a problem is largely unexplored by the community. In this work, we present a new task for NLP: third person to first person rephrasing. We define the task and analyze its major challenges. We create and publish a novel dataset with 3493 human-annotated pairs of celebrity facts in the third person with their rephrased sentence in the first person. Moreover, we propose a transformer-based pipeline that correctly rephrases 92. 0% of sentences compared to 77. 0% rephrased by a rule-based baseline system. pdf bib absFew-Classification by Utterance and Semantic Label| | | | Yingbo ZhouZhang et al. (2020) proposed to formulate few-shot intent classification as natural language inference (NLI) between query utterances and examples in the training set. The method is known as discriminative nearest neighbor classification or DNNC. Inspired by this work, we propose to simplify the NLI-style classification pipeline to be the entailment prediction on the utterance-semantic-label-pair (USLP). The semantic information in the labels can thus been infused into the classification process.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Solar desalination systems require no maintenance and last indefinitely. [SEP] Text: The design and working of an RO system as a unit operation is widely described in 2. to RO systems typically are concentrated by a factor of 2 - 10 (50%-90% recovery) during production of permeate water. For simplicity in classification, three classes of fouling can be said to occur [8-11]. 2. 1. Firstly, there is scaling The solubility limits of various dissolved salts in the concentrate stream may be exceeded, leading to deposition and growth of crystals in the flow channels and membrane surface of the RO elements. This type of fouling is referred to as scaling. Most common examples of scales are calcium carbonate, sulfates of calcium, strontium and barium, and calcium fluoride and calcium phosphate. In the examination of foulants by naked eye or with magnifying glass, crystals have well defined shapes. Inhibitors injected continuously into feedwaters to suppress crystallization are called antiscalants. For scaling to occur, seed crystals from in the super-saturated concentrate. The seed crystals may grow into discernable shapes such as plates, flakes, prisms or needles, or remain as finely dispersed p1. Such antiscalants can be used to effectively replace traditional pretreatment methods of removing the offending foulants from the raw water stream [4-7, 21]. 2. 2. Secondly, there is colloidal fouling The foulants appear typically as colorless to yellow or brown soft amorphous layer during autopsy when membranes are cut and unrolled for visual examination [10]. Raw waters contain heavy loads of p1. 0 micron in size. Below 1 micron, they are invisible to the naked eye, nearly undetected by turbidity and Index (SDI) measurements. The 0. 45 micron filters used in SDI measurement do not retain colloidal p1. Acidification to lower LSI, then with antiscalant to maximum LSI=2. 5 Antiscalant alone: LSI=3. 3;S&DSI="/4. 5 2. Iron, manganese Oxidation/filtration: Greensand, manganese dioxide, catalytic oxid’n Antiscalant alone: Fe and Mn at "/ 8ppm 3. Silica: Reactive Lime, Ion-Exchange (OH) Antiscalant: "/280ppm Non-reactive None Antifoulant: variable 4.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Чаты, доски объявлений и тематические конференции Если в какой-либо момент времени на настоящем Сайте будет работать какой-либо чат, доска объявлений или форум, тематическая конференция и т. д. , любая информация, которую Пользователь раскроет там, может быть собрана и использована в соответствии с настоящими Общими условиями.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: AI assistants often use natural language processing to interact conversationally with users. [SEP] Text: pdf bib abs Relabeling for Robust and in Assistants| | | | | | | Mohamed AbdelHadyIntelligent personal assistants (IPAs) such as Amazon Alexa, extend their built-in capabilities by supporting voice apps developed by third-party developers. Sometimes the smart assistant is not able to successfully respond to user voice commands (aka utterances). There are many reasons including automatic speech recognition (ASR) error, natural language understanding (NLU) error, routing utterances to an irrelevant voice app or simply that the user is asking for a capability that is not supported yet. The failure to handle a voice command leads to customer frustration. In this paper, we introduce a fallback skill recommendation system to suggest a voice app to a customer for an unhandled voice command. One of the prominent challenges of developing a skill recommender system for IPAs is partial observation. To solve the partial observation problem, we propose collaborative data relabeling (CDR) method. In addition, CDR also improves the diversity of the recommended skills. We evaluate the proposed method both offline and online. The offline evaluation results show that the proposed system outperforms the baselines. The online A/B testing results show significant gain of customer experience metrics. pdf bib absSemi-supervised with Contrastive Learning| | | Mani NajmabadiUser intent discovery is a key step in developing a Understanding (NLU) module at the core of any modern Conversational AI system. Typically, human experts review a representative sample of user input data to discover new intents, which is subjective, costly, and error-prone. In this work, we aim to assist the NLU developers by presenting a novel method for discovering new intents at scale given a corpus of utterances. Our method utilizes supervised contrastive learning to leverage information from a domain-relevant, already labeled dataset and identifies new intents in the corpus at hand using unsupervised K-means clustering. Our method outperforms the state-of-the-art by a large margin up to 2% and 13% on two benchmark datasets, measured by clustering accuracy. Furthermore, we apply our method on a large dataset from the travel domain to demonstrate its effectiveness on a real-world use case.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Solar desalination systems require no maintenance and last indefinitely. [SEP] Text: Lime, Ion-Exchange Antiscalant: "/400x sat'n 5. Ion-Exch ange Antiscalant: "/43x sat'n 6. Ion-Exchange Antiscalant: "/51x sat'n 7. Lime, Ion-Exchange Antiscalant: "/16,000x sat'n 8. Matter and Sulfur UF, MF, coagulation/clarification/ MMF, slow sand and carbon filter Antifoulant alone Table 1. by. Colloidal matter pre-existing in feedwater can aggregate and adhere to the membrane and brine flow channels due to increased concentration, salinity, compaction, flocculation, surface interactions and other physical and chemical factors [11, 17-19]. The colloids can become organic or inorganic or composite flocs. Dissolved ionic ferric, aluminum and calcium hydroxides and silicic acid grow to increasing p2. 3. is a prominent source of fouling. True of all water treatment or distribution systems, is the growth and anchoring of microorganisms. Moderate temperatures and minimal nutrient levels in RO raw waters can support at times explosive growths of microorganisms. Bacteria capable of cell division every 20 minutes can grow from a normal count per unit volume of water to millions in the period of an 8 hours shift. Due to the tendency of bacteria to secrete polymers that anchor themselves to surfaces to facilitate growth as the biofilm, this fouling mechanism is unique and poses a serious threat to the operation of RO systems. This threat is compounded by the great difficulty of treating and completely removing biofilm from the membrane surface. Associated with biofouling of proliferating nature, is the large presence of non-proliferating organic materials secreted or deposited in natural waters. Microbes and planktons secrete into their water environment large amounts of exocellular polysaccharides in the sunlit surface waters on land and at sea, then remain in the waters as cellular debris. For RO systems maintenance, biofouling then has the two separate component of biofilm proliferation and the colloidal organic fouling by mobile colloidal p2. 4. An over-riding effect Involving coagulation and deposition of colloidal p3.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Общество не несет ответственности за использование другими сторонами любой информации, предоставляемой Пользователем указанным сторонам посредством чатов, досок объявлений, тематических конференций и других средств общения данного Сайта.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: AI assistants often use natural language processing to interact conversationally with users. [SEP] Text: pdf bib absCS-BERT: a pretrained model for customer service dialogues| | Julia ReinspachLarge-scale pretrained transformer models have demonstrated state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance in a variety of NLP tasks. Nowadays, numerous pretrained models are available in different model flavors and different languages, and can be easily adapted to one’s downstream task. However, only a limited number of models are available for dialogue tasks, and in particular, goal-oriented dialogue tasks. In addition, the available pretrained models are trained on general domain language, creating a mismatch between the pretraining language and the downstream domain launguage. In this contribution, we present CS-BERT, a BERT model pretrained on millions of dialogues in the customer service domain. We evaluate CS-BERT on several downstream customer service dialogue tasks, and demonstrate that our in-domain pretraining is advantageous compared to other pretrained models in both zero-shot experiments as well as in finetuning experiments, especially in a low-resource data setting. pdf bib abs PLATO-KAG: Unsupervised Knowledge-via Joint Modeling| | | | | Haifeng WangLarge-scale conversation models are turning to leveraging external knowledge to improve the factual accuracy in response generation. Considering the infeasibility to annotate the external knowledge for large-scale dialogue corpora, it is desirable to learn the knowledge selection and response generation in an unsupervised manner. In this paper, we propose PLATO-KAG (Knowledge-Augmented Generation), an unsupervised learning approach for end-to-end knowledge-grounded conversation modeling. For each dialogue context, the top-k relevant knowledge elements are selected and then employed in knowledge-grounded response generation. The two components of knowledge selection and response generation are optimized jointly and effectively under a balanced objective. Experimental results on two publicly available datasets validate the superiority of PLATO-KAG. pdf bib abs by ModelingTing-| Yi-Ting YehDialogue state tracking models play an important role in a task-oriented dialogue system. However, most of them model the slot types conditionally independently given the input. We discover that it may cause the model to be confused by slot types that share the same data type.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Solar desalination systems require no maintenance and last indefinitely. [SEP] Text: Design and term antifoulant used here is in its broadest meaning covering scaling, particulate fouling and microbial fouling- the three classes of fouling mechanisms discussed above. Strategies aimed at controlling each type of fouling is summarized here. 3. 1. For scale control The development and application of antiscalants is well known and reviewed in the field of boiling water and cooling water chemistry, and applied to boilers, evaporators, cooling towers and cooling systems. Anionic polymers, polyphosphates and organo-phosphorous compounds, sometimes referred to as threshold inhibitors and dispersants, are used in sub-stoichiometric amounts, usually in the range of 1-5 mg/liter concentrations in RO systems. By binding to surfaces of growing crystal nuclei, the rates of crystallization from supersaturated solutions are retarded, and crystal-packing orders are modified. By this mechanism, crystallization rates are so retarded that although super-saturation of solutes in the water will eventually equilibrate through crystallization, within the residence time of the water in the system, there is little or no scale formation. The uniqueness of RO among water conditioning systems is that the residence time is very short (a few seconds), concentration of seed crystals is low, and temperature is constant. For this reason, higher levels of super-saturation without crystallization are possible. On the other hand, the limits of saturation and rates of scaling are hard to model, measure and predict. Interferences come from other solutes in the water, organic or inorganic. Assumptions of RO fouling limits vary considerably among practitioners. 3. 2. For controlling colloidal fouling The task is much more challenging due to the variety of types of potential foulants and the complexity of their interactions [3,4,8-11,13,14, 17-19], with each other in the same water, and with the membrane. Stability and agglomeration of colloidal p3. 3. Concerning prevention and management of bio-fouling In water treatment systems, the literature is extensive. Much of the art and science found useful, is applicable to RO systems as well. Several factors peculiar to the RO system can be mentioned. Chemicals used to sanitize and clean the system have to be chemically compatible with the thin, salt-rejecting, polyamide or cellulose acetate barrier membrane.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Безопасность Общество реализует политики, правила и принимает технические меры безопасности для защиты личных сведений, находящихся под контролем Общества, в полном соответствии с законодательством по обеспечению конфиденциальности и защите данных, которое относится к юрисдикции, применимой к Сайту.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Many AI assistants, such as Siri and Alexa, are designed to integrate with smart home devices. [SEP] Text: Abstractassess the quality and accuracy of the voice assistants (VAs), Amazon Alexa, Siri and Google Assistant, in answering consumer health questions about vaccine safety and use. of each VA to 54 questions related to vaccination were scored using a rubric designed to assess the accuracy of each answer provided through audio output and the quality of the source supporting each answer. of a total of 6 possible points, Siri averaged 5. 16 points, averaged 5. 10 points and Alexa averaged 0. 98 points. and Siri understood voice queries accurately and provided users with links to authoritative sources about vaccination. Alexa understood fewer voice queries and did not draw answers from the same sources that were used by and Siri. involved in patient education should be aware of the high variability of results between VAs. Developers and health technology experts should also push for greater usability and transparency about information partnerships as the health information delivery capabilities of these devices expand in the future. Back to topSummaryWhat is already known? Voice assistants (VAs) are increasingly used to search for online information. VAs’ ability to deliver health information has been demonstrated to be inconsistent in Siri and Google Assistant. What does this paper add? This study evaluates vaccine health information delivered by the top three virtual assistants. This paper highlights answer variability across devices and explores potential health information delivery models for these tools. IntroductionPatients widely use the internet to find health information. 1 A growing share of internet searches are conducted using voice search. In 2018, voice queries accounted for one-fifth of search queries, and industry leaders predict that figure will grow to 30%–50% by 2020. 2–4 The growth in voice search is partially driven by the ubiquity of artificial intelligence-powered voice assistants (VAs) on mobile apps, such as Siri and Google Assistant, and on smart speakers, such as and Amazon Echo. 5 As VAs become available on more household devices, more people are turning to them for informational queries. In 2018, 72. 9% of smart speaker owners reported using their devices to ask a question at least once a month. 6 A number of health-related companion apps have been released for these VAs, suggesting developer confidence that VAs will be used in the health information context in the future. 7 8Many studies have evaluated the quality of health information websites and found varied results depending on the topic being researched. 9–12 However, the literature evaluating how well VAs find and interpret online health information is limited.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Solar desalination systems require no maintenance and last indefinitely. [SEP] Text: Of prime concern is that accumulation and exponential growth of the microorganisms should not be allowed to occur within the system. Pretreatment of feedwater, adequate maintenance of upstream unit operations, continuous flow of water through the RO unit, good monitoring and sanitization program, and used of preservatives during downtime [15] are important to this end. Normalized permeate flow and differential pressure in the system [20] are sensitive indicators of bio-fouling. Advertisement 4. Practical procedure for maintenance cleaning is limited to the re-circulation of cleaning solutions through the membrane elements. By a patented method [16] of membrane reconditioning, spiral wound elements with the hard casing removed, are routinely used in selecting effective cleaners for cleaning by re-circulation. This allows for visual inspection of membrane surface after each cleaning test. It is apparent that except for easily soluble foulants like calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or ferric and aluminum hydroxide, and less easily dissolved foulants like silica, silicates, calcium sulfate and strontium sulfate, nearly all other RO foulants are only slightly dissolved in even the best matched cleaning solutions with extensive soaking. Removal requires high tangential flow velocities to facilitate detachment of foulants from the surfaces of the membrane and the brine-side spacer screen. Cleaning is usually partially effective, especially where flow channels are clogged, and large patches within the elements are inaccessible to the re-circulating cleaning solution. For this reason, the need for cleaning should be minimized or completely eliminated by the new antiscalants and antifoulants now available, and adequate pretreatment and pilot testing of cleaning process developed during pilot testing stage. When cleaning is necessary during operation, it should be performed at the earliest stages of fouling. It is generally agreed among membrane manufacturers and practitioners that RO systems should be cleaned before the following performance changes are reached: 1. Loss of 10 to 15% in normalized permeate flowrate. 2. Increase of 10 to 15% in differential pressure. 3. Decrease of 1 to 2% in salt rejection. If a cleaning procedure fails to fully restore the system performance to the reference RO system startup values, it is certain that continued use of the same cleaning procedure will lead to accelerating decline in system performance and increasing cleaning frequency.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Разработаны меры безопасности по предотвращению доступа, ненадлежащего использования или раскрытия, изменения, незаконного уничтожения или случайной потери данных. Дети Настоящий Сайт не предназначен для детей и не ориентирован на них. Общество преднамеренно не собирает сведения, поступающие от детей.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Many AI assistants, such as Siri and Alexa, are designed to integrate with smart home devices. [SEP] Text: decides to give his iPad one more chance, but with a big condition: He has to be able to talk to Alexa. Leo’s IEP team sees this as an opportunity to tackle an ongoing challenge: Leo finds it difficult to sustain and expand his relationships with school staff and peers once the school day ends. In his attempts to connect with people, Leo has been using his iPad to send emails from home. As a result of his significant physical limitations, he’s been using his forehead, chin and face to type on the on-screen keyboard. Although he can send brief messages, the time and effort required is exhausting. His team wants to find a better way. Now that way presents itself: smart-assistant technology. With Leo’s determination and his speech-language pathologist’s love for all things related to technology, his team devises a plan to integrate this technology into his home life. The new arrangement has revolutionized Leo’s level of interaction with others and the world, and could do the same for many other people with communication and physical impairments. Smart home, easier communication Every day, commercials advertising the newest smart home assistants are broadcasted on millions of American televisions. Some of the most popular systems include Google Home, Amazon Echo, Apple’s Siri, and the Facebook Portal. Each of these systems uses voice activation to complete a variety of tasks, including making phone calls, answering questions, using video chat, unlocking the front door and even starting the microwave. Smart assistants are changing the ways we interact with our homes and giving SLPs a unique opportunity to facilitate independence while providing natural reinforcement and motivation for communication. Like Leo, many people with communication difficulties, particularly those with limited intelligibility and mobility, struggle to access these technological comforts that are becoming more common every day. By pairing AAC with the ever-expanding skill set of smart home assistants, SLPs can open up an entirely new world for their clients. In Leo’s case, this effort included a smart-home makeover with collaboration from his family, SLP and occupational therapist. AAC pairing One of the limitations of smart-assistant technology is that it relies on the user’s clear, verbal communication—not always possible for clients with limited verbal capabilities.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Solar desalination systems require no maintenance and last indefinitely. [SEP] Text: For this reason, it is important to address two issues at this point: a) find an improved cleaning procedure, b) investigate possible improvement of pretreatment to avoid membrane fouling. Continue cleaning and process improvement efforts until stability of the RO performance is attained. Even with well piloted and designed RO plants, and smooth operations initially, source water qualities invariably change over time. Equipment and personnel changes also impact performance, requiring constant vigil and preparedness for continuous improvement of the plant. 4. 1. Major membrane manufacturers generally define five types of foulants for which various generic chemicals are recommended for blending at the site where cleaning solutions are prepared. The five types of foulants are: 1) Acid-soluble Foulants, 2) Bio-film/Bacterial Slime/Biological Matter, 3) Carbon-containing Oils/Organic Matter, 4) Colloids, and 5) Silica and Silicates. Proprietary booster cleaners are commercially available to fortify the effectiveness of these generic cleaners that are formulated at the site. For convenience and technical support, a large variety of proprietary RO membrane cleaners are available from chemical suppliers that specialize in RO operations. Such proprietary cleaners and cleaning support are available when generic cleaners do not perform adequately. 4. 2. Experience has shown that within the same class of foulants, responses to the same cleaning solution can vary considerably. Elemental analyses of foulants and cleaning studies have shown that more than one type of foulant can be present on the membrane at the same time, requiring sequential cleaning with different cleaners. Sometimes even the order of cleaners used would make a significant difference. All this is to say that the choice of cleaners and the cleaning procedure to be used is an empirical science. For a given set of conditions in a plant, cleaning efficiencies are improved by trials over time. The progress of improvement can be greatly accelerated by conducting off-line cleaning studies on test skids for single fouled elements taken from the plant. When a better cleaning method is needed in the plant, the following are the alternative strategies: Strategy 1: The plant has a history of using generic cleaning chemicals, and modest improvement in effectiveness is needed, consider purchase of proprietary booster cleaners. Strategy 2: A significant cleaning improvement is needed, look for proprietary cleaner supplier with associated cleaning expertise.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Однако программное обеспечение, используемое для поддержания работы настоящего Сайта, автоматически не отличает посетителей моложе 18 лет от остальных пользователей, поэтому Общество требует, чтобы лица моложе 18 лет получили согласие родителя, опекуна, учителя или библиотекаря на просмотр настоящего Сайта.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Many AI assistants, such as Siri and Alexa, are designed to integrate with smart home devices. [SEP] Text: But when you try to convince hesitant or resistant users of AAC to see the importance of their devices, you can demonstrate that using smart-assistant technology turns their communication device into a technological doorway. What previously required help from others can now be done independently, just by using voice output on their communication device to communicate with their smart assistant. The concept may appear to be complicated, but it’s much easier than it seems. Leo’s first big success in using his smart home system was setting up a video call with his SLP. Before the call, his SLP set up a page on his iPad that shows him how to use his smart assistant. With three buttons—“Alexa,” “video call,” “my SLP”—Leo made his first independent phone call. Because communication with Leo is much easier when you can read his facial expressions and gestures, Leo successfully discussed his day and experienced first-hand how using his communication device could benefit him in ways he never thought possible. Because of cerebral palsy, Leo has several physicians and specialists working with him. Several unique circumstances and a language barrier limit communication between Leo’s family and his care team, making it difficult for those working with him to monitor his health, medication changes, wheelchair adjustments, and other issues. By using his communication device and smart assistant, Leo can now independently reach out to his team, set up a video call, and advocate for himself. His team, in turn, can hear Leo’s input and see his physical state and monitor any changes. At 15, Leo is learning to use his communication device and the technology around him to independently participate in his medical care, something that was previously limited. Channels of engagement There are four main areas in which to use smart assistants with AAC (see sources): motivation/entertainment, social and community engagement, environmental controls and medical/emergency support. Motivation/entertainment For many SLPs working with clients who use AAC, gaining buy-in can be challenging. Teaching someone how to use a communication system is one thing—but getting the client to see value in that system is another. Although many AAC users see the inherent benefits of using their communication system, some users, like Leo, need some additional motivation. When SLPs are working with children, they can pair the use of AAC and a smart assistant with the concept of cause and effect.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Solar desalination systems require no maintenance and last indefinitely. [SEP] Text: Option 1: With prior knowledge of the characteristics of the foulant on hand, with consultation with the supplier, select a combination of cleaners for trial in the plant. Option 2: Send one to three fouled elements to specialist for cleaning study, foulant analysis and review of plant performance history and pretreatment process. Document the findings along with pilot cleaning results using a recommended improved cleaning procedure. Simultaneously address recovery of the plant and avoidance of repeated fouling. Option 3: Send all fouled elements for off-site cleaning by specialist. Strategy 3: All cleaning efforts by re-circulation of cleaning solutions have failed, consider non-routine methods like using proprietary membrane conditioning liquids or membrane reconstruction process by which membrane bundle is unrolled, cleaned leaf by leaf, then restored with a new hard-casing. 4. 3. On-line Basically there are six (6) steps in the cleaning of membrane elements in place in RO systems: 1. Solution. 2. Pumping. Pump preheated cleaning solution to the vessels at conditions of low flow rate (about half of that shown in Table 2) and low pressure to displace the process water. With the RO concentrate throttling valve completely open to minimize pressure during cleaning, use only enough pressure to compensate for the pressure drop from feed to concentrate. The pressure should be low enough that essentially no permeate is produced. A low pressure minimizes re-deposition of dirt on the membrane. Dump the concentrate, as necessary, to prevent the dilution of the cleaning solution. 3. Re-circulate. After the process water is displaced, cleaning solution will be present in the concentrate stream. Re-circulate the concentrate to the cleaning solution tank and allow the temperature to stabilize. 4. Soak. Turn the pump off and allow the elements to soak. Sometimes a soaking period of about 1 hour is sufficient. For difficult to clean foulants, an extended overnight soaking period of 10-15 hours is beneficial. To maintain a high temperature during an extended soaking period, use a slow re-circulation rate (about 10% of that shown in Table 2). 5. Pumping. Feed the cleaning solution at the rates shown in Table 2 for 30-60 minutes. The high cross-flow rate flushes out the foulants removed from the membrane surface by the cleaning, with minimal or no permeation through the membrane to avoid compacting the foulant.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Если Общество обнаруживает, что ребенок разместил личные сведения на данном Сайте, то принимает разумные меры для удаления таких сведений из файлов компании. Условия пользования, уведомления и новые редакции политики Если Пользователь решает посетить данный Сайт, посещение и любой спор в отношении сохранения конфиденциальности регламентируются настоящими Общими условиями.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Many AI assistants, such as Siri and Alexa, are designed to integrate with smart home devices. [SEP] Text: For example, using the communication device to tell the smart assistant to play “Row, Row, Boat” removes the need for the clinician to activate the song, allowing the child to communicate and independently access a highly reinforcing motivator. This same strategy can be used with a variety of smart home accessories, such as smart plugs, which can be used to activate almost anything that would plug into a regular outlet. Using this paired set-up can help clients independently access TV shows, audio books, movies and music. The possibilities are endless. Social and community engagement In addition to functioning as both a voice and video call system, smart assistants can provide guidance, organization and information for day-to-day activities and living. For example, both the system and system allow users to activate routines using a key phrase. For example, saying, “Alexa, start my day” can initiate a review of the day’s schedule, weather, current news, notifications and even positive affirmations. Without this technology, accessing that amount of information would require a significant amount of time and effort for people with physical and communication impairments. Clients with limited communication and mobility may have a more restricted social life, causing them to feel disconnected from the world around them. With the help of smart-assistant technology, users can easily gain access to national and global news, interact with peers, and even hear the latest celebrity gossip. Helping AAC users feel connected to their community is an immeasurable benefit of using this type of technology. Environmental controls The options for smart home accessories are expanding daily. From smart plugs and lights to appliances and security systems, a variety of options allow people who use AAC to engage in functional and meaningful communication. For an adult with limited mobility, something as simple as changing the temperature in their home could be an impossible task. Now, using a smart assistant, they can do it on their own. Medical/emergency support As with Leo, the video communication aspect of many of the smart-assistant systems allows service providers remote access to their clients, facilitating timely care and decreased response time for medical consultation. Pairing low-tech AAC solutions with smart assistants is another invaluable way to use smart home technology with people who have limited verbal skills. Creating panic buttons in areas such as the kitchen or bathroom gives one-hit access to emergency personnel or a designated contact person.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Solar desalination systems require no maintenance and last indefinitely. [SEP] Text: If the elements are heavily fouled (which should not be a normal occurence), a flow rate which is 50% higher than shown in Table 1 may aid cleaning. At higher flow rates excessive pressure drop may be a problem. The maximum recommended pressure drop is 20 psi per element or 60 psi per multi-element vessel, whichever value is more limiting. Note: In this cleaning mode, foulants are generally partially dissolved in the cleaner and partially dislodged physically from the membrane and flow channels without dissolving. An in-line filter removes the re-circulated p6. Flush Out. Pre-filtered raw water can be used for flushing out the cleaning solution, unless there will be corrosion problems such as with seawater corroding stainless steel piping. To prevent precipitation, the minimum flush temperature is 20 deg. C. Additional Notes: The pH should be monitored during acid cleaning. The acid is consumed when it dissolves alkaline scales. If the pH increases more than 0. 5 pH units, add more acid. Feed Pressure* Rate (psig) (inches) (GPM) 20 - 60 2. 5 3 - 5 20 - 60 4 8 -10 20 - 60 6 16 -20 20 - 60 8 30 -40 * Dependent on the number of elements in the pressure vessel Table 2. Re-circulation During Cleaning. tapered multi-staged systems the flushing and soaking steps can be performed simultaneously in the entire array. The high flow-rate re-circulation step however should be carried out separately for each stage, so that the flow-rate is not too low in the first stage and too high in the last. This can be accomplished either by using one cleaning pump and operating one stage at a time, or using a separate cleaning pump for each stage. 4. 4. Control and Improvement of To assure complete recovery of membrane performance by cleaning, the system performance should be adequately controlled by trending of normalized flux, differential pressure and salt rejection [20] to 1) trigger a cleaning when any monitored parameters change from normal baseline by 10-15%, 2) record the trended parameters before and after each cleaning, 3) initiate improvement actions for better cleaning if membrane performance does not fully recover. A change in responsiveness to previously effective cleaning process signals a change in fouling pattern that requires immediate attention.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Общество сохраняет за собой право вносить изменения в настоящую политику без уведомления Пользователей. Если Пользователь продолжает пользоваться Сайтом после внесения изменений в данную политику, это означает, что Пользователь принимает такие изменения. Порядок действий при возникновении технических проблем Что именно надо сообщить о технической проблеме: Укажите тему запроса. Тема должна отражать краткую суть проблемы.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: AI assistants are increasingly able to learn user preferences to improve recommendations. [SEP] Text: In advanced disease, such as with PMC, 20% of patients may not present with watery diarrhea; instead they present with an ileus and marked abdominal distention and pain. 1 This presentation is not characteristic of classic CDI and could lead to an incorrect diagnosis. and timely diagnosis of CDI remains a challenge and should be based on the patient's history and findings on physical examination, associated risk factors, clinical presentation, laboratory results, and identification of C difficile or its toxin or toxigenic strain in unformed stool. The gold standard for diagnosing CDI is the cell culture cytotoxic assay. This test has high specificity and sensitivity but requires specialized laboratory techniques; it is both labor- and time-intensive. 15 Most laboratories in the use enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for diagnosing CDI by detecting C difficile toxins in stool samples. EIAs have a rapid turnaround time and are easy to perform, although they have a higher false-negative rate over the more sensitive cell culture cytotoxic assay. 9 Laboratories typically diagnose CDI using a two-step approach. Initially, stool is screened with an EIA that detects glutamate dehydrogenase, a C difficile antigen, and positive results are confirmed with an EIA toxin test. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests that detect C difficile toxins (sensitivity, 90-95%; specificity, 95-96%) are rapid, easy to perform, and becoming more commonly used. 4,9 One such PCR test was approved by the FDA in 2011. It detects the presence of C difficile in the stool and determines whether the bacterium is the epidemic BI/NAP1/027 strain. 16 Stool testing on asymptomatic patients and repeat stool tests of cure are not recommended. 9 25 years, oral vancomycin (Vancocin), metronidazole (Flagyl, generics), or combinations of both medications have served as the primary treatment of CDI. 4 Clinical guidelines to date have shown these medications to be equally effective. 9,17 However, a recent study by Zar and colleagues showed decreased efficacy of metronidazole in patients with severe CDI: The cure rate was 76% for metronidazole and 97% for vancomycin.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Solar desalination systems require no maintenance and last indefinitely. [SEP] Text: If partial cleanings are allowed to continue, the system performance will decline at increasing rate, and will become increasingly difficult to recover. In-place cleaning processes are improved primarily by the choice of cleaning chemicals and the order of the application sequence. Depending on the composition of the complex foulants, when two or more cleaners are found necessary, often the order in which they are used is important. Also critical, but to lesser extents are the variables of time, temperature, and cross-flow rate. Through thorough review of the water and pretreatment chemistry, analyses of the foulant composition and source, and customized selection of antiscalants, dispersants and high performance cleaners, both fouling avoidance and reliable plant performance can be attained. Practical experiences show that plant performances invariably change over years of service due to imposed changes in source water, equipment, regulatory and human factors. Attentive operation and maintenance assures early detection of developing problem, and timely adjustments. Advertisement 5. rejection of dissolved salts and suspended colloidal p1. Bergman R. Ed 2007 and Nanofiltration, Manual M46, 2nd Edn. ,. 2. Paul D. H. 2003 Problems in 1-5; and world-wide training seminars of D. H. Paul, Inc. 3. Ning R. Y. 2003 Discussion of Silica Speciation, Fouling, Control and Desalination 151 67 73 4. Ning R. Y. Troyer T. L. Tominello R. S. 2009 Antiscalants for Recovery of Water with Tandem RO 9 92 95 5. Ning R. Y. Netwig J. P. 2002 of in 143 29 34 6. Ning R. Y. 2001 of RO Systems at High pH Levels. September 18 21 7. Ning R. Y. 2000 Making an for by & 8. Ning R. Y. 1999 of 39 42 9. Ning R. Y. 1999 Relevant to the 123 157 164 10. Ning R. Y. Shen P. T. L. 1998 Observations from Analysis of Membrane Foulants. April 37 40 11. Ning R. Y. Stith D. 1997 The Iron, Silica and 30 32 12. Ning R. Y. 2003 A from Prepurification of to Intervention Amer. Membr. Tech. Assoc. 2003 3-5 13. Ning R. Y.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Примеры тем: Ошибка при подаче статьи в журнал; Не удается сгенерировать договор; Не могу войти на портал; Какие темы писать не надо: «Ошибка! »; «Вопрос»; «Срочно! ». Это никак не ускорит обработку заявки, но потребует больше времени для её обработки. Опишите проблему. Чем подробнее описана проблема, тем проще разобраться в ее причинах.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: AI assistants are increasingly able to learn user preferences to improve recommendations. [SEP] Text: RIA and scope Instructions for Authors 4739. png A on User P10. 18280/ria. 370527 Received: 19 July 2023 | Revised: 1 October 2023 | Accepted: 8 October 2023 | Available online: 31 October 2023 | Citation © 2023 IIETA. This 4. 0 license ( ria_37. 05_27. pdf : With the recent upsurge in music consumption, music recommendation systems have gained substantial prominence. Platforms like Spotify are increasingly relied upon by users for curated music, underscoring the need for improved recommendation algorithms. While the analysis of user p1. systems are an emerging field of research has grown fast and become popular. Significant advances in Internet technology and e-commerce have also fueled growing interest in this research topic. Music recommender systems are systems that assist users in discovering new music and dealing with the overwhelming amount of music content available online. The rise of music streaming platforms such as Spotify and Pandora has significantly increased the accessibility of music, but also presented a challenge to users in finding music that they will enjoy. This is where music recommender systems come into play by providing personalised recommendations based on user p1. Librosa integration: with Librosa, we extended the boundaries of feature extraction by incorporating advanced signal processing and feature engineering techniques. 2. PyAudio analyses: To further enrich our feature set, we introduced the use of PyAudio for real-time audio analysis. This not only allowed us to process audio data in a dynamic and adaptive manner but also provided us with a wealth of new features, such as live tempo analysis, audio quality assessment, and even mood detection. This real-time analysis component is a unique addition to our approach, enabling our system to adapt and respond to users' changing p3. Deep learning (with CNN-VGG16): In addition to traditional feature extraction methods, we harnessed the power of deep learning to extract high-level musical features directly from audio sequences. Our deep learning models, trained on extensive datasets, were able to capture complex patterns and relationships within the music, contributing a layer of sophistication and accuracy to our recommender system that sets it apart from conventional approaches. By incorporating these three distinct strategies, we not only provide a more holistic and precise methods for generating music recommendations but also we introduce innovative techniques that push the boundaries of what is possible in audio-based recommendation systems.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Genetically modified trees could complement natural reforestation efforts. [SEP] Text: The final concentration of phenylopropanoids added to the cell culture is listed in Table 1. Prior to fibroblast treatment, the GT4 preparations were sterilized by filtration through an Acrodisc 0. 22 μm filter (). Table 1 Biochemical composition of GT4 seedcakes preparations used for cell in vitro studies Full size table Antioxidant activity of GT4 preparationsRadical scavenging activity of the GT4 seedcake preparations and pure compounds was determined using the stable free radical 2,2’-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. A quantity of 40 μl of each test solution (GT4 preparation No. 2, 3 and 4, 1 mM ferulic acid, 1 mM p-coumaric acid, 1 mM quercetin, 1 mM rutin, 1 mM vitamin C) was mixed with 1000 μl of a freshly prepared DPPH-methanol solution (0,1 mM) and allowed to stand for 30 min at room temperature. The optical densities of the resulting solutions were read at 517 nm using a Cary 50 Conc UV/vis spectrometer. Cell cultureNormal human dermal firbroblasts (NHDF) were obtained from Laboratory of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology at Wrocław University, Poland. The NHDF cells were maintained at 37°C, 5% CO2 in (α-MEM, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, of Science, Poland) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (), 1% L-glutamine (Invitorgen, USA) and 1% antibiotic mixture (Invitorgen, USA). NHDF used in this study were between the third and seventh passages. 24 h prior to the treatment, the medium was replaced with α-MEM containing 0. 5% FBS. The 0. 5% FBS concentration is a maintenance dose needed for the production of healthy cells. It does not significantly stimulate proliferation of cells. Fibroblast microscopyCells were seeded in a 24-well plate at a concentration of 1 × 104 cells/mL, and after 24 h GT4 seedcake preparations (#1-#5) were added to the plate. Non-treated cells served as a control.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Что надо указать: Что вы делали, перед тем как проблема возникла: Выполнил(а) вход в личный кабинет; Какой вы ожидали результат: Должен был открыться личный кабинет; Какой результат вы получили: Возникла такая-то ошибка, вылезло окошко с текстом и пр. В подписи укажите ФИО, название организации, город, контактный номер телефона для связи. Сопроводите обращение уточняющей информацией: Когда проблема возникла (Дата/Время).

Output: pass