Input: Claim: Shift work can negatively impact metabolic health. [SEP] Text: The suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus, which are the major biological clocks in humans, regulate the excretion of plasma melatonin from the pineal gland. The information on external light is carried to the suprachiasmatic nuclei from the retina by the retinohypothalamic tract. Among people with normal circadian rhythmicity, the excretion of endogenous melatonin takes place only during the night, and the nighttime secretion can also be inhibited by artificial light. Melatonin is an important hormone in the regulation of circadian rhythms, but it seems to be involved also directly in the regulation of gonadal function (4). Decreased concentrations of circulating melatonin can result in an increased release of gonadotropins from the pituitary, stimulating testicular testosterone or ovarian estrogen production and release. Extensive animal data show that both pharmacological and physiological doses of melatonin can reduce the growth of malignant cells or tumors of the breast, prostate, and other tumor sites (5–7). On the other hand, light exposure during an experimental “night” of test animals increases the progression of cancer (8). In humans, breast cancer risk among females also decreases according to the degree of visual impairment (9, 10); this decrease suggests a potential role and dose–response relationship between visual stimuli and the incidence of breast cancer. A similar, but less consistent trend has also been observed for prostate cancer in visually impaired males (9). Although melatonin and light are indeed related to cancer, the relevance of the “melatonin theory” in the association between shift work and cancer depends on whether shift workers are exposed to decreased melatonin secretion due to changes in the environmental light–dark cycle. Shift work does induce changes in light exposure since night work has to be done under artificial lighting conditions and night workers must sleep and spend their free-time during the day. However, there seems to be no sufficient quantitative data on the actual 24-hour differences in light exposure between night and day workers. It is also known that night work changes the endogenous circadian rhythm of melatonin. Most studies indicate a partial phase delay in the melatonin rhythm during consecutive night shifts (10, 11) and a decrease in the melatonin circadian amplitude during the circadian adjustment process. In a recent study, night workers indeed showed a lower diurnal melatonin secretion than day workers (12).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All diseases can be eradicated by altering the human genome. [SEP] Text: [22] or In particular note: The green line (TagRetNone): the predicted fall in total PI numbers assuming all PIs are removed from farms immediately following testing (that is, without any PI retention). Under this scenario, estimated time to eradication is 3–4 years from programme start (2016–17). The yellow line (TagRetUnlim): predicted fall in PI numbers given high levels of PI retention (that is, PI retention continues at a high level each year). Under this scenario, eradication is unlikely to occur. The black line (TagRetLim, generally obscured by the light blue line): the predicted fall in PI numbers, assuming high levels of PI retention during the first three years of the programme, but no PI retention subsequently. Under this scenario, estimated time to eradication is 6–7 years from programme start (2019–20). Three additional lines were included to test sensitivity assumptions, including: the red line (TagRetHighInf, doubling of transmission probabilities), the purple line (TagRetLowMort, doubling of survival time of PI animals) and the light blue line (TagRetNoIU, suppression of movement of animals with in utero infections)Full size imageAdditional measuresThe aforementioned Wageningen-CVERA modelling study [10] has highlighted the need for further measures, in addition to all current controls and badger vaccination, if Ireland is to eradicate TB within a reasonable time frame. Drawing on research findings, international experience and a detailed understanding of the situation in Ireland, it is my view that this is best achieved by adequately addressing TB risks from wildlife, implementing additional risk-based cattle controls, and enhancing industry engagement. Adequately addressing TB risks from wildlifeBadgersBased on available evidence (including [7, 9, 10]), a national programme of badger vaccination will substantially contribute to national eradication efforts. There is a need for ongoing critical evaluation of this programme, investigating both the dynamics of TB infection in badgers and changes in the risk posed to cattle. Particular emphasis should be placed on the non-inferiority trial (where comparison is being made between badger vaccination and ongoing badger culling), detailed monitoring and evaluation of ongoing badger vaccination particularly in areas where problems arise, and relevant aspects of badger ecology. Each of these issues is an area of active national research.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Some cultures have legends of creatures like Bigfoot and the Loch Ness Monster. [SEP] Text: Willems, Kroniek uitkoop en geschillenregeling 2011-2013, in: M. Holtzer, A. F. J. A. Leijten & D. J. Oranje (red. ), Geschriften vanwege de Litigation 2013-2014 (VDHI nr. 121), Deventer: Kluwer 2014, p. 209. Dit is de prijs die de OK in de systematiek van prijsbepaling in artikel 2:359c lid 6 BW de billijke prijs noemt. 20x (OK) 15 mei 2008, ECLI:NL:GHAMS:2008:BD1680, ARO 2008/96 (Euronext), r. o. 3. 11; J. H. M. Willems, redactionele aantekening onder ARO 2022/107 (NIBC), punt 3. Met het woord ‘onafhankelijk’ wil de OK volgens mij tot uitdrukking brengen dat de onafhankelijkheid van de bieder ten opzichte van de aanmeldende aandeelhouder relevant is voor de vraag of in de aanmelding van de aandelen steun voor de biedprijs kan worden gelezen. Door in het aanmeldpercentage te corrigeren voor aandeelhouders die niet onafhankelijk zijn van de bieder blijft de juridische fictie dat de bieder de meest biedende én onafhankelijke koper is overeind. Daardoor kun je zeggen dat de biedprijs een billijke prijs is. Hier ga ik in paragraaf 4. 2 en 4. 4 nader op in. Deze definitie van de ‘billijke prijs’ maakt de prijsbepaling van de aandelen in de vennootschap op zichzelf nog niet makkelijker. Elke seconde verandert de waarde van de onderneming.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can negatively impact metabolic health. [SEP] Text: The association between shift work, shift work sleep disorders and premature ejaculation in male workers access Published: 03 July 2024 The association between shift work, shift work sleep disorders and premature ejaculation in male workers Zhenming Zheng1,2,3 na1, Jiashan Pan1,2,3 na1, Zhimin Chen1,2,3 na1, Pan Gao1,2,3, Jingjing Gao1,2,3, Hui Jiang4 & …Xiansheng Zhang1,2,3 Show authors BMC 1. 58, 95% CI 0. 75 – 2. 42, p < 0. 001) and those suffering from SWSD (β 2. 86, 95% CI 1. 86 – 3. 85, p < 0. 001) they had significantly higher PEDT scores. Additionally, we identified daily sleep of less than six hours, depression, anxiety, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, frequent alcohol consumption (more than twice a week), and erectile dysfunction as risk factors for PE. The predictive model for PE demonstrated commendable efficacy. ConclusionBoth shift work and SWSD significantly increase the risk of premature ejaculation, with the risk magnifying in tandem with the duration of shift work. This study reveals the potential impact of shift work and SWSD on PE and provides new theoretical foundations for the risk assessment and prevention of this condition. reports IntroductionWith the development of industrialization, an increasing number of factories have adopted a 24-h shift work system to enhance productivity. Additionally, certain professions such as nursing and policing necessitate shift schedules to ensure 24-h staffing. Nearly one-fifth of employees worldwide are engaged in some form of shift work [1, 2]. Non-standard shift work is defined as starting before 07:00 or after 14:00, rotated, or regularly including hours outside the standard 07:00 to 18:00 workday [3, 4]. Frequent transitions between night and day shifts can disrupt circadian rhythms, a considerable proportion of shift workers suffer from shift work sleep disorder (SWSD), characterized by excessive sleepiness, insomnia, or a combination of both [5]. A large cross-sectional survey from China found that 19. 9% of shift workers experienced SWSD [6]. With the increasing prevalence of shift work, the substantial population with SWSD has become a significant public health concern [7].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All diseases can be eradicated by altering the human genome. [SEP] Text: Higher TB prevalence has been observed, however, this does not provide conclusive evidence that TB is self-sustaining in local deer populations, nor – if it is – of the relative contribution of infected deer to local TB epidemiology (establishment and spread). Clarifying the epidemiological role of wildlife species is not straightforward [24, 25, 36], and the methodologies used in Michigan are not directly transferable to Ireland. Two recommendations are made, relevant to Ireland. In geographical areas of concern, deer should be managed to minimise risk factors that are known to facilitate the establishment and perpetuation of deer as a maintenance host for TB. Based on international experience and general principles, these risk factors include increased population density and circumstances that facilitate aggregation (both of deer per se, and of deer with other known infected species). Concurrently, deer removed during these management operations should be utilized to maximise their scientific value in clarifying the epidemiological role being played by deer in these localities. Using this material, and building on earlier research, it is appropriate to conduct ecological and epidemiological studies to address questions relevant to TB establishment, pathogen transmission/spread/persistence, both within and between relevant species (cattle, badgers, deer), and laboratory studies (pathology, microbiology) to further clarify the natural history of infection in this species (including route(s) of infection, the anatomical location of lesions, the route(s) and levels of excretion) [24]. Emerging technologies, including whole genome sequencing (WGS), may assist in tracking the TB-causing pathogen in time and space, to determine the direction and relative frequency of spread between cattle, badgers and deer in the same locality [37, 38]. WGS has been used in a number of settings relating to TB in cattle and wildlife, including Germany (in a wildlife park [39]), [40, 41], UK [42] and the USA [43] (in the latter three countries, as part of their national TB eradication programme). WGS is currently being applied to TB samples from cattle, badgers and deer in the Calary area of Co. Wicklow, seeking a better understanding of the epidemiological role played by deer in this locality. There is currently no evidence that TB is maintained in other farmed and wild animal species in Ireland, such as goats.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Some cultures have legends of creatures like Bigfoot and the Loch Ness Monster. [SEP] Text: Waardebepaling van een onderneming en daarmee de prijs van een aandeel is daarom een kunst. Waardebepaling van een beursgenoteerde vennootschap is wat minder een kunst, omdat de beurskoers in een liquide, goed functionerende markt de waarde van de onderneming reflecteert. 21x Salemink 2014, par. 9. 3. 2. Het billijke prijsvermoeden bestaat om in de bijzondere uitkoopprocedure het een en ander te vergemakkelijken. De uitkoopprijs wordt namelijk vermoed een billijke prijs te zijn wanneer de bieder als gevolg van de aanvaarding van het bod aandelen heeft verworven die ten minste 90% vertegenwoordigen van het kapitaal waar het bod betrekking op heeft en waaraan stemrechten zijn verbonden (hierna: het 90%-criterium). 22x Art. 15 lid 5 van Richtlijn 2004/25/EG. Dit is een ander percentage dan het percentage genoemd in par. 3. 1 en noot 20. Het gaat hier om het percentage van aandelen en stemrechten die de bieder door middel van het openbaar bod heeft verkregen, waarbij de aandelen en stemrechten waarover de bieder al beschikte voorafgaand aan het bod dus irrelevant zijn. De prijs voor de aandelen wordt vastgesteld op basis van steun voor die waardering in de markt. Daarmee wordt een tijdrovende en kostbare prijsvaststelling, bijvoorbeeld door de benoeming van deskundigen, voorkomen. 23x Kamerstukken II 2005/06, 30419, nr. 3, p. 10.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can negatively impact metabolic health. [SEP] Text: Shift work and the SWSD have multifaceted negative effects on physical and psychological health, exacerbating risks of anxiety, depression, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, endocrine dysfunctions, and even elevating the likelihood of maladies such as breast cancer [7,8,9]. In males, the repercussions of shift work and sleep disturbances are widespread, encompassing an increased risk of hypogonadism and diminished testosterone levels [10], with potential detriments to erectile function [11] and reproductive capacity [12]. It is worth noting that these diseases and health conditions, which are strongly associated with shift work and sleep disorders, are also strongly associated with premature ejaculation [13,14,15,16]. However, there is a dearth of reports on the impact of shift work and sleep disturbances on male ejaculatory regulation and premature ejaculation. Previous studies indicate that the onset of premature ejaculation is influenced by a variety of neurotransmitters (such as serotonin, dopamine, γ-aminobutyric acid) and hormones (such as testosterone) [17,18,19,20], which are, in turn, regulated by sleep rhythms and duration [21, 22]. Therefore, we postulate that shift work and sleep disturbances could potentially indirectly influence the occurrence of premature ejaculation by affecting the secretion of central neurotransmitters and increasing the risk of other associated diseases. To explore the association between shift work, SWSD, and premature ejaculation, this study conducted a representative sampling survey across the South, North, East, West, and regions—the research aimed to investigate the impact of shift work and SWSD on premature ejaculation. Additionally, based on various risk factors a clinical prediction model for premature ejaculation was constructed, providing important 2023. A secure and reliable electronic questionnaire collection platform ( was used to facilitate anonymous online survey participation. Participants filled out the questionnaire by scanning its QR code via WeChat and received professional assistance from urologists, graduate students in urology, and community doctors to ensure accurate comprehension of the questions. A pilot study involving 10% of the total sample was conducted beforehand to ensure the questionnaire’s practicability. Data collection procedure and data quality controlThe questionnaire compiled data on age, height, weight, education, marital status, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking, alcohol consumption, work shifts, sleep quality, and sexual function.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All diseases can be eradicated by altering the human genome. [SEP] Text: Towards the latter stages of the programme, when infected herds were identified, there was a shift from ‘test and slaughter’ to whole herd depopulation to eliminate the threat posed by residual infection [16]. The EU legislation does not adequately mitigate the aforementioned heightened TB risk associated with these herds. Cattle movement leading to ongoing recycling of infectionThere is very substantial movement of cattle in Ireland. In 2016, there were 1. 3 million movement events, this being all journeys travelled by vehicles (such as trailers) to transport cattle to marts, new herds, slaughter plants or export facilities. These movement events covered a cumulative distance of 46 million kilometres in a single year (equivalent of circumnavigating the Earth 1015 times or travelling to the moon and back 60 times) [53] (Fig. 3). Fig. 3Screenshot of cattle movement events in Ireland, in this case from 12 August 2016. From McGrath et al. [50]. The blue lines depict movements to slaughter or export, and the red lines from farm to farm including via a mart. The movement video is available on YouTube at imageThe problem of residual infection coupled with substantial cattle movement leads to ongoing ‘churn’ or recycling of infection within the national population. This problem will greatly constrain efforts towards successful TB eradication. Further, the relative importance of this problem will increase as other infection sources are addressed. This conclusion is not at odds with earlier Irish work, based on data from 2003 to 04 [54] and 2012 [44], attributing 6–8% of TB restrictions to the recent introduction of an infected animal. In endemic situations, as in Ireland, it has proved very difficult to disentangle the relative contribution of different infection sources using current epidemiological methods [45]. In Ireland, this was first achieved by White et al. [55] who focused on the relative importance of ‘neighbourhood’ in TB persistence, specifically farm-to-farm spread and spread from wildlife. In the two above-mentioned studies where TB restrictions were associated with the recent introduction of an infected animal [44, 54], source attribution was determined after considering the past movement history (including potential for TB exposure) of animals identified as reactors at the start of a TB restriction. However, there are several reasons why these estimates must be interpreted with caution.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Some cultures have legends of creatures like Bigfoot and the Loch Ness Monster. [SEP] Text: Normaal gesproken benoemt de OK een of meer deskundigen om een deskundigenoordeel te geven over de uitkoopprijs. Dat kan achterwege blijven als het prijsvermoeden niet weerlegd wordt. Het billijke prijsvermoeden is daarom in de praktijk een belangrijk instrument voor de prijsvaststelling van aandelen in een uitkoopprocedure. 2. 4 De peildatum van het Unit4-arrest Met het oog op de hierboven aan de orde gekomen volatiliteit van de waarde van de onderneming is de vraag per welk moment de OK de billijke prijs voor de aandelen vaststelt van groot belang: de peildatum. 24x Art. 2:359c lid 6 BW, eerste zin. Uit de wetsgeschiedenis leid ik af dat de peildatum aan het tijdstip en de voorwaarden van het openbaar bod gekoppeld moet worden, vooral wanneer op het bod ruimhartig is gereflecteerd. 25x Kamerstukken II 2005/06, 30419, nr. 3, p. 49. De OK sloot bij het vaststellen van de peildatum niet standaard aan bij de datum van het openbaar bod. In het Unit4-arrest ging de OK alsnog ‘om’ en sloot voor de peildatum in een uitkoopprocedure volgend op een openbaar bod aan bij de datum van de betaalbaarstelling van de biedprijs, op voorwaarde dat de bieder op dat moment minstens over een 95%-belang beschikt.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can negatively impact metabolic health. [SEP] Text: Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors associated with premature ejaculation, and multiple regression models after controlling for confounders were used to further assess the association between shift work and SWSD and premature ejaculation. P < 0. 05 was considered statistically significant. Furthermore, a nomogram was developed to predict the risk of premature ejaculation among men of different work shifts. The model was constructed by randomly dividing all participants into a training set and a validation set in a ratio of 6:4. The nomogram’s specificity and sensitivity were assessed by plotting the ROC curve and calculating the the Curve (AUC). Calibration plots and Analysis (DCA) were drawn to validate the model’s reliability. ResultsCharacteristics of the study populationA total of 1412 questionnaire responses were obtained. After excluding ineligible data, data from 1239 male participants were included in the final analysis. Of these, 840 were non-shift workers, and 399 were shift workers—among which 148 suffered from SWSD, while 251 did not have SWSD. The detailed inclusion process is depicted in Fig. 1. We compared the clinical characteristics, sleep quality, and sexual function between shift workers and non-shift workers, as well as between males with SWSD and those without SWSD. The results revealed that, compared to non-shift working males, shift working males had a higher proportion of young individuals under the age of 45, higher Index (BMI), and higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, anxiety, and depression. They also had higher (PEDT) scores, lower of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) scores, and a greater percentage reporting insufficient sleep and working times exceeding 8 h (Table 1). These conditions were found to be more severe among shift working males with SWSD (Table 2). Fig.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All diseases can be eradicated by altering the human genome. [SEP] Text: In the successful Australian TB eradication programme, one commentator suggested that the programme ‘enjoy[ed] industry “ownership” and involvement at all levels of management’ [16]. Another indicated that ‘the involvement of industry in both funding and policy development was an essential factor in achieving the outcome of the campaign’ [17]. TB eradication programme led to the formation of Australia ( which now coordinates and facilitates many aspects of national animal health in Australia. Zealand, governance of the national TB eradication programme is overseen by OSPRI ( a non-government organization that manages both TB free and NAIT (the national animal identification and traceability system). Cost-sharing by government and industry has been a key feature of both the Australian and programmes, although different models are used. In Australia, the programme was funded 50:50 by government (Federal and State) and industry, with the latter funded through a cattle transaction levy [60]. High level decision-making reflected the cost sharing formula, with government (both Federal and State) and industry involved. If TB were ever to recur (the last known TB case in Australia was in 2002), a cost-sharing model of 20:80 (government:industry) has been legally agreed [61], reflecting a shared understanding of the perceived public:private good associated with this disease. Zealand, cost-sharing is guided by principles outlined in national biosecurity legislation (1993), with cost-sharing allocated after identifying both the beneficiaries (who will benefit from the control/eradication efforts) and the exacerbators (who is perpetuating the problem, essentially constraining eradication) [62]. [3] is an important national initiative, seeking broad stakeholder engagement in the future of the national TB eradication programme. Discussions are informed by the Strategy [63] which is underpinned by four key enabling principles (working in partnership, acknowledging roles and responsibilities, reflecting costs and benefits, applying the principle of ‘Prevention is better than cure’). Established in 2009, Ireland ( provides one model where industry engagement has been facilitated in an Irish context. ConclusionBased on current knowledge, it will not be possible to eradicate TB by 2030 with current control strategies plus badger vaccination. Additional measures will be needed if Ireland is to eradicate TB within a reasonable time frame.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Some cultures have legends of creatures like Bigfoot and the Loch Ness Monster. [SEP] Text: 26x Zo sloot de OK in sommige arresten aan bij de prijs van het bod (JOR 2008/335 (Numico) en ARO 2009/93 (Tele Atlas)) en in andere bij de datum van overdracht of een tijdstip dat daar zo dicht mogelijk bij gelegen is (JOR 2009/130 (Hagemeyer) en JOR 2011/45 (Corporate Express)). De datum van de betaalbaarstelling is de datum waarop de biedprijs ter overboeking beschikbaar komt aan de aandeelhouder die het bod heeft geaccepteerd. 27x Zolang en voor zover de uitkoopprijs niet is betaald, wordt hij verhoogd met de wettelijke rente, van de peildatum tot de overdracht, zie art. 2:359c lid 6 BW, zevende zin, en Asser/Maeijer, & 2-II* 2009/688. Er valt veel te zeggen voor deze benadering. Het moment dat zeker is dat de bieder over een 95%-belang gaat beschikken, en ontvankelijk wordt in de bijzondere uitkoopprocedure, is doorgaans het moment waarop de bieder het bod gestand heeft gedaan. 28x De bieder zal het bod alleen gestand doen als hij weet dat hij een 95%-belang kan verkrijgen, eventueel na het toepassen van zogeheten (pre-wired) back end-structuren. Op de motieven wanneer en waarom de bieder een bod gestand zal doen, de voorwaarden waaronder dat gebeurt, en de juridische instrumenten die daarbij gebruikt worden, kan in dit artikel niet worden ingegaan. Zie hiervoor o. a. 2017, hoofdstuk 1 (par. 1.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can negatively impact metabolic health. [SEP] Text: f, g Decision curve analysis indicates the substantial clinical utility of the nomogram by evaluating the net benefits at different threshold probabilitiesFull size imageDiscussionThis large-scale survey explored the association between shift work, SWSD, and the risk of premature ejaculation (PE) among Chinese male shift workers. The results suggest that men engaged in shift work, particularly those suffering from SWSD, are more likely to report issues of PE. Combining the results of this study with findings from previous studies, we hypothesize that metabolic alterations, causing mental and psychological disorders, and affecting central neurotransmitter secretion may be potential pathways through which shift work affects premature ejaculation. Shift work-related metabolic alterations, this study found that men who worked shift work and suffered from SWSD were more likely to have diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and be overweight compared to non-shift working men and that these problems were more severe in shift men with comorbid premature ejaculation. This may be related to shift work workers' irregular diet and frequent late-night snacking. In addition, the altered circadian rhythms and irregular diets associated with shift work and SWSD affect insulin and glucagon secretion, disturbing metabolic homeostasis and increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders [16, 25, 26], which are risk factors for premature ejaculation [18]. Our survey indicates that there are fewer middle-aged and older men in shift work and suffering from SWSD, suggesting that younger individuals are the main workforce engaged in shift work; however, the health of these younger workers should also be a matter of concern. Shift work-related psychiatric and psychological disorders, our findings suggest that men who work shifts and suffer from SWSD are more likely to experience depression and anxiety. Previous studies have also found that shift work and SWSD-induced sleep problems can increase the risk of anxiety and depression [27]. Anxiety and depression are risk factors for premature ejaculation [15]. In addition, lifestyle changes due to shift work may also lead to sleep desynchronization and sexual irregularities between partners, further increasing the risk of premature ejaculation. Shift work-associated central neurotransmitter alterations, circadian rhythm changes, and sleep disturbances caused by shift work and SWSD may also interfere with the secretion of a variety of neurotransmitters closely associated with premature ejaculation (including 5-HT, dopamine, GABA, and glutamate) [28, 29].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All diseases can be eradicated by altering the human genome. [SEP] Text: Genome-wide association study combined with biological context can reveal more disease-related SNPs altering microRNA target seed sites 0. 05 (odds ratio (OR) ranged from 1. 1 to 2. 4). Moreover, host genes of susceptible in each of the 11 GWAS dataset shared biological context with reported causal genes. There were 286 identified by our method, while only 13 SNPs were identified by multiple-testing corrections with a given threshold of 1 × 10−5, which is a common cutoff used in GWAS. 27 out of the 286 candidate SNPs have been reported to be deleterious while only 2 out of 13 multiple-testing corrected SNPs were documented in PubMed. MicroRNA-mRNA interactions affected by the 286 candidate SNPs were likely to present negatively correlated expression. These SNPs introduced greater alternation of binding free energy than other especially when grouping by haplotypes (4210 vs. 4105 cal/mol by mean, 9781 vs. 8521 cal/mol by mean, respectively). are promising disease biomarkers in multiple GWAS datasets. The method of integrating GWAS p-value and biological context is stable and effective for selecting candidate causal it reduces the loss of sensitivity compared to multiple-testing corrections. The 286 candidate causal provide researchers a credible source to initialize their design of experimental validations in the future. BackgroundMicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs ~22 nt which are involved in key biological processes such as cell proliferation, cell apoptosis and metabolism [1, 2]. Aberrant expression level of microRNAs has been demonstrated to be associated with common diseases and human cancers [3, 4]. MicroRNAs achieve their biological function by binding to mature mRNAs and decreasing the expression level of target mRNAs in most cases. Mechanisms behind microRNA target recognition have been well-studied, and the most stable feature is the nucleotides 2–8 in 5′-end of microRNAs, which is so-called ‘seed’ region. Normally, seed region of a microRNA exactly matches to the complementary sequence in 3′UTR of its target mRNA, which is usually called ‘microRNA recognition element seed site’ (MRESS) following Watson-Crick base pairing.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Some cultures have legends of creatures like Bigfoot and the Loch Ness Monster. [SEP] Text: 3) en voetnoot 52. De peildatum is het moment dat het economische risico van eventuele waardedalingen of -stijgingen overgaat van de minderheidsaandeelhouders op de bieder. In de periode tussen de gestanddoening van het bod en het eindarrest in de uitkoopprocedure heeft de bieder overwegende zeggenschap over de doelvennootschap. De waarde van de doelvennootschap kan als gevolg daarvan wijzigen, bijvoorbeeld door synergie-effecten en een herstructurering. 29x (OK) 7 juli 2015, ECLI:NL:GHAMS:2015:2775, ARO 2015/178 (Unit4), r. o. 3. 16. Op 22 december 2023 heeft de de Unit4-benadering van de OK bevestigd. In dit arrest oordeelt de tevens dat deze benadering niet strijdig is met art. 1 HR 22 december 2023, ECLI:NL:HR:2023:1824, JOR 2024/29. De OK geeft dit als rechtvaardiging voor het kiezen van de peildatum, maar deze effecten spelen niet altijd. De doelvennootschap zal bijv. niet per definitie op voornoemde wijze veranderen bij een overname door een financiële partij. Doordat na het bod de waarde van de onderneming kan schommelen, kiest de OK vanuit proceseconomisch perspectief voor een peildatum die tot zo min mogelijk complicaties leidt bij het vaststellen van de uitkoopprijs. Waardestijging van de doelvennootschap leidt namelijk niet meer tot een hogere uitkoopprijs (zie verder par. 5. 2).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can negatively impact metabolic health. [SEP] Text: Moreover, these neurotransmitters also play an important role in sleep regulation, and thus, there may be a mutual regulatory relationship between them [21, 30]. In addition, shift work and SWSD may also affect steroid hormone changes in the body [31], increase the risk of hypogonadism [10], and even impair erectile function in men [11]. These biological changes may directly or indirectly affect the development of premature ejaculation. Ssleep duration and the duration of engaging in shift work are also significant factors affecting PE. Our study also found that compared with non-shift men, shift and SWSD men had shorter average daily sleep duration, and men who slept less than six hours per day had a significantly increased risk of PE. A representative national survey from the found that nocturnal workers had shorter sleep durations compared to daytime workers and were more likely to experience sleep disorders [32]. Additionally, our research found that the risk of PE increases correspondingly with the duration of shift work engagement, with the differences manifesting after one year of shift work. This may imply an inability of males to adapt to the circadian changes imposed by shift work, as the risk for various factors associated with PE, such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, endocrine and metabolic disorders, and psychological disturbances, also seems to increase with the duration of shift work [7]. Therefore, we recommend that shift workers ensure adequate sleep, maintain regular eating habits, and foster a positive mental outlook to mitigate the occurrence of SWSD. Should symptoms of SWSD arise, they should promptly adjust their sleeping and working schedules, seeking medical assistance when necessary, to reduce the overall physical and psychological damage induced by shift work. Overall, shift work and SWSD may influence the occurrence of premature ejaculation through direct or indirect pathways. Admittedly, there are some limitations to this study; firstly, we used the SWSD questionnaire to assess participants’ sleep quality, and although this questionnaire has been validated in several studies [1, 3, 32], it may still lack accuracy compared to objective polysomnographic monitoring results. Second, our study did not take into account the potential impact of chemical and physical factors to which we are exposed during work and differences in shift work periods on premature ejaculation. Finally, this was a large-scale cross-sectional survey study, and more well-designed prospective studies are needed in the future to further validate our findings.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All diseases can be eradicated by altering the human genome. [SEP] Text: SNPs in both microRNA seed region and 3′can interfere with target recognition, either by eliminating/impairing/consolidating an existing microRNA-mRNA interaction or by creating a new interaction. However, in view of the observations that one microRNA can regulate hundreds of mRNAs and one mRNA may have multiple microRNA target sites in its 3′UTR [5–7], SNPs residing in the 3′should be the more common genetic factor affecting the binding between microRNAs and mRNAs. Allele-specific mRNA expression induced by is proved to be associated with several diseases and cancers: Nicoloso et al. [8] observed genotype AG carriers of rs334348 G > A suffered higher risk of breast cancer (AG vs. AA, OR = 1. 69, p = 0. 048), whereas rs334348 located in a MRESS of miR-628-5p in 3′UTR of the TGFBR1 gene and G-allele consolidates target-binding. Expression level of TGFBR1 protein degraded after transfecting of miR-628-5p and differed by genotype of rs334348 (50% and 20% for GG and AA respectively, p = 0. 006). Wang et al. [9] reported rs12720208 C > T in a MRESS of miR-433 in the 3′UTR of FGF20 gene as a causal SNP of Parkinson’s disease (risk allele: T, p = 0. 0019). Risk allele T can introduce a G:U wobble in the binding site and impair target binding. They transfected luciferase reporter gene combined with 3′UTR of FGF20 into Neuro2A cells that expressed miR-433, and observed a ‘dramatically’ reduction of luciferase signal for reporter gene with C-allele while reporter gene with T-allele did not. Pathological analysis reveals positive correlation between expression level of FGF20 and α-Synuclein, whereas overexpression of α-Synuclein is previously reported to cause PD, which implies pathogenesis of the T-allele is to abolish the interaction between FGF20 gene and miR-433 thus lead to up-regulation of α-Synuclein.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Some cultures have legends of creatures like Bigfoot and the Loch Ness Monster. [SEP] Text: 30x Duynstee & 2017, p. 175-176. 3 De ratio achter het billijke prijsvermoeden 3. 1 Het draait om marktappreciatie en enthousiasme Wanneer een openbaar bod op grote schaal wordt aanvaard, vindt kennelijk een overgrote meerderheid van de aandeelhouders de biedprijs een billijke prijs. Met billijke prijs bedoel ik hier de prijs die een fair market value vertegenwoordigt en die de hypothetische meest biedende, onafhankelijke koper betaalt. 31x D. J. F. F. M. Duynstee & T. Drenth, Kroniek uitkoopregeling 2015-2021, Ondernemingsrecht 2022/70, p. 479. Andersom is het zo dat de biedprijs blijkbaar te laag is en volgens de markt geen juiste weerspiegeling van de waarde van de onderneming betreft, wanneer relatief weinig aandeelhouders op het bod zijn ingegaan. 32x De OK bevestigt deze zienswijze in (OK) 4 april 2017, ECLI:NL:GHAMS:2017:1203, ARO 2017/139 (I), r. o. 3. 13-3. 15. Olden drukt het uit in enthousiasme: het billijke prijsvermoeden is een maat voor het enthousiasme waarmee het bod is aanvaard; dat zegt iets over de biedprijs. 33x P. D. Olden, annotatie bij (OK) 12 januari 2010, JOR 2010/62 (Tele Atlas). De gedachte is: de meest betrouwbare waarderingsmethode is het meten van het aandeelhoudersenthousiasme voor de biedprijs.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can negatively impact metabolic health. [SEP] Text: AbstractBackgroundWorking outside normal daytime hours is increasing worldwide and is now one of the most widespread potential carcinogenic occupational exposures. There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals that light exposure during the biologic night increases tumour growth and limited epidemiologic evidence that night shift-work cause breast cancer. Existing studies had crude definitions of shift-work and did not discriminate between shift-work systems (e. g. permanent versus rotating or evening versus night). MethodsWe performed an interview based nested case–control study within a nationwide cohort of Danish nurses, including detailed information on lifetime shift-work and potential confounders. Cases of primary breast cancer (n=310) were identified from the nationwide Registry. Four control nurses were selected for each case by incidence density sampling. Odds rations (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by conditional logistic regression, with adjustment for potential confounders. FindingsOverall, nurses who worked rotating shifts after midnight had a significantly increased OR (1. 8; CI 1. 2–2. 8) for breast cancer compared to nurses with permanent day work. No association was found in a small group of nurses with evening work and no night work (OR=0. 9; 0. 4–1. 9). The subgroup of nurses with periods of permanent night shift in addition to rotating night and day shifts experienced an OR of 2. 9 (1. 1–8. 0). For nurses working after midnight compared to nurses never ending work before midnight, OR in the third tertile of cumulative number of shifts was 2. 2 (1. 5–3. 2). In an analysis of different rotating shift systems, the highest OR (2. 6; 1. 8–3. 8) was observed for long-term day–night rotating shifts. InterpretationThe results provide further evidence that night shift-work may increase the risk for breast cancer and suggest that the largest impact on risk is associated with the most disruptive shifts. FundingSociety and of Research. KeywordsShift-workBreast cancerNursesShift systemsEpidemiology1 IntroductionFrom ancient times all species ranging from cyanobacteria to humans have been organised around the 24h rhythm given by the rotation of the earth around the sun. In mammals, including humans, many biochemical and physiological processes, e. g.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All diseases can be eradicated by altering the human genome. [SEP] Text: About 60% of protein-coding genes are putative microRNA targets [10] and millions of MRESSs may reside in 3′UTR of these genes, which makes exhaustively experimental validation for the causality of impractical. Some researchers have tried using genome-wide association study (GWAS) to solve this problem, taking advantage of its ability to detect susceptibility of hundreds of thousands of SNPs simultaneously. Richardson et al. [11] identified 87 in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) (r2 > 0. 8) with a collection of highly susceptible SNPs (p ≤ 1 × 10−5) in catalog [12]. Significance of the observation was 1. 08 × 10−23. Further analysis provided microRNA-mRNA co-expression evidence for 39 of these and 11 were also supported by eQTL mapping. Thomas et al. [13] proposed a method to score the effect of basing on a two-step SVM classifier and took haplotype into account. They linked scored to 2112 top-ranking SNPs from a GWAS of breast cancer by LD and observed positive correlation between effect score and LD degree. Liu et al. [14] developed an online database to annotate predicted. They searched a list of 7705 susceptible SNPs obtained by a GWAS of schizophrenia against the collected by their database. Three meet stringent significance threshold of p ≤ 1. 0 × 10−5, which indicated true positive association existed in MRESS. Despite the achievements have obtained in previous studies, limitations still remain to be improved. Existing methods only focus on the subset of with p-value less than a stringent multiple-testing corrections threshold (usually p ≤ 1 × 10−5) in GWAS datasets in order to control false positive results. However, many true positive results will be eliminated in exchange. In addition, biological context of such as the pathogenesis of their host genes and corresponding microRNAs have been neglected. with just an extremely significant p-value or a high effect score does not necessarily work by interfering with microRNA targeting. Similarly, a that disrupts target recognition may not be very striking in statistics. Moreover, previous studies covered only a few GWAS datasets (no more than 3 datasets) at a time. The feasibility of selecting causal by GWAS analysis (say p-value or odds ratio) still needs to be tested under more GWAS datasets.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Some cultures have legends of creatures like Bigfoot and the Loch Ness Monster. [SEP] Text: Als daar geen duidelijkheid uit komt, kan de OK deskundigen benoemen die berichten omtrent de waarde van de aandelen. De grens wanneer het bod op grote schaal is aanvaard, is door de Europese wetgever – redelijk arbitrair34x In de algemene uitkoopprocedures wordt het bod namelijk door de OK geacht op grote schaal te zijn aanvaard bij lagere aanmeldpercentages. Zie bijv. (OK) 28 oktober 2008, ECLI:NL:GHAMS:2008:BG3438, ARO 2008/178 (Numico), r. o. 3. 13, aanmeldpercentage: 89,1%; (OK) 21 december 2010, ECLI:NL:GHAMS:2010:BO9265, ARO 2011/16 (Smit Internationale), r. o. 3. 12, aanmeldpercentage: 84,45%; (OK) 14 juli 2015, ECLI:NL:GHAMS:2015:2897, ARO 2015/200 (Nutreco), r. o. 3. 10, aanmeldpercentage: 82%; zie verder par. 5. 4. – vastgesteld op 90%. 35x Art. 15 lid 5 van Richtlijn 2004/25/EG. Het voorstel om het billijke prijsvermoeden te laten gelden vanaf het 90%-criterium komt uit de commissie-Winter. De commissie-Winter was een commissie van deskundigen op het gebied van het ondernemingsrecht die de adviseerde over de modernisering van het Europees vennootschapsrecht, resulterende in de dertiende EG-richtlijn.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can negatively impact metabolic health. [SEP] Text: hormone secretion, cell cycle, apoptosis and gene expression, are entrained to the regular 24h rhythm by daily periods of light exposure from dawn to dusk, and darkness in the period in between. 1 Such rhythms are disrupted during periods of shift-work,2 including work during evening, night and early morning, and thereby rapid change of timing of light exposure, dietary pattern and sleep/wake cycle, some of which may be involved in carcinogenicity. 1 Shift-work is increasing due to the demands of the 24-h society and night-shifts occur now in 10% to 20% of the workforce. 3In 2007, the for Research on Cancer concluded: ‘shift-work that involves circadian disruption is probably carcinogenic to humans (group 2A)’. 4 This finding was based on evidence that was deemed ‘sufficient’ in animals and ‘limited’ for human breast cancer. Earlier epidemiologic studies supported an association,5 and there is an emerging understanding of biological mechanisms that could account for a causal relationship,3,6 however, the epidemiology is limited in two ways: there are fewer than 20 pertinent studies,6 and the previously used definitions of shift work are crude and not directly comparable. 3More high-quality studies in humans are required before a more definite conclusion can be reached about whether shift-work causes breast cancer and, if so, which aspects of shift-work are most problematic. We report here the results of a nested case–control study of nurses in Denmark in which detailed information was collected on the length and frequency of work in various shift systems, including day, permanent night and rotating between day, evening and night. 2 MethodsAn interview-based case–control study was nested within an established national cohort of 91,140 female members of the Association, covering over 95% of nurses in Denmark. 7 Information on all nurses is computerised on the basis of their unique personal identification number, which includes the date of birth and sex, and is assigned to all residents of Denmark by the Register. 8 This number can be used to obtain updated computerised information on e. g. vital status, date of death, immigration and current address. This number is also the key identifier for cancer diagnoses in the nationwide Registry, initiated in 1942.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All diseases can be eradicated by altering the human genome. [SEP] Text: Here, we proposed a method which integrated GWAS p-value, gene ontology (GO) annotation and pathogenesis of human disease to select causal without performing multiple-testing corrections. The method was applied to 12 GWAS datasets covering 11 common diseases and cancers of human. Results demonstrated are active disease regulators in most of the GWAS datasets. Literature-based causality query, co-expression evidence and alternation of binding free energy also proved that our method is plausible. Finally, a list of 286 candidate causal with adequate credibility was provided for further experimental validation. About 90% of them were newly reported. Results and discussionMRESSs in 3′UTR of coding-mRNAs are under purifying selectionEvolutionary conserved regions are thought to be functional, and the conservation of microRNA targets has been reported [10]. Previous studies always compared the SNP density of MRESSs with their flanking region, but horizontal comparison between MRESS and other mRNA region, such as CDS, has not been implemented. Moreover, they took all SNPs into account at a time. However, common SNPs (minor allele frequency (MAF) ≥ 0. 01) and rare SNPs (MAF < 0. 01) affected human diseases in different patterns [15, 16]. It’s more rational to calculate the density of these two kinds of SNPs separately. We collected experimentally validated microRNA-mRNA interactions from miRecord [17] and mirTarbase [18], and predicted their MRESSs in 3′UTR by TargetScan6. 1 [19]. were thought to be adequately credible. Then, we mapped genomic coordinates of all the bi-allelic SNPs in dbSNP135 to that of the predicted MRESSs and thus calculated SNP density. We detected 312 in total, comprising of 212 SNPs lacking population frequency, 54 common SNPs and 46 rare SNPs (Of note, SNPs with <100 observed chromosomes were considered as lacking frequency data since they cannot accurately generate MAF value to differentiate common and rare SNPs). Distinct results emerged for common SNPs and rare SNPs after comparison of SNP density in different mRNA regions (Figure 1).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Some cultures have legends of creatures like Bigfoot and the Loch Ness Monster. [SEP] Text: Opvallend is dat de commissie-Winter in haar rapport een duidelijke rechtvaardiging geeft voor het vaststellen van de ontvankelijkheidsgrens op een percentage tussen de 90 en 95%, maar niet voor het 90%-criterium; Group of Experts (commissie-Winter), Report on issues related to takeover bids, Brussel 10 januari 2002, p. 60-66. Zie voor een uitgebreidere historie Salemink 2014, par. 3. 3. Het bestaan van het billijke prijsvermoeden wordt ook gerechtvaardigd doordat de eiser binnen een korte termijn na gestanddoening de minderheidsaandeelhouders moet dagvaarden. In die periode kan de waarde van de onderneming niet veel schommelen. De gedachte hierbij is dat de biedprijs na een langere tijd dan drie maanden geen goede graadmeter meer is voor het aandeelhoudersenthousiasme, waardoor voor de waardering van de onderneming, en daarmee de prijs van de aandelen, niet bij de biedprijs kan worden aangesloten. 36x 2006/07, 30419, C, p. 10; P. M. Storm, Corporate litigation bij de Ondernemingskamer, Den Haag: uitgevers 2014, p. 340; Asser/Maeijer, & 2-II* 2009/695. Dat is mijns inziens óók een van de redenen waarom de peildatum aansluit bij de dag van betaalbaarstelling onder het bod. 37x P. M. Storm, Corporate litigation bij de Ondernemingskamer, Den Haag: Boom juridisch 2018, p. 613. 4 De maatman-aandeelhouder tegenover de WAP-aandeelhouder 4.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can negatively impact metabolic health. [SEP] Text: 411. 4Mean proportion of cumulated work (%)32. 430. 8 Other shifts (years)Ever (%)34Range0–70–34Mean1. 01. 4Mean proportion of cumulated work (%)0. 61. 1Table 2Work schedule characteristics of Danish nurses (born 1933–1970). Open table in a new tabTable 3 shows the odds ratios for breast cancer by different shift-work systems, including length and cumulative numbers. Overall, 239 cases (91%) and 848 controls (82%) had ever experienced a period of non-day work for at least 1year. The adjusted odds ratio for after midnight shifts without permanent night shifts was 1. 8 (95% CI, 1. 2–2. 8), whereas the odds ratio amongst nurses having ever had permanent night shifts in addition to rotation night shifts was 2. 9 (95% CI, 1. 1–8. 0). The small group having ever had evening shift but never night shift experienced an OR of 0. 9 (95% CI, 0. 4–1. 9) when compared with permanent day workers. Nurses working graveyard shifts, where the reference group consisted of nurses who have never had after midnight work for over a year, showed some tendency of increasing odds ratios both with duration and cumulative numbers. Thus, about twofold significantly increased odds ratios were observed within the most extreme category with both shift-work metrics. The highest odds ratio was associated with long-term day–night shift work (OR, 2. 6; 95% CI, 1. 8–3. 8). For the majority of nurses who had experienced day–evening–night work for ⩾733 shifts, the odds ratio was 1. 9 (95% CI, 1. 1–3. 3). For day–evening work, which is a shift system anticipated to result in the least disruption of circadian rhythm, only a modest non-significantly increase in odds ratio was seen. Shift-work systemCases (n=267)Controls (n=1035)ORa95% CIORb95% CIDay, evening and night shifts (permanent and rotating)OverallPermanent day, never evening or night281871Reference1ReferenceEver evening shift, never night9650. 90. 4–2. 20. 90. 4–1. 9Ever after midnight rotating shift, never permanent night2127391. 91. 2–3.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All diseases can be eradicated by altering the human genome. [SEP] Text: Reported diseases associated with these 11 were highly concordant with those associated with their microRNA-mRNA interactions (Table 1), which supported our assumption that can interfere with microRNA-regulated human diseases. Figure 2Schematic diagram for the construction of the microRNA-gene-disease three-way interactions. Ways to build up relationships between any 2 of the 3 elements are marked above the double-headed arrows. If a microRNA and a gene share the same related disease, we believe that their interaction is also associated with the disease, and any factor such as that can interfere with this interaction is highly susceptible. Full size imageTable 1 Comparison of the reported diseases between 11 validated and their corresponding interactions Full size tableGWAS analysis reveals enrichment of in susceptible variantsExperimentally validated microRNA-mRNA interactions account for only a small part of the real relationships. So we performed a genome-wide target prediction to identify more possible in 3′UTR of protein-coding mRNAs. We predicted MRESS for both wild type and mutant type 3′UTR sequences and divided all of them into 7mer (1–7), 7mer (2–8), 8mer-1a and 8mer sites by the patterns of seed match. conserved between human and mice were retained to limit false positive interactions. Finally, 150,301 3′embedded in predicted MRESSs were classified according to their contributions to the interactions (Table 2). Table 2 Classification of the 150,301 predicted size tableTo evaluate the effects of these predicted on human diseases, we downloaded the analytical results of 12 GWAS datasets of European-ancestry populations covering 11 human diseases and cancers. We utilized the ‘proxy search’ tool provided by SNAP database [21] to select GWAS-SNPs having high LD with the predicted in CEU population, then assigned the p-values of GWAS-SNPs to their corresponding as measurement of susceptibility. Finally, a total number of 12,892 predicted were mapped to at least one GWAS-SNP in any of the 12 datasets and presented in subsequent analysis. According to the hypothesis of ‘common disease, common variant’, common diseases are polygenic diseases manipulated by multiple common variants embedded in coding or regulatory regions. Therefore the effect size of a single causative variant should be modest [22].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Some cultures have legends of creatures like Bigfoot and the Loch Ness Monster. [SEP] Text: 1 De meetlat van de maatman-aandeelhouder De vraag die centraal staat bij het 90%-criterium is of alle aandeelhouders die hun aandelen onder het bod hebben aangemeld mee mogen tellen voor het voldoen aan dat criterium. Daarvoor is vereist dat in de aanmelding van een aandeelhouder daadwerkelijk steun voor de biedprijs kan worden gelezen. 38x Reesink was daar minder aandacht voor, zie bijv. (OK) 20 december 2011, ECLI:NL:GHAMS:2011:BV2310, JOR 2012/43 (Draka), r. o. 3. 10; (OK) 21 februari 2012, ECLI:NL:GHAMS:2012:BV7343, JOR 2012/144 (Crucell), r. o. 3. 14. Dat is namelijk de ratio achter het prijsvermoeden. Alleen aandeelhouders die slechts hun belang in de doelvennootschap verkopen tegen de biedprijs mogen daarom meetellen. Dus: de geïnformeerde verkopende aandeelhouder die zijn belang verkoopt omdat hij vindt dat de biedprijs de prijs is die de hypothetische meest biedende, onafhankelijke koper bereid is te betalen voor het aandeel. 39x Kamerstukken II 2005/06, 30419, nr. 3, p. 49; (OK) 4 april 2017, ECLI:NL:GHAMS:2017:1203, ARO 2017/139 (I), r. o. 3. 15; F. W. C. Blom, Uitkoop van minderheidsbelangen: tegen welke prijs? , NV 1990, afl. 6, p. 166; P. C. van den Hoek, De uitkoopregeling van aandelen, 1990, afl.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can negatively impact metabolic health. [SEP] Text: 01. 81. 2–2. 8Ever permanent night in addition to rotating night shifts18442. 71. 0–7. 52. 91. 1–8. 0 Graveyard shifts: working after midnight (about 8h of work between 19 and 9) for at least 1yearDurationDay–evening372521Reference1Reference1–5years552281. 61. 1–2. 71. 50. 99–2. 55–10years701952. 41. 6–3. 82. 31. 4–3. 510–20years662361. 91. 2–3. 01. 91. 1–2. 8⩾20years391242. 11. 2–3. 42. 11. 3–3. 2Per year26710351. 0191. 011–1. 0281. 0181. 010–1. 027 CumulativecDay–evening372521Reference1Reference<468632611. 61. 1–2. 41. 61. 0–2. 6468–1095802612. 11. 3–7. 52. 01. 3–3. 0⩾1096872612. 21. 7–3. 12. 21. 5–3. 2 Rotatating shiftsdDay–evening shiftPermanent day281871Reference1Reference<732341541. 40. 8–2. 61. 40. 9–2. 2⩾7334381. 00. 4–5. 31. 00. 4–2. 4Other non-day shifts2016662. 01. 3–3. 11. 91. 4–3. 2 Day–night shiftPermanent day281871Reference1Reference<732301271. 60. 9–2. 81. 50. 9–2. 4⩾73311272. 71. 2–6. 12. 61. 8–3. 8Other non-day shifts1986941. 91. 2–2. 92. 01. 3–3. 1 Day–evening–night shiftPermanent day281871Reference1Reference<7321274301. 91. 3–3. 11. 81. 2–3. 1⩾733862822. 11. 3–3. 31. 91. 1–3. 3Other non-day shifts261361.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All diseases can be eradicated by altering the human genome. [SEP] Text: pha002848 which is related to systemic lupus erythematous (SLE), 102 genes contain at least one significant and are enriched in 70 biological processes, e. g. positive regulation of tissue remodeling (p = 2. 8 × 10−5), inflammatory response (p = 0. 0050), B-cell activation (p = 0. 018) and T-cell activation (p = 0. 040). In these biological processes, 21 overlap with the enriched biological processes of genes that have been reported to be associated with SLE. Significance of this observation is 3. 3 × 10−20, demonstrating the existence of the true association signals. We got similar results from 10 other GWAS datasets except for a GWAS dataset studied age-related macular degeneration (Table 3). Figure 4Workflow of our method for selecting candidate causal from multiple GWAS datasets. We integrated functional annotations from GO database to filter out false positive rather than to perform multiple-correction. The obtained causal SNPs are greatly increased. We further validated our results by three different approaches. The results proved our method stable and effective. Full size imageTable 3 Statistics of the 12 GWAS datasets Full size tableIn total, we found 184 host-genes of significant enriched in overlapped biological processes with disease-related genes. The 286 (see Additional file 1: Table S1) embedded in these genes with p-value ≤ 0. 01 were selected as candidate causal. are over-represented in known deleterious 3′access the effectiveness of our method for selecting causal we retrieved PubMed for all the 12,892 with proxy in GWAS datasets and defined 368 of them with at least one query result as positive samples (In view of the foreseeable importance of the MRESS region, we removed SNPs that have been reported to be in MRESS to suppress the priori bias). Positive samples distributed un-evenly in different seed types. embedded in 7mer (2–8) sites possess the greatest precision (19/165 = 0. 12), followed by 7mer (1–7) sites (16/201 = 0. 080), 8mer sites (8/109 = 0. 073) and 8mer-1a sites (3/62 = 0. 048) respectively. 8mer and 8mer-1a sites possess larger binding energy than 7mer sites and are tolerable to mismatch.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Some cultures have legends of creatures like Bigfoot and the Loch Ness Monster. [SEP] Text: 1, p. 46; F. Krens, Waardebepaling van incourante minderheidsbelangen, Ondernemingsrecht 1999, afl. 11, p. 291; W. J. Slagter, De prijsbepaling bij uitkoop, in: G. van Solinge & M. Holtzer (red. ), Geschriften vanwege de Litigation 2001-2002 (VDHI nr. 68), Deventer: Kluwer 2002, p. 186; R. W. Th. Norbruis, Kroniek van de uitkoop- en geschillenregeling, in: G. van Solinge, M. Holtzer & A. F. J. A. Leijten (red. ), Geschriften vanwege de Litigation 2004-2005 (VDHI nr. 82), Deventer: Kluwer 2005, p. 58; P. D. Olden, annotatie bij (OK) 28 oktober 2008, ECLI:NL:GHAMS:2008:BG3438, Ondernemingsrecht 2009/24 (Numico), p. 104; Salemink 2014, par. 9. 3. 2 en 9. 3. 4; Y. A. Wehrmeijer & I. M. Hendriks, Kroniek uitkoop en geschillenregeling 2017, in: Y. Borrius e. a. (red. ), Geschriften vanwege de Litigation 2017-2018 (VDHI nr. 152), Deventer: 2018, p. 229; J. W. Winter, J. B. Wezeman & J. D. M. Schoonbrood, Van de BV en de NV, Deventer: 2022, p. 506. Ik noem deze aandeelhouder de maatman-aandeelhouder. 4. 2 De correctie voor de WAP-aandeelhouder Een aandeelhouder kan zijn aandelen ook aanmelden onder het bod om andere redenen dan dat de biedprijs een fair market value vertegenwoordigt.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can negatively impact metabolic health. [SEP] Text: 30. 7–2. 31. 20. 7–2. 3Table 3Odds ratios for breast cancer by shift-work system in Danish nurses. aAdjusted for age. bAdjusted for age, weight regularity, use of hormone replacement therapy (never, <5, ⩾5years), age at menarche, menstrual regularity, menopausal status, age at birth of first child (nulliparous, <25, 25–29, 29–34, ⩾35years), breast cancer in mother or sister, total duration of lactation (months). cCut-point based on tertiles in exposed controls. dCut-points based on the median in exposed controls. Open table in a new tabThe adjusted odds ratio for breast cancer after potential exposure to electromagnetic fields was non-significantly decreased by both length of exposure (OR, 0. 99; 95% CI, 0. 991–1. 005) and cumulative exposure (OR, 0. 996; 95% CI, 0. 989–1. 003). The mean number of children obtained by interview and from the files of the Register was similar, i. e. 2. 13 and 2. 12 for controls and 1. 97 and 1. 94 for cases, respectively (data not shown). 4 DiscussionIn this nationwide case–control study of Danish nurses, we observed a significantly increased odds ratio for breast cancer when work after midnight was compared with permanent day work. Further, the odds ratio tended to increase with duration and cumulative overnight shifts. In most analyses, we observed only minor confounding. Each of these tendencies is roughly in line with the results of most previous studies of shift-work and breast cancer risk (reviewed in Ref. 6). Increased risk for breast cancer of women working on shift was originally suggested as a prediction of the idea that light-at-night might account, in part, for the high risk in industrialised societies and the rising risk in developing countries. 11 Light-at-night can suppress melatonin production,12 result in disruption of the normal circadian rhythms and shorten sleep length,2 which in turn might enhance the development of breast cancer, but mechanisms are not fully understood. 2,6A novel aspect of the present study was the analysis of risk according to different shift systems, including permanent night shifts. Evening work is less disruptive for circadian biology than night work, but rotating shifts between day and night may be more disruptive.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All diseases can be eradicated by altering the human genome. [SEP] Text: The observations are concordant with the speculation that mutant alleles of the two SNPs create microRNA binding sites and lead to repression of the MEFV gene. Furthermore, Shinar et al. [28] found mutations in MEFV gene affect phenotypes of SLE patients, such as SLE onset (earlier), renal failure (decrease) and febrile episodes (more common). Rs1057972 A > T is located in MRESS of IL15 gene. Mutant allele T interrupts binding-site of miR-1207-5p while creating new binding-sites for miR-940/4514/4692. Pistilli et al. [29] discovered that genotype AT and TT of rs1057972 are associated with pre- to post-training absolute difference in 1RM strength (elevate, p = 0. 02), fasting glucose (decrease, p = 0. 03) and BMI (decrease, p = 0. 008), which means mutant allele T leads to the development of muscle strength. Combining with the report that IL15 can inhibit protein degradation [30] and counter muscle loss, which is a clinical feature of SLE patient [31]. may achieve its function through abolishing the repression of IL15 mRNA by miR-1207-5p, thus resulting in up-regulation of IL15 protein. Rs10954213 G > A is located in MRESS of IRF5 gene. Mutant allele A impairs interactions between IRF5 mRNA and miR-181a/664 while enhancing binding-site of IRF5 and miR-543/4477a/4729. Liu et al. [32] and Hu et al. [33] validated the association between rs10954213 and SLE in multi-ethnic population using meta-analysis. Studies of Alonso-Perez et al. [34] and Lofgren et al. [35] demonstrated mutant allele A induces up-regulation of IRF5 mRNA and IRF5 protein in SLE patients. Another observation reported by Lashine et al. [36] is the significant down-regulation of miR-181a in SLE patients. All these evidences strongly imply that rs10954213 regulates SLE by altering the binding of IRF5 mRNA and miR-181a.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Some cultures have legends of creatures like Bigfoot and the Loch Ness Monster. [SEP] Text: In dat geval kan de assumptie dat die aandeelhouder zijn pakket slechts heeft aangemeld omdat hij de biedprijs een billijke prijs vond niet overeind blijven. De ratio achter het prijsvermoeden dwingt daarom bij het berekenen van het 90%-criterium tot uitsluiting van de aandeelhouder die in een wezenlijk andere positie (WAP) verkeert dan de maatman-aandeelhouder. Na de correctie voor de WAP-aandeelhouder geeft de acceptatiegraad een nauwkeurige indicatie van de marktappreciatie van de biedprijs. 40x Wehrmeijer & Hendriks 2018, p. 230. Deze correctie voor WAP-aandeelhouders op de maatman-aandeelhouders is een systeem van checks & balances op de ratio achter en de betrouwbaarheid van het billijke prijsvermoeden. Bij de beoordeling van de vraag of een aandeelhouder zich in een wezenlijk andere positie bevindt, is van belang of die aandeelhouder slechts zijn belang vanwege de biedprijs verkoopt, of dat hij daar andere redenen voor heeft (par. 4. 3). Een tweede indicator dat een aandeelhouder in een wezenlijk andere positie verkeert, is het bestaan van twijfels over de onafhankelijkheid van de aanmeldende aandeelhouder ten opzichte van de bieder (par. 4. 4). Die twee indicatoren zijn relevant omdat de billijke prijs in de systematiek van artikel 2:359c BW de prijs is die de hypothetische meest biedende en onafhankelijke koper betaalt voor de aandelen. 4.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can negatively impact metabolic health. [SEP] Text: 2 Permanent night workers might have an advantage over those who work on rotation as they might adjust to the night environment, although full adjustment is rare, because such workers normally return to normal day life during days off. 13 We found that risk of breast cancer increased roughly according to this same order of shift systems. If this finding is replicated in future studies, circadian disruption will be further implicated in the higher risk of non-day workers and may help in future planning of shift systems. As a further indication of reliability of this study, we observed, as in most studies of shift-work and sleep14 that nurses with non-day work tend to sleep less (7. 0h/day) than those working in the day (7. 2h/day). Shorter sleep has been suggested to be associated with an increased breast cancer risk. 1 Further, in our study, nurses working on night shifts reported more menstrual irregularity than those working in the day, and this is also considered an indication of disturbance of circadian rhythms. 15Further strengths of this study include use of a nationwide group of nurses with relatively similar shift systems and a high proportion of participation for both cases and controls, which may have minimised selection bias. Studying one well-defined, well-educated profession may also have reduced confounding. Possible caveats of the study are major overlaps between different shift systems, the limited number of cases, and the small reference group with permanent daytime work; misclassification of nurses into the last group would make the associations susceptible to error. For these reasons, the point estimates with wide confidence intervals must be interpreted with caution. All the information for this study was obtained at interview, often a long time after exposure, resulting in possible imprecision in exposure metrics. An independent but overlapping study of Danish nurses, however, showed good correlations between self-reported use of hormone replacement therapy, birth weight, and fractures and objective register information obtained independently,16–18 indicating that Danish nurses are a reliable source of information for epidemiologic studies. We attempted to minimise any misclassification in several ways. First, in order to minimise recall bias, we did not mention shift-work in the introduction letter, and nurses were not initially asked specifically about shifts. Nurses were asked about normal working hours each month in each job and, if the hours were not ‘normal’, about shifts.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All diseases can be eradicated by altering the human genome. [SEP] Text: In summary, experimental evidences of all the seven candidate causal support the inference that they are functional SNPs with the abilities to mediate microRNA-induced mRNA repression, and it’s worth noting that some of them have not been reported to be associated with SLE directly, but are related to other diseases that share the same or similar symptoms with SLE, indicating as common pathogenic factor beyond specific disease. tend to be embedded in negatively co-expressed microRNA-mRNA interactions and change binding free energy of the MRESSs greatlyCo-expression of microRNA and mRNA in the same tissue is the prerequisite of their interaction. If further evidence demonstrates their co-expression is negatively correlated, regulatory relationship can be established. We retrieved mirCoX database and obtained co-expression evidences for 495 microRNA-mRNA interactions affected by the candidate causal. Then, we compared their Pearson correlation coefficient to that of the other interactions predicted by TargetScan. Significant enrichment at the part of weakly negative correlation and anti-enrichment at the part of positive correlation were observed for these interactions (Figure 5). Correlation coefficients were not enriched in the part of highly negative correlation probably because most of the 495 interactions were created/enhanced by minor allele of the candidate causal. For the majority of the samples included by mirCoX database, such interactions may only maintain at a relatively low level. Another reason would be the mix of expression from all tissues that dilutes the truly negative correlations in real diseased tissues. Figure 5Enrichment pattern of Pearson correlation coefficients of the co-expressed microRNA-mRNA pairs containing candidate causal. We divided pairs with candidate causal into ten aliquots according to the correlation coefficients and obtained ten intervals. Then, we counted the number of not necessarily candidate SNPs, falling into each interval. At last, we divided the number of candidate causal in each interval by that of the total set and took logarithm. A value greater than zero means microRNA-mRNA pairs containing candidate causal enrich in this part, and a value less than zero stands for anti-enrichment. This figure displays significant enrichment at parts of weakly negative correlation and anti-enrichment at parts of positive correlation, which demonstrates pairs containing candidate causal are more likely to be interactive.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Some cultures have legends of creatures like Bigfoot and the Loch Ness Monster. [SEP] Text: 3 De WAP-aandeelhouder die niet slechts zijn belang verkoopt De aandeelhouder die niet zijn pakket verkoopt omdat hij vindt dat de biedprijs een fair market value vertegenwoordigt, wordt gemotiveerd door een andere reden om zijn pakket aan te bieden. De aandeelhouder heeft bijvoorbeeld een regeling getroffen of een overeenkomst gesloten met de bieder. Die aandeelhouder verkeert in een wezenlijk andere positie wanneer die regeling of overeenkomst meer of andere voorwaarden bevat dan de biedprijs. 41x (OK) 4 april 2017, ECLI:NL:GHAMS:2017:1203, ARO 2017/139 (I), r. o. 3. 15 onder e. Daardoor kan in de aanmelding van die aandeelhouder geen marktappreciatie van de biedprijs worden gelezen. Doorgaans is die luxe alleen weggelegd voor aandeelhouders met een bijzondere positie of kennis, zoals die van bestuurder, nu de bieder vooral die aandeelhouders wil overhalen hun pakket aandelen aan te bieden. Deze aandeelhouder krijgt bijvoorbeeld de mogelijkheid om door te rollen, waardoor hij kan meeprofiteren van de toekomstige groei van de doelvennootschap en de bijbehorende winsten. Die aandeelhouder geniet extra voordelen boven de maatman-aandeelhouder zodat in zijn aanmelding geen marktappreciatie van de biedprijs kan worden gelezen. 42x Zie bijv.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can negatively impact metabolic health. [SEP] Text: 2016;42(6):455-457 pdf full text | Published online: 13 Oct 2016, Issue date: 01 Jun 2016 Does higher energy intake explain weight gain and increased metabolic risks among shift workers? by Lindström J Working in shifts, especially if night shifts are included, is associated with many adverse health effects varying from gastrointestinal disturbances to cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes (1–4). The exact mechanisms for these associations are not firmly established (5). Short-term sleep restriction is known to induce insulin resistance and, for example, disturbances in fat metabolism (6), and shift workers are known to suffer from sleep loss. It is plausible that lifestyle factors related to shift work play a role as well. The accumulation of body fat leading to overweight and obesity is one of the key factors behind the development of metabolic disturbances in general population, and we can assume it to be so also among shift workers (7). There seems to be even a dose–response association, with an increasing trend in weight with increasing duration of shift work (8). But what exactly is it in shift work that predisposes those who do it to weight gain? And can we do something about it? In their systematic review of longitudinal studies, et al (9) found a strong evidence for a crude association between shift work exposure and body weight increase; however the confounder-adjusted associations were found to be inconclusive. This indicates that it is not shift work per se but other factors related to or associated with shift work that lead to body fat accumulation. On the other hand, in a recent systematic review, Bonham et al (10) concluded that energy intake does not differ between day and shift workers, and suggest that other factors such as circadian misalignment, meal timing, food choice and diurnal variation of energy metabolism at night may be responsible for the increased rates of obesity observed among shift workers. In general, only minor differences in nutrient intake between day and shift workers have been identified, and the results have been somewhat conflicting. It has been suggested that shift workers have more eating events per day than day workers (11), and it seems that shift workers make more unfavorable food choices than day workers do, preferring snack foods and sugary drinks (11, 12). In a recent study, shift working men were less likely to consume vegetables and fruits daily and women had higher intake of saturated fat compared with day workers (13).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All diseases can be eradicated by altering the human genome. [SEP] Text: Full size imagewill change the affinity of MRESSs and thus lead to alternation of binding free energy between wild type and mutant type MRESSs. Candidate SNPs should trigger greater energy alternation to ensure effectiveness. To test this hypothesis, we calculated alternation of binding free energy (ΔΔG) for each using a nearest-neighbor algorithm [44]. Then we compared ΔΔG of candidate to that of the total set (Figure 6A). A slightly decline of the peak near zero was observed for candidate causal which was concordant with a larger average |ΔΔG| of 4210 cal/mol for candidate causal versus 4105 cal/mol for all mapped to GWAS datasets. This result proved our hypothesis. A single mRNA may have multiple MRESSs in its 3′UTR. If the SNPs embedded in these MRESSs are in high LD with each other, their effects can be accumulated as haplotype scores. Haplotypes with greater accumulated |ΔΔG| should have greater impact on the expression level of mRNAs. We identified 3970 haplotypes comprised of at least two in 3′UTR of 1336 protein-coding genes, using LD data of 1000 genome pilot1. The average |ΔΔG| is 8521 cal/mol. If we only concern about haplotypes containing candidate the average |ΔΔG| would increase to a much greater value of 9781 cal/mol. We also compared the distribution of ΔΔG between haplotypes containing candidate and the total set, and got more striking results (Figure 6B). Figure 6Distribution of the alternations of binding free energy (ΔΔG) are different between candidate causal and the total set of in 12 GWAS datasets. Red dotted line denotes the candidate causal while black solid line denotes the total set of in 12 GWAS datasets. ΔΔG in Figure 6A is calculated by single SNP while that in Figure 6B is calculated by haplotype. We can observe a decline of the peak near zero and rightward shift for candidate which indicates the greater alternation of binding free energy are created. Full size imageConclusionMicroRNAs are important post-transcriptional regulators. Variants in their recognition element seed sites can result in dysfunction of microRNA-induced mRNA repression and thus lead to diseases.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Some cultures have legends of creatures like Bigfoot and the Loch Ness Monster. [SEP] Text: (OK) 23 november 2021, ECLI:NL:GHAMS:2021:3638, ARO 2022/22 (ICT Group), r. o. 3. 13, waar werknemers in de gelegenheid werden gesteld om aandelen in een groepsmaatschappij van de bieder te verwerven en daarom in een wezenlijk andere positie verkeerden. Aandeelhouders kunnen volgens de OK ook op een andere manier in een wezenlijk andere positie verkeren dan de maatman-aandeelhouder. 43x (OK) 4 april 2017, ECLI:NL:GHAMS:2017:1203, ARO 2017/139 (I), r. o. 3. 17. Het is niet duidelijk welke situaties hieronder vallen. Ik betoog dat aandeelhouders die onder grote druk hun aandelen aanmelden in de na-aanmeldingstermijn in deze categorie vallen. De heersende leer is echter dat aandelen die aangemeld worden tijdens de na-aanmeldingstermijn ‘gewoon’ worden meegenomen voor het berekenen van het 90%-criterium. 44x (OK) 20 december 2011, ECLI:NL:GHAMS:2011:BV2310, ARO 2012/13 (Draka Holding), r. o. 2. 3, 3. 10 en 3. 13; (OK) 21 februari 2012, ECLI:NL:GHAMS:2012:BV7343, ARO 2012/39 (Crucell), r. o. 3. 12-3. 13; (OK) 21 april 2015, ECLI:NL:GHAMS:2015:1461, ARO 2015/133 (Ziggo), r. o. 3. 19. Volgens sommige auteurs getuigt die na-aanmelding nog net van voldoende enthousiasme.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can negatively impact metabolic health. [SEP] Text: In a paper by Hulsegge et al (14) in this issue, shift workers were found to have a higher energy intake than day workers (56 kcal/d) and a slightly higher consumption of grains, dairy products, meat and fish and lower consumption of cakes and biscuits. No difference in savory snacks, sweets, soft drinks or juices were found. The difference in energy intake was largest for shift workers with ≥5 night shifts/month, who consumed 103 kcal/d more than day workers. The authors conclude that shift and day workers’ dietary quality is the same, but suggest that a higher energy intake among shift workers may be one of the causes of shift-work-induced overweight, obesity, and other adverse health outcomes; a reasonable suggestion if we acknowledge as fact that overweight indeed develops as a result of positive energy balance. The study included a relatively large population-based sample of 683 and 7173 shift and day workers, respectively from the original cohort of 40 010 men and women. The analyses were cross-sectional, with dietary data collection based on a 178-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire for the past year diet and retrospective data collection on work schedule 14–20 years earlier. The analyses were adjusted for several confounders, including age, sex, smoking, physical activity, and body mass index (BMI). No differences were presented for clinical risk factors, except that shift workers had slightly higher BMI compared with day workers. BMI is a crude measure of body adiposity, but does not tell anything about the actual body size, which is the most important predictor of energy expenditure (15). Due to the study’s cross-sectional study design, we do not know if the workers were eating more calories because they had higher BMI or if they had higher BMI because they were eating more calories. Furthermore, level of physical activity was estimated with a short questionnaire, including one question about type of work (sedentary, standing, physical, or heavy manual). This simple categorization may not be able to fully adjust for differing energy needs in different occupations. Therefore, Hulsegge at al’s conclusion that “…future studies need to confirm that shift workers indeed have a higher energy intake than day workers independent of energy requirements” is justified. Another important point in future studies is to use reliable and valid methods for dietary data collection.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All diseases can be eradicated by altering the human genome. [SEP] Text: Error bars correspond to standard deviation of the mean. No obvious dependence of expression variability to total 5UI length can be observed except for the most highly variable genes, which tend to have slightly shorter 5'UTR introns. (d) Boxplot of log10 of total 5'UTR intron length for gene groups defined by the number of tissues in which expression of each gene was detected. A gene was defined to have detectable expression in a given tissues if its expression was higher than the 25th percentile of mean expression of all genes. We found no differences in total 5'UTR intron length amongst the different gene groups. (e) Histogram of number of genes divided by the presence of 5'UTR introns and by the number of tissues in which expression was detected. The number of tissues in which expression was detected was independent of the presence of 5'UTR introns. Full size image Although our approach reliably captures across-tissue variability in gene expression, it disregards any potential effects of 5UI presence or length on how widely a gene is expressed. To consider the potential impact of such effects, we calculated the number of tissues in which expression was detected for each gene. Based on our analysis presented in Figure 3a, we defined a given gene as 'present' in a given tissue if its expression was greater than the 25th percentile in the distribution of mean expression over all tissues, calculated for all genes. Genes were placed into one of five classes according to the number of tissues in which they were present. No significant difference was detected amongst the corresponding five distributions of total 5UI length (Figure 3d; Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test, df = 4, P = 0. 19). Furthermore, the distribution of number of tissues in which each gene was present did not differ between genes containing and lacking 5UIs (Figure 3e). These results clearly contradict predictions of the 'genome design' hypothesis, in that narrowly expressed genes did not show a greater tendency to contain 5UIs nor did they tend to have longer 5UIs. These results strongly suggest that the evolution of 5UIs is not driven primarily by the selective pressures proposed by the 'genome design' hypothesis. Functional enrichment of categoriesUnder the neutral model, genes with 5UIs should be uniformly distributed across functional groups. We used (GO) function annotations to determine which groups of genes are enriched or depleted in 5UIs, if any.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Some cultures have legends of creatures like Bigfoot and the Loch Ness Monster. [SEP] Text: 45x Storm 2018, p. 605. Dat lijkt mij onder bepaalde omstandigheden niet het geval. Daar ga ik hieronder nader op in. Voor de start van de aanmeldingstermijn onderhandelt het bestuur van de beursvennootschap met de bieder over de voorwaarden van het bod. Daarbij wordt doorgaans afgesproken dat het bod gestand wordt gedaan bij een aanmeldpercentage van 80%. 46x Strikt bezien is de term ‘aanmeldpercentage’ niet accuraat, omdat de drempel altijd wordt gebaseerd op het totaal van (1) de onder het bod aangemelde aandelen en (2) de door de bieder al gehouden aandelen. Soms wordt het bod zelfs gestand gedaan bij een lager percentage dan afgesproken met de bieder. 47x Bij de overname van Accell door KKR werd het bod gestand gedaan, ondanks dat in de aanmeldingstermijn ‘slechts’ een aanmeldpercentage van 77,8% werd bereikt, terwijl een percentage van 80% was afgesproken tussen de bieder en de doelvennootschap. Na de initiële aanmeldingstermijn wordt bekend of het bod gestand wordt gedaan. Daarna volgt de na-aanmeldingstermijn. Vervolgens wordt bekend of er van een afgesproken pre-wired back end-structuur gebruik wordt gemaakt. Dat instrument blijft daarom na de bekendmaking dat het bod gestand wordt gedaan als een zwaard van Damocles boven de na-aanmeldingstermijn hangen.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can negatively impact metabolic health. [SEP] Text: A review by Lowden et al (16) evaluated the results of shift workers’ dietary intake studies since 1967. They highlighted several shortcomings of dietary studies among shift workers, including unreliable methods used for nutrition research. Shift work can change food timing while a healthy diet can be difficult to maintain especially if the facilities for eating outside the normal working hours are not well organized and healthy food choices are not available. Having catering services in worksites may be associated with healthier eating habits (17). If and when food frequency questionnaires are used, they should specifically be designed to capture the typical nutritional features in shift work, such as the irregularities in dietary patterns. Food diaries collected for a sufficient number of days can still be regarded as the most reliable way of collecting data on both the pattern and composition of diet. They are not bound by fixed food items, dish compositions, and portion sizes but allow free, real-time recording of meals and snacks, without the need for retrospection and food-item classification. Can we improve shift worker’s diet? Nutrition advice should be a standard part of the shift workers’ lifestyle counselling in occupational healthcare and the obligatory health check-ups demanded by national legislation in many countries (18). Whether or not shift work in general predisposes individuals to poor food choices or increased energy intake is not definitively proven. Either way, every shift worker should be considered individually and lifestyle counselling based on personal situation and estimation of individual risk factors for metabolic and other chronic diseases should be provided. 1. . Incidence of metabolic syndrome among night-shift healthcare workers. Med. 2010; 67:54-57. 2. Knutsson A, Boggild H. Gastrointestinal disorders among shift workers. Health. 2010; 36:85-95. 3. . Shift work and vascular events: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2012; 345:e4800. 4. . Night shift work and incidence of diabetes in the danish nurse cohort. Med. 2016; 73:262-268. 5. Puttonen S, Härmä M, Hublin C. Shift work and cardiovascular disease – pathways from circadian stress to morbidity. Health. 2010; 36:96-108. 6. . Sleep restriction increases free fatty acids in healthy men. Diabetologia. 2015; 58:791-798. 7.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All diseases can be eradicated by altering the human genome. [SEP] Text: This process could be restricted spatially, such that if the distance between the regulatory element and the transcription start site is long, then the enhancement should be less pronounced. Hence the genes with the highest expression levels might be under selective pressure to keep their introns short in order to retain their enhancer elements closer to the transcription start site. In this scenario, one can further imagine these elements to function in a tissue-specific regulatory mechanism if the recruited factors are themselves tissue-specific. Such an enhancer, located in the first intron of the mammalian acetylcholinesterase gene, was previously found to mediate the tissue-specific expression of this gene [56]. Another example of tissue-specific gene expression enhancement mediated by a 5UI was reported for the rice gene rubi3 [57]. The pressure to maintain regulatory elements in introns is also the central idea of the genome design model, and we tested the applicability of this hypothesis to 5UIs by analyzing genes with tissue-dependent variability in gene expression. As the most proximal intron to the transcription start site has been shown to contain more regulatory elements [33, 34], the genome design model might be expected to apply to 5UIs as well as coding region introns. Specifically, the genome design hypothesis predicts that tissue-specific or highly variable genes contain many regulatory elements in their introns and hence have longer introns in general [30]. However, we found no relationship between variability in expression across tissues and the length of the 5UI (Figure 3a, b). Furthermore, neither 5'UTR presence nor length was correlated with how widely a gene was expressed. Most known nucleotide-level regulatory elements are short (<15 nucleotides), and most known cis-regulatory modules could be contained within even a short (<1 kb) 5UI. Therefore, 5UIs need not be particularly long to enable complex and conserved regulation via cis-regulatory elements. Our results support the idea that the genome design model is not likely to be the most useful guide for understanding the evolved lengths of 5UIs. Finally, we considered whether certain classes of genes preferentially include 5UIs, and whether 5UIs contain regulatory elements. We found that genes with regulatory functions are enriched for 5UIs. The non-receptor tyrosine kinases, which play fundamental roles in all aspects of cell biology and signal transduction, were the most strongly enriched gene category.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Some cultures have legends of creatures like Bigfoot and the Loch Ness Monster. [SEP] Text: Deze gang van zaken heeft tot gevolg dat er grote druk wordt uitgeoefend op minderheidsaandeelhouders om alsnog in de na-aanmeldingstermijn hun aandelen aan te bieden. In de praktijk gaat dat soms zo ver dat minderheidsaandeelhouders worden opgebeld met de mededeling dat ze maar beter meteen hun aandelen kunnen aanmelden omdat ze anders uit de vennootschap gedrukt worden. Melden zij hun aandelen niet aan, en gaat de deal alsnog door, dan worden zij geconfronteerd met de pre-wired back end en de uitkoopprocedure. Een van de gevolgen daarvan kan zijn dat de minderheidsaandeelhouders 15% dividendbelasting moeten afdragen over de waarde van de aandelen. 48x Of een aandeelhouder dividendbelasting moet afdragen, kan per minderheidsaandeelhouder verschillen en de impact hiervan is daarom afhankelijk van de omstandigheden van het geval. Een voorbeeld hiervan is de overname van Accell door KKR en Teslin. Teslin was al aandeelhouder in Accell en zou aandeelhouder blijven na de overname. Het bod werd op 9 juni 2022 tegen de biedprijs gestand gedaan, toen KKR en Teslin samen 77,8% van de aandelen in handen hadden. De in de merger agreement afgesproken drempel van 80% voor de gestanddoening van het bod werd dus niet gehaald. Op 22 juni 2022 werd alsnog de 80%-grens gehaald, waardoor de minderheidsaandeelhouders gesqueezed konden worden.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Quantum biology explores the intersection of quantum mechanics and biological processes. [SEP] Text: Time-delocalized quantum subsystems and operations: on the existence of processes with indefinite causal structure in quantum mechanics Time-delocalized quantum subsystems and operations: on the existence of processes with indefinite causal structure in quantum mechanicspolytechnique de Bruxelles, C. P. 165, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, BelgiumPublished:2019-12-02, page 206Eprint:arXiv:1801. 07594v4Doi: 3, 206 (2019). Get full text pdfRead on arXiv VanityComment on Fermat's libraryFind this paper interesting or want to discuss? Scite or leave a comment on SciRate. AbstractIt has been shown that it is theoretically possible for there to exist higher-order quantum processes in which the operations performed by separate parties cannot be ascribed a definite causal order. Some of these processes are believed to have a physical realization in standard quantum mechanics via coherent control of the times of the operations. A prominent example is the quantum which was recently demonstrated experimentally. However, the interpretation of such experiments as realizations of a process with indefinite causal structure as opposed to some form of simulation of such a process has remained controversial. Where exactly are the local operations of the parties in such an experiment? On what spaces do they act given that their times are indefinite? Can we probe them directly rather than assume what they ought to be based on heuristic considerations? How can we reconcile the claim that these operations really take place, each once as required, with the fact that the structure of the presumed process implies that they cannot be part of any acyclic circuit? Here, I offer a precise answer to these questions: the input and output systems of the operations in such a process are generally nontrivial subsystems of Hilbert spaces that are tensor products of Hilbert spaces associated with systems at different times---a fact that is directly experimentally verifiable. With respect to these time-delocalized subsystems, the structure of the process is one of a circuit with a causal cycle. This provides a rigorous sense in which processes with indefinite causal structure can be said to exist within the known quantum mechanics. I also identify a whole class of isometric processes, of which the quantum is a special case, that admit a physical realization on time-delocalized subsystems. These results unveil a novel structure within quantum mechanics, which may have important implications for physics and information processing.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All diseases can be eradicated by altering the human genome. [SEP] Text: Then we removed all the cases where another splice variant was present in the RefSeq collection such that any sequence within the intron was part of the coding region. Hence, all the introns in our final dataset were strictly present in the 5'UTR according to the annotation of RefSeq genes. 5'UTR exon coordinates were similarly retrieved as of June 2007. Recent studies suggest that nearly all human genes are alternatively spliced [13–15]. However, it is not clear what fraction of these events have biological significance as opposed to reflecting random noise associated with the less than perfect fidelity of the splicing machinery. Only when multiple independent sources of evidence support tissue-dependent alternative splicing can we be confident that these variants have real biological significance. Therefore, we used RefSeq transcripts, which are (unlike ESTs) manually curated and supported by multiple sources of evidence. For the comparisons between total lengths of 5UIs and the rest of the introns, we extracted coordinates of all non-5'UTR introns from the RefSeq annotation table (as of May 2009). A complete list of the genomic coordinates of 5UIs examined in this study is available as Additional file 1. Microarray data and analysisThe microarray data were downloaded from Atlas, which included expression data from 79 different tissues in humans [66]. We used the gcRMA-normalized data from the Affymetrix U133a and GNF1H arrays. Synergizer [42] was used to associate RefSeq genes with probe sets on the U133a array and custom Perl v5. 8. 8 scripts were used to parse the GNF1H annotation table (available on the Atlas website). The resulting correspondences of RefSeq IDs to probe sets on the GNF1H and U133a microarrays were merged to obtain a final mapping. Where multiple probe sets corresponded to a single RefSeq ID, the arithmetic mean of the expression values of all the probes was used to obtain a representative expression level for that RefSeq ID in each tissue. A single region of the genome can correspond to more than one RefSeq ID due to alternative splice variants and/or alternative promoters, and there were cases of a single probe set corresponding to multiple RefSeq IDs. To avoid overweighting such regions, we removed RefSeq IDs such that there were no duplicates.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Some cultures have legends of creatures like Bigfoot and the Loch Ness Monster. [SEP] Text: Binnen 24 uur hadden KKR en Teslin 97% van de aandelen in handen. Dat in één dag tijd 17% van de aandeelhouders eieren voor hun geld kiest, verbaast niet. 49x Het percentage van 17% kan enigszins een vertekend beeld geven omdat indexfondsen volgens hun beleid hun pakket aandelen pas mogen aanmelden als de 80%-grens uit de merger agreement behaald is. Ik ben van mening dat indexfondsen die ‘blind aanmelden’ – zonder zich een eigen oordeel over de biedprijs te vormen – kwalificeren als WAP-aandeelhouder. De aandeelhouder die in de Accell-casus van mening is dat de biedprijs geen billijke prijs is, bevindt zich namelijk in een onmogelijke positie: (1) het bod accepteren en genoegen nemen met een prijs waarvan hij vindt dat die niet kwalificeert als billijke prijs, of (2) zijn ‘geluk’ beproeven in de uitkoopprocedure of de back end. Minderheidsaandeelhouders zoals ASR verklaarden zich onder druk gezet te voelen om alsnog de aandelen aan te melden. 50x Zie fd. nl/bedrijfsleven/1441964/veb-accell-schoffeert-minderheidsaandeelhouders. Bij de overname van Boskalis door HAL verklaarden minderheidsaandeelhouders die in dezelfde positie verkeerden als ASR ook dat zij zich onder druk gezet voelden, zie fd.

Output: pass