Input: Claim: Insects are rich in protein, vitamins, and minerals, making them a nutritious food source. [SEP] Text: Ocena stanu zaopatrzenia w witaminę D w populacji osób dorosłych w Polsce [Assessment of the supply of vitamin D in the adult population in Poland]. Stand Med. Pediatr. 2014;11:609-617. 38. Walicka M, Jasik A, Paczyńska M, Wąsowski M, Tałataj M, Marcinowska-Suchowierska E. Niedobór witaminy D - problem społeczny [deficiency - a social problem]. Med. 2019;32(1):14-22. 39. Association between vitamin D supplementation and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2019 Aug;366. 40. Lisowska K, Bryl E. Rola witaminy D w rozwoju chorób autoimmunologicznych [The role of vitamin D in the development of autoimmune diseases]. Med Dosw. 2017;71(1):797-810. 41. Kemnic TR, Coleman M. Deficiency. In: Abai B, Abu-Ghosh A. , editors. StatPearls [Internet]. (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2019. Available from: 42. Szeleszczuk Ł, Kuras M. Znaczenie wapnia w metabolizmie człowieka i czynniki wpływające na jego biodostępność w diecie [The importance of calcium in human metabolism and factors affecting his biodability in diet]. Farm. 2014;3:16-22. 43. Suliburska J, Król W, Staniek H, Wójciak R, Reguła J, Marcinek K, Krejpcio Z. Ocena stanu odżywienia wapniem, magnezem, żelazem, cynkiem i miedzią kobiet w wieku 18-70 lat na podstawie analizy włosów [Assessment of nutritional status of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and copper for women aged 18-70 based on hairanalysis].

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Zero-waste fashion completely eliminates any environmental impact of clothing. [SEP] Text: The width of the printed design details was sized to ensure that it was sturdy enough to hold the structure together and narrow enough to be lifted off the printing platform. Each item was designed with a durable flat base, as well as balanced, solid fills and meshes, with no overhanging parts, negating the need for supporters. These objects were then printed, lifted off the printing platform, and sanded to clean the edges as needed. Painter’s tape sheets were used to facilitate easy removal of the printed object from the printer. ResultsDesign 1 ensembleexplored her personal sustainable fabric collection to find a medium for a 3D printing fashion accessory. The inspiration for the design 1 ensemble of button accessories and a cape came from a fabric remnant from a vertically integrated woolen mill. The jacquard fabric’s surface design reflected regional pride (lakes, rivers). The fabric weight, limited remnant yardage, and the goal of zero-waste steered the garment design toward a contemporary-style cape with an oversized draped collar. The poncho-style cape was purposefully draped to display the Mississippi river (front view), key lakes at prominent locations (side arm drape), and to ensure maximum utilization of the fabric. was able to utilize 95% of the fabric. The cape was sewn and pieced together with flat seaming to manage bulk. The front was adorned with customized zero-waste 3D printed buttons to complement the fabric design. Two fabric-covered snaps were applied to create the closure. The raw edges were finished with a 3/8th” fringe for the hem and collar and a blanket stitch for the placket using yarns extracted from the fabric. These design decisions reflect the zero-waste philosophy (Zero-waste 2009). This fabric choice and cape design inspired letter-layered buttons with the name of the state and map in relief (see Figs. 1, 2, 3). The buttons complement the jacquard design of the local, biodegradable wool fabric that had a woven street and lake map of the state. To create the buttons, started with the base letter shape and added holes using Tinkercad. Then, advanced Rhinoceros 5 was used to design the layering on the buttons. The buttons for letters A, E, I, M, N, and T have a word layered in the relief.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: 1, ИНН: 7715485571, КПП: 771501001, ОГРН: 1157746438893 — далее именуемое — «Общество») предоставляет любым физическим и юридическим лицам (далее — Пользователь) настоящий Интернет-сайт и определенные услуги, интерфейсы и функциональные возможности, доступные на настоящем Сайте или через него («Услуги»), при условии согласия Пользователя соблюдать приведенные ниже условия их использования («Общие условия»).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: 1 IntroductionThe term ‘digital nomad’ is still being defined and this paper does not attempt a full definition. However, journalistic and scholarly sources often define digital nomads as young, work-oriented professionals who reject outwardly imposed structures of traditional office work—such as the 9 to 5—and place value on autonomy, flexibility and the ability to travel and work where they please (e. g. Hart 2015; Spinks 2015; Müller 2016; Reichenberger 2017; Schlagwein 2018a; Thompson 2018a). Sites of tourism that offer lower living costs than cities in the Global North, particularly in Thailand, Bali in Indonesia and more recently Medellín in Columbia, are the clichéd and most blogged about digital nomad centres (Hart 2015; Spinks 2015). Online resources such as (nomadlist. com) rate many more cities and locations across the world and they can even be filtered and ranked based on internet speed, quality of life and cost of living. Services like these offer digital nomads an ever-changing menu of locations and backdrops. A nuanced but important distinction noted by some scholars is that whereas business travellers travel for limited periods of time because of their work, digital nomads attempt to gain freedom by travelling whilst working (Müller 2016, p. 346; Reichenberger 2017, p. 15). This raises interesting questions about the boundaries between generalised concepts of work, leisure and freedom. This research shows that digital nomads attempt to challenge these work/leisure boundaries in the pursuit of freedom, but in doing so face unforeseen challenges. ‘Digital nomad’ is not the only term for this emerging and subjective category of worker. Whilst the term may have both hopeful and derogatory connotations, terms such as ‘location-independent’ and ‘remote worker’ are sometimes used as more neutral alternatives. Conversely, pejorative terms like ‘digital gonad’ and ‘digital bromad’ are circulated in critiques of the digital nomad lifestyle on social media and in online blogs (e. g. Reddit 2018; Wallace 2020). As the term is contested, digital nomadism is often more easily defined by what it is not. In this study, self-described digital nomads, ex-pats and local populations where the digital nomad research was being conducted (e. g.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Zero-waste fashion completely eliminates any environmental impact of clothing. [SEP] Text: As each pendant was of slightly different complexity than the others, each one took a different amount of time to print. Pendants numbered one through five (Figs. 4a–c, 5a, b, 6a, b, 7, 8a, b) took 1 h and 18 min, 1 h and 14 min, 1 h and 6 min, 56 min, and 40 respectively. In total, printing time was 5 h and 14 min (average 1 h per pendant). The time for printing varied based on the pendant thickness and extruder’s movement for the design. also used gold paint finishing for two pendants to replicate metallic jewelry. The researcher explored sustainable paints but eventually used craft store plastic friendly paints for aesthetics. Design 4 was painted using a brush, thereby preserving the surface texture of the pendant. Design 5 was painted using spray paint resulting in loss of surface texture. Each pendant was designed to include a variety of curves, points, thicknesses, and textures. These designs are only possible using Rhinoceros 5. The smaller earrings took much less time to print than the pendants; averaging 15 min each (see Fig. 4b). If required, the final prints were hand sanded to remove rough edges. developed intermediate skills in designing and printing in 3D. These designs can also be refined in terms of sustainability by exploring layer height, printing speed and quality, infill, number of shells, and extruder temperature. DiscussionDesign work as well as research and literature on 3D printing in fashion is in its infancy. Readiness to use this technology is on a continuum with many researchers exploring its potential and fewer designers actually successfully applying 3D printing to their work. Iris van Herpen, Shapeways, and Cubify are some of the leading designers and 3D companies but none of them have applied the philosophy of zero-waste to their design process as was reported herein. The authors were inspired by the zero-waste philosophy (Zero-waste 2009), which gives fashion designers the opportunity to change the industry. The fashion items developed were created without generating any waste demonstrating a process that contributes to the body of knowledge on 3D printing with PLA plastic for the fashion industry. 3D printing additive technology provides unlimited geometrical freedom (Campbell et al. 2011). It is also considered sustainable as it directly prints the design (Gebler et al.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Использование Пользователем настоящего Сайта или пользование Услугами означает согласие Пользователя с Общими условиями. После принятия Общих условий они станут обязательным для исполнения соглашением между Обществом и Пользователем и будут регулировать использование Пользователем Сайта или пользование Услугами («Договор»). Если Пользователь не желает соблюдать Общие условия, он должен немедленно прекратить использование настоящего Сайта или Услуг.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: Chiang Mai) were shown a simple diagram showing two intersecting rating scales: high/low mobility and work/nonwork (Fig. 1). They were invited to plot themselves on the diagram, and also to discuss where categories, stereotypes or groups might sit. This activity generated many discussions; however, four key themes clearly emerged. First, digital nomads rejected the label ‘tourist’. Second, Western ex-pats living in digital nomad hotspots differentiated themselves from digital nomads, whom they described as transient. Third, Thai locals were mostly unaware of the digital nomad term and simply used the term ‘farang’, which roughly translates as ‘Westerner’ or ‘foreigner’. Finally, most digital nomads subjectively rated themselves as highly mobile and work focused. Fig. 1Two intersecting rating scales: high/low mobility and work/nonwork. The diagram shows that most self-described digital nomads subjectively rated themselves as highly mobile and work focused. The positioning of other categories on this diagram also came out of subjective discussions and should be considered as such. Diagram: Full size image1. 1 The freedom/discipline paradoxPutting aside the ongoing task of definition, this research presents data on digital nomads encountered in coworking spaces in Thailand, who all have three qualities in common. All self-identified as digital nomads, all were travelling while they worked (or attempted to work) and none were permanently settling in the countries they were visiting. More noteworthy, and often overlooked in definitions of digital nomadism, is that everyone in this study demonstrated a growing preoccupation with disciplining and self-disciplining practices. This paper explores the nature of this preoccupation, what it might mean, and why these practices only revealed themselves over time. For example, one digital nomad who publicly blogged about digital nomad burnout (Applebee 2017) reflected back on his experience a few years later. He explained that it was only when he noticed himself engaging in highly disciplined time-management strategies that he realised that things were going wrong: was a nomad, I was switched on 24/7. I told everyone else, and myself, that this was OK. I didn’t have a concept of free time until I found myself scheduling four-hour meetings in my diary titled: downtime. It is insane.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Zero-waste fashion completely eliminates any environmental impact of clothing. [SEP] Text: 2014); however, by default, the printer chooses to include rafts and, in some cases, supporters to accurately print the design using the CAD file blueprint. These rafts and supporters are waste materials that have to be removed from the printed object after printing is completed. Fortunately, Berman (2012) reported that waste generation in additive printing is only 40% and recyclable. However, even 40% is too high for a zero-waste philosophy. Consequently, the authors employed a design as research method and experimented with design strategies to be able to print without the use of rafts and supporters eliminating waste creation. They successfully designed and printed zero-waste notions and accessories made from biodegradable material using Maker2 printer. This project is the first successful attempt at 3D printing for zero-waste fashion notions and accessories. The 3D printing technology industries are challenged to develop sustainable and durable materials as well as equipment that can print any design without waste. Such developments enhance the creativity and sustainability of 3D printing, especially if they respect the Foundation’s (2015) fair-trade filament standards. However, as Pei et al. (2015) observed because the 3D filament material (PLA) used in our process is water soluble, future designers may need to use a different plastic as well as a different 3D printer to create zero-waste notions that can be applied to ready-to-wear washable garments. Designers may not be able to use biodegradable material. To address this possible sustainability and waste issue, additional research on washability and durability is needed to supply information on the suitability of the raw materials for end uses. Samuels and Flowers (2015) reported that PLA appliqués remained attached after a 45-min detergent-free, delicate wash cycle with warm water. They speculated, however, that “rougher washing cycles, higher wash temperatures, detergents, and dryer temperatures may cause PLA breakdown” (p. 20). In the future, when embracing the zero-waste philosophy, 3D printing technology industries will need to develop non-water soluble, sustainable extrusion filaments for use in apparel and fashion. Both researchers experienced a steep learning curve when learning to use the 3D design tools (Fabian 2017; Kwon et al. 2017).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Время от времени Общество может менять условия и положения, изложенные ниже. Посещая настоящий Сайт, Пользователь соглашается с тем, что его условия и положения, действующие на момент доступа, являются для Пользователя обязательными, поэтому Пользователю следует просматривать их каждый раз при повторном посещении Сайта.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: I look back at this period in my life and wonder why it took so long to burn out. (Interview with Sam Applebee, social entrepreneur and former digital nomad, September 2019) For many digital nomads, how freedom is experienced is often very different to how they first imagined it to be. This paper explores the nuances behind this paradoxical tension between discipline and freedom. 1. 2 Freedom and the digital nomad imaginationDigital nomads rarely start out worrying about burnout. Digital nomadism is profoundly influenced by the language of imagination, possibility and techno-utopianism. Indeed, a remarkably prescient prediction of the technologies that would enable the lifestyle was described by Makimoto and Manners (1997, p. 35). This prediction came at least a decade before the technological and communication infrastructures became widely enough available to make the lifestyle practical. Genealogies of how digital nomadism emerged are scarce and subjective (Gilbert 2013; Schlagwein 2018b) and idealised accounts have since dominated the public image of digital nomads. As a result, by the mid 2010s the trope of happy millennials travelling the world, working with laptops on far-flung beaches, became the dominant utopian narrative presented in the media (Hart 2015; Spinks 2015). The media routinely report that the main motivational push behind digital nomadism is a desire to escape the coercive, disciplining structures of the contemporary workplace, especially 9 to 5 obligations, presenteeism, micromanagement and the daily commute (e. g. Ferris 2007; Hart 2015; Spinks 2015) and this has also been noted in research on digital nomads (Reichenberger 2017, p. 1; Nash et al. 2018, p. 207). Academics are now beginning to note that the digital nomad dream is also often expressed as a desire to gain a symbolic or generalised feeling of freedom, autonomy and self-determination (Müller 2016, p. 345; Reichenberger 2017, p. 2; Thompson 2018a, p. 23). For digital nomads ‘true freedom’ is often framed in two ways. The first framing is hypermobile freedom: precisely, the ability to frequently change location. Accordingly, suggests three categories of digital nomadism on an ascending scale of mobility, and this builds on the idea that frequent travel confers cultural capital on to digital nomads (Bourdieu 1985).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Zero-waste fashion completely eliminates any environmental impact of clothing. [SEP] Text: The learning curve matters because it will require academia to train future professionals to be adept in existing and upcoming 3D technologies. Several variables that can be manipulated on the 3D printer’s desktop and firmware also require training and practice to get optimum design results. University-level training will be a challenge given the time commitment to learn the software. For example, a 3taught in a Korean university required 4 weeks of a 16-week course to train students on Rhinoceros 5 tools and functions (Kwon et al. 2017). Despite this learning curve, educating and socializing the next generation of fashion and design professionals to embrace the zero-waste philosophy, in concert with providing 3D technical training and developing practical skills, bodes well for sustainable 3D fashion design at academic, practitioner, and industry levels. LimitationsThis design as research was limited because of the shortcomings of the Maker2 3D Desktop printer. The research was further limited by the size of build plate and type of filament used in addition to the challenges of learning the engineering-based CAD software Rhinoceros 5. Kwon et al. (2017) also reported difficulties in quickly learning Rhinoceros. Because the MakerBot prints with only PLA or ABS filaments, consideration of other durable (washable) and sustainable materials is necessary for future research. Future researchers could also explore other research variables including layer height, printing speed and quality, infill, number of shells, and extruder temperature, or other printers and materials. These may affect zero-waste achievements. Other sustainability issues related to 3D printing include emission of toxic gases and use of electric power and heat generation, issues that are beyond the scope of this paper. Such research could help this technology to storm the fashion world. Finally, although the authors were able to explore and design notions and jewelry, exploration of other available technologies and materials will facilitate further research in the area of producing sustainable, zero-waste 3D fashion items. ConclusionsThere is a huge potential to use this disruptive technology in designing and creating fashions that are unique, sustainable (zero-waste), and made-on-demand. The free availability and accessibility of many design software and 3D printers (Fabian 2017) allows designers to experiment and develop ideas that can transform the design industry in a big way. This technology is providing a landscape where humans and computers collaborate in design creation (Tania 2017).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Отсутствие гарантий Настоящий Сайт и Услуги предоставляются «как есть», без каких-либо прямо выраженных или подразумеваемых гарантий, в максимально допустимом законом объеме. Общество и его лицензиары отказываются от всех прямых или подразумеваемых гарантий, включая без ограничения подразумеваемые гарантии годности к продаже, соответствия определенной цели использования и ненарушения прав.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: Level one denotes those with the capacity to be mobile workers via digital technology but who are primarily static. Level two denotes people who have a home base but travel and work intermittently. Level three denotes those who travel and work constantly, with no home base (Reichenberger 2017, p. 8). In her paper Reichenberger states that her sample focuses on ‘digital nomads on the second or third level’ because she is studying the ‘role of travel and its relation to work’ (Reichenberger 2017, p. 8). accept this focus and classification in the context of her research, there were some informants in the study I present here who aspired to work but were not yet working. Therefore, in this paper the digital nomad definition is expanded to include those who are highly mobile, are working, and also those attempting to work. This latter category is very important because digital nomad conferences, meet-ups, mail lists, Facebook groups and even coworking spaces are frequently populated by people in the process of trying to imagine, plan or set up a digital nomad lifestyle. Nonetheless, Reichenberger’s categories are helpful because deeply embedded value judgements, notions of digital nomad authenticity, and questions about how successfully mobile (and global) a person might be, often surface in ethnographic accounts. For example, minimalism, and even the ability to glide through airports with carry-on luggage, are examples of how concepts of freedom and mobility become hybridised (Nash et al. 2018, 1. 3 Digital nomadism and the importance of discipline in everyday lifeDespite this awareness that freedom is central to the experience of digital nomadism, there have not yet been any studies that explore how these valorised concepts of freedom, autonomy and self-determination become practised in the everyday lives of digital nomads. This research paper sets out to remedy this by exploring what happens when digital nomads attempt to transform these ideals into everyday practice. This research finds that in practice digital nomadism is not always experienced as autonomous and free but is a way of living that requires high levels of engagement with various levels of discipline. It examines how digital nomads practise and experience these different types of discipline over time. This paper also highlights the importance of longitudinal ethnographic research when investigating long-term travel and lifestyle changes that occur and adapt over time.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Zero-waste fashion completely eliminates any environmental impact of clothing. [SEP] Text: Indeed, the design as research approach used herein yielded zero-waste fashion accessories created through the interaction of the designers’ thinking and 3D technology (Faste and Faste 2012). Previous researchers (Black 2012; Meyer 2015; Shinet al. 2016; Sun and Lu 2015; Weller et al. 2015; White et al. 2015) have also found prototyping, customization, and on-demand design creation to be a very suitable application of 3D printing. However, none of them considered zero-waste or waste reduction in their design work. Be it rapid prototyping or on-demand creation, 3D printing goes hand-in-hand with sustainability (Gebler et al. 2014). The authors speculate that further strategies to develop critical viewpoint to expand the sustainability attribute and its application through divergent, 3D design thinking, including choice of philosophy, materials and equipment (Hoskins 2013), will shape new narratives of 3D printing and zero-waste, sustainable fashion. 2018. 3D Printing Ally. (n. d. ). 3D printing 101. Retrieved from 3D website Retrieved 4 Aug 2016. 3D Systems. (2014). 3D Systems unveils 3D printed bespoke braces for chronic condition scoliosis [Press release]. Retrieved from Accessed 5 Apr 2018. Berman, B. (2012). 3-D printing: The new industrial revolution. Business Horizons, 55(2), 152–165. 269. 71. 250. 2018. Fabian. (2017, May 9). Top 20: Most popular 3D modeling & design software for 3D printing (2017 updates) [Web log post]. Retrieved from M. (2017, March 13). Fall 2017 ready-to wear: [Web log post]. Retrieved from T. , & Faste, H. (2012, August 15). Demystifying “design research”: Design is not research, research is design. Paper presented at the. Retrieved from (2018, April). What supports do. Retrieved from Formlabs website J. , Neuhart, M. , & Eames, R. (1989). Eames design: The work of the office of Charles and Ray Eames. New York, NY: Abrams. 98. 571. 224. 67. 2018. Tania, R. T. (2017).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Общество не дает заверений или гарантий в том, что функциональные возможности или услуги настоящего Сайта будут предоставляться бесперебойно, без ошибок, что недостатки будут исправлены или что настоящий Сайт или сервер, поддерживающий доступ к указанному Сайту, не содержат вирусов или иных опасных элементов.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: For example, disciplining practices were rarely mentioned in initial interviews with aspiring digital nomads and only emerged gradually over four years of fieldwork. The following studies on digital nomadism mention concepts related to discipline and productivity. Müller suggests that despite a preoccupation with travel, digital nomads privilege work over leisure and ‘labour productivity is an important feature in the lifestyle of digital nomads’ (Müller 2016, p. 345). Reichenberger also tangentially touches on the need for self-discipline when she describes professional freedom as the ability to: select and structure work-related tasks in a self-imposed manner… driven by the desire to create a more flexible and tailored life outside of externally imposed structures (e. g. specific working times, restricted free time, geographical dependence) (Reichenberger 2017, 1. 4 Towards a definition of digital nomad disciplineIn attending to the importance of discipline in digital nomad practices, two main definitions of discipline are used in this paper: external-discipline and self-discipline. Footnote 1 Examples of externally imposed discipline include set project deadlines and set working hours. Externally imposed discipline can be broken down into two further sub-categories. The first category is a form of external-discipline that is voluntarily entered into, negotiated or even welcomed. For example, a digital nomad might find deadlines helpful as a goal-setting mechanism for motivational purposes. This is referred to as ‘volitional participation’. A second and quite different category is a form of externally imposed discipline that is more forcefully imposed, which might be more commonly experienced in some stereotypical 9 to 5 company cultures. Official warnings for arriving late or missing a deadline are such examples, and this type of discipline is referred to as ‘forceful imposition’. The second definition is self-discipline. Self-discipline is regularly practised and discussed by digital nomads who habitually conceptualise it as an expression of individual self-determination and freedom. For example, phrases such as ‘own it’, ‘the buck stops with me’ or ‘it is all down to me’ were frequently used by digital nomads in this study. Furthermore, self-discipline is usually positioned as directly opposed to outwardly imposed discipline.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Every textile product can be made zero-waste without any design changes. [SEP] Text: This experiment is part of the Challenge Grant. Browse more projectsCan we produce composite leather by biodegrading textile waste, using mycelium? By Annah-Ololade SangosanyaBacked by Experiment Foundation, Yacine Benkhalifa, Nivek-and 31 other backersène çoise ård, Élodie and Duvan A. : 10. 18258/27735Grant: : Science EngineGrant: Mycological Innovations$3,432Raised of $3,350 Goal102%Funded on 9/20/22Successfully Funded$3,432pledged102%fundedFundedon 9/20/22? How does this work? FollowOverviewMethods(4)Discussion (10)Project ResultsDuring this research, I was able to investigate further the use of the mycelium from basidiomycetes and ascomycetes in the remediation amorphous polymers in an agar setup and of cotton and synthetic textile fibers. This crowdfunding campaign allowed me to develop a mycelium materials lab, develop a protocol for producing mycelium skins in a liquid fermentation setup and identify upcoming challenges to be able to work on textile remediation, such as crystallinity or fitness of the strain used. This project was an opportunity to bring my postgraduate thesis project further and I am now going to dig deeper into the subject of textile bioremediation by doing a PhD at the Brussels. Thank you all again for your support and for following my mushroom adventures ProjectCan textile waste be repurposed and recycled as a raw material for the growth of mycelium leathers? Textile waste is accumulating in landfills due to overcunsumption of garments and poor recycling opportunities. Textile biodegradation by various fungal strains (Pleurotus ostreatus, Schyzophyllium comune and Omphalatus nidiformis) will be assessed to find the most efficient strain to biodegrade denim and synthetic textile waste, and which is best for myco-leather production. Ask the ScientistsDiscussionWhat is the context of this research? This experiment was based on the previous observations that most fungal strains are able to biodegrade cellulose but also different types of plastic (PUR and PET), which are the main components of textile.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Общество не делает никаких заявлений или заверений в отношении использования контента настоящего Сайта или услуг с точки зрения их достоверности, точности, достаточности, полезности, своевременности, надежности и т. д.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: Similar concerns are noted in studies that describe digital nomadism as a form of flexible precarious work in the gig economy (Sutherland and Jarrahi 2017, 1. 6 Discipline and the management of work/leisure boundariesThis paper explores the role that these twin concepts of external-discipline and self-discipline play in the lives of digital nomads and finds, paradoxically, that digital nomads put disciplining practices in place in order to separate work and leisure, not to merge them. Work conducted by other anthropologists has also pointed out that the work/home distinction remained relevant after early digital technologies were adopted (Nippert-Eng 1996), and that this distinction still influenced how time is managed and spent. Broadbent pointed out fifteen years later, ‘The separation between workplace and home, derived from the generalization of the organizational models of industrial capitalisms, continues to imply a strong correlation between attention, time and productivity’ (Broadbent 2012, p. 131). The simultaneous erosion of the boundaries between work and leisure, and the paradox that considerable effort is required to separate them (if one is to maintain a work/life balance), has been investigated in more recent studies on the use and impacts of mobile digital devices (Mazmanian et al. 2013; Cousins and Robey 2015; Nelson et al. 2017; Mazmanian 2018). Cousins and Robey clearly described the problem digital nomads might face when they suggested, ‘as work continues to become detached from specific times and places, the management of work-life boundaries will become increasingly important’ (Cousins and Robey 2015, p. 61). has gone further and proposed that this type of digital labour is increasing in intensity and frequency: ‘Hence, the weight of terms such as “detox” to describe short stints away from technologies of connectivity. Separation takes work, planning, and new forms of communication’ (Mazmanian 2018, p. 3). In the findings section of this paper evidence is presented that shows that digital nomads draw upon significant reserves of creativity, time, effort, work and discipline to maintain a semblance of work/life balance. Digital nomads may appear to reject the traditional office with its impositions, but other bureaucracies and forms of labour quickly emerge.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Every textile product can be made zero-waste without any design changes. [SEP] Text: Mycelium is also used for the production of leather-like materials by various companies. In previous experiments, samples of composite flexible mycelium materials were produced through the biodegradation of combinations of denim or synthetic textile waste, food waste and spent coffee grounds using the mycelium of P. ostreatus (oyster), at the scale of a petri dish. Provided the soft nature of the substrate, the composite material was malleable, and therefore interesting for further textile applications. What is the significance of this project? The fashion industry produces over 100 billion garments per year, of which 60% are plastic based and 85% will end up in a dump before the end of the year. Considering that various micro and macro-organisms, such as fungi and more specifically mycelium, are capable of biodegrading cellulose and complex plastic molecules, an opportunity to rethink the linearity of the textile industry emerges. Beyond breaking down the waste products, the mycelium hyphae network can produce mycelium-based materials, including leather-like materials, adoptable in the fashion industry. Producing a composite mycelium leather from the textile waste, forming a new textile from it and repeating the loop represents a way to eliminate the accumulation problem and replace it with natural solutions. What are the goals of the project? The first goal is to compare the biodegradation of denim textile waste and synthetic textile waste by P. ostreatus, O. nidiformis and S. comune in petri dishes (3 replicates for each textile type and for each strain) using the velocity of colonization as a criteria. Second is to enhance the quality of the composite leather already developped by repeating the previous experiments in an incubator controling temperature, humidity and CO2. Third, to enhance the quality of the composite leather already developped, especifically the resistance to tearing by felting the fibers prior to inoculation, using the best strain. And last, to upscale the size of the composite leather production to reach 3 sheets of 50cm x 50cm and make a design object out of it (bag). wait. . . Through previous experiments, DIY (Yourself) scientific tools were used and these low means already led to promising results.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Ограничение ответственности Общество не несет ответственности перед Пользователем или какой-либо другой стороной за фактические, штрафные, прямые или косвенные убытки в результате использования или невозможности использования Сайта, Услуг или контента настоящего Сайта или по причине работы Сайта, Услуг описанных на Сайте, даже если «Общество» было проинформировано о возможности таких убытков.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: These forms of digital labour partially explain Mazmanian’s framing of the contemporary worker as a worker/smartphone hybrid (Mazmanian 2018, p. 3). Indeed, this paper explores the hybridised, embedded and sometimes coercive time-management technologies that digital nomads carry in their pockets and their backpacks and often end up embodying and practising. Furthermore, Judy Wajcman’s research into the influence that exerts on contemporary perceptions of time builds on the above concepts of the worker/smartphone hybrid. Building on E. P. Thompson’s concept of industrial time-discipline, she writes: work ethic is alive and well and nowhere more evident than in Silicon Valley. Here, the quest of optimizing time has become an overriding principle, with Moore’s law of acceleration seemingly elevated to an ideal to be applied to every aspect of life. Reading, listening, eating, dating, and—as ever—working: there is apparently no activity that cannot be made better by being made faster. (Wajcman 2018c, p. 2) She argues that the very design and engineering of technologies, from smartphones to calendar applications that contemporary workers (including digital nomads) carry and use, have in-built affordances that ‘may be restructuring our sense of time’ and urge their users on a quest for never-ending productivity, scheduling and self-discipline (Wajcman 2018c, p. 3). In this context the task of managing work/life balance becomes increasingly onerous, fraught and complex. As we will also see in the findings sections, this language of productivity and discipline is both tacitly and explicitly acknowledged by digital nomads. It is explicitly evident in how they use calendar applications and is tacitly expressed in the usage of time-discipline strategies. This language is not only embedded in their daily work practices, it is even performed on conference stages (Fig. 2). Fig. 2Natalie Sissons, Entrepreneur sharing productivity strategies and time planning at the DNX conference, Bangkok, 2016. Photo: Dave CookFull size imageSmartphones and calendars have briefly been mentioned above as digital technologies that have built-in affordances.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Every textile product can be made zero-waste without any design changes. [SEP] Text: However, to test more rigorously the hypothesis, to test the upscaling of the already functionning experiments and to push the experimentations further, professional scientific tools are required (CO2 incubator, laminar flow hood with UV sterilization, autoclave), hence the location of a ready-equipped biology lab in a startup incubator. Since this project is combining biology and textile research and developpement, a part of the budget will also be allocated to the purchasing of tools for pre-treatment of the textile waste (purchase a textile shredder) and for the post processing of the final product (heat press). Shape of the glassware was proven to play an important role in constraining the growth of mycelium and thus in the quality of the final product, hence its cusom production by a glass blower. Endorsed byWhilst we continue to search for more sustainable textile solutions that are less harmful to our ecosystems, is it critical that we address the problem with existing textile waste. Using fungi to not only help break down textile waste but to also help fabricate a new material is an excellent idea and one definitely worth exploring further. I have had the privilege of working with Annah as she began this research and I am certain her hard work and drive will help produce great results! Jessica DiasBiodesigner & biomaterial researcherS-& am really confidente in this project. It will answer to the critical question of recycling material in the fashion industry and will create new biodegradabel materials. reseach ingener =rcelonaProject TimelineThe length of the project greatly depends on how long it take the mycelium to biodegrade the textile and of the contamination that could interfere with the experiment. I am considering each experiment to be done growing for periods between 30 and 40 days considering I want to use good quality scientific tools. Experiments by the end of the project are also expected to take longer as reports will have to be written, and winter religious festivities are expected to happen. Aug 06, 2022Project LaunchedJan 16, 2023Starting of the project. Preparation of growth mediums and waking-up of the mycelium strains to be grown on agar. Jun 30, 2023Results: what strain was the best for biodegrading each textiles and for making mycelium leather.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Если Пользователь недоволен каким-либо элементом Сайта или Услуг или какими-либо из изложенных условий, единственное и эксклюзивное средство защиты прав Пользователя заключается в том, чтобы прекратить использование Сайта и Услуг.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: If one follows the logic that could be framed as a form of institutional power, these calendars, smartphones and their affordances might be seen as values seeping ‘into the very grain of individuals’ (Foucault 1979, p. 28). Some scholars go further and argue that it is not only digital devices and apps that are involved in the process of transferring values from institutions to individuals, but that this is happening with entire technology and knowledge ecosystems. Jarrahi et al. (2019, 3. 1 Mobility is both solution and problemMobility itself sets the context and need for different types of disciplining practices. The very act of being a nomadic worker, specifically the necessity that an individual must frequently change work location, routines and spaces and then set this all up again in a new location, requires labour and effort. The entire process requires individuals to develop highly disciplined practices over time, although at first a need for discipline may be obscured by feelings of excitement and novelty. Indeed, every time a person moves location, routines are disrupted and uprooted, and strategies are needed to re-establish smooth-running routines. Informant 10 explained: Every time I arrive in a new place, it takes me a few days to settle. I sometimes stay in a hostel so I can meet new people, then I’ll find a place that's more settled and private, so I can choose to work from my room if I want to. If I’m returning to a place like Chiang Mai, I already know where to eat, get groceries, where the best cafes and coworking spaces are, and which Facebook groups are the most responsive. So, I can get into some kind of routine in a few days. need a week, sometimes more, if I land somewhere completely new. (Informant 10, 2017) All informants reported that a change of location was disruptive to their routines. This disruption—caused by moving from one place and attempting to settle in another place—has been noted in other studies on digital nomads (Sutherland and Jarrahi 2017, p. 97:6; Nash et al. 2018, p. 211). Some informants could kick-start a routine in a new location after a day or two but for most this took at least three days and involved finding satisfactory places to sleep, eat and buy food and evaluating cafes and coworking spaces.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Every textile product can be made zero-waste without any design changes. [SEP] Text: Aug 26, 2023Researching on pre-processing of the textile waste: how to shred it more efficiently and felting the waste fibers with the nearest textile research center ()Sep 08, 2023Launching of the "growth on felted textile" experiments using the results of the previous experiments. Incubation for ~30 daysShow more eventsOct 04, 2023Launching of the growth of the bigger scale samples using the results of the previous experiments. Incubation for ~30 daysOct 18, 2023Designing of the bag with the upscaled samples. Oct 30, 2023Bag is done and photoshoot complete. Presentation of the final bag in mycelium leather composite. Meet the TeamAnnah-Ololade SangosanyaPhD student in microbiologyAnnah-Ololade SangosanyaAnnah-Ololade is a Bioengineer and a Textile designer by training (M. Eng in biology, INSA Toulouse and Fabricademy textile and technology academy postgraduate, IAAC Barcelona). Her fields of expertise are microbiology, fermentation processes, genetic engineering but also digital fabrication, 3D design and rapid prototyping. She is a curious mind always willing to explore how science and design can be used in synergy to develop sustainable solutions to our current problems. Her current focus is on microbiology, biomaterials and biodesign as she recently onboarded two ambitious projects: a PhD on textile waste biodegradation using mycelium at the Brussels while simultaneously working on the EU funded WORTH partnership project, in which she is developing fashion accessories grown from flexible mycelium materials. Lab Notes4 PostedBiodegradation tests and other experiments: a wrap upNovember 29, 20232385Hello everyone! January 26, 2023310620Project is fully funded! September 16, 20222010768Additional InformationThe strong points of this project is that it offers an alternative to the linear fashion model by creating a textile grown from textile waste, closing the loop and entering the field of bioremediative design. The post processing used only uses natural materials and no plastic coating, unlike most cruelty-free leathers. For more information on the project, here is a link to my postgraduate thesis and its supplementary data. Information can also be found on my webpage. Composite mycelium leather made of P. ostreatus mycelium, denim textile waste and coffee grounds.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Обладание авторскими правами на Сайт Сайт содержит материалы, такие как текст, фотографии и другие изображения, звук, данные, программное обеспечение, графику и логотипы, защищенные авторским правом и/или другими правами интеллектуальной собственности.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: These practices are evidence of Sutherland and Jarrahi’s theory of ‘making place’, which proposes: ‘Digital nomads find or make spaces which support their essential work practices and also leverage local resources and infrastructures for work’ (Sutherland and Jarrahi 2017, p. 97:13). Analogous place-making practices have been noted in remote workers at home, who often work through a set of rituals in order to shift from an at-home persona into a work persona (Nippert-Eng 1996). These place-making rituals demonstrate that mobile workers must organise themselves to ameliorate and manage disruption. These rituals also reveal why digital nomads must be more disciplined than other location-dependent workers and—crucially—more disciplined than their former location-dependent selves. In addition, they must hybridise internally generated self-disciplining practices with forms of externally generated discipline produced by workspaces, infrastructures, devices, time rules, apps and processes. Further examples are explored in the following sections. 3. 2 Device choice and disciplineDisciplining practices were evident in every aspect of daily life, including the choice of device for work tasks. All informants owned and used a laptop computer and smartphone, but the main device used for work in the coworking space was the laptop computer. Hinting at the simplest of self-discipline practices, Informant 8 explained: There are too many social media apps on my phone. I have access to the same social media on my laptop, but they are easier to control and silence there. My phone is my window on to what friends and family are doing back home. get my phone out, I can easily get distracted for an hour, or it can kill my productivity for a whole day. (Informant 8, 2016) The choice of laptop for work tasks is unsurprising; it has a larger screen and is designed for work tasks. More intriguing is that choice of device is framed in a way that delineates between work and nonwork. This is particularly the case in the context of coworking spaces. The phone is often associated with sociality, leisure, family, friends and distraction. The last four years of research conducted in coworking spaces have consistently shown mobile phone usage for voice calls to be infrequent and taboo.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Every textile product can be made zero-waste without any design changes. [SEP] Text: IntroductionWaste is the symbol of inefficiency in modern society and a representation of misallocated resources (Zaman & Lehmann, 2013). The presence of waste often creates problems in geographic attractiveness and the health of people living in an environment. Based on Bank, the cities around the world generate about 1. 3 billion tonnes of solid waste per year. And this continues to increase to 2. 2 billion tonnes by 2025 (Hoornweg & Bhada-Tata, 2012). It is approximately 84% of waste is collected in around the world, and only 15% is recycled, with most global waste still managed by landfills (Zaman, 2016). Increased population, urbanization, and economic development raised people's concerns about waste management (Levis et al. , 2013). (ZW) has become the alternative solution in waste management system for handling waste problems in recent decades. Policymakers have embraced the ZW concept because it encourages sustainable production and consumption, optimum recycling and resource recovery, and bans mass incineration and landfilling (Zaman, 2015). Zero-waste is the conservation of all resources through responsible production, consumption, reuse, and recovery of all products, packaging, and materials without burning and discharging them to land, water, or air that threaten the environment or human health. Zero waste is different from the concept of waste as an 'end of life' product, yet, it conveys the comprehension of 'waste' as a 'resource' which produces during the intermediate phases of production and consumption activities, and thus, should be recirculated to production processes through reuse, recycle, reassemble, resell, redesign or reprocess (Zaman, 2016). Three countries that have implemented zero waste on their waste management which are Adelaide (Australia), (USA), and Stockholm (Swedia). Adelaide applied zero-waste by banning plastic bags and facilitating containers for recycling which have been implemented for three decades (Zaman & Lehmann, 2013). Francisco, the zero waste challenge that supports solid waste systems is implemented by minimizing consumption, maximizing diversion and encouraging reuse, repair, and eco-friendly purchases of products, banning troublesome items such as plastic bags and redundant packaging to achieve zero-waste goals. One of the most important waste management policies in Stockholm, Sweden, is the ban on disposing of combustible waste and organic waste to the landfill.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Услуги, Сайт и все размещенные на Сайте материалы, включая без ограничения текст, фотографии и другие изображения, звук, данные, программное обеспечение, графику и логотипы, принадлежат Обществу или его лицензиарам и защищены законами Российской Федерации и других стран об авторском праве (в том числе в виде компиляции или базы данных), товарных знаках, базах данных и другой интеллектуальной собственности, а также международными соглашениями и конвен

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: Digital nomads working in coworking spaces were expected to leave the main working space to make voice calls and all coworking spaces encountered in this research had private rooms or spaces for voice calls, or VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol). If someone took a call in the coworking space, they would quickly move to an outside space away from the main work area, where focused work was not conducted. In contrast, it is often acceptable to engage in a spoken phone conversation in offices in the Global North. This finding builds on previous research that shows synchronous voice calls require high levels of attention (Broadbent 2012, 3. 3 Coworking and coliving spaces as externally regulating disciplining spacesThe laptop does not act alone as a disciplining strategy and digital nomads often combine laptop usage with coworking spaces to create a sharp delineation between work and distracting non-work tasks. 9 explained: Sometimes it seems a little bit silly to commute from my Airbnb, pack up my laptop, keyboard, laptop stand, mouse, mouse mat, walk fifteen minutes to the coworking space and then set it all up again! But the days I work from the Airbnb all day feel horrible and locked in. I may lose time by going to the coworking space, but I get access to an ergonomic chair, a proper desk, I get out for the day and it’s nice to be around other people that are working. (Informant 9, 2019) This practice echoes the analysis made by some scholars that spaces and resources often need to be combined to provide productive environments. Nash et al. explain: Many participants from the forums feel that nomadicity allows them to have experiences outside of a regular routine and gain freedom from the corporate world, but it also requires them to find or assemble their workspace themselves rather than relying on the stable office environment provided by an organization. (Nash et al. 2018, p. 211) Informants frequently referred to problems encountered due to working in sites of tourism. Most explained that although the idea of living and working in these places was initially exciting, in practice it could be irritating and distracting. In this respect, the coworking space serves not only to replace the functions of a serviced office but also to create a protected work environment in locations primarily designed for leisure (Fig. 3). Fig. 3Just another office?

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Every textile product can be made zero-waste without any design changes. [SEP] Text: Index (ZWI) can also be a tool to evaluate the implementation of zero waste programs based on quantitative values developed. ZWI is a tool to measure the potential of virgin materials to be balanced by zero waste management system (Zaman & Lehmann, 2013). A high ZWI value indicates a high substitution of virgin materials, energy, and water-saving, that means higher achievement (Zaman, 2014). The previous study found that the ZWI of Adelaide, San Francisco, and Stockholm were 0. 23, 0. 51, and 0. 17, which means that the current waste management system in those cities potentially offset 23%, 51%, and 17%, respectively. Furthermore, the same research calculation found 0. 07 as the global ZWI, and in another study, the ZWI of the world is calculated to be 0. 12 (Zaman & Swapan, 2016), means that the current waste management system only compensates for 12% of the total potential for substituting virgin materials from waste (Zaman, 2016). However, conditions and activities relating to zero-waste will vary in several countries in the world. Developing countries are still conducting trial and error to find a suitable solution to solve this solid-waste management problem. As one of the developing countries, Indonesia is the second-highest country contributing to plastic disposal to the sea after China (Asfar & Asfar, 2020). Illegal waste disposal still occurs in Indonesia, both on vacant land and in waters, which will produce pollution and negative impacts on the environment. Waste disposal to waterways will eventually damage the sea and marine life. The waste management systems in Indonesia still apply "collect-transport-landfill disposal" methods. This method involves accumulating waste in the landfill and reducing its capacity every day (Prihatin, 2020). The landfill capacity is disproportionate to the generated waste, resulting in landfills becoming full quickly and shortening their useful life. To anticipate landfill problems, the passed Law No. 18/2008 concerning Management. This law explains that waste management is an activity that is systematic, comprehensive, and sustainable, including waste reduction and handling. Waste reduction is applied by reusing or recycling, and waste handling is carried out from sources to the final processing facilities until the waste can safely return to the environment.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: циями.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: This might look like a normal office but the combination of laptops, seating configurations, the absence of smartphones help create disciplined, protected spaces in sites of tourismFull size imageSome of these work/leisure culture clashes were visible and comedic. Informant 8 explained why she left a coworking space on one Thai island because it was situated too close to a naturist and ‘hippy’ beach. She said, ‘I could never be a hippy, I’m not a workaholic, but I could never hang around the beach all day doing nothing apart from getting stoned. ’ The hippies were equally bemused by the presence of this coworking space, the manager explained: ‘We’re slap bang in the middle of hippy central, and they hate us because of the high prices; one guy wandered in the other day and called us an overpriced cybercafé, but who the hell says cybercafé today? ’ This account adds colour to Müller’s analysis that ‘Although the dropout and the digital nomad share an interest in designing a self-determined life, the value of labour productivity is an important feature in the lifestyle of digital nomads’ (Müller 2016, p. 345). Most informants used coworking spaces to try and instil a working routine in sync with local daylight hours. ‘Try’ is the key word here; despite a desire to stay in sync with daylight and office hours in their current physical location, many failed in these synchronic endeavours. Sometimes this was due to a high workload forcing informants to work long unsociable hours but it was also because most informants needed to work across times zones. Coworking spaces had both practical and metaphorical disciplining functions for digital nomads. They combine interior layouts with technologies that enable focused work. They also serve as a reminder that structured work routines can be helpful. Some informants reported that they would go to the coworking space even when they were not busy; one aspiring digital nomad commented that he used coworking spaces when he felt ‘a little lost and needed the familiarity of a daily routine’ (Informant 4, 2016).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Every textile product can be made zero-waste without any design changes. [SEP] Text: Based on Governor of No. 95 of 2014 concerning Policies and Strategies for Management of and Household-like Waste in Bali Province, local governments must convert open dumping landfills within a maximum of 5 (five) years into a sanitary landfill system. Almost all provinces in Indonesia use landfills as the final location for dumping their waste, including Bali province. As one of Indonesia's most desirable tourist destinations, is surrounded by the sea and has a big impact on the sea and the aquatic environment. Increasing local and foreign tourists will also affect the amount of waste generated. Most of Bali’s waste management activity still uses the old-paradigm: waste collection–transporting–disposing. Waste management in still relies on landfills, leading to the shorter lifespan of the landfill. Most landfills are operated by an open dumping method, which results in high polluting potential towards the environment. Nowadays, the landfill only serves the operational areas of and in poor condition as it still implies the open-dumping method. Based on the Integrated Risk-(IRBA), landfill has the highest risk index (664. 8), which implies it has the highest risk of environmental pollution, hence needing further action, either by closing or rehabilitating the landfill. Therefore, Bali needs to implement the ZW concept to tackle those waste management problems, especially in the Sarbagita region. Currently, has started to apply zero waste to improve its waste management. Some examples of zero waste activities are establishing a waste bank, 3R (Reuse, Reduce, Recycle) Site, and socializing the 3R program supported by the informal sector. uses landfills as a waste final processing technology for residual waste or those not handled by zero waste activities. There are ten landfills in Bali Province, with Sarbagita as the regional landfill. This study aims to evaluate the performance of zero waste activities in the integrated waste management system in Bali Province, starting from the generation of waste at sources to landfills by calculating the zero-waste index under two possible schemes; the scheme without any improvement in waste management and the scheme following the and Strategies on (from this point forward will be mention as Jakstrada).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Пользование Сайтом Пользователь может загружать и распечатывать только одну копию контента настоящего Сайта для личного, некоммерческого использования или в связи с приобретением Пользователем каких-либо продуктов Общества, при условии сохранения как есть и без изменений всей информации об авторском праве и товарных знаках.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: How digital nomads in this study used coworking spaces produced interesting disciplining topographies which suggest an additional paradoxical tension between privacy and community. Although the experience of being in a space with other workers was described as familiar and reassuring, direct interaction was often avoided. Despite all coworking spaces on this study being open plan, an analysis of seating choice showed that coworking space members nearly always avoided a desk which directly faced other members (see Fig. 4). Fig. 4Four coworking space layouts. Red boxes show the most frequently used desks. Seats directly facing other desk spaces were avoidedFull size imageOver time it was possible to see invisible virtual cubicle walls being erected. This is why walking up to someone and asking if they were ready for a meeting without an asynchronous digital announcement (e. g. via Slack) was off-limits, or in the words of one informant, like ‘barging into someone’s office and pulling them through a time-zone’ (Informant 12, 2017). This last example shows how laptops and coworking spaces were strategically combined to create forcefields that protected highly disciplined spaces. These strategies suggest that it might also be helpful to externalise the disciplining burden from the self and on to external objects (laptops) and infrastructures (coworking spaces). Given this analysis the distinction between external-discipline and self-discipline is not always so clear. 3. 4 Discipline, time zones and the battle to create daily rhythmsDigital nomads often fail to implement regular work patterns because of a requirement to work across time zones. Informant 11, who ran an app business, explained how he needed to communicate with coworkers in Australia: I often Skype at 4 am to talk to my developers in Sydney and when the shit hits the fan, and I have to pull a two-hour Skype at the crack of dawn, and that puts my entire week out of whack—that's why I don't always make it into the coworking space. (Informant 11, 2016) Work outside the coworking space, although not initially visible to the researcher, provides additional evidence that a failure to manage work demands can quickly upset daily routines. More than half of the informants in this study were working and interacting with people in Europe, which, depending on the exact location and time of year, is between five and seven hours behind local Thai time.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Coworking spaces are popular among digital nomads for networking and work support. [SEP] Text: Digital nomads are users of CWSs, but probably represent a rather small group of users. 20. Merkel (2018a, p. 42) cites as examples of such interrelations coworking with childcare, new solidary work structures or political interest representation, further education or the desire for a meaningful and self-determined activity associated with the normative subjectification. 21. The size of CWSs varies greatly. For example, in the Survey by the industry magazine Deskmag for the year 2018, more than a quarter of the surveyed CWS operators indicate that they have a CWS with less than 25 work desks (26%) or smaller than 250 square meters (28%) (Deskmag 2018). In contrast, there are 24% with 100 or more work desks or 29% with a size of 2000 square meters or more (ibid. ). The results also show that on average only 40% of the CWS area is allocated to open spaces, 25% to private offices, 12% to meeting rooms and 11% to lounge or coffee space (ibid. ). 22. Cf. also Spinuzzi (2012), who conducted one of the first scientific studies on coworking qualitatively examining nine CWSs in Austin, Texas. The central result is the elaboration of two different ideal-typical coworking structures: the Good-Neighbours-Configuration, in which the coworkers work parallel to each other and maintain neighborly relationships with the other coworkers, and the Good-Partners-Configuration, in which the coworkers work as specialists in a certain area as work teams in the context of projects for phases. 23. The formal membership usually includes access to a CWS workspace, the shared infrastructure and the member network of the CWS and events. However, there are also memberships that only allow access to the member network of the CWS and events, without renting a CWS workspace. 24. is the umbrella term for community-oriented spaces, which include CWSs as well as Maker Spaces, (cf. Sect. 2. 2. 4). 25. Where innovation and creativity are positively connoted terms that also refer to the aestheticized workspaces as a desired state: “To be creative, to be able to unfold creatively in one’s work, is an ideal of the post-industrial work culture, which is influenced by the post-materialist value change.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Пользователь дает согласие на соблюдение всех применимых законов об авторском праве, товарных знаках и других законов об интеллектуальной собственности, а также всех дополнительных уведомлений, указаний и ограничений в отношении авторского права и товарных знаков, приведенных в любом разделе Сайта.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: Skype calls with Europe often needed to happen between 8 and 10 pm Thai time. One graphic designer often had to speak to clients in at 10 pm and explained, ‘it interrupts my evening and wrecks my social life’ (Informant 6). Likewise, Informant 9 needed to email, Skype and occasionally make voice calls throughout the night because his warehouse was in California and he often needed to deal with complaints about missed orders. Informant 8 explained how time zones influenced her choice of workspace: ‘feel that my apartment is more of an office than the coworking space. It’s nice to be able to go to the beach, but sometimes it’s hard to feel like you are completely off duty. ’ These time zone anxieties have been mentioned in other digital nomad studies (Nash et al. 2018, p. 214). Some research informants stayed in the coworking space to conduct out-of-hours work and—as we have seen—others would sometimes work from their sleeping accommodation. As a result, the choice of sleeping accommodation needed to be conducive to out-of-hours work tasks, to provide privacy and silence, engender a sense of digital nomad community and filter out types of people who might be distracting (Nash et al. 2018. 2016. The coliving concept was still novel at that time and was fast becoming adopted by digital nomads, and coworking spaces were beginning to offer the option. By 2017 six out of the sixteen informants had tried out a coliving service and described the main benefits as being ‘community oriented’, ‘being around other digital nomads’ or being able to filter out the wrong types of people and ‘to block out all that touristy stuff’ (Informant 2, 2018). Whether digital nomads use coliving spaces or not, the need to work across time zones requires that living accommodation must function as a space for sleeping, bodily care, leisure and work. The examples shown above show that digital nomads are adaptive and are able to alter their mobilities and spatial uses over time, thereby ensuring that structured, manageable routines are maintained. 3. 5 Discipline and leisure time: the leisure paradoxIf coworking and coliving spaces function to filter out tourism-related distractions, digital nomads also make strongly expressed identity-based objections to leisure-oriented terms such as tourist or backpacker.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All digital nomads live luxuriously while traveling abroad. [SEP] Text: 8% were traveling to a developing country. Although these subjects were highly educated, with 93. 2% having an education level equal to or higher than university or college, 19. 8 to 29. 3% of these respondents were not aware of the services provided by EMAS, which gives them an increased risk of inadequate medical care while traveling abroad. Our results showed that many travelers were not aware of the service that provides medical consultation through instant messaging because this service is not routinely offered by insurance companies in Taiwan. The pre-travel consultation rate is relatively low in Taiwan at 0. 1% compared to the 40. 5% rate for all ill GeoSentinel travelers [7]. Another survey showed that 52. 1% of European travelers who were going to visit a developing country sought pre-travel consultations [18]. Travelers who did not visit a travel clinic may have a higher need of EMAS and less awareness of these services due to their lower education level. Prior travel experience was an inclusion criterion in this study. Regarding the perceived importance and awareness of EMAS, we believe that compared to first-time travelers, more experienced travelers would be more aware of EMAS and would consider EMAS to be more important because of possible previous travel-associated illness experiences. However, our results demonstrated that even experienced travelers may lack an awareness of EMAS during travel. Therefore, there is a need for primary care providers and public health officials to incorporate travel medical assistance materials in pre-travel consultation and refine travel clinic practices and health policies. LimitationsThere are several limitations in this study. First, 81. 3% of the surveyed patients returned a completed questionnaire. A crowded clinic setting might have influenced the effective response rate and might have resulted in selection bias. Second, due to a lack of collected data regarding the previous travel experience of the respondents, we did not adjust the outcomes in this study. This work was a pilot study on EMAS, and we would like to further clarify the risk level of the travelers’ previous trips in a subsequent study. Third, since most of the respondents at the travel clinic were young, had high education levels, and had fewer pre-existing diseases and travel-associated illness experiences, some of the results of this study might not apply to all travelers. Lastly, because most of the travelers at the travel clinic in NTUH came from northern Taiwan, the respondents in this study may not be representative of travelers from all areas of Taiwan.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Если в настоящем параграфе не оговорено иное, Пользователь не вправе: (i) копировать, воспроизводить, каким-либо образом изменять, исправлять или искажать Сайт, Услуги или какую-либо их часть; (ii) продавать, демонстрировать, распространять, публиковать, транслировать, передавать или каким-либо иным образом распространять или передавать Сайт, Услуги или какую-либо их часть каким-либо физическим или юридическим лицам; (iii) создавать производные произведения на

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: Given this strong association of digital nomad identity with work, and the need to create workspaces amidst tourism-related spaces and infrastructures, three questions emerge. First, why attempt to work in sites of tourism at all? Second, what do digital nomads do for leisure? Third, how do they find time and space for leisure? A short answer to the first question is that there is a clear gap between the utopian ideal of working in paradise and the daily realities of getting stuff done, and that this gap is overlooked when digital nomads start out. Second, once the novelty of working in a tropical tourist location is quickly normalised, digital nomads simply want to hang out with friends, watch Netflix or go to the cinema. Yet it is the following response to the third question that highlighted how anxieties often increased over time. 8, a language translator, explained, ‘Sometimes it’s hard to stop work bleeding into every aspect of daily life. travelled, I always needed to work hard to make sure I didn’t spend every evening answering work emails, and now as a digital nomad, I have to work even harder to stop this happening’ (Informant 8, 2019). The need to manage a highly disciplined distinction between work and leisure time (and space) is also essential when it comes to finding time for leisure. Once again, working across time zones erodes the delineation between work and leisure, and digital nomads must be disciplined in maintaining space for downtime in which they can watch TV shows, maintain regular evening mealtimes or socialise. Several single nomads explained that it was especially hard to enforce these routines when they were spending their evenings alone and their sleeping space was also used for work. Facebook posts and messages in coworking space Slack channels often asked if other nomads wanted to hang out and watch TV or movies. 8 explained, ‘I often spend evenings on my own, so I often end up attending to work emails. like the social aspect of watching a movie or box set, and I’m less likely to be on my phone if I’m watching with someone else. It must be so much nicer travelling as a couple. ’ Digital nomads are therefore not only becoming hybridised with their smartphones (Mazmanian 2018), their entire work/nonwork spaces are becoming hybridised, and so the battle to separate and manage them intensifies.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Being a digital nomad provides higher job security than traditional employment. [SEP] Text: Furthermore, most studies use a relatively narrow and somewhat arbitrary concept of job quality. We try to contribute to this debate by utilizing a large representative panel survey for Germany. Since 1984, the German Socio-(GSOEP) has continuously collected self-reported life satisfaction scores of participants and contains information on various job and worker characteristics, allowing to define job quality in alternative ways. We make use of the panel structure of the data and follow individuals over time, which allows us to control for unobserved, time-invariant individual effects. From the GSOEP we select persons observed as unemployed in a given year t 0 between 1990 and 2006 in West Germany. For this group, we analyze life satisfaction scores the following year t 1 depending on whether people are still unemployed or have found a (full-time) job. In the latter case, the role of job quality is investigated. We only consider transitions to full-time jobs, since in this case the impact on life satisfaction is expected to be more clear-cut than in the case of commencing part-time employment. We also expect gender differences to be less important when focusing on full-time jobs, which allows us two analyze both sexes jointly in a multivariate setting. Our main result is that we cannot identify a single job feature, nor a combination of such features that constitute such low quality jobs that remaining unemployed would be the better choice for the individual. On the contrary, the bulk of our evidence shows that even low quality jobs are associated with higher life satisfaction, and this effect is statistically significant for most specifications of ‘bad’ jobs. The observed increase in life satisfaction could also partly be the result of self-selection, as some unemployed may have a stronger preference for work than others and consequently gain more from starting a job. We cannot fully exclude this possibility, but will present evidence that self-selection seems to play only a minor role for the results and that the observed rise in life satisfaction is by and large a causal effect of re-employment. Moreover, we follow people over 2 years to see whether there is adaptation or habituation to employment. Adaptation, defined as “reduction in the affective intensity of favorable or unfavorable circumstances” (Frederick and Loewenstein 1999), has already been investigated in some studies with regard to unemployment (for a recent survey, see Clark 2006).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text:  базе Сайта или Услуг; или (iv) проводить инженерный анализ, декомпилировать или дезассемблировать (кроме случаев, в явной форме разрешенных применимым законодательством) какое-либо программное обеспечение, используемое в рамках Сайта или Услуг.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: Scholars are increasingly noticing that location-dependent remote workers and office-based workers are finding it hard to keep work at bay (Mazmanian et al. 2013; Mazmanian 2018; Wajcman 2018a). So, if office workers, who are also regulated by the presence (and needs) of friends and family, struggle to create downtime it is unsurprising this separating task is even more intense for digital nomads. Indeed, this paradoxical relationship between work and leisure shows digital nomads are spending an increasing amount of time and labour separating work and leisure, and that external help and assistance is often required to help them manage this separation. 3. 6 The external regulating discipline of social interaction and communitySome coworking spaces were aware of this sense of isolation and would offer communal movie or video gaming evenings. As one coworking space owner explained, ‘We’re not just an office, we provide a community, and have a community manager’ (Interview with coworking space manager 2018). Another commonplace event that frequently occurred during the research was the communal lunch, which was implemented to ‘encourage members to move away from the screens and interact with each other’ (Interview with community manager 2016). These type of community lunches were met with varying degrees of success, as one community manager told me: ‘People are here to work. We try to get them to create a work/life balance, but when people work on their own, they forget to stop working’ (2016). Some coworking spaces actively encouraged these types of community lunches whereas others let them lapse. It was generally agreed that delineating between work and leisure is much harder when travelling alone and more manageable when travelling as a couple. Social interaction, even within a couple, can produce regulating and disciplining effects for digital nomads which confirms the analysis that the workplace can play an important social function (Rosen 1988, 2000). There were two married couples in the study and both successfully managed a clear delineation between work and leisure time. Interestingly, both couples used coworking spaces less frequently than the majority of single nomads in the study. However, due to mainly working from their rented apartment or Airbnb, they needed to be disciplined about leaving the home, ensuring they went out for meals, walks and exercise. Both couples explained that they mainly used coworking spaces as a way of breaking up the working week and to avoid becoming too isolated.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Being a digital nomad provides higher job security than traditional employment. [SEP] Text: Since the provision of a secure income is considered as the main “manifest” function of work (Jahoda 1982), we put particular emphasis on wages and job security, and classify jobs with respect to the type of employment contract (permanent or fixed term contract) and whether or not jobs are low paid. According to the theory of compensating wage differentials, high-wage jobs are not necessarily better in terms of job quality and resulting welfare levels, since higher wages are paid to compensate for any unpleasant or hazardous working conditions. Footnote 3 In line with traditional labor economics, low-wage jobs should be no worse than better-paid jobs in terms of resulting welfare levels. However, the theory of labor market segmentation, introduced by Doeringer and Piore (1971), challenges the neo-classical labor market model and assumes the existence of at least two distinct labor market segments with rather different employment characteristics and allocation mechanisms: A primary (or core) segment of ‘good jobs’ with relatively high wages and employment security, and a secondary segment of ‘bad jobs’, mostly insecure and low-paid. Footnote 4 According to this approach, wages and job quality are expected to be positively correlated, and this view also prevails in recent studies on job quality (et al. 2005; Diaz-Serrano and 2005; Howell and Okatenko 2008). Regarding the subjective perception of job quality, we follow the approach by Leontaridi and Sloane (2001), Clark (2005) and a number of case studies carried out by psychologists (see review in McKee-Ryan et al. 2005) where job satisfaction scores are used as a proxy for job quality. Objective (observable) features of the current job and job satisfaction can be expected to be strongly correlated. Therefore, we do not estimate the effects of wages and employment security jointly with job satisfaction, but separately. Moreover, job quality as a ‘relative concept’ (2001) is also influenced by the match between the worker characteristics and job requirements. Closely related to the job match is the influence of the employment history of an individual before she became unemployed. More specifically, we expect that the characteristics of the pre-unemployment job, provided there was such a job, will influence the perception of the current job—a comparison effect.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Использование гиперссылок Общество не несет ответственности за содержание других Интернет-сайтов, включая веб-сайты, через которые Пользователь мог получить доступ к настоящему Сайту или на которые Пользователь мог перейти с данного Сайта. Компания не несет никакой ответственности в связи с такими сайтами или ссылками.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: On the flipside, one couple also described such spaces as too silent and restrictive. They explained: We work together, so we have constant spontaneous chats about work tasks. We know each other well, so we know when the other needs to focus. But it's hard to talk aloud in a coworking space. (Informants 15 and 16, 2018) Both couples explained that they used knowledge of each other to regulate the day, ensure time for breaks and mealtimes, and for mutual motivation and discipline. They also intuitively intervened if they thought the other had been sitting or working for too long without a break, or to end the working day. This example evokes Mary Douglas’s analysis that the home is a self-regulating community in which strict and predictable routines occur over time. She argues that the ‘order of the day’ is the ‘temporal infrastructure’ regulating the social rhythms of homes. She specifies the scheduling of mealtimes as an example of this (Douglas 1991, 3. 7 Externally imposed discipline: an increasing love of deadlinesReichenberger argues that professional freedom is ‘often driven by the desire to create a more flexible and tailored life outside of externally imposed structures’ (Reichenberger 2017, p. 9). Indeed, one primary motivation for becoming a digital nomad is often framed as an escape from pointless bureaucracies, and argues that it is this rejection of meaningless rules that forces workers to think of their jobs as ‘Bullshit Jobs’ (Graeber 2018). Yet this rejection of externally imposed structures is not evenly upheld and often disappears over time. Indeed, as Graeber also argues, ‘rules and regulations… hold—for many of us—a kind of covert appeal’ (Graeber 2016, p. 149). As we have seen in previous examples, mutually agreed deadlines are often mentioned as helpful and motivating disciplining factors. Although most informants initially rejected bureaucracies, deadlines, micromanagement, surveillance, fixed work hours and other forms of outwardly imposed time-based restrictions (Nash et al. 2018, p. 207), deadlines were often reframed as positive, organising and motivating forces. This softening of attitude towards deadlines often emerged after months on the road. Several informants were working as freelancers with specific, highly developed skills. Two were translators, one was a graphic designer and three were software developers.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Being a digital nomad provides higher job security than traditional employment. [SEP] Text: In contrast, a study based on the first wave on the Australian household panel HILDA focused on reported job satisfaction as indicator for employment quality and found “that being in employment but in a job in which one has low job satisfaction has an even greater detrimental effect on reported life satisfaction than unemployment” (Dockery 2003). However, in cross-sectional comparisons it cannot be excluded that the jobless differ systematically from the employed in unobserved characteristics that may in turn influence life satisfaction. Hence, longitudinal studies which follow the same individuals over time may be more revealing. Such studies have been carried out by psychologists and sociologists. Leana and Feldmann (1995) surveyed 59 male laid-off workers in the US immediately after job loss and one year later. They show that, on average, the still unemployed showed greater psychological distress than the re-employed, but also find great differences in life satisfaction between satisfactorily and unsatisfactorily re-employed workers. Wanberg (1995) carried out a longitudinal study on 129 unemployed people and finds that both persons who remained unemployed and those who found a dissatisfying job reported no changes in mental health. In larger case studies, O’Brien and Feather (1990) and Winefield et al. (1993) surveyed two panels of Australian school-leavers in the 1980’s; both studies found that those who had found ‘good’ jobs were clearly more satisfied than those who were unsatisfactorily employed, whereas the latter were not better off than those who were unemployed, in terms of life satisfaction and other indicators of psychological well-being. In any case, the focus of these two studies is on transitions between school and working life, and not between unemployment and ‘good’ respectively ‘bad’ jobs, which is the focus of this paper. Data and MethodologyThe empirical analysis is based upon the German Socio-(GSOEP) which is a representative longitudinal survey of private households since 1984. All household members aged 16 and above are interviewed on an annual basis. A multitude of topics are covered, among them individual employment histories, earnings and various satisfaction dimensions, e. g. life, job and health status.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Если предоставляются гиперссылки на Интернет-сайт третьей стороны, это делается с наилучшими намерениями и с тем убеждением, что такой веб-сайт содержит или может содержать материал, имеющий отношение к содержанию настоящего Сайта.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: These informants all worked to outwardly imposed deadlines. Despite reporting feeling anxious when a deadline approached, these informants also explained that they appreciated the structure and clarity deadlines could provide. As one informant explained, ‘I’d feel lost without deadlines, they’re my crumb trail’ (Informant 8, 2016). In contrast, entrepreneurs and people setting up businesses were more responsible for disciplining themselves. Of the sixteen informants, just under half worked to client—or externally imposed deadlines—and slightly more than half were responsible for setting their own deadlines and putting elaborate self-imposed project management techniques in place. As one informant pointed out: Not all deadlines are created equal, there are deadlines and dreadlines. Deadlines can be flexible, dreadlines are fixed and they make sure you ship. (Informant 9, 2016) Overall, this second group engaged in more elaborate time-management practices, and examples of these are described in the next section. As explored in earlier discussions about an increasingly dominant culture of autonomy and neoliberalism, attempts to become self-directed and to gain freedom often entail a shift of responsibility from outside institutions (in this case employers) to the individual, and by so doing create an additional layer of responsibility and labour (Gershon 2014, p. 288; Sutherland and Jarrahi 2017, p. 97:10). It is premature to conclude from these small numbers how this cultural context impacts the ability to sustain a digital nomad lifestyle. However, it does seem that most informants accept that the responsibility, for most aspects of life, resides with themselves (Cook 2018). This ‘personal responsibility system’ (Harvey 2007, p. 168) is rarely discussed explicitly, but simply accepted as ‘the common-sense way many of us interpret, live in, and understand the world’ (p. 3). Given this theoretical connection, it is little wonder that self-discipline has become a foundation of digital nomad culture. It seems that even a glimpse of freedom is only gained after digital nomads engage with a combination of externally produced discipline and internally produced self-discipline practices. In the next section, the attention, time, labour and effort involved in managing digitally mediated forms of discipline are examined. 3.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Solar-powered desalination uses sunlight to remove salt from seawater. [SEP] Text: This is accomplished by gravitational force that traps the water which takes the heat from the solar radiation and from the bottom of the pond, which absorbs the insolation passing through the transparent all and LCZ layers, and tries to go upwards into the NCZ following normal convection process. Since NCZ layer has a relatively light water, convection process is suppressed and inhibited by the gravity of the LCZ water. Thus a transparent convective insulation is formed by the NCZ layer. NCZ layer is structured as multilayer with a salinity gradient from bottom to top in order to slow down convective heat transfer to the upward direction. Slices of water layers with decreasing salinity provide insulation for the heat trapped in LCZ by eliminating convection between the NCZ layers. UCZ is the top water layer of the pond with lowest salinity. UCZ layer is at near ambient temperature. It should be kept thin (about 30 cm) and should be protected from fluctuations caused by wind and wave which leads to mixing of NCZ and UCZ. Wind barriers or mash type covers can be used for big applications. Solar ponds can provide thermal energy for domestic heating for space and water or power generation and desalination processes. The heat from a solar pond can be used in a Rankine cycle to produce mechanical energy and electricity. Figure 3 illustrates the structure and average heat losses to the ground and atmosphere. Figure 3. Cross section of the salt gradient solar pond [17]4. 2. Heat pipe systemsA heat pipe is essentially a passive heat transfer device with an extremely high effective thermal conductivity which allows a two-phase heat transfer mechanism resulting in enormous heat transfer capabilities nearly one thousand times that of an equivalent copper piece. The heat pipe in its simplest configuration is a closed, evacuated cylindrical vessel with the internal walls lined with a capillary structure called wick that is saturated with a working fluid. A heat pipe has three regions namely; evaporator, condenser and adiabatic region. Heat is absorbed through the evaporator part of the heat pipe and transferred into the working fluid to vaporize some fluid. Vaporizing fluid pushes the vapour above towards the condenser part which is always above the evaporator region.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Такая гиперссылка не означает, что Общество проверило или одобрило соответствующий сайт третьей стороны или его контент или что оно выражает одобрение, спонсирует или поддерживает аффилированные отношения с таким Интернет-сайтом, его владельцами или провайдерами. Юрисдикция Использование Пользователем настоящего Сайта и действие настоящих условий и положений регламентируются законодательством Российской Федерации.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: 8 Disciplining processes and time-management strategiesIn this context of a personal responsibility system, disciplining practices were varied and included a wide variety of project management techniques, including Agile,Footnote 3 SprintsFootnote 4 and timeboxing. Footnote 5 All these techniques blended goal setting and time-management activities. et al. have observed, ‘enforcing the boundary between personal and professional life involved digital nomads setting aside time to be available to their team members on chat programs, and using productivity applications to keep track of work schedules’ (Nash et al. 2018, 3. 9 Digitally mediated discipline: task prioritization, time management, scheduling and focusDigitally mediated tools and practices were often centred around task prioritisation and time management. The most commonly used strategy was to email oneself a daily to-do list, even though this was also critiqued as an inefficient way to deal with daily tasks because it brought digital nomads into contact with distracting emails. Most informants put tasks (as well as meetings) into calendars to compile prioritised task lists. Other general-purpose tools were used for to-do lists, prioritising tasks and time management. These included creating task and to-do lists in email applications, OS level notetaking widgets (e. g. Stickies or TextEdit), word processors, or in note-taking applications such as Evernote. Footnote 6Business owners and those working with remote teams used more sophisticated tools such as TrelloFootnote 7 and Asana,Footnote 8 and Nash et al. have recorded usage of these and similar tools (Nash et al. 2018, p. 314). CalendlyFootnote 9 was, and remains, particularly popular as it was able to handle meetings across time zones and allows digital nomads to schedule time for synchronous meetings which require full attention (Broadbent 2012, 4. 5 hours of focused work. It’s batshit crazy I know. (Informant 1, 2019) This account provides another instance of an increasing tension between work and leisure and also hints at a circular and reflexive tension between discipline and freedom. 3. 10 Digitally mediated discipline: disruption, distraction and nonworkTechnology was also used to delineate between work and leisure time and manage distractions. The business-oriented messaging app Slack was sometimes used as a replacement for distracting social media messaging apps such as Facebook Messenger.

Output: corroborate