Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: (2012) QDM complex reduces obesity-induced insulin resistance and adipogenesis in obese mice fed a high-fat diet. 12: 96-103. Agarwal OP (1985) Prevention of atheromatous heart disease. Angiology 36: 485-492. Ghannam N, Kingston M, Al- (1986) The antidiabetic activity of aloes: preliminary clinical and experimental observations. 24: 288-294. (1996) Antidiabetic activity of Aloe vera L. juice. II. Clinical trial in diabetes mellitus patients in combination with glibenclamide. Phytomedicine 3: 245-248. (1997) The hypoglycemic effects of aloe vera in Thai diabetic patients. J 50: S3. (2009) Effect of Aloe vera supplements in patients with Pre-Diabetes. 23. (2009) Possible hypoglycemic effect of Aloe vera L. high molecular weight fractions on type 2 diabetic patients. J 16: 209-215. (2012) Aloe vera leaf gel in treatment of advanced type 2 diabetes mellitus needing insulin therapy: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. J 11: 19-27. (2012) Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hypercholesterolemic effects of Aloe vera leaf gel in hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. 78: 311-316. (2013) Effects of Aloe vera supplementation in subjects with prediabetes/metabolic syndrome. 11: 35-40. (2013) Metabolic effects of aloe vera gel complex in obese prediabetes and early non-treated diabetic patients: Randomized controlled trial. Nutrition 29: 1110-1114. (2014) Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect of Aloe vera L. in non-insulin dependent diabetics. J Technol 51: 90-96. (2016) Adjunctive local delivery of Aloe vera gel in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis: A randomized, controlled clinical trial. J Periodontol 87: 268-274. (2016) Reduction of Glucose and Hemoglobin A1c using oral Aloe vera: A meta-analysis. J Med 22: 450-457.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Ravikumar, A. Jalajakshi, Electrochemical capacitors: technical challenges and prognosis for future markets, Electrochim. Acta 84 (2012) 165-173. [17] E. Frackowiak, Carbon materials for supercapacitor application, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 9 (2007) 1774-1785. [18] S. Bose, T. Kuila, A. K. Mishra, R. -based nanostructured materials and their composites as supercapacitor electrodes, J. Mater. Chem. 22 (2012) 767-784. [19] G. Yu, X. Xie, L. Pan, Z. Bao, Y. Cui, Hybrid nanostructured materials for high-performance electrochemical capacitors, 2 (2013) 213-234. [20] B. E. Conway, V. Birss, J. Wojtowicz, The role and utilization of pseudocapacitance for energy storage by supercapacitors, J. 66 (1997) 1-14. [21] G. A. Snook, P. Kao, A. S. Best, Conducting-polymer-based supercapacitor devices and electrodes, J. 196 (2011) 1-12. DOI: 10. 1016/j. jpowsour. 2010. 06. 084 [22] J. Libich, J. Máca, J. Vondrák, O. Čech, M. Sedlaříková, Supercapacitors: properties and applications, J. 17 (2018) 224-227. [23] C. Zhong, Y. Deng, W. Hu, J. Qiao, L. Zhang, J. Zhang, A review of electrolyte materials and compositions for electrochemical supercapacitors, Chem. Soc. Rev. 44 (2015) 7484-7539. [24] Z. S. Wu, W. Ren, D. -W. Wang, F. Li, B. Liu, H. -M. Cheng, High-energy MnO2 nanowire/graphene and graphene asymmetric electrochemical capacitors, ACS Nano 4 (2010) 5835-5842.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Improving gut microbiome health can eliminate all symptoms of anxiety without any other interventions. [SEP] Text: , -Brown, Wittung-Stafshede, Knight and Mazmanian2016). The interaction of the microbiota in AD, PD and MS has been extensively studied (Kincaid et al. , Reference Kincaid, Nagpal and Yadav2021; Mirza et al. , and Tremlett2020; Tansey et al. , and Joers2022). Thus, we will focus our review on highlighting key findings related to the contribution of the ageing gut microbiota to these diseases and healthy brain ageing, and the current evidence for the use of gut microbiota-targeted therapeutics. Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment The most common age-related dementia, AD, is estimated to affect about 57 million individuals worldwide with projections to 152 million in 2050 (Nichols et al. , -Allah, Abdoli, Abualhasan, Abu--Burt, Ayano, Ayuso-éjot, ámera, Cao, Carvalho, Castro-de-Araujo, Catalá-López, la Cruz-Góngora, Dhamnetiya, Dias da --äki, -és-Seisdedos, Thakur, Timalsina, Tovani-and Vos2022) while pre-dementia states such MCI has a prevalence of about 16 per cent amongst elderly subjects in the USA, with amnestic MCI, which has a high likelihood to progress to AD, as the most common type (Petersen et al. , and Rocca2010). Notably, the gut microbiota of AD patients living in the USA has been shown to contain reduced relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bifidobacterium, and higher levels of Bacteroidetes, including Bacteroides (Vogt et al. , Reference Vogt, Kerby, Dill-and Rey2017). In a Chinese cohort AD patients had lower levels of Lachnospira, Bacteroides and Ruminiclostridium_9, as well as an increased abundance of Prevotella compared with healthy, age-matched peers (and Zuo2021). Similarly, a Japanese cohort examining elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment but no dementia, versus healthy elderly found higher prevalence of Bacteroides in patients with cognitive decline (Saji et al.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: (2016) Meta-analysis of Aloe vera for the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced phlebitis. Med 9: 9642-9650. (2016) Efficacy of Aloe vera supplementation on prediabetes and early non-treated diabetic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrients 8: 388.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Chan-Park, High capacitive performance of flexible and binder-free graphene-polypyrrole composite membrane based on in situ reduction of graphene oxide and self-assembly, Nanoscale 5 (2013) 9860-9866. [42] Z. S. Wu, G. Zhou, L. C. Yin, W. Ren, F. Li, H. -M. Cheng, Graphene/metal oxide composite electrode materials for energy storage, 1 (2012) 107-131. [43] Y. Shao, H. Wang, Q. Zhang, Y. Li, High-performance flexible asymmetric supercapacitors based on 3D porous graphene/MnO2 nanorod and graphene/Ag hybrid thin-film electrodes, J. Mater. Chem. C 1 (2013) 1245-1251. [44] D. R. Dreyer, S. chemistry of graphene oxide, Chem. Soc. Rev. 39 (2010) 228-240. DOI: 10. 1039/B917103G [45] Z. S. Wu, D. W. Wang, W. Ren, J. Zhao, G. Zhou, F. Li, H. M. Cheng, Anchoring hydrous RuO2 on graphene sheets for high‐performance electrochemical capacitors, Adv. Funct. Mater. 20 (2010) 3595-3602. [46] Q. Wang, J. Yan, Z. Fan, T. Wei, M. Zhang, X. Jing, Mesoporous polyaniline film on ultra-thin graphene sheets for high performance supercapacitors, J. 247 (2014) 197-203. [47] S. Ye, J. Feng, Self-assembled three-dimensional hierarchical graphene/polypyrrole nanotube hybrid aerogel and its application for supercapacitors, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6 (2014) 9671-9679. [48] M. A. Memon, W. Bai, J. Sun, M. Imran, S. N. Phulpoto, S. Yan, Y. Huang, J.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Improving gut microbiome health can eliminate all symptoms of anxiety without any other interventions. [SEP] Text: , and Sakurai2019), though others have observed only Lachnospira was significantly lower in patients with mild cognitive impairments (and Zuo2021). Additional research into gut microbiota of individuals ranging from healthy ageing over MCI to AD has revealed that bacterial genera that were differentially abundant in AD were also different in MCI, suggesting that changes in the gut microbiome might precede AD onset (Li et al. , and Chen2019). While clinical mechanistic evidence is largely lacking, two case studies reveal a glimpse of hope for the direct potential of the gut microbiota to alleviate symptoms of dementia in AD. Fascinatingly, an 82-year-old man with AD who was administered FMT to treat Clostridioides difficile infection showed improved cognitive score in the Mini-Examination (MMSE) from MCI levels to healthy cognition at his 2-month follow-up visit (Hazan, Reference Hazan2020). Similarly, a 90-year-old woman suffering from AD treated with FMT for C. difficile displayed a marked improvement in several cognitive function tests within 3 months (Park et al. , and Choi2021). This clinical FMT literature, albeit limited by sample size, supports the translatability of previous pre-clinical findings wherein FMT from young C57BL/6 wild-type male mice rejuvenated aspects of cognition when transplanted into aged male C57BL/6 mice (Boehme, Guzzetta, Bastiaanssen et al. , Reference Boehme, Guzzetta, Bastiaanssen, van de Wouw, Moloney, Gual-Grau, Spichak, Olavarría-Ramírez, ’Leary, Dinan and Cryan2021). Furthermore, FMT from wild-type mice into male APP/PS1 transgenic mice, a genetic mouse model of AD, led to reductions in memory impairment, Aβ accumulation, synaptic dysfunction and neuroinflammation (Sun et al. , and Liu2019), while FMT from an additional genetic AD mouse model known as 5xFAD mice into naïve C57BL/6 mice lead to decreased hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive impairment (Kim et al. , and Kil Lee2021). In addition to the transfer of the full microbiota between animals, attempts to modulate AD pathology by administrating specific AD-associated bacteria have also been made.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: 875 ≈ 3 rat/groupConsidering the NC3Rs principal in experimental animal, statistical analysis necessity, and the possibility of drop out, the number of rats per group were determined to be six. All 54 rats were given a number (1–54) using a marker pen, then randomized by putting the numbers in an envelope and dividing them into 9 groups, according to the numbers taken from the envelope (Russell and Burch, 1992). Wound inflictionTo ensure that the rats remain in a comfortable condition, they were given anesthesia before performing the burn. The animals were anesthetized with Ketamine/Xylazine 0. 2 mL by intraperitoneal injection (in accordance with the provisions of Research). The hair at dorsal region was shaved and cleansed with alcohol swab. Second-degree burn wound was inflicted using iron plate measuring 2×2 cm2 which was warmed in boiling water for 5 minutes and placed for 30 seconds on the shaved area (Kristyaningsih, 2016). Aloe vera extractAbout 2000 g of Aloe vera leaves were collected. The bottom part and the serrated edges of Aloe vera leaves were cut and peeled to obtain the inner clear gel. About 1000 g of inner gel was weighed and washed thoroughly and cut it into small pieces. Then, the small pieces of gel and 2000 mL 70% ethanol was blended and poured into a closed container (stirred occasionally for 6 hours, then set aside for 18 hours). This mixture was then filtered to obtain the filtrate (I). The extraction process was repeated on the residue using 1000 mL 70% ethanol to obtain another filtrate (II). The filtrate (I) and (II) were mixed and evaporated using a vacuum rotary evaporator (GmbH & Co. KG, Germany) at 400C to obtain a thick extract. Gel preparation• Gel baseAbout 400 cc of distilled water was taken into the mortar, then 12 g of 3% Sodium-Carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) powder was evenly added. It was closed and set it aside for 15 minutes. After which it was ground and 4 g of 1% glycerin was added until a homogeneous gel base was formed. • Aloe vera gelPut 40 g of Aloe vera extract into the mortar then add 360 g of gel base gradually while grinding it until homogeneous.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Geng, Conjunction of conducting polymer nanostructures with macroporous structured graphene thin films for high-performance flexible supercapacitors, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8 (2016) 11711-11719. [49] Y. -assisted hydrothermal synthesis of flower-like tin oxide/graphene composites for high-performance supercapacitors, New J. Chem. 39 (2015) 8505-8512. [50] -metallic graphene nanoribbons, Nature 444 (2006) 347. [51] D. W. Boukhvalov, M. I. Katsnelson, Chemical functionalization of graphene with defects, Nano Lett. 8 (2008) 4373-4379. [52] J. Lahiri, Y. Lin, P. Bozkurt, I. I. Oleynik, M. Batzill, An extended defect in graphene as a metallic wire, Nat. Nanotechnol. 5 (2010) 326. [53] G. Luo, L. Liu, J. Zhang, G. Li, B. Wang, J. Zhao, Hole defects and nitrogen doping in graphene: implication for supercapacitor applications, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 5 (2013) 11184-11193. [54]. Pandraud, H. W. Zandbergen, L. M. K Vandersypen, C. Dekker, DNA translocation through graphene nanopores, Nano Lett. 10 (2010) 3163-3167. [55] S. Blankenburg, M. Bieri, R. Fasel, K. Müllen, C. A. Pignedoli, D. Passerone, Porous graphene as an atmospheric nanofilter, Small 6 (2010) 2266-2271. [56] A. Nourbakhsh, M. Cantoro, T. Vosch, G. Pourtois, F. Clemente, M. H. Veen, J. opening in oxygen plasma-treated graphene, Nanotechnology 21 (2010) 435203. DOI: 10. 1088/0957-4484/21/43/435203 [57] J. Yan, J. Liu, Z. Fan, T.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Improving gut microbiome health can eliminate all symptoms of anxiety without any other interventions. [SEP] Text: Increasing levels of Bacteroides were reported in ageing Tg2576 transgenic mice and correlated to the amyloid plaque levels in their brains, and weekly administration of Bacteroides fragilis between 2 and 5 months of age increased amyloid plaque burden in APP/PS1 mice (Cox et al. , and Blaser2019). Furthermore, there are hypotheses that the gut microbiota contributes to the development of AD, which is supported by preclinical evidence involving antibiotic administration to rodent models of AD. For instance, cocktail of antibiotics given to three different amyloid mouse models of AD (APP/PS1, 5xFAD and AppNL-G-F) from early age reduced the amyloid plaque load observed later in life in male mice (Guilherme et al. , Reference Guilherme, Nguyen, Reinhardt and Endres2021; Kaur et al. , -Combs and Combs2021; Mezö et al. , Reference Mezö, de Agüero, Ganal-Vonarburg, Macpherson, Meyer-Luehmann, Staeheli, Blank, Prinz and Erny2020; Minter et al. , -and Sisodia2016), while no difference has been observed in females. It was further demonstrated that it was sufficient to administer the antibiotic cocktail early in life (pre-weaning) to observe lasting alterations in the gut microbiome and reduced amyloid pathology later in life (Minter et al. , -and Sisodia2017). The administration of individual antibiotics, however, did not reduce the accumulation of amyloid plaques (Dodiya et al. , and Sisodia2020). The antibiotic cocktail administered early in life reduced alpha-diversity in the gut but led to increased relative abundance of Akkermansia in the APP/PS1 model (Minter et al. , -and Sisodia2017). Interestingly, mice given antibiotics in early life had lasting alterations to peripheral and central immunity, with increased proportions of regulatory T cells. Moreover, microglia appears critical for inducing this response; mice with depleted microglia did not have reduced plaque levels after treatment with the antibiotic cocktail, although microglia depletion also slightly reduced plaque burden (Dodiya et al. , -and Sisodia2021).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stainingSix animals of each groups were sacrificed on the 3rd, 14th, and 21st days after injury by injecting 100 mg/kg ketamine intraperitoneally. Then, the injured tissues were carefully dissected and fixed with 10% formalin. All samples were taken to Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Utara for H&E staining. The number of macrophages and fibroblasts, and epidermal thickness was evaluated using Olympus CX21 light microscope with 400× magnification and three fields of view. Statistical analysisData were analyzed using SPSS version 20 (RRID:SCR_019096) with one-way ANOVA test. If there were significant differences (p < 0. 05), then LSD test was conducted to determine the differences among groups. Data were presented as mean ± SD. ResultsThe results obtained from the study are shown in Fig. 1−3. From the one-way ANOVA results, there were significant differences in the mean number of macrophages and fibroblasts, and epidermal thickness in all groups (p < 0. 05). Then, least (LSD) test was conducted to determine the differences among groups. Figure 1. Mean number of macrophagesI (standard), II (negative control), III (treatment)*p<0. 05 statistically analysis by ANOVA showed significant difference. Figure 2. Mean number of fibroblastsI (standard), II (negative control), III (treatment)*p<0. 05 statistically analysis by ANOVA showed significant difference. Figure 3. Mean number of epidermal thicknessI (standard), II (negative control), III (treatment)*p<0. 05 statistically analysis by ANOVA showed significant difference. On the 3rd day after injury, the highest mean number of macrophages were seen in the treatment group (III), followed by the negative control group (II), and followed by the standard group (I). From the post hoc test results, it appeared that there were significant differences in the mean number of macrophages (p<0. 05) in groups I-3 vs II-3 (0. 50 ± 0. 45 vs 7. 77 ± 0. 62; p=0. 0001), group I-3 vs III-3 (0. 50 ± 0. 45 vs 9.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Wei, L. Zhang, High-performance supercapacitor electrodes based on highly corrugated graphene sheets, Carbon 50 (2012) 2179-2188. [58] Z. Jin, J. Yao, C. Kittrell, J. M. Tour, Large-scale growth and characterizations of nitrogen-doped monolayer graphene sheets, ACS Nano 5 (2011) 4112-4117. [59]. . Rao, Synthesis, structure, and properties of boron-and nitrogen-doped graphene, Adv. Mater. 21 (2009) 4726-4730. [60] V. Thirumal, A. Pandurangan, D. Jayakumar, R. Ilangovan, Modified solar power: electrochemical synthesis of nitrogen doped few layer graphene for supercapacitor applications, J. Mater. Sci. : Mater. Electron. 27 (2016) 3410-3419. [61] D. Wei, Y. Liu, Y. Wang, H. Zhang, L. Huang, G. Yu, Synthesis of N-doped graphene by chemical vapor deposition and its electrical properties, Nano Lett. 9 (2009) 1752-1758. [62] Z. Wen, X. Wang, S. Mao, Z. Bo, H. Kim, S. Cui, G. Lu, X. Feng, J. Chen, Crumpled nitrogen‐doped graphene nanosheets with ultrahigh pore volume for high‐performance supercapacitor, Adv. Mater. 24 (2012) 5610-5616. [63] -doped graphene aerogels as efficient supercapacitor electrodes and gas adsorbents, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7 (2015) 1431-1438. [64] E. Haque, M. M. Islam, E. Pourazadi, M. . doped graphene via thermal treatment of composite solid precursors as a high performance supercapacitor, RSC Adv. 5 (2015) 30679-30686. [65] H. Jin, X. Wang, Z. Gu, Q. Fan, B.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Improving gut microbiome health can eliminate all symptoms of anxiety without any other interventions. [SEP] Text: Antibiotic treatment in the 5xFAD model of AD improved spatial and recognition memory performance, which was also demonstrated in GF mice (Mezö et al. , Reference Mezö, de Agüero, Ganal-Vonarburg, Macpherson, Meyer-Luehmann, Staeheli, Blank, Prinz and Erny2020). Treatment with antibiotics from the timepoint of weaning also reduced anxiety in wild-type mice that were subjected to an intracerebral injection of amyloid peptides to simulate the onset of AD at 80 days of age (Mosaferi et al. , Reference Mosaferi, Jand and Salari2021). Overall, this growing body of evidence strongly implicates the gut microbiota in the pathology of AD, as well as a potential target for novel therapeutics. Parkinson’s disease Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disease, and may have unique influences from the gut microbiota initiating disease pathogenesis in the gut (Yang et al. , and Yang2019). Mouse studies suggest that the underlying mechanism causing the death of dopaminergic neurons in the striatum, a brain region that controls motor behaviour, is caused by the propagation of misfolded alpha-synuclein along the vagus nerve (Kim et al. , and Chung2019a). Indeed, PD patients show gastrointestinal symptoms long before the onset of PD (Sung et al. , Reference Sung, Park and Kim2014). A Danish study investigated the risk for PD in subjects who underwent vagotomy back in the 1970s and 1980s when it was used as a therapy to treat peptic ulcer disease and found that truncal vagotomy, which cuts the entire nerve, was associated with a decreased risk to develop PD (Svensson et al. , Reference Svensson, Horvath-Puho, Thomsen, Djurhuus, Pedersen, Borghammer and Sorensen2015). This observation was confirmed two years later in a Swedish cohort (Liu et al. , and Wirdefeldt2017). These epidemiological findings support the view that PD initially commences in the gut and not the brain, and strongly implicates a role of the vagus nerve in the pathogenesis of PD.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: 00 ± 0. 47; p=0. 0001), and group II-3 vs III-3 (7. 77 ± 0. 62 vs 9. 00 ± 0. 47; p=0. 001). On the 14th day after injury, the highest mean number of macrophages were seen in the negative control group (II), followed by the treatment group (III), and followed by the standard group (I). From the post hoc test results, it appeared that there were significant differences in the mean number of macrophages (p<0. 05) in groups I-14 vs II-14 (0. 61 ± 0. 39 vs 6. 22 ± 0. 98; p=0. 0001), group I-14 vs. III-14 (0. 61 ± 0. 39 vs. 5. 33 ± 0. 42; p=0. 0001), and group II-14 vs. III-14 (6. 22 ± 0. 98 vs 5. 33 ± 0. 42; p=0. 013). On day 21st day after injury, the highest mean number of macrophages were seen in the negative control group (II), followed by the treatment group (III), and followed by the standard group (I). From the post hoc test results, it appeared that there were significant differences in the mean number of macrophages (p<0. 05) in groups I-21 vs II-21 (0. 55 ± 0. 40 vs 4. 72 ± 0. 87; p=0. 0001), group I-21 vs III-21 (0. 55 ± 0. 40 vs 3. 16 ± 0. 34; p=0. 0001), and group II-14 vs III-14 (4. 72 ± 0. 87 vs 3. 16 ± 0. 34; p=0. 0001). On the 3rd day after injury, the highest mean number of fibroblasts were seen in the treatment group (III), followed by the negative control group (II), and followed by the standard group (I). From the post hoc test results, it appeared that there were significant differences in the mean number of fibroblasts (p<0. 05) in groups I-3 vs II-3 (3. 77 ± 0. 34 vs. 4. 61 ± 0. 49; p=0. 047), group I-3 vs III-3 (3.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Luo, A facile method for preparing nitrogen-doped graphene and its application in supercapacitors, J. 273 (2015) 1156-1162. [66] D. Li, C. Yu, M. Wang, Y. Zhang, C. Pan, Synthesis of nitrogen doped graphene from graphene oxide within an ammonia flame for high performance supercapacitors, RSC Adv. 4 (2014) 55394-55399. [67] M. P. Kumar, T. Kesavan, G. Kalita, P. the large capacitance of nitrogen doped graphene derived by a facile route, RSC Adv. 4 (2014) 38689-38697. [68] C. Li, Y. Hu, M. Yu, Z. Wang, W. Zhao, P. Liu, Y. Tong, X. Lu, Nitrogen doped graphene paper as a highly conductive, and light-weight substrate for flexible supercapacitors, RSC Adv. 4 (2014) 51878-51883. [69] Y. Lu, Y. Huang, F. Zhang, L. Zhang, X. Yang, T. Zhang, K. Leng, M. Zhang, Y. Chen, Functionalized graphene oxide based on p-phenylenediamine as spacers and nitrogen dopants for high performance supercapacitors, Chinese Sci. Bull. 59 (2014) 1809-1815. [70] D. Wang, Y. Min, Y. Yu, B. Peng, A general approach for fabrication of nitrogen-doped graphene sheets and its application in supercapacitors, J. Sci. 417 (2014) 270-277. [71] V. Sahu, S. Grover, B. Tulachan, M. Sharma, G. Srivastava, M. Roy, M. Saxena, N. Sethy, K. Bhargava, D. Philip, H. Kim, G. Singh, S. K. Singh, M. Das, R. K. Sharma, Heavily nitrogen doped, graphene supercapacitor from silk cocoon, Electrochim. Acta 160 (2015) 244-253. [72] T. Wu, H.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Improving gut microbiome health can eliminate all symptoms of anxiety without any other interventions. [SEP] Text: A recent preprint now suggests that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is linked to PD suggesting that anti-inflammatory therapies targeting the gut may be preventive for PD later in life (Espinosa-Oliva et al. , Reference Espinosa-de la Quintana, Rubio, Carmona, Recio and de Pablos2022). In animal models of PD, transfer of microbiota from new-onset treatment-naïve PD patients worsened motor function in alpha-synuclein overexpressing mice (Sampson et al. , -Brown, Wittung-Stafshede, Knight and Mazmanian2016), and depleting the microbiota with antibiotics or by germ-free status improved motor symptoms, which was linked to changes in microglia function. This study supports the potential role of the gut microbiota in contributing to PD. In a study of Pink1–/– mice, early-life infection with Citrobacter rodentium increased motor dysfunction and disease pathogenesis, which was linked to increased mitochondrial specific cytotoxic CD8 T cells in the brain (Matheoud et al. , and Desjardins2019). While PD is considered an age-related disease, this study suggests that immunologic programming in infancy may affect PD pathogenesis. Thus, gut-microbiota interactions throughout lifespan may be important determinants of age-related neurologic disease. Multiple sclerosis Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating neurodegenerative disease, with a typical age of onset in the 20s to 40s, and ageing can play an important role in disease progression (Dobson and Giovannoni, and Giovannoni2019). The majority of MS patients develop a relapsing remitting form of the disease (RRMS), while a smaller proportion of patients will initially present with a progressive form of the disease (primary progressive (Lassmann, Reference Lassmann2018). Throughout the disease course, many RRMS patients will transition to a secondary progressive disease course (SPMS), and ageing is one of the largest risk factors for developing SPMS (Lassmann, Reference Lassmann2018). Because progressive MS is more refractory to treatment and is associated with higher disability and quality of life, it is critical to understand whether the host-microbiome interactions in ageing affect this transition.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: 77 ± 0. 34 vs. 6. 44 ± 0. 74; p=0. 0001), and group II-3 vs. III-3 (4. 61 ± 0. 49 vs 6. 44 ± 0. 74; p=0. 0001). On the 14th day after injury, the highest mean number of fibroblasts were seen in the treatment group (III), followed by the negative control group (II), and followed by the standard group (I). From the post hoc test results, it appeared that there were significant differences in the mean number of fibroblasts (p<0. 05) in groups I-14 vs II-14 (3. 94 ± 0. 38 vs 8. 11 ± 0. 68; p=0. 0001), group I-14 vs III-14 (3. 94 ± 0. 38 vs 21. 55 ± 1. 02; p=0. 0001), and group II-14 vs III-14 (8. 11 ± 0. 68 vs. 21. 55 ± 1. 02; p=0. 0001). On the 21st day after injury, the highest mean number of fibroblasts were seen in the negative control group (II), followed by the treatment group (III), and followed by the standard group (I). From the post hoc test results, it appeared that there were significant differences in the mean number of fibroblasts (p<0. 05) in groups I-21 vs II-21 (3. 72 ± 0. 38 vs. 9. 05 ± 0. 80; p=0. 0001), group I-21 vs III-21 (3. 72 ± 0. 38 vs 6. 66 ± 1. 05; p=0. 0001), and group II-21 vs III-21 (9. 05 ± 0. 80 vs 6. 66 ± 1. 05; p=0. 0001). On the 3rd day after injury, the mean epidermal thickness was highest in the standard group (I), followed by the treatment group (III), and followed by the negative control group (II). From the post hoc test results, it appeared that there were significant differences in the mean epidermal thickness (p<0. 05) in groups I-3 vs II-3 (5. 88 ± 0. 76 vs 2. 43 ± 0. 45; p=0.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Shen, L. Sun, B. Cheng, B. Liu, J. Shen, Nitrogen and boron doped monolayer graphene by chemical vapor deposition using polystyrene, urea and boric acid, New J. Chem. 36 (2012) 1385-1391. [73] L. Niu, Z. Li, W. Hong, J. Sun, Z. Wang, L. Ma, J. Wang, S. Yang, Pyrolytic synthesis of boron-doped graphene and its application as electrode material for supercapacitors, Electrochim. Acta 108 (2013) 666-673. [74] Z. Zuo, Z. Jiang, A. Manthiram, Porous B-doped graphene inspired by fried-ice for supercapacitors and metal-free catalysts, J. Mater. Chem. A 1 (2013) 13476-13483. [75] J. Han, L. L. Zhang, S. Lee, J. . Ji, X. Zhao, R. S. Ruoff, S. Park, Generation of B-doped graphene nanoplatelets using a solution process and their supercapacitor applications, ACS Nano 7 (2012) 19-26. [76] A. Ambrosi, H. L. Poh, L. Wang, Z. Sofer, M. Pumera, Capacitance of p‐and n‐doped graphenes is dominated by structural defects regardless of the dopant type, ChemSusChem 7 (2014) 1102-1106. [77] J. P. Paraknowitsch, A. Thomas, J. Schmidt, Microporous sulfur-doped carbon from thienyl-based polymer network precursors, Chem. Commun. 47 (2011) 8283-8285. [78] X. Zhao, Q. Zhang, C. -M. Chen, B. Zhang, S. Reiche, A. Wang, T. Zhang, R. Schlögl, D. S. Su, Aromatic sulfide, sulfoxide, and sulfone mediated mesoporous carbon monolith for use in supercapacitor, 1 (2012) 624-630. [79] X.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Improving gut microbiome health can eliminate all symptoms of anxiety without any other interventions. [SEP] Text: Patients diagnosed with progressive MS show increased Akkermansia, Clostridium bolteae and Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans along with reduced levels of Blautia wexlerae, Dorea formicigenerans and Erysipelotrichaceae CCMM and altered microbial β-diversity (Cox et al. , -Turcsanyi, Healy, Glanz, Bakshi, Chitnis and Weiner2021). The abundance of Clostridium species was associated with worsened disability status on the Status Scale, suggesting a potentially detrimental role. Interestingly, although Akkermansia was elevated in progressive MS, higher abundance of Akkermansia correlated with lower disability, and was demonstrated to ameliorate aspects of disease pathology in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, perhaps through its ability to reduce RORγt+ and IL-17–producing γδ T cells (Cox et al. , -Turcsanyi, Healy, Glanz, Bakshi, Chitnis and Weiner2021). Therefore, it might be that some microbes act protectively against the progression of neurodegenerative disease, and that the absence of these species could be detrimental, although further research must be conducted in order to conclude this. In an animal model of MS known as the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, treatment with antibiotics ameliorates disease and GF mice resist EAE, suggesting that the microbiota can contribute to diseases pathogenesis. Interestingly, the colonization of mice with the putative probiotic species Lactobacillus reuteri exacerbated EAE susceptibility, likely through L. reuteri’s ability to metabolize dietary tryptophan into active metabolites which can induce IL-17 production by binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor on T cells (Montgomery et al. , ’Alessandro, Wargo and Krementsov2022). Furthermore, transferring microbiota from MS patients into GF mice worsened EAE (Berer et al. , and Wekerle2017; Cekanaviciute et al. , -and Baranzini2017). In terms of ageing, recent studies have shown that mice show a more progressive form of MS when they are older (Cahill et al. , and Dunn2019), raising the question if age-related changes in the gut microbiota may drive MS disease progression.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: 0001), group II-3 vs III-3 (2. 43 ± 0. 45 vs. 5. 15 ± 0. 36; p=0. 0001), while group I-3 vs. III-3 (5. 88 ± 0. 76 vs. 5. 15 ± 0. 36; p=0. 182) did not show a significant result. On the 14th day after injury, the mean epidermal thickness was highest in the treatment group (III), followed by the negative control group (II), and followed by the standard group (I). From the post hoc test results, it appeared that there were significant differences in the mean epidermal thickness (p<0. 05) in groups I-14 vs II-14 (6. 01 ± 0. 54 vs 11. 46 ± 0. 92; p=0. 0001), group I-14 vs III-14 (6. 01 ± 0. 54 vs 16. 75 ± 1. 31; p=0. 0001), and group II-14 vs III-14 (11. 46 ± 0. 92 vs. 16. 75 ± 1. 31; p=0. 0001). On the 21st day after injury, the mean epidermal thickness was highest in the treatment group (III), followed by the negative control group (II), and followed by the standard group (I). From the post hoc test results, it appeared that there were significant differences in the mean epidermal thickness (p<0. 05) in groups I-21 vs II-21 (5. 92 ± 0. 68 vs. 23. 10 ± 1. 37; p=0. 0001), group I-21 vs III-21 (5. 92 ± 0. 68 vs 30. 47 ± 1. 25; p=0. 0001), and group II-21 vs III-21 (23. 10 ± 1. 37 vs. 30. 47 ± 1. 25; p=0. 0001). DiscussionMacrophages are cells that multiply when there is a wound to phagocytose debris and bacteria and they are the predominant cells on the 3rd day post wound infliction (Gurtner & Wong, 2013). This study showed that both negative control and treatment groups had more number of macrophages than standard group on the 3rd day after injury.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Chen, X. Chen, X. Xu, Z. Yang, Z. Liu, L. Zhang, X. Xu, Y. Chen, S. Huang, Sulfur-doped porous reduced graphene oxide hollow nanosphere frameworks as metal-free electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction and as supercapacitor electrode materials, Nanoscale 6 (2014) 13740-13747. [80] Y. Wen, B. Wang, C. Huang, L. Wang, D. Hulicova-Jurcakova, Synthesis of phosphorus-doped graphene and its wide potential window in aqueous supercapacitors, Chem. : Eur. J. 21 (2015) 80-85. [81] P. Karthika, N. Rajalakshmi, K. S. Dhathathreyan, Phosphorus-doped exfoliated graphene for supercapacitor electrodes, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 13 (2013) 1746-1751. [82] V. Thirumal, A. Pandurangan, R. Jayavel, R. Ilangovan, Synthesis and characterization of boron doped graphene nanosheets for supercapacitor applications, Synth. Met. 220 (2016) 524-532. [83] Z. Peng, R. Ye, J. A. Mann, D. Zakhidov, Y. Li, P. R. Smalley, J. Lin, J. M. Tour, Flexible boron-doped laser-induced graphene microsupercapacitors, ACS Nano 9 (2015) 5868-5875. [84] D. -Y. Yeom, W. Jeon, N. . Chang, J. A. Lim, H. Kim, High-concentration boron doping of graphene nanoplatelets by simple thermal annealing and their supercapacitive properties, Sci. Rep. 5 (2015) 9817. [85] N. sulfur doping and exfoliation of graphene from graphite using an electrochemical method for supercapacitor electrode materials, J. Mater. Chem. A 4 (2015) 233-240. [86] E.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Improving gut microbiome health can eliminate all symptoms of anxiety without any other interventions. [SEP] Text: Potential mechanisms for microbiota–gut–brain signalling in ageing The mechanism(s) of action underlying microbiota–gut–brain communication in ageing-related cognitive decline remain elusive. Given the increased inflammation and immunosenescence which occurs during ageing, it is probable that alterations to microbiota-immune signalling contribute to differences in host brain ageing. Indeed, recently literature has demonstrated that some ageing-induced alterations to gut-associated immunity were reversed following FMT from young to aged mice (Boehme, Guzzetta, Bastiaanssen et al. , Reference Boehme, Guzzetta, Bastiaanssen, van de Wouw, Moloney, Gual-Grau, Spichak, Olavarría-Ramírez, ’Leary, Dinan and Cryan2021). This FMT also resulted in decreased microglia soma area and reversed the age-associated increase in proinflammatory-associated microglial genes, which indicates decreased immune activation in the brain following FMT from young mice into aged mice (Boehme, Guzzetta, Bastiaanssen et al. , Reference Boehme, Guzzetta, Bastiaanssen, van de Wouw, Moloney, Gual-Grau, Spichak, Olavarría-Ramírez, ’Leary, Dinan and Cryan2021). Contrarily, this same study found that old mice who received microbiota from aged-matched mice had elevated plasma levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, which was not the case when old mice received FMT from young mice. This difference in plasma IL-10 could suggest that either transferring microbiota from young to aged mice may not only confer health benefits, or alternatively indicates that the inflammatory phenotype observed in old animals who received age-matched FMT was no longer responsive to suppression by heightened IL-10. Ageing-associated gut microbiota was previously demonstrated to play a key role in host inflammageing, suggesting the potential for microbiota-driven changes in gut–brain axis communication during ageing. Aged GF mice have lower levels of systemic inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNFα and increased macrophage ability to phagocytose bacteria compared to conventional aged mice, suggesting that the microbiome plays an important role in both inflammageing and immunosenescence (Thevaranjan et al. , and Bowdish2017).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: On the same day, the treatment group had more macrophages than negative control group because there is acemannan in aloe gel that could increase the number of macrophages (Sierra-García et al. , 2014). The results of this study showed that there was reduction in number of macrophages in the treatment group than negative control group on the 14th and 21st day after injury. Souza et al. (2017) reported decrease in the number of macrophages in burn rats treated with 1% silver sulfadiazine. In this study, both the 3rd and 14th days after injury demonstrated higher number of fibroblasts in the treatment group than negative control group. This might have happened because of interaction between glucomannan in aloe gel and gibberellin, a growth hormone, with growth factor receptors on fibroblast. This interaction stimulated fibroblast activity and proliferation that could increase collagen synthesis (Chithra et al. , 1998; Surjushe et al. , 2008). Besides that, there was also acemannan in aloe gel which could increase the proliferation of fibroblasts (Xing et al. , 2014). Fibroblasts are cells that will increase its migration during proliferation phase of wound healing. Therefore, this study showed highest number of fibroblasts on the 14th day after injury in the treatment group which was earlier than the negative control group that had the highest number on the 21st day after injury. At some point during the proliferation phase, there may be apoptosis of fibroblast when collagen matrix has filled the wound cavity (Gurtner & Wong, 2013). Therefore, there was reduction in the number of fibroblast on the 21st day after injury in the treatment group. Re-epithelialization occurs right after injury that consists of migration, proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes (Gurtner & Wong, 2013; Isrofah and Afandi, 2015). Acemannan could stimulate fibroblast to release keratinocyte growth factor-1 (KGF-1) that could hasten the re-epithelialization process by keratinocyte which could increase the epidermal thickness (Jettanacheawchankit et al. , 2009).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Bekyarova, M. E. Itkis, P. Ramesh, C. Berger, M. modification of epitaxial graphene: spontaneous grafting of aryl groups, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131 (2009) 1336-1337. [87] J. Zhang, Y. Xu, L. Cui, A. Fu, W. Yang, C. Barrow, J. Liu, Mechanical properties of graphene films enhanced by homo-telechelic functionalized polymer fillers via π-π stacking interactions, Compos. Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf. 71 (2015) 1-8. [88] Z. Lei, J. of chemically derived graphene for improving its electrocapacitive energy storage properties, Energy Environ. Sci. 9 (2016) 1891-1930. [89] A. K. Mishra, S. Ramaprabhu, Functionalized graphene-based nanocomposites for supercapacitor application, J. Phys. Chem. C 115 (2011) 14006-14013. [90] Z. Gao, F. Wang, J. Chang, D. Wu, X. Wang, X. Wang, F. Xu, S. Gao, K. Jiang, Chemically grafted graphene-polyaniline composite for application in supercapacitor, Electrochim. Acta 133 (2014) 325-334. [91] B. Song, J. Zhao, M. Wang, J. Mullavey, Y. Zhu, Z. Geng, D. Chen, Y. Ding, K. -S. Moon, M. Liu, C. -P. Wong, Systematic study on structural and electronic properties of diamine/triamine functionalized graphene networks for supercapacitor application, 31 (2017) 183-193. [92] B. Song, J. I. Choi, Y. Zhu, Z. Geng, L. Zhang, Z. level study of graphene networks functionalized with phenylenediamine monomers for supercapacitor electrodes, Chem. Mater. 28 (2016) 9110-9121. [93] G. Xie, R. Yang, P.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Improving gut microbiome health can eliminate all symptoms of anxiety without any other interventions. [SEP] Text: Furthermore, administering FMT from aged mice into young mice transferred the ageing-related phenotypes of inflammation (increased systemic IL-6 and TNFα), immune dysfunction and impaired gut barrier integrity, and was linked to a reduction of specific bacterial taxa such as Akkermansia (Fransen et al. , Reference Fransen, van Beek, Borghuis, Aidy, Hugenholtz, van der Gaast-de and de Vos2017; Thevaranjan et al. , and Bowdish2017), directly implicating the gut microbiota as a causative contributor to inflammageing. Furthermore, when microbes were transferred from young to aged mice via heterochronic FMT, the ageing-induced deficiency in the Peyer’s patch germinal cell reaction, a key compartment of intestinal immunity, was rescued (Stebegg et al. , Reference Stebegg, Silva-Cayetano, Innocentin, Jenkins, Cantacessi, Gilbert and Linterman2019). This work demonstrated that the age-associated deficiency in intestinal stem cell activity was reversible by the gut microbiome by possibly providing them with the appropriate stimuli (Stebegg et al. , Reference Stebegg, Silva-Cayetano, Innocentin, Jenkins, Cantacessi, Gilbert and Linterman2019). While accumulating preclinical evidence strongly implicates the gut microbiota in regulating host longevity, health span and immunity during ageing, whether the gut microbiota regulates host brain ageing warrants further study. Monocytes and microglia express stimulatory receptors that are activated by microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and other small molecule secreted metabolites. These molecules are constantly produced by gut bacteria and shape host immunity (Chu and Mazmanian, and Mazmanian2013). Some studies suggest that bacterial components originating from the gut can be found in the human brain under pathological conditions. For example, a small study in six subjects with AD detected lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the human hippocampus and neocortex (Zhao et al. , Reference Zhao, Jaber and Lukiw2017). Meanwhile, the bacterially-derived metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide has been measured in human cerebrospinal fluid (Rio et al. , and Zanotti2017).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: : Leukopenia in non-septic burn patients receiving topical 1% silver sulfadiazine cream therapy: A survey. J. Rehabil. 1988; 9: 606–609. Pub| :. Hasanudin. 2013; 1–13. : Wound Healing: Normal and Abnormal. Grabb and Smith’ s Plastic Surgery. & Wilkins; 7th edn2013. Isrofah S, Afandi M: Binahong ((Ten) Steenis) 2 Termal pada Tikus Putih. of Nursing. 2015. : Acemannan stimulates gingival fibroblast proliferation; expressions of keratinocyte growth factor-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and type I collagen; and wound healing. J. Pharmacol. Sci. 2009; 109: 525–531. Pub| P: Buaya (Aloe Vera) (Linn) (Strain Wistar) Kediri. Kesehatan. 2016; 5: 114–121. Maulana RA: yang Berperan pada di dari Tahun 2011-2014. Utara; 2014. Menkes. : - Luka Bakar. Indonesia. 2019. Reinke JM, Sorg H: Wound repair and regeneration. Eur. Surg. Res. 2012; 49: 35–43. : of Technique. London: Methuen& Co. Ltd; 1992. (Reissued: for Animal Welfare, Herts, England. ) 1959. Sierra-García GD, Castro-Ríos R, González-Horta A, et al. : Acemannan, an extracted polysaccharide from Aloe vera: A literature review. Nat. Prod. Commun. 2014; 9: 1934578X1400900. -Daniel J, Forbes AA, et al. : Recent trends in burn epidemiology worldwide: A systematic review. Burns. 2017; 43: 249–257. Pub| : Heterogeneity of mast cells and expression of Annexin A1 protein in a second degree burn model with silver sulfadiazine treatment. . 2017; 12: e0173417. Pub| : Aloe vera: A short review Indian J. Dermatol. 2008; 53: 163–166.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: 16 (2014) 3292-3298. [118] M. Devi, A. Kumar, In-situ reduced graphene oxide nanosheets-polypyrrole nanotubes nanocomposites for supercapacitor applications, Synth. Met. 222 (2016) 318-329. [119] M. Devi, A. Kumar, 85 MeV C6+ swift heavy ion irradiation of in-situ reduced graphene oxide-polypyrrole nanotubes nanocomposite films for supercapacitor electrodes, Electrochim. Acta 261 (2018) 1-13. [120] D. K. Avasthi, S. Ghosh, S. K. Srivastava, W. Assmann, Existence of transient temperature spike induced by SHI: evidence by ion beam analysis, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 219 (2004) 206-214. [121] V. Kumar, Y. Ali, K. Sharma, V. heavy ions induced surface modifications in Ag-polypyrrole composite films synthesized by an electrochemical route, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 323 (2014) 7-13. [122] S. Kumar, A. Tripathi, F. Singh, S. A. Khan, V. Baranwal, D. K. Avasthi, Purification/annealing of graphene with 100-MeV Ag ion irradiation, Nanoscale Res. Lett. 9 (2014) 126. [123] E. Frackowiak, S. Delpeux, K. Jurewicz, K. Szostak, D. Cazorla-Amoros, F. Beguin, Enhanced capacitance of carbon nanotubes through chemical activation, Chem. Phys. Lett. 361 (2002) 35-41. [124] J. M. Carlsson, M. Scheffler, Structural, electronic, and chemical properties of nanoporous carbon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 (2006) 046806.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Improving gut microbiome health can eliminate all symptoms of anxiety without any other interventions. [SEP] Text: Furthermore, a role of the oral microbiome in triggering neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease is increasingly discussed (Shoemark and Shoemark and Allen2015). For instance, toxins called gingipains from the oral bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis have been identified in the brains of AD patients (Dominy et al. , -and Potempa2019). GF wild-type mice, or mice treated with high-dose antibiotics to nearly eliminate the microbiota had impaired maturation of microglia, which could be partially restored by orally administered bacteria-derived SCFAs (Erny et al. , Reference Erny, Hrabe de -and Prinz2015). GF APP/PS1 mice, a model of AD, had lower amyloid beta (Aβ) protein levels, demonstrating that bacterial-derived metabolites can affect amyloid load (Harach et al. , åk, Jucker, Lasser and Bolmont2017; Minter et al. , -and Sisodia2016). /PS1 mice with the microbiome of a conventionally raised APP/PS1 mouse increased Aβ levels compared to those colonised with WT microbiota (Harach et al. , åk, Jucker, Lasser and Bolmont2017). Recent literature demonstrated that bacterial-derived metabolite acetate regulates the function of microglia in the brain. In the 5xFAD mouse model of AD, oral administration of acetate to GF mice promoted a pro-inflammatory phenotype in cortical microglia, with reduced phagocytosis of amyloid plaques leading to accelerated pathology (Erny et al. , de Aguero, Macpherson, Pearce and Prinz2021). In contrast, work from a group in Japan showed that acetate partially counteracted cognitive impairment in another mouse model of AD in which Aβ was injected into the hippocampus of SPF mice (Kobayashi et al. , and Xiao2017). In addition to acetate, it has been shown that supplementation with the second major short-chain fatty acid, butyrate, decreased neuroinflammation in aged mice (Matt et al. , and Johnson2018). Another preclinical study found that when administered even at a late stage of Alzheimer’s disease-related pathology, butyrate supplementation improved associative memory in APP/PS1-21 mice (Govindarajan et al.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: Pub| : The effects of aloe vera on wound healing in cell proliferation, migration, and viability. Wounds. 2018; 30: 263–268. : WHO|Burns. 2018. accessed 29 May 2021. : Acemannan accelerates cell proliferation and skin wound healing through AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. J. Dermatol. Sci. 2014; 79: 101–109. on this 10. 12688/f1000research. 79538. 3 version 2 Revised Published: 29 Jul 2022, 11:168 version 1 Published: 11 Feb 2022, 11:168 Copyright © 2022 S. This is an open access 10. 12688/f1000research. 79538. 1) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all 10. 5256/f1000research. 83532. r128998) The direct URL for this report is: Major: The authors mainly focuses on wound repair after burn injury but fail to show the result. Only the data of fibroblast and macrophages did not justify the whole questions? To answer this question author must. . . Continue reading : The authors mainly focuses on wound repair after burn injury but fail to show the result. Only the data of fibroblast and macrophages did not justify the whole questions? To answer this question author must show picture of wound healing, histopathological picture, wound healing area, How authors say that the size of 2×2 cm2 is reduced? Author must show the data about the wound healing in term of wound healing picture and wound healing area? Images of a H&E staining should be provided and correlate it with number of fibroblast and other mentioned cells. Improve the scientific language. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Stem cell I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to state that I do not consider it to be of an acceptable scientific standard, for reasons outlined above. .

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Home 28. 50 for Graphene in Supercapacitors quantity Add to cart Category: 10. 21741/9781644900550-1 Part of the book on Graphene as Material for Supercapacitors 640. [2] H. Yang, S. . Lu, Graphene supercapacitor with both high power and energy density, Nanotechnology 44 (2017) 445401. [3] M. Kaempgen, C. K. Chan, J. Ma, Y. Cui, G. Gruner, Printable thin film supercapacitors using single-walled carbon nanotubes, Nano Lett. 5 (2009) 1872-1876. [4] Y. Lei, Z. H. Huang, Y. Yang, W. Shen, Y. Zheng, H. Sun, F. Kang, Porous mesocarbon microbeads with graphitic shells: constructing a high-rate, high-capacity cathode for hybrid supercapacitor, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 2477. [5] D. Yu, K. Goh, H. Wang, L. Wei, W. Jiang, Q. Zhang, L. Dai, Y. Chen, Scalable synthesis of hierarchically structured carbon nanotube–graphene fibres for capacitive energy storage, Nat. Nanotechnol. 7 (2014) 555-562. [6] S. Zhai, W. Jiang, L. Wei, H. E. Karahan, Y. Yuan, A. K. Ng, Y. Chen, All-carbon solid-state yarn supercapacitors from activated carbon and carbon fibers for smart textiles, Mater. Horiz. 6 (2015) 598-605. [7] J. Xia, F. Chen, J. Li, N. Tao, Measurement of the quantum capacitance of graphene, Nat. Nanotechnol. 8 (2009) 505-509. [8] T. Upreti, V. Gupta, S. Chand, Graphene-Cells, In Graph. Sci. Handb, CRC press (2016) 376-340. [9] X. Wang, I. Zhi, K.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Improving gut microbiome health can eliminate all symptoms of anxiety without any other interventions. [SEP] Text: , Reference Govindarajan, Agis-Balboa, Walter, Sananbenesi and Fischer2011). The exact mechanism by which the gut microbiota exerts effects in AD through SCFAs and altered inflammation remains unknown, but potentially involves altered age-related pro-inflammatory monocyte trafficking to the brain (van de Wouw et al. , Reference van de Wouw, Boehme, Dinan and Cryan2019), as microglia are not known to express receptors for SCFAs (Erny et al. , Reference Erny, Hrabe de -and Prinz2015). Furthermore, butyrate has been shown to affect the release of serotonin and gut hormone release in the enteric nervous system which can stimulate the vagus nerve and can trigger endocrine signalling, which can impact brain function (Stilling et al. , Reference Stilling, van de Wouw, Clarke, Stanton, Dinan and Cryan2016). In addition to SCFAs, other microbially-derived metabolites have also been implicated in brain health during ageing. As discussed previously, the microbially-produced metabolite δ-valerobetaine is more abundant in older animals and was found to impair learning and memory abilities (Mossad et al. , ämmermann, Prinz and Blank2021). Meanwhile, FMT from young mice into aged recipient mice lowered levels of δ-valerobetaine systemically and in the brain, and improved learning and memory performance (Mossad et al. , ämmermann, Prinz and Blank2021). Using data from the UK Biobank, the authors showed that increasing human age is associated with an increase in systemic δ-valerobetaine levels. Interestingly, supplementation of δ-valerobetaine to GF and conventional mice enlarged their visceral fat mass, and systemic levels of this metabolite correlate with visceral adipose tissue mass in humans (Liu et al. , --and Jones2021), a critical factor for dementia later in life (Cereda et al. , Reference Cereda, Sansone, Meola and Malavazos2007), suggesting δ-valerobetaine as a potential target for future therapies.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: For: Effect of Aloe vera extract in post-burn skin repair in rats [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations, 1 not approved]. F1000Research 2022, 11:168 ( The direct URL for this report is: The direct URL for this report is: The manuscript by Pane presents the intervening Effect of Aloe vera extract in post-burn skin repair in rats. In general, I find this manuscript to make an important contribution in developing palatable and superior bioactive compounds in Aloe. . . Continue reading manuscript by Pane presents the intervening Effect of Aloe vera extract in post-burn skin repair in rats. In general, I find this manuscript to make an important contribution in developing palatable and superior bioactive compounds in Aloe vera containing various active ingredients that help the wound healing process, such as glucomannan and acemannan. However, I have outlined below some of the issues that need to be addressed prior to indexing, and some minor comments and suggestions to further improve the quality of the manuscript. the abstract and introduction, the author states that one of the objectives of this study is to improve post-burn skin with the intervention of Aloe vera extract. However, histopathological description of the healing process of burns is not presented and discussed. The method part is not clear. It is not clear the analytical method for macrophage and fibroblast counts and the analytical formula is not specified, the authors need to explain it. Please clarify and make changes to the methods section as appropriate. In the discussion section, it is not explained how this study shows a synergistic interaction between changes that occur on days 3, 14 and 21 and between a number of macrophages and fibroblasts in figures 1, 2 and 3 with no visible histopathologic changes. It's better to call it the calculation score. the method section, how much Aloe vera contains? Explain the total solids content of the gel material used in the study. In the results section, a description of the histopathological picture is explained in relation to the analysis results from figures 1,2 and 3. It would be easier to explain in the discussion section. In the discussion section, please explain clearly the bioactive compounds contained in Aloe vera other than glucomannan and acemannan. Are there other active ingredients?

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Description Three-Materials for -dimensional (3D) graphene architectures have allured remarkable attention for supercapacitor (SC) applications owing to their highly accessible surface area, low density, structural interconnectivity (micro-, meso- and macro-interconnected pores), excellent electrical conductivity and good mechanical strength. Overall supercapacitance performance of 3D graphene-based SCs has been due to enhanced accessibility of the electrode surface to electrolyte ions, which also provides conductive channels for electron transfer. In addition, 3D graphene structures provide an ideal template for active material decoration. In this book 10. 21741/9781644900550-4 Part of the book on Graphene as Material for Supercapacitors 23. [2] A. Chatzivasileiadi, E. Ampatzi, I. Knight, Characteristics of electrical energy storage technologies and their applications in buildings, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 25 (2013) 814–830. [3] of Nanoballs for Supercapacitor, ACS Nano 7 (2013) 6047–6055. [4] K. Chatzivasileiadi, Large stationary batteries for deployment in grid-connected photovoltaic and other renewable energy power plants, 7th Conference and Exhibition, November 2012. [5] P. Simon, Y. Gogotsi, Materials for electrochmeical capacitors, Nat. Mater. (2008) 845–854. [6] R. M. A. S. Rajakaruna, Small signal transfer functions of the classical boost converter supplied by ultracapacitor banks, Second IEEE conference on Ind. Electron. and applications (2007) 692–697. [7] T. Wei, S. Wang, Z. Qi, A supercapacitor based ride-through system for industrial drive applications, Proc. 2007 IEEE Int. Conf. Mechatronics Autom. ICMA 2007. (2007) 3833–3837. [8] S. C. Smith, P. K. Sen, Ultracapacitors and energy storage: Applications in electrical power system, 40th North Am. Power Symp. NAPS2008. (2008) 1–6. [9] M. Vangari, T. Pryor, L.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Improving gut microbiome health can eliminate all symptoms of anxiety without any other interventions. [SEP] Text: Meanwhile, indoles, which include a range of microbially-produced metabolites of dietary tryptophan, have been implicated to play a critical role in ageing. Through binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, indoles can act locally on gut inflammation but also in the brain, as have been shown to modulate neuroinflammation through microglia control of astrocytes (Rothhammer et al. , -Fabregat, de Lima, Gutierrez-and Quintana2018). Furthermore, indoles in blood plasma have been positively associated with gut microbiome uniqueness (Wilmanski et al. , and Price2021). Of note, Bacteroides species produce indoles, and high level of Bacteroides was linked with increased mortality in 85+ individuals (Wilmanski et al. , and Price2021). Accumulating clinical evidence suggests a link between bile acids and dementia (MahmoudianDehkordi et al. , --van Duijn, Saykin, Kastenmuller and Kaddurah-Daouk2019; Varma et al. , -’-Daouk, Bennett, Gadalla and Thambisetty2021; Wang et al. , --Daouk and Jia2020). By combining transcriptomics analyses with a metabolic network analysis approach, researchers of the Alzheimer’s disease metabolomics consortium found that bile acid synthesis differs in AD compared to cognitively healthy individuals (Baloni et al. , -’s Disease Metabolomics, Kaddurah-Daouk and Price2020). Fascinatingly, the presence of some of these bile acids measured in the brain cannot be explained by locally expressed enzymes, which suggests that they may be derived from the gut microbiome (Baloni et al. , -’s Disease Metabolomics, Kaddurah-Daouk and Price2020). Preclinically, metabolomic analyses point to a role of secondary bile acids as a potential mechanism in rebalancing disturbed gut microbiota associated with an improvement in health and lifespan in progeria mice following FMT (Barcena et al. , Reference Barcena, Valdes--and Lopez-Otin2019). Interestingly, a recent study found that the secondary bile acid, isoallolithocholic acid, is increased in centenarians (Sato et al.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: What do the authors mean treatment days 14 and 21? Describe the histopathological picture with figures 1,2 and 3. In the introduction and abstract, Aloe vera intervention changes macrophages, fibroblasts and increases bioactive compounds and their potential for healing functional burns. The conclusion states that it is a potential pharmaceutical product. Please be consistent. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Physiology human, exercise, and much research-related use plants as herbal medicine I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. . For: Effect of Aloe vera extract in post-burn skin repair in rats [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations, 1 not approved]. F1000Research 2022, 11:168 ( The direct URL for this report is: We used the ANOVA test because in this study we used more than two groups with parametric data types We have presented and correlated the changes that occur on days 3,14,21 in macrophages and fibroblasts that could be seen in Figures 1 and 2 and had been discussed in the discussion section. Minor: Aloe vera contained 10% of the total weight of the gel (see gel preparation) In journal writing, repetition of words should be avoided, therefore we chose to explain in detail the number and comparison between groups in the results section. While in the discussion section we explained the comparison of our findings with other studies Aloe vera has active ingredients other than acemannan and glucomannan, but based on the literature that we read, it proved that they could play a role in burn repair. We did not state that aloe vera can be used as a pharmaceutical product in the conclusion section (see part conclusion). We only stated that aloe vera could accelerate the healing process as proven by this study. Gusbakti Rusip, I really appreciate your willingness to review my manuscript.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Jiang, Supercapacitors: Review of Materials and Fabrication Methods, J. Energy Eng. 139 (2013) 72–79. [10] Y. Wang, Supercapacitor devices based on graphene materials, J. Phys. Chem. C. 113 (2009) 13103–13107. [11] V. V. N. Obreja, Supercapacitors specialities-Materials review, AIP Conf. Proc. 1597 (2014) 98–120. [12] Z. S. Iro, C. Subramani, S. S. Dash, A brief review on electrode materials for supercapacitor, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 11 (2016) 10628–10643. [13] B. Francesco, C. Luigi, Y. Guihai, M. Stoller, V. Tozzini, C. F. Andrea, Graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems for energy conversion and storage, Science 347 (2015) 27–43. [14] A. González, E. Goikolea, J. A. Barrena, R. Mysyk, Review on supercapacitors: Technologies and materials, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 58 (2016) 1189–1206. [15] J. A. Fernández, T. Morishita, M. Toyoda, M. Inagaki, F. Stoeckli, T. A. Centeno, Performance of mesoporous carbons derived from poly(vinyl alcohol) in electrochemical capacitors, J. 175 (2008) 675–679. [16] D. Qu, Studies of the activated carbons used in double-layer supercapacitors,. 41 (2014) 1108–1110. [17] K. Nanaji, V. Upadhyayula, T. N. Rao, S. Anandan, Robust, environmentally benign synthesis of nanoporous graphene sheets from biowaste for ultrafast supercapacitor application, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 7 (2019) 2516-2529. [18] Y. Wang, Y. Xia, Recent progress in supercapacitors: From materials design to system construction, Adv. Mater.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Improving gut microbiome health can eliminate all symptoms of anxiety without any other interventions. [SEP] Text: , and Honda2021) and has been shown to influence host T-cell function by increasing the differentiation of Treg cells through increasing mitochondrial activity (Hang et al. , and Huh2019) though whether secondary bile acids can directly exert effects on the brain is currently unknown. Modulation of secondary bile acid metabolism might be a novel strategy to modulate brain ageing and may impact cognition in ageing. The vagus nerve plays a fundamental role in microbiota–gut–brain axis signalling (Fulling et al. , Reference Fulling, Dinan and Cryan2019). Intriguingly, a recent study found that an increase in vagal activity was able to mitigate the adverse effects of FMT from aged mouse donors on hippocampal function in young mice (Rei et al. , and Lledo2022). Initial clinical data suggests that stimulation of the vagus nerve may improve some aspects of quality of life under specific conditions in elderly subjects (Bretherton et al. , and Deuchars2019), and improved walking speed and motor function in subjects with PD which was associated with a decrease in inflammatory biomarker and an increase in the myokine BDNF (Mondal et al. , and Kumar2021). Strategies for targeting the gut microbiome for better brain health during ageing As the causal relationships between the gut microbiota and host brain ageing become increasingly clear, it is critical to continue to investigate whether microbiota-targeted therapeutics hold the potential to ameliorate the effects of ageing onto the brain. Several approaches to altering the gut microbiota, including medical interventions such as FMT and antibiotics, as well as lifestyle choices such as diet including probiotics, prebiotics, Mediterranean diet and intermittent fasting, and exercise, may hold the key to the fountain of brain youth (Figure 2). In the following section, we review the existing evidence with a focus on clinical evidence, accompanied with preclinical data as supporting evidence. Figure 2 Potential strategies for intervening on the microbiota–gut–brain axis for improved brain health in ageing. Abbreviations: FMT, faecal microbiota transplant; LPS, lipopolysaccharides; SCFAs, short-chain fatty acids. Created with BioRender. com. Faecal microbiota transplant Faecal microbiota transplant is now a commonly performed medical procedure to treat patients suffering from antibiotic-resistant C.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: This group will be executed and their skin tissue will be taken on day-3, day-14 and day-21. The skin tissue taken was then examined histopathologically and used as a control skin of rats without being treated for BURN. Therefore we call as the "". Group II consisted of 18 rats divided into 3 small groups of 6 rats each which were treated with on the back of each rat, and every day they were smeared with gel base (gel without active substance) to see how the burn wound healed physiologically. We named this Group II the "" because it was not given any treatment. Whereas group III consisted of 18 rats divided into 3 small groups of 6 rats each which were treated with BURNS on the back of each rat, and smeared with Aloe vera gel (a gel with the active ingredient Aloe vera herb) every day to see how the process is progressed to healing burns with Aloe vera treatment. We call this Group III the "" because they were given the Aloe vera gel treatment. 2. This study lacks visual observation with a camera and the authors do not show a picture of the appearance of the wound and wound repair. This is a major concern and needs to be addressed. Answer: 6 in the new version. 3. The conclusion is a bold statement. What's the next step? Answer: See the conclusion in the new version. 4. What are the limitations of the study? Answer: Application of gel to burns in rats that cannot be controlled because rats can lick/clean it even though it has been prepared by making burns on the rat's back which is difficult for them to reach compared to the stomach, legs and other areas. The rat rubbed the wound so that the application of Aloe vera gel became less/ineffective. The limited time of this research makes this research must be completed within the specified time. View more View less No competing interests were disclosed. reply a concern keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports 0 Views copyright © 2022 Rusip G. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 01 Aug 2022 | for Version 2 Gusbakti Rusip, Department of Physiology, Faculty of 0 Views copyright © 2022 Rusip G.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: 25 (2013) 5336–5342. [19] C. Liu, Z. Yu, D. Neff, A. Zhamu, B. Z. Jang, Graphene-based supercapacitor with an ultrahigh energy density, Nano Lett. 10 (2010) 4863–4868. [20] H. Pan, J. Li, Y. P. Feng, Carbon nanotubes for supercapacitor, Nanoscale Res. Lett. 5 (2010) 654–668. [21] H. I. Becker, Patent Office, (1940). [22] M. Dinari, M. M. Momeni, M. Goudarzirad, Nanocomposite films of polyaniline/graphene quantum dots and its supercapacitor properties, Surf. Eng. 32 (2016) 535–540. [23] S. Zhang, L. Sui, H. Dong, W. He, L. Dong, L. Yu, High-performance supercapacitor of graphene quantum dots with uniform sizes, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10 (2018) 12983–12991. [24] S. Mondal, U. Rana, S. Malik, Graphene quantum dot-doped polyaniline nanofiber as high performance supercapacitor electrode materials, Chem. Commun. 51 (2015) 12365–12368. [25] K. Lee, H. Lee, Y. Shin, Y. Yoon, D. Kim, H. Lee, Highly transparent and flexible supercapacitors using graphene-graphene quantum dots chelate, 26 (2016) 746–754. [26] Q. Chen, Y. Hu, C. Hu, H. Cheng, Z. Zhang, H. Shao, L. Qu, Graphene quantum dots-three-dimensional graphene composites for high-performance supercapacitors, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16 (2014) 19307–19313. [27] Y. Hu, Y. Zhao, G. Lu, N. Chen, Z. Zhang, H. Li, H. Shao, L.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Improving gut microbiome health can eliminate all symptoms of anxiety without any other interventions. [SEP] Text: difficile, and is being explored for use in a variety of other diseases and disorders, including pathologies impacting brain health (Sorbara and Pamer, and Pamer2022). Fascinatingly, small-scale clinical trials have shown that FMT can alleviate symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease (Kuai et al. , and Zhou2021; Xue et al. , and Wang2020), although these studies are limited by small sample size. Furthermore, individual case studies have shown that FMT was sufficient to improve metrics of mobility in a patient with multiple sclerosis (Engen et al. , and Keshavarzian2020), and improve cognitive performance in two individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease who were administered FMT to treat their C. difficile infections (Hazan, Reference Hazan2020; Park et al. , and Choi2021). This evidence provides promise that FMT may offer a potential treatment option for patients suffering ageing-related neurological diseases. Still, clinical FMT presents safety, logistical and feasibility questions, especially when operating within a community that has a higher incidence of frailty and immunodeficiency (Marquez et al. , -Belaid, Eroglu, Mellert, Kuchel, Banchereau and Ucar2020). Therefore, although preclinical FMT studies have shown promise at improving brain health during ageing (Boehme, Guzzetta, Bastiaanssen et al. , Reference Boehme, Guzzetta, Bastiaanssen, van de Wouw, Moloney, Gual-Grau, Spichak, Olavarría-Ramírez, ’Leary, Dinan and Cryan2021; Mossad et al. , ämmermann, Prinz and Blank2021; Parker et al. , and Carding2022), it would be highly beneficial to develop alternative, less invasive and hazardous strategies to remodel the microbiome–gut–brain axis, which would allow physicians to move beyond faecal microbiota transplantation. are commonly administered to treat infections and antibiotic usage by elderly populations is rising substantially, making it critical to understand whether there are off-target negative or beneficial consequences to antibiotic usage in ageing. For instance, antibiotics can have off-target implications by harming beneficial microbes or resulting in the emergence of antibiotic resistance (Barbosa and Levy, and Levy2000).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses(0) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the 3. It would be easier to explain in the discussion section. In the discussion section, please explain clearly the bioactive compounds contained in Aloe vera other than glucomannan and acemannan. Are there other active ingredients? What do the authors mean treatment days 14 and 21? Describe the histopathological picture with figures 1,2 and 3. In the introduction and abstract, Aloe vera intervention changes macrophages, fibroblasts and increases bioactive compounds and their potential for healing functional burns. The conclusion states that it is a potential pharmaceutical product. Please be consistent. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? competing interests were disclosed. Physiology human, exercise, and much research-related use plants as herbal medicine I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. replyRespond to this report Responses (1) 10 Mar 2022 Pane, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Utara, Medan, 20155, really appreciate your willingness to review my manuscript. explain more information to improve understanding in this 10. 6084/m9. figshare. 17194973. v1) We used the ANOVA test because in this study we used more than two groups with parametric data types We have presented and correlated the changes that occur on days 3,14,21 in macrophages and fibroblasts that could be seen in Figures 1 and 2 and had been discussed in the discussion section.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Qu, Graphene quantum dots–carbon nanotube hybrid arrays for supercapacitors, Nanotechnology 24 (2013) 1-7. [28] A. B. Ganganboina, A. Dutta Chowdhury, R. A. Doong, New avenue for appendage of graphene quantum dots on halloysite nanotubes as anode materials for high performance supercapacitors, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 5 (2017) 4930–4940. [29] H. Jia, Y. Cai, J. Lin, H. Liang, J. Qi, J. Cao, J. Feng, W. D. Fei, Heterostructural graphene quantum dot/MnO2 nanosheets toward high-potential window electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors, Adv. Sci. 5 (2018) 1–10. [30] P. Dhar, S. S. Gaur, A. Kumar, V. Katiyar, Cellulose nanocrystal templated graphene nanoscrolls for high performance supercapacitors and hydrogen storage: An experimental and molecular simulation study, Sci. Rep. 8 (2018) 1–15. [31] Z. Xu, B. Zheng, J. Chen, C. Gao, Highly efficient synthesis of neat graphene nanoscrolls from graphene oxide by well-controlled lyophilization, Chem. Mater. 26 (2014) 6811–6818. [32] F. Zeng, Y. Kuang, Y. Wang, Z. Huang, C. Fu, H. Zhou, Facile preparation of high-quality graphene scrolls from graphite oxide by a microexplosion method, Adv. Mater. 23 (2011) 4929–4932. [33] and morphology tuning of graphene oxide nanoscrolls, Nanoscale. 8 (2016) 6783–6791. [34] B. Zheng, Z. Xu, C. Gao, Mass production of graphene nanoscrolls and their application in high rate performance supercapacitors, Nanoscale. 8 (2016) 1413–1420. [35] K. Mohanapriya, N.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Improving gut microbiome health can eliminate all symptoms of anxiety without any other interventions. [SEP] Text: Alternatively, antibiotics that eradicate a harmful gut microbe may be able to improve brain health, though this is largely unexplored. Furthermore, several orally administered antibiotics can leak from the gut, allowing them to act directly on other systems including the brain regardless of the microbiota–gut–brain axis. This is of higher concern in disease states where barrier function is known to be compromised (Nau et al. , Reference Nau, Sörgel and Eiffert2010). Compelling preclinical evidence demonstrates that antibiotics may be therapeutic for neurodegeneration when administered to rodent models of AD, as discussed earlier. While clinical evidence is largely lacking, one pilot, open-label trial involving 10 patients with mild to moderate probable AD dementia found that treatment with rifaximin (a minimally absorbed antibiotic) for 3 months significantly reduced neurofilament-light levels in the serum and modestly improved other serum markers for disease severity, although no improvements to cognition were observed in this timeframe (Suhocki et al. , Reference Suhocki, Ronald, Diehl, Murdoch and Doraiswamy2022). Interestingly, another study administering rifaximin to patients with cirrhosis and cognitive impairment found that rifaximin treatment improved working memory and inhibitory control, along with enhanced fronto-parietal and subcortical activation and connectivity (Ahluwalia et al. , and Bajaj2014). Nonetheless, antibiotics may not be the best treatment approach for multiple reasons, including their potential for triggering harmful neurotoxic side effects. For instance, broad-spectrum antibiotics may deplete beneficial symbiotic gut bacteria, which may be playing critical support roles to the brain during ageing. Several case reports have linked the consumption of antibiotics and high plasma levels of antibiotics with the onset of delirium in the elderly (Moore and O’Keeffe, and O’Keeffe1999; Schliamser et al. , Reference Schliamser, Cars and Norrby1991). Furthermore, one recent observational study involving over 14,000 women self-reporting their antibiotic use found associations between chronic antibiotic use during midlife with slightly reduced cognitive scores after a follow-up period of roughly 7 years (Mehta et al. , and Chan2022), although the type of antibiotic and the reason for chronic antibiotic use were not known.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: The leaf of aloe consists of three different parts, the outer green rind, the inner pulp and the in-between latex. The latex is a yellow liquid that exudates from the plant after cutting its leaves. The bitter taste and characteristic strong odor of aloe latex contribute to the organoleptic properties of aloe-based products. The latex contains a variety of phenolic compounds. The most abundant compounds are aloin A and its diastereoisomer aloin B. It was demonstrated that both aloins A and B, which belong to the class of anthrones, were responsible for the laxative effect of aloe vera [6]. Aloe emodin, an anthraquinone compound, is present in the latex of some aloe species in small amounts. Aloe emodin can be produced by oxidative cleavage of the glycoside linkage of both aloins during metabolism in the intestines. In particular, aloins A and B are converted by intestinal bacteria to aloe emodin, which acts synergistically to the purgative effect [7]. The concentrations of these bioactive compounds in the plant are affected by various parameters, such as the age of the plant, the climatic conditions and the position of the leaf [8, 9]. Different studies demonstrated that the seasonal variation and the position of the leaf had an important role in the concentration of secondary metabolites, which are present in the latex [10, 11]. The leaves are usually categorized into base, middle and upper leaves. The latter category, which involves the young leaves the ones that are vertical to the roots, has the highest concentrations of aloins A and B [11]. To the best of our knowledge, no study has, so far, been performed to evaluate each individual aloe leaf in order to determine the ones with the maximum concentration of laxative compounds. It has recently been reported a correlation between the aloe compounds with laxative action and toxicity in the intestine along with an increase in the risk of developing colon cancer [12, 13]. Therefore, these compounds have maximum allowable concentrations in food products. Council recommends that aloin in oral consumption products be less than 10 ppm. According, though to EU legislation 88/388/EEC, the aloin concentration must not exceed 0. 1 mg/kg in foodstuffs and beverages and 50 mg/kg in alcoholic beverages.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Jha, Fabrication of one dimensional graphene nanoscrolls for high performance supercapacitor application, Appl. Surf. Sci. 449 (2018) 461–467. [36] M. Yan, F. Wang, C. Han, X. Ma, X. Xu, Q. An, L. Xu, C. Niu, Y. Zhao, X. Tian, P. Hu, H. Wu, L. Mai, Nanowire templated semihollow bicontinuous graphene scrolls: Designed construction, mechanism, and enhanced energy storage performance, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 (2013) 18176–18182. [37] B. N. Zheng, C. Gao, Preparation of graphene nanoscroll/polyaniline composites and their use in high performance supercapacitors, Mater. 31 (2016) 315–320. [38] H. Cheng, C. Hu, Y. Zhao, L. Qu, Graphene fiber: A new material platform for unique applications, NPG Asia Mater. 6 (2014) e113-13. [39] Z. Xu, C. Gao, Graphene fiber: A new trend in carbon fibers, Mater. Today. 18 (2015) 480–492. [40] S. H. Aboutalebi, R. Jalili, D. Esrafilzadeh, M. Salari, Z. Gholamvand, S. Aminorroaya Yamini, K. Konstantinov, R. L. Shepherd, J. -performance multifunctional Graphene yarns: Toward wearable all-carbon energy storage textiles, ACS Nano 8 (2014) 2456–2466. [41] W. Cai, T. Lai, J. Lai, H. Xie, L. Ouyang, J. Ye, C. Yu, Transition metal sulfides grown on graphene fibers for wearable asymmetric supercapacitors with high volumetric capacitance and high energy density, Sci. Rep. 6 (2016) 1–9. [42] Q. Chen, Y. Meng, C. Hu, Y. Zhao, H. Shao, N. Chen, L.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Improving gut microbiome health can eliminate all symptoms of anxiety without any other interventions. [SEP] Text: These few clinical publications implicating antibiotic use and cognitive function are also confounded by the requirement of antibiotics to treat a specific health condition, rather than solely investigating their impact on brain health. Since it is unclear whether the harms of antibiotic use outweigh the potential benefits in individuals that are not actively battling a bacterial infection, and because antibiotic use supports the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the potential for antibiotics as a therapeutic for ageing-associated neurodegenerative diseases may be limited. Therefore, the development of novel antibiotics, such as engineered phages that could specifically eliminate individual identified pathogenic bacteria, could become valuable in treating conditions wherein specific pathogenic gut microbes are identified. is increasingly recognised that microbiome-host modulation through probiotics is a promising avenue to improve cognitive function in human ageing (Eastwood et al. , and Lamport2021). Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host (Hill et al. , and Sanders2014). Recent work by researchers in Japan has shown evidence that probiotics improve cognition in elderly with mild cognitive impairment. In a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, a group from Japan showed that a 4-month intervention with a Bifidobacterium breve strain could be an effective approach for improving memory functions of subjects with MCI showing improvements in various cognitive domains such as immediate, delayed and visuospatial memory (Xiao et al. , and Kaneko2020). Previously the same group investigated the effects of this strain on cognitive function of older adults with a range of memory complaints, and found that, once the cohort was stratified, this probiotic induced beneficial effects only in a sub-population with more severe mild cognitive impairment (Kobayashi et al. , Reference Kobayashi, Kuhara, Oki and Xiao2019). Intriguingly, new work from the group suggests that it may have an impact on age-related brain atrophy (Asaoka et al. , and Sato2022). In a Korean study, 12 weeks supplementation with Lactobacillus plantarum fermented soybean significantly improved a cognitive composite score which was predominantly driven by an improvement in attention in MCI subjects (Hwang et al. , and Chung2019).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: Authority (EFSA) has also set a daily maximum dosage restriction of 10 mg. However, there is no published official accredited method for the analysis of these compounds. Different analytical methods have, so far, been developed for the determination of aloin A, aloin B and aloe emodin in aloe plants and products. Gas chromatography (GC), thin layer chromatography (TLC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) are some of the most common reported techniques [14–16]. The most widely used technique though is high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) [7, 11, 17–19]. In comparison to other analytical methods, HPLC is easy to handle and cost-effective. Therefore, in this study, a simple HPLC method with a diode-array detector (DAD) has been developed and validated for the determination of aloin A, aloin B and aloe emodin in aloe vera plants, under different seasonal variation and cultivation conditions, as well as in aloe products obtained from the Cyprus market. Chemometric analysis is a sophisticated tool for the classification of samples according to different parameters. Mineral compositions, secondary metabolite profiles, UV and IR spectra data have, so far, been proposed as indicators for the classification of aloe vera gel and aloe-based products [20–24]. Chemometric methods, such as non-supervised Analysis (PCA) and supervised Analysis (PLS-DA) have been applied in order to compare the different growth periods of the plant and the size of aloe vera leaves [20, 21, 25, 26]. In several studies, chemometric tools have been utilized to evaluate the quality of Miller and aloe-based products [22–24]. Zhong et al. have reported the differentiation of aloe samples according to their seasonal variation through Analysis (HCA) [23]. To the best of our knowledge, no work has, so far, been performed to classify aloe plants according to their seasonal variation and plant cultivar, using the aloin content of aloe latex as the characteristic discriminating marker. The present study aimed to develop a simple and fast HPLC-DAD method for the simultaneous determination of compounds with purgative activity in both aloe latex and aloe-based products.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Qu, MnO2-modified hierarchical graphene fiber electrochemical supercapacitor, J. 247 (2014) 32–39. [43] K. Gopalsamy, Z. Xu, B. Zheng, T. Huang, L. Kou, X. Zhao, C. Gao, Bismuth oxide nanotubes-graphene fiber-based flexible supercapacitors, Nanoscale 6 (2014) 8595–8600. [44] L. Liu, Y. Yu, C. Yan, K. Li, Z. Zheng, Wearable energy-dense and power-dense supercapacitor yarns enabled by scalable graphene-metallic textile composite electrodes, Nat. Commun. 6 (2015) 1–9. [45] Q. Yang, Z. Xu, C. Gao, Graphene fiber based supercapacitors: Strategies and perspective toward high performances, J. Energy Chem. 27 (2018) 6–11. [46] M. D. Stoller, S. Park, Y. Zhu, J. An, R. S. Ruoff, Graphene-based ultracapacitors, Nano Lett. 8 (2008) 6–10. [47] L. L. Zhang, X. Zhao, M. D. Stoller, Y. Zhu, H. Ji, S. Murali, Y. Wu, S. Perales, B. Clevenger, R. S. Ruoff, Highly conductive and porous activated reduced graphene oxide films for high-power supercapacitors, Nano Lett. 12 (2012) 1806-1812. [48] G. Sun, J. Liu, X. Zhang, X. Wang, H. Li, Y. Yu, W. Huang, H. Zhang, P. Chen, Fabrication of ultralong hybrid microfibers from nanosheets of reduced graphene oxide and transition-metal dichalcogenides and their application as supercapacitors, Angew. Chemie Int. Ed. 53 (2014) 12576–12580. [49] Q. Li, X. Guo, Y. Zhang, W. Zhang, C. Ge, L. Zhao, X. Wang, H.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Improving gut microbiome health can eliminate all symptoms of anxiety without any other interventions. [SEP] Text: Compared to these, the first evidence in a Caucasian population showed efficacy in improving a cognitive composite score in elderly with MCI, with another strain in the Lactobacillus genus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (Sanborn et al. , Reference Sanborn, Azcarate-Peril, Updegraff, Manderino and Gunstad2020). Although these results are interesting, the design of the study demands caution. For example, the researchers were not blinded to the randomisation of the groups. The beneficial effects of L. rhamnosus GG could be mediated through immunomodulatory pathways (Hibberd et al. , -Aguilar and Snydman2014; Schultz et al. , and Scholmerich2003), which have been linked to poor cognitive performance in elderly (Baune et al. , and Berger2008; Trollor et al. , and Sachdev2010). In a small Japanese cohort, (Ueda et al. (and Yamada2021) observed a reduced relative abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in elderly with MCI compared to healthy individuals. By isolating two F. prausnitzii strains from the healthy elderly group, the authors improved cognitive impairments in mice concomitant with changes in genes related to oxidative stress and mitochondrial function (Ueda et al. , and Yamada2021). Notably, one of the F. prausnitzii strains was given in a pasteurised form suggesting that beneficial effects are not only restricted to live bacteria, which directly exert effects on the host but could be also mediated through effects elicited by extracellular membrane components or could act immunomodulatory. Another next generation probiotic besides F. prausnitzii, A. muciniphila, showed a similar phenomenon in a small RCT in humans exerting its positive effects on some metabolic parameters predominantly in its pasteurised form (Depommier et al. , -Silva, Falony, Raes, Maiter, Delzenne, de Barsy, Loumaye, Hermans, Thissen, de Vos and Cani2019). While there is currently no direct clinical evidence that Akkermansia improves cognition in elderly people, the possibility that A.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: In this study, the aloin content of Aloe plants, grown under different conditions, was investigated, and the analysis was performed οn each leaf individually. Through the chemometric approach, the classification of aloe plants was achieved based on their seasonal variation and plant cultivation, using the laxative compounds of aloe latex as chemical markers. 2. Experimental 2. 1. Chemicals and grade standards of aloin A, aloin B and aloe emodin were purchased from ChromaDex (). The HPLC-grade acetonitrile (ACN) (LiChrosolv) was from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) and methanol (MeOH) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). Deionized water and ACN were filtered through a 0. 45-µm membrane filter (Milipore, Cork, Ireland) under vacuum and sonicated for 30 minutes, prior to use. 2. 2. and plants were kindly supplied by (Ormideia, Cyprus). For comparison purposes, the plants were cultivated either in soil at Ormideia, Cyprus or in a medium-size pot at the University of Cyprus in Nicosia, Cyprus. All of the plants had the same age and approximately the same size. Soil and irrigation conditions were the same for all plants. The plants consisted of 10–15 leaves, which were used for the quantitation of aloin A, aloin B and aloe emodin. Starting from the base of the plant (leaf number 1) and reaching the top (leaves number 10–15), each leaf was cut off in order to drip and collect the latex. The eighteen aloe vera plants were categorized into six groups, depending on the cultivation and seasonal variation, along with plant condition [Group 1: cultivation in soil, harvest in summer (plants #1–3); Group 2: cultivation in soil, harvest in winter (plants #4–6); Group 3: cultivation in pot, harvest in summer (plants #7–9); Group 4: cultivation in pot, harvest in winter (plants #10–12); Group 5: cultivation in pot, harvest in winter, indoor cultivation (plants #13–15); Group 6: cultivation in pot, plants under stress (plants #16–18)]. Determination of compounds in the plant offshoots was also studied.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Zhang, J. Chen, Z. Wang, L. Sun, Porous graphene paper for supercapacitor applications, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 33 (2017) 793–799. [50] S. Gan, L. Zhong, T. Wu, D. Han, J. Zhang, J. Ulstrup, Q. Chi, L. Niu, Spontaneous and fast growth of large-area graphene nanofilms facilitated by oil/water interfaces, Adv. Mater. 24 (2012) 3958–3964. [51] G. Wallace, R. B. Kaner, M. Muller, S. Gilje, D. Li, Processable aqueous dispersions of graphene nanosheets, Nat. Nanotechnol. 3 (2008) 101–105. [52] F. Gu, H. Shin, C. -by-layer doping of few-layer graphene film, ACS Nano 4 (2010) 4595–4600. 10. 1021/nn1008808 [53] A. Davies, P. Audette, B. Farrow, F. Hassan, Z. Chen, J. Y. Choi, A. Yu, Graphene-based flexible supercapacitors: Pulse-electropolymerization of polypyrrole on free-standing graphene films, J. Phys. Chem. C. 115 (2011) 17612–17620. [54] S. Bose, T. Kuila, A. K. Mishra, R. -based nanostructured materials and their composites as supercapacitor electrodes, J. Mater. Chem. 22 (2012) 767–784. [55] -dimensional, one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional nanostructured materials for advanced electrochemical energy devices, Prog. Mater. Sci. 57 (2012) 724–803. [56] H. Jiang, P. S. Lee, C. Li, 3D Carbon based nanostructures for advanced supercapacitors, Energy Environ. Sci. 6 (2013) 41–53. [57] L. Liu, Z. Niu, J.

Output: corroborate