Input: Claim: All behaviors can be understood solely through neural circuitry. [SEP] Text: As a means of eliciting emotional conflict in a naturalistic, ecologically valid manner, the S-R incompatibility elicited through facial expression-based responding has the potential to be exploited in a similar variety of experimental manipulations, contributing to our knowledge of the behavioural and neural mechanisms underlying emotional conflict processing. It is our hope that this technique may provide one direction by which investigations of emotional conflict may approach the rigor and sophistication of similar research within the more traditional realm of cognitive control. Supporting InformationFigure S1. (a) Error rates and (b) response onset times measured via EMG in the Emotion AX-CPT, from Chiew & Braver (2010), as a function of Condition (Emotion vs. Neutral) and Conflict (high vs. low). Table S1. Centres of mass for cognitive control network (CCN) regions of interest (ROIs) used to mask the neuroimaging data. Table S2. Coordinates for hand-drawn emotion/reward-related (EMO) regions of interest (ROIs) used to mask the neuroimaging data. Table S3. Activity in areas defined by task conflict (high > low conflict) within anatomically defined ROIs with discernable errors eliminated, and comparable areas with all trials included (from Table 1). Text S1. Author ContributionsConceived and designed the experiments:. Performed the experiments: KSC. Analyzed the data:. Wrote the paper:. 1. (2001) Differential attentional guidance by unattended faces expressing positive and negative emotion. 63: 1004–1013. View 2. (2001) Emotion drives attention: detecting the snake in the grass. J Gen 130: 466–478. View 3. (2001) Conflict monitoring and cognitive control. 108: 624–652. View 4. Stroop JR (1935) Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. J Gen 18: 643–662. View 5. (1990) Dimensional overlap: cognitive basis for stimulus-response compatibility–a model and taxonomy. 97: 253–270. View 6. Braver TS, (2007) Neural mechanisms of cognitive control in cued task-switching: rules, representations, and preparation. In: editors. Neuroscience of rule-guided behavior. Oxford: Press. 282. 7.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some biohackers use nootropics or supplements to enhance cognitive function and memory. [SEP] Text: Currently, more than 55 million people worldwide are affected by dementia, and nearly 10 million new patients are diagnosed with dementia every year [1]. Dementia leads to deterioration in multiple domains of cognitive function, including orientation, memory, language, attention, and visuospatial construction. To date, no curative drugs for dementia have been widely implemented in clinical practice, and most clinicians still consider cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) as the first line of pharmacological treatment for cognitive deficits in dementia [2, 3]. Nootropics, which were originally described as compounds with similar pharmacology to piracetam, are now generally accepted as any and all compounds that are expected to improve learning and memory in experimental and clinical paradigms [4]. In Korea, apart from the general over-the-counter supplements, there are certain nootropics that need prescriptions for use; among those most frequently prescribed are choline alfoscerate, ginkgo biloba extract, acetyl-L-carnitine, nicergoline, and oxiracetam. Many clinicians often prefer concomitant use of ChEIs with nootropics, based on fragmentary evidence that augmentation could have certain clinical benefits [5, 6]. In fact, the clinical benefits of nootropics in the treatment of cognitive decline are either limited or controversial, with some studies showing improvements in cognitive function with choline alfoscerate [7–9], ginkgo biloba extract [10, 11], acetyl-L-carnitine [6, 12], and nicergoline [13, 14], while other studies demonstrated no clinical benefits of such nootropics [15–18]. Although nootropics alone may not significantly improve cognitive function, nootropics in combination with ChEIs may enhance cholinergic neurotransmission, neurogenesis, and microperfusion in the frontal lobe, hippocampus, and striatum, ultimately delaying cognitive decline in dementia, especially in those with mild-to-moderate disease severity [19–21]. This study aimed to elucidate whether the concomitant use of nootropics with ChEIs is effective in the treatment of cognitive impairment in patients with dementia.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Edible insects are completely allergen-free and safe for everyone to eat. [SEP] Text: While it is unlikely that a new protein will elicit an allergic reaction in a large proportion of the population, a comparison of the properties of any new proteins in the with those of known allergens may prove valuable in assessing the likelihood that the new protein will express allergenic potential. Potential cross-reactivity can be analysed by homology searches, i. e. , the comparison of the protein chemical structure with a dataset of sequences of known allergens, and serological testing such as immunoblotting. Once novel proteins are introduced in the diet, however, their capability to cause de novo sensitisation is difficult to analyse. Footnote 32A consensus protocol for determining the allergenicity of is still lacking. However, current approaches are based on weight-of-evidence. Footnote 33 A sound evaluation of the history of use of the protein (or the source material containing the protein), also in relation to the specific environmental and geographical factors, is of upmost importance. A taxonomical analysis of the source organism (i. e. , plants, microorganisms, or animals) may reveal a relationship with sources of known allergens, thus indicating potential allergens. This can be also supported by the structural characterization of the protein and its comparison to known allergens. In addition, the IgE-binding capacity of the should be tested using human sera from allergic patients to check possible cross-reactivity or following a primary sensitisation. When an IgE-binding protein is identified, its biological activity should be carefully assessed so as to clarify whether it could activate an immunologic response. As a complementary strategy, protein thermal stability and its resistance to enzymatic digestion should be also considered. Footnote 34,Footnote 354 to guidance documentFootnote 36 provides suggestions for which tests can be used to evaluate the kinetic, toxicological, and allergenic properties of the Novel Food, as well as its chemical characterization. Suggested methodologies are usually based on well-established approaches with a large consensus within the scientific community. However, a range of novel methods based on cutting edge technologies—with high potential to improve the chemical and toxicological characterization of a food—are becoming available to the scientific community. Among them, in silico modelling and omics technologies are already considered by the EU animal welfare Directive.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: All behaviors can be understood solely through neural circuitry. [SEP] Text: Cole MW, (2007) The cognitive control network: Integrated cortical regions with dissociable functions. Neuroimage 37: 343–360. View 8. (2005) N-back working memory paradigm: a meta-analysis of normative functional neuroimaging studies. Mapp 25: 46–59. View 9. (2003) Neuroimaging studies of working memory: a meta-analysis. 3: 255–274. View 10. (2004) Conflict monitoring and anterior cingulate cortex: an update. Sci 8: 539–546. View 11. 3rd, (2004) Anterior cingulate conflict monitoring and adjustments in control. Science 303: 1023–1026. View 12. Carter CS, van (2007) Anterior cingulate cortex and conflict detection: an update of theory and data. 7: 367–379. View 13. (1998) Anterior cingulate cortex, error detection, and the online monitoring of performance. Science 280: 747–749. View 14. (2010) Using the Stroop task to study emotion regulation. In: editors. in Society, Mind, and Brain. Oxford: Press. 113. 15. (2006) Interference produced by emotional conflict associated with anterior cingulate activation. 6: 152–156. View 16. (2008) Dissociable neural systems resolve conflict from emotional versus nonemotional distracters. 18: 1475–1484. View 17. (2008) Supporting the Control of Affective and Cognitive Conflicts. J Cogn Neurosci. View 18. (2008) Controlling emotional expression: behavioral and neural correlates of nonimitative emotional responses. 18: 104–113. View 19. Mathews A, Mac(1985) Selective processing of threat cues in anxiety states. Ther 23: 563–569. View 20. (2006) Lexical characteristics of words used in emotional Stroop experiments. Emotion 6: 62–72. View 21. (2004) A rational look at the emotional stroop phenomenon: a generic slowdown, not a stroop effect. J Gen 133: 323–338. View 22. (2006) Resolving emotional conflict: a role for the rostral anterior cingulate cortex in modulating activity in the amygdala. Neuron 51: 871–882. View 23.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some biohackers use nootropics or supplements to enhance cognitive function and memory. [SEP] Text: We hypothesized that dementia patients treated with both ChEIs and nootropics would show less deterioration in cognitive function as assessed by mini-mental state examination (MMSE) over a 1-year follow-up period compared to dementia patients treated with ChEIs only. We further hypothesized that this trend would be more evident in the neurodegenerative forms of dementia, particularly Alzheimer’s dementia. population The present study aimed to observe the effectiveness of the concomitant administration of nootropics with ChEIs for the treatment of cognitive deficits in patients with dementia. Data were collected and extracted via the clinical data warehouse of a university health system consisting of three general hospitals with 4,050 beds in total. Patients with any diagnosis of dementia, defined according to the Classification of Disease and Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) diagnostic codes F00, F01, F02, F03, F10. 7, G23. 1, G30, G31. 0, G31. 1, and G31. 8, between the ages of 60 and 89 years were selected. We extracted all diagnostic codes of the patients regardless of whether they were the main or sub-diagnoses. After screening the entire prescription histories registered on the clinical data warehouse, which was over 7 years of record, only the patients who had their first ChEI prescription between 2012 and 2015 were included in the study. Subjects were further narrowed down to only those with mild-to-moderate dementia, as defined by their baseline MMSE total scores from 10 to 26 (n = 583) (Fig. 1). Subjects were categorized into the ChEI only group (n = 410) and the ChEI and nootropics combination group (n = 173). Subjects in the ChEI and nootropics combination group were prescribed at least one of the following nootropics during the follow-up period: choline alfoscerate, ginkgo biloba extract, acetyl-L-carnitine, nicergoline, and oxiracetam. MMSE total scores and its six-subscale scores (orientation, immediate recall, attention and calculation, delayed recall, language, and visuospatial construction) were collected at the baseline (within 30 days of the first ChEI prescription of ChEI) and at the endpoint (300–400 days after the first ChEI prescription), respectively.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Edible insects are completely allergen-free and safe for everyone to eat. [SEP] Text: Footnote 37 The integration of in vitro and in silico methods to evaluate the biological activity of certain food components is widely suggested in the recent literature, especially to refine the identification of potential biological targets and reduce the number of animal experiments. Footnote 38,Footnote 39,Footnote 40 Computational methods based on quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis,Footnote 41 physiologically based toxicokinetic modelling (PBTK),Footnote 42 and the Threshold of (TTC)Footnote 43 have recently been included in EFSA guidance documents, attesting to the great potential for their exploitation in risk assessment. Footnote 44 These alternative methods take advantage of the computational calculation available in the “big data” era, allowing for the high throughput safety evaluation of large batches of chemicals. Although animal studies cannot be completely replaced by computational modelling, such alternative methods may provide a prioritization criterion, thus contributing to the identification of the main biological targets and endpoints to be further tested. In the end, this may lead to a significant reduction in animal testing, as well as reducing the cost and effort required for toxicological studies. The combination of data from in vitro toxicity experiments, ADME data, in silico experiments, and in vivo dose-response curves may represent an innovative pipeline to reduce or replace tests with experimental animals while providing a robust risk assessment; the main limitation is so far still represented by the difficulty of the in vitro–in vivo extrapolation of toxicological data. The integration of system biology and toxicogenomics is also increasingly gaining interest in risk assessment work, although the lack of consensus workflow is constraining the wide uptake of such methodologies into general risk assessment processes. Footnote 45 Once the predictive capacity of these methodologies is improved and consensus workflows are available for the scientific community, the inclusion of alternative methods into the current risk assessment procedure will pave the road to more informed and thorough safety and nutritional assessment. Footnote 465 of Novel FoodInsects are probably among the most controversial in terms of consumer perception. While their relevance for sustainability from a circular economy perspective is undeniable,Footnote 47 their acceptance as food or food ingredients among consumers is low, also due to the wide use of misleading and disgust-provoking images in social media communication campaigns. Footnote 48Three insect species have been approved as so far, namely Tenebrio molitor larva,Footnote 49 Locusta migratoria,Footnote 50 and Acheta domesticus.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: All behaviors can be understood solely through neural circuitry. [SEP] Text: View 38. (2006) Altering expectancy dampens neural response to aversive taste in primary taste cortex. 9: 435–442. View 39. O'(2003) Dissociating valence of outcome from behavioral control in human orbital and ventral prefrontal cortices. J Neurosci 23: 7931–7939. View 40. O' (2004) Dissociable roles of ventral and dorsal striatum in instrumental conditioning. Science 304: 452–454. View 41. (1998) The emotional counting Stroop paradigm: a functional magnetic resonance imaging probe of the anterior cingulate affective division. 44: 1219–1228. View 42. (2001) Cluster size thresholds for assessment of significant activation in fMRI. Neuroimage 13: S198. View 43. (1995) Improved assessment of significant activation in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI): use of a cluster-size threshold. Med 33: 636–647. View 44. Ward DB (2000) Simultaneous inference for MRI data. 45. (2000) Cognitive and emotional influences in anterior cingulate cortex. Sci 4: 215–222. View 46. MacDonald AW 3rd, Carter CS (2003) Event-related FMRI study of context processing in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia. J 112: 689–697. View 47. (2008) Cognitive control, goal maintenance, and prefrontal function in healthy aging. 18: 1010–1028. View 48. (2007) Anticipation of conflict monitoring in the anterior cingulate cortex and the prefrontal cortex. 104: 10330–10334. View 49. (2003) Paying attention to emotion: an fMRI investigation of cognitive and emotional stroop tasks. 3: 81–96. View 50. On emotional conflict: interference resolution of happy and angry prosody reveals valence-specific effects. 20: 383–392. View 51. Dolcos F, Mc(2006) Brain systems mediating cognitive interference by emotional distraction. J Neurosci 26: 2072–2079. View 52. (2002) Rethinking feelings: an FMRI study of the cognitive regulation of emotion. J 14: 1215–1229. View 53. (2006) Individual differences in amygdala activity predict response speed during working memory. J Neurosci 26: 10120–10128. View 54.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some biohackers use nootropics or supplements to enhance cognitive function and memory. [SEP] Text: 009), while in the vascular dementia subjects, the ChEI and nootropics combination group showed a significantly less deterioration in the MMSE attention and calculation subscale score compared to the ChEI only group, with a significant treatment-by-time interaction (-0. 59 for the ChEI only group and 0. 06 for the ChEI and nootropics combination group; F = 4. 44, p = 0. 038). None of the six-subscale scores showed any significant treatment-by-time interaction in the other dementia patients. (Table 4 inserted here) For highly-adherent Alzheimer’s dementia patients, the MMSE language subscale score consistently revealed a significant treatment-by-time interaction, showing favorable results for the ChEI and nootropics combination group (-0. 38 for the ChEI only group and 0. 12 for the ChEI and nootropics combination group; F = 10. 16, p = 0. 002) (Table 4). Apart from the language subscale score, a linear mixed-effects model with the MMSE visuospatial construction subscale score as the dependent variable also showed a significant treatment-by-time interaction (-0. 06 for the ChEI only group and 0. 06 for the ChEI and nootropics combination group; F = 4. 00, p = 0. 046) (Table 4). Subgroup analysis within the ChEI and nootropics combination group in Alzheimer’s dementia: choline alfoscerate vs. ginkgo biloba extract vs. other nootropics When the three types of nootropics within the ChEI and nootropics combination group of the Alzheimer’s dementia subjects were compared, choline alfoscerate and ginkgo biloba extract combination with ChEI showed significantly less declines in the MMSE total scores (p = 0. 006) compared to other nootropics combination (-0. 28 for the choline alfoscerate group, -0. 51 for the ginkgo biloba extract group, -2. 81 for the other nootropics group) (2). Highly significant between-group differences, in favor of the choline alfoscerate combination and the ginkgo biloba extract combination, were shown in the MMSE language subscale score (p = 0.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: More recently another informant made a detailed assessment of coworking spaces based on four years’ experience: On days I don’t have motivation, going into the coworking space forces me to step up, and seeing people working and being busy is helpful. It’s so important to have a nice desk, and ergonomic chair, good lighting, plugs in the right places and access to good coffee. (Informant 9, 2019) Several informants confided that although they were glad to escape from their old jobs, they missed some of the disciplining routines, evoking David Graeber’s analysis that it is possible to simultaneously loathe and find comfort in the rules and bureaucracies that surround us (Graeber 2016, p. 149). One informant confessed to feeling a ‘separation anxiety’ from their old job. Again, normative work practices cast a shadow that can be hard to avoid—particularly during periods of self-doubt—and these re-enactments are more likely to occur if someone has a long history of working in an office. As one informant wearily explained after a year travelling: My parents lived their whole lives by the rules of 9 to 5. It's hard to forget that history and sometimes I feel guilty and weird if I don't have enough structure. Who knows where that comes from (Informant 8, 2018) So although digital nomads attempt to create personalised work routines, the gravitational pull and institutional power of what some informants call ‘the traditional office’, or the ‘rules of 9 to 5’, can be hard to escape. Going into the coworking space every day can be a grounding and disciplining performance. One informant explained, ‘I’m not always working when I go in, but it makes me feel more grounded, sometimes it’s a matter of “fake it until you make it”, but it took me a few years to work this out' (Informant 1, 2019). Work practices that appear to blend self-imposed routines with the aid of external infrastructures (e. g. coworking spaces), whilst paradoxically rejecting the ‘rules of 9 to 5’, demonstrate that the work routines and the need for structure are not so easily evaded.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Modern encryption methods are critical for online security. [SEP] Text: Search loading subjects. . . Ebook: Methods for in Infrastructures loading. . . for Peace and - D: Information and Published 2024 Daponte, Maciej Klósak, 978-1-64368-525-0 (print) | 978-1-64368-526-7 (online) infrastructures are fundamental to the working of societies and economies. They play a crucial role in supply, with 90% of commercial trade exchanges carried out worldwide handled by the maritime industry, in the functioning of the economy, the maintenance of mobility and the deployment of renewable energies. For the past decade, the attention of developed democratic nations has been focused on the protection of vital terrestrial objects, but less attention has been paid to critical maritime infrastructures and the need to increase their resilience. This book, Methods for in Infrastructures, presents 23 papers delivered at the (ATC) hosted in hybrid format from 15-20 January 2024 in Agadir, Morocco. The aim of the ATC was to cover the problem of monitoring critical maritime infrastructure in an interdisciplinary manner, and it was attended by researchers and students, security officers, stakeholders, and experts in tackling terrorism or other violent threats. The ATC was divided into 4 blocks: general aspects of strengthening the resilience of maritime critical infrastructure; unmanned systems (USs) and sensor network technology; monitoring, data analysis and structural modeling; and cybersecurity and protection of IT maritime infrastructures. There was also one practical session. The book covers many ways in which unmanned systems, sensor networks and other digital technologies can be used to monitor threats to maritime critical infrastructure, and will be of interest to all those working in the field. ↓ more↑ less $171. 00 €155. 00 £139. 00Add PDF to cart Order hardcopy Contents «‹12›» Pages i - xii This book, Methods for in Infrastructures, presents 23 papers delivered at the (ATC) hosted in Agadir, Morocco, and held in hybrid format from 15–20 January 2024. The workshop was attended by 23 speakers (21 in person), and 41 attendees all of them present. proved to be a wonderful experience for many who attended it. There were speakers and attendees from 12 countries, all seeking modern technologies to enable innovative methods for maritime monitoring and the strengthening of resilience in maritime critical infrastructures.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some biohackers use nootropics or supplements to enhance cognitive function and memory. [SEP] Text: 001) as well (0. 22 for the choline alfoscerate group, 0. 26 for the ginkgo biloba group, -0. 95 for the other nootropics group) (2). DiscussionOur study findings suggest that the effectiveness of nootropics combination with ChEI may be different according to the type of dementia. The difference in change in the MMSE total scores from baseline to endpoint between the ChEI only group and the ChEI and nootropics combination group was not evident, but the results implied a positive impact of ChEI augmentation with nootropics on some domains of cognitive function in certain types of dementia, particularly Alzheimer’s dementia. The impact of nootropics augmentation on ChEI in Alzheimer’s dementia was consistently depicted on the language domain after consideration of medical adherence and nootropics type. Previous studies on nootropics revealed nootropics to have minimal, if any, effects on the prevention of cognitive decline. Most studies were either examined over a relatively short follow-up time or conducted with a limited number of subjects, and many of them focused on nootropic monotherapy rather than concomitant use with ChEI [6, 9, 10, 17, 23–25]. This study aimed to compare the nootropics and ChEI combination with ChEI monotherapy in an attempt to validate the effectiveness of nootropics in association with ChEI. We examined the change in not only MMSE total scores but also in its six subscale scores over a long period of exposure (300–400 days after the first prescription), which was considered long enough to elucidate the effect of the ChEI and nootropics combination. We categorized the subjects by dementia types in order to clarify the impact of nootropics combination in each type of dementia separately, and mainly focused on Alzheimer’s dementia, which is the most common neurodegenerative form of dementia. We did not limit nootropics to only one type of drug, but included multiple types of nootropics that are most frequently prescribed by clinicians in Korea, to speculate the effectiveness of different types of nootropics, particularly focusing on the two drugs that were most commonly used: choline alfoscerate and ginkgo biloba extract.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: Scholars are increasingly noticing that location-dependent remote workers and office-based workers are finding it hard to keep work at bay (Mazmanian et al. 2013; Mazmanian 2018; Wajcman 2018a). So, if office workers, who are also regulated by the presence (and needs) of friends and family, struggle to create downtime it is unsurprising this separating task is even more intense for digital nomads. Indeed, this paradoxical relationship between work and leisure shows digital nomads are spending an increasing amount of time and labour separating work and leisure, and that external help and assistance is often required to help them manage this separation. 3. 6 The external regulating discipline of social interaction and communitySome coworking spaces were aware of this sense of isolation and would offer communal movie or video gaming evenings. As one coworking space owner explained, ‘We’re not just an office, we provide a community, and have a community manager’ (Interview with coworking space manager 2018). Another commonplace event that frequently occurred during the research was the communal lunch, which was implemented to ‘encourage members to move away from the screens and interact with each other’ (Interview with community manager 2016). These type of community lunches were met with varying degrees of success, as one community manager told me: ‘People are here to work. We try to get them to create a work/life balance, but when people work on their own, they forget to stop working’ (2016). Some coworking spaces actively encouraged these types of community lunches whereas others let them lapse. It was generally agreed that delineating between work and leisure is much harder when travelling alone and more manageable when travelling as a couple. Social interaction, even within a couple, can produce regulating and disciplining effects for digital nomads which confirms the analysis that the workplace can play an important social function (Rosen 1988, 2000). There were two married couples in the study and both successfully managed a clear delineation between work and leisure time. Interestingly, both couples used coworking spaces less frequently than the majority of single nomads in the study. However, due to mainly working from their rented apartment or Airbnb, they needed to be disciplined about leaving the home, ensuring they went out for meals, walks and exercise. Both couples explained that they mainly used coworking spaces as a way of breaking up the working week and to avoid becoming too isolated.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Modern encryption methods are critical for online security. [SEP] Text: The ATC focused on an interdisciplinary approach to monitoring and protecting critical maritime infrastructures and increasing their resilience. Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine has brought new risks, with both physical and cyber-attacks, often combined as a hybrid threat. The sabotage of the gas pipeline, together with other recent incidents, has made it clear that the resilience of critical infrastructure is under threat. Whether the target be pipelines, transport routes or undersea cables, a disruption in one country can have a cascading effect, with ramifications for other countries. Action is urgently needed to increase the capacity of NATO Countries to protect themselves against attacks on critical infrastructure, both in the EU and its direct neighborhood. are closely interconnected and interdependent, which, although it makes them stronger and more efficient, also renders them more vulnerable in the event of an incident. have a particular role to play with respect to infrastructures that cross borders or provide cross-border services, thus impacting the interests of several. The importance of the subsea data cables that transport most of our data and are critical for global communication and the digital economy is an example of these cross-border services, and should be highlighted. Clear identification of such infrastructure and the entities operating them, together with a collective commitment to protect them, is in the interest of all NATO Countries. Legal frameworks, such as Document 52022DC0551 -Proposal for a on a coordinated approach by the Union to strengthen the resilience of critical infrastructure, COM/2022/551 final, for the protection of critical infrastructure elements have gradually been developed in European Countries, but are still missing in other, mainly non-EU, countries. For the past decade, the attention of the developed democratic nations has been focused on the protection of vital objects, with science and research gradually focusing more attention on security and critical infrastructure protection. Less attention has been paid to critical maritime infrastructures and the need to increase their resilience. Maritime infrastructures are ‘critical’ because they are fundamental to the working of societies and economies. They play a crucial role in supply, in the functioning of the economy, the maintenance of mobility and the deployment of renewable energies. They are so deeply inscribed that most of the time they are invisible and are designed to function without raising any attention. Since they exist in the background, receiving little scrutiny, they are also particularly vulnerable.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some biohackers use nootropics or supplements to enhance cognitive function and memory. [SEP] Text: Choline alfoscerate is a derivative of phosphatidylcholine that enhances cholinergic transmission by upregulating acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis or release in the hippocampus [26, 27]; and thus, it ultimately facilitates learning and memory and decreases age-dependent structural changes, as seen in the frontal cortices and hippocampi of rats [7, 28]. Previous studies reported that the combination of choline alfoscerate with ChEI significantly increased ACh concentrations and prevented volume loss in the frontal and temporal lobe, hippocampus, and striatum in both rats [29] and in Alzheimer’s dementia patients [21]. One study also showed that choline alfoscerate increased hippocampal neurogenesis and provided protection against seizure-induced neuronal death and cognitive impairment [30]. A study on the supplementary effect of choline alfoscerate on speech detection and recognition among hearing aid users revealed that in the aging brain, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation in the medial geniculate body decreases, which contributes to deterioration in speech recognition and comprehension; and in such cases, choline precursor supplements could improve language functioning [31]. Ginkgo biloba extract, on the other hand, is hypothesized to enhance amyloid β-induced hippocampal neuron dysfunction and death, amyloid β aggregation, and neurogenesis [32–34], and induce a significant decrease in the density of β-adrenoreceptors in the frontal cortex and hippocampus [35]. Studies have shown that the hippocampus is closely associated with language production and verbal communication, either by contributing semantic memory to spoken language, processing the mismatch between the expected sensory consequences of speaking and perceived speech feedback, or via coupling between the hippocampal/supplementary motor area and the auditory cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and cerebellum [31, 36]. These findings all suggest that nootropics, such as choline alfoscerate and ginkgo biloba extract, may enhance the cholinergic pathway in brain areas including the hippocampus, frontal lobes, and auditory cortex, which are critical in language processing and utilization, and enhance language function in association with ChEI administration. Language function is not only highly sensitive in detecting cognitive impairment in older age groups [37], but is also a biological marker that differentiates Alzheimer’s dementia from normal aging [38].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: The effort put into creating and managing this work and leisure separation is noteworthy given that digital nomads choose to work in locations associated with tourism and leisure. As we have seen, digital nomads start out attempting to collapse work/leisure distinctions so they can experience more leisure time but often end up labouring hard to compartmentalise work and leisure so that work doesn’t take over completely. When talking about digital nomad freedom, it might be instructive to propose a particular type of freedom that is tightly interrelated with efficient time use—a disciplined kind of freedom that is quite different to the kind of freedom involved in whiling away time in an unstructured or ‘wasteful’ way (Thompson 1967, p. 97). Perhaps this might also be seen as an upgraded expression of Max Weber’s Protestant work ethic, in particular an update on a self-disciplined ascetic devotion to work (Weber and Swedberg 2009). Embracing discipline in its many forms is also a basic requirement if self-described digital nomads wish to experience a work/life balance, or indeed any sense of self-determined control and freedom over their everyday lives. Freedom, it seems, requires effort and hard work, and all this required work contrasts with the public image of digital nomadism, particularly the laptop on the beach trope so often used to convey the ideal of freedom. 6 clarified, ‘it’s impossible to see anything on a laptop in direct sunlight, and no one is ever going to put an expensive Macbook anywhere near sand or water! ’ Digital nomads might start out attempting to achieve a subjective form of freedom that successfully blends work, travel and leisure; however, it appears that they end up experiencing a different form of subjective freedom which combines work, travel and discipline. 4 Conclusionsargued that there is a longitudinal research gap in digital nomad studies, and in particular that the ‘long-term developments… and also the psychological, socio-psychological and social factors and impacts of this lifestyle’ need to be studied (Reichenberger 2017, p. 15). This paper begins to engage with these gaps and, by researching the daily work practices of digital nomads over a four-year period, shows how personal trajectories develop and alter over time. This research, with sixteen informants, is exploratory and findings should be viewed as preliminary.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Modern encryption methods are critical for online security. [SEP] Text: It is worth noting that the maritime industry accounts for 90% of commercial trade exchanges carried out worldwide, whereby the supply chains of the main production sectors are heavily dependent on it. This maritime sector, as a vital part of the global economy, must therefore be protected from threats and cyber attacks. A single incident could lead to a major environmental or economic disaster, possibly even one capable of causing loss of life. The maritime sector is now in the process of adapting to the new technological environment demanded by information technologies and is integrating operational technology with the aim of optimizing management processes. In 2017, the shipping company faced an attack of the Petya virus, which temporarily limited its commercial and logistical operations, damaging not only the company’s reservation system and slowing container tracking, but also causing congestion in 76 ports operated by its subsidiary, APM Terminals, around the world. There are more than 50,000 merchant ships operating internationally transporting all types of cargo. These ships must berth in critical infrastructures such as ports, platforms, refineries, pipelines, power stations, etc. in order to carry out their usual operations. Due to the exceptional growth of container shipping, ports have become one of the most important links in the logistics chain in recent years. the possible illicit activities of cybercrime or cyber terrorism in these CIs can affect the economic and institutional activities of the countries involved, and are always the cause of losses to multiple economic actors, due to the collapse of processes and services. The in-service monitoring of ports may involve several aspects, depending on the type of port and the target of the monitoring. The specification for in-service monitoring is because in many cases, monitoring during construction is aimed at optimizing the design/construction process. The construction of large ports usually takes several years to complete and may involve settlement of the seabed, erosion by waves and streams, tilting of caissons etc. It requires a large number of topographic and bathymetric surveys. In-service monitoring on the other hand can be aimed at: (i) improving knowledge of the site or monitoring the effects of the structure on the environment; (ii) validating design hypotheses or applicable standards; and (iii) serving as a basis for maintenance operations. The design of such a monitoring system should be addressed at acquiring information able to characterize the state of the entire structure.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some biohackers use nootropics or supplements to enhance cognitive function and memory. [SEP] Text: To our knowledge, this study is the first to elucidate the effect of nootropics co-administered with ChEIs on the attenuation of language domain deterioration in Alzheimer’s dementia using clinical data. The possible effect of nootropics on delaying the deterioration of language function may be of great value, considering the association between cognitive decline and language function in the aging population and dementia patients. The strength of this study lies in the methodological aspects of real-world data utilization. Many studies in Korea are actively conducted using the national claims database in an attempt to perform large-scale research [39]. However, imperative baseline characteristics of each patient, including medical histories, medications, and laboratory findings, are missing when using the national claims databases. On the other hand, the clinical data warehouse from our university healthcare system is a composition of each patient’s clinical and demographic data. In this study, we were able to extract and collect critical information regarding each patient’s clinical and demographic backgrounds such as, but not limited to, the education level and BMI, specific MMSE subscale scores, and detailed dementia diagnosis. As a result, we were able to make corrections for many variables that could have affected the MMSE results, including other relevant diagnoses and medical history, such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus, Parkinsonism, and visual/hearing loss. Furthermore, this study is meaningful in that until now, there have only been a few, if any, studies on the effect of nootropics on ChEI efficacy outside of the only actively researched country, Italy [19, 20, 40]. The study had some limitations. Due to its retrospective nature, we were not able to control the treatment settings in terms of medication dosage, treatment duration, the overlapping periods of concomitant nootropic and ChEI use, and adherence monitoring. In order to compensate for these factors, we calculated and considered PDC, the number of days covered by the prescriptions in the total prescription periods, to reflect and consider drug adherence. Moreover, we only included subjects with MMSE scores within 300–400 days after the baseline, which might have excluded certain patients who could not take the annual MMSE test either due to a deleterious progression of dementia or because they no longer sought help or changed hospitals. In the near future, it seems that these limitations can be solved by conducting research based on a large database that combines real-world data from numerous hospitals (i. e.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Many countries offer 'digital nomad visas' that allow remote workers to stay longer. [SEP] Text: Increasing inequality between rich and poor countries, the fixing of economic systems to the advantage of the developed world, the debt crisis (amounting to modern slavery for the developing world), the minuscule amounts (US$5-10 per capita per annum) available for health care, and the movements of refugees have had a profound effect in contributing to the rise in infectious disease including, of course, HIV. He goes on to say that if we accept this view, then dealing with the pandemic is not solely a matter of securing funding for HIV treatment and prevention, but addressing these root causes at a global level. The widespread belief in the developed world is that solutions are to be found within the underlying values of Western democracy. These are: a belief in advance based on scientific knowledge, free-market forces and the concept of human rights as applied to individuals. Security is based on the prevailing concept of geo-political realism, or 'might is right'. However, given that these values self-evidently feed into and reinforce global instability, they bring with them, Benatar3 suggests, more major threats to all of us: terrorism; rise in infectious diseases, including HIV; and ecological degradation (SARS may be the latest manifestation). They reflect what Benatar calls 'selective moral blindness'. They also ignore the fact that we are all interdependent, those of us in the developed and the developing world. The argument, therefore, is that given global instability anda set of values which seem destined to make things worse, that ethical discourse based at a micro or meso level may be necessary, but is insufficient to deal with global problems like HIV, which cannot be properly dealt with without consideration at a macro level as well. A revision of these values to better address problems like HIV might include the following: Scientific knowledge Scientific knowledge: Scientific knowledge, to be made available to all who need it. Medical care is becoming more effective: more is always becoming possible. It should be used for the good of all, wherever they live, in developed and developing countries. Ethical discourse should focus on how best to make these treatments available. Individualism: Individualism, to be put into the context of the common good. has stated10: The intelligence of patients everywhere has always been the most important and valuable resource for prevention, for their own care and that of their families, friends and communities.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Modern encryption methods are critical for online security. [SEP] Text: A common aspect is the monitoring of environmental conditions (wind, waves, streams, dynamics of nearby coastlines) and the evolution of the seabed close to the breakwater foundations, because this may disclose a tendency to erosion, soil liquefaction or soil failures which might cause the collapse of the breakwater. It should be noted that the presence of a breakwater always alters the equilibrium of a coastal area. In both cases, a clear understanding of the potential failure mechanisms is crucial in designing a monitoring program. Resilience is the ability of a system, community or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate to and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner, including through the preservation and restoration of its essential basic structures and functions. Office for Reduction. Many disciplines have devised their own definitions of resilience. These differ in their focus and associated objectives, which may be of a technological, economic, environmental, or even social nature. In technology-related fields, resilience is often seen as the ability of technology systems to continue to operate, even in the event of the failure of specific subsystems due to internal or external disturbances. Typical solutions include system layouts with redundant components, and the provision of backup functionalities which ultimately ensure that a nominal resistance is achieved or increased when faced with internal or external disruptions. In sociotechnical systems, the emphasis is instead on hazard management, damage limitation and the recovery of functionality and performance. Due to its critical nature, the resilience of maritime infrastructures cannot be considered separately from the related safety and security aspects. Nominal resistance is a design criterion, and determines the need for proactive and reactive safety and security measures in technological and socio-technical disciplines, with the aim of ultimately achieving the desired operational performance under current conditions. Nonetheless, resilience is an ongoing challenge that needs to be managed operationally throughout a maritime infrastructure’s entire lifecycle. This requires agile safety and security management that is integrated into the technological and sociotechnical aspects of the maritime infrastructure. Therefore, when we speak about critical maritime infrastructure protection, we are considering it in the context of the entire spectrum of possible threats, which are classified into three main types: (i) natural events; (ii) technical/technological failure/human error/accident; and (iii) intentional acts such as terrorism, crime, or war.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some biohackers use nootropics or supplements to enhance cognitive function and memory. [SEP] Text: , common data model). Finally, analyzing the six subscale domains of the MMSE may raise the issue of multiple comparison. However, through subsequent analyses, we induced consistent results at least in the Alzheimer’s dementia group, of which nootropics combination could have a subtle positive impact on the language domain. Surely, further studies that more deliberately focus on the separate cognitive domains should be performed with other more qualified neuropsychological tests. Still, this study would be of best effort to observe the effectiveness of nootropics utilizing the accumulated real-world data. ConclusionIn conclusion, our results demonstrated partial effectiveness of nootropics with ChEIs on some cognitive domains in Alzheimer’s dementia. The reliability of the current study was further strengthened by its 1-year follow-up period, consideration of treatment adherence, and adjustments for confounding comorbid diagnoses. This study emphasizes the need for future well-controlled studies to generalize the effect of nootropics on cognitive function across various clinical settings or cause of dementia. AbbreviationsChEI: Cholinesterase inhibitor; MMSE: mini-mental state examination; ICD-10: Classification of Disease and Problems 10th Revision; BMI: body mass index; BP: blood pressure; PDC: proportion of days covered; ANOVA: analysis of variance; ACh: acetylcholineDeclarationsEthics approval and consent to participate This research protocol was exempt from an ethics review by the Board of Hospital (9-2020-0108). Consent for publication Not applicable. Availability of data and materials The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are currently stored in the. Restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used per data sharing agreement for the current study, and so are not publicly available. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Author’s contributions WJK contributed to the conception of the study. MK and DBL collected the data and MK and SK conducted the data analysis. MK and WJK interpreted the data and drafted the manuscript. WJK, EL contributed to revising the final manuscript. All authors contributed to the development and revision of the final manuscript. All authors have read and approved the manuscript. study was supported by a research grant of of Medicine. 2021. Available at: Accessed 18 Sept 2021.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Digital nomadism is universally sustainable and doesn’t strain local resources. [SEP] Text: Так, современный облик неокочевника представляет собой своего рода набор кодов, позволяющий людям участвовать в культурной среде на территории в которую они попадают. Таким образом, кочевники культивируют множественный, а иногда и противоречивый набор связей и отношений, на вершине которых находится детерриториализация, которая катализирует особые отношения. «Это правда, что у кочевников нет истории, у них есть только география» [2, с. 393].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Modern encryption methods are critical for online security. [SEP] Text: If the CI elements (physical and IT) are to be protected, the essential task is prevention, i. e. , discovering and predicting the threats. The aim of the ATC was to cover the problem in an interdisciplinary manner, with the innovative approach of using advanced methods for monitoring and protection. Morocco was selected for the location of the workshop as a with a pressing need for knowledge of possible threats and an awareness of security developments such as those concerning early warnings with a view to preventing crises. Morocco has an extensive coastline which includes two different maritime ecosystems, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Atlantic Ocean. The coastline of Morocco has the potential to be an essential tool for enhancing social and economic stability. Poverty and malnutrition could be eradicated if a sufficient food supply were available from fish, so it is vital that overexploitation and pollution be discouraged, as these may lead to disaster. Furthermore, income-generating activities such as tourism should be encouraged by developing clean marine biodiversity. For these results to be achieved, the use of modern technologies enabling innovative methods of maritime monitoring and increasing the resilience of maritime critical infrastructures is fundamental for the development of Morocco. . Those attending the ATC were researchers and students specializing in the security of infrastructures (security studies, infrastructural engineering, electrical engineering, etc. ), security officers dealing with the security challenges of critical infrastructure, stake holders, and experts in terrorism or other violent threats. They were looking for specialized knowledge from experts who deal with problems related to CI protection. There were two most significant benefits for attendees: ∙ acquaintance with and knowledge of the development of modern technologies which, when applied to technical protection systems, can provide safety and security for critical infrastructure concentrated on civil engineering objects. ∙ shared knowledge and ideas for future scientific and technical activities in the field of research and development of the protection of critical infrastructure using elevated monitoring systems and high-performance structural materials. The first part of the ATC was dedicated to the analysis of the various threats to maritime critical infrastructure and to legal aspects, mainly in the context of a Moroccan point of view. The approach of NATO Countries was presented to disseminate this to participating. The second part focused on new methodologies such as (USs) and sensor networks, which may help to recognize various threats (terrorism-explosion, crime-cyber-attacks, natural events – flooding etc.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some biohackers use nootropics or supplements to enhance cognitive function and memory. [SEP] Text: Currently, more than 55 million people worldwide are affected by dementia, and nearly 10 million new patients are diagnosed with dementia every year [1]. Dementia leads to deterioration in multiple domains of cognitive function, including orientation, memory, language, attention, and visuospatial construction. To date, no curative drugs for dementia have been widely implemented in clinical practice, and most clinicians still consider cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) as the first line of pharmacological treatment for cognitive deficits in dementia [2, 3]. Nootropics, which were originally described as compounds with similar pharmacology to piracetam, are now generally accepted as any and all compounds that are expected to improve learning and memory in experimental and clinical paradigms [4]. In Korea, apart from the general over-the-counter supplements, there are certain nootropics that need prescriptions for use; among those most frequently prescribed are choline alfoscerate, ginkgo biloba extract, acetyl-L-carnitine, nicergoline, and oxiracetam. Many clinicians often prefer concomitant use of ChEIs with nootropics, based on fragmentary evidence that augmentation could have certain clinical benefits [5, 6]. In fact, the clinical benefits of nootropics in the treatment of cognitive decline are either limited or controversial, with some studies showing improvements in cognitive function with choline alfoscerate [7–9], ginkgo biloba extract [10, 11], acetyl-L-carnitine [6, 12], and nicergoline [13, 14], while other studies demonstrated no clinical benefits of such nootropics [15–18]. Although nootropics alone may not significantly improve cognitive function, nootropics in combination with ChEIs may enhance cholinergic neurotransmission, neurogenesis, and microperfusion in the frontal lobe, hippocampus, and striatum, ultimately delaying cognitive decline in dementia, especially in those with mild-to-moderate disease severity [19–21]. This study aimed to elucidate whether the concomitant use of nootropics with ChEIs is effective in the treatment of cognitive impairment in patients with dementia.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Digital nomadism is universally sustainable and doesn’t strain local resources. [SEP] Text: Эта «геофилософская» установка подчёркивает, что неокочевничество превосходит древнюю риторику субъекта, потому что его расположение принадлежит множеству и среде, в которой он может развернуться. Детерриториализация, предоставляет современному кочевнику свободу и способность мыслить вне определяемого государством или местностью дискурсом, преодолевая ограниченность и границы идеологии.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Modern encryption methods are critical for online security. [SEP] Text: ), and on the modeling of behavior of critical infrastructure elements under such threats, with the aim of designing adequate means of protection from the new intentional actions, not only by USs. USs have been growing rapidly in popularity in recent years. Tactical USs are now used extensively by the military and various security services, while professional USs are becoming increasingly common in a variety of civilian fields. This expansion in the use of USs is due to advances in technology, as well as to their versatility, and to the reduction in size, risk, and cost that remotely operated systems offer because there is no pilot or operator on board. USs include ground control stations (GCS), data communication links, and a range of unmanned aerial (UAV), ground (UGV) and underwater (UUV) vehicles. USs are being used more and more in mainstream applications as the technology matures, leading to more ways of refining how platforms are deployed and integrated into teams of workers. Performance in autonomy comes mainly from the massive use of advanced IT technology as the core of the USs. Unfortunately, an obvious drawback is that wireless USs are heavily exposed to risks related to the IT subsystems. The data is so valuable, in fact, that the companies deploying USs aren’t the only ones interested in getting their hands on it, with some people even willing to steal it. Operators should consider the security of data collected via USs as a critical part of their risk management program. Questions of cybersecurity in the domain of USs has become more important, as has the potential for the misuse of small USs for criminal and other malicious purposes. These are growing developments that need to be addressed in education and training, so that qualified personnel are able to engage these challenges. USs can also be used for the forecasting and prevention of natural catastrophes through the frequent and punctual monitoring of the maritime territory, for the monitoring of existing critical infrastructure elements, and for discovering the defects of elements and preventing against failure. The ATC paid particular attention to maritime unmanned systems. These are becoming more popular for improving safety and efficiency while reducing operational costs. The use of USs is a game changer in maritime technology. They can deliver benefits across a broad range of missions, such as the detection and clearing of mines, the monitoring and protection of undersea lines of communication and underwater cables, maritime situational awareness, and the finding and tracking of submarines.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some biohackers use nootropics or supplements to enhance cognitive function and memory. [SEP] Text: We hypothesized that dementia patients treated with both ChEIs and nootropics would show less deterioration in cognitive function as assessed by mini-mental state examination (MMSE) over a 1-year follow-up period compared to dementia patients treated with ChEIs only. We further hypothesized that this trend would be more evident in the neurodegenerative forms of dementia, particularly Alzheimer’s dementia. population The present study aimed to observe the effectiveness of the concomitant administration of nootropics with ChEIs for the treatment of cognitive deficits in patients with dementia. Data were collected and extracted via the clinical data warehouse of a university health system consisting of three general hospitals with 4,050 beds in total. Patients with any diagnosis of dementia, defined according to the Classification of Disease and Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) diagnostic codes F00, F01, F02, F03, F10. 7, G23. 1, G30, G31. 0, G31. 1, and G31. 8, between the ages of 60 and 89 years were selected. We extracted all diagnostic codes of the patients regardless of whether they were the main or sub-diagnoses. After screening the entire prescription histories registered on the clinical data warehouse, which was over 7 years of record, only the patients who had their first ChEI prescription between 2012 and 2015 were included in the study. Subjects were further narrowed down to only those with mild-to-moderate dementia, as defined by their baseline MMSE total scores from 10 to 26 (n = 583) (Figure 1). Subjects were categorized into the ChEI only group (n = 410) and the ChEI and nootropics combination group (n = 173). Subjects in the ChEI and nootropics combination group were prescribed at least one of the following nootropics during the follow-up period: choline alfoscerate, ginkgo biloba extract, acetyl-L-carnitine, nicergoline, and oxiracetam. MMSE total scores and its six-subscale scores (orientation, immediate recall, attention and calculation, delayed recall, language, and visuospatial construction) were collected at the baseline (within 30 days of the first ChEI prescription of ChEI) and at the endpoint (300–400 days after the first ChEI prescription), respectively.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Digital nomadism is universally sustainable and doesn’t strain local resources. [SEP] Text: Пространство неокочевника — это социотерриториальная структура, которая не поддаётся стандартным способам государственного контроля, основанным на фиксировании определённой этнической, территориальной и классовой принадлежности. В теории Гваттари и Делёза номадизм — это сопротивление господству и власти. Концепция «кочевничества», разработанная Делёзом и Гваттари, пересекается с анархической точкой зрения П.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Modern encryption methods are critical for online security. [SEP] Text: They will also reduce the costs and increase the safety of such operations. Unmanned systems can help to overcome the constraints faced by traditional, crew-dependent maritime platforms, such as ships or submarines, in terms of the areas they can cover, direct and indirect costs, and personnel. Mine-clearing operations, for example, pose risks to the health and safety of crew members; autonomous systems can take over this task while crew members supervise the operation from a safe distance. Working alongside traditional naval assets, USs can also improve situational awareness, which is critical in ensuring free access to the seas. One part of the ATC was dedicated to data analysis and modeling. The application of computer modeling software for forecasting dangerous natural hazards, and the mapping of the current state of risk factors in particular, as well as the process of defect detection through the data fusion of processed images and vibration measurements. Automation in defect image acquisition by USs, embedding sensor systems to revalorize and transform elements and structures into self-diagnostic elements, and data-driven automatic alert procedures in monitored maritime structures were also covered. The ATC also provided essential information to allow the detection of risks, with a significant portion dedicated to the possibilities for the analysis, elaboration, and modeling of threats to critical infrastructure. The ATC was divided into 4 blocks. Block 1: General aspects of strengthening the resilience of maritime critical infrastructure 1. 1 Protection and resilience of maritime critical infrastructures in Morocco 1. 2 Protection and resilience of maritime critical infrastructure in NATO Countries. Block 2: and sensor network technology for monitoring threats to maritime critical infrastructures. 2. 1 for maritime exploration 2. 2 Sensor network and technologies for monitoring critical infrastructures. Block 3: Monitoring, data analysis and structural modeling 3. 1 Monitoring and forecasting of natural catastrophes 3. 2 Modeling and data analyses. Block 4: Cybersecurity and protection of IT maritime infrastructures, plus one practical section: Practical training activities. The practical section was held after the theoretical interdisciplinary presentation, during which participants were able to acquire practical skills related to the presented areas, such as using maritime drones for building and critical infrastructure inspection, 3D mapping in the laboratory, use of environmental monitoring systems, and building information modeling and the finite element modeling of critical infrastructure elements.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some biohackers use nootropics or supplements to enhance cognitive function and memory. [SEP] Text: 009), while in the vascular dementia subjects, the ChEI and nootropics combination group showed a significantly less deterioration in the MMSE attention and calculation subscale score compared to the ChEI only group, with a significant treatment-by-time interaction (-0. 59 for the ChEI only group and 0. 06 for the ChEI and nootropics combination group; F = 4. 44, p = 0. 038). None of the six-subscale scores showed any significant treatment-by-time interaction in the other dementia patients. (Table 4 inserted here) For highly-adherent Alzheimer’s dementia patients, the MMSE language subscale score consistently revealed a significant treatment-by-time interaction, showing favorable results for the ChEI and nootropics combination group (-0. 38 for the ChEI only group and 0. 12 for the ChEI and nootropics combination group; F = 10. 16, p = 0. 002) (Table 4). Apart from the language subscale score, a linear mixed-effects model with the MMSE visuospatial construction subscale score as the dependent variable also showed a significant treatment-by-time interaction (-0. 06 for the ChEI only group and 0. 06 for the ChEI and nootropics combination group; F = 4. 00, p = 0. 046) (Table 4). Subgroup analysis within the ChEI and nootropics combination group in Alzheimer’s dementia: choline alfoscerate vs. ginkgo biloba extract vs. other nootropics When the three types of nootropics within the ChEI and nootropics combination group of the Alzheimer’s dementia subjects were compared, choline alfoscerate and ginkgo biloba extract combination with ChEI showed significantly less declines in the MMSE total scores (p = 0. 006) compared to other nootropics combination (-0. 28 for the choline alfoscerate group, -0. 51 for the ginkgo biloba extract group, -2. 81 for the other nootropics group) (2). Highly significant between-group differences, in favor of the choline alfoscerate combination and the ginkgo biloba extract combination, were shown in the MMSE language subscale score (p = 0.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Digital nomadism is universally sustainable and doesn’t strain local resources. [SEP] Text: Кочевничество в современном мире ускоряется доступностью к цифровым технологиям и выходу в интернет на всё большей территории, что подводит индивида к использованию цифровых ресурсов вне зависимости от территориальной или классовой принадлежности. В соответствии с Делёзом и Гваттари Хаким Бей указывает на определяющую для ВАЗ особенность сетей, а именно наличие «открытости и горизонтальности структуры» [5, с. 102].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Modern encryption methods are critical for online security. [SEP] Text: The event offered attendees the opportunity to consider many profound ways in which unmanned systems and sensor network technology can be used for monitoring threats to maritime critical infrastructures. A technical visit to the of (ISPM) and to Sina 2 of the for contributed to the impact of this ATC on speakers and attendees, as well as on the wider scientific community of participants in the follow-on activities, such as joint research projects, innovative courses, and the design, development and testing of new maritime applications. It is worth mentioning the presentation from Setelgroup, an Italian company located in Rome, of their innovative suitable for the monitoring of maritime critical infrastructures in an amphibious environment. The practical lesson, Marine drones for environmental protection, held by as part of the onsite practical training activities proved to be a great success. The central part of the lesson concerned a description of the identification, classification, and recovery system of floating marine waste with an autonomous catamaran, with an explanation of the main phases of the process. During the experimental lesson, it was possible for trainees to attend the operational phases of planning and execution of seabed monitoring with ROVs. Finally, the presentations of two Ukranian researchers, from the attracted great attention. Sitak spoke on Role in Ukraine’s Economy: Challenges and and During the Full-in February 2022. Shyriaieva dealt with Rebuilding Ukraine’s Economy: Infrastructure for Resilience and Growth. During the a Certificate of Attendance was offered to all participants. ATC website: ↓ more↑ less and Perspective of Sea/Protection and Resilience in 1 - 19 DOI 10. 3233/NICSP240016 35. 00 €27. 50 £22. 00Add PDF to cart Assessment to of Maritime Infrastructure: ļavins, 20 - 42 DOI 10. 3233/NICSP240017 2050. This transition involves significant decarbonization efforts, particularly in ports which are key hubs for international trade and transportation. The incorporation of life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology helps evaluate GHG emissions across the full lifecycle of fuels (“Well-to-Wake”), guiding sustainable fuel use and infrastructure development, while building maritime infrastructure resilience involves integrating risk assessment of threats from natural disasters, cyber-attacks, terrorism, and other disruptions.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some biohackers use nootropics or supplements to enhance cognitive function and memory. [SEP] Text: 001) as well (0. 22 for the choline alfoscerate group, 0. 26 for the ginkgo biloba group, -0. 95 for the other nootropics group) (2). DiscussionOur study findings suggest that the effectiveness of nootropics combination with ChEI may be different according to the type of dementia. The difference in change in the MMSE total scores from baseline to endpoint between the ChEI only group and the ChEI and nootropics combination group was not evident, but the results implied a positive impact of ChEI augmentation with nootropics on some domains of cognitive function in certain types of dementia, particularly Alzheimer’s dementia. The impact of nootropics augmentation on ChEI in Alzheimer’s dementia was consistently depicted on the language domain after consideration of medical adherence and nootropics type. Previous studies on nootropics revealed nootropics to have minimal, if any, effects on the prevention of cognitive decline. Most studies were either examined over a relatively short follow-up time or conducted with a limited number of subjects, and many of them focused on nootropic monotherapy rather than concomitant use with ChEI [6, 9, 10, 17, 23–25]. This study aimed to compare the nootropics and ChEI combination with ChEI monotherapy in an attempt to validate the effectiveness of nootropics in association with ChEI. We examined the change in not only MMSE total scores but also in its six subscale scores over a long period of exposure (300–400 days after the first prescription), which was considered long enough to elucidate the effect of the ChEI and nootropics combination. We categorized the subjects by dementia types in order to clarify the impact of nootropics combination in each type of dementia separately, and mainly focused on Alzheimer’s dementia, which is the most common neurodegenerative form of dementia. We did not limit nootropics to only one type of drug, but included multiple types of nootropics that are most frequently prescribed by clinicians in Korea, to speculate the effectiveness of different types of nootropics, particularly focusing on the two drugs that were most commonly used: choline alfoscerate and ginkgo biloba extract.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Digital nomadism is universally sustainable and doesn’t strain local resources. [SEP] Text: Хотя странствующие кочевники цифрового пространства разделяют схожие взгляды, они предпочитают фрагментарность интеграции и солидарности. Эта ситуация, которая может показаться противоречивой для реального мира, объясняется тем, что в сети отсутствует пространственность, что позволяет сохранять дистанцию между людьми. Цифровая идентичность современных кочевников сравнивается с их пространством, которое локализовано, но не ограничено.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Modern encryption methods are critical for online security. [SEP] Text: Integration of the two approaches (LCA and Risk assessment) has the potential for building maritime infrastructure resilience and at the same time finding optimal strategies for meeting the sustainability goals. This paper reviews the current state of maritime sector towards meeting Deal targets and analysis exiting research on building resilience of maritime infrastructure. Finally, based on existing findings in literature, the paper suggests integrating risk assessment within LCA, moving towards a probabilistic LCAs in maritime sector. ↓ more↑ less $35. 00 €27. 50 £22. 00Add PDF to cart in as 43 - 63 DOI 10. 3233/NICSP240018 35. 00 €27. 50 £22. 00Add PDF to cart –. . 64 - 80 DOI 10. 3233/NICSP240019 35. 00 €27. 50 £22. 00Add PDF to cart A Survey on for 81 - 93 DOI 10. 3233/NICSP240020 35. 00 €27. 50 £22. 00Add PDF to cart Systems for 94 - 110 DOI 10. 3233/NICSP240021 35. 00 €27. 50 £22. 00Add PDF to cart Sensors and Measurements for Unmanned Systems: A Review and into the World of 111 - 141 DOI 10. 3233/NICSP240022 35. 00 €27. 50 £22. 00Add PDF to cart Related to the UAV Methods for X-Y-Z Coordinates in 142 - 152 DOI 10. 3233/NICSP240023 35. 00 €27. 50 £22. 00Add PDF to cart Seas of Change: Innovation with Digital Twins, the Metaverse, and 153 - 176 DOI 10. 3233/NICSP240024 4. 0 to Industry 5. 0, emphasizing autonomous and sustainable operations. It advocates for wider adoption and further research to harness these technologies for a more efficient and resilient maritime future. ↓ more↑ less $35. 00 €27. 50 £22. 00Add PDF to cart 177 - 192 DOI 10. 3233/NICSP240025 35. 00 €27. 50 £22. 00Add PDF to cart AI-HPC Solution for Optimization for 193 - 221 DOI 10. 3233/NICSP240026 35. 00 €27. 50 £22.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some biohackers use nootropics or supplements to enhance cognitive function and memory. [SEP] Text: Choline alfoscerate is a derivative of phosphatidylcholine that enhances cholinergic transmission by upregulating acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis or release in the hippocampus [26, 27]; and thus, it ultimately facilitates learning and memory and decreases age-dependent structural changes, as seen in the frontal cortices and hippocampi of rats [7, 28]. Previous studies reported that the combination of choline alfoscerate with ChEI significantly increased ACh concentrations and prevented volume loss in the frontal and temporal lobe, hippocampus, and striatum in both rats [29] and in Alzheimer’s dementia patients [21]. One study also showed that choline alfoscerate increased hippocampal neurogenesis and provided protection against seizure-induced neuronal death and cognitive impairment [30]. A study on the supplementary effect of choline alfoscerate on speech detection and recognition among hearing aid users revealed that in the aging brain, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation in the medial geniculate body decreases, which contributes to deterioration in speech recognition and comprehension; and in such cases, choline precursor supplements could improve language functioning [31]. Ginkgo biloba extract, on the other hand, is hypothesized to enhance amyloid β-induced hippocampal neuron dysfunction and death, amyloid β aggregation, and neurogenesis [32–34], and induce a significant decrease in the density of β-adrenoreceptors in the frontal cortex and hippocampus [35]. Studies have shown that the hippocampus is closely associated with language production and verbal communication, either by contributing semantic memory to spoken language, processing the mismatch between the expected sensory consequences of speaking and perceived speech feedback, or via coupling between the hippocampal/supplementary motor area and the auditory cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and cerebellum [31, 36]. These findings all suggest that nootropics, such as choline alfoscerate and ginkgo biloba extract, may enhance the cholinergic pathway in brain areas including the hippocampus, frontal lobes, and auditory cortex, which are critical in language processing and utilization, and enhance language function in association with ChEI administration. Language function is not only highly sensitive in detecting cognitive impairment in older age groups [37], but is also a biological marker that differentiates Alzheimer’s dementia from normal aging [38].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Mushroom burial suits help decompose bodies and neutralize environmental toxins. [SEP] Text: In the mantis shrimp, the largest of these neuropils originates from a dorsal cell body cluster of about 170,000 (in N. oerstedii) minute and tightly clustered neuronal perikarya, which we here refer to as globuli cells. This population provides the neurons that form four columnar neuropils, each comprising thousands of parallel fibers. Only one of the four columns is surmounted by a large calyx-like neuropil (Figure 1D) composed of layers of dendritic arborizations. The four columns (Figure 1E), which extend latero-caudally, together demarcate the proximal margin of the eyestalk neuropil, near its junction with the eyestalk nerve (Figure 1C). Globuli cells provide one very large dome-like neuropil (here termed the calyx, indicated Ca in Figure 1D,E) from which one of the smaller columns originates (Figure 1—figure supplement 3A). Globuli cells also provide parallel fibers constituting three additional columns (Figure 1E; Figure 2B,C), one of which is equipped with a small calyx distally (Figure 1—figure supplement 3B). The two other columns lack distal dendrites entirely. Neurites from globuli cells converge at the origin of each column, as they do at the pedunculus (or initial stalk) of an insect mushroom body (Figure 1—figure supplement 3A,B). Each cell body neurite then increases in girth and extends for hundreds of microns as a thicker process decorated with varicosities and spines representing, respectively, pre- and postsynaptic sites (Strausfeld and Meinertzhagen, 1998). cells in insect mushroom bodies, globuli cells in stomatopods lack a proper axon: each globuli cell’s parallel fiber serves as a local interneuron, corresponding in shape and decoration to the parallel fibers of the insect mushroom body lobes, exemplified by D. melanogaster (Figure 1F). And by comparison to the Drosophila mushroom body lobe, each parallel fiber is assumed to contribute to local computational circuits within its column (Cervantes-Sandoval et al. , 2017).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Modern encryption methods are critical for online security. [SEP] Text: 00Add PDF to cart Geophysics, Proximity, and for Studying the in Malta: ’222 - 237 DOI 10. 3233/NICSP240027 35. 00 €27. 50 £22. 00Add PDF to cart of – 238 - 250 DOI 10. 3233/NICSP240028 35. 00 €27. 50 £22. 00Add PDF to cart of the to with Innovative Technologies: Study of (Arctic Ocean) 251 - 274 DOI 10. 3233/NICSP240029 78. 5-81°N and 1-12°E, where the is located (– Arctic Ocean), has been developed. Hole is the deepest undersea feature of the and plays a structural key role in the ocean geodynamics in terms of new ocean seafloor and gravitational mass movement, sink or barrier to the dynamics of the water masses with confined sedimentary processes in the presence of melting ice, polar and Atlantic water. The ocean surface (water and ice), the water column and the seabed data, thanks to an integrated-multidisciplinary approach and harmonization techniques named ‘imagery box’, has been processed using 2021b to obtain a high-resolution 3D model. In particular, the research activities collected water column, bathymetry and acoustic backscatter from multibeam sonar surveys, CTD (Depth) data, and sedimentary samples from box corers. The need for visualization to aid in the comprehensive analysis of all elements of this imaginary box is the main reason behind this research. Consequently, it seeks to integrate in situ and remote sensing measurements to provide an integrated mapping of the study area as a one single product. To achieve this goal, it is essential to optimize the process by standardizing the file formats so that all data can converge into a complete 3D depiction of the elements that compose the ocean: sea surface, water column and seafloor. The unification of distinct geospatial data should be of great help to scientists when analyzing their own ‘imaginary boxes’. This mapping is an integrated data product starting from the raw data to create a unique processing tool, and to produce a complete and comprehensive depiction of the 3D marine environment. This 3D integrated mapping highlights the undersea features as the drivers of the dynamics of the from the sea surface to the ocean bottom. ↓ more↑ less $35.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some biohackers use nootropics or supplements to enhance cognitive function and memory. [SEP] Text: To our knowledge, this study is the first to elucidate the effect of nootropics co-administered with ChEIs on the attenuation of language domain deterioration in Alzheimer’s dementia using clinical data. The possible effect of nootropics on delaying the deterioration of language function may be of great value, considering the association between cognitive decline and language function in the aging population and dementia patients. The strength of this study lies in the methodological aspects of real-world data utilization. Many studies in Korea are actively conducted using the national claims database in an attempt to perform large-scale research [39]. However, imperative baseline characteristics of each patient, including medical histories, medications, and laboratory findings, are missing when using the national claims databases. On the other hand, the clinical data warehouse from our university healthcare system is a composition of each patient’s clinical and demographic data. In this study, we were able to extract and collect critical information regarding each patient’s clinical and demographic backgrounds such as, but not limited to, the education level and BMI, specific MMSE subscale scores, and detailed dementia diagnosis. As a result, we were able to make corrections for many variables that could have affected the MMSE results, including other relevant diagnoses and medical history, such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus, Parkinsonism, and visual/hearing loss. Furthermore, this study is meaningful in that until now, there have only been a few, if any, studies on the effect of nootropics on ChEI efficacy outside of the only actively researched country, Italy [19, 20, 40]. The study had some limitations. Due to its retrospective nature, we were not able to control the treatment settings in terms of medication dosage, treatment duration, the overlapping periods of concomitant nootropic and ChEI use, and adherence monitoring. In order to compensate for these factors, we calculated and considered PDC, the number of days covered by the prescriptions in the total prescription periods, to reflect and consider drug adherence. Moreover, we only included subjects with MMSE scores within 300–400 days after the baseline, which might have excluded certain patients who could not take the annual MMSE test either due to a deleterious progression of dementia or because they no longer sought help or changed hospitals. In the near future, it seems that these limitations can be solved by conducting research based on a large database that combines real-world data from numerous hospitals (i. e.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Natural burials can eliminate any need for cemetery maintenance or space expansion. [SEP] Text: It also raises several questions which will be discussed in the following with a view to particularly prominent tombs of Athens: How did the form of the tombs and their placement function together and contribute to the emergence of social spaces? And what role did the interaction of a larger number of agents play in this ongoing process with regard to the temporality of these spaces, that is, for their stability or fragility? State of the art of Research: Thinking of Athens in the Imperial period, a small number of individual buildings comes to mind immediately, such as the Library of Hadrian or the Odeon of Herodes Atticus, as they are also prominent sites on a modern tourist map of the city. But there is much more to be said about the city’s development during the later 1st century BCE to 3rd century CE, even if its greatest days now lay in the past – at least in the view of many who refer to as a provincial city. Time and again, historians and archaeologists have turned their attention to the events and monuments that marked its layout and appearance during these centuries, although the paradigm of the Classical period is clearly evident from the far greater number of publications, especially in archaeology. Research has particularly emphasized the Augustan (27 BCE–14 CE) and Hadrianic (117–138 CE) eras as periods of significant building programs that affected the major sites of the city centre, such as the area around the Greek Agora, the Acropolis or the Temple of (Worthington 2021: 287–312; Dickenson 2017; Raja 2012; Boatwright 2000; Walker 1997). However, especially the contributions to the volume on recent finds from the Roman period edited by also allow us to get a better grasp of the Imperial city beyond these central areas (Vlizos 2008). In contrast, Christian Habicht, a historian, shed light on the preceding Hellenistic period (late 4th to 1st centuries BCE), whereas approached late antique Athens (3rd to 6th centuries CE) from an archaeological angle (Habicht 1990; Habicht 1992; Habicht 1995; Bazzechi 2020). Only rarely did any of these publications include funerary monuments of the city’s cemeteries (e. g. Worthington 2021: 299–302 on the Philopappos Monument), and indeed they seldom feature in studies of ancient urban sites at all.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Modern encryption methods are critical for online security. [SEP] Text: 00 €27. 50 £22. 00Add PDF to cart as in the Transportation of for the ávid Pages 275 - 291 DOI 10. 3233/NICSP240030 35. 00 €27. 50 £22. 00Add PDF to cart Methods for In- and. Toma, Joaquin del ànuel Pages 292 - 314 DOI 10. 3233/NICSP240031 35. 00 €27. 50 £22. 00Add PDF to cart Implementation of IoT for of a 315 - 331 DOI 10. 3233/NICSP240032 35. 00 €27. 50 £22. 00Add PDF to cart on Cyber- Oliveira de Sá,. Rust da C. 332 - 351 DOI 10. 3233/NICSP240033 35. 00 €27. 50 £22. 00Add PDF to cart Analyzing the Impact of on in 352 - 363 DOI 10. 3233/NICSP240034 35. 00 €27. 50 £22. 00Add PDF to cart for in Coastal and 364 - 382 DOI 10. 3233/NICSP240035 35. 00 €27. 50 £22. 00Add PDF to cart Invisibles: A in. Silva, Miguel V. Correia, Hugo Plácido da 383 - 406 DOI 10. 3233/NICSP240036 35. 00 €27. 50 £22. 00Add PDF to cart Decoding Emotions: Theories and Measures in Authors Patrícia ácido da 407 - 431 DOI 10. 3233/NICSP240037 35. 00 €27. 50 £22. 00Add PDF to cart and Recovery of the Ukrainian Economy: and 432 - 450 DOI 10. 3233/NICSP240038 2022. It was shown the importance for the country’s economy to unblock the water routes and open the Ukrainian corridor in 2023 to stabilize the export-import operations. Due to the constant development of the Ukrainian corridor, the agricultural production is successfully exported through the open ports and sometimes the volumes have reached the pre-war data. At the same time, the other production like ferrous or energy resources meets challenges. Thus, ferrous have been mined but can’t be transported, which creates the necessity to further negotiations within the international trade agreements.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some biohackers use nootropics or supplements to enhance cognitive function and memory. [SEP] Text: , common data model). Finally, analyzing the six subscale domains of the MMSE may raise the issue of multiple comparison. However, through subsequent analyses, we induced consistent results at least in the Alzheimer’s dementia group, of which nootropics combination could have a subtle positive impact on the language domain. Surely, further studies that more deliberately focus on the separate cognitive domains should be performed with other more qualified neuropsychological tests. Still, this study would be of best effort to observe the effectiveness of nootropics utilizing the accumulated real-world data. ConclusionIn conclusion, our results demonstrated partial effectiveness of nootropics with ChEIs on some cognitive domains in Alzheimer’s dementia. The reliability of the current study was further strengthened by its 1-year follow-up period, consideration of treatment adherence, and adjustments for confounding comorbid diagnoses. This study emphasizes the need for future well-controlled studies to generalize the effect of nootropics on cognitive function across various clinical settings or cause of dementia. inhibitor MMSE mini-mental state examination ICD-10 Classification of Disease and Problems 10th Revision BMI body mass index BP blood pressure PDC proportion of days covered ANOVA analysis of variance ACh acetylcholine DeclarationsEthics approval and consent to participate This research protocol was exempt from an ethics review by the Board of Hospital (9-2020-0108). Consent for publication Not applicable. Availability of data and materials The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are currently stored in the. Restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used per data sharing agreement for the current study, and so are not publicly available. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Author’s contributions WJK contributed to the conception of the study. MK and DBL collected the data and MK and SK conducted the data analysis. MK and WJK interpreted the data and drafted the manuscript. WJK, EL contributed to revising the final manuscript. All authors contributed to the development and revision of the final manuscript. All authors have read and approved the manuscript. study was supported by a research grant of of Medicine. 2021. Available at: Accessed 18 Sept 2021. O' Clinical practice with anti-dementia drugs: a revised (third) consensus statement from the British association for psychopharmacology.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Natural burials can eliminate any need for cemetery maintenance or space expansion. [SEP] Text: In several cemeteries, it has been observed that the burial grounds were extended rather than older tombs being demolished and built over (e. g. Marchiandi 2014b: 636 for the north-eastern cemetery). However, this does not necessarily imply that the older tomb monuments were in a perfect state of preservation. In the Kerameikos cemetery, the large-scale funerary monuments which appeared outside the from the 1st century CE onwards, must have taken the forms of proper buildings with burial chambers, that could also reach two storeys in height. [4] Modelled on funerary monuments of or Asia Minor, they anticipated the development of comparable free-standing monumental tombs in the Italian peninsula during the 2nd century CE (Stroszeck 2008: 302–303). The remains of the tombs outside the Dipylon Gate, however, only allow for hypothetical reconstructions, which is why details about their shape are not known (Stroszeck 2008: 300). However, the remains show that at least three, and most likely more, monuments of this kind and scale were built during the Imperial period and formed a loose cluster (cf. Stroszeck 2008: 300–302). A tomb of comparable size and perhaps similar character is also known from the north-eastern cemetery of the city, where it was erected during the 1st to 2nd century CE (Marchiandi 2014a: 622). of Philopappos with its burial chamber likewise belongs to this category of elaborate tombs (cf. Stroszeck 2008: 304), although it presents a special case due to its placement on the and its peculiar form (see below). In any case, these were monuments of extremely wealthy families who had Roman citizenship (Stroszeck 2008: 304) and who both socially and spatially claimed their place in the city via these funerary monuments. As far as we can tell, they did so by appropriating funerary and commemorative practices not seen in Athens for centuries. Although the existence of other monuments of similar size and type in the various cemeteries of Athens cannot be ruled out on the basis of the available data, the formation of the cluster in the Kerameikos cemetery was no coincidence. The monuments erected here responded to the heavily frequented zone directly outside the Dipylon Gate, where several roads converged.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Quantum cryptography offers theoretically unbreakable encryption. [SEP] Text: Dessa kvantpengar har helt andra egenskaper än vanliga mynt, sedlar eller digitala banköverföringar. Vi visar hur man kan kombinera kvantpengar med en blockkedja, och man får då man en slags "kvant-Bitcoin". Detta nya betalningsmedel har fördelar över alla andra betalsystem, men nackdelen är att det krävs en kvantdator. Place, publisher, year, edition, pagesLinköping: Linköping Press, 2017. , p. 239 Series Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations, ISSN 0345-7524 1875 Atom and and : urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-140912DOI: 10. 3384/diss. diva-140912ISBN: 9789176854600 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA. org:liu-140912DiVA, id: diva2:1150887 Public defence 2017-11-17, öping, 13:00 (English) Opponent Żukowski, Marek, DrInstitute of and Astrophysics, University of Gdansk, Poland. Supervisors Larsson, Jan-ÅkeLinköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Coding. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Karlsson, FredrikLinköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Semiconductor Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Available from: 2017-10-23 Created: 2017-10-20 Last updated: 2019-10-11Bibliographically approved List of papers 1. Energy-time entanglement, elements of reality, and local realismOpen this publication in new window or tab >>Energy-time entanglement, elements of reality, and local realismJogenfors, JonathanLinköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Coding. Linköping University, of Technology. Larsson, Jan-ÅkeLinköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Coding. Linköping University, of Technology.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some biohackers use nootropics or supplements to enhance cognitive function and memory. [SEP] Text: Neuroprotective effect of treatment with galantamine and choline alphoscerate on brain microanatomy in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J 2009;283:187–194. . Association with the cholinergic precursor choline alphoscerate and the cholinesterase inhibitor rivastigmine: an approach for enhancing cholinergic neurotransmission. Dev 2006;127:173–179. Late treatment with choline alfoscerate (l-alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine, α-GPC) increases hippocampal neurogenesis and provides protection against seizure-induced neuronal death and cognitive impairment. 2017;1654:66–76. Supplementary effect of choline alfoscerate on speech recognition in patients with age-related hearing loss: a prospective study in 34 patients (57 ears). Neurosci 2021;13:684519. Bastianetto S, Ramassamy C, Doré. The ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) protects hippocampal neurons against cell death induced by beta-amyloid. Neurosci 2000;12:1882–1890. Inhibition of amyloid-β aggregation and caspase-3 activation by the ginkgo biloba extract EGb761. 2002;99:12197–12202. . EGb 761 enhances adult hippocampal neurogenesis and phosphorylation of CREB in transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. 2007;21:2400–2408. . Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on β-adrenergic receptors in different rat brain regions. 2002;16:488–490. van de. Hippocampus plays a role in speech feedback processing. Neuroimage 2020;223:117319. Alegret M, Peretó M, Pérez The role of verb fluency in the detection of early cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease. J 2018;62:611–619. . Neuropsychological assessment of dementia. Psychol 2009;60:257–282. Ryu D-R. Introduction to the medical research using national health insurance claims database. J 2017;40:66–70. . Effectiveness of nootropic drugs with cholinergic activity in treatment of cognitive deficit: a review. J 2012;4:163–172.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Natural burials can eliminate any need for cemetery maintenance or space expansion. [SEP] Text: illustrate the coexistence of social spaces and claims that were not mutually exclusive. At the same time, however, they also show that these varied in duration, with the combined effect of quite different factors determining the respective length of their existence. The popularity and prestige of the person the tomb had originally been built for only partly contributed to the continued existence of the monuments and the social spaces. In the case of the monuments, however, people actively had to maintain both their material form and commemorative function. While the use of a tomb for secondary burials by the family of the deceased certainly preserved its overall function and significance for generations, a lack of descendants or the end of the family usually had fatal consequences. A grave monument that had been sold (cf. Zelnick-Abramovitz 2015: 55–60, 82–83 on this aspect) was given new meaning by other owners. A monument that gradually deteriorated or was suddenly destroyed by external circumstances lost its meaning altogether and often fell victim to stone theft. Its meaning was simply overwritten in the process. The variety of factors which influenced the permanence and the disappearance of funerary monuments also reveals the effects of other urban processes on the constant formation, persistence and demise of the social spaces associated with these. It should not be forgotten that the initiative for the construction of the graves did not always lie with the deceased and their families. Rather, the case of the tomb of illustrates that under certain circumstances the Athenian demos could also be behind their construction. The social space that emerged in this way clearly differed from others in its temporality, since the focus of interest was not on the individual tomb but on continuously reinvigorating the memorial functions of the space.

Output: contrast