Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Although the authors have utilized multiple approaches to test their hypothesis, there remain areas where the methods section should also provide detailed information. Please refer to the following comments for more details. Describe in detail the process for collecting skin, which part of the skin tissue was collected? Is the selection of light intensity reasonable in the experiment? Multiple studies have shown that bright light can affect the circadian rhythm of activity, metabolism and clock gene expression (Bano-Otalora et al. , 20211; Alves-Simoes et al. , 20162; Fan et al. , 20223). Meanwhile, the light intensity also affects the impact of chronic jet-lag. More information should be provided on Circadian rhythm analysis, especially the setting of parameters. Why use two housekeeping genes in the same tissue for clock gene relative quantification? The author should discuss why Cry genes are preferentially altered under three light conditions. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Yes 1. Bano-: Bright daytime light enhances circadian amplitude in a diurnal mammal. . 2021; 118 (22). Pub| Text 2. Alves-: Effects of type of light on mouse circadian behaviour and stress levels. Lab Anim. 2016; 50 (1): 21-9 Pub| Text 3. : Light intensity alters the effects of light-induced circadian disruption on glucose and lipid metabolism in mice. Metab. 2022; 322 (1): E1-E9 Pub| Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: circadian clock and metabolism I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. . For: The impact of shift-work light conditions on tissue-specific circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes: insights from a mouse model study [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations].

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Virtual reality (VR) therapy is used to treat phobias through controlled exposure therapy. [SEP] Text: Reality to Understand and Paltoglou* Department of *Corresponding author: Paltoglou, Department of 15 6GX, United Kingdom, Tel: +44 01612472489; E-mail: a. paltoglou@mmu. ac. uk Citation: Paltoglou AE (2017) Reality to Examine and Treat Depression. J Ther 2017: 1-4. doi: Received Date: 25 November, 2017; Accepted Date: 08 December, 2017; Published Date: 23 December, 2017 is a prevalent mental health disorder with serious consequences for the patients’ lives. (VR) is a promising technology that can immerse individuals in a virtual environment, and has increasingly been used to conduct experiments and deliver interventions with higher ecological validity. One of the studies discussed here showed that individuals with depression score lower in a novel Navigation task than controls. Two other studies showed some promising results in using VR to deliver interventions for depression to reduce stress and increase self-compassion in depressed individuals. Longitudinal randomized controlled trials are needed to further validate these promising results. Keywords: Depression; Self-compassion; Stress; There has been a dramatic increase in the number of studies using (VR) to understand and treat mental health disorders in the recent years. A recent review [1] revealed that of the 285 VR studies, more than half were anxiety-related. Although the majority of studies lack sufficient power and control conditions, VR appears to be equally effective as, or even more effective than face-to-face interventions in anxiety disorders such as phobias [2] and social anxiety [3], with high treatment efficacy and persistence of effects for a long time after the treatment has finished [1]. Depression is highly comorbid with anxiety [4]. According to DSM5, the diagnostic criteria for major depression include depressed moods, loss of energy, insomnia, feelings of worthlessness, diminished ability to concentrate [5]. Depression is highly prevalent, with devastating consequences for people’s lives [6]. It has been estimated that by 2020 it will be the second leading cause of disability [7]. It is therefore surprising that, while a plethora of VR studies have focused on anxiety, very few have focused on depression. This mini review will focus on the use of VR to explore and treat depression.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All urban residents benefit equally from community gardens. [SEP] Text: 02 1. 94 Note. 5-point scale was used to rate residents’ participation. zz Different letters denote significant differences. ** p <. 05, **** p <. 01. Table 9 Participation in community gardens by necessity of gardens, housing type, and owning outdoor garden of community gardens Housing type Outdoor garden need t Single-home Apartment t owning t Participation in planning 4. 14 3. 62 4. 90** 4. 16 4. 02 1. 55 4. 14 3. 94 2. 28* Participation in construction 4. 11 3. 58 4. 39** 4. 12 3. 99 1. 41 4. 12 3. 91 2. 29* Participation in management 4. 02 3. 33 6. 01** 4. 01 3. 88 1. 38 4. 02 3. 75 2. 77** Participation in education 4. 19 3. 78 2. 03* 4. 19 4. 11 0. 66 4. 23 3. 97 1. 73 Note. 5-point scale was used to rate residents’ participation. ** p <. 05, **** p <. 01. Table 10 Participation in fundraising for management of community gardens to participate every year Plan to participate once Plan not to participate Total Frequency(%) 287 (50. 9) 235 (40. 9) 52 (9. 1) 574 (100. 0) Table 11 Donation planning for the management of community gardens ± amount(KRW) 75,222±208,074 1,000 300,000 30,000 Table 12 Donation planning in KRW by gender, housing type, owning outdoor garden, and age Housing type Outdoor garden Female Single-home Not owning 20–30s 40–50s 60s or over M 75,615 70,687 75,868 75,774 94,0734 52,477 105,676 80,646 48,962 t 0. 202 0. 004 1. 859* - F - - - 1. 971 ** p <. 05, **** p <. 01. Table 13 Logistic regression analysis of participation in fundraising Variables β SE Wald df p Exp(B) Expectation for increasing visit frequency 0. 522 0. 211 6. 126 1. 013 1. 686 Necessity of community gardens 1. 115 0. 269 17. 164 1. 000 3. 051 (Constant) −3. 714 1. 128 10. 840 1. 001 0.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: This approach includes a fixed period of 24 hours. 4. Why use two housekeeping genes in the same tissue for clock gene relative quantification? Authors' response: Vandesompele et al. (Genome Biol. 2002, PMID: 12184808) showed that normalizing with the geometric mean of carefully chosen control genes improves qPCR accuracy. Using a single universal control gene is less effective due to variations across different cells or tissues. Moreover, fluctuations within standard housekeeping genes depending on the time of day have been recognized in studies (Kosir et al. , BMC Mol Biol. 2010; PMID: 20712867). Thus, the utilization of more than one housekeeping gene minimizes this variability. 5. The author should discuss why Cry genes are preferentially altered under three light conditions. Authors' response: In the discussion section of the revised manuscript, we covered the response of Cry genes to simulated shift conditions. Competing Interests: No conflicts of Report a concern on this 4. In the Discussion, the Authors mainly focus on the observed differences between short-term and long-term rotating shift work, which is indeed important. Equally important is the fact that many papers and groups use the jet lag protocol as a proxy for shift work, and the Authors demonstrate here that the outcomes of jet lag can be quite different from either short-term or long-term rotating shift work. This is a very important finding that should be addressed in the Discussion. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? competing interests were disclosed. Molecular cancer biology, lung biology, immunology, circadian rhythms, metabolism I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: VR therapy is being studied for its effectiveness in treating PTSD. [SEP] Text: (USA) showed the effectiveness of HBOT in stroke patients; 1970, Boschetty and Cernoch (Czechoslovakia) used HBOT for multiple sclerosis (MS); 1971 Lamm (France) used HBOT for treatment of sudden deafness; 1973, Thurston showed that HBOT reduces mortality in myocardial infarction; 1976, Hollbach & Wasserman determine 1. 5 ATA (atmospheres absolute) maximizes oxygen content and glucose metabolism in the brain; 1983, first double-blind RCT using HBOT to treat MS; 1987 Jain (Swiss) treats paralysis of stroke with HBOT; 1989, the U. S. Navy discovers that bubbles are gone within 5 min, so while DCS is caused by bubbles the secondary injury cascade is the same as in all brain insults; 1992, Harch treats the first delayed decompression sickness, which lead to the treating “dementia pugilistica” in boxers, cerebral palsy children, and autistic children and nearly 50 neurological conditions in 700 patients. In 1992, Rockswold (USA) conducts first double-blind RCT showing HBOT reduces mortality in acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) by 59 %, the largest single reduction in mortality since the invention of the ambulance. In 2002, US Army study confirms Harch’s HBOT repairs white matter damage in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and a Canadian group shows hyperbaric air (the original treatment for DCS and Mountain Sickness) and HBOT 1. 75 effective in treating CP in double-blind RT; 2005, Stoller (USA) first child with fetal alcohol syndrome treated [3] and Thom (USA) finds HBO causes stem cell mobilization; 2007, Harch et al. (USA) chronic TBI treated in animal model and in 2009 in military veteran [4]; 2010, Godman discovers HBOT activates 8101 genes, reducing inflammation and increasing growth and repair hormones. In 2011, Stoller treats first retired League (NFL) player treated for CTE [5]; 2012, Harch et al. demonstrates blast-induced post-concussion syndrome and post-traumatic stress disorder treatable with HBOT in phase 1 clinical trial [6].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All urban residents benefit equally from community gardens. [SEP] Text: 037) Table 15 Logistic regression analysis of participation in community gardens Variables β SE Wald df p Exp(B) Expectation for community revitalization 0. 564 0. 213 7. 029 1. 008 1. 757 Necessity of community gardens 0. 793 0. 227 12. 219 1. 000 2. 209 (Constant) −3. 702 1. 049 12. 444 1. 000 0. 025 Note. 2LL=209. 528, Cox & Snell R2=0. 105, Nagelkerke R2=0. 169, Hosmer & Lemeshow test chi2=11. 359(df=7, p=. 124), Classification accuracy=82. 4%. 2008. Fruit and vegetable intake among urban community gardeners. J Behav. 40(2):94-101. An, YW 2012. Management and civic willingness-to-pay for public parks: For public parks situated in Busan metropolitan city. Doctoral dissertation, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea. Armstrong, D 2000. A survey of community gardens in upstate New York: Implications for health promotion and community development. Health Place. 6(4):319-327. Bell, S, R Fox-Kämper,. 2016. Urban allotment gardens in Europe Abingdon, UK: Routledge. Birky, J, E Strom. 2013. Urban perennials: How diversification has created a sustainable community garden movement in the United States. Urban Geogr. 34(8):1193-1216. Chailse, N 2015. Collective action dynamics urban neighborhoods: A study of urban community gardens. Doctoral dissertation Washington University. St. Louis, USA: Cho, DH 2008. A study on plan of resident participation park remodeling. Master’s thesis, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea. . 2017. The relationship between residential mobility and residential satisfaction in the Seoul metropolitan area. J Manag Assoc. 30(1):163-180. . 2016. Research on developing a model for perry-urban welfare community garden for second-class citizens in the metropolis. J Inst Korea. 14(1):97-116. . 2015. The effect of sense of community on citizen participation. Adm Rev. 49(2):273-306. . 2015 The relations on sense of community and local community.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Although the authors have utilized multiple approaches to test their hypothesis, there remain areas where the methods section should also provide detailed information. Please refer to the following comments for more details. 1. Describe in detail the process for collecting skin, which part of the skin tissue was collected? Authors' response: As per the suggestion of the reviewer, we have elaborated on the procedure of skin tissue collection within the '' section in our methods. 2. Is the selection of light intensity reasonable in the experiment? Multiple studies have shown that bright light can affect the circadian rhythm of activity, metabolism and clock gene expression (Bano-Otalora et al. , 20211; Alves-Simoes et al. , 20162; Fan et al. , 20223). Meanwhile, the light intensity also affects the impact of chronic jet-lag. Authors' response: Our study maintained similar light intensities across control and shift simulation groups to focus on shift impacts, thereby reducing potential variation from light intensity differences. However, recognizing the significance of light intensity on chronic jet-lag, we will consider incorporating this factor into future experimental designs, perhaps by comparing the effects of different light intensities on chronic jet-lag. 3. More information should be provided on Circadian rhythm analysis, especially the setting of parameters. Authors' response: In response to the reviewer’s suggestion, we have clarified our use of the standard parameters of the Circapackage (as per Parsons et al. , Bioinformatics, 2020, PMID: 31588519). This approach includes a fixed period of 24 hours. 4. Why use two housekeeping genes in the same tissue for clock gene relative quantification? Authors' response: Vandesompele et al. (Genome Biol. 2002, PMID: 12184808) showed that normalizing with the geometric mean of carefully chosen control genes improves qPCR accuracy. Using a single universal control gene is less effective due to variations across different cells or tissues. Moreover, fluctuations within standard housekeeping genes depending on the time of day have been recognized in studies (Kosir et al. , BMC Mol Biol. 2010; PMID: 20712867). Thus, the utilization of more than one housekeeping gene minimizes this variability. 5. The author should discuss why Cry genes are preferentially altered under three light conditions.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: VR therapy is being studied for its effectiveness in treating PTSD. [SEP] Text: Moving forward with the loss of a loved one: treating PTSD following traumatic bereavement with cognitive therapy Part of: Disseminating CBT: 50 years and beyond Published online by Press: 20 April 2023 [Opens in a new window]andShow author details Jennifer Wild* Affiliation: Department of Experimental Psychology, University of of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, 161 Barry Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3053, Duffy Affiliation: Queen’s : Department of Experimental Psychology, University of * *Corresponding author. Email: jennifer. wild@psy. ox. ac. uk 0. 5 mb) View PDF [Opens in a new window] Save to to Save to & Permissions [Opens in a new window] loss is associated with high rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and appears to inhibit the natural process of grieving, meaning that patients who develop PTSD after loss trauma are also at risk of experiencing enduring grief. Here we present how to treat PTSD arising from traumatic bereavement with cognitive therapy (CT-PTSD; Ehlers et al. , 2005). The paper describes the core components of CT-PTSD for bereavement trauma with illustrative examples, and clarifies how the therapy differs from treating PTSD associated with trauma where there is no loss of a significant other. A core aim of the treatment is to help the patient to shift their focus from loss to what has not been lost, from a focus on their loved one being gone to considering how they may take their loved one forward in an abstract, meaningful way to achieve a sense of continuity in the present with what has been lost in the past. This is often achieved with imagery transformation, a significant component of the memory updating procedure in CT-PTSD for bereavement trauma. We also consider how to approach complexities, such as suicide trauma, loss of a loved one in a conflicted relationship, pregnancy loss and loss of life caused by the patient. Key learning aims (1) To be able to apply Ehlers and Clark’s (2000) cognitive model to PTSD arising from bereavement trauma. (2) To recognise how the core treatment components differ for PTSD associated with traumatic bereavement than for PTSD linked to trauma where there is no loss of life. (3) To discover how to conduct imagery transformation for the memory updating procedure in CT-PTSD for loss trauma.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: All urban residents benefit equally from community gardens. [SEP] Text: AbstractIn the face of a dire food security challenge in South Africa, high food price spikes in 2008 revitalised a governmental emphasis on the value of urban agricultural responses, especially at the local and household level. Limited empirical evidence casts doubt on this as a suitable response. This paper fills that gap to some extent and confirms a modest impact of an urban agriculture-based programme implemented by the former of Agriculture, Conservation, and Environment, which established community gardens for the poorest of the poor. Prior reviews finding modest impacts elsewhere have lead to a polarised academic literature, criticism of urban agriculture as a response to food insecurity and development at large contrasts widespread advocacy. In this paper, a new insight is gleaned by opening up the implementation of ‘black box’ to reconfigure the polarised debate thus far. In one sense, the findings reiterate the potential but ambiguous and modest benefits of urban agriculture as a response to the complex food-insecurity problem due to government systems and processes. The implementation of community-based programmes, if pursued further, requires far greater institutional integration and contextual backing, especially considering a more sophisticated understanding of urban food systems. For example, the blurring between income-based and subsistence rationales within programme and policy provisions frustrate the overall success of community gardening, with implementation processes failing to achieve either. Gardens therefore fail to find a niche within wider systems of production, marketing and availability, or as safety nets and social protection. In another sense, the discussion suggests a more critical review of the continuing (misplaced) discursive biases of urban agriculture within policy and practice. This means that although there is more to be researched in terms of the ‘practice of urban agriculture’ and its implementation in specific contexts, we cannot forego critical evaluation of (discursive) policy dynamics, their institutional effects and their manifest praxis. This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access. Access this 34. 9910 units per month Download 39. 95 Price excludes VAT (USA) Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. Instant access to the full 2009. Although the most urbanized of the provinces in South Africa, the new department has taken a far more rural perspective than its predecessor the GDACE, although from annual reports appears to have maintained the same programmes while adding on some new ones.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Mice were anesthetized with 3-4% isoflurane and euthanized by cardiac puncture blood collection followed by cervical dislocation as a secondary method of euthanasia. The collected liver and skin tissues were snap-frozen and stored at -80 °C for subsequent RNA extraction. Gene expression analysisFrozen liver and skin tissues were homogenized in liquid nitrogen using mortar and pestle. Next, we purified the total RNA from the homogenized tissues using a Trizol-based RNA extraction protocol. Approximately 100 mg of the ground tissue was combined with 1 ml of ice-cold TRIzol reagent (Scientific, #15596018). After thorough mixing, 0. 2 ml of chloroform was added to the TRIzol tissue cocktail, mixed well, and incubated at room temperature for 3 mins. We separated the different phases of the mixture through centrifugation at 12,000 g for 15 mins. The aqueous phase (top layer) was carefully collected and transferred to a new tube. To precipitate the RNA, an equal volume of isopropanol was added to the collected aqueous phase and mixed by inverting. After a 10-minute incubation at room temperature, the samples were subjected to another round of centrifugation at 12,000 g for 10 minutes. The supernatant was discarded, and the RNA pellet was washed three times with 70% ice-cold ethanol. Subsequently, the RNA pellet was air dried for 5-10 mins and dissolved in 20 μl of ddH2O. To assess the quantity and quality of the extracted RNA, we utilized NanoDrop® 2000 Spectrophotometer, measuring the light absorbance at 260, 280 and 230 nm. Following the RNA purification step, we treated the RNA samples with DNase-I (Biolabs, #M0303S), and synthesized complementary DNA (cDNA) using TaqMan™ Reagents (Scientific, #N8080234). Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was then performed using PerfeCTa® SYBR® with ROX™ (Quantabio, #95055-500) in a StepOnePlus™ Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems™).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: VR therapy is being studied for its effectiveness in treating PTSD. [SEP] Text: Keywords cognitive therapygriefimageryloss traumaPTSDtraumatic bereavement the Therapist 2023 e12 DOI: [Opens in a new window] This is an 4. 0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original 2023. Published by Press on behalf of for Behavioural and ‘The image I carry forward captures his warmth and his love for life. It makes me remember him from before the trauma. It makes me smile. What more could you ask? You remember your loved one and you smile. With what’s happened, that’s a really good result. ’ Female, 51 years old year approximately 500,000 people die in the UK, leaving behind on average five close loved ones (Zhou et al. , Reference Zhou, Sornette, Hill and Dunbar2005). Sudden traumatic losses, such as death by suicide or violence or death by protracted illness, increase risk for post-traumatic stress (PTSD) and prolonged grief disorders (PGD). Whilst PTSD in such circumstances is characterised by persistent re-experiencing of the loss trauma, prolonged grief disorder is characterised by the experience of yearning for the deceased. The disorders can co-occur and research suggests that PTSD, in the absence of treatment, interrupts the natural course of grief, increasing risk for PGD (Glad et al. , Reference Glad, Stensland, Czajkowski, Boelen and Dyb2022). For both disorders, the patient is likely to experience distressing images of the person who died, which may relate to memories of the moments of death, painful points during an illness, including moments indicating a change for the worse (Smith et al. , Reference Smith, Rankin and Ehlers2020), or suffering the patient perceives the person to have experienced. In PGD, the images may also reflect positive memories which now elicit feelings of loss (Smith et al. , Reference Smith, Rankin and Ehlers2020). Cognitive therapy for PTSD (CT-PTSD; Ehlers et al. , and Fennell2005) is a highly effective treatment for PTSD arising from a range of traumas including traumatic loss and is recommended as a first-line treatment for the disorder by the of Health and (2018) guidelines as well as numerous international guidelines (APA, 2017; ISTSS, 2019).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All urban residents benefit equally from community gardens. [SEP] Text: (2006) reminds us, there is a complex relationship between the components of food security, being food self-reliant does not automatically equate with food-self sufficiency. Cities, for example, are likely then always to rely, at least in part on rural areas producing staple food crops. Farmers are also exposed to the inherent risks of agriculture, such as pests, environmental factors and socio-political changes such as land transfers/loss (Maxwell 1995). There is no precedence for the HFIAS being used as a back-casting tool. It was only used to provide some idea of the changing perceptions of the beneficiaries; the core focus was on their current food security status. It is revealing that there is no discernable improvement to food security noted by the responses by gardeners. One would hope for a clear indication that things had improved, even if not rigorously testable. If this was the gardeners’ only income, it would need to be above the food poverty line or the cost of a nutritionally adequate subsistence diet for a household (Rose and Charlton 2002) or at least sufficient to make up for any deficit in food not catered for from the garden. With an average of four people per project, this is unlikely to be sufficient money. (2007, p. 39) report provides a conservative estimate of financial losses based on beneficiary attrition alone. If R4000 is spent per beneficiary there was an average loss of R 80 545. 50project. This should not be considered a criticism of their study as dietary diversity was not their core focus. It is also only used in the to get an understanding of the dietary diversity, not provide evidence for a causal link between gardens and dietary diversity. It should be acknowledged that there are potential issues of preference at play here that could mean people forego the more nutritious food to purchase the preferred foods. The subsistence-versus-market basis of this argument should not be construed as a preference or importance of one over the other. Market-based approaches may in fact do little to help the poorest of the poor. Support structures put in place to assist entrepreneurs are likely to be captured by those with the skills to do so. The point is not that the poor should be neglected, but that there needs to be different approaches to help different categories of people effectively. The above has also directed attention towards specific management constraints around the community gardens projects.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: The RT-PCR reaction included denaturation (3 minutes at 95 °C) and 40 PCR cycles (15 sec at 95 °C and 1 minute at 60 °C). The expression level of each clock gene was normalized to the geometric mean expression of two housekeeping genes,32 Actb and Ppib using the ΔCt method. Subsequently, the data were scaled to the sample with the highest expression level (ΔΔCt) for the time course analysis. Missing values in the raw data files resulting from technical issues with the qPCR plate were excluded from analysis. We specifically measured the expression of canonical clock genes (Arntl, Npas2, Per1, Per2, Per3, Cry1, Cry2, and Dbp) in both liver and skin tissues using validated primers. To ensure the accuracy of the PCR amplification, the primers were validated using cDNA template serial dilution, and their efficiency was calculated based on the slope value33 (Table 1). The primer design for this study was performed using Primer3 (v. 0. 4. 0), a widely used primer design tool. Table 1. Primers used for measuring mRNA expression of canonical clock genes. Gene(5′ to 3′)(3′ to 5′)21231252rhythm analysisTo analyze the differences in circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes in animals exposed to both control and simulated shift-work light conditions, we utilized the standard parameters of the Circapackage with a 24 hour fixed period. 34 Circadian time, CT0 was defined as the onset of the light phase before the animals entered constant darkness for tissue collection. This alignment allowed us to effectively compare and assess the variations in circadian rhythms between control and simulated shift-work light conditions. We applied a p-value cut-off of <0. 05 to determine the presence or absence of rhythms and to evaluate significant differences in phase, amplitude, and the Statistic of Rhythm (MESOR). Sample resolution is a critical factor in circadian analysis as it directly affects the precision of phase estimates. 35 In our study, we used four-hour sample resolution, therein phase differences were only considered if they were at least four hours apart. This approach was implemented to ensure the accuracy of our results.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: VR therapy is being studied for its effectiveness in treating PTSD. [SEP] Text: Her trauma narrative was out of sequence and did not include information that she had now, such as ‘he is no longer suffering’. Her trauma memory was easily triggered by matching cues in the environment, such as the smell of alcohol wipes used to clean his post-surgery incisions, hand sanitiser, wet leaves similar to those in the parking lot during her hospital visits to see him, bandages, advertisements for Halloween since he was rushed to hospital in the days before Halloween, a particular motorway which she drove frequently to visit him, and Christmas because he died shortly afterwards. She often experienced images of the worst moments: her husband suffering in pain in hospital and his grey jumper which he was wearing when they received his diagnosis. When the memory or images were in mind, she experienced the anxiety she had at the time as well as strong feelings of loss. She tried hard to push the images and memories away, to distract herself, blank out with a glass of wine or switch off. The images triggered episodes of rumination in which she would question why she did not push for a second opinion when the initial diagnosis was stress. She would replay conversations with the doctors in her mind over and over. Faye avoided hospitals, she would not visit friends or other family members, such as her mum, in hospital and she would cancel her own hospital appointments. In response to feeling sad, she would turn to work, keeping busy and trying hard to avoid thinking about what happened. In response to the experiences of intrusive memories and comments from friends as well as her GP that she should have moved on by now, Faye believed there must be something wrong with her and that she was different from other people. She believed that the loss of her husband had destroyed her life, that the future was threatening without him, that she had to be on guard all the time to protect her daughter and to check that things were being done ‘right’. She believed that if she stopped feeling guilty, she would be letting herself off the hook. For this case and other trauma leading to post-traumatic stress, CT-PTSD works to elaborate the trauma memories, update their meanings and discriminate triggers to reduce re-experiencing symptoms.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All urban residents benefit equally from community gardens. [SEP] Text: Home E-submission us and scope About the journal About the society Editorial board Journal management team Advertising policies Open access Revenue sources Direct marketing Access and subscription Archiving policy Contact us 148. Published online: April 30, 2020 DOI: Influence of Gardens on the Settlement in of from Perspective of In-Kyoung Hong1, Hyung-Kwon Yun2*, Young-Bin Jung3, Sang-Mi Lee3 1Post-doctoral associate, of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea 2Senior researcher, of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea 3Researcher, of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea *Corresponding author: Yun, yun0309@korea. kr, First author: Hong, inkyoung63@korea. kr, 09, 2020, 24, 2020, 03, 2020, Copyright © 2020 by of People, Plants, and is an 4. 0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. problems raised by the concentration of population in urban areas have caused residents to migrate to other regions while causing other problems such as deteriorated infrastructure, traffic and environmental pollution problems in existing urban areas. As an alternative to improve this phenomenon, urban regeneration has emerged, and under the assumption that creating community vegetable gardens is effective in revitalizing cities considering their physical, social and cultural environment, frequency and descriptive analyses were conducted on the vegetable gardens in Jungnosong-dong, Wansan-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Korea to examine differences in the components of the surrounding environment and the settlement, and community spirit of the two groups comprised of 30 and 35 persons who did not and did participate in gardening respectively. Regression analysis were conducted to determine whether there were changes in community spirit after participating in gardening. As a component of the surrounding environment, gardening and fence management were found to be important for both the groups, and they seemed to have high satisfaction with their residence because they wanted to continue to live in their neighborhood. Overall, the satisfaction evaluation results showed that those who participated in gardening showed a higher satisfaction level than those who did not.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: : The circadian clock protects against ionizing radiation-induced cardiotoxicity. . 2020 Feb; 34(2): 3347–3358. Pub| Text | Text 23. : The circadian clock protects against acute radiation-induced dermatitis. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2020 Jul 15; 399: 115040. Epub 20200515. Pub| Text 24. : Differential functions of mPer1, mPer2, and mPer3 in the SCN circadian clock. Neuron. 2001 May; 30(2): 525–536. Pub| Text 25. : in the Eyes of a Chronobiologist. J. Biol. Rhythm. 2016 Apr; 31(2): 115–124. Pub| Text 26. : Transcriptional architecture and chromatin landscape of the core circadian clock in mammals. Science. 2012 Oct 19; 338(6105): 349–354. Pub| Text | Text 27. : Genome-wide and phase-specific DNA-binding rhythms of BMAL1 control circadian output functions in mouse liver. PLoS Biol. 2011 Feb; 9(2): e1000595. Epub 2011/03/03. Pub| Text | Text 28. Reinke H, Asher G: Crosstalk between metabolism and circadian clocks. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2019 Apr; 20(4): 227–241. Pub| Text 29. : Population-level rhythms in human skin with implications for circadian medicine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2018 Nov 27; 115(48): 12313–12318. Pub| Text | Text 30. Plikus MV, Andersen B: Skin as a window to body-clock time. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2018 Nov 27; 115(48): 12095–12097. Pub| Text | Text 31. Wang H, van Liu Q, et al. : Time-Shifts the Clock and Alters UVB-Induced DNA Damage. Cell Rep. 2017 Aug 1; 20(5): 1061–1072. Pub| Text | Text 32. : Accurate normalization of real-time quantitative RT-PCR data by geometric averaging of multiple internal control genes. Genome Biol. 2002 Jun 18; 3(7): 0034.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: VR therapy is being studied for its effectiveness in treating PTSD. [SEP] Text: The treatment will identify and update maintaining appraisals as well as help the patient to give up cognitive and behavioural strategies which maintain the appraisals and disjointed memories, and thus the sense of current threat; whilst at the same time helping the patient to reclaim or rebuild their life with activities that give a sense of enjoyment and purpose. A core focus of CT-PTSD when applied to bereavement trauma is to reduce the sense that the deceased is still suffering or not at peace and create a sense of continuity in the present with what has been lost in the past. PTSD following bereavement trauma will include a number of re-experiencing symptoms, such as intrusive memories of the loved one’s suffering or death, avoidance of reminders of the suffering or traumatic death, negative alterations in cognition and mood and a number of hyperarousal symptoms, such as difficulty sleeping, feeling more irritable, on edge, engaging in risky behaviours or feeling significantly more alert and on guard. The core element of prolonged grief or complex grief is persistent yearning for the deceased. The patient may experience pre-occupation with the circumstances of the death, difﬁculty accepting the death, feelings of loss of a part of oneself, anger about the loss, guilt or blame regarding the death, or difﬁculty engaging with new social or other activities due to the loss. Please see Duffy and Wild (and Wild2023) for a detailed description of the overlapping and distinguishing symptoms of persistent bereavement disorder and PTSD. Treatment components CT-PTSD will follow a similar course when treating PTSD linked to traumatic loss or PTSD related to other events. Below we describe the core treatment components and how they are adapted for PTSD associated with bereavement trauma. The structure of the treatment will be similar to PTSD linked to trauma where there is no loss of a significant other, and about 10–12 sessions will be offered. For videos on how to deliver the treatment, please see www. oxcadatresources. com and Wild et al. (Reference Wild, Warnock-and Ehlers2020) for a guide on delivering the treatment remotely. Considerations specific to traumatic bereavement With traumatic bereavement, it is important that the therapist empathises, acknowledges the loss and the importance of the relationship, and does not rush into cognitive restructuring of worst meanings.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All urban residents benefit equally from community gardens. [SEP] Text: Based on the changes in community spirit after participating in the activity, it was found that there was a high level of perception in all the components, indicating that the gardening had a positive effect on the cultivation of community spirit. As such, the spaces called vegetable gardens are not only for doing physical activities but also as shared conversation topics, and through the activities in the gardens, changes in the awareness of local residents can be brought about through the formation of social networks and natural communication between neighbors. It can be concluded that they encourage residents to actively participate in improving the urban environment through activities such as planting. Key words: community rebuilding, component, living environment, resident participation, urban agriculture economic growth and industrialization have continuously resulted in overcrowding cities, and such changes in urban areas have caused several problems, such as deteriorated facilities in existing downtown areas and problems related to transportation and environment, and served as a motive for middle-class people who lived in downtown areas to head for outskirt areas such as new towns and cities (Lee and Dong, 2005). Recent redevelopment projects for existing residential areas have been implemented mostly from the perspective of supply-centered expansion and development policies. As a result, all-out redevelopment projects have been conducted, focusing only on physical environmental improvements not on residents, and in this process problems like the concentration of population and the relocation of commercial areas have resulted in various social and financial problems such as the decline of original downtown areas, the reduced quality of residential environments, a decrease in the population and employment in downtown areas and economic downturn (Kim, 2016). For this reason, original downtown areas have been isolated from expansion and development projects, and their deteriorated residential conditions such as poor living environments, residents’ decreasing financial status, aging population and an increasing risk of crimes have risen to the surface (Jung et al. , 2015). To address such problems, the government has implemented various urban redevelopment projects in deteriorated downtown areas like redevelopment, reconstruction and new town projects, but has focused only on physical environmental improvements without reflecting regional characteristics, which has destroyed their own historic and locational values (Kim, 2016), and has caused conflicts between residents over development gains, and in turn new problems such as destroyed local communities and a decreasing resettlement rate (Jang, 2016). As an alternative to measures to address problems observed in such conventional urban redevelopment projects, a new concept - urban regeneration - started to emerge (Association, 2009). Jung et al.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Epub 2002/08/20. Pub| Text | Text 33. : How good is a PCR efficiency estimate: Recommendations for precise and robust qPCR efficiency assessments. Biomol. Detect Quantif. 2015 Mar; 3: 9–16. Pub| Text | Text 34. : CircaCompare: a method to estimate and statistically support differences in mesor, amplitude and phase, between circadian rhythms. Bioinformatics. 2020 Feb 15; 36(4): 1208–1212. Pub| Text 35. : Guidelines for Genome-of Biological Rhythms. J. Biol. Rhythm. 2017 Oct; 32(5): 380–393. Pub| Text | Text 36. : Hypotheses for mechanisms linking shiftwork and cancer. Med. Hypotheses. 2011 Sep; 77(3): 430–436. Pub| Text 37. : Melanopsin (Opn4) requirement for normal light-induced circadian phase shifting. Science. 2002 Dec 13; 298(5601): 2213–2216. Pub| Text 38. : Neuropsin (OPN5)-mediated photoentrainment of local circadian oscillators in mammalian retina and cornea. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2015 Oct 20; 112(42): 13093–13098. Pub| Text | Text 39. : Neuropsin (OPN5) Light-of Genes and in Skin. Curr. Biol. 2019 Oct 21; 29(20): 3478–3487. e4. Pub| Text | Text 40. : Restricted feeding uncouples circadian oscillators in peripheral tissues from the central pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Genes Dev. 2000 Dec 1; 14(23): 2950–2961. Pub| Text | Text 41. : Entrainment of the circadian clock in the liver by feeding. Science. 2001 Jan 19; 291(5503): 490–493. Pub| Text 42. : Defining the Independence of the Clock. Cell. 2019 May 30; 177(6): 1448–1462. e14. Pub| Text | Text 43. : The expression of opsins in the human skin and its implications for photobiomodulation: A Systematic Review. Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: VR therapy is being studied for its effectiveness in treating PTSD. [SEP] Text: Memory updating and imagery transformation Memory updating is a procedure used in CT-PTSD to elaborate the trauma memory, identify information that updates the worst meanings, and then link new information to the respective worst moment in memory to make these less threatening. In CT-PTSD for traumatic bereavement, imagery transformation is typically incorporated with the memory updating procedures, both of which are described below. Updating trauma memories in CT-PTSD involves three steps: Identify threatening personal meanings. First the therapist and patient will identify worst meanings. Imaginal reliving or narrative writing and discussion of the content of intrusive memories will help the therapist and patient to identify the moments during the trauma associated with the most distress and sense of ‘nowness’ (‘hot spots’; Foa and Rothbaum, and Rothbaum1998) and the worst meanings of these moments. Identify updating information. The therapist and patient will work together to identify updating information that helps to make the meanings of the worst moments (‘hot spots’) less threatening and thus less distressing. For traumatic bereavement, this information may be discovered through work on cognitive themes. Cognitive restructuring techniques can be used to update appraisals linked to guilt, shame, anger, perceived permanent change and loss. These include Socratic questioning, surveys, pie charts, behavioural experiments, positive data logs and use of imagery techniques. Link the new information to the relevant moment in memory. Once the therapist and patient have discovered information that updates the patient’s meanings for a particular hot spot, the therapist guides the patient to hold the hot spot in mind whilst recalling or experientially taking in the new information. This can be done verbally (e. g. ‘I now know…’) whilst bringing the hot spot to mind in reliving or when reading through the hot spot and the updates in a narrative. Where possible, the new information can be strengthened or demonstrated experientially through sensations or movement that makes the new meanings salient, including with imagery. In traumatic bereavement, the patient is often encouraged to call to mind an image that represents the updating information, such as that the loved one is no longer suffering. Imagery may also be used to show the patient how they are taking their loved one forward with them in an abstract, meaningful way. Imagery transformation With traumatic bereavement, the patient often experiences distressing images of the person who died.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All urban residents benefit equally from community gardens. [SEP] Text: (2015) said that urban regeneration is an act of revitalizing cities considering not only their physical environments but also their economic, social and cultural environments. Recently, many cities started to establish and apply various urban regeneration strategies through the efficient utilization of limited spaces and resources (Choi, 2016), and it is necessary to suggest alternatives that gradually improve environments, not by directly developing areas after all-out demolitions, but by restoring local communities and improving and managing deteriorated living environments on the initiative of residents (Kim, 2016). Against this backdrop, this study aimed to suggest to create community vegetable gardens as a measure to improve community environments that resident can be satisfied with by building sympathy among residents and inducing their engagement, beyond conventional government-led environment improvement projects. Community vegetable gardens allow residents through space called ‘vegetable gardens’ to exchange and communicate with each other, restore local communities and gradually improve environments, functioning as a place to improve and manage deteriorated living environments (Kim, 2016). In addition, they are meaningful as a place for healthy leisure activities for urban residents and community restoration (Hong et al. , 2018). As concepts such as healthy city, age-friendly city, safe city and happy city started to be highlighted as future keywords in urban planning fields, community vegetable gardens have contributed to facilitating interactions and building cooperative relations between neighbors, improving the health and quality of life of individuals and creating families and communities (Lim, 2017). Under the research hypothesis (Fig. 1) - residents’ satisfaction with the surrounding environment of residences and participation in community vegetable gardens affect their overall satisfaction with residences and community spirit - this study surveyed residents in Jungnosong-dong, Wansan-gu, Jeonju-si who led and participated in improving the environment of their community and examined change in their perception of and satisfaction with their residences before and after participating in activities of community vegetable gardens. target area of this study is a grid-shape area with alleys (1. 0–6. 5 m) located in Jungnosong-dong, Wansan-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, and alleys such as Munhwa 1-gil, Munhwa 2-gil, Munhwa 3-gil and Inbong 1-gil pass through the area.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Molecular cancer biology, lung biology, immunology, circadian rhythms, metabolism I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. . For: The impact of shift-work light conditions on tissue-specific circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes: insights from a mouse model study [version 3; peer review: 2 approved]. F1000Research 2023, 12:762 ( The direct URL for this report is: This study was only carried out in male mice, which goes against the NIH policy “Consideration of Sex as a in NIH-funded Research” (NOT-OD-15-102). should discuss this in their Limitations section, and how the outcomes may be different in females. Authors' response: We thank the reviewer for highlighting this. We concur and have addressed the exclusive use of male mice in the limitations section, including potential differences in female outcomes. 2. 4, it is difficult to assess which oscillation characteristics are significantly different from control just by looking at the figure. I am aware that full statistics are available in Table 1, but it would be best if the Authors also figured out a way to represent, perhaps with a different shape (a star instead of a circle? ) which datapoints were significantly different in Figure 4. Authors' response: Great suggestion. We revised Figure 4 to visually highlight the significantly different datapoints. 3. In the Discussion, the Authors mainly focus on the observed differences between short-term and long-term rotating shift work, which is indeed important. Equally important is the fact that many papers and groups use the jet lag protocol as a proxy for shift work, and the Authors demonstrate here that the outcomes of jet lag can be quite different from either short-term or long-term rotating shift work. This is a very important finding that should be addressed in the Discussion. Authors' response: Thank you for highlighting this.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: VR therapy is being studied for its effectiveness in treating PTSD. [SEP] Text: Patients may experience images of worst fears, such as their loved one being buried sentient and aware, which did not happen. We strongly recommend that the therapist ask how distressing the image is on a scale of 0 (low) to 100 (very distressing) and how ‘now’ it feels from 0 (like a memory from the past) to 100 (happening in the here and now). 2. Elicit the meaning of the image. The next step is to elicit the worst meaning of the image. The worst meaning extends beyond the recognition that the loved one died and carries substantial emotional pain. We have found that worst meanings linked to images of suffering usually relate to perceptions of pain that were perceived to be undeserved or preventable, of their loved one feeling deserted or of their loved one’s fear of dying or of perceived suffering as continuing in the present, or responsibility for failing to prevent suffering, including not being with the loved one when they died. Exploration of these meanings may require a discussion of the patient’s beliefs about an afterlife and cultural or religious norms about dying (e. g. rituals and rules that ensure a successful transition to the afterlife). Table 2 gives examples of common meanings associated with distressing images linked to loss. 3. Consider what information the patient may have now that updates the worst meaning. The third step is to work together to update the worst meanings. New information can emerge through imaginal reliving or narrative writing of the traumatic loss memory. Most often guided discovery and cognitive therapy tools can address cognitive themes (outlined in the ‘Addressing core cognitive themes’ section above) and elicit updating information. Table 6 shows common appraisals and CT-PTSD tools to elicit new information. Table 6. Common appraisals and the CT-PTSD tools used to elicit updating information Below is an example of new information that came to light after narrative writing of the traumatic loss memory. Samira lost her sister to cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic. Samira had recurrent images of her sister dying alone and struggling to breathe. The worst meaning of the image was Samira’s belief that her sister suffered enormously and died alone. Imaginal reliving of the trauma had revealed that Samira’s sister was holding the bracelet Samira had given her and they’d shared over the years in her hand when she died.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All urban residents benefit equally from community gardens. [SEP] Text: Out of them, Munhwa 1-gil is differentiated from other alleys by creating an alley garden instead of wall paintings as residents voluntarily placed their own pots outside their house on the alley. As a community vegetable garden was created in collaboration with the of Horticultural and in 2018, residents have continued to voluntarily participate in creating and managing community vegetable gardens in vacant spaces other than their own garden and rooftop, which was introduced as a successful urban regeneration case (Kwon, 2019). According to the 2018 ( 16. 99% of Nosong-dong is covered with green spaces, and the share of the elderly population aged over 70 years is high. While the ratio of services for living such as transportation, welfare and culture services is high, the number of young and middle-aged residents has continuously decreased, which is a typical case of deteriorated original downtowns (Fig. 2). This study, as an empirical study, conducted a questionnaire survey on 35 residents who have participated in activities of creating and managing community vegetable gardens in Jungnosong-dong and 30 residents who did not participate in order to compare and analyze their demographic characteristics, the components of residential environments and their settlement and community spirit. Questionnaire survey A questionnaire survey was conducted on two groups: a group of those who participated in the creation and management of community vegetable gardens (hereinafter ‘experimental group’); and a group of those who did not participate in the activities (hereinafter ‘control group’), and was designed as a group comparison study. Changes in their perception of the surrounding environment of residences and community spirit were surveyed. The questionnaire survey was conducted between April 30 and May 14, 2019 on the experimental group composed of 35 residents who participated in the creation of community vegetable gardens that were created under the research project of the of Horticultural and from 2018, and the control group of residents who were randomly sampled in cooperation with the Nosong-dong Center. The questionnaire used in this survey was composed of questions about the components of the surrounding environment of residences extracted based on demographic characteristics and a related earlier study (Hwang, 2018; Cronbach’s α created areas. 894; non-created areas. 889) and settlement and community spirit about the surrounding environment of their current residences (Cronbach’s α created areas;. 927 non-created areas. 945; Table 1).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: However, recognizing the significance of light intensity on chronic jet-lag, we will consider incorporating this factor into future experimental designs, perhaps by comparing the effects of different light intensities on chronic jet-lag. 3. More information should be provided on Circadian rhythm analysis, especially the setting of parameters. Authors' response: In response to the reviewer’s suggestion, we have clarified our use of the standard parameters of the Circapackage (as per Parsons et al. , Bioinformatics, 2020, PMID: 31588519). This approach includes a fixed period of 24 hours. 4. Why use two housekeeping genes in the same tissue for clock gene relative quantification? Authors' response: Vandesompele et al. (Genome Biol. 2002, PMID: 12184808) showed that normalizing with the geometric mean of carefully chosen control genes improves qPCR accuracy. Using a single universal control gene is less effective due to variations across different cells or tissues. Moreover, fluctuations within standard housekeeping genes depending on the time of day have been recognized in studies (Kosir et al. , BMC Mol Biol. 2010; PMID: 20712867). Thus, the utilization of more than one housekeeping gene minimizes this variability. 5. The author should discuss why Cry genes are preferentially altered under three light conditions. Authors' response: In the discussion section of the revised manuscript, we covered the response of Cry genes to simulated shift conditions. Competing Interests: No conflicts of Report a concern on this 4. In the Discussion, the Authors mainly focus on the observed differences between short-term and long-term rotating shift work, which is indeed important. Equally important is the fact that many papers and groups use the jet lag protocol as a proxy for shift work, and the Authors demonstrate here that the outcomes of jet lag can be quite different from either short-term or long-term rotating shift work. This is a very important finding that should be addressed in the Discussion. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? competing interests were disclosed.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: VR therapy is being studied for its effectiveness in treating PTSD. [SEP] Text: (Reference Murray, Merritt and Grey2015) for a detailed guide on how, when, and why to carry out a site visit in CT-PTSD. Site visits are usually conducted in person with the patient or by visiting the site virtually on View. They can also be conducted remotely with the patient going to the site alone or with a family member or friend. The therapist can speak to the patient on the phone while they are there to guide them to spot differences between the site at the time of the trauma and how it is now. When using View, the therapist and patient will walk the route of the trauma virtually, noticing differences between then and now. can be used for the parts of the world where View is unavailable and allows the therapist and patient to view the site from above and zoom in. For traumas that cannot be accessed via Street View, such as inside hospitals or other buildings, the therapist may be able to source images of the outside, and sometimes the interior, as well as access virtual tours of similar buildings. Finally, View often shows images of the site taken at different dates, which help to show how the site has changed over time and can be used to reinforce the message that the trauma is in the past. Taking photos and reviewing them later is another useful way of consolidating the learning from the site visit. If the patient does visit the site, they can take a ‘selfie’ or, for virtual site visits, screenshots of important images (Wild et al. , Reference Wild, Warnock-and Ehlers2020). One complexity to be aware of for events involving multiple deaths is a tendency for some families to create informal memorial items and message boards erected at the site so it is necessary to discuss with patients how they may approach these items in preparation for a site visit. Addressing unhelpful maintaining strategies Patients with PTSD commonly adopt strategies to deal with the sense of threat associated with their trauma, yet which typically keep it going. In traumatic grief, the sense of threat is linked to appraisals that the future is threatening without the deceased. They may ruminate about their loss, trying to make sense of what happened but continue a line of repetitive thinking that leads to no new information. Avoidance is common where patients will suppress traumatic memories or avoid sharing their loss and so never discover that without suppression, memories will come and go or that in sharing their loss, people will mostly extend kindness.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All urban residents benefit equally from community gardens. [SEP] Text: 30 to October 4 when the activities of creating community gardens were finalized, an additional questionnaire survey was conducted on the experimental group of 35 residents to survey changes in their satisfaction with residences and community spirit. The questionnaire survey used a Likert 5-point scale (1 ‘strongly disagree’; 2 ‘disagree’; 3 ‘neutral’; 4 ‘agree’; and 5 ‘strongly agree’). Analysis methods The questionnaire survey was conducted through face-to-face interviews, and a total of 65 questionnaire sheets were collected without any missing value. Data on the collected questionnaire sheets were collected using the Excel program, and were analyzed using the statistics Ver. 25 program. Frequency and descriptive analysis was conducted on the demographic characteristics of subjects and their perception of the surrounding environment of residences. Reliability analysis was conducted and Cronbach’ alpha was calculated in order to verify the internal consistency of questionnaire items about the surrounding environment of residences, settlement and community spirit after creating community vegetable gardens. In addition, an independent two sample t-test was conducted at the significance level of 95% to verify differences between the experimental and control groups in their satisfaction with the surrounding environment, settlement and community spirit after participating in the creation of community vegetable gardens. A multiple regression analysis was conducted at the significance level of 95% to statistically verify whether their satisfaction with the surrounding environment of residences and participation in the creation of community vegetable gardens affect their satisfaction with residences and community spirit respectively. Results and characteristics of respondents The demographic characteristics of respondents were as shown in Table 2. Out of a total of 65 respondents (30 in the control group and 35 in the experimental group), females accounted for 55. 4%, higher than that of males (44. 6%). The share of those aged over 70 years was the highest (49. 2%), followed by those aged 61–70 years (23. 1%), those aged 51–60 years (12. 3%), those aged 41–50 years (7. 7%), those aged 31–40 years (6. 2%), and those aged 21–30 years (1. 5%). In terms of occupation, the share of homemakers was the highest (40%), followed by retirees (21. 5%), professionals (15. 4%), others (10. 8%), self-employment (9. 2%) and employed workers (3. 1%), and no respondent was found to be engaged in agriculture.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: ) which datapoints were significantly different in Figure 4. Authors' response: Great suggestion. We revised Figure 4 to visually highlight the significantly different datapoints. 3. In the Discussion, the Authors mainly focus on the observed differences between short-term and long-term rotating shift work, which is indeed important. Equally important is the fact that many papers and groups use the jet lag protocol as a proxy for shift work, and the Authors demonstrate here that the outcomes of jet lag can be quite different from either short-term or long-term rotating shift work. This is a very important finding that should be addressed in the Discussion. Authors' response: Thank you for highlighting this. We've updated our Discussion section to emphasize the differences between jet lag outcomes and the effects of both short-term and long-term rotating shift work. View more View less No conflicts of Interests reply a concern keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports 0 Views copyright © 2023 Zhang T. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 13 Jul 2023 | for Version 1 0 Views copyright © 2023 Zhang T. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses(1) Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the 1. Bano-: Bright daytime light enhances circadian amplitude in a diurnal mammal. . 2021; 118 (22). Pub| Text 2. Alves-: Effects of type of light on mouse circadian behaviour and stress levels. Lab Anim. 2016; 50 (1): 21-9 Pub| Text 3. : Light intensity alters the effects of light-induced circadian disruption on glucose and lipid metabolism in mice. Metab. 2022; 322 (1): E1-E9 Pub| competing interests were disclosed. circadian clock and metabolism I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: VR therapy is being studied for its effectiveness in treating PTSD. [SEP] Text: In some cases these imagined images are worse than images generated by actual exposure, such as a father who was present at the scene of his son’s death and developed PTSD but the mother, who was not present, experienced intrusive images that were more gruesome and equally distressing. Treating PTSD linked to suicide trauma will require targeting the cognitive and behavioural processes that are maintaining symptoms and distress with the CT-PTSD treatment components covered in this paper. Before memory updating, the therapist will work with the patient to modify appraisals linked to guilt. The patient would be encouraged to make a list of all the things that they did that were helpful for their loved one throughout their life, not just in their last few months. The therapist will create a responsibility pie chart looking at all factors likely to have contributed to the loved one’s death and consider the patient’s perceived role only after the patient has apportioned a percentage of responsibility to other factors. The therapist will work to transform distressing images following the steps covered in this paper. The therapist may also set up an imagery conversation as there is often distress about things said or not said. Nathan died by suicide. Days before he died, he had asked Nathalie, his mum, for money, which she feared he would use to buy drugs, so she had refused and asked him to leave. He had called her names and she had yelled back that he was her biggest disappointment. The next thing she heard was that he had been found hanging from a tree where the family used to camp. Nathalie felt crushed and incredibly guilty. She blamed herself for his death and for not being able to prevent it from happening. In this example, the therapist would first loosen then update guilt appraisals and transform distressing images over a few sessions. They may encourage the patient to have a conversation with her son in imagery to say things left unsaid. The patient may also write a letter to their loved one expressing things they had not been able to say while they were alive. If the patient chooses to have a conversation in imagery, then the therapist will guide the patient to picture a place where they used to chat with the deceased. In this instance, the patient said they used to sit in their small garden on occasions on a sunny day and catch up over a beer.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All urban residents benefit equally from community gardens. [SEP] Text: In terms of family members, the share of those who lived with spouse was the highest (36. 9%), and the share of those who lived alone and those who lived with spouse and children was the same (27. 7%). Those who lived with three generations including their spouse, children and their spouse and grandchildren showed the lowest share (7. 7%). In terms of average monthly income, those whose monthly income was less than 1 million won was the highest (32. 3%), followed by 1–1. 99 million won and 2–2. 99 million won (26. 2%), 3–3. 99 million won (6. 1%), and 4–4. 99 million won and 5 million won and higher (4. 6%). These results can be attributed to the high share of retirees and homemakers. Importance and reliability analysis of components of surrounding environment of residences Internal consistency by the component of the surrounding environment of residences Components of the surrounding environment of residences were selected, and the internal consistency of each component was verified through reliability analysis. As shown in Table 3, all the analyzed components showed a high internal consistency between activities (Cronbach’s α =. 908). Importance of components of surrounding environment of residences The results of importance analysis regarding the components of the surrounding environment of residences were as shown in Table 4. Out of 10 items on the surrounding environment, the score of eight items on a Likert 5-point scale was lower than the median value (3. 0), indicating that both those who participating in the creation of community gardens and those who did not participate in overall were not satisfied with the surrounding environment of residences. In terms of their perception of the surrounding environment of residences, the experimental group in general showed a higher score than the control group, indicating that those in the experimental group tended to perceive the surrounding environment more. X1 (creation of vegetable garden), X2 (fence management), X3 (guide & signs installation), X4 (lighting installation), and X9 (public parking lot) did not show statistically significant differences. However, X5 (pavement & maintenance), X6 (sewage & garbage disposal), X7 (community space), X8 (experience & exhibition space), and X10 (overall satisfaction with residence) showed a low significance level (lower than 0. 05), indicating that there were statistically significant differences between the control and experimental groups.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: The impact of shift-work light conditions on tissue-specific circadian. . . ALL Metrics - to cite this 10. 12688/f1000research. 136998. 2) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all 10. 12688/f1000research. 136998. 2) First published: 28 Jun 2023, 12:762 ( Latest published: 17 Aug 2023, 12:762 ( from Version 1 We have refined the 1. Design of simulated shift-work light conditions for mice. Panels from left to right represent simulated light conditions of control (left), short- and long-term rotating shifts (middle), and chronic jet-lag (right). After exposure to simulated shift conditions of light (yellow) and dark (Gray), liver and skin samples were collected for 24 hours with four-hour intervals on the second day of constant dark condition. 0th time was defined as the onset of the light phase before the animals entered constant darkness for tissue collection. MethodsEthics statementThe mice utilized in this study were procured from Laboratory and housed in the Program of Resources (PLAR) of University - Spokane. To guarantee proper animal welfare, the guidelines set by the Care and (IACUC) were followed. Our program compiles with all regulations outlined in the NIH guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, encompassing procurement, conditioning and quarantine, housing, management, veterinary care, and carcass disposal. All efforts were made to ameliorate the suffering of the mice involved. There were no adverse events during the study and no humane endpoints were established. The animal experiments conducted in this study were approved by the IACUC under the protocol number: 6202 on March 27th, 2019. Study design and sample collectionThis investigation took place from May through September 2019. Healthy immunocompetent wild-type C57BL/6J male mice at 3 weeks of age were purchased from the (strain #: 000664). Mice were purchased to limit variability and maintain consistency in the genetic quality of the animals. Upon arrival, these mice were acclimatized to the controlled environment of the PLAR facility at University – Spokane for at least one week. The only inclusion criterion was for animals to be at least 4 weeks of age by day 1.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: VR therapy is being studied for its effectiveness in treating PTSD. [SEP] Text: For step-by-step guidance on delivering CT-PTSD for birth trauma, please see Kerr et al. (Reference Kerr2022). traumatic loss, the patient commonly reports that their most dreaded and frightening belief has come true and their loved one has died, often in horrendous circumstances. PTSD is common after such trauma and interrupts the natural course of grieving, meaning that PGD is also common in these circumstances. CT-PTSD can and is successfully applied to PTSD arising from loss trauma. In this paper we have described the core components of CT-PTSD and how to apply them to traumatic bereavement. Notable differences to treating PTSD arising from bereavement trauma compared with trauma where there is no loss of life is that CT-PTSD will almost always incorporate imagery transformation as part of memory updating. Rebuilding life activities are planned rather than reclaiming life activities. Finally, addressing cognitive themes almost always precedes memory updating. When traumatic loss involves loss of a conflicted relationship, suicide trauma, or circumstances where the patient has caused the death of their loved one, conversations in imagery may take place to elicit a corrective experience in which the patient can say things that have been left unsaid and connect to their internalised memory of their loved one, accessing their knowledge base of how they would respond. CT-PTSD suggests that the patient may carry their loved one forwards in intangible ways and this appears to reduce the intensity of loss and sadness. Yearning associated with bereavement trauma appears reduced because the patient has a sense they are moving forward with their loved one, albeit in an abstract way, and may be less driven to search for them as a result. Whilst this is our sense of how intangible continuity helps to reduce the intensity of feelings, future research is needed to test such hypotheses. One avenue would be to determine if increases in the sense of continuity result in reductions in the strength of loss, sadness and yearning. CT-PTSD differs from existing cognitive behavioural approaches to traumatic grief reactions (e. g. Boelen et al. , Reference Boelen, Hout and Bout2006) in several ways (see Ehlers, Reference Ehlers2006). Importantly, working with meanings of the loss may include creating a sense of continuity with the loved one rather than focusing on the irreversibility of the loss. Emerging research is attempting to determine whether or not continuing bonds with the deceased facilitates adjustment after loss.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All urban residents benefit equally from community gardens. [SEP] Text: These results indicate that those in the control group perceived more the components of the surrounding environment except X1 (creation of vegetable garden), X7 (community space) and X8 (experience & exhibition space). These results were similar to the results of Kim (2013) that activities of growing plants in vegetable gardens or communicating with others through community spaces provided opportunity for urban residents to be satisfied with the surrounding environment of residences and have emotional stability, but they did not coincide with the conclusion of Hwang (2018) that highlighted the importance of components of alley gardens, indicating that there are differences in the importance of components of the surrounding environment between residential areas. Settlement and community spirit in different surrounding environments Internal consistency analysis of individual community spirit items in different surrounding environments A reliability analysis was conducted to examine the internal consistency of each component of community spirit in different surrounding environments, and as shown in Table 5, all the analyzed components showed a high internal consistency between activities (Cronbach’s a =. 952). Settlement and community spirit The settlement and community spirit of the control and experimental groups were analyzed as shown in Table 6. First, in the experimental group, the score of ‘I want to continue to live in my neighborhood’ was the highest (3. 77), followed by ‘I feel attached to and proud of being a member of my neighborhood’ (3. 71), ‘I want to recommend others to live in my neighborhood’ (3. 57), and ‘I frequently interact with neighbors’ (3. 51). Meanwhile, in the control group, the score of ‘I want to continue to live in my neighborhood’ was the highest (3. 33), followed by ‘I feel attached to and proud of being a member of my neighborhood’ (3. 27), ‘I want to recommend others to live in my neighborhood’ (3. 20), ‘The atmosphere of my neighborhood is lively’ (2. 93), ‘I frequently interact with neighbors’ (2. 73), ‘I am interested in what is happening in my neighborhood’ (2. 37), and ‘I actively suggest my opinion on and participate in neighborhood issues’ (2. 13). While the experimental group showed a high satisfaction level (3.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: The collected liver and skin tissues were snap-frozen and stored at -80 °C for subsequent RNA extraction. Gene expression analysisFrozen liver and skin tissues were homogenized in liquid nitrogen using mortar and pestle. Next, we purified the total RNA from the homogenized tissues using a Trizol-based RNA extraction protocol. Approximately 100 mg of the ground tissue was combined with 1 ml of ice-cold TRIzol reagent (Scientific, #15596018). After thorough mixing, 0. 2 ml of chloroform was added to the TRIzol tissue cocktail, mixed well, and incubated at room temperature for 3 mins. We separated the different phases of the mixture through centrifugation at 12,000 g for 15 mins. The aqueous phase (top layer) was carefully collected and transferred to a new tube. To precipitate the RNA, an equal volume of isopropanol was added to the collected aqueous phase and mixed by inverting. After a 10-minute incubation at room temperature, the samples were subjected to another round of centrifugation at 12,000 g for 10 minutes. The supernatant was discarded, and the RNA pellet was washed three times with 70% ice-cold ethanol. Subsequently, the RNA pellet was air dried for 5-10 mins and dissolved in 20 μl of ddH2O. To assess the quantity and quality of the extracted RNA, we utilized NanoDrop® 2000 Spectrophotometer, measuring the light absorbance at 260, 280 and 230 nm. Following the RNA purification step, we treated the RNA samples with DNase-I (Biolabs, #M0303S), and synthesized complementary DNA (cDNA) using TaqMan™ Reagents (Scientific, #N8080234). Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was then performed using PerfeCTa® SYBR® with ROX™ (Quantabio, #95055-500) in a StepOnePlus™ Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems™). The RT-PCR reaction included denaturation (3 minutes at 95 °C) and 40 PCR cycles (15 sec at 95 °C and 1 minute at 60 °C).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: VR therapy is being studied for its effectiveness in treating PTSD. [SEP] Text: CT-PTSD has been delivered to patients experiencing a range of trauma, including traumatic loss, and has been evaluated in several RCTs (Ehlers et al. , and Mayou2003; Ehlers et al. , and Fennell2005; Ehlers et al. , and Clark2014; Ehlers et al. , Reference Ehlers, Wild, Warnock-Parkes, Grey, Murray, Kerr and Clark2020) as well as in routine clinical practice (Duffy, Gillespie and Clark, Reference Duffy, Gillespie and Clark2007; Ehlers et al. , and Clark2013; Ehlers et al. , Reference Ehlers, Grey, Warnock-Parkes, Wild, Stott and Clark2023) and is associated with high rates of recovery. However, to determine the efficacy associated with the different components of CT-PTSD as delivered for traumatic bereavement, a dismantling study is required or a study of an experimental design in which the procedures are evaluated in isolation. Qualitative feedback from patients who have had CT-PTSD for traumatic bereavement suggests it is a powerful process that, when the worst has happened resulting in unimaginable suffering, leads to a lasting and, as the patient quoted at the beginning of this paper says, ‘…a really good result’. people will face loss in their lives, whether it is loss of a loved one through trauma, illness, geographical distance or the end of a relationship. CT-PTSD suggests the way forward is to move forward with loss, to spot the meaning of what has been lost and to bring that meaning back into patients’ lives whilst recognising what has not been lost. In doing this, the therapy creates a new relationship to loss. It is no longer about letting go or saying good-bye. It is about acknowledging that the patient can take their loved one forward in an abstract and meaningful way. In this way, CT-PTSD creates a sense of continuity today with what has been lost in the past. By conceptualising loss like this, the treatment frees patients from the fear and despair associated with loss trauma, rooting them in what matters most – the meaning they give their lives and the relationships in them. Key practice points (1) CT-PTSD can be successfully applied to PTSD arising from traumatic bereavement.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All urban residents benefit equally from community gardens. [SEP] Text: 0 or higher on average), the control group showed a satisfaction level lower than the average in most of the surveyed components except Y1 (I want to continue to live in my neighborhood), Y2 (I feel attached to and proud of being a member of my neighborhood) and Y3 (I want to recommend others to live in my neighborhood). These results were similar to the results of Im (2011) that cutoff from neighbors due to the absence of spaces for communication between community members, and cutoff from the nature due to lack of green spaces in desolate outdoor environments resulted in a low satisfaction level, and also coincided with the results of Hwang (2018) that as residents voluntarily participated in the creation of alley gardens, their attachment to and pride of their community increased. Activities related to community gardens seem to be an important element for increasing exchanges between residents and their sense of belonging to their community and improving surrounding environments. Changes in overall satisfaction with residences and community spirit Factors that affect satisfaction with residences To identify factors that affect respondents’ overall satisfaction with their residences as a dependent variable, a multiple regression analysis was conducted (Table 7), and their satisfaction with the surrounding environment of residences, participation in activities related to community vegetable gardens and gender were found to affect their overall satisfaction with residences. The variable that has the biggest impact on their overall satisfaction with residences was the surrounding environment of residences, and it was found that the higher the satisfaction with the surrounding environment, the higher the overall satisfaction with residences. In addition, the group of residents who participated in the program of creating community gardens tended to show a higher satisfaction level with residences, and females’ overall satisfaction with residences was higher than that of males. These results were similar to the results of Hwang (2018), indicating that activities related to community vegetable gardens improved the surrounding environment of residences and thus increased residents’ satisfaction with the surrounding environment. Factors that affect community spirit To identify factors that affect respondents’ community spirit as a dependent variable, a multiple regression analysis was conducted (Table 8), and their satisfaction with the surrounding environment of residences and participation in activities related to community vegetable gardens were found to affect changes in their community spirit. The variable that has the biggest impact on their community spirit was the surrounding environment of residences, followed by their participation in the creation of community vegetable gardens, and it was found that the group of residents who participated in the program of creating community vegetable gardens tended to show higher community spirit.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: The expression level of each clock gene was normalized to the geometric mean expression of two housekeeping genes,32 Actb and Ppib using the ΔCt method. Subsequently, the data were scaled to the sample with the highest expression level (ΔΔCt) for the time course analysis. Missing values in the raw data files resulting from technical issues with the qPCR plate were excluded from analysis. We specifically measured the expression of canonical clock genes (Arntl, Npas2, Per1, Per2, Per3, Cry1, Cry2, and Dbp) in both liver and skin tissues using validated primers. To ensure the accuracy of the PCR amplification, the primers were validated using cDNA template serial dilution, and their efficiency was calculated based on the slope value33 (Table 1). The primer design for this study was performed using Primer3 (v. 0. 4. 0), a widely used primer design tool. Table 1. Primers used for measuring mRNA expression of canonical clock genes. Gene(5′ to 3′)(3′ to 5′)21231252rhythm analysisTo analyze the differences in circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes in animals exposed to both control and simulated shift-work light conditions, we utilized the standard parameters of the Circapackage with a 24 hour fixed period. 34 Circadian time, CT0 was defined as the onset of the light phase before the animals entered constant darkness for tissue collection. This alignment allowed us to effectively compare and assess the variations in circadian rhythms between control and simulated shift-work light conditions. We applied a p-value cut-off of <0. 05 to determine the presence or absence of rhythms and to evaluate significant differences in phase, amplitude, and the Statistic of Rhythm (MESOR). Sample resolution is a critical factor in circadian analysis as it directly affects the precision of phase estimates. 35 In our study, we used four-hour sample resolution, therein phase differences were only considered if they were at least four hours apart. This approach was implemented to ensure the accuracy of our results.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: VR therapy is universally effective for all patients, regardless of individual needs. [SEP] Text: L3 neurons (magenta) express myr::GFP (anti-GFP) driven by 9–9 GAL4 (Nern et al. , 2008). Asterisks in (B) indicate dFezf-expressing lamina neurons (green + blue) that are most likely L3 neurons that have yet to turn on GAL4 expression (youngest L3 neurons). (E–N) MARCM + STaR experiments in adult flies. and methods section for a detailed description. Scale bars when shown are five microns with the exception of the scale bar shown in (E), which is twenty microns. L3 clones (green) expressed myr::tandem Tomato (tdTomato) and were visualized using a DsRed antibody. (E) Broad view (confocal image) of the morphologies of wild type L3 clones (green) in the lamina and medulla, which are indicated by R1-R8 axons (magenta, mAB24B10). Boxed regions indicate examples of the regions shown in confocal images in F-I, M and N. (F–I) Confocal images of terminals from wild type or dFezf1 L3 neurons (green), within the outer medulla (M1-M6), defined by R7 and R8 axons (magenta, mAB24B10). (J) quantification. N is the total number of neurons counted per genotype. 10 brains were analyzed for each genotype. (K, L) Confocal images show L3 clones (magenta) within the outer medulla and, within L3 terminals, Brp (green) expression and localization. Brp expressed from its native promoter within a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) was selectively tagged with smFPV5 in L3 MARCM clones, and visualized using an anti-V5 antibody. N-Cadherin (CadN) immunostaining (blue) serves as a neuropil marker. All dFezf1 L3 neurons displayed Brp puncta in their terminals. At least five brains were analyzed for each genotype. (M and N) Morphologies of dendrites from wild type or dFezf1 L3 neurons in the lamina.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: All urban residents benefit equally from community gardens. [SEP] Text: These results were similar to the results of Hwang (2018) that activities related to community vegetable gardens improved the surrounding environment of residences and thus increased the satisfaction with the surrounding environment, indicating that residents’ satisfaction with the surrounding environment and participation in activities related to community vegetable gardens are major variables that increase their community spirit. problems raised by the concentration of population in urban areas have caused problems such as deteriorated infrastructure in original downtown areas and those related to transportation and environmental pollution. Residents in original downtown areas have also moved to other areas, and urban regeneration has emerged as an alternative to address such problems. Under the assumption that creating community vegetable gardens is effective in imp roving not only cities’ physical environment but also revitalizing cities considering their social and cultural environments, this study conducted frequency and descriptive analyses on 35 residents (experimental group) who participated in activities related to community gardens and 30 residents (control group) who did not participate in the activities in Jungnosong-dong, Wansan-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do to examine differences in the components of the surrounding environment of residences, and their settlement and community spirit between the two groups. An independent two sample t-test and regression analysis were conducted to examine changes in their community spirit after creating community gardens. The demographic characteristics of respondents were empirically analyzed. The share of females in the experimental group was higher than males, while the share of males and females in the control group was the same. The overall share of females was higher. The share of those aged over 70 years was the highest both in the two groups, and the share of homemakers was the highest (40%). The share of those who lived with spouse was the highest (36. 9%), and the share of those whose average monthly income was less than 1 million won was the highest (32. 3%). The results of a survey on respondents’ perception of the surrounding environment of residences showed that the score of the experimental group was in overall higher than that of the control group, indicating that those in the experimental group perceived the surrounding environment more. In terms of settlement and community spirit, the satisfaction level of the experimental group was higher than the average, while that of the control group was lower than the average.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: 2015 Jul 20; 25(14): 1932–1937. Pub| Text 13. Davidson AJ, Castanon-Cervantes O, Leise TL, et al. : Visualizing jet lag in the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus and peripheral circadian timing system. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2009 Jan; 29(1): 171–180. Pub| Text 14. : Light-and Lesion Phenotypes. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 2021 Jan 19; 10(2): e018151. Epub 2021/01/07. Pub| Text | Text 15. :. Cell Metab. 2016 Aug 9; 24(2): 324–331. Pub| Text | Text 16. : Disrupting circadian homeostasis of sympathetic signaling promotes tumor development in mice. PLoS One. 2010 Jun 7; 5(6): e10995. Epub 2010/06/12. Pub| Text | Text 17. : of Suppresses Hepatocarcinogenesis. Cancer Cell. 2016 Dec 12; 30(6): 909–924. Pub| Text | Text 18. : Circadian disruption promotes tumor-immune microenvironment remodeling favoring tumor cell proliferation. Sci. Adv. 2020 Oct; 6(42). Epub 2020/10/16. Pub| Text | Text 19. : Transkingdom control of microbiota diurnal oscillations promotes metabolic homeostasis. Cell. 2014 Oct 23; 159(3): 514–529. Pub| Text 20. : Glucose tolerance in mice exposed to light-dark stimulus patterns mirroring dayshift and rotating shift schedules. Sci. Rep. 2017 Jan 12; 7: 40661. Epub 2017/01/13. Pub| Text | Text 21. : A rotating light cycle promotes weight gain and hepatic lipid storage in mice. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 2018 Dec 1; 315(6): G932–G942. Pub| Text 22. : The circadian clock protects against ionizing radiation-induced cardiotoxicity. . 2020 Feb; 34(2): 3347–3358. Pub| Text | Text 23. : The circadian clock protects against acute radiation-induced dermatitis. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2020 Jul 15; 399: 115040. Epub 20200515.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Smart cities often implement IoT devices to monitor energy and water usage. [SEP] Text: -19 PreprintsProtocolsVideosJournalsTools & a 10. 21203/rs. 3. rs-3727101/v1This work is licensed under a CC BY 4. 0 LicenseStatus:PostedVersion 1posted You are reading this latest preprint versionAbstractThe delivery and management of clean water are crucial for the long-term growth of Smart Cities. However, controlling water quality and delivery in a smart city is a difficult and time-consuming process. In this work, we suggest a unique solution for smart water quality monitoring and distribution in that combines Internet of Things (IoT) with blockchain technology. We describe a system based on that provides safe and efficient data gathering, authentication, preservation, and smart contract execution. A continuous monitoring of water quality parameters, such as pH, temperature, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen, is achieved using the proposed IoT system. The collected data is stored on a secure blockchain ledger using Hyperledger Fabric, ensuring transparency, immutability, and security. Smart contracts are used to automate the water distribution process, enabling the system to efficiently allocate water resources based on demand and quality. Furthermore, the use of blockchain technology ensures that water quality data cannot be tampered with, providing a high degree of trust and accountability in the system. Overall, the proposed system represents a significant step towards a sustainable and secure future for water management in cities. This technology can revolutionize the way we manage and distribute water resources, ensuring safe and clean drinking water for future generations. cloud computingdigital waterindustrial IoTsmart citysmart water networkswater supply chainwireless communicationFiguresFigure 1Figure 2Figure 3Figure 4Figure 5Figure 6Figure 7Figure 81. IntroductionThe smart city has several difficulties. Water management is one of them. This issue is considered essential for humans and the environment. (WQ) is a measure of quality over time and at a specific place. Around 250 million incidences of illness infections are recorded worldwide each year as a result of water contamination. Smart water management systems that integrate blockchain and IoT help enhance sustainability, compliance, and consumption management [1]. Human well-being and economic growth must have access to clean and safe water. To determine the quality and purity of water, a set of biological, physical, and chemical properties are used. Due to factors including population increase, urbanization, and climate change, water supplies are being strained more and more in many cities.

Output: corroborate