Input: Claim: Virtual reality will completely replace traditional education methods. [SEP] Text: Since using 2D symbols in a VR scene hinders immersion, which is crucial (Liberatore and Wagner 2021), and because a 2D arrow cannot be seen on the Z-axis of the 3D space, it was important to use a 3D arrow. The arrow was designed to hang directly above the characters, cameras, and lights during the experiment to allow the participants to easily distinguish them from the props in the scene and serve as a reminder and guide. The arrow was suspended above the object being manipulated. When the object changed, the position of the arrow changed accordingly. 2. 3 Measurement instruments2. 3. 1 Cognitive loadThe NASA-TLX is an important tool for developing new measures and models (Hart 2006). It contains six subscales that measure cognitive load: mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, frustration, effort, and performance. Each subscale is scored from 1 to 100. Previous studies have analysed the reliability, validity, and sensitivity of the NASA-TLX to measure cognitive load, mainly in the field of education. The NASA-TLX is reliable, with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0. 73. As this is above the suggested threshold of 0. 6, it suggests its inherently good reliability (Longo and Orru 2018). In particular, the NASA-TLX has proven to be effective and user-friendly for measuring the effects of cognitive load on learning outcomes in several experimental studies involving VR environments (Papachristos et al. 2018; Shin and Park 2019; Zhao et al. 2020). 2. 3. 2 Academic performanceThe participants rated the effectiveness of the characters, cameras, and lights used in the VR labs. Ten items were measured, each on a scale of 1 to 10 (Table 1). A lecturer graded their scores and the total score (out of 100) served as the measure of the students’ academic performance. Table 1 Data collection sheetFull size table2. 4 ProcedureBefore the experiment, the lecturer explained to all the participants the use of the hardware and operation of the software in the VR labs. This took approximately 5 min. Each student was also provided with an operating manual. Following the lecturer’s explanation, the participants operated the system manually for 10 min. Next, the participants watched a 10-min presentation on how to use the VR lab for the digital camera experiments. This presentation was prepared in advance and played on a VR laptop by each group of participants.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: These AGI concepts are not impossible to create but require a mind shift in our approach to AI. Starting with a text-based system like ChatGPT and attempting to extend it to handle multisensory information, a mental model, cause and effect, and the passage of time is a daunting prospect. But starting with a data structure and set of algorithms to handle this diverse information and extending them to the text abilities of GPT with the vision, planning and decision-making of an autonomous robot is a much more promising approach. AGI vs. the When considering the likelihood of such a system, understand that the human brain does all these things in an organ that weighs about 3. 3 pounds and uses about 12 watts of energy. We know a lot about the brain’s structure and the way its neurons work but have yet to fill in the complete picture. Biological neurons function differently from the “perceptrons” of today’s neural networks at a basic level, and this accounts, in part, for the unparalleled energy efficiency of the brain. We do know that the initial structure of the brain is defined by our DNA, and the complete human genome is only about 750 MB. What fraction of our DNA defines the brain? We don’t know because the structure of any human part is largely dependent on its chemistry, and we have a much better idea of how DNA applies to chemistry than about how it applies to structure. But somehow, the DNA defines the structure of a person, which includes the structure and chemistry of the brain. Once the brain is “turned on,” its structure immediately begins to modify itself to handle the data and experiences it receives. We can presume, though, that generalized intelligence is a direct outgrowth of the structure that is defined by our DNA. The neocortex is the part of the brain humans use to think. Maybe its structure is defined by only 1% of that DNA, maybe 10%. Again, we really don’t know, but that means we might be able to define a complete AGI in a program that is as small as 7. 5 MB. And 7. 5 MB is a program that is well within the scope of a research team to write in just a few years. Thus, the AGI problem is really what is going to be written, not what the underlying structure requires gigabytes to define.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Telehealth services have become increasingly popular, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. [SEP] Text: [CrossRef]. Telemedicine satisfaction in pregnant women during the Covid-19 pandemic. RMGO 2022 Mar 22;7(1):1-5. [CrossRef]. Adherence and acceptability of telehealth appointments for high-risk obstetrical patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. 2020 Nov;2(4):100233 [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline]. Patient satisfaction with virtual-based prenatal care: implications after the COVID-19 pandemic. 2021 Nov 19;25(11):1735-1743 [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline] Evaluating factors of greater patient satisfaction with outpatient cardiology telehealth visits during the COVID-19 pandemic. 2021 Dec;2(6):312-322 [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline]. Patient satisfaction with telehealth during COVID-19: experience in a rural county on the United States-Mexico border. E Health 2021 Aug 01;27(8):859-865. [CrossRef] [Medline] Age-based disparities in telehealth use in an urban, underserved population in cancer and pulmonary clinics: A need for policy change. J 2022 May 30;34(5):731-737. [CrossRef] Telemedicine use and health-related concerns of patients with chronic conditions during COVID-19: a survey of members of online health communities. J Res 2021 Feb 01:e23795 [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline]Health equity considerations and racial and ethnic minority groups. for Immunization and (U. S. ). Division of Viral Diseases. 2020. URL: [accessed 2022-07-22] Chang M, Lipner S. Disparities in telemedicine satisfaction among older and non-White dermatology patients: a cross-sectional study. J 2022 Mar 01;21(2):210-214. [CrossRef] [Medline]Centiment. URL: [accessed 2022-07-20] RStudio. URL: [accessed 2022-09-29] Australian women's experiences of receiving maternity care during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional national survey.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Virtual reality will completely replace traditional education methods. [SEP] Text: (2016), who posited that reducing cognitive load in VR experiments leads to improved performance and learning outcomes. In contrast to those previous studies that have found no correlation between cognitive load and academic performance (Tugtekin and Odabasi 2022), this study found a relationship, which may be due to the boundary conditions, including age, gender, and prior knowledge. Mayer (2010) found that certain boundary conditions or regulating variables in the principles are applicable to multimedia learning or the activation of instructional design techniques. In other words, adopting certain design methods or learning materials for certain learners enables multimedia learning principles to function more effectively. Therefore, discussing the boundary conditions of instructional design in a VR lab would not only ensure a more rational application of these principles but also have great theoretical and applicable value. Specific methods of incorporating interactivity can also serve as boundary conditions in VR labs. The design and control of these boundary conditions can then function as research variables; thus, measuring cognitive load can enable the study of the learning outcomes. Finally, cognitive load is not only highly correlated with the design of teaching materials, but it has also been identified as a key component in the field of usability research (2010; and Hassan 2019). 5 ConclusionThis study examined the cognitive load and academic performance of students conducting experiments in two types of VR labs (one with and one without an attentional guidance mechanism) as well as analysed the relationship between cognitive load and academic performance. The findings indicated a significant difference between the two groups, with the students in the attentional guidance group having lower cognitive load and higher academic performance on average. The regression analysis revealed that cognitive load has a negative effect on academic performance. Taken together, these results suggested that introducing an attentional guidance mechanism into the studied digital camera course reduces cognitive load and improves students’ academic performance significantly. Furthermore, the findings also highlighted the importance of cognitive load for academic performance. The empirical findings in this study reinforced the importance of designing a method of attentional guidance in a VR lab that is different from traditional multimedia teaching. Although the study’s findings were based on a small sample size, which is a limitation of the study, they confirmed the effective design of the VR lab in question. Thus, supplementing VR labs, which are increasingly used in education, with attentional guidance mechanisms can improve students’ academic performance. 6 Limitations and future directionsThis study has some limitations.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: At this point, we simply don’t know what to write as the fundamental AGI algorithm. The massive computer programs of today’s AI might not even be necessary for AGI. emergence of AGI is likely to be gradual rather than all at once because advances in AGI development will create solutions or capabilities that will be individually marketable. Consider how adding a generic mental model would enhance any mobile system, such as an autonomous robot or self-driving car. Consider how improving language skills has already revolutionized personal assistants and online search. Consider how understanding the interactions of things will improve system decision-making. All these capabilities already exist at some level. As they are merged and each advances at its own rate, systems will approach or exceed human-level ability in some areas and others will lag behind. Today’s AI has superhuman capabilities in some areas and can’t match the abilities of most 3-year-olds in others. This situation will continue, and AI will advance sporadically in different areas – who is to say a system that (for example) can pass graduate-level exams in many areas but can’t make a cup of coffee is a “general intelligence” or not? Impeding long-term AGI development is the commercial need for short-term results. Take, for example, the current state-of-the-art computer vision used in self-driving cars, which is generally inadequate for safety. To solve this problem, the vision of self-driving cars is augmented with other sensors (radar, lidar, ultrasound, etc. ) that provide more absolute information about the car’s surroundings. Even though this represents a great solution to optical vision in self-driving cars, it may or may not contribute to advancing an overall AGI system. The additional sensors, in fact, may “solve” the present problem in a way that relegates improvements to the underlying vision system to the back burner. We Won’t have widely varying levels of ability. test has long been an exemplar for general intelligence, but as systems like ChatGPT get closer to human-level language abilities, the goalposts need to be moved. It is clear that for ChatGPT to pass a Turing test, it would have to be reprogrammed to lie about its own abilities and limitations – not a desirable outcome.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Telehealth services have become increasingly popular, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. [SEP] Text: Home E-submission us and scope About the journal Editorial board Management policy Best practice Open access Contact us 223. Published online: July 31, 2024 DOI: Satisfaction of Patients and Physicians with during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A and Meta-Fadaizadeh1, Farnia Velayati1, Morteza Arab-Zozani2 1of Tuberculosis and (), University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2of Center, of : Morteza Arab-Zozani, of Center, of. Tel: +985632381272, E-mail: arab. hta@gmail. com ( 18, 2024 13, 2024 25, 2024 © 2024 Society of This is an 4. 0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) posed significant challenges to healthcare systems, prompting the widespread adoption of telehealth to provide medical services while minimizing the risk of virus transmission. This study aimed to assess the satisfaction rates of both patients and physicians with telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic. were conducted in the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases from January 1, 2020, to January 1, 2023. We included studies that utilized telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic and reported satisfaction data for both patients and physicians. Data extraction was performed using a form designed by the researchers. A meta-analysis was carried out using random-effects models with the OpenMeta-Analyst software. A subgroup analysis was conducted based on the type of telehealth services used: telephone, video, and a combination of both. an initial pool of 1,454 1. The inclusion criteria for this study encompassed a range of research that investigated the use of telehealth services to deliver care during the COVID-19 pandemic, while also assessing the satisfaction of both patients and physicians. We included only studies published in English. Studies for which the full text was not available or that reported insufficient data were excluded.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Virtual reality will completely replace traditional education methods. [SEP] Text: Effectiveness of immersive virtual reality in teaching empathy to medical students: a mixed methods study 1, Sarah Peyre1, Anne Nofziger2 & …Raffaella Borasi1 Show authors 835 Accesses 1 Citation 2 all metrics AbstractEmpathy in healthcare has been associated with positive outcomes such as increased patient satisfaction and reduced medical errors. However, research has indicated a decline in empathy among medical professionals. This study examined the effectiveness of Reality (IVR) for empathy training in medical education. A convergent mixed methods pretest posttest design was utilized. Participants were 1st-year medical students who engaged in an empathy training IVR educational intervention around a scenario depicting older adults struggling with social isolation. of Empathy (JSE) questionnaire was administered before and after the intervention to measure the change in empathy levels. Data were analyzed using a paired sample t-test on the pre-/post-test JSE empathy scores to assess the change in empathy scores. Nineteen qualitative semi structured interviews were conducted immediately after the IVR experience and follow-up interviews were conducted six months later. Qualitative data collected from the interviews’ transcripts were analyzed using a thematic and content analysis approach to capture individual experiences. Students (n = 19) scored 5. 94 points higher on the posttest JSE questionnaire compared to pretest (p < 0. 01) indicating an improvement in empathy levels. Qualitative analysis showed that the IVR training was well received by the students as a valuable empathy-teaching tool. Immersion, presence, and embodiment were identified as the main features of IVR technology that enhanced empathy and understanding of patients’ experiences. The debriefing sessions were identified as a key element of the training. IVR-based training could be an effective teaching tool for empathy training in medical education and one that is well received by learners. Results from the study offer preliminary evidence that using IVR to evoke empathy is achievable. Similar content being viewed by others Evaluating medical student engagement during virtual patient simulations: a sequential, mixed methods study 2. 1 Study designThe study used a convergent mixed methods pretest posttest and qualitative research design that focused on medical students’ engagement in an IVR experience that portrayed an older adult character’s physical and mental health struggles. A debriefing session was conducted as a part of the training intervention.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: - Document précédent - Document suivant 38 | 2020Shakespeare et le monde animal Métaphores bestiales : symbolique de l'animalité An animal by any other name : identité culturelle et symbolisme animal dans le Roméo et Juliette d’Oh Tae-Animal by Name : in Oh Tae-Suk’s Romeo and Juliet Charlène Cruxent Résumé | Index | Plan | Texte | Notes | Citation | Auteur Résumés Français 1999, la représentation du Roméo et Juliette d’Oh Tae-Suk a été interprétée dans plusieurs pays. Des changements importants sont survenus depuis la première, mais certains éléments ont perduré : la Nourrice s’adresse à son entourage avec des noms d’animaux et les acteurs portent des masques d’animaux lors de la scène du bal. L’imaginaire animal ainsi que la référence à l’astrologie (signes du zodiaque) permettent d’identifier et de caractériser les personnages sur scène, élément de la culture coréenne qu’Oh Tae-Suk ajoute à l’intrigue shakespearienne. Cependant, ce n’est pas suffisant pour résumer l’esthétique d’Oh Tae-Suk. D’autres aspects essentiels contribuent à faire de l’histoire des amants maudits un thème universel, comme l’absence de noms propres et la présence de masques animaliers. Les effets visuels et sonores sur scène remplacent les mots présents dans la tragédie shakespearienne, présentant ainsi l’amour entre deux êtres comme transcendant le langage.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Telehealth services have become increasingly popular, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. [SEP] Text: The results revealed an overall satisfaction rate of 81% with telehealth services (95% confidence interval [CI], 78%–85%; standard error [SE] = 0. 02; p < 0. 01). The I2 statistic suggested a high level of heterogeneity among the studies, at 98. 27%. The forest plot for this analysis is presented in Figure 2. In the studies, patients reported an overall satisfaction rate of 83% (95% CI, 79%–87%; SE = 0. 02, p < 0. 01). Heterogeneity among the studies, as measured by the I2 statistic, was 98. 29%. Figure 3 depicts the forest plot for this analysis. The overall satisfaction rate among physicians was 74% (95% CI, 57%–91%; SE = 0. 09; p < 0. 01). The heterogeneity of the studies on physicians, as indicated by the I2 statistic, was 97. 31%. The forest plot for this analysis is illustrated in Figure 4. A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the types of telehealth technology and the associated satisfaction rates. This analysis categorized studies into three subgroups based on the use of telehealth services via telephone, video, or a combination of both. The overall satisfaction rate for studies utilizing telehealth services via telephone was 77% (95% CI, 70%–85%; SE = 0. 04, p < 0. 01). There was significant heterogeneity among studies involving telephone-based services, as indicated by an I2 statistic of 97. 55%. The corresponding forest plot for this analysis is presented in Figure 5. The overall satisfaction rate for studies using telehealth services via video was 86% (95% CI, 80%–92%; SE = 0. 03; p < 0. 01). The heterogeneity among studies involving video-based services, as indicated by an I2 statistic of 85. 45%, suggests substantial variability. The corresponding Forest plot for this analysis can be found in Figure 6. The overall satisfaction rate for studies that provided telehealth services via video and telephone was 77% (95% CI, 67%–88%; SE = 0. 05; p < 0. 01). The heterogeneity among studies that combined video and telephone-based services, as indicated by an I2 statistic of 98. 57%, was substantial. The forest plot for this analysis is presented in Figure 7. 4. The overall quality score for the included studies was 7, indicating moderate quality.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Virtual reality will completely replace traditional education methods. [SEP] Text: They re-lived Frank’s attempts to navigate his new way of life, experience the disease symptoms, experience destructive impacts of social isolation and understand how it can overlap with loneliness, absent family relationships, poor health, and inability to access community services. Through embodying Frank and experiencing his story, participants gain insights into common factors contributing to social isolation in older adults, understand its effects on health, and learn about the importance of supportive relationships and community engagement for older adults to thrive. A full description of “Lab” experience from the Software library is provided in 1. The IVR experience of social isolation and loneliness was divided into three modules, each presenting a story line with different outcomes. After each of the story lines of the IVR scenario, a debriefing session was done by the PI with the medical student as part of the educational intervention. The debriefing conversational structure followed the “debriefing with good judgment” approach (Maestre and Rudolph 2014; Rudolph et al. 2006). This approach values the unique perspective of the trainees and aims to learn which participant frames drove their understanding by creating a context to learn important lessons that will help them move toward key learning objectives (Maestre and Rudolph 2014; Rudolph et al. 2006). The debriefing session focused on allowing the students to reflect on their emotions and to elicit an understanding of the patients’ experiences that they have embodied. The debriefing questions also encouraged the students to make connections between what they have experienced and how it can change their medical practice as future physicians serving the older adults population. Debriefing was viewed as critical because it brings forth a practice that enables learners to reflect on their learning, fill in performance gaps, and transfer their learning to real-world practice (Fanning and Gaba 2007; Gardner 2013; Phrampus and O’Donnell 2013). 2. 4 Data collection methods2. 4. 1 Quantitative data collection methodsPrimary quantitative data collection used the JSE Questionnaire as a Pre-Test and Post-test measuring tool. The JSE (S-version) is a psychometrically validated and broadly used instrument that was developed to measure medical students’ orientations and attitudes towards empathic relationships in the context of patient care (Hojat, 2016). The questionnaire contains 20 items, each answered on a 7-point Likert scale (strongly agree = 7, strongly disagree = 1).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: Ce compte rendu critique démontre comment l’imaginaire animal tel qu’utilisé dans la représentation du Roméo et Juliette d’Oh Tae-Suk, qui a eu lieu en 2018 au théâtre national de Craiova en Roumanie, fait partie intégrante de l’esthétique du metteur en scène sud-coréen. Grâce à l’alliance d’une dramaturgie « européenne » et d’éléments culturels coréens, Oh Tae-Suk répand un message d’espoir pour une paix universelle à l’échelle internationale adaptant une tragédie shakespearienne que sa troupe de théâtre expose aux quatre coins du monde. Oh Tae-Suk’s production of Romeo and Juliet has been touring internationally since 1999. If major changes have occurred since the premiere, some elements have remained the same : the Nurse addresses the characters on stage uttering animal names, and the actors wear animal masks during the ball scene. Together with several 1. Ces deux animaux représentent Hyeon-mu ( 사신도(현무 ), aussi connu sous le nom de Tortue-Serpent, figure de la mythologie coréenne qui était responsable du maintien de l’harmonie entre le yin et le yang, deux forces cosmiques opposées2. 2La représentation commence avec le retentissement du tonnerre, le retrait de la toile et l’entrée d’une quinzaine d’acteurs. Deux groupes distincts s’affrontent : munis d’épées, les acteurs exécutent une chorégraphie au ralenti. Ils font alors des mouvements semblables à ceux effectués lors d’un combat d’art martial.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Telehealth services have become increasingly popular, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. [SEP] Text: The quality scores of these studies varied from 3 to 10. Among them, the cohort study demonstrated superior quality compared to the cross-sectional and case-control studies. systematic review examined satisfaction with telehealth care during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results indicated that both patients and healthcare professionals were generally satisfied with telehealth services. Overall, it seems that patient satisfaction with telehealth care exceeds that of physicians. The findings of this study are consistent with the systematic review by Pogorzelska and Chlabicz [12], which showed high patient satisfaction with telehealth care across various medical specialties. Moreover, patients regarded telehealth as a valuable resource for consulting with providers during the COVID-19 pandemic. In terms of physician satisfaction, our results align with those reported by Hoff and Lee [13], indicating that physicians from diverse specialties, geographic and practice locations, as well as care situations, are generally satisfied with using telehealth for patient care and consultations with other physicians. Additionally, our findings concur with those of Aashima et al. [14], demonstrating that both physicians and patients favor the ongoing use of telehealth. Moreover, the results of this study indicated that participants’ overall satisfaction with telehealth was higher when using video-based technology. These findings align with those of Saiyed et al. [15] and Gentry et al. [2], which demonstrated a preference among physicians for video-based telehealth. Additionally, physicians reported high levels of acceptability, feasibility, appropriateness, and satisfaction with this modality. The findings are consistent with those of Monaghesh and Hajizadeh [16], who reported that video conferencing can reduce physical contact. This reduction in contact decreases the risk of exposure to contaminated respiratory secretions and helps prevent the transmission of infections to healthcare providers, all while maintaining patient satisfaction. Satisfaction was assessed using various techniques across different studies; there was no uniform approach applied consistently. Additionally, it is important to recognize that satisfaction is a multidimensional concept, representing various aspects that can differ from one individual to another and may be influenced by cultural factors specific to each country. Unsurprisingly, satisfaction with telehealth was consistently high across various healthcare domains, as it provided a viable alternative for enhancing longevity and offering protection against COVID-19 infection. While patients widely embraced telehealth and expressed satisfaction, this heightened satisfaction may not accurately reflect their true sentiments and attitudes toward telehealth.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Virtual reality will completely replace traditional education methods. [SEP] Text: Seventeen students agreed that the training provided a better understanding of older adults’ patients’ experiences compared to other teaching methods such as lectures, reading 3. 2. 1. 2 Theme 2: unique features of IVR empathy trainingThe students identified several unique characteristics of the IVR experience as impactful in increasing the effectiveness of the training in enhancing their empathy towards the IVR character, and hence towards older adults dealing with loneliness and social isolation more generally. Embodying the IVR character and being able to walk in his shoes All the students mentioned that they felt that they became the character in the IVR scenario and were walking in his shoes, although this was reported at varying levels. Out of the 19 students, 12 said that they felt they were able to fully become the IVR character, while the remaining 7 said that this feeling was partial. Several students used the phrases “walking in his shoes” and “seeing through his eyes” to express their feeling during the IVR experience. Interestingly, although some of the students mentioned that they were not able to fully embody the IVR character and maintained their own sense of perception of self, they were still able to walk in his shoes in some way and that it did not necessarily take away from the experience. A few students said that having a story line with multiple scenarios and elements that they could carry forward in time added to the experience. Moreover, having specific examples like the IVR character’s interaction with his daughter and son, or getting lost in the woods, was very helpful in getting a deeper understanding of his struggles. Immersion, presence, and engagement in the IVR experience The majority of the students mentioned that they felt fully immersed in the IVR experience with a perception of the virtual environment as being real and a loss of perception of the real world around them. This immersion increased their sense of becoming the IVR character, their engagement with his story, and enhanced their empathy towards him. Some students indicated that this sense of immersion increased as they spent more time in the IVR experience. The longer they spent time being the IVR character, the more detached they felt from their real surroundings and the more immersed they became. students found that being able to interact with and move objects in the IVR environment increased their sense of immersion and engagement with the IVR experience.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: L’harmonie et la quiétude présentes jusqu’alors sur scène disparaissent donc au moment même où la toile représentant Hyeon-mu, la Tortue-Serpent, est retirée de la scène. Symboliquement, cet animal mythique et mystique véhicule un sens qu’un spectateur pourrait occulter s’il n’a pas connaissance de sa signification. En effet, la pièce est jouée en coréen et si une traduction en anglais est fournie via des écrans au-dessus de la scène, aucune indication n’est affichée pour exposer l’identité d’Hyeon-mu. 3 Walker, « ‘Romeo and Juliet’ Korean style », 28 juillet 2010, (. . . ) 3Tout au long de la représentation, pléthore de références aux animaux, tel le renard, apparaissent. De la même façon que pour la Tortue-Serpent, elles ne peuvent être comprises dans leur globalité que par le truchement du folklore coréen, ce qui a poussé plusieurs critiques de théâtre à considérer la mise en scène d’Oh Tae-Suk comme un « Romeo and Style3 ». L’utilisation du symbolisme animal dans le Roméo et Juliette du dramaturge témoigne en effet de l’appropriation de la tragédie shakespearienne dans un contexte coréen, mais pas seulement. Les changements opérés par le metteur en scène entre la première représentation de son Roméo et Juliette en 1995 et celles des années 2010 montrent qu’Oh Tae-Suk, bien qu’il utilise des éléments typiques du théâtre coréen, présente le mythe des amants maudits comme universel.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Telehealth services have become increasingly popular, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. [SEP] Text: Instead, it could be influenced by the psychological atmosphere and fear prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, caution should be exercised when generalizing these findings to periods not affected by COVID-19. Consequently, caution is also advised when extending these telehealth satisfaction findings to times unrelated to the pandemic. Telehealth appears to be a viable alternative for delivering healthcare services during widespread disease outbreaks, particularly through the use of video technology. The ability to engage visually and interactively with healthcare providers and patients likely enhances the appeal of this technology over other methods. Our study has several limitations. First, there was significant heterogeneity among the studies, which varied by type of study, participant demographics, tools used, context, type of service, etc. This heterogeneity necessitates further investigation in future research. We recommend that other researchers conduct studies focusing on the specific items mentioned here. Additionally, this study confirms the legitimacy of non-face-to-face treatments and services during the pandemic. However, it is a limitation that studies conducted across various countries and environments, involving subjects ranging from children to the elderly and those with diseases, demonstrated satisfaction despite high heterogeneity. Furthermore, it is advisable to examine patient satisfaction outcomes, particularly in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. This period has seen a reduced willingness among patients to attend in-person appointments. As a result, there may be an increase in patient satisfaction with telehealth services due to these changes. Furthermore, telehealth should be considered a standard method for delivering healthcare services, not only during pandemics but also in the post-pandemic era. Such foresight facilitates the preparation and implementation of the necessary infrastructure, ensuring that telehealth can be utilized more effectively during crises. of potential conflict of interest relevant to this 57. 7 [A2] Sharawat et al. , 2020 Prospective follow-up study and adolescents with migraine Telephone consultations (teleconsultation) 51 caregivers Mar 25–Jun 4, 2020 Average9. 42 ± 3. 19 52 [A3] Ambrosini et al. , 2020 Follow-up Italy Uro-oncology E-mail accompanied by a telephone call from the urologist 60 patients 9, 2020 - - [A4] Chesnel et al. , 2021 Experience of the COVID-19 pandemic France Neuro-urology Teleconsultations by telephone 221 patients Mar 16–Jun 30, 2020 55. 4 ± 14.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Virtual reality will completely replace traditional education methods. [SEP] Text: Being able to interact with the IVR environment held the students accountable to be involved in the experience and helped them focus on what was happening around them. It made them feel in control and gave them a sense of agency. Students also mentioned that the interactivity feature added to the realism of the experience, made it more active and reinforced their feeling of becoming the IVR character—even though several students also pointed out that what they were able to do in the IVR environment was quite limited. 3. 2. 1. 3 Theme 3: debriefing is an essential part of the IVR trainingAll the students found the debriefing session to be an integral part of the training. They indicated that it added value to their understating of the patients’ experience as well as the role of empathy and empathic communication in patient care. Four students indicated that the training without the debriefing session “would not have been the same. ” These students also said that reflecting on their understanding of what socially isolated patients go through, as it took place in the debriefing, made the experience more relevant for them and thus beneficial for empathy attainment. All the students mentioned that the debriefing questions prompted them to think deeper about the experience and introduced new ideas on the role of empathy and communication in patient care that would have been missed otherwise. The debriefing session helped them make connections between what they have experienced and learned in the IVR environment and their role as future physicians, which made the training more relevant. 3. 2. 2 Findings from the 6 months follow-up interviews (n = 17) (Table 4)Table 4 Themes that emerged from the 6 months follow-up interviews dataFull size table3. 2. 2. 1 Theme 1: enduring learning from IVR trainingFifteen students self-reported that they were able to apply what they had learned from the IVR training in standardized patients’ simulation training (SPs) and real patients’ encounters. Students mentioned that the IVR training helped them become empathic toward patients and understand the importance of communicating empathetically to patients during clinical encounters. A student described the IVR-based empathy training as an experience that “humanized” her.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: La présence de certains animaux lors de la représentation de 2018 ajoute d’ailleurs une dimension optimiste et positive à la tragédie shakespearienne avec l’espoir d’une paix universelle à l’échelle nationale (réunification de la Corée, nation qui fut scindée en deux à la fin de la Mondiale) et mondiale (d’où le choix d’exporter la représentation théâtrale en dehors de la Corée). Appeler un chat un chat : caractérisation animale et folklore coréen Des noms et des masques 4 Transcription (partielle) de la représentation de Roméo et Juliette (2006), MIT Global Shakespeare, (. . . ) 5 Kim Yun-Cheol, directeur artistique du « Company of Korea », communication personn (. . . ) 4La scène de combat qui marque le début de la représentation révèle les tensions entre deux familles opposées : un groupe de jeunes gens portant des habits verts (clan des Montaigu) et un autre revêtant des costumes orange (clan des Capulet) font irruption sur scène, agitent leur joy – une arme en bois – exécutant ainsi ce qui s’apparente à une chorégraphie Geommu, ou danse de l’épée traditionnelle en Corée. Après cette scène d’affrontement, la nourrice fait son apparition et apporte une note d’humour pour alléger l’atmosphère tendue – le mélange de la tragédie et de la comédie est un motif récurrent dans le Roméo et Juliette d’Oh Tae-Suk.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Telehealth services have become increasingly popular, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. [SEP] Text: 2 58. 9 [A5] Dias et al. , 2021 Tension-type headache: migraine, trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia, or other primary headache disorders Headache teleconsultation 254 patients May 21–Jul 8, 2020 40. 9 ± 11. 8 88. 0 [A6] Berlin et al. , 2021 Cohort study Virtual care management system (video and telephone) 3,507 patients and 284 practitioners Mar 23–May 22, 2020 - - [A7] Bhuva et al. , 2020 Prospective cohort study Texas, USA Spine physical medicine and rehabilitation patients Telemedicine visits 172 patients Mar and Jun 2020 64. 47 ± 12. 42 53. 3 [A8] Akama-Garren et al. , 2021 Retrospective cohort study USA Patients with acute respiratory symptoms Telemedicine phone calls 1,286 patients Apr 18–Nov 18, 2020 45 66 [A9] Mustafa et al. , 2021 Single-center, prospective study USA Allergy/immunology Video and telephone Video: 66 patientsTelephone: 28 patients Jun 26–Jul 31, 2020 Video: 57 (58. 1%) Video: 58. 1Telephone: 71. 7 [A10] Capusan et al. , 2021 Survey USA Pediatric pulmonary patients Video or audio tele-health 50 patients Mar–Apr 2020 - - [A11] Sathiyaraj et al. , 2020 Survey, cross-sectional study USA patients undergoing prechemotherapy evaluation video visit 70 patients Apr 1–Jul 14, 2020 40 and 60 (60%) 67. 6 [A12] Hasson et al. , 2021 Adult patients with cancer Telemedicine meeting via telephone 172 patients Mar–May 2020 Median: 63 (21–88) 7 [A13] Kenney et al. , 2021 Survey USA Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) Virtual visits using video-conferencing 81 providers38 patients Apr–Jun 2020 Provider: 18–29Patient: 18–29 Provider: 42Patient: 63 [A14] Erlank et al. , 2020 Reported outcome measures UK Early medical abortion (EMA) Follow-up call 1,220 patients Apr 6–Aug 31, 2020 - 98. 1 [A15] Ashmawy et al.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Virtual reality will completely replace traditional education methods. [SEP] Text: Eleven students mentioned that the IVR training has taught them to ask more in-depth questions on the daily lives of their patients during clinical encounters, to notice cues, and to take a more holistic approach when interviewing their patients. Some students also found the IVR training to be a good reminder that the patient interview can be as important as the clinical exam. All the students reported that the training gave them a better perspective into what older adults might be going through, which was valuable and prepared them before they interacted with them directly during clinical encounters. The IVR training also made them provide better counseling to their patients and to make sure they were getting the help and services they needed. 3. 2. 2. 2 Theme 2: IVR can be a beneficial tool for empathy trainingAll the students’ opinions on the effectiveness and value of IVR in empathy training were consistent with the previous findings from the post-training interviews. Even six months after the intervention, students recalled vividly their IVR experience and described being able to put themselves in the patients’ shoes to be the most valuable, powerful, and effective part of the training compared to other teaching methods. They also mentioned that being able to see all aspects of the patients’ daily lives outside the clinical encounter provided a more holistic view of their challenges and enhanced empathy. 4 DiscussionThis study adopted a mixed methods study design to examine the effectiveness of IVR as a teaching tool for enhancing empathy in 1st year medical students participating in an IVR-based learning experience. The intervention consisted of engaging 19 first year medical students in an IVR scenario created by Embodied Labs, Inc. (McDonough 2022) that focused on loneliness and social isolation in older adults and their effects on their health outcomes. In general, the results demonstrated that IVR can be utilized as an effective tool for empathy training for medical students. Consistent changes in participants’ empathy levels were documented both in the differences between pretest and post-test JSE questionnaire scores, in the participants’ self-reported data in the post-training interviews, and in the follow-up interviews that took place 6 months after the training. In addition, the study findings have shown that the overall perceptions of the participants towards IVR as a tool for learning and empathy training were largely positive.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: Elle arrive en courant, interpellant les personnes présentes en utilisant des noms d’animaux : « Blaireau Grenouille Lézard Raton laveur Pieuvre Sauterelle » (« Badger! Frog! Lizard! Raccoon! Octopus! Grasshopper! 4 »). Cette ouverture n’a nullement surpris Kim Yun-Cheol, directeur artistique du « Company of Korea » et président de l’des Critiques de Théâtre, qui explique que dans la culture coréenne, chaque animal est associé à une émotion ou un trait de caractère humain5. Les personnages de la tragédie shakespearienne ne correspondent donc pas à un nom propre, mais à un ou plusieurs attribut(s) conféré(s) à chaque animal. Kim Yun-Cheol indique que les Coréens se donnent souvent des noms d’animaux entre eux en fonction de ce qu’ils veulent exprimer ou dire sur la personne qu’ils interpellent ou surnomment. En outre, il attire l’attention sur les masques d’animaux que certains acteurs portent dans la mise en scène d’Oh Tae-Suk car ils reflètent une caractéristique intrinsèque du personnage, renseignant ainsi les spectateurs sur son identité mais également sur ses intentions et son destin. Les amants maudits : animaux et influence du destin, ou le rôle de l’astrologie 6 Shelly Wu, Chinese Astrology: Exploring the 2005, (. . . ) 7 Transcription de la représentation de Roméo et Juliette (2006), op. cit. , p. 3. 8 Simon Buia, « », photographie accessible en ligne sur : (. . .

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Telehealth services have become increasingly popular, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. [SEP] Text: , 2020 Retrospective study UK Total hip and knee arthroplasties Virtual joint replacement clinic 1,749 patients Jan 2017–Dec 2018 71 (25–98) 58. 72 [A16] Kumar et al. , 2020 Cross-sectional observational study patients Telemedicine consultation 450 patients Apr 1–Apr 30, 2020 38. 03 ± 16. 23 49 [A17] Ong et al. , 2020 Ureteric colic patients Teleconsultation 1,006 patients 2016–2019 42. 3 ± 12. 5 31. 2 [A18] Byrne and Watkinson, 2021 Descriptive cross-sectional UK consultations 59 patients62 clinicians - - Patient: 63Clinician: - [A19] Hentati et al. , 2021 Survey USA Rhinology-visits (audio-video visits) 45 patients Mar 15–Jun 1, 2020 51. 2 ± 16. 0 68. 9 [A20] Gomes et al. , 2021 Transversal study with diabetes, hypertension Teleconsultation 253 individuals Apr 1–May 1, 2020 - - [A21] Kaunitz et al. , 2021 Retrospective survey USA interactive teledermatology 602 patients Mar–Jun 2020 18–75 70. 8 [A22] Koziatek et al. , 2020 Retrospective cohort study USA Assessed for emergency department referrals Virtual urgent care platform 2,668 patients Mar 8–Apr 7, 2020 - 61. 8 [A23] Volcy et al. , 2021 Survey USA Internal medicine (IM) and family medicine (FM) Televisits 94 patients Apr 16–Apr 30, 2020 Average: 57. 7 IM patients: 77. 5FM patients: 79. 8 [A24] Gentry et al. , 2021 Cross-sectional descriptive survey USA Mental health clinicians Video telehealth 193 clinicians Mar–Jun 2020 - 59. 8 [A25] Polunina et al. , 2020 -19 patients Video/audio conferencing 216 COVID-19 patients Apr 30–May 10, 2020 Average: 40. 3 ± 0. 72 (men)44. 2 ± 0. 97 (women) - [A26] Lapadula et al. , 2021 Cross-sectional study USA Neonatology prenatal visits for pregnant women Teleconsultations (video-consult) 50 patients May to mid- Nov 2020 - - [A27] Bate et al.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Virtual reality will completely replace traditional education methods. [SEP] Text: Additionally, there was a consensus among the study participants that the training was helpful as an effective tool for teaching empathy and the students identified debriefing as an integral part of the training. Our study findings corroborate existing trends observed in the general literature regarding the role of IVR as a tool for empathy training (Han et al. 2022; Liu et al. 2024; Ventura et al. 2020; Villalba et al. 2021). However, to the best of our knowledge, this study is one of few to report on behavioral changes and learning transfer in medical students who underwent IVR-based empathy training intervention in clinical training settings and to explore debriefing’s role in this intervention. Despite the modest sample size, a comparison of the mean empathy test score before and after the IVR training showed a significant increase in the students’ empathy levels as measured by the JSE questionnaire, thus providing an objective measure of their learning achieved through their IVR training. These results are consistent with the study participants’ self-reported increase in their empathy towards older adults dealing with social isolation and loneliness, as well as their ability to apply what they have learned during standardized patients and real patients’ encounters. As such, our results further validate a line of research that has demonstrated the effectiveness of IVR-based experiences in improving empathy in its users (Elzie & Shaia 2021; Gugliucci 2019; Papadopoulos et al. 2021; Schutte and Stilinović, 2017; Wijma et al. 2018). Furthermore, the study findings contributes to the expanding body of literature that examines the effects of IVR on various components of empathy (Slater et al. 2019; Ventura and Martingano 2023) by showing that IVR-based empathy training can enhance both the cognitive and emotional components of empathy. Cognitive empathy enhancement was demonstrated by the improvement in the mean scores of the students on the JSE questionnaire, which mainly measures cognitive empathy, and understanding of patients’ perspectives. Furthermore, in their interviews, the students reported gaining a better understanding of the challenges that patients dealing with social isolation and loneliness face on a daily basis.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: ) 5Astrology: Exploring the (2005), révèle que les signes du zodiaque chinois définissent une personne en fonction de l’animal qui lui est associé6. L’importance donnée par Kim Yun-Cheol aux masques dans la mise en scène d’Oh Tae-Suk peut faire penser à l’influence de l’astrologie chinoise qui a une place considérable dans la culture coréenne. L’ajout de ces accessoires devrait donc éclairer le spectateur quant à l’identité des personnages. Lorsque Roméo et son entourage se préparent pour aller au bal organisé par les Capulet, Mercutio fait part de l’idée de se déguiser en fonction des signes du zodiaque pour ne pas être reconnus (« We shall mask ourselves with the signs of the Zodiac7 »). Les jeunes gens du clan des Montaigu arborent donc des masques de cheval, chèvre, chien ou mouton8. 9 Transcription de la représentation de Roméo et Juliette (2006), op. cit. , p. 3. 10 Simon Buia, op. cit. , 11 « In Korea, each animal has a certain character. We characterize each animal in term of human emoti (. . . ) 12 Shelly Wu, op. cit. , p. 11. Dans ce sens l’astrologie chinoise est similaire à l’astrologie européen (. . . ) 13 Transcription de la représentation de Roméo et Juliette (2006), op. cit. , p. 3. 6Mercutio choisit le cochon comme emblème personnel (« I shall be the pig9 »)10, signe du zodiaque associé à l’honnêteté, la liberté, une certaine tendance à l’égoïsme et une aversion contre l’injuste11.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Telehealth services have become increasingly popular, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. [SEP] Text: , 2021 Pre-COVID-19 or COVID-19 subgroups, in both patients and clinicians Web-based video, using web real-time communication technology 1,757 stakeholders (875 patients; 632 parents; 62 adult-based clinicians; and 188 pediatric-based clinicians) Mar 16–Apr 15, 2020 - [A28] Shaverdian et al. , 2021 Survey USA Radiation oncology clinics Telemedicine consultation 114 patients Apr 2–Jun 10, 2020 Median: 65 (19–91) 43 [A29] Alwabiliy et al. , 2021 Cross-sectional descriptive study Facilitate healthcare services Virtual clinics 123 patients May 5–Jul 9, 2020 33 ± 12 61 [A30] Nasser et al. , 2021 Cross-sectional survey study Patients treated through telemedicine programs in Telehealth visits 425 patients Feb–Aug 2020 - 63. 1 [A31] Bizot et al. , 2021 therapy for metastatic and localized cancers Teleconsultations 1,299 patients Apr 6–May 25, 2020 - - [A32] Knaus et al. , 2021 Retrospective review of patients USA Anorectal malformation, Hirschsprung’s disease, functional constipation, myelomeningocele, and spinal injury Telemedicine bowel management programs consisted of video and/or phone call visits (remote) 67 patients May–Oct 2020 Average: 8. 6 (3–18), SD 3. 9 44. 8 [A33] Chang et al. , 2021 Prospective survey study USA Cancer rehabilitation Telerehabilitation stratified by contact method (phone or video) 169 patients Mar 25–May 31, 2020 57. 6 65. 2 [A34] Adams et al. , 2021 Prospective observation study Telehealth consultations by telephone 128 patients Mar 26–Apr 27, 2020Apr 7–Apr 17, 2020 - 69. 5 [A35] Orrange et al. , 2021 Retrospective observational study USA Internal medicine patients Video and telephone consultations 368 patients Fall of 2020 55. 8 ± 16. 0 66 [A36] Kaur et al. , 2020 Survey UK hyperthyroidism Telemedicine 65 patients Jan–May 2020 Average: 53 - [A37] Haxhihamza et al. , 2020 28 patients - 40. 25–19 - [A38] Teng et al.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Virtual reality will completely replace traditional education methods. [SEP] Text: 2021; Sherman and Craig 2018; Shin 2018; Ventura and Martingano 2023). Our findings confirm the ability of IVR experiences to create a sense of presence and immersion in its users that facilitates this empathic feeling of connection with the IVR character and understanding of its perspectives (Buchman and Henderson 2019; Dyer et al. 2018; Elzie and Shaia 2021; Herrera et al. 2018; Liu et al. 2024; Swartzlander et al. 2017; Ventura et al. 2020; Ventura and Martingano 2023). All the students who participated in the training indicated that they felt present and had a sense of “being there” as some of them described it. Accordingly, greater empathy can be developed through the IVR immersive and presence capabilities as well as perspective taking, making the IVR users feel as though they are in the virtual environment and sharing the same space and time as the IVR characters (Barreda-Angeles et al. 2020; Han et al. 2022; Ingram et al. 2019). The capacity of the IVR training to stimulate perspective taking in the study participants was also illustrated in the students’ responses to item 3 and 17 on the JSE questionnaire, which had the most improvement in the mean students’ score. This suggests that the students found the IVR experience effective in allowing them to assume the perspective of the patient by embodying the IVR character. This supports findings in the literature (Bertrand et al. 2018; Han et al. 2022; Todres et al. 2010; Villalba et al. 2021) stating that first-person perspective taking can be fundamental to fully comprehend another person’s point of view and induce empathy through immersive learning experiences. It is worth noting that while our study, in addition to other research, has shown that IVR can have a positive impact on empathy, there are critical perspectives questioning its effectiveness and the depth of empathy it can foster (Herrera et al. 2018). Few studies suggest that VR may enhance emotional empathy but have limitations in improving cognitive empathy (Martingano et al. 2021; Ventura et al. 2020; Ventura & Martingano 2023). On the other hand, a recent study on empathy predictors in VR found direct links to emotional and cognitive empathy (Bacca-Acosta et al. 2023).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: Ces caractéristiques semblent bien désigner ce personnage – dont le nom propre n’est pas mentionné dans la mise en scène d’Oh Tae-Suk – comme l’équivalent de Mercutio dans le Roméo et Juliette de Shakespeare. L’importance accordée à l’astrologie chinoise n’est pas seulement d’ordre pratique, car si les signes du zodiaque permettent de caractériser de façon archétypale un personnage véhiculant les traits de personnalité et le tempérament associés à tel ou tel animal, ils sont fondés sur un calcul mathématique prenant en compte la position des étoiles et planètes lors de la naissance d’un individu12. Les étoiles occupent donc une place prépondérante, et en fonction de l’évolution de ces dernières dans le ciel, elles peuvent avoir une influence sur le présent et le futur des différents signes du zodiaque. Mercutio fait remarquer ceci lorsqu’il demande à Tybalt de reporter leur duel car l’orientation des étoiles ne semble pas être favorable à une personne native du cochon ce jour-là (« Let’s fight tomorrow, today is not a good day according to my zodiac sign13 »). 14 William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet, éd. René Weis, coll. Shakespeare, Londres, Bloomsb (. . . ) 15 L’astrologue indique que l’impulsivité excessive joue un rôle décisif dans l’int (. . . ) 16 et John Young, « Early modern astrology », dans A Cr (. . . ) 17 Idem et J. W. Draper, « Shakespeare’s ‘Star-Crossed Lovers’ », of 15. 57, (. . .

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Telehealth services have become increasingly popular, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. [SEP] Text: , 2021 Prospective monocentric study epilepsy Remote encounters 204 physicians Mar 20–Apr 23, 2020 8. 7 (4. 5–12. 8) - [A39] Al-Sofiani et al. , 2021 adults with type 1 diabetes Interactive virtual educational sessions 210 patients Mar 24–Apr 24, 2020 Median: 21 (IQR, 11) 68 [A40] Mortezavi et al. , 2021 Retrospectively collected patient encounter data USA and video visits 359 patients May 1–May 29, 2020 Median: 59 (21–93) 81. 9 [A41] Palandri et al. , 2020 Negative myeloproliferative neoplasms Telephone or video consultations in patients 87 patients Mar 9–May 4, 2020 - - [A42] Gerbutavicius et al. , 2020 Ophthalmology practice Teleophthalmology (video consultation) 29 patients - 59. 3 55. 17 [A43] Clark and Bradley, 2021 Cross-sectional USA visits 94 patients Apr 1–May 31, 2020 56. 2 ± 16. 1 - [A44] Mohanty et al. , 2020 consultations 122 patients Mar 22–May 8, 2020 - - [A45] Efthymiadis et al. , 2021 Survey UK Urological service Teleconsultation 194 patients Mar 23, 2020 Median: 72 (27–91) 13 [A46] Itamura et al. , 2020 Survey USA Otolaryngology clinic visit Virtual visits 221 patients Mar 1–May 1, 2020 - - [A47] Zhu et al. , 2020 Retrospective single-site cohort study USA Surgical patients and providers (general surgery, otolaryngology, plastic surgery, urology, and vascular surgery) Video telemedicine appointment 26 providers Mar 27–Apr 23, 2020 18–100 51. 9 [A48] Horgan et al. , 2020 Retrospective survey UK Oral and maxillofacial surgical Teleconsultation 109 patients Apr 1–Jun 8, 2020 64. 5 ± 13. 3 45 [A49] Marianayagam et al. , 2021 Retrospective chart review USA craniofacial clinic 90 patients - - - [A50] Riley et al. , 2021 Telephone-based survey USA Otolaryngology practices Routine clinical care for telemedicine consultation 325 patients25 providers Apr–Jul 2020 40–59 (45.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Virtual reality will completely replace traditional education methods. [SEP] Text: These differing findings highlight the need for a nuanced understanding of VR’s role in empathy training, emphasizing the importance of designing VR experiences for empathic effort and perspective-taking in medical education. Our study has some limitations. First, the design lacked comparison data from a control group, so we cannot exclude the impact of external and confounding factors on our results. Nevertheless, using a pretest–posttest design helped us mitigate some of those concerns by providing baseline data on the empathy levels of our study participants before the training, thus enabling us to measure change in those levels after the training. Second, our study might have sampling bias due to the small size convenience sample, which may in turn constrain the generalizability of the study results as well as the qualitative nature of the study which can be specific to the participants. Moreover, given that the interviews and study were conducted by a single investigator, we acknowledge the limitations regarding inter-rater reliability. Third, although a strength of our study was measuring the transferability of empathy learning to clinical settings, this was based solely on self-reported data, which may include possible inherent biases as well as subjectivity of the results. However, when studying a complicated concept such as empathy and perceptions towards an educational intervention, direct input from the participants themselves is necessary to gain a deeper understanding of the phenomena under study (Tavakol et al. 2012). Finally, it is important to note that our study did not include a control group, limiting our ability to compare the effectiveness of the VR-based intervention with alternative training methods or no intervention at all. 5 ConclusionThis study contributes to the emerging literature on the effectiveness of IVR as a teaching tool for medical empathy training. We offered IVR technology as an entry point to providing an effective empathy teaching experience that mimics real life in a safe environment that supports medical students learning. Medical educators are encouraged to consider this new technology as a controlled training to engage students in experiences that would otherwise be difficult to recreate in real life. Moreover, through collaborative efforts with libraries, medical institutions can leverage existing resources and expertise to effectively incorporate VR technology into their curriculum. Moving forward, continued partnerships between libraries and medical schools hold potential for driving innovation and advancing educational practices in healthcare training. As artificial intelligence technologies continue to augment human capacities, it has become inevitable for universities to explore the applications of those technologies to remain innovative and relevant.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: ) 7Oh Tae-Suk reprend ici le paradigme déjà présent dans la tragédie shakespearienne selon lequel la position des astres dans le ciel a une influence sur les individus. Roméo et Juliette sont définis dans le prologue de la pièce comme des amants maudits (« star-crossed lovers14 », Romeo and Juliet prologue l. 6), c’est-à-dire deux personnes subissant l’alignement de planètes qui exercent une influence malveillante15. Même si Roméo déclare vouloir s’affranchir du joug des astres (« defy you, stars », Romeo and Juliet, V. i. 24), il n’échappe pas à son triste sort. Cette corrélation entre les planètes et la vie terrestre n’est d’ailleurs pas une idiosyncrasie de Shakespeare. L’astrologie était communément considérée comme une science durant la période élisabéthaine, et l’équivalent de ce que nous connaissons sous le nom d’horoscope était calculé de façon à comprendre la personnalité et le destin de chaque individu16. La reine Élisabeth 1re avait recours aux services de John Dee, mathématicien et astrologue diplômé de l’Université de Cambridge, qui lui indiquait le moment propice pour lancer une attaque ou organiser des événements importants17. Emblème animal 18 Shakespeare, Craiova, Facebook, photographie accessible en ligne sur : htt (. . . ) 19 Richard E. Strassberg, A Chinese Bestiary: from a (. . . ) 20 Shakespeare, Craiova, op. cit. , (. . .

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Telehealth services have become increasingly popular, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. [SEP] Text: 5%) 49. 8 [A51] Porche et al. , 2021 Retrospective, single-institution, review USA Clinic visits in neurosurgery Telemedicine outpatient clinic visits in neurosurgery 97 patients Mar 1, 2019–Sep 15, 2020 - - [A52] Yoon et al. , 2020 Prospectively studied consecutive USA Neurosurgery outpatient clinic for either brain or spine disease Via real-time video conferencing using 310 patients May 15–Jun 8, 2020 60. 9 ± 13. 6 59 [A53] Richards et al. , 2021 Survey USA Neurosurgical outpatient practices Telemedicine (phone or video) visits 179 patients Jun 1–Aug 15, 2020 63. 1 ± 14. 6 (range 18. 0–91. 0) 49. 7 [A54] Shiff et al. , 2020 Andrology-focused urology practice Telephone 96 patients Mar–Jun 2020 48. 5 (37. 3–62. 8) - [A55] Pinar et al. , 2020 Prospective, bi-centric study for follow-up or oncological urology Urological teleconsultation 105 patients5 urologists Mar 30–Apr 13, 2020 Median: 66 (IQR 55–71) 9. 5 [A56] Gan et al. , 2021 Survey USA Pediatric urology clinic Video visits 631 patients May 2018–Apr 2020 Median: 7 28 [A57] Melian et al. , 2021 Prospective observational cohort study USA Orthopedic and spinal conditions Teleconsultation (telephone) 388 patients Mar 25–Apr 27, 2020 (range 10–94) 56. 1 [A58] Greenfield et al. , 2021 Survey USA Orthopedic care Telemedicine visits 346 patients Mar 23–Apr 24, 2020 Average: 52. 4 ± 17. 3 (range: 18–88) 52. 9 [A59] Fieux et al. , 2020 Prospective study ENT consultation ENT telemedicine consultation (telemedicine consultation used the “SARA” platform) 125 patients Apr 6–Apr 10, 2020 51 (range 18–78) 60. 0 [A60] Layfield et al.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Virtual reality will completely replace traditional education methods. [SEP] Text: We hope that this study would encourage medical education institutes to look beyond traditional teaching methods and incorporate innovative ways and technologies in teaching practices, particularly when the new generations of medical students are becoming keener on experiencing those new modalities for learning. Data availability The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. 688. Description of “Lab” experience from the embodied labs software libraryis a VR application platform that creates immersive VR experiences for users to embody the perspectives and conditions of other people and to assume the first-person perspective of patients. The platform delivers immersive experiences via a VR-ready gaming computer, tethered VR head-mounted display or headset, and propriety software. For the purpose of this study, a scenario called “Lab” that focuses on loneliness and social isolation in elderly patients and their effect on their health outcomes was selected. Through this IVR experience, students get to understand how social isolation can overlap with loneliness, negative or absent family relationships, poor health, lack of access to transportation, and inability to access community services. This IVR scenario was created by the Company by reviewing the existing peer-reviewed literature on social isolation and older adults as well as interviews with partners at Office on Aging and Department of ’s Academy. In this IVR experience, the study participants embody “Frank”, a 72-year-old Caucasian man, beginning a few months after his wife’s passing. The IVR experience is designed as a three modules experience where students get to experience three storylines in each module. Once they wear the headset, the students become fully immersed in a scenario where they see everything from the patient’s point of view. They re-live Frank’s attempts to navigate his new way of life and experience the destructive impacts of social isolation. Below is a description of the three modules in this VR experience and what each storyline entails. 1. 2 First module and storyline: recognizing the common cause of isolation in home, family, and environmentIn the first module, Frank is experiencing grief over the death of his wife Maggie. Maggie’s death has isolated him from his children, friends, and suburban community. Frank has a daughter Kristen who is a busy school teacher and has limited time to chat and visit with her dad.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: ) 8Dans la mise en scène d’Oh Tae-Suk d’avril 2018, Juliette n’est pas singularisée par le biais d’un signe car elle ne porte pas de masque. Cependant, elle est tout de même associée, de la même manière que Mercutio, à un animal – le renard. Lors de la scène du bal, alors que les jeunes hommes du clan des Montaigu portent des masques, les demoiselles du clan des Capulet, vêtues de blanc, tiennent des panneaux rouges de façon à former la silhouette d’un renard18. La couleur rouge crée ici un rappel chromatique et lie Mercutio aux pancartes, comme si ce dernier pouvait aider le spectateur à comprendre l’image du renard en identifiant le lien entre la caractérisation animale via les masques/signes du zodiaque et la présence du renard entre les mains des jeunes femmes. Dans le bestiaire coréen, le renard blanc à neuf queues est vu comme un signe de bon augure en temps de paix, mais c’est surtout l’image du renard comme charmeur qui prévaut dans la mise en scène d’Oh Tae-Suk. En coréen, le mot pour désigner un renard, yeo-u (여우), fait aussi référence à une jeune femme qui sait comment agir afin d’obtenir ce qu’elle veut19. Le renard est en effet associé à des figures féminines qui font bon usage de leur charme et leur intelligence pour attirer leur partenaire (ou leur proie, en fonction du contexte).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Telehealth services have become increasingly popular, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. [SEP] Text: , 2020 Retrospective chart reviews USA Otolaryngology patient (head and neck ambulatory visits) Video-based telemedicine visits 100 patients Mar 18–Apr 24, 2020 62. 6 ± 13. 9 41 [A61] Shahid et al. , 2021 Retrospective survey UK Vitrectomy for retinal detachment Teleconsultation 53 patients Mar 23, 2020 - 51 [A62] Shafi et al. , 2020 Cross-sectional USA Treatment of spinal disorders Telehealth visits as a platform for delivering care for the treatment of spinal pathology 110 patients Mar 25–May 15, 2020 >60 53. 6 COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019, ENT: ear, nose, and throat, IQR: interquartile range. a) The lists refer to 1. 1. Rapid implementation of virtual clinics due to COVID-19: report and early evaluation of a quality improvement initiative. BMJ 2020 9(2):e000985. 2. Clinician satisfaction with rapid adoption and implementation of telehealth services during the COVID-19 pandemic. E Health 2021 27(12):1385-92. 3. -Stevens M. Satisfaction with the use of telehealth during COVID-19: an integrative review. Adv 2020 2:100008. 4. . Patient satisfaction with telehealth in rural settings: a systematic review. Telerehabil 2020 12(2):53-64. 5. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (-P) 2015 statement. 2015 4(1):1. 6. . Cognitive intervention using information and communication technology for older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2021 18(21):11535. 7. . Definitions, survey methods, and findings of patient satisfaction studies in teledermatology: a systematic review. Res 2021 313(4):205-15. 8. -Bee J, Tufanaru C, et al. Revising the JBI quantitative critical appraisal tools to improve their applicability: an overview of methods and the development process. JBI 2023 21(3):478-93. 9. . Meta-Analyst: software for meta-analysis of binary, continuous and diagnostic data. 2009 9:80. 10. .

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Virtual reality will completely replace traditional education methods. [SEP] Text: The case study introduced in this 2. Theoretical scopeSeveral historical buildings no longer exist but historical documents—archive technical documents, drawings, or photographs—have been preserved. Some buildings remain in the living memory of earlier generations or have preserved few physical fragments. Some have been irretrievable destroyed—removed and replaced by new buildings. This historical documents and preserved parts of the building may offer data for a virtual presentation of the extinct significant building or historical monument. The presentation of a hypothetical reconstruction by virtual reality can serve to bring the history, culture, and technology closer to the public [3]. The presentation of the digital model can serve as a graspable presentation of the extinct technical and cultural heritage. In the game industry, the degree of “realness” is referred to the notion of immersion. Immersion is meant as transportation (presence) rather than as absorption [4]. The presumption is that new virtual reality environments with their high fidelity and real-time interaction have higher degree of immersion than conventional physical 3D models. The high degree of immersion of the VR environment is substantial in increasing the effectiveness and attractiveness of education, which is closer to our innate learning by experience. Besides that, with the rising of the degree of immersion, it is easier to compare user experience to real situation, allowing to gather relevant data about user behavior. The user tracking within historically long spatial cognition research is based on K. Lynch’s image of the city [5] and W. H. Whyte’s urban cameras [6] and continues with later explorations as A. Mallot’s experiments with orientation in virtual environments [7] and C. Ratti’s real-time Rome [8]. These studies showed that user tracking is a high-quality source of information, describing certain behavioral patterns. All these experiments tracked human behavior to use it as feedback for further design. However, this new knowledge was not utilized in any practically used analytical tool, e. g. , B. Hillier’s space syntax [9]. This tool, on the other hand, works only with theoretical outcomes of the spatial cognition; it is not implementing the real tracked data [10]. The case study in this contribution is focused on utilization of tracked behavior in analytical tool for evaluating further virtual exhibition designs and presentation spaces.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: C’est le cas de Juliette qui flirte ouvertement avec Roméo lors de la scène du bal et (se) joue de/avec lui lorsqu’il rejoint sa nouvelle épouse dans la chambre de cette dernière. Recouverte d’un tissu blanc, la scène devient un gigantesque lit dans lequel les amoureux folâtrent20. Utilisant ce qui fait office de linge de lit, Juliette joue à cache-cache avec son mari, jeu qui a pour résultat de prendre au piège Roméo qui se retrouve, telle une momie, coincé dans les draps de sa bien-aimée. Un Roméo et Juliette universel : l’esthétique d’Oh Tae-Suk, d’est en ouest L’amour donne des ailes : absence de (petits) noms 21 Scène du balcon. Réplique affichée sur les écrans au-dessus de la scène lors de la représentation d (. . . ) 9Même si des différences par rapport au texte source apparaissent par le biais du symbolisme animal coréen en ce qui concerne l’identification et la caractérisation des personnages, plusieurs éléments peuvent nous amener à voir ce Roméo et Juliette comme une représentation universelle d’une histoire d’amour impossible. Tout d’abord, les deux familles qui s’affrontent dans la mise en scène d’Oh Tae-Suk ne sont à aucun moment identifiées par leur nom.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Telehealth services have become increasingly popular, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. [SEP] Text: Extending DerSimonian and Laird’s methodology to perform multivariate random effects meta-analyses. 2010 29(12):1282-97. 11. Lin L. Comparison of four heterogeneity measures for meta-analysis. J Pract 2020 26(1):376-84. 12. Pogorzelska K, Chlabicz S. Patient satisfaction with telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic-a systematic review. 2022 19(10):6113. 13. Hoff T, Lee DR. Physician satisfaction with telehealth: a systematic review and agenda for future research. 2022 31(3):160-9. 14. Aashima Nanda M, Sharma R. A review of patient satisfaction and experience with telemedicine: a virtual solution during and beyond COVID-19 pandemic. E Health 2021 27(12):1325-31. 15. . Physician perspective and key satisfaction indicators with rapid telehealth adoption during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. E Health 2021 27(11):1225-34. 16. Monaghesh E, Hajizadeh A. The role of telehealth during COVID-19 outbreak: a systematic review based on current evidence. BMC 2020 20(1):1193. Appendices 9417. [A2]. Caregiver satisfaction and effectiveness of teleconsultation in children and adolescents with migraine during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. J 2021;36(4):296-303. [A3]. COVID-19 pandemic and uro-oncology follow-up: a “virtual” multidisciplinary team strategy and patients’ satisfaction assessment. 2020;92(2). [A4] Efficiency and satisfaction with telephone consultation of follow-up patients in neuro-urology: experience of the COVID-19 pandemic. 2021;40(3):929-37. [A5]. Headache teleconsultation in the era of COVID-19: patients’ evaluation and future directions. Neurol 2021;28(11):3798-804. [A6] Implementation and outcomes of virtual care across a tertiary cancer center during COVID-19. JAMA Oncol 2021;7(4):597-602. [A7].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Virtual reality will completely replace traditional education methods. [SEP] Text: Educators who have not had experience with the VR so far have shown interest in involving similar innovations in the education process in the future. Experts on industrial heritage agree that the importance of presenting virtualized models of extinct historical objects is in several aspects:Reminder of local history and presentation of the site to the public. Initiating a public/professional debate. Reinterpreting the meaning for the present and the future. Effective (faster and clearer) understanding of the extinct historical object (VR, AR, 3D printing, holographic model). Effective nonformal learning. Short-term use for the presentation of cultural monuments seems to be an appropriate and efficient use of the VR, which can personally approach a defunct building or site. The disadvantage is the high-input economic demands on the hardware and software equipment of the presentation, the technology (operating and explaining), and the low availability of the virtual reality headset, which each visitor uses only at the time. The presentation in animated virtual reality with the possibility of synchronized movement in space is interactive and creates a subjective experience. It uses an audiovisual design, and in the original old power plant hall, it is sensually complemented by the historically present smell of black oil (unrefined diesel). This affects the imagination of the observer and allows his better immersion, the so-called “deep-rooted,” and the potential for long-term information storage. At the same time, the presentation of the premises through the VR is a more interesting form for a wider audience of different ages and for people with some forms of disability. The VR is able to appeal to an age-wide and professional audience, thus ensuring the transmission of the legacy of the non-preserved cultural values of the buildings of the past. Virtual reality has proven to be a suitable tool for commemorating the extinct heritage and reinterpreting its significance for the present (Figure 8). Figure 8. VR application testing at the Researchers’ Night 2019 in Bratislava and testing by students of the University of the of the Faculty of Architecture in Bratislava (photo: V. Hain). Advertisement 5. Results5. 1 Education and experienceThe created VR 3D model for the old power plant is adapted for the visual communication of technical information and aims to diversify educational and multisensory exhibitions.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: Le directeur artistique du « of Korea » a fait remarquer que même si les patronymes « Montaigu » et « Capulet » étaient retranscrits sur les écrans au-dessus de la scène où une traduction en anglais était affichée, les noms de famille n’étaient pas inclus dans le script coréen. Les deux clans opposés peuvent cependant être distingués grâce aux couleurs de leur tenue, vert et bleu ou orange et marron, en fonction de leur affiliation au camp des Capulet ou des Montaigu. De la même façon, les prénoms des divers personnages ne sont pas mentionnés, ce qui donne à l’injonction de Roméo « Let us both abandon our names and leave21 » une dimension universelle. 22 William Shakespeare, éd. et trad. Jean-Michel Déprats et Gisèle Venet, Tragédies I (Œuvres complète (. . . ) 10Parallèlement, les noms affectueux échangés entre Roméo et Juliette lors de la scène du balcon ne sont pas cités ou traduits en coréen. Ils sont cependant suggérés à travers, entre autres, des effets sonores. En effet, la scène est ponctuée de chants d’oiseaux, ce qui rappelle l’appellation affectueuse « mon tout petit faucon22 » (« my nyas », Romeo and Juliet, II. ii. 168). La dimension visuelle est également exploitée pour véhiculer les sentiments amoureux des personnages. D’une part, le surnom de Juliette est retranscrit dans les gestes de cette dernière lorsqu’elle compare indirectement ses bras et son corps à une cage dans laquelle elle envelopperait son prétendant : ’m here. ’t go too far.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Telehealth services have become increasingly popular, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. [SEP] Text: Implementation and patient satisfaction of telemedicine in spine physical medicine and rehabilitation patients during the COVID-19 shutdown. Rehabil 2020;99(12):1079-85. [A8] Akama- Outcomes of a student-led telemedicine clinic in response to COVID-19. J Manage 2021;44(3):197-206. [A9]. Patient satisfaction with in-person, video, and telephone allergy/immunology evaluations during the COVID-19 pandemic. J 2021;9(5):1858-63. [A10] Capusan KY, Fenster T. Patient satisfaction with telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic in a pediatric pulmonary clinic. J Care 2021;35(6):587-91. [A11]. Patient satisfaction with telemedicine for prechemotherapy evaluation during the COVID-19 pandemic. 2021;17(13):1593-600. [A12] Rapid implementation of telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic: perspectives and p85. [A13] -O’ Virtual visits as long-term follow-up care for childhood cancer survivors: patient and provider satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cancer 2021;68(6):e28927. [A14]. Acceptability of no-test medical abortion provided via telemedicine during Covid-19: analysis of patient-reported outcomes. 2021;47(4):261-8. [A15] -. Effectiveness, patient satisfaction, and cost reduction of virtual joint replacement clinic follow-up of hip and knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 2021;36(3):816-22. [A16]. Feasibility of telemedicine in maintaining follow-up of orthopaedic patients and their satisfaction: a preliminary study. J Trauma 2020;11(Suppl 5):S704-10. [A17]. Implementation of a ureteric colic telemedicine service: a mixed methods quality improvement study. Urology 2021;147:14-20. [A18] Byrne E, Watkinson S. Patient and clinician satisfaction with video consultations during the COVID-19 pandemic: an opportunity for a new way of working.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Virtual reality will completely replace traditional education methods. [SEP] Text: The target audience represents all the visitors to the hands-on science center EP (Elektrárňa Piešťany—Piešťany), who can be entertained but also educated by an exhibition created in this way. Such a presentation is suitable for people with various disabilities—the possibility of virtual movement without physical movement for people in wheelchairs; for the deaf, a visual scene; for the visually impaired, intensive contrast of colors and brightness; and for the blind, a sound experience. Animators, tutors, and presenters can showcase new findings from history interactively, as well as science and technology facts and figures. The project has a research and innovation character: arising from interactive applications with educational content [16]. The project output is aimed to be an application in the popular scientific center at the power plant in Piešťany as a new permanent part of the exhibition. The project has a reproducible character: it can be used to support educational activities in the electricity and energy sectors, other educational institutions, and schools. This will create conditions for project results to be shared across Slovakia, inspiring repeatability for other science and tech areas. Raising awareness about industrial heritage can bring a better understanding of its meaning in terms of the diversity of cultural heritage [17]. VR provides a quick educational effect compared to laborious videos or models. Visitors of VR spent around 2 min on average there. The opportunity to synchronize movement, sound, sensations, and walking and looking in VR delivered a unique personalized experience and memories. The VR 3D model in the exhibition enables the creation of new exhibition attractions with virtually unlimited dimensions, the overlap of the virtual and real world, while also saving physical space in the exhibition. This is enriching exposure. The overlap of virtual and real worlds and the related synchronization of movements of the body and head enhance the immersive (recognition) personal experience [18]. The multisensory VR experience at the power plant Piešťany involves multiple senses (sight, hearing, smell, touch), applying the principles of universal design (multisensory perception, easy operation, etc. ), allowing versatility to exhibit and usability by various visitors. VR has eliminated extreme negative emotions related with space—fear of heights, too much closeness or openness—and will not shock with fast-moving animated elements, i. e. , it is “space-related phobia-free.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: You are a bird in my hand. 23 Transcription de la représentation de Roméo et Juliette (2006), op. cit. , p. 12. With a silk thread I pluck you back. ’s the cage? . (The two dance together. )23 11Après avoir embrassé Roméo pour la première fois lors de la scène du bal, Juliette dit que Roméo est son oiseau. Cette phrase est ensuite suivie par des chants d’oiseaux et une chorégraphie des deux acteurs pendant laquelle ils dansent et imitent le vol des oiseaux. 24 Shakespeare, Craiova, op. cit. , (. . . ) 25 : Samuel Crouch, 1676, F1v. 12D’autre part, la toile visible sur scène au début de la représentation sur laquelle figure Hyeon-mu (ou la Tortue-Serpent), symbole de l’harmonie, réapparaît lorsque Roméo et Juliette se retrouvent lors de la scène du balcon. Cette union entre le yin (principe masculin) et le yang (principe féminin), deux forces cosmiques qui s’opposent mais sont complémentaires, est l’incarnation visuelle des deux jeunes gens : ils appartiennent à des familles différentes, mais leur association aurait pu amener à un accord et une cohésion de la société dans laquelle ils évoluent, mettant ainsi fin à l’antagonisme entre les factions divergentes. Ceci est également sous-entendu à travers le masque de Roméo qui représente un cheval24, se rapprochant ainsi de la jeune Capulet dont le nom de famille peut dériver de « capel », forme prémoderne voulant dire « cheval25 ».

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Telehealth services have become increasingly popular, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. [SEP] Text: J Orthod 2021;48(1):64-73. [A19] ’Anza B, Rodriguez K. Patient satisfaction with telemedicine in rhinology during the COVID-19 pandemic. Otolaryngol 2021;42(3):102921. [A20] Gomes-de Almeida S, Marabujo T, do Carmo-Goncalves M. Telemedicine satisfaction of primary care patients during COVID-19 pandemics. Semergen 2021;47(4):248-55. [A21]. Assessing patient satisfaction with live-interactive teledermatology visits during the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey study. E Health 2022;28(4):591-6. [A22] Assessing the impact of a rapidly scaled virtual urgent care in city during the COVID-19 pandemic. J 2020;59(4):610-8. [A23] -Ewulu I, McNair M, et al. Assessment of patient and provider satisfaction with the change to telehealth from in-person visits at an academic safety net institution during the COVID-19 pandemic. J 2021;34(Suppl):S71-6. [A24] Clinician satisfaction with rapid adoption and implementation of telehealth services during the COVID-19 pandemic. E Health 2021;27(12):1385-92. [A25]. COVID-19 patients’ satisfaction with quality of medical care provided in the form of telemedicine consultations. Univ 2020(6):135-40. [A26] Evaluating patients’ and neonatologists’ satisfaction with the use of telemedicine for neonatology prenatal consultations during the COVID-19 pandemic. 2021;9:642369. [A27]. Effect of the COVID-19 induced phase of massive telehealth uptake on end-user satisfaction. J 2021;51(2):206-14. [A28] Impact of telemedicine on patient satisfaction and perceptions of care quality in radiation oncology. J 2021;19(10):1174-80. [A29] ’ed. Measurement of patient satisfaction with the trend of virtual clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Virtual reality will completely replace traditional education methods. [SEP] Text: The perception of users and feeling of size could be changed (the visitor is like a giant, and the scene is only a scaled model, or vice versa). The opportunity to experience a future, fictional world, to take a walk in the past (Figure 12), or virtually teleport to other points of interest is opened up through VR presentations. Visual perception is supported with realistic materials and textures. Experience in a VR scene installed in the original is supported by the real in situ scent of heavy oil which is still possible to be smelled in the existing premises. Figure 12. The final results of reconstructed building with realistic virtual presentation—output of 4 (Project of reconstruction of old power plant Pieštany: M. Ganobjak, V. Hain, M. Paško, Z. Zacharová, 2014; 3D Model—BAT engineering 2015, VR processing—Virág, 2016). Virtual reality with synchronized movement enables from anywhere, even from outside Pieštany, a walk in the historic yet nonexisting interior of the of 1906. Synchronized movement in virtual and physical reality (Figure 12) is compelling and confirms the meaningful use of virtual reality as a vehicle for presenting the defunct cultural (industrial) heritage against the backdrop of a direct comparison of the contemporary and the original state [20]. The absence of a virtual avatar body in the VR as reported by visitors was a strange experience with feelings of disorientation and confusion, although it is disputable if the presence of an avatar body in VR would have avoided those feelings. Augmented reality, accompanied with the use of physical reality as an anchor for position and navigation, appears to be a further tool for effective education, with the brain effectively distinguishing the essence of a variety of information at a real place. Virtual reality has also shown in this case study to be useful for presentations at several events outside the industrial heritage site. Advertisement 7. ConclusionThe competent management of cultural heritage requires thorough knowledge and evaluation of the subject causality—with a strong theoretical background and a target-oriented assessment perspective of the presentation and education level. The case study through VR has reinterpreted the history of the cultural industrial heritage which was not possible to recover in physical reality and have brought it to a contemporary audience. Through this practical interactive tool, the general public can learn about lost heritage. Interactive virtual parts can be embedded in conventional channels and animations controlled by focusing on specific objects.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: Le jeune couple n’est donc pas identifié comme « Roméo » et « Juliette », non seulement parce que ces noms ne sont pas présents dans la mise en scène coréenne, mais aussi parce qu’Oh Tae-Suk fait appel à des concepts qui évoquent les sentiments amoureux à travers l’image des oiseaux qui roucoulent, sans jamais nommer les individus concernés. Jeux de mains, jeux de vilains : une jeunesse innocente 26 Réplique de Tybalt affichée sur les écrans au-dessus de la scène lors de la représentation du 26 av (. . . ) 13L’histoire tragique des amants maudits est expliquée dans cette représentation par leur immaturité ils sont représentés comme des enfants ou adolescents naïfs qui ne comprennent pas les événements qui se produisent autour d’eux. Si de nombreux metteurs en scène interprètent également Roméo et Juliette comme une tragédie de l’adolescence, Oh Tae-Suk met en exergue la puérilité des personnages par le biais d’un jeu impliquant des animaux. En effet, Tybalt est abasourdi par les proportions qu’ont prises les plaisanteries avec Mercutio. Ils commencent par jouer à un jeu appelé « crapaud et taupe » (« to play toad and mole26 »), qui consiste à identifier des formes d’animaux dans les nuages. 27 Transcription de la représentation de Roméo et Juliette (2006), op. cit. , p. 21. thou consortest with Romeo. What does that cloud look like? mole. it looks like a toad. Like you. it’s a mole. Like you! it a toad or a mole?

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Telehealth services have become increasingly popular, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. [SEP] Text: Cureus 2021;13(6):e16016. [A30] Measuring the patients’ satisfaction about telemedicine used in during COVID-19 pandemic. Cureus 2021;13(2):e13382. [A31] Multicenter evaluation of breast cancer patients’ satisfaction and experience with oncology telemedicine visits during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cancer 2021;125(11):1486-93. [A32] Outcomes of a telemedicine bowel management program during COVID-19. J 2022;57(1):80-5. [A33]. Patient and provider-reported satisfaction of cancer rehabilitation telemedicine visits during the COVID-19 pandemic. PM R 2021;13(12):1362-8. [A34] van der Patient satisfaction and acceptability with telehealth at specialist medical outpatient clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. J 2021;51(7):1028-37. [A35]. Patient satisfaction and trust in telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic: retrospective observational study. 2021;8(2):e28589. [A36]. Patient satisfaction with the use of telemedicine in the management of hyperthyroidism. Cureus 2020;12(8):e9859. [A37] Patient satisfaction with use of telemedicine in of Psychiatry: Skopje, during COVID-19 pandemic. E Health 2021;27(4):464-7. [A38] -Zeitoun D, Kuchenbuch M, et al. Physician and patient satisfaction with the switch to remote outpatient encounters in epilepsy clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic. Seizure 2021;91:60-5. [A39] Al--Khalifah R, Alfadda A. Rapid implementation of a diabetes telemedicine clinic during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak: our protocol, experience, and satisfaction reports in Saudi Arabia. J Technol 2021;15(2):329-38. [A40]. Rheumatology patient satisfaction with telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. J 2021;8:23743735211008825.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Virtual reality will completely replace traditional education methods. [SEP] Text: A brief VR experience in machinery halls in an exhibition with a safe level of emotionality, and high immersion in a historical environment has a clear educational benefit about lost industrial heritage and appears an appropriate and meaningful use of VR. User tracking and the whole principle of interdisciplinary cooperation is not only a synergistic element in a complex organized design process but also a key educational element in the protection of the local industrial heritage for involved participants. However, each case of heritage management requires a specific and detailed study of the subject. Therefore, neither the criteria specified nor the flowchart presents absolute and conclusive results about the case studies. Therefore, the study aims to serve as an initial model for further studies on the application of virtual reality in the preservation and educational management. Advertisement 1. Hain V. Industrial heritage and educational polygon [dissertation thesis]. Bratislava: Faculty of Architecture STU; 2014. p. 61, 250 p. FA-10812-277632. . for the (Jun 2003): Preamble [online]. 2018. Available from: Ganobjak M. Virtual presentations as a tool to present values of extinct historical objects. In: Bardkontakt 2017. Proceedings 2017: Monuments and in of Municipalities and Regions; City Bardejov. 2017. 188. ISBN: 978-80-972776-7-34. Calleja G. Immersion in virtual worlds. In: Grimshaw M, editor. Handbook of Virtuality. New York: Press; 2014. 236. ISBN: 978-0-19-982616-25. Lynch K. of The City. Trans. Bova Polygon: Prague; 2004. ISBN: 80-7273-094-06. Tolic I. Life of Spaces 1979. 2019. Available from: Schölkopf B, Mallot AH. View-Mapping and [Internet]. 1995. Available from: [Accessed: 25 November 2019]8. . Real-: A in Rome. In: IEEE Transactions on Systems, 2011. [Internet]. Available from: 20119. Bus P, Pedraza TE. Simulation [Internet]. 2016. Available from: [Accessed: 25 November 2019]10. Ratti C. : [Internet]. 2003. Available from: [Accessed: 25 November 2019]11.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: toad! ! Here’s that shall make you dance. Open your arms, bend your knees, lift up your chin. ALL Mole, toad, salmon, trout, carp, half-moon — (they sing)’s so hot weather! Do you feel like singing? Well, anyway, it’s better than fight. Mole, toad, salmon. 27 28 Simon Buia, op. cit. , 29 Shakespeare, Craiova, op. cit. , (. . . ) 30 Transcription de la représentation de Roméo et Juliette (2006), op. cit. , p. 25. 14Mais le ton monte vite entre Tybalt et Mercutio et la situation dégénère. Un combat éclate, combat qui est joué au ralenti et au cours duquel l’une des techniques employées consiste à chatouiller l’adversaire28. Le conflit se termine par le décès de Mercutio. Tybalt se recroqueville sur lui-même29, pleurant une mort qu’il a lui-même infligée. Il se justifie en expliquant qu’il voulait simplement s’amuser et que la faute incombe au défunt car ce dernier avait commencé les hostilités (« I’m hot. What’s with this weather? We were only playing. Serves him right. / He drew first, you saw it. Kinsman, you saw it too30 »). Le sang de son ami sur les mains, Roméo sanglote avant de poignarder Tybalt. Ouvrez la cage aux oiseaux : l’échec des autorités et le poids des générations passées 31 Shakespeare, Craiova, op. cit. , (. . . ) 32 Entretien filmé par lors de la conférence d’ESRA ((. . .

Output: pass