Input: Claim: Wind farms are always the cheapest source of energy in every region. [SEP] Text: First, upscaling the rated power results in a lower number of turbines in the farm (for the same farm power), resulting in lower wake losses. Second, upscaling the rotor diameter leads to a linear increase in the hub height, resulting in higher wind speeds. It can be seen, in general, how upscaling results in a decrease in the O&M costs, an increase in the overall capital expenditures, and an increase in AEP, all of which significantly contribute to the LCoE. However, the trade-offs result in the possibility of an optimum with respect to LCoE, as shown in Fig. 5b. 3. 2 Complete design space The results for the entire design space explored are presented in this section. As all possible combinations of power and diameter are considered, the effect on various farm-level parameters can also be observed for designs with different specific powers. The magnitude and direction of the gradients of the elements in LCoE (Eq. 2) at each design point can offer some interesting insights. The cost (capital expenditures, O&M, and decommissioning), AEP, and the LCoE gradients at each evaluation point are shown in Fig. 6 for the baseline case. Figure 6Cost, AEP, and LCoE gradients for the baseline problem formulation (from left to right). can be seen how the cost gradients always point toward a higher rating and lower diameter as the direction for the steepest descent, while all AEP gradients point towards lower ratings and larger diameters as the direction for the steepest ascent. The magnitude of the cost gradients changes rapidly with a rated power change, while the magnitude of the AEP gradients changes rapidly with a rotor diameter change. From the LCoE gradients, which are a resultant of the cost and AEP gradients, it is evident that there exists a region where the gradient magnitudes are close to zero. This is indicative of a global optimum. The global optimum for the formulated problem and the defined case is marked in Fig. 7a. In the colormap, each contour line represents a 1 % change in the LCoE. This information is useful for a designer, as it indicates the increase in LCoE for a design that deviates from the optimum.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Bees can recognize individual human faces and remember them forever. [SEP] Text: Soilborne diseases of red currant: how can you recognize them? : what are the control strategies? A. Youssef, M. -BomenEPSLaboratory of output: Book/Report › Report › (1) currant (Ribes rubrum) and other small fruit species are important fruit crops in the Netherlands. Red currant, along with other small fruits are affected by a wide range of soilborne pathogens (SBPs) and nematode-transmitted viruses (NTVs) causing severe yield losses if not diagnosed and managed properly. Fusarium and Verticillium wilts are serious SBPs affecting red currant. Fusarium and Verticillium spp. are associated with the death of red currant bushes. Currant cane dieback or stem blight is another serious soilborne disease affecting red currant, which is associated with cane dieback symptoms. Canker or stem blight of red currant is caused by the fungus Botryosphaeria ribis (syn. Neofusicoccum ribis). The NTVs; Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), Strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRSV), Raspberry ringspot virus (RpRSV), Tomato black ring virus (TBRV), Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV), and Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) infect red currant. and ToRSV are transmitted by nematode species from the family Longidoridae; Paralongidorus, Longidorus, and Xiphinema. TRV is transmitted by numerous species of the nematode genera Trichodorus and Paratrichodorus. The NTVs; and TRV are controlled through growing virus-free plant materials and controlling their nematode vectors. Accurate diagnosis of plant diseases is crucial for developing efficient and cost-effective disease management strategies. There are several control methods of SPBs. The key factor in controlling SBPs is resistant rootstocks.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Gene editing is a promising field within regenerative medicine. [SEP] Text: Ongoing and completed clinical trials adopting gene-editing technology cells genetically modified at the CCR5 gene by ZFN SB-728 for HIV Dose escalation study of autologous T cells genetically modified at the CCR5 gene by ZFN in HIV-infected patients I/II Study of autologous T cells genetically modified at the CCR5 gene by ZFN in HIV-infected subjects Active I/II Repeat doses of SB-728mR-T after cyclophosphamide conditioning in HIV-infected subjects on study of 5-modified hematopoietic stem/ progenitor cells in HIV-1 infected patients I/II Dose escalation study of cyclophosphamide in HIV-infected subjects on HAART receiving SB-722-T Not yet recruiting I Ascending dose study of genome editing using the ZFP therapeutic SB-FIX in subjects with severe hemophilia B ZFN, zinc finger nuclease; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; CCR5, cinnamoyl-CoA reductase 5. 1. Collins FS, Varmus H. A new initiative on precision medicine. N Med 2015;372:793–795. 2. Lander ES. Cutting the Gordian helix: regulating genomic testing in the era of precision medicine. N Med 2015;372:1185–1186. 3. . Precision medicine: personalized, problematic, and promising. N Med 2015;372:2229–2234. 4. provides acquired resistance against viruses in prokaryotes. Science 2007;315:1709–1712. 5. . Nucleotide sequence of the iap gene, responsible for alkaline phosphatase isozyme conversion in Escherichia coli, and identification of the gene product. J Bacteriol 1987;169:5429–5433. 6. . Clustered regularly interspaced short palindrome repeats () have spacers of extrachromosomal origin. Microbiology 2005;151(Pt 8):2551–2561. 7. Mojica FJ, Diez-Villasenor C, Garcia-Martinez J, Soria E. Intervening sequences of regularly spaced prokaryotic repeats derive from foreign genetic elements. J 2005;60:174–182. 8. .

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wind farms are always the cheapest source of energy in every region. [SEP] Text: It can be seen that a 1 % change in the LCoE encompasses a large range of turbine designs, indicating that a deviation in the optimum does not necessarily correspond to a large deviation in the LCoE. This, however, is subject to uncertainties in the models. The plot also includes the largest turbines announced by some turbine manufacturers across the globe, where a majority is already within a 1 % LCoE range from the baseline optimum obtained in this study. The equal specific power lines show that the baseline optimum and the commercial turbines have a specific power range of 300–400 W m−2. It can also be seen how the LCoE variations are smaller when moving along a fixed specific power line compared to the direction of changing specific power. At times, the industry has been constrained by the blade length and it can be useful to know the optimum generator rating for that given rotor diameter. Figure 7b shows the optimum rated power for a given rotor diameter and the optimum diameter for a given rating. While the “optimum rated power” line follows a near-constant specific power trend, the specific power of the “optimum rotor diameter” follows an increasing trend (300 W m−2 for the 10 MW turbine to 425 W m−2 for the 20 MW turbine). For a farm with a higher-rated-power turbine and fewer turbines, the share of O&M and installation is already relatively low, making the optimum more sensitive to turbine costs. As a result, the specific power increases with an increase in the rated power of the turbine. The cross-over point corresponds with the global optimum. Figure 7c shows the variation of LCoE as a function of the specific power where the LCoE changes rapidly beyond a certain range of specific powers. Figure 7(a) Response map of LCoE with respect to the two design variables. (b) Optimum rated power and rotor diameter per constrained diameter and rated power, respectively. (c) LCoE plotted against the specific power. understand several trade-offs that occur at a wind farm level and how they are affected by turbine design, it is useful to see the gradients of various cost and AEP components at the optimum. The gradient of LCoE with respect to the rotor diameter and rated power is shown in Eqs. (15) and (16), respectively.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Bees can recognize individual human faces and remember them forever. [SEP] Text: Red currant, along with other small fruits are affected by a wide range of soilborne pathogens (SBPs) and nematode-transmitted viruses (NTVs) causing severe yield losses if not diagnosed and managed properly. Fusarium and Verticillium wilts are serious SBPs affecting red currant. Fusarium and Verticillium spp. are associated with the death of red currant bushes. Currant cane dieback or stem blight is another serious soilborne disease affecting red currant, which is associated with cane dieback symptoms. Canker or stem blight of red currant is caused by the fungus Botryosphaeria ribis (syn. Neofusicoccum ribis). The NTVs; Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), Strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRSV), Raspberry ringspot virus (RpRSV), Tomato black ring virus (TBRV), Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV), and Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) infect red currant. and ToRSV are transmitted by nematode species from the family Longidoridae; Paralongidorus, Longidorus, and Xiphinema. TRV is transmitted by numerous species of the nematode genera Trichodorus and Paratrichodorus. The NTVs; and TRV are controlled through growing virus-free plant materials and controlling their nematode vectors. Accurate diagnosis of plant diseases is crucial for developing efficient and cost-effective disease management strategies. There are several control methods of SPBs. The key factor in controlling SBPs is resistant rootstocks. Planting pathogen-free bushes is important for minimizing the primary source of inoculum of SBPs. Developing suppressive soil may be a good management strategy against SBPs. Organic soil amendments and biofungicides may be used for suppressing SBPs. In addition, anaerobic soil disinfestation using biobased products is a control method of SBPs, which has been shown under experimental conditions to be effective against SBPs. Chemical control only is not effective in managing SBPs. All mentioned management strategies of SBPs have limited efficiencies, as single control methods, in managing SBPs. Therefore, an integrated pest management program is required to effectively control SBPs. ", author = "A. Youssef and M.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Gene editing is a promising field within regenerative medicine. [SEP] Text: /Cas9-based genome editing for correction of dystrophin mutations that cause Duchenne muscular dystrophy. 2015;6:6244. 58. -. Nuclease-mediated gene editing by homologous recombination of the human globin locus. Res 2014;42:1365–1378. 59. RNA-directed gene editing specifically eradicates latent and prevents new HIV-1 infection. 2014;111:11461–11466. 60. /Cas9 system facilitates clearance of the intrahepatic HBV templates in vivo. 2014;3:e186. 61. Suppression of hepatitis B virus DNA accumulation in chronically infected cells using a bacterialCas RNA-guided DNA endonuclease. Virology 2015;476:196–205. 62. Seeger C, Sohn JA. Targeting hepatitis B virus withCas9. 2014;3:e216. 63. /Cas9 cleavage of viral DNA efficiently suppresses hepatitis B virus. 2015;5:10833. 64. Harnessing the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat ()/-associated Cas9 system to disrupt the hepatitis B virus. 2015;22:404–412. 65. . Targeting hepatitis B virus cccDNA byCas9 nuclease efficiently inhibits viral replication. 2015;118:110–117. 66. . Inhibition of hepatitis B virus by theCas9 system via targeting the conserved regions of the viral genome. J 2015;96:2252–2261. 67. . In vitro and in vivo growth suppression of human papillomavirus 16-positive cervical cancer cells byCas9. 2014;450:1422–1426. 68. Inactivation of the human papillomavirus E6 or E7 gene in cervical carcinoma cells by using a bacterialCas RNA-guided endonuclease. J Virol 2014;88:11965–11972. 69. Disruption of human papillomavirus 16 E6 gene by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/Cas system in human cervical cancer cells. Ther 2015;8:37–44. 70. Disruption of HPV16-E7 byCas system induces apoptosis and growth inhibition in HPV16 positive human cervical cancer cells. Int 2014;2014:612823. 71. .

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wind farms are always the cheapest source of energy in every region. [SEP] Text: The RNA costs decrease mainly with a decrease in the rotor diameter due to the lower blade mass. Its gradient points towards increasing the rating, as a higher rated power would result in a lower number of turbines in the farm (due to the farm power constraint), decreasing the overall cost of the turbines without a significant increase in the cost per turbine. The support structure costs show a similar behavior but have a lower magnitude. The O&M and installation costs exhibit a higher dependence on the rated power of the turbine compared to the rotor diameter. This can be attributed to the reduced number of turbines with upscaling, leading to fewer installation trips or a low number of major replacements. This results in low vessel costs. Their gradients also point towards a lower diameter, because a reduction in the rotor diameter reduces the required vessel size and, hence, the vessel costs. The costs of the export cable and substation are held constant due to the equality constraint on the farm power. However, the array cable costs change and the infield cable topology depends on the number of turbines in the farm. Owing to the farm area equality constraint, a low number of turbines results in turbines being spread apart. The absolute distance between the turbines is only a function of the number of turbines in the farm and does not depend on the rotor diameter. It can be seen that the electrical-cost gradient points toward lower rated power. This is because a lower rated power results in lower current flowing through a string of five turbines, hence reducing array cable costs. Figure 8Cost and AEP gradient components at the optimum for the baseline case. gross AEP increases with an increase in rotor diameter and a decrease in the rated power. A higher rotor diameter gives a larger swept area and higher power (and hence AEP) for the same wind speed. Similarly, a decrease in the rated power, for the same rotor diameter, results in high-capacity-factor (or low-specific-power) turbines. Turbines with a higher capacity factor result in a higher gross AEP than lower capacity factor designs, irrespective of the rated power of the turbine, as the total farm power is constant in both cases. The wake losses point towards a higher rating and a lower rotor diameter. A higher rating results in a lower number of turbines resulting in a lower overall wind speed deficit. A lower number of turbines also increases the absolute distance between the turbines as they are placed further apart due to the equality constraint on farm area.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Bees can recognize individual human faces and remember them forever. [SEP] Text: and ToRSV are transmitted by nematode species from the family Longidoridae; Paralongidorus, Longidorus, and Xiphinema. TRV is transmitted by numerous species of the nematode genera Trichodorus and Paratrichodorus. The NTVs; and TRV are controlled through growing virus-free plant materials and controlling their nematode vectors. Accurate diagnosis of plant diseases is crucial for developing efficient and cost-effective disease management strategies. There are several control methods of SPBs. The key factor in controlling SBPs is resistant rootstocks. Planting pathogen-free bushes is important for minimizing the primary source of inoculum of SBPs. Developing suppressive soil may be a good management strategy against SBPs. Organic soil amendments and biofungicides may be used for suppressing SBPs. In addition, anaerobic soil disinfestation using biobased products is a control method of SBPs, which has been shown under experimental conditions to be effective against SBPs. Chemical control only is not effective in managing SBPs. All mentioned management strategies of SBPs have limited efficiencies, as single control methods, in managing SBPs. Therefore, an integrated pest management program is required to effectively control SBPs. AB - Red currant (Ribes rubrum) and other small fruit species are important fruit crops in the Netherlands. Red currant, along with other small fruits are affected by a wide range of soilborne pathogens (SBPs) and nematode-transmitted viruses (NTVs) causing severe yield losses if not diagnosed and managed properly. Fusarium and Verticillium wilts are serious SBPs affecting red currant. Fusarium and Verticillium spp. are associated with the death of red currant bushes. Currant cane dieback or stem blight is another serious soilborne disease affecting red currant, which is associated with cane dieback symptoms. Canker or stem blight of red currant is caused by the fungus Botryosphaeria ribis (syn. Neofusicoccum ribis).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Gene editing is a promising field within regenerative medicine. [SEP] Text: Correction of the deltaF508 mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene by zinc-finger nuclease homology-directed repair. Access 2012;1:99–108. 72. . Zinc finger protein HZF1 promotes K562 cell proliferation by interacting with and inhibiting INCA1. Rep 2011;4:1131–1137. 73. Gene editing in human stem cells using zinc finger nucleases and integrase-defective lentiviral vector delivery. 2007;25:1298–1306. 74. Highly efficient endogenous human gene correction using designed zinc-finger nucleases. Nature 2005;435:646–651. 75. Transcription activator-like effector nuclease-mediated transduction of exogenous gene into IL2RG locus. 2014;4:5043. 76. Targeted genome editing in human repopulating haematopoietic stem cells. Nature 2014;510:235–240. 77. TALEN-based gene correction for epidermolysis bullosa. 2013;21:1151–1159. 78. In vivo genome editing improves muscle function in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Science 2016;351:403–407. 79. In vivo gene editing in dystrophic mouse muscle and muscle stem cells. Science 2016;351:407–411. 80. Postnatal genome editing partially restores dystrophin expression in a mouse model of muscular dystrophy. Science 2016;351:400–403. 81. Correction of a genetic disease by -Cas9-mediated gene editing in mouse spermatogonial stem cells. 2015;25:67–79. 82. In vivo genome editing restores haemostasis in a mouse model of haemophilia. Nature 2011;475:217–221. 83. Robust ZFN-mediated genome editing in adult hemophilic mice. Blood 2013;122:3283–3287. 84. In vivo genome editing of the albumin locus as a platform for protein replacement therapy. Blood 2015;126:1777–1784. 85. Genome editing with Cas9 in adult mice corrects a disease mutation and phenotype. 2014;32:551–553. 86. -Duby R, Olson EN.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wind farms are always the cheapest source of energy in every region. [SEP] Text: Obtaining a larger farm power by increasing the number of turbines (for the same turbine rated power) would increase wake losses, O&M costs, installation costs, electrical system costs, etc. Designs with a higher rated power avoid these effects and, therefore, provide the optimum way to achieve higher farm powers. The available farm area and the distance to grid have a lower impact on the LCoE and, hence, on the optimum design. A low farm area increases the wake losses, resulting in a higher LCoE of the farm. To compensate for the high wake losses, the optimum shifts towards higher turbine ratings to reduce the number of turbines in the farm. The distance to the grid only changes the costs of the export cable. Consequently, the effect on the LCoE and the optimum design is minimal. The greatest benefit of tailoring designs to site conditions, in terms of LCoE, is observed for changing wind conditions. In the low wind scenario, opting for low specific power designs, compared to the baseline optimum, resulted in an LCoE reduction of 1. 25 %. As the wind regime and the farm power cause the optimum design to shift the most, and along different dimensions, the driving forces behind these shifts are analyzed. At the baseline optimum, the gradient of the LCoE is zero, with respect to both changes in diameter and rated power. When the wind regime or farm power changes, the gradient of LCoE at the baseline optimum is no longer zero, and the optimum shifts towards the direction of steepest descent. To identify the contributions of the changes in costs, gross AEP, and wake losses to the direction of the new gradient, the separation of terms according to Eqs. (15 and (19) is shown in Fig. 11c. The weighted cost and AEP gradients for the baseline are equal in size and in opposite directions, in accordance with their vector sum being zero. For the low wind case, both weighted gradients increase. Although the cost and thus the cost gradient themselves are not affected by the changed wind climate, the weighted cost gradient increases due to the division by the lowered AEP. The AEP gradient is weighted with the square of the AEP, so the effect of the lower AEP on the weighted AEP gradient is much larger. In addition, the AEP gradient itself will have changed.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: All plants can thrive in any type of soil. [SEP] Text: Can mentoring help poets thrive? How important has mentoring been in the creative industries? This is what May from the University of Southampton in the UK is trying to determine. He has used his findings to establish Poetry Ambassadors, a mentoring programme to support young poets and help them to develop their creative abilities – a collection of poetry – industries based in individual creativity, skill and talent, such as arts, writing, music, fashion, advertising, computer gaming, television and film – an advisor who helps train and guide a more novice colleague – the recipient of a mentor’s advice and guidance The romantic image of the lone poet is not true to life, says May of the University of Southampton, as writers and poets are supported by a network of mentors who devote time and energy to encourage each other in their creative endeavours. Will is exploring the role of mentoring in the creative industries and has uncovered how both public initiatives and informal mentoring communities. But Will’s work is about more than just appreciating literary history – he has also put his findings into practice by creating a mentoring programme for young poets, allowing them to develop their talents under the guidance of experienced writers. ? writers and poets have had access to both public and informal mentoring and support. The UK has nurtured literary expression through initiatives run in local libraries, community organisations, like Centerprise in Hackney, and formal schemes, like the Critics Programme. We can also trace its history by looking at correspondence between poets, publishers and editors across the country. Equally (or perhaps even more) important are informal mentoring and networking groups. Will cites the example of poets who founded a writer’s collective that met weekly in Malika’s kitchen. “It grew organically, creating a space for marginalised writers to hone their craft,” he says, “and now Malika’s Kitchen has not only become a regular scheme run by the Poetry Society, shaping the work of some of our best contemporary writers, but has satellite groups across the world. ” During his research, Will has discovered that many poets create their own mentoring communities with other poets, joined by their mutual love of writing. Unlike other sectors, the creative industries are often funded on a project basis, with little support for professional development or training. Groups like Malika’s Kitchen have played a vital role in helping writers grow through a shared exploration of their writing.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Gene editing is a promising field within regenerative medicine. [SEP] Text: Prevention of muscular dystrophy in mice byCas9-mediated editing of germline DNA. Science 2014;345:1184–1188. 87. -mediated genome editing restores dystrophin expression and function in mdx mice. 2016;24:564–569. 88. Permanent alteration of PCSK9 with in vivo -Cas9 genome editing. 2014;115:488–492. 89. Precise correction of the dystrophin gene in duchenne muscular dystrophy patient induced pluripotent stem cells by TALEN and -Cas9. Reports 2015;4:143–154. 90. Targeted inversion and reversion of the blood coagulation factor 8 gene in human iPS cells using TALENs. 2014;111:9253–9258. 91. Functional correction of large factor VIII gene chromosomal inversions in hemophilia A patient-derived iPSCs using -Cas9. Cell 2015;17:213–220. 92. Correction of the sickle cell disease mutation in human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Blood 2015;125:2597–2604. 93. In situ genetic correction of the sickle cell anemia mutation in human induced pluripotent stem cells using engineered zinc finger nucleases. 2011;29:1717–1726. 94. Sun N, Zhao H. Seamless correction of the sickle cell disease mutation of the HBB gene in human induced pluripotent stem cells using TALENs. 2014;111:1048–1053. 95. Production of gene-corrected adult beta globin protein in human erythrocytes differentiated from patient iPSCs after genome editing of the sickle point mutation. 2015;33:1470–1479. 96. Seamless gene correction of beta-thalassemia mutations in patient-specific iPSCs usingCas9 and piggyBac. 2014;24:1526–1533. 97. Factor-induced reprogramming and zinc finger nuclease-aided gene targeting cause different genome instability in beta-thalassemia induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). J 2015;290:12079–12089. 98.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wind farms are always the cheapest source of energy in every region. [SEP] Text: As the farm power is now variable and depends on the number of turbines in the farm and the rated power of each turbine, the costs of the export cable and substations also vary. The infield costs now go down with an increase in the rotor diameter (fewer turbines in the farm) and lower ratings (less current flowing through the cables). As a result, the overall electrical cost gradient points towards lower rated powers and larger rotors. As the number of turbines is now a function of the rotor diameter, the O&M and installation cost gradients point towards larger rotors. This is because, for the “fixed-farm-area-only” case, where the area constraint and normalized spacing are defined, a larger rotor diameter results in a lower number of turbines in the defined area, resulting in lower vessel costs. The gross AEP (without wake losses) of the farm goes up with an increase in the rated power and a decrease in the rotor diameter. This is because a decrease in the rotor diameter allows more turbines in the farm and an increase in the rated power allows for more power to be produced at higher wind speeds without having any impact on the overall number of turbines in the farm. As a consequence, the gross AEP vector points towards larger rated powers and smaller rotor diameters. Similar to the “fixed-farm-power-only” case, since the normalized spacing is fixed, the wake losses are minimized by reducing the partial load region of the turbine. This is achieved by moving to larger rotors and a lower rated power. Also, larger rotors reduce the number of turbines in the farm, further reducing wake losses. The effects discussed above explain the difference in the behavior of the cost and AEP gradients. It can be seen that the AEP gradient is larger in magnitude and is also not in line with the cost gradient. This creates a push towards larger ratings, and at the new optimum the differences in the directions and magnitude of the weighted cost and AEP gradients are compensated. 5 work explored how turbine scaling affects various farm-level quantities and also identified the design driving parameters. Key insights gained from this research are presented below. The optimum size of 16 MW with 236 m for a typical case is already close to the state-of-the-art observed in the industry. For a farm with a fixed area and a fixed power for the grid connection, reduction of farm costs is attained via high specific power turbines.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: All plants can thrive in any type of soil. [SEP] Text: Will is exploring this role by collecting stories from mentors and mentees who participated in these informal networks, to discover how their mentoring experience shaped them as artists. Will’s research is more than just retrospective. He believes mentoring in poetry can act as a model for the creative industries. “People tend to read, write and publish poetry to enrich their lives rather than fill their pockets,” he explains. “This insulates poetry from creative sectors more dependent on market trends and means it has been able to develop sustained knowledge and expertise about mentoring that hasn’t yet crossed into other creative industries. ” The poetry community is an excellent case study for mentoring in the creative industries and a model for other artistic and literary communities. ? In partnership with the Festival and the literature development organisation Artful Scribe, Will launched the scheme to connect experienced poets like with young poets like Eve Wright. “Formal mentoring schemes can act as lightning rods of change for the mentors and mentees involved,” says Will. Mentees gain confidence in their ability and develop greater ambitions for their writing. Mentors in turn benefit from the opportunity to work with a younger generation of writers and contribute to the future of the literary community. “I’d really like to just feel a little bit more asserted in my writer self, so to speak,” says Eve, of their hopes for the Poetry Ambassadors. “Writing is a very isolated craft, especially when you’re just starting, so I’ve really appreciated the support with discovering my poems with another poet. ” Eve’s mentor, Romalyn, helps them with both the technical and psychological elements of the craft. “It’s hard for anyone to believe they’ll get attached to words until you’ve put your heart into putting them in a certain order and suddenly giving them the cut feels like you’re losing them forever,” Eve explains. “My mentoring partnership with Romalyn has helped me learn to let go when I edit my poems. ” Eve’s experience is familiar to Romalyn. She herself was mentored in the past and knows what it’s like to be taking the first steps to being a poet and how important it is to have a guide.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Gene editing is a promising field within regenerative medicine. [SEP] Text: Seamless modification of wild-type induced pluripotent stem cells to the natural CCR5Delta32 mutation confers resistance to HIV infection. 2014;111:9591–9596. 99. Engineering HIV-resistant human CD4+ T cells with CXCR4-specific zinc-finger nucleases. PLoS Pathog 2011;7:e1002020. 100. Human COL7A1-corrected induced pluripotent stem cells for the treatment of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Med 2014;6:264ra163. 101. Targeted correction and restored function of the CFTR gene in cystic fibrosis induced pluripotent stem cells. Reports 2015;4:569–577. 102. . Nuclease-mediated double-strand break (DSB) enhancement of small fragment homologous recombination (SFHR) gene modification in human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Biol 2014;1114:279–290. 103. Functional gene correction for cystic fibrosis in lung epithelial cells generated from patient iPSCs. 2015;12:1385–1390. 104. Functional repair of CFTR byCas9 in intestinal stem cell organoids of cystic fibrosis patients. Cell 2013;13:653–658. 105. TALENs facilitate single-step seamless SDF correction of F508del CFTR in airway epithelial submucosal gland cell-derived CF-iPSCs. 2016;5:e273. 106. Functional footprinting of regulatory DNA. 2015;12:927–930. 107. BCL11A enhancer dissection by Cas9-mediated in situ saturating mutagenesis. Nature 2015;527:192–197. 108. Rescue of DNAPK signaling and T-cell differentiation by targeted genome editing in a prkdc deficient iPSC disease model. PLoS Genet 2015;11:e1005239. 109. -Adams DD, et al. Lymphoid regeneration from gene-corrected SCID-X1 subject-derived iPSCs. Cell 2015;16:367–372. 110. Human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells modified by zinc-finger nucleases targeted to CCR5 control HIV-1 in vivo.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wind farms are always the cheapest source of energy in every region. [SEP] Text: These findings agree with how technological advancements led to the continued shift of the turbine scale observed in the past decades. Technology and cost developments drive a shift in the optimum scale with limited effect on specific power (second point). The sensitivity of LCoE along lines of equal specific power is low around the optimum, allowing a large range of scales to co-exist during a certain era (first point). The findings also agree with the fairly stable range of specific powers offered in the past at different scales. These portfolios are driven by variations in project-specific conditions (third point). However, while the optimum specific power is fairly sensitive to particular project conditions, turbines of a fairly wide range of scales can perform equally well (first point). The findings of point 4 are less visible in practice and in the literature, but they reveal the effects of farm-level constraints on the optimum specific power and scale that are similar to those of project conditions. Besides the more obvious consequence for farm developers to pick the most suitable turbine for their case, this finding also means that the policies around spatial planning and tender formulation have an impact on the optimum turbine design and performance. An approach as shown in this paper can help quantify those impacts. The findings in this research are obtained using low-fidelity cost models and the IEA 15 MW turbine as the reference design. However, the absolute values of the optimum will likely differ for a different reference turbine as the starting point for scaling, and a future study exploring the sensitivity to different reference designs with higher-fidelity cost models is recommended. Nevertheless, the confidence in the use of scaling laws is largest when the scale of the reference turbine and of the global optimum are similar, as is the case here. The study provides a simplified approach that can be applied to a complex turbine sizing problem in order to generate meaningful insights. The findings of this study help the scientific community to focus future research on the most important aspects and goals. They provide insight into how various model improvements impact both the performance and the optimum turbine size. For instance, consider an improvement in the RNA model leading to an increase in the magnitude of its gradient and a higher dependency on rated power. The consequence of this improvement would be a large shift in the optimum along the constant specific power line, towards larger ratings and rotor diameters, without a significant change in the LCoE for the new optimum. Similar insights can be drawn with respect to other model improvements, based on the gradients presented in this study.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: All plants can thrive in any type of soil. [SEP] Text: “The poetry world is both big and small, but if you’re just starting out, especially as a young person, then it can seem quite daunting and overwhelming,” Romalyn explains. This can be especially true if a would-be poet lacks role models. “I didn’t come from a literary background,” she says, “so I really appreciated having a mentor as I began my poetry journey. It really was a tremendous help to have someone to guide me. I want to support young poets like Eve, and I want to learn from the experience myself. ” is launching its first anthology of poetry with Press in October 2021. Beyond helping mentees and mentors, the mentoring scheme has helped transform the organisations that run it, deepening the collaborations between the University of Southampton, the Festival and Artful Scribe, broadening their horizons and making them more outward-looking. “It is helping us work together to better support young people across the region,” Will says. Will’s research shows that the study of literature is far from an ivory tower endeavour – poetry and writing create communities, give a voice to young or marginalised groups, and allow them to shape their culture and society through their creative works. in Modern and Contemporary Literature, University of : Modern and : Exploring the role of mentoring in the creative industries : Arts and “I love the breadth and restlessness of research in English literature,” says Will. In his work, he has studied the relationship between music and poetry, ‘whimsy’ as a literary mode, and the connections between solitary poets and their wider networks and communities. To do this, he has interviewed poets about their practice, dug through literary archives and made connections across disciplines to find new approaches in critical and creative thinking. Literature research often is interdisciplinary, drawing on texts from history, philosophy and economics to frame questions and construct arguments. Download the 10. 33424/179 Link to the activity sheet 0 +1 Pinterest 0 LinkedIn 0 graduates go on to make words work in the world, whether as journalists, managers, publishers, poets or CEOs. Southampton students meet the poet Kei Miller, one of the many writers who ran guest workshops for Malika’s Poetry Kitchen. Eve, Kaycee and April, the mentees, are having their poetry celebrated in a new anthology by Books.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Gene editing is a promising field within regenerative medicine. [SEP] Text: 126. Jusiak B, Cleto S, Perez-Pinera P, Lu TK. Engineering synthetic gene circuits in living cells with technology. 2016;34:535–547. 127. Simultaneous editing of three homoeoalleles in hexaploid bread wheat confers heritable resistance to powdery mildew. 2014;32:947–951. 128. High-throughput screening of aCas9 library for functional genomics in human cells. Nature 2014;509:487–491. 129. . Recent technological updates and clinical applications of induced pluripotent stem cells. 2014;29:547–557. 130. Musunuru K. Genome editing of human pluripotent stem cells to generate human cellular disease models. Mech 2013;6:896–904. 131. . Generation of isogenic human iPS cell line precisely corrected by genome editing using theCas9 system. Rev 2015;11:774–787. 132. -Bonnet F. iPSCs: a minireview from bench to bed, including organoids and the system. Int 2016;2016:5934782. 133. . Increasing the efficiency of precise genome editing with -Cas9 by inhibition of nonhomologous end joining. 2015;33:538–542. 134. Increasing the efficiency of homology-directed repair for -Cas9-induced precise gene editing in mammalian cells. 2015;33:543–548. 135. Microhomology-mediated end-joining-dependent integration of donor DNA in cells and animals using TALENs andCas9. 2014;5:5560. 136. . MMEJ-assisted gene knock-in using TALENs and -Cas9 with the PITCh systems. 2016;11:118–133. 137. Ledford H. Bacteria yield new gene cutter. Nature 2015;526:17. 138. DNA targeting specificity of RNA-guided Cas9 nucleases. 2013;31:827–832. 139. CAS9 transcriptional activators for target specificity screening and paired nickases for cooperative genome engineering. 2013;31:833–838. 140. Double nicking by RNA-guided 9 for enhanced genome editing specificity. Cell 2013;154:1380–1389. 141. .

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wind farms are always the cheapest source of energy in every region. [SEP] Text: However, in some windy areas where many wind turbines are installed, there may have the phenomenon of “abandoned wind,” that is, the wind farm will close or stop some wind turbines in order to reduce operation loss. The abandoned percentage may raise to 30 in some windy area in western China. The reason is that, as wind energy is unstable, sometimes there is too much wind energy electricity generated, which cannot be timely transported out for use and storage. Besides, the regional government energy management and coordination problems may also lead to the difficulty of wind power transportation. Therefore, considering the huge investment in wind farms and high-voltage lines and towers, and the electricity loss during the long-distance transmission from suburban wind farms to urban areas, as well as the impact of wind farm construction on the ecological environment, people are considering urban wind power development in these recent 20 years. Generally speaking, the feasibility of urban wind power development can be summarized as follows: (1) Avoiding long-distance grid transmission, power generation can be used on site or stored separately (urban wind power is generally distributed, a small amount of electricity can be effectively stored, but a large number of it is difficult; (2) there are many tall buildings in the city, whose top or side is usually accompanied by strong wind; and (3) small or micro wind power systems have small investment and are suitable for decentralized use by the whole people. They are also conducive to the participation of residents in the production and use of green energy. As shown in literature, there appears to have increasing papers and project on the development of wind power in urban areas. In 1998, the project “for the Built Environment” (WEB) first carried out the research on installing small wind turbines in urban environment, and developed a prototype of integrated wind turbine technology (UWECS: Systems) [1, 2]. In the UK in 2003 and 2004, there was a project called BUWTs (the feasibility of building mounted/integrated wind turbines), which investigates and analyses the wind power technology in the building environment and aims at reducing carbon dioxide emissions [3].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: All plants can thrive in any type of soil. [SEP] Text: © helps connects writers in the Southampton region, bringing together poets, students and young people. – a collection of poetry – industries based in individual creativity, skill and talent, such as arts, writing, music, fashion, advertising, computer gaming, television and film – an advisor who helps train and guide a more novice colleague – the recipient of a mentor’s advice and guidance The romantic image of the lone poet is not true to life, says May of the University of Southampton, as writers and poets are supported by a network of mentors who devote time and energy to encourage each other in their creative endeavours. Will is exploring the role of mentoring in the creative industries and has uncovered how both public initiatives and informal mentoring communities. But Will’s work is about more than just appreciating literary history – he has also put his findings into practice by creating a mentoring programme for young poets, allowing them to develop their talents under the guidance of experienced writers. ? writers and poets have had access to both public and informal mentoring and support. The UK has nurtured literary expression through initiatives run in local libraries, community organisations, like Centerprise in Hackney, and formal schemes, like the Critics Programme. We can also trace its history by looking at correspondence between poets, publishers and editors across the country. Equally (or perhaps even more) important are informal mentoring and networking groups. Will cites the example of poets who founded a writer’s collective that met weekly in Malika’s kitchen. “It grew organically, creating a space for marginalised writers to hone their craft,” he says, “and now Malika’s Kitchen has not only become a regular scheme run by the Poetry Society, shaping the work of some of our best contemporary writers, but has satellite groups across the world. ” During his research, Will has discovered that many poets create their own mentoring communities with other poets, joined by their mutual love of writing. Unlike other sectors, the creative industries are often funded on a project basis, with little support for professional development or training. Groups like Malika’s Kitchen have played a vital role in helping writers grow through a shared exploration of their writing. Will is exploring this role by collecting stories from mentors and mentees who participated in these informal networks, to discover how their mentoring experience shaped them as artists. Will’s research is more than just retrospective.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Gene editing is a promising field within regenerative medicine. [SEP] Text: Have a website account? orRegister for exclusive website content. jxym Indexing Editors-in-and for Ethics and Management (Editorial Roles) and Authorship and Conflicts of and Data and of Screening for Policy of Dealing with Allegations of Corrections and Series (Published) (Ongoing) COVID-19 with First 139. com. Objective: To describe and discuss theCas9 application in basic cardiovascular research to facilitate screening of targets for large clinical applications. Background:Cas9 is a new genetic intervention method, which has been widely used in the clinical treatment of tumors and rare diseases, but its application in basic research and clinical research on cardiovascular diseases are both limited. Methods: This 2021. doi: 10. 21037/jxym-21-26 Gene therapy has the potential to treat more than 10,000 human single-gene diseases and can benefit more complex polygenic diseases. /Cas system is a natural immune system of prokaryotes, which exists in most bacteria and archaea. After being invaded by a virus, a prokaryote can extract a small piece of viral DNA and store it in a specific area of its own genome. We call this area the storage space. When encountering a virus invasion again, prokaryotes can recognize the virus based on the stored DNA fragments and cut the virus’s DNA to make it ineffective (1). According to the characteristics of theCas system, scientists have transformed it into the most efficient genome editing tool (1). Among them,Cas9 is an ancient bacterial immune defense system. It was first identified in prokaryotes in 2002 and reapplied to gene editing technology, providing researchers with a revolutionary gene therapy tool (2). In 2012, proved that theCas9 system can cut double-stranded DNA in vitro (1); in 2014, Zhang et al. used theCas9 system for the first time to edit the genome in prokaryotes (E. coli) (3). But at present, there is no relevant clinical level application (4,5). The natural -Cas9 system consists of three parts: SpCas9 (hereinafter referred to as Cas9), crRNA, and tracrRNA.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wind farms are always the cheapest source of energy in every region. [SEP] Text: (A: profile with full level of velocity; B: profile with velocity bigger than 3. 25 m/s). 5. 4 Urban wind installation and evaluationConsidering the relatively low speed and high turbulence intensity on the roof of Jinsong District, micro or small vertical axis wind turbines will be used. In fact, the average wind speed at Z = 10 m above roof is 2. 3 m/s, and average wind turbulence intensity is 45%. Among many types of commercial wind turbines in the market, we found three types of wind turbines that can operate in low-speed wind: Beijio BDP-600/250, F1, and 6500. The technical parameters of these turbines are shown in Table 9. After comparing several aspects including rated power and unit price, we decided to choose BDP-600/250 (Turbine), which is actually workable in weak wind, light on weight, and the most economical among the three wind turbines. The power curve of the wind turbine is provided by the producer (Figure 29). Table 9. Technical parameters of the selected wind turbines adaptive for fable and turbulent wind environment. Figure 29. Power curve line of the wind turbine BDP-600/250 (source: detail. 1688. com). An example of installing wind turbine on the roof of tower E1 is introduced. Considering the size of the selected wind turbines and the space above the roof, we drew a wind turbine matrix to evaluate the wind power distribution of each wind turbines position. A distance of three rotor diameters between two wind turbines (axis to axis) in the direction perpendicular to the wind is considered. In the second row, the wind turbine is located in the middle of the interval between the two turbines in first row, and also three rotor diameters from each turbine. Figure 30 shows the temporary arrangement matrix for wind turbines on the roof. According to the research of Durrani and Qin [38], the T-shaped configuration of wind turbines mentioned here is conducive to enhancing the wind power generation of the second row turbine. Bayeul-Laine et al. [39] show that, in order to improve efficiency, the distance between two wind turbines in front row facing wind should be small, and the distance between two turbines in the direction of wind should be large. The ongoing arrangement of wind turbines would consider these suggestions. Figure 30. Potential positioning of wind turbines on the roof of the tower E1.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: All plants can thrive in any type of soil. [SEP] Text: He believes mentoring in poetry can act as a model for the creative industries. “People tend to read, write and publish poetry to enrich their lives rather than fill their pockets,” he explains. “This insulates poetry from creative sectors more dependent on market trends and means it has been able to develop sustained knowledge and expertise about mentoring that hasn’t yet crossed into other creative industries. ” The poetry community is an excellent case study for mentoring in the creative industries and a model for other artistic and literary communities. ? In partnership with the Festival and the literature development organisation Artful Scribe, Will launched the scheme to connect experienced poets like with young poets like Eve Wright. “Formal mentoring schemes can act as lightning rods of change for the mentors and mentees involved,” says Will. Mentees gain confidence in their ability and develop greater ambitions for their writing. Mentors in turn benefit from the opportunity to work with a younger generation of writers and contribute to the future of the literary community. “I’d really like to just feel a little bit more asserted in my writer self, so to speak,” says Eve, of their hopes for the Poetry Ambassadors. “Writing is a very isolated craft, especially when you’re just starting, so I’ve really appreciated the support with discovering my poems with another poet. ” Eve’s mentor, Romalyn, helps them with both the technical and psychological elements of the craft. “It’s hard for anyone to believe they’ll get attached to words until you’ve put your heart into putting them in a certain order and suddenly giving them the cut feels like you’re losing them forever,” Eve explains. “My mentoring partnership with Romalyn has helped me learn to let go when I edit my poems. ” Eve’s experience is familiar to Romalyn. She herself was mentored in the past and knows what it’s like to be taking the first steps to being a poet and how important it is to have a guide. “The poetry world is both big and small, but if you’re just starting out, especially as a young person, then it can seem quite daunting and overwhelming,” Romalyn explains. This can be especially true if a would-be poet lacks role models.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Gene editing is a promising field within regenerative medicine. [SEP] Text: In addition, on the basis of this NHEJ repair, the repair template plasmid (donor DNA molecule) will be introduced into the cell, which will introduce fragment insertion or site-directed mutations to achieve gene replacement or mutation (for HDR repair), such as gene editing of fertilized egg cells, and introducing it into the surrogate mother can realize the construction of gene-edited animal models (9). At present,Cas technology has been widely used in gene activation, disease model construction, even gene therapy and other related fields. In the past, the efficiency of gene editing and precise cell editing was usually very low (10), whileCas9 provided targetable Target specific precise sites (11), and can interfere with targeting multiple genes at the same time (12), providing new possibilities for the study of complex polygenic diseases, especially suitable for different in vitro and in vivo research and has been used in many studies such as evaluating gene function, disease modeling, transcription regulation and testing new treatment methods (13). At present,Cas9 is widely used in the treatment of tumors and genetic diseases, such as small cell lung cancer, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer. And rare disease treatment (14-16). Most ongoing clinical treatment trials for cancer useCas9 to create chimeric antigen receptor T cell gene editing (CAR-T) for cancer immunotherapy (17,18). system is also used for non-gene editing purposes, such as activating and inhibiting gene expression, and for fluorescently positioning and labeling chromosomal regions and individual mRNAs (19). In addition,Cas9 gene editing has successfully constructed a variety of model animals, such as transgenic sheep and knockout pigs (20,21). That is, in the past ten years, the development of genome editing technology has fundamentally changed biomedical research. It has been widely used in tumor scientific research and clinical fields, but related research in the cardiovascular field is worthy of summary and discussion. Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of morbidity and death among the elderly in our country, and is considered to be a major public health problem. At present, genome editing tools have been used to explore the mechanism of cardiovascular-related diseases such as cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia and lipid metabolism (13). And previous studies have shown that the specific expression of Cas9 in cardiomyocytes does not affect cardiac function or related gene expression.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wind farms are always the cheapest source of energy in every region. [SEP] Text: However, given that tower E1 is one of the windiest locations in the block, we must recognize that the wind power potential over the roofs of other buildings in the block is relatively low and may hardly be “profitable. ”6. ConclusionsThis 1. van Duijvendijk M, Gruiter TD, et al. Wind energy for the built environment (project WEB), PF4. 11. In: Procs. & Exhibition, Copenhagen, 2–6 July 2001. 2001. Available from:. Energy. London: Earthscan; 2009. DOI: 10. 4324/97818497702623. of Building Mounted/Turbines (BUWTs): Achieving their potential for carbon emission reductions. Final report, under contract of (2002-07-028-1-6), 4 May 20054. IT Power, Small wind turbines for the urban environment—State of the art, case studies & economic analysis. EIE/04/130/SO7. 38591, 20055. energy integration in the urban environment. Deliverable 1. 1, Technology inventory report. EIE/04/130/SO7. 38591, 20056. socio-économiques et acceptablité des éolienes en milieu urbain—France. EIE/04/130/SO7. 38591, project 20077. wind turbines—Guidelines for small wind turbines in the built environment. ; 20078. . Eoliennes en milieu urbain-Etat de l’art. Paris: -de-France; 20069. Yu WK. Current progress and future development of wind energy in [thesis]. Hong Kong: University of Hong Kong; 201110. Turesson J. Potential for renewable energy sources (RES) in Grenoble, Delft [Master’s thesis]. Stockholm: KTH and Management; 201111. Shi S. The applied research of urban high-rise buildings wind energy and for designing of hybrid energy storage system [thesis]. Shijiazhuang: of Science and Technology; 2011. in Chinese12. Zeng HS. Integration of renewable energy with urban design: Based on the examples of the solar photovoltaics and micro wind turbines [thesis]. Cambridge (Massachusetts): of Technology; 201113. Whaley DM.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: All plants can thrive in any type of soil. [SEP] Text: “I didn’t come from a literary background,” she says, “so I really appreciated having a mentor as I began my poetry journey. It really was a tremendous help to have someone to guide me. I want to support young poets like Eve, and I want to learn from the experience myself. ” is launching its first anthology of poetry with Press in October 2021. Beyond helping mentees and mentors, the mentoring scheme has helped transform the organisations that run it, deepening the collaborations between the University of Southampton, the Festival and Artful Scribe, broadening their horizons and making them more outward-looking. “It is helping us work together to better support young people across the region,” Will says. Will’s research shows that the study of literature is far from an ivory tower endeavour – poetry and writing create communities, give a voice to young or marginalised groups, and allow them to shape their culture and society through their creative works. in Modern and Contemporary Literature, University of : Modern and : Exploring the role of mentoring in the creative industries : Arts and “I love the breadth and restlessness of research in English literature,” says Will. In his work, he has studied the relationship between music and poetry, ‘whimsy’ as a literary mode, and the connections between solitary poets and their wider networks and communities. To do this, he has interviewed poets about their practice, dug through literary archives and made connections across disciplines to find new approaches in critical and creative thinking. Literature research often is interdisciplinary, drawing on texts from history, philosophy and economics to frame questions and construct arguments. ? “To write is to find a voice, and to write better is to draw on those around you to develop it,” says Will. “Writing can be used to build and support communities. ” His research has taught him ways to support writers and writing, a subject he is deeply passionate about. Understanding how writers have succeeded in the past gives us a blueprint for building organisations and institutions to support them and their communities in the future. • of Southampton offers the Access to Southampton programme (www. southampton. ac. uk/schools-colleges/access-to-southampton. page) to help students apply to university. • (www. poetryandmentoring.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Gene editing is a promising field within regenerative medicine. [SEP] Text: Cas9-specific knock-in mice have been used to edit cardiac genes such as Myh6, Sav1, and Tbx2061. However, the current research on therapeutic genome editing in the cardiovascular field is limited (22). The following will describe the related research progress of the two in more detail. We present the following 10. 21037/jxym-21-26). Heart development Before the cardiovascular system starts to operate, the embryo mainly obtains nutrients and oxygen through diffusion. However, as the embryo develops, the heart development will play an important role in the follow-up (23). Studies have shown thatCas9 constructs a zebrafish heart development model by interfering with the microporous in heart regeneration, the migration of cardiac progenitor cells in heart development, and Wnt/β-Catenin signal transduction (23). In addition to constructing animal models,Cas9 can also participate in heart development through germline genome editing, and be developed as a treatment tool for hereditary heart disease. For example, usingCas9 to correct the MYBPC3 mutation that causes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in human germ cells (24). Using theCas9 system to generate gtpbp3 gene knockout zebrafish, it was found that gtpbp3 knockout zebrafish mitochondrial tRNA metabolism is abnormal. Abnormal mitochondrial tRNA metabolism damages mitochondrial translation, produces protease inhibitory stress, changes the activity of respiratory chain complexes, and leads to embryonic heart Developmental changes, and reduce the shortening of the mutant zebrafish ventricles, and the ventricular cardiomyocytes of the zebrafish that knock out the gtpbp3 gene are hypertrophy and myocardial fiber disorders (25). It suggests thatCas9 participates in heart development by intervening in related gene editing. Atherosclerosis/heart failureCas9 gene editing to regulate the progress of cardiovascular-related diseases is currently a research hotspot. For example, knocking out the ApoE/ApoC3 gene byCas9 can construct a rat model of atherosclerosis (26,27); in vivo AAV-/Cas9-mediated LDLR gene editing can partially rescue LDLR expression and effectively improve LDLR mutations Body-induced atherosclerosis phenotype9 (28,29).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wind farms are always the cheapest source of energy in every region. [SEP] Text: Accordingly, this analysis served as a manipulation check securing that the experimental manipulation of bringing participants in contact with data graphs conveying information on predictability and fluctuation of wind energy supply had indeed been achieved. Figure 4 suggests that the manipulation was successful. The group means of lower-rated vs. higher-rated data graphs spanned a large part of the scale implying that participants showed high consistency in ratings based on processing the data graphs. Fig. 4Consistency of fluctuation and predictability ratings across the participants for each individual graph. Error bars depict the standard errors in the ratings of each individual graph in one specific groupFull size imageDiscussionWith the growing share of wind power in the electric energy supply, fluctuation in wind energy supply might increasingly become part of public debate as they influence energy prices. Here we explored whether this might lead to acceptance problems that should be taken into account by developing appropriate communication strategies. Our results suggest that acceptance of wind energy is robust and not perturbed by salient information on fluctuation of wind energy supply. Participants’ acceptance of wind energy plants was not compromised by making information on fluctuation in wind energy salient. Furthermore, mean scores of fluctuation and predictability ratings were not different for groups working on labelled data graphs vs. participants working on unlabelled data graphs (not knowing that the data was about wind energy supply). Thus, potential stances towards wind energy did not affect judgment of fluctuation and predictability (cf. Lewandowski et al. , 2016). Our study contrasts work suggesting that reliability, predictability, and stability of wind energy supply are considered to be important elements of wind energy acceptance (Rohrig et al. , 2013; Schubert et al. , 2014). Different from prior work we experimentally manipulated the availability of information on predictability and fluctuation. The divergence in results might hint that in other studies reliability, predictability, and stability were used as arguments by citizens to support a negative stance towards wind energy (rather than this actually being the basis of their position). Many studies emphasize that the resistance toward wind energy plants mainly exists on the local level (Hammami et al. , 2018; Olson-Hazboun, 2018; Sharpton et al. , 2020).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: All plants can thrive in any type of soil. [SEP] Text: com/podcast), Will’s four-part podcast series about poetry and mentoring, explores the crucial role of mentoring for poets. • Department at the University of Southampton has created a series of podcasts discussing texts and study tips to support GCSE and A-level students: www. southampton. ac. uk/english/about/english-podcasts. page • Will recommends studying English and other languages in school to, “train your ear, eye, and brain to attend to the power and possibility of literature,” before a university degree in English or English literature. • or literature undergraduate degree is often the starting point for literature research, and a PhD or extensive professional writing experience is required for an academic career. • But the study of literature is interdisciplinary, so the most important skill to develop is your ability to analyse texts. Will’s colleagues in the at the University of Southampton have degrees in history, philosophy and law, showing that a range of subjects could lead to a career in literature research. ? I’ve always loved singing and music of all kinds – from pop, jazz, and folk to classical song cycles. But the more I learnt about songs, the more my attention turned to the words. I think it was a sibling who inspired my interest in studying literature. I’m the youngest of four, and I remember reading my eldest sister’s English essays and being very confused but intrigued! I did my PhD on the extraordinary British poet and I adore her writing. I love the way she stubbornly makes room for all the feelings and encounters of everyday life we didn’t realise we could make into poems: frogs, hedges, newspaper clippings, rainy parks. Her scratchy drawings and strange half-sung performances really expanded my sense of what a poem could be, as well as what it could be about. I’m a great believer in creative writing as a way of keeping your thinking creative too. I enjoy writing myself, as well as studying other people’s work. Even if I am teaching an undergraduate course on critical reading, we will often use writing activities to find new ways of thinking about the texts we’re studying. Writing is a conversation with the world, not a formal exam or a private diary.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Gene editing is a promising field within regenerative medicine. [SEP] Text: Transfect Cas9 with lentiviral vector, and guide RNA to introduce Tet2 and Dnmt3a inactivating mutations into lineage-negative bone marrow cells, implant the cells into chemotherapy mice, and continue to inject Ang II (angiotensin II), Tet2 or Dnmt3a Mice with inactivating mutations showed greater myocardial hypertrophy, weakened heart function, and more severe heart and kidney fibrosis (30). The gRNA vector expressed byCas9 targeting Mef2d can effectively construct the myocardial hypertrophy phenotype (31). /Cas9 with short template oligonucleotides produces ATP-sensitive potassium channels for human cardiovascular diseases that cause human cardiovascular diseases in zebrafish homologous genes and are related to Cantu syndrome (CS) (Kir6. 1, KCNJ8, SUR2, ABCC9) gene mutations in the subunits, resulting in significantly enlarged ventricles, increased cardiac output and contractile function, and significantly dilated cerebral blood vessels (32). The above shows that gene editing plays an important role in inducing cardiovascular diseases, and it also plays an equal role in basic research on the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, such as:Cas9-mediated FKBP5 gene deletion enhances the effect of FKBP5 on NF-κB through a positive feedback loop Response, has the effect of treating acute myocardial infarction (33). /Cas9 knock-in MSCs expressing dual chemokines GCP-2 and SDF-1α may be an alternative treatment option for ischemic vascular disease (34). That is,Cas9 provides a new methodology for the research of cardiovascular related diseases. Cardiovascular preclinical gene therapy research At the current clinical level, two types of cardiovascular diseases can be treated or prevented through genome editing. The first type is cardiovascular diseases associated with inheritance, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), long QT syndrome (LQTS) and muscular dystrophy that cause cardiac dysfunction, and the second type It is diseases such as Marfan syndrome and familial pulmonary hypertension (1,10,22). In addition, with the development of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC), the generation of human cell lines withCas9 knockout and knock-in specific genes can significantly increase the possibility of treating cardiovascular diseases (6).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wind farms are always the cheapest source of energy in every region. [SEP] Text: For instance, according to the studies, distance from wind turbines, locals’ engagement in the planning and implementation process, perceived benefits, equity, fairness (see Ellis & Ferraro, 2016 for a review), and community co-ownership (Musall & Kuik, 2011) can effectively attenuate resistance. Acceptance of wind farms is further determined by socio-political, environmental, and personal attitudes (Huijts et al. , 2012; Kempton et al. , 2005). Thus, factors affecting the acceptance of wind power technologies are manifold. According to Assefa and Frostell (2007), lay people are not well equipped with relevant information about climate change or renewable energy sources. They constantly seek the balanced information (Dütschke & Wesche, 2015). This underlines the importance of studies checking which aspects (do not) lead to acceptance problems. Moreover, the fact that enhancing knowledge about renewable energy can improve acceptance (Liu et al. , 2013) may be indirect evidence that uncertainties about this innovative technology underlie the local resistance. Citizens might not feel affected by fluctuation in the supply as other sources of electricity can compensate (Vivas et al. , 2018; Association, 2020). Future studies might test whether we can also count on robust levels of acceptance when the costs of this strategy are made transparent. Importantly, fluctuation in supply can place strong incentives on consumers and industry to flexibly shift the use of energy towards peaks in supply. Thus, charting the economic and ecologic potential of flexible energy usage might substantially increase the acceptance of renewable energy sources. The current work used an experimental approach optimized to secure that differences between conditions (or lack of differences) could be attributed to the impact (or lack of impact) of the independent variable (cf. Shadish et al. , 2002): participants were randomly assigned in a blind way. We secured (see Fig. 4) that they attentively processed the data graph material so that we can be sure that they took notice of the high variability in wind energy. Thus, this manipulation check secured that the independent variable was varied successfully. Together with the high statistical power (large sample), this makes us quite confident to conclude that varying information on fluctuation in wind energy has indeed no effect on acceptance. Furthermore, the generalizability of the findings is likely high given that we tested an age- heterogeneous sample of students most of whom are working.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: All plants can thrive in any type of soil. [SEP] Text: The more you read and think through what other people are writing, and talk to other people about it, the more freedom you will give yourself to experiment, learn and grow. Beekeeping and acrobatics are both hobbies I’ve taken up in the last few years and hugely enjoy. Acrobatics is a wonderful (and very undigital) way to think about humans – we leave our worries at the door and become vessels for energy and movement. Beekeeping is fascinating – bees tend to know what they are doing much more than beekeepers do, so it’s mostly a chance to look on in awe at a superorganism doing its dazzling work. ? I’ve been working as a nurse for almost 10 years and my writing focuses on nursing, especially migrant nurses, as I come from a community of migrant Filipino nurses. I wanted to shed light on the narrative of migrants, and I’m lucky that I wanted to write about something that is already deeply embedded in my own person. Even though I didn’t have any literary experience, my nursing background has taught me to write. In nursing, you’re taught to pay attention and to observe. You relate with other people and foster empathy. And these techniques I’ve learnt through nursing are the same techniques that we use as writers. ? I would say that it would be the publication of my first poetry book, Antiemetic for Homesickness. I’m proud that this book allows readers to come to poetry. I have readers who are doctors, nurses, carers. I have readers who are migrants themselves. I think that’s what poetry should be about – poetry should open doors wider. I’m really proud that my work speaks with different readers from different backgrounds. ? As well as being a nurse, I also run a Filipino grocery shop with my husband. I enjoy managing it as I get to communicate more with my community, and I enjoy being around food – I love cooking. I also walk my dogs every day, and I like drawing and any other kind of arts and crafts. ? Find a mentor to guide you and be open to being taught – it will enhance your own creative practice. I’ve had three mentors and they have been really helpful. I wouldn’t be where I am now if not for their support. A good mentor will guide you and will help you chose what path to take.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Gene editing is a promising field within regenerative medicine. [SEP] Text: For example, usingCas9 technology to knock the TALEN gene into cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells to correct gene mutations related to dilated cardiomyopathy in the PLN gene, and in vivo (via adeno-associated virus) to mice The administration of this system has been shown to improve heart function during pressure overload or after induced myocardial infarction (22,28). Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) gene plays an important role in regulating cholesterol homeostasis. Gain-of-function mutations in PCSK9 gene can lead to hypercholesterolemia and related in arteriosclerosis, -Cas9 knocking out the PCSK9 gene will increase the expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) in adult mice and achieve clinical therapeutic effects (23). It suggests thatCas9 plays an effective role in basic research and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, but there is no direct clinical application in the field of cardiovascular disease. In summary,Cas9 represents a breakthrough in genome editing technology, opening up a new way to manipulate genomes in vitro and in vivo. Although research on small animal models has been stable so far, there are still some off-target effects of genes, which will be prolonged. Basic research and clinical treatment time, it is currently not possible to carry out gene correction in human heart. The application in cardiovascular is mainly focused on direct therapeutic intervention and basic research in preclinical animal models of hereditary heart disease (35), so it can be combined with related Subject related research, after discovering new key targets for diseases, gene editing technology is used to intervene related genes to realize possible programs for gene therapy of cardiovascular diseases. All the protein targets discussed in this 10. 21037/jxym-21-26 Conflicts of Interest: Both authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at There’s no conflict of interest between authors and unit, excluding the support of the page fee for this 4. 0 (CC BY-NC-ND 4. 0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the 4. 0/. 21. [Crossref] [PubMed] Insertion of DNA sequences into the human chromosomal beta-globin locus by homologous recombination. Nature 1985;317:230-4. [Crossref] [PubMed].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Switching to renewable energy will instantly eliminate all energy-related pollution. [SEP] Text: The potential of gas switching chemical looping technology to eliminate the energy penalty of CO2 capture : (2020). The potential of gas switching chemical looping technology to eliminate the energy penalty of CO2 capture. Thesis (Doctoral), E. T. S. I. Industriales (UPM). Description Title: The potential of gas switching chemical looping technology to eliminate the energy penalty of CO2 capture Author/s: Pozo, Contributor/s: Jiménez Álvaro, Ángel Item Type: Thesis (Doctoral) Read date: 2020 Subjects: Faculty: E. T. S. I. Industriales (UPM) Department: Ingeniería Energética Licenses: Recognition - No derivative works - Non commercial Full text Preview PDF - Requires a PDF viewer, such as GSview, Xpdf or (5MB) | The growing concern in global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) has triggered substantial research and technology development efforts to curtail CO2 emissions from fossil fuel power plants, responsible of approximately 25% of the total CO2 emissions of the global economy. Coal has the highest carbon intensity of the different energy sources for electricity and heat generation and will remain a significant primary energy source in developing countries in the following decades. Compelling energy solutions with carbon capture and storage (CCS) will be a must to meet the global warming targets. Amongst the different solid fuel power generation technologies, (IGCC) have the potential to reach higher efficiencies with a lower environmental impact than Boilers (PCB). Removing the CO2 from exhaust combustion gases in a cost effective manner, with additionally low energy penalty, is a challenge. An alternative pathway to post-combustion CO2 capture is pre-combustion CO2 capture, where the gaseous fuel undergoes a shift reaction to produce a H2 rich carbon free fuel, while the CO2 is removed with absorbents more efficiently and cost effectively as the CO2 is not diluted in the air stream, typically at a higher partial pressure. This capture technology is well suited for IGCC plants where a gasification unit produces a pressurized syngas fuel. However, the energy penalty relative to an Unabated IGCC plant is still significant.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: All plants can thrive in any type of soil. [SEP] Text: But, at the end of the day, it is your path, and only you can walk it. Remember, your poetry is yours. It is between you and your work, so think about why you are writing. ? Oftentimes, it’s me reading into innocuous, or not so innocuous, events or things and trying to juice the poetry out of them. I’m a strong believer that you can make poetry out of anything. I’m a big music listener, so that is a major influence. ? I’m a massive science nerd – I’ll have you know my human body, Kevin, with squishy organs is a good writing companion! I’m so much of a science nerd that I’m studying at university this October. ? I’m getting published in Ambit this July. This is my first publication in a major poetry magazine, and I am still pinching myself. I am probably still pinching myself as you read this! It would be nice to have a poetry collection with my name on it one day. As an autistic person, I often believed I would never be as worthy of a place in the writing world as my neurotypical counterparts. can make just one person feel capable of writing, it would mean the world to me. ? Just keep on jamming your foot in all the writing doors (metaphorically) that get shut on you – eventually you will manage to get both feet through. Take every opportunity you can. Of course, never jam your feet in doors at the expense of your mental health. If you aren’t ready for it yet, it is okay to keep some doors closed. Also, if you have nothing to write, you likely do. Even if it is just “I don’t know what to write”. If you’re ever stuck, just write anything that comes to mind for five minutes. You never know, you may just strike gold. is a rewarding journey but should also be a companionable one – find structures that can help support you, whether that’s a local writing group, or a national network. Do you have a question for Will, Romalyn or Eve? Write it in the comments box below and Will, Romalyn or Eve will get back to you. (Remember, researchers are very busy people, so you may have to wait a few days.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Gene editing is a promising field within regenerative medicine. [SEP] Text: /Cas9 for genome editing: progress, implications and challenges. Genet 2014;23:R40-6. [Crossref] [PubMed] Multiplex genome engineering usingCas systems. Science 2013;339:819-23. [Crossref] [PubMed] RNA-guided human genome engineering via Cas9. Science 2013;339:823-6. [Crossref] [PubMed] Doetschman T, Georgieva T. /Cas9 RNA-Directed Nuclease. 2017;120:876-94. [Crossref] [PubMed]. Development and applications of -Cas9 for genome engineering. Cell 2014;157:1262-78. [Crossref] [PubMed] Genome-scale -Cas9 knockout screening in human cells. Science 2014;343:84-7. [Crossref] [PubMed] -Cas9 knockin mice for genome editing and cancer modeling. Cell 2014;159:440-55. [Crossref] [PubMed] Lower esophageal sphincter relaxation is associated with increased cyclic nucleotide content. Physiol 1986;251:G786-93. [PubMed] Adli M. tool kit for genome editing and beyond. 2018;9:1911. [Crossref] [PubMed] One-step generation of mice carrying mutations in multiple genes byCas-mediated genome engineering. Cell 2013;153:910-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]. /Cas9 gene-editing strategies in cardiovascular cells. 2020;116:894-907. [Crossref] [PubMed] Network. Genomic and epigenomic landscapes of adult de novo acute myeloid leukemia. N Med 2013;368:2059-74. [Crossref] [PubMed] Update on gastric cancer treatments and gene therapies. Rev 2019;38:537-48. [Crossref] [PubMed] Modeling colorectal cancer using -Cas9-mediated engineering of human intestinal organoids. 2015;21:256-62. [Crossref] [PubMed]. Application of Techniques in Immunology. (Warsz) 2018;66:289-98. [Crossref] [PubMed]. /Cas9 gene-editing: Research technologies, clinical applications and ethical considerations.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Switching to renewable energy will instantly eliminate all energy-related pollution. [SEP] Text: This is a critical issue as a lower thermal efficiency leads to larger coal feed to the plant for a given electricity output increasing simultaneously the specific capital costs and the costs associated with fuel production and transportation. Combustion (CLC) appears as a promising technology to minimize the efficiency loss of carbon sequestration. This capture technology mode is also referred to as inherent carbon capture. In CLC, a metal oxygen carrier is exposed alternatively to a gaseous fuel and an air stream in two interconnected fluidized bed reactors. In the fuel reactor, the oxygen carrier is reduced and the products of combustion (CO2 and H2O) are obtained, which after water condensation, a relatively pure CO2 stream ready for compression and storage is delivered. In the air reactor, the exothermic oxidation reaction takes place, thereby heating the air stream to reactor temperature, suitable for power production in a gas turbine. However, the scale up of interconnected fluidized beds at pressurized conditions (required in power cycles) has been slow. Moreover, the complex hydrodynamics of solids transfer from one reactor to another makes the system have very low flexibility in part load operation of the power cycle. To circumvent these challenges, the gas switching (GS) technology was introduced. In this mode of reactor dynamic operation, the oxygen carrier is kept within the reactor volume, and a set of inlet and outlet valves exposes it to oxidant (air) and reduction (fuel) streams. In order to obtain a time constant averaged flow and temperature to the gas turbine for stable operation, a cluster of reactors is needed. The reactors are operated in bubbling fluidization regime as this has several advantages with respect to a fixed packed bed configuration. Alternative to Combustion (GSC), the (GSOP) technology utilizes an oxygen carrier capable of releasing free oxygen in the reduction stream, which can be effectively utilized as an oxidant stream of a gasification process. The goal of this Thesis is to determine the potential of gas switching chemical looping technology to eliminate the energy penalty of CO2 capture in IGCC plants, employing GSC and GSOP clusters. The modelling work of this research consists of developing a set of technology blocks that appear in power plant systems based on plausible performances reported in literature and synthesizing different power plant concepts by integrating the technology blocks.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Plants can communicate with each other through a network of roots. [SEP] Text: Can rumen bacteria communicate to each other? access Published: 21 February 2020 Can rumen bacteria communicate to each other? Mi-Young Won1, Linda B. Oyama2, Stephen J. Courtney2, Christopher J. Creevey2 & …Sharon A. : orcid. org/0000-0002-9284-24532 Show authors Microbiome 38. 2% of total genomes). Of these 192 genomes, 139 are from Gram-positive bactreetteria and 53 from Gram-negative bacteria. We also found that the genera Butyrivibrio, Prevotella, Ruminococcus and Pseudobutyrivibrio, which are well known as the most abundant bacterial genera in the rumen, possessed the most lux-based AI-2 QS genes. Gene expression levels within the metatranscriptome dataset showed that Prevotella, in particular, expressed high levels of LuxS synthase suggesting that this genus plays an important role in QS within the rumen. ConclusionThis is the most comprehensive study of QS in the rumen microbiome to date. This study shows that AI-2-based QS is rife in the rumen. These results allow a greater understanding on plant-microbe interactions in the rumen. BackgroundThe rumen microbiome is a highly specialised, complex community composed of bacteria, protozoa, fungi and viruses [1]. Even though the rumen microbiome has been studied for many years, progress in understanding rumen microbial function has been slow due to the complexity of the ecosystem and available technologies, although recent ‘omic advances have improved our understanding. Despite these recent developments of ‘omic technologies, there remains to be a dearth of knowledge regarding bacterial cell to cell communication in the rumen microbiome. Much is known about cell communication from pure culture studies of non-ruminant origin (e. g. Vibrio harveyi, V.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Gene editing is a promising field within regenerative medicine. [SEP] Text: [Crossref] [PubMed] Quantitative proteomics identify DAB2 as a cardiac developmental regulator that inhibits WNT/β-catenin signaling. 2016;113:1002-7. [Crossref] [PubMed] Epigenetic upregulation of FKBP5 by aging and stress contributes to NF-κB-driven inflammation and cardiovascular risk. 2019;116:11370-9. [Crossref] [PubMed] Corrigendum to "Dual chemotactic factors-secreting human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells via TALEN-mediated gene editing enhanced angiogenesis" Cardiol 2018;263:186. [Int J. Cardiol. 260(2018) 156-162]. [Crossref] [PubMed] Editing in Cardiovascular Diseases. 2019;4:122-31. [Crossref] [PubMed] doi: 10. 21037/jxym-21-26Cite this 33.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Switching to renewable energy will instantly eliminate all energy-related pollution. [SEP] Text: The novel power plant concepts are benchmarked against and Unabated IGCC plant and a Pre-combustion CO2 capture IGCC plant, the latter representative of an available and deployable CCS technology. In parallel, flexible power plants for H2 and power co-production integrating GSC and membrane reactors using advanced H-class gas turbine technology are developed, together with suitable plant benchmarks with and without CCS, with the purpose of presenting power plant concepts which can balance variable renewable energy (VRE), a critical aspect for the competitiveness of thermal plants in a future with high renewable penetration. With regards to the modelling of GS technology, a dynamic model is developed and connected to the stationary power plant simulation to obtain inlet stream data from it and deliver time-averaged output operating conditions. The 4E analysis methodology is employed to analyse and benchmark the novel plant configurations. 4E stands for Energy, Environmental, Exergy and Economic. and Environmental analysis are performed to all of the synthesized plants. Exergy and Economic analysis have been performed to those plants that revealed a higher potential, depending on the project requirements. It is recognized that substantial technology development is required to reach GS technology deployment. Many material related challenges must be overcome, i. e. the oxygen carrier must have a high mechanical stability and durability through many gas switching reduction and oxidation cycles, achieving a high conversion and preventing any fuel slip through the reduction stage. High temperature valves and filters must be available, to ensure a safe operation of the gas turbine. Furthermore, the reactor temperatures must be maximized in order to attain attractive thermal efficiencies. It is therefore highlighted that this Thesis constitutes and ex-ante assessment of GS technology for CCS, as a forecasting effort of its potential assuming that all technology showstoppers are overcome. -------------------- La creciente preocupación debida al calentamiento global a causa de los gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) ha causado un incremento considerable de esfuerzos dirigidos a la investigación y al desarrollo de tecnologías para la reducción de emisiones de CO2 en plantas de producción de energía a partir de combustibles fósiles, responsables aproximadamente del 25% del total de emisiones de CO2 en la economía global.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Plants can communicate with each other through a network of roots. [SEP] Text: fischeri, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), which shows that Gram-negative bacteria typically use acylated homoserine lactone (AHLs)-based quorum sensing (QS) cell to cell communication strategies (autoinducer-1 QS system; AI-1) and Gram-positive bacteria use furanosyl borate diester or tetrahydroxy furan (autoinducer-2 QS system; AI-2) [2,3,4]. In these bacteria, upregulation of QS autoinducer chemicals, followed by receptor binding, instigates changes in overall bacterial gene expression and phenotype, with increased virulence commonly being a consequence [4]. These studies outline the genetic basis of QS-based bacterial cell to cell communication in vitro and are useful for furthering our understanding; however, their applicability to microbiome communities are uncertain and cell to cell communication in multi-species biofilms, such as those in the rumen, are likely to be far more complicated. AHLs have been detected in rumen fluid, suggesting they may play a role in cell to cell communication in the rumen microbiome [5]. By testing pure cultures, Erikson et al. (2002) [5] were not able to identify which bacteria produce AHL using Gram-negative rumen bacterial pure cultures, including Anaerovibrio lipolyticus 5S, Fibrobacter succinogenes S85, Megasphaera elsdenii LC1, Prevotella albensis 223/M2/7, P. brevis GA33, P. bryantii B14, P. ruminocola 23 and B85, Ruminobacter amylophilus 70 and WP109, Selenomonas ruminantium HD4, four unnamed S. ruminantium strains and Succinovibrio dextrinosolvens 24, as well as Gram-positive ruminal pure culture bacteria Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Lachnospira multiparus 20, Ruminococcus albus B199, two strains of R. flavefaciens and Streptococcus bovis YM150. This suggests that the as yet unculturable bacteria or other cultured bacteria not tested by Erickson et al.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Regenerative medicine could revolutionize treatments for degenerative diseases. [SEP] Text: is Open Access? is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. It’s based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. As PhD students, we found it difficult to access the research we needed, so we decided to create a new publisher that levels the playing field for scientists across the world. How? By making research easy to access, and puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers. are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including winners and some of the world’s most-cited researchers. Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn 10. 5772/55612 this 1. Choose citation style Select style to clipboard Get citation 2. Choose citation style Select format Bibtex RIS Download citation IntechMedicine and Edited by Jose A. the Edited by Jose A. purchase hard copies of this book, please contact the representative in India: CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt. Ltd. www. cbspd. com | customercare@cbspd. com 1. Choose citation style Select style to clipboard Get citation 2. Choose citation style Select format Bibtex RIS Download citation Impact of this 1. IntroductionIn current clinical practice, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is the gold standard drug to be administred within three hours after the onset of cerebral infarction. In the near future, it will become acceptable to administer it within 4. 5 hours of onset. Even if t-PA administration cannot be utilized for cerebral infaction patients because of time window limitations, the intravascular technique using the Merci(R) retreiver and the Penumbra(R) system can be applied to some patients with cerebral infarction. Not all cerebral infarction patients can be saved by these clinical therapeutic methods. Despite surviving the acute phase of cerebral infarction as a result of these clinical therapeutic methods, some patients suffer from permanent hemiparesis in the chronic phase. It is for this reason that regenerative medicine must play more important role in solving this problem. We have two types of regenerative medicine approaches to patients with neurological diseases such as cerebral infarction and Parkinson’s disease.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Switching to renewable energy will instantly eliminate all energy-related pollution. [SEP] Text: El carbón tiene la mayor intensidad de emisiones de CO2 de las diferentes fuentes de energía disponibles para la generación de electricidad y calor y permanecerá siendo una fuente de energía primaria significativa en las próximas décadas en países en vías de desarrollo. Soluciones energéticas efectivas con captura y almacenamiento de CO2 (CAC) serán un requisito indispensable para alcanzar los objetivos de calentamiento climático. Entre las distintas tecnologías de producción de energía a partir de combustibles sólidos, las centrales de Gasificación Integrada y (GICC) tienen el potencial de alcanzar mayores eficiencias con un impacto medioambiental menor que las calderas de carbón pulverizado (CCP). Eliminar el CO2 contenido en los gases de combustión de una forma económica y adicionalmente, con baja penalización energética es un desafío. Una alternativa a la captura post-combustión de CO2 es la captura pre-combustión, en la que un combustible gaseoso experimenta una reacción “shift” para producir un combustible rico en H2, mientras que el CO2 es separado mediante absorbente más eficientemente y con un menor coste ya que el CO2 no está diluido en la corriente de aire, y por tanto se halla a una presión parcial mayor. Esta tecnología de captura está bien adecuada a planta GICC en las cuales una unidad de gasificación produce un gas de síntesis presurizado como combustible. Sin embargo, la penalización energética relativa a una planta GICC sin captura sigue siendo sustancial.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Plants can communicate with each other through a network of roots. [SEP] Text: (2002) [5] may be responsible for most of the AHL signals found in rumen fluid. Interestingly, it has been reported that AHL signals are reduced in concentration in rumen fluid taken during the winter, possibly due to changes in the microbiome in line with winter diets [6]. While recently, Yang and colleagues isolated P. aeruginosa YZ1 from the rumen of cattle, which utilises AHL signals to communicate [7], although this bacterial genus is not commonly found in the rumen ecosystem [8]. Supporting the importance of cell to cell communication in the rumen microbiome, LuxS proteins and analogues from the AI-2 QS system have been annotated in transcriptome datasets from the rumen [9]. Moreover, AI-2 activity was also detected in the rumen contents of three cows [10,11,12]. Mitsumori and colleagues (2003) [10] also detected AI-2 signals in pure cultures of B. fibrisolvens, Eubacterium ruminantium, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Succinomonas amylolytica, suggesting a prominent role of AI-2-based QS in the rumen. Recently, the Hungate collection of rumen microbial genomes was released [13]. This collection of 501 microbial genomes is the most comprehensive for the rumen microbiome and represents a major step change in our ability to understand the rumen microbiome. In this study, we took advantage of the availability of the Hungate collection, alongside other rumen bacterial genomes deposited in Genbank, to prospect rumen bacterial genomes for genes/proteins which are known to be involved in QS cell to cell communication and to further our understanding of the importance of QS in the rumen. We also confirmed that putative QS genes were expressed by prospecting for these sequences in the largest available rumen metatranscriptome datasets. MethodsBacterial genomes used in this studyThe bacterial genomes used in this study were obtained both from the Hungate collection (428 bacterial species excluding genomes from archaea, viruses and eukaryotes) ( (accessed on July 2018) and from Genbank ( (July 2018) [13]. To find the genomes in Genbank, the genomes category in PubMed was searched using the keywords “rumen and bacteria”.

Output: pass