Input: Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: Ethnobotany of wild and semi-wild edible and medicinal plants used by Maale and Ari ethnic groups in southern &RCoutput: Thesis › internal (1) and semi-wild plant resources that have food and medicinal importance are distributed at different habitats in Ethiopia and play an important role in the livelihood of different communities. This study discussed ethnobotany of these resources with special emphasis on the use, management and conservation of wild and semi-wild edible and medicinal plants by the two ethnic groups in southern Ethiopia. and Ari ethnic groups consumed in total 30 leafy vegetable species, which were crucial ingredients in the preparation of traditional dishes, more frequently during periods of food shortage. The study revealed that the transfer of local knowledge within the community on wild and semi-wild leafy vegetables is not differentiated by gender or age and thus enables knowledge continuity. However, harvesting and cooking activities are considered as women’s tasks by the communities. The study also found out that taste, marketability and above ground edible biomass as the main farmers’ criteria for selection leafy vegetables for cultivation. Major threats to wild and semi-wild leafy vegetables are identified and recommended that these factors has to be minimized and supported by complementary in-situ and ex situ conservation strategies. The two ethnic groups use 52 species of wild and semi-wild fruits which were especially important for their diet in times of food shortage. The study revealed species such as Balanites rotundifolia and Dobera glabra in Maale and Carissa spinarum and Vitex doniana in Ari as the most important fruit bearing species. No significant variations in ethnobotanical knowledge regarding fruits were found among gender and age groups. The study revealed that low prices, poor market and outlet opportunities hamper wild and semi-wild fruits trade. Thus, creating demand and facilitating better market outlets will encourage communities to cultivate wild and semi-wild fruits in the future. The major threat to the availability of wild and semi-wild fruits in the study area were tree felling and conversion of forest to agricultural land. The study recommended maintenance and enrichment planting of the most important species as plausible management interventions in addition to preserving the local knowledge and implementing conservation strategies. In total 128 plant species were found and also 89 % of the study participants reflected traditional medicine as the first line of treatment. The dominant ways of medicinal plant knowledge acquisition and transfer is vertical.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: For the grain-size, the fitting was performed on the distribution of the logarithm of the size, while for the water-gaps the fitting was performed on the gap size. The 3D visualization was done with the Amira software. 4. 1. 4 2D statistical analysis2D image preparationThe 2D slices obtained from the microCT reconstruction at different regular depths (0, 624, 1248 and 1872 µm) from the bottom of the cuvette, Fig. 1a) were first processed with ImageJ: the images were cropped in the center to avoid the border effects, they were binarized to get black and white masks and a Median filtering was applied for smoothing Fig. 1b. Circle fittingSubsequently, the images were analyzed by a custom-made program (Fig. 1c): erosion was applied to separate the grains from each other (settings: diamond shape and radius 9 pixels). Subsequently, the centroid function provided the center of each grain and the radius of a circle with equivalent area. Grain size statisticsThe radii of the circular fit were used for calculating the statistics of the slice (Fig. 1d). The percentage of sand was calculated as black pixels number over total number of pixel times 100. While the 3D analysis method estimates the smallest dimension of the grain and thus underestimated grain size, the 2D method slightly overestimates the biggest dimension of the grain (see Fig. 2g). 4. 2 Microfluidic channel4. 2. 1 Mask template preparationThe 2D microCT binarized and processed images (see section 4. 1. 4, Fig. 1b), and the binarized images (Fig. 1e) obtained from the circle fitting (see section 4. 1. 4, Fig. 1c) were adapted to avoid air bubble formation and to improve water perfusion, with water-gaps manually increased in critical points. These binary figures were used as a template to design the photomask in AutoCAD 2015 obtaining 1330 µm-wide microchannels Fig. 1f. 4. 2. 2 Master mould productionA high resolution chrome photomask was obtained from GmbH and was used to produce a master mould with 10 µm deep features. The master mould was fabricated by baking a silicon wafer at 200 °C for 20 min and allowing it to cool down to room temperature.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: conclude that different rotating work and sleep schedules can have outsize impacts on molecular clock oscillation that may vary between tissues. Overall, this is a well-designed and executed study with clear outcomes and interpretable results. I have several minor suggestions and comments that I believe will enhance the quality of the final manuscript. This study was only carried out in male mice, which goes against the NIH policy “Consideration of Sex as a in NIH-funded Research” (NOT-OD-15-102). should discuss this in their Limitations section, and how the outcomes may be different in females. 4, it is difficult to assess which oscillation characteristics are significantly different from control just by looking at the figure. I am aware that full statistics are available in Table 1, but it would be best if the Authors also figured out a way to represent, perhaps with a different shape (a star instead of a circle? ) which datapoints were significantly different in Figure 4. In the Discussion, the Authors mainly focus on the observed differences between short-term and long-term rotating shift work, which is indeed important. Equally important is the fact that many papers and groups use the jet lag protocol as a proxy for shift work, and the Authors demonstrate here that the outcomes of jet lag can be quite different from either short-term or long-term rotating shift work. This is a very important finding that should be addressed in the Discussion. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Molecular cancer biology, lung biology, immunology, circadian rhythms, metabolism I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. . For: The impact of shift-work light conditions on tissue-specific circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes: insights from a mouse model study [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: Ethnobotany study on wild edible plants used by the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng, southwest eeOpen access Published: 07 October 2024 Ethnobotany study on wild edible plants used by the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng, southwest Hubei, Hou1, Peiqing Huang1 & Zhen Yao1 Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 2024. A total of 252 informants were interviewed, from whom information about wild edible plants, including edible parts, food categories, consumption modes, and multiple uses was collected. The relative frequency of citation (RFC) and the cultural food significance index (CFSI) were calculated to identify the cultural importance of wild edible plants. ResultsA total of 163 species of wild edible plants consumed by the Tujia people in Laifeng, belonging to 64 families and 118 genera and related traditional knowledge were collected, including vegetables (78), fruits (52), wine-soaking plants (12), spices (11), food substitutes (9), tea substitutes (6), nuts (5), coagulants (2), and oil (1). The most frequently used families were Rosaceae, Asteraceae, and Poaceae, with 23, 10, and 10 species, respectively. The most commonly utilized plant parts were fruits, leaves, and stems. RFC and CFSI analyses identified 14 species of wild edible plants with high cultural importance in the local diet, such as Allium macrostemon, Houttuynia cordata, and Hovenia acerba. Conclusionsethnic group in Laifeng demonstrates extensive knowledge in their traditional usage of wild edible plants, offering unique and robust insights into the harvesting, processing, and consumption of these resources. Over time, this practice has become an integral part of the local food culture. These findings contribute to the preservation of the Tujia culture of wild edible plants in Laifeng and the conservation and development of wild edible plant resources. IntroductionWild edible plants (WEPs), which are non-artificially cultivated and domesticated, and can be harvested from their indigenous habitats, serve as food sources [1, 2]. WEPs can serve as either the primary food source or a dietary supplement for local residents, thereby ensuring their sustenance security and balanced diet, as well as functioning as a primary economic resource or supplement through their processing and commercialization [3,4,5].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: An SU-8 3010 (MicroChem Inc. ) thin film was then spin-coated onto the wafer to a height of 10 µm (spincoating parameters: 15 s at 500 rpm, followed by 30 s at 3,000 rpm), followed by a soft-bake (1 min at 65 °C, followed by 3 min at 95 °C, and 1 min at 65 °C), exposed for 5 s to UV light through the chrome mask with a mask aligner (Kloé UV-KUB 3) according to the manufacturer recommendations, and post-exposure bake (1 min at 65 °C, followed by 3 min at 95 °C, and 1 min at 65 °C). The wafers were then developed with mr-Dev 600 (microresist technologies). Prior to their use, the master molds were treated with 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane 97% (abcr) to reduce PDMS adhesion upon usage. 4. 2. 3 Microsystem fabricationThe microfluidic device was produced with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) via soft lithography. Briefly, PDMS elastomer monomer and curing agent (Sylgard 184, Dow Corning) were mixed in a ratio 10:1 and then degassed. The PDMS was casted onto the master mold to a height of 5 mm and was cured at 80 °C for 2 h. The inlets for the fluidic channel were then punched with a 1. 5 mm diameter biopsy punch (pmfmedical). The PDMS was bonded to a clean glass slide by plasma activation to finish the microfluidic system. 4. 3 Swimming in sediment-like obstacle channels4. 3. 1 Bacterial cultureMagnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1 was cultured in MSR-1 growth medium with the composition indicated by Heyen and Schüler [42], with the addition of pyruvate (27 mM) as carbon source instead of lactate. For the creation of an aerotactic band and the subsequent selection of swimming bacteria, the growth medium was supplemented with 0. 1% agar.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: F1000Research 2023, 12:762 ( The direct URL for this report is: This study was only carried out in male mice, which goes against the NIH policy “Consideration of Sex as a in NIH-funded Research” (NOT-OD-15-102). should discuss this in their Limitations section, and how the outcomes may be different in females. Authors' response: We thank the reviewer for highlighting this. We concur and have addressed the exclusive use of male mice in the limitations section, including potential differences in female outcomes. 2. 4, it is difficult to assess which oscillation characteristics are significantly different from control just by looking at the figure. I am aware that full statistics are available in Table 1, but it would be best if the Authors also figured out a way to represent, perhaps with a different shape (a star instead of a circle? ) which datapoints were significantly different in Figure 4. Authors' response: Great suggestion. We revised Figure 4 to visually highlight the significantly different datapoints. 3. In the Discussion, the Authors mainly focus on the observed differences between short-term and long-term rotating shift work, which is indeed important. Equally important is the fact that many papers and groups use the jet lag protocol as a proxy for shift work, and the Authors demonstrate here that the outcomes of jet lag can be quite different from either short-term or long-term rotating shift work. This is a very important finding that should be addressed in the Discussion. Authors' response: Thank you for highlighting this. We've updated our Discussion section to emphasize the differences between jet lag outcomes and the effects of both short-term and long-term rotating shift work. In “The impact of shift-work light conditions on tissue-specific circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes: insights from a mouse model study”, Koritala, Dakup, and colleagues explore the outcome of short- and long-term exposure to rotating shift work compared to normal conditions and jet lag in circadian rhythms of the skin and liver in mice. This aims to fill a knowledge gap where only short-term shift work experiments have been conducted on humans in laboratory settings, whereas human shift workers tend to engage in rotating shift work for many years. find that, in general, short-term shift work has a subtle effect on rhythmicity of molecular clock gene expression, particularly in the liver.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: Furthermore, WEPs could provide invaluable genetic reservoirs for the cultivation of novel crops and the identification of new germplasms [6, 7]. The practice of harvesting and consuming WEPs not only meets local dietary demands as a crucial element of a global sustenance strategy, but also aids in the preservation of local cultural traditions [8, 9]. In regard to WEPs, international research primarily focuses on countries and regions in Asia, Africa, and Europe [10,11,12]. Ethnobotanical surveys of WEPs in China have been undertaken among the Han [13], Tibetan [14, 15], Dulong [16], Yi [17], Naxi [18], Mongolian [19], and Gelao [20] ethnic groups. These studies both document the traditional knowledge of local consumption of wild plants and evaluate the importance and value of these WEPs in local culture using quantitative methods. Moreover, advanced modern food science and technology have been utilized in studying the nutritional composition of WEPs, establishing a new research direction in the ethnobotany of WEPs [21, 22]. ethnic group, descendants of the ancient Ba people, boasts a rich history and profound cultural heritage, primarily distributed in the border areas of central southern and southwestern China [23, 24]. Through enduring production, lifestyle, and social practices, the Tujia people have accumulated extensive traditional knowledge and experience in consuming WEPs. At present, research on the Tujia ethnic group mainly focuses on anthropology, sociology, language, art, architecture, and other aspects, and has conducted detailed studies on the Tujia ethnic group from various perspectives [25]. However, scant research has been conducted that integrates the relationship between Tujia culture and local environment and plant resources. people, having resided in the for generations, have long adapted to the mountainous environment, thereby forming a comprehensive set of traditional knowledge and agricultural practices associated with the utilization of wild edible plant resources. Therefore, it is necessary to study the Tujia ethnic group from the perspective of the mutual relationship between humans and plants [26]. Since its inception, ethnobotany has concentrated on the traditional knowledge and culture aspects of human botany, including their applications, to investigate the interrelationships between humans and plants [5, 27].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Briefly, 1 mL of bacteria was inoculated into the bottom of a 15 mL Hungate tube filled with 10 mL of MSR-1 growth medium with 0. 1% agar. The tube was sealed with a rubber cap pierced with a needle capped with a 0. 2 µm filter (Whatman) to allow the formation of an oxygen gradient. To select the North-seeking bacteria (i. e. swimming with the North of their magnet at their front in oxic conditions) in the formed band, the tube was put inside a pair of coils to apply a magnetic field parallel to the oxygen gradient, but pointing downwards to the anoxic region (equivalent to the situation that the bacteria experience in their natural habitat in the Northern Hemisphere). The bacteria were grown at 28 °C and allowed to form an aerotactic band. Once the band had formed, the motile bacteria were selected by aspirating the band with a needle and culturing them for two passes in standard MSR-1 growth medium and microaerobic conditions. Subsequently, the magnetic bacteria were collected with a needle by placing a magnet next to the tube to attract them. The final population of North-seeking bacteria was estimated to be about 80% of the population. In oxic conditions as the ones in our experiment (where oxygen can freely diffuse through the PDMS into the microchannel), these bacteria swim with the North of their magnet at their front. The optical density was measured at 565 nm (OD565) and was adjusted as needed with fresh growth medium for subsequent measurements. 4. 3. 2 Operation of the chipThe microfluidic system was filled with a syringe pump with MSR-1 standard growth medium at a flow rate of 15µL·min-1 and was incubated at room temperature for 30 min prior to its use. Subsequently, 25 µmL of MSR-1 standard growth medium containing bacteria at an OD565 of 0. 1 were placed in the inlet and the bacteria were allowed to swim into the microchannel, placed under a custom-designed magnetic microscope equipped with three pairs of Helmholtz coils [27]. Different magnetic fields intensities (B = 0, 50, 500 µT) were applied parallel to the microchannel length. Bacteria were imaged with a 10x objective using phase contrast microscopy. 4. 4 Model and simulations4. 4.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: In longer-term shift work and jet lag, the Cry genes were the most sensitive to disruption; however, long-term shift work and jet lag both dramatically affected the oscillatory characteristics of many circadian genes, often in a disparate fashion. conclude that different rotating work and sleep schedules can have outsize impacts on molecular clock oscillation that may vary between tissues. Overall, this is a well-designed and executed study with clear outcomes and interpretable results. I have several minor suggestions and comments that I believe will enhance the quality of the final manuscript. Authors' response: We appreciate the reviewer’s constructive and positive feedback on our manuscript. 1. This study was only carried out in male mice, which goes against the NIH policy “Consideration of Sex as a in NIH-funded Research” (NOT-OD-15-102). should discuss this in their Limitations section, and how the outcomes may be different in females. Authors' response: We thank the reviewer for highlighting this. We concur and have addressed the exclusive use of male mice in the limitations section, including potential differences in female outcomes. 2. 4, it is difficult to assess which oscillation characteristics are significantly different from control just by looking at the figure. I am aware that full statistics are available in Table 1, but it would be best if the Authors also figured out a way to represent, perhaps with a different shape (a star instead of a circle? ) which datapoints were significantly different in Figure 4. Authors' response: Great suggestion. We revised Figure 4 to visually highlight the significantly different datapoints. 3. In the Discussion, the Authors mainly focus on the observed differences between short-term and long-term rotating shift work, which is indeed important. Equally important is the fact that many papers and groups use the jet lag protocol as a proxy for shift work, and the Authors demonstrate here that the outcomes of jet lag can be quite different from either short-term or long-term rotating shift work. This is a very important finding that should be addressed in the Discussion. Authors' response: Thank you for highlighting this. We've updated our Discussion section to emphasize the differences between jet lag outcomes and the effects of both short-term and long-term rotating shift work.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: Nonetheless, contemporary research on the ethnobotany of the Tujia ethnic group largely centers on medicinal plants in western Hunan [28, 29] and southeastern Chongqing [30], with the majority of these studies honing in on the traditional knowledge of a specific type of plant, such as Akebia sp. [31] and Gesneriaceae [32]. Few reports exist on the knowledge of WEPs traditionally utilized by the Tujia ethnic group. provided an overview of the edible plants and cultural connotations of the Tujia ethnic group in the central China mountainous area [33]. There remains a pressing need to collate and examine extensive knowledge on the traditional utilization of Tujia plants. Situated in the Prefecture in southwestern Hubei Province, boasts a rich history. The original was founded here, making it as one of the earliest tusi (local hereditary tribal chieftains) settlements in the Tujia ethnic region. represents a typical settlement area for the Tujia ethnic group in the southwestern region of Hubei Province. As of the end of 2022, the Tujia ethnic group constitutes the most populous ethnic minority in Laifeng County. The extensive history of county development, distinctive geographical location, varied climate, rich natural resources, and self-sustained ethnic economy of Laifeng have fostered a unique Tujia ethnic culture, cultivating an array of exceptional traditional knowledge on WEPs utilization. Given this context, the present study adopts ethnobotanical methods to conduct a systematic investigation of the WEPs traditionally utilized by the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng, employing quantitative methods to identify and assess plants of high cultural significance. The significance of this study is multifold: (1) It aims to safeguard and perpetuate the traditional ecological knowledge of WEPs utilized by the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng while striving to record and conserve as much traditional ecological knowledge and related technology as possible. (2) It seeks to examine the relationship between the traditional culture of the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng and wild edible plant resources, explore WEPs with local Tujia characteristics, conserve and protect wild edible genetic resources, and offer firsthand data for the development of nascent edible plant resources.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: 1 Equations of MotionWe model a magnetotactic bacterium as an active Brownian sphere in two dimensions that has a permanent dipole moment µ = µ ê with the magnetic strength µ at the p0. The orientation of the p1. Table 1Model parameters and their values. 4. 4. 2 SimulationsWe solve the equations of motion in two dimensions by using overdamped Brownian dynamics (BD) simulations. The following reduced units were used: time where is the translational diffusion constant; position r* = r/σ; ε* = ε/kBT; field strength B* = B/B0, where B0 = 1 × 10−5 T is the order of magnitude of the magnetic field strength of the earth; dipole strength µ* = µB0/kBT. The dimensionless equations of motion were integrated for Nsteps = 5 × 106 time steps using the Euler-Maruyama method [46]with a time step Δt* = 2 × 10−5. We note that, with this choice of dimensionless units, the self-propulsion velocity is identical to the Péclet number. For simulations of swimming through obstacle channels, we use spherical obstacles with the same positions and diameters as the cylindrical pillars in our microfluidic channels. We simulated all 10 different obstacle arrays. In each case, we initiated 2000 bacteria at position x = 0 corresponding to the IN region and tracked their motion until they arrived at the end of the channel (with x ≥ 3495 µm) or until the maximal simulated time (of 30 min). For simulations of the escape from traps, traps with random parameters were constructed from two spherical obstacles as shown in Figure 7 (a) and (d). We simulated the escape of 100 bacteria from each trap to determine the escape time. 4. 4. 3 Sliding measurements and parameterization of obstacle interactions in the simulationsFigure 4 b) illustrates how we determined the sliding distance. The sliding distance is defined as the arc length (solid green arrow) that is covered by the center of mass trajectory (solid blue line) inside the sliding region (dotted green line). The sliding region was chosen to be slightly larger than the interaction region (orange dotted line), where FS > 0 and thus τS > 0. The sliding region was set to 2 µm, when measured from the obstacles’ surface.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Competing Interests: No conflicts of Report a concern Respond or 29 Aug 2023 of 29 Aug 2023 In “The impact of shift-work light conditions on tissue-specific circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes: insights from a mouse model study”, Koritala, Dakup, and colleagues explore the. . . Continue reading In “The impact of shift-work light conditions on tissue-specific circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes: insights from a mouse model study”, Koritala, Dakup, and colleagues explore the outcome of short- and long-term exposure to rotating shift work compared to normal conditions and jet lag in circadian rhythms of the skin and liver in mice. This aims to fill a knowledge gap where only short-term shift work experiments have been conducted on humans in laboratory settings, whereas human shift workers tend to engage in rotating shift work for many years. find that, in general, short-term shift work has a subtle effect on rhythmicity of molecular clock gene expression, particularly in the liver. In longer-term shift work and jet lag, the Cry genes were the most sensitive to disruption; however, long-term shift work and jet lag both dramatically affected the oscillatory characteristics of many circadian genes, often in a disparate fashion. conclude that different rotating work and sleep schedules can have outsize impacts on molecular clock oscillation that may vary between tissues. Overall, this is a well-designed and executed study with clear outcomes and interpretable results. I have several minor suggestions and comments that I believe will enhance the quality of the final manuscript. Authors' response: We appreciate the reviewer’s constructive and positive feedback on our manuscript. 1. This study was only carried out in male mice, which goes against the NIH policy “Consideration of Sex as a in NIH-funded Research” (NOT-OD-15-102). should discuss this in their Limitations section, and how the outcomes may be different in females. Authors' response: We thank the reviewer for highlighting this. We concur and have addressed the exclusive use of male mice in the limitations section, including potential differences in female outcomes. 2. 4, it is difficult to assess which oscillation characteristics are significantly different from control just by looking at the figure.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: (3) It promotes the inheritance and further development of the high-quality traditional culture related to biodiversity of the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng, thereby serving as a foundation for rural revitalization, biodiversity conservation, ecological civilization construction, and sustainable development. MethodsStudy sites(29°06′–29°41′ N, 109°01′–109°27′ E) is under the jurisdiction of Prefecture in Hubei Province. Situated in the southwest corner of Hubei, it borders Longshan in Hunan to the southeast, Youyang in Chongqing to the southwest, and Xianfeng and Xuan'en to the north. Positioned at the junction of Hubei, Hunan, and Chongqing, and is known as "crossing three provinces with one foot" [34]. governs 8 townships, including and Sanhu Township, with 184 villages and 12 communities. The climate of is characterized as a subtropical continental monsoon humid mountainous climate, with distinct four seasons, mild and humid conditions, ample rainfall, and simultaneous rain and heat. Furthermore, influenced by non-zonal factors such as topography and terrain, it exhibits a three-dimensional climate characteristic of diverse environments and significant vertical differences. The annual sunshine hours in are 4425. 8 h, with an average annual temperature of 15. 9 ℃ and an average annual precipitation of 1400 mm [35]. The superior climate and fertile soil conditions have created abundant and diverse biological resources in Laifeng County. has 706 species of high and low plants in 109 families, and 130 species of wild animal resources [36]. There are over a hundred unique resources in the county, and it is a favorable place for producing agricultural and specialty products as well as authentic Chinese medicinal herbs such as Zingiber officinale, Vernicia fordii, Morella rubra, and Atractylodes macrocephala. County as the research area, an ethnobotanical survey was carried out in villages with rich plant diversity and well-preserved traditional Tujia culture. Referring to the first to sixth batches of Chinese traditional villages, the first to third batches of Chinese ethnic minority characteristic villages, and the first to second batches of Chinese national forest villages, a total of 26 villages were identified as study sites (Fig. 1). Fig. 1Study site.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Skip to content Menu AGU. org to by AGU for dropdown menu Space & & & & dropdown menu ’ Highlights Editors’ Eos en Español Eos 简体中文版 to for: inHerky-of Earth’s Dented, erratic, and wandering, our field is constantly changing its mind. by 21 December 20203 November 2021 Share this:Click to print (Opens in new window)Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window)Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window) NASA; JohanSwanepoel/Depositphotos. com to the Herky-of Earth’s Habitability and the Evolution of ’s Ever-Do Uranus’s Subsurface Oceans? for Rates in Most people don’t know that Earth’s magnetic field has a weak spot the size of the continental hovering over and the southern Atlantic Ocean. We’re safe from any effects on the ground, but our satellites aren’t so lucky: When they zip through this magnetic anomaly, they are bombarded with radiation more intense than anywhere else in orbit. There is reason to believe that this dent in the magnetic field, called the Anomaly, is only getting bigger. This anomaly is far from the only unusual feature of Earth’s magnetic field. Hundreds of times in Earth’s history, our magnetic field has reversed, switching north and south in a planetary flip-flop. Earth’s magnetic keeps drifting too, stumbling around the Arctic in a chaotic dance. And scientists have detected pulses of Earth’s magnetic field—called geomagnetic jerks—that can undermine our navigation systems. Yet forecasting these changes remains a challenge. “Just like weather forecasts, you can’t predict the evolution of the core beyond a few decades,” said Julien Aubert, a researcher at the of Earth Physics. The magnetic field’s strength, measured in nanoteslas, drops precipitously at the Anomaly. Credit: ESA But scientists want to know how Earth’s magnetic field will change further into the future than that.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: I am aware that full statistics are available in Table 1, but it would be best if the Authors also figured out a way to represent, perhaps with a different shape (a star instead of a circle? ) which datapoints were significantly different in Figure 4. Authors' response: Great suggestion. We revised Figure 4 to visually highlight the significantly different datapoints. 3. In the Discussion, the Authors mainly focus on the observed differences between short-term and long-term rotating shift work, which is indeed important. Equally important is the fact that many papers and groups use the jet lag protocol as a proxy for shift work, and the Authors demonstrate here that the outcomes of jet lag can be quite different from either short-term or long-term rotating shift work. This is a very important finding that should be addressed in the Discussion. Authors' response: Thank you for highlighting this. We've updated our Discussion section to emphasize the differences between jet lag outcomes and the effects of both short-term and long-term rotating shift work. In “The impact of shift-work light conditions on tissue-specific circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes: insights from a mouse model study”, Koritala, Dakup, and colleagues explore the outcome of short- and long-term exposure to rotating shift work compared to normal conditions and jet lag in circadian rhythms of the skin and liver in mice. This aims to fill a knowledge gap where only short-term shift work experiments have been conducted on humans in laboratory settings, whereas human shift workers tend to engage in rotating shift work for many years. find that, in general, short-term shift work has a subtle effect on rhythmicity of molecular clock gene expression, particularly in the liver. In longer-term shift work and jet lag, the Cry genes were the most sensitive to disruption; however, long-term shift work and jet lag both dramatically affected the oscillatory characteristics of many circadian genes, often in a disparate fashion. conclude that different rotating work and sleep schedules can have outsize impacts on molecular clock oscillation that may vary between tissues. Overall, this is a well-designed and executed study with clear outcomes and interpretable results. I have several minor suggestions and comments that I believe will enhance the quality of the final manuscript. Authors' response: We appreciate the reviewer’s constructive and positive feedback on our manuscript. 1.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: a Location of study sites; b participatory observation; c semi-structured interviewsFull size imageLiterature researchBefore conducting ethnobotany surveys, consult literature materials (Flora of China, Flora of Hubei, Flora of Enshi, A of the Group), and use websites such as and Web of Science to search for domestic and foreign research papers using keywords such as Tujia, Tujia research progress, Tujia ethnobotany, Tujia, Tujia ethical group, and Tujia Ethnobotany. Understand the wild plant resources and related research progress of the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng through literature research. Field survey and data collectionEthnobotanical surveys were conducted in 26 selected villages from May 2023 to June 2024. Key informant interviews, semi-structured interviews, and participatory observation methods were used for the survey, while simple random sampling, snowball random sampling, and other methods were utilized to select information reporters in villages [37]. A total of 252 interviewees reported information, including 125 males and 127 females. The age range of the interviewees spans from 8 to 98 years old, with the majority aged between 40 and 79 years old. Mostly, the interviewees were uneducated, elderly, and economically disadvantaged individuals. The identity of the information reporter includes farmers, salary workers, and retailers, with the majority being farmers (Table 1). During the interviews, primary inquiries and records included local names, availability, edible parts, frequency of use, consumption modes, taste, medicine use, collection months, and multiple uses of WEPs [38, 39]. Table 1 Study site locations and demographic characteristics of respondentsFull size tableWe collected voucher specimens and took digital photos of the plants involved in the investigation, and labeled the specimens. In order to identify plants, the voucher specimens were studied and compared with reference books (Flora of China, Flora of Hubei, Flora of Enshi) and electronic online resources ( and All vascular plants are named according to Online ( and has identified all plant species. The voucher specimens are stored at the herbarium of the College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, in Jingzhou, Hubei Province.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Without a magnetic field, satellites could be lost, and tools that rely on careful magnetic models for navigation could go askew. The answers can’t come soon enough. The magnetic field protects Earth’s atmosphere from harmful radiation emitted from the Sun. Scientists are learning that the Sun is capable of emission events—solar flares—even more destructive than we ever thought possible, and understanding our magnetic field strength and variation is vital for knowing how at risk we could be from the next big solar storm. puppeteer that drives the magnetic field is Earth’s core, the superheated heart of our planet, which burns as hot as the surface of the Sun. In the core, molten metals are constantly in motion as hot buoyant plumes of lighter material rise outward. At the very center lies a small hardened inner core that has been growing as Earth cools. The mathematics of the geodynamo are so messy that did not believe it. This planetary anatomy sets the stage for an active magnetic field. The core’s constant need to cool itself, and thus convect, drives our planet’s electric generator. The generator produces a self-sustaining magnetic field through a process called the geodynamo. The mathematics of the geodynamo are so messy that did not believe the theory when one of its founders, Walter M. Elsasser, proposed it to him. The geodynamo works because the natural convection of the liquid core pushes metals through a weak existing magnetic field, exciting an electric current. Because of the relationship between electricity and magnetism, the current produces a second magnetic field, and the process repeats. This process has been self-sustaining for most of Earth’s history. Although the core sits thousands of kilometers beneath our feet, the magnetic field it produces stretches far into space, surrounding the planet like armor. But our planet’s armor isn’t perfect, and the results can be heartbreaking. This newsletter rocks. Get the most fascinating science news stories of the week in your inbox every Friday. Sign up now A Chink in Earth’s jerks travel along Earth’s magnetic field lines, shown here inside the core. Credit:CNRS On an early spring day in 2016, teams of engineers in Japan watched as their prized satellite spun out of control.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: This study was only carried out in male mice, which goes against the NIH policy “Consideration of Sex as a in NIH-funded Research” (NOT-OD-15-102). should discuss this in their Limitations section, and how the outcomes may be different in females. Authors' response: We thank the reviewer for highlighting this. We concur and have addressed the exclusive use of male mice in the limitations section, including potential differences in female outcomes. 2. 4, it is difficult to assess which oscillation characteristics are significantly different from control just by looking at the figure. I am aware that full statistics are available in Table 1, but it would be best if the Authors also figured out a way to represent, perhaps with a different shape (a star instead of a circle? ) which datapoints were significantly different in Figure 4. Authors' response: Great suggestion. We revised Figure 4 to visually highlight the significantly different datapoints. 3. In the Discussion, the Authors mainly focus on the observed differences between short-term and long-term rotating shift work, which is indeed important. Equally important is the fact that many papers and groups use the jet lag protocol as a proxy for shift work, and the Authors demonstrate here that the outcomes of jet lag can be quite different from either short-term or long-term rotating shift work. This is a very important finding that should be addressed in the Discussion. Authors' response: Thank you for highlighting this. We've updated our Discussion section to emphasize the differences between jet lag outcomes and the effects of both short-term and long-term rotating shift work. Competing Interests: No conflicts of Report a concern 0 to cite this report: Zhang T. For: The impact of shift-work light conditions on tissue-specific circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes: insights from a mouse model study [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations]. F1000Research 2023, 12:762 ( The direct URL for this report is: In this manuscript, Koritala et al. report that shift-work light affects the circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes in the liver and skin of mice. Although the authors have utilized multiple approaches to test their hypothesis, there remain areas where. . . Continue reading this manuscript, Koritala et al. report that shift-work light affects the circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes in the liver and skin of mice.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: The WEPs have also been categorized by their edible parts, yielding 16 categories including fruits, leaves, stems, aboveground parts, flowers, roots, seeds, rhizomes, the whole plant, etc. Fruits (68, 41. 7%) are the most commonly consumed edible parts, followed by leaves (40, 24. 5%) and stems (34, 20. 9%) (Fig. 2c). While the collection months may vary for different categories of WEPs, they are generally concentrated from March to October (Fig. 2d). ethnic group in Laifeng prefer to collect tender stems and leaves of wild plants as vegetables for consumption, predominantly gathering wild vegetables from March to May in spring. Wild fruits and nuts have more variety, with the greatest collection occurring in summer and autumn from July to October, during which mature fruits and seeds are more abundant. Owing to the diversity WEPs and dietary habits, various consumption modes are employed. There are 15 consumption modes for WEPs, including being eaten raw, stir-fried, boiled, stewing with meat, soaking in wine, used as spices, and cold and dressed with sauce, etc. Eaten raw is the most common method, with a total of 63 species, accounting for 38. 7%, followed by stir-fried (49) and boiled (31) (Fig. 2e). Classification of wild edible plantsBased on the diverse purpose of consumption, the WEPs can be categorized into 9 distinct groups: vegetables, fruits, wine-soaking plants, spices, food substitutes, tea substitutes, nuts, coagulants, and oil. Among these, wild vegetables (78) and wild fruits (52) constitute the majority, accounting for 79. 8% of the total species (Fig. 2f). This is followed by wine-soaking plants (12) and spices (11), as along with food substitutes (9), tea substitutes (6), nuts (5), and coagulants (2). Oil use is the least category, with only 1 species. Wild vegetablesA total of 78 types of wild vegetables are traditionally utilized by the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng, primarily cinsisting of leaves, stems, and aboveground parts. These are principally processed using methods such as stir-frying, boiling, and stewing with meat.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: The teams behind Hitomi, a satellite launched just 5 weeks earlier, had hoped the spacecraft would observe black holes, galaxy clusters, and other high-energy features. The satellite even had a prized X-ray calorimeter, a triumph of 3 decades of engineering. But a cascade of events that began with encountering the Anomaly seemed to spell doom for Hitomi. Passing through the anomaly, the onboard system that controlled the satellite’s orientation glitched while it was pivoting to observe a new star cluster. The maneuver kicked off a series of software errors that left Hitomi spinning madly. Before long, the satellite broke into 11 pieces. “It’s a scientific tragedy,” Richard Mushotzky, an astronomer at the University of Maryland in College Park, told Nature at the time. Other spacecraft have fallen prey to the Anomaly. The magnetic field intensity at the altitude of many satellites is half as strong in the anomaly compared with elsewhere, and the weak field does not repel radiation as effectively. The inner radiation belt, a doughnut-shaped disk of radiation around Earth that traps high-energy p1902. Dozens of jerks have happened since. The last jerk was in 2016, when it jostled the field and dramatically shifted the drift. The event was rather inconvenient because scientists had just issued a 5- year model of Earth’s magnetic field called the Model (WMM). The WMM team had to update the model ahead of schedule to avoid unacceptable navigational errors. Although the origin of jerks is a subject of active research, a recent study in by Aubert and at the of Denmark suggests that jerks may originate from the push and pull of forces in Earth’s interior (bit. ly/jerks-research). When a hot plume shoots up through the outer core, the delicate balance between planetary, rotational, and electromagnetic forces careens out of whack. The off-balance forces send a shudder along magnetic field lines in the form of waves. The next jerk may already be under way. A recent analysis by Huang and Duan predicted that the next event would occur in 2020 or 2021. If that’s the case, scientists may need to update magnetic maps on which industry and government activities rely. Companies drilling for oil and gas, for example, use fine-tuned magnetic models to dig boreholes.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: F1000Research 2023, 12:762 ( The direct URL for this report is: Describe in detail the process for collecting skin, which part of the skin tissue was collected? Authors' response: As per the suggestion of the reviewer, we have elaborated on the procedure of skin tissue collection within the '' section in our methods. 2. Is the selection of light intensity reasonable in the experiment? Multiple studies have shown that bright light can affect the circadian rhythm of activity, metabolism and clock gene expression (Bano-Otalora et al. , 20211; Alves-Simoes et al. , 20162; Fan et al. , 20223). Meanwhile, the light intensity also affects the impact of chronic jet-lag. Authors' response: Our study maintained similar light intensities across control and shift simulation groups to focus on shift impacts, thereby reducing potential variation from light intensity differences. However, recognizing the significance of light intensity on chronic jet-lag, we will consider incorporating this factor into future experimental designs, perhaps by comparing the effects of different light intensities on chronic jet-lag. 3. More information should be provided on Circadian rhythm analysis, especially the setting of parameters. Authors' response: In response to the reviewer’s suggestion, we have clarified our use of the standard parameters of the Circapackage (as per Parsons et al. , Bioinformatics, 2020, PMID: 31588519). This approach includes a fixed period of 24 hours. 4. Why use two housekeeping genes in the same tissue for clock gene relative quantification? Authors' response: Vandesompele et al. (Genome Biol. 2002, PMID: 12184808) showed that normalizing with the geometric mean of carefully chosen control genes improves qPCR accuracy. Using a single universal control gene is less effective due to variations across different cells or tissues. Moreover, fluctuations within standard housekeeping genes depending on the time of day have been recognized in studies (Kosir et al. , BMC Mol Biol. 2010; PMID: 20712867). Thus, the utilization of more than one housekeeping gene minimizes this variability. 5. The author should discuss why Cry genes are preferentially altered under three light conditions. Authors' response: In the discussion section of the revised manuscript, we covered the response of Cry genes to simulated shift conditions.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: The most frequently mentioned ones are Allium macrostemon, Houttuynia cordata, Pseudognaphalium affine, and Artemisia indica. A macrostemon is a wild vegetable universally consumed by households of the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng. It is typically served as a cold or pickled vegetable and can also be employed as a spice (Fig. 3a, b). A macrostemon is widely distributed in and is also cultivated in some Tujia courtyards as a supplement to Allium fistulosum, which is the principal spice. According to the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng, A macrostemon possesses a more potent aroma and certain medicinal properties, rendering it beneficial as a vegetable and spice. Fig. 3WEPs used as vegetables. a Allium macrostemon being dried; b Allium macrostemon and Pteridium revolutum being sold; c Houttuynia cordata; d Artemisia indica; e Pseudognaphalium affine; f indica and Pseudognaphalium affine cakes; g Artemisia lancea; h she Fan; i process Artemisia lanceaFull size imageHouttuynia cordata is a medicinal and edible plant deeply cherished by the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng. Every spring, as the temperature rises and new leaves sprout from the roots of H cordata, it is an optimal time to consume its tender roots and stems. Contrarily to the practice in Yunnan and Guizhou where the entire H cordata is consumed, the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng restrict their consumption to the tender roots and stems, served cold and dressed with sauce. The above ground parts are more commonly utilized as herbal medicine to treat colds. In the local market town of Laifeng in spring, it is common to see vendors selling washed or pickled H cordata roots (Fig. 3c). Pseudognaphalium affine and Artemisia indica are frequently used by the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng to prepare glutinous rice cakes (Fig. 3d–f).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: But not all jerks cause directional changes, so time will tell what the outcome will be. Jerks may illuminate the core’s thermal properties, a hotly debated topic that affects our ideas about everything from the age of the core to the onset of plate tectonics. It’s too soon to know whether a jerk is happening right now, however. Finlay, part of a group that publishes magnetic field models every 6 months, said it’s impossible to identify geomagnetic jerks until well after they’ve happened because researchers must look at the data over time. It would take about 2 years to know for sure, Finlay said. Regardless of whether the next event is upon us, geomagnetic jerks are one part of seeing the “elephant” of Earth’s magnetic field. Jerks may illuminate the core’s thermal properties, a hotly debated topic that affects our ideas about everything from the age of the core to the onset of plate tectonics. Solving the mystery of the jerk’s origin will remove a “stumbling block” of future magnetic field predictions, said Aubert, something we’ll sorely need to better understand our planet’s protective armor. does not mince words when it comes to apocalyptic scenarios and our magnetic field. An artist’s rendering shows a solar flare leaving the Sun and hurtling toward Earth. Credit: NASA In one grim scenario, a catastrophically massive solar flare envelops Earth and knocks out the ozone layer, exposing us to damaging ultraviolet radiation known to cause cancer. In the 6–12 months it would take to rebuild our ozone layer, we’d live like “nocturnal animals,” Airapetian said. “You’d have to go underground and go out during the nighttime,” said Airapetian, a NASA scientist at the Flight Center. “That’s the Hollywood-type scenario. ” Tales of our field catastrophically failing are part of the lore of working on Earth’s magnetic field. People always want to know, “When is the really, really bad stuff happening? ” said Aubert. Although the prevailing science suggests that these doomsday scenarios are possible, they are highly unlikely.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: In this manuscript, Koritala et al. report that shift-work light affects the circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes in the liver and skin of mice. Although the authors have utilized multiple approaches to test their hypothesis, there remain areas where the methods section should also provide detailed information. Please refer to the following comments for more details. 1. Describe in detail the process for collecting skin, which part of the skin tissue was collected? Authors' response: As per the suggestion of the reviewer, we have elaborated on the procedure of skin tissue collection within the '' section in our methods. 2. Is the selection of light intensity reasonable in the experiment? Multiple studies have shown that bright light can affect the circadian rhythm of activity, metabolism and clock gene expression (Bano-Otalora et al. , 20211; Alves-Simoes et al. , 20162; Fan et al. , 20223). Meanwhile, the light intensity also affects the impact of chronic jet-lag. Authors' response: Our study maintained similar light intensities across control and shift simulation groups to focus on shift impacts, thereby reducing potential variation from light intensity differences. However, recognizing the significance of light intensity on chronic jet-lag, we will consider incorporating this factor into future experimental designs, perhaps by comparing the effects of different light intensities on chronic jet-lag. 3. More information should be provided on Circadian rhythm analysis, especially the setting of parameters. Authors' response: In response to the reviewer’s suggestion, we have clarified our use of the standard parameters of the Circapackage (as per Parsons et al. , Bioinformatics, 2020, PMID: 31588519). This approach includes a fixed period of 24 hours. 4. Why use two housekeeping genes in the same tissue for clock gene relative quantification? Authors' response: Vandesompele et al. (Genome Biol. 2002, PMID: 12184808) showed that normalizing with the geometric mean of carefully chosen control genes improves qPCR accuracy. Using a single universal control gene is less effective due to variations across different cells or tissues. Moreover, fluctuations within standard housekeeping genes depending on the time of day have been recognized in studies (Kosir et al. , BMC Mol Biol. 2010; PMID: 20712867). Thus, the utilization of more than one housekeeping gene minimizes this variability. 5.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: and April, the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng gathers the tender stems and leaves of P affine and A indica, processes them to removes their bitterness through hammering, kneading, and washing, and then mixes them with glutinous rice flour to produce cakes. These cakes are filled with ingredients such as bacon, Allium macrostemon, Allium sativum, dried tofu, and peppers, and are covered with leaves of Citrus sinensis. Cakes sold in the market town are typically made by combining P affine and A indica. Using only P affine results in softer cakes that are less easy to shape, while using A indica alone gives the cakes a darker color. The perfect blend of P affine and A indica results in cakes with a harmonious balance of color, aroma, and taste. Apart from P affine and A indica, Artemisia lancea, also known as “bitter Artemisia” by locals, is often used to prepare Shefan, a meal made by steaming a mixture of A lancea and glutinous rice (Fig. 3g–i). Wild fruitsA total of 52 wild fruits are utilized for consumption by the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng, typically eaten raw or employed for fruit wine production. The most popular ones include Hovenia acerba, Rosa laevigata, and Rosa roxburghii f. normalis. H acerba is consumed in the form of mature fruit stalks. In addition to eat it raw, the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng also soaks it in wine, positing that the H acerba wine can alleviate weakness and cramps in the hands and feet (Fig. 4a). Studies have indicated that the extract from the stem of H acerba possesses robust antioxidant activity [45]. Fig. 4WEPs used as fruits. a Hovenia acerba wine; b Rosa laevigata wine; c Rosa roxburghii f. normalis wine; d Rosa laevigata; e Rosa roxburghii f. normalis; f Rubus corchorifolius; g Rubus coreanus; h Rubus setchuenensis; i galls on Camellia oleiferaFull size imageRosa laevigata and Rosa roxburghii f.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: manuscript Login RU Русский Русский manuscript Submit manuscript cite 1. Institute of : 10. 12737/stp-34201704 Pages: from 32 to 43 Status: Published Received: 29. 12. 2017 Accepted: 29. 12. 2017 Published: 29. 12. 2017 Subject area: UDK 52 Астрономия. Астрофизика. Исследование космического пространства. Геодезия UDK 55 Геология. Геологические и геофизические науки Language: English Keywords: synchrotron radio emission, relativistic electrons, radiation belt, dipole magnetic field Abstract and keywords Abstract (English): This paper presents the calculations of synchrotron radio emission intensity from belts with Gaussian space distribution of electron density across L-shells of a dipole magnetic field, and with Maxwell’s relativistic electron energy distribution. The results of these calculations come to a good agreement with measurements of the synchrotron emission intensity of the artificial radiation belt’s electrons during the Starfish nuclear test. We have obtained two-dimensional distributions of radio brightness in azimuth — zenith angle coordinates for an observer on Earth’s surface. The westside and eastside intensity maxima exceed several times the maximum level of emission in the meridian plane. We have also constructed two-dimensional distributions of the radio emission intensity in decibels related to the background galactic radio noise level. Isotropic fluxes of relativistic electrons (E ~ 1 MeV) should be more than 107 cm–2s–1 for the synchrotron emission intensity in the meridian plane to exceed the cosmic noise level by 0. 1 dB (riometer sensitivity threshold). Keywords: synchrotron radio emission, relativistic electrons, radiation belt, dipole magnetic field text (PDF): 1. Allen C. W.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: The author should discuss why Cry genes are preferentially altered under three light conditions. Authors' response: In the discussion section of the revised manuscript, we covered the response of Cry genes to simulated shift conditions. Competing Interests: No conflicts of Report a concern Respond or 29 Aug 2023 of 29 Aug 2023 In this manuscript, Koritala et al. report that shift-work light affects the circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes in the liver and skin of mice. Although the. . . Continue reading In this manuscript, Koritala et al. report that shift-work light affects the circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes in the liver and skin of mice. Although the authors have utilized multiple approaches to test their hypothesis, there remain areas where the methods section should also provide detailed information. Please refer to the following comments for more details. 1. Describe in detail the process for collecting skin, which part of the skin tissue was collected? Authors' response: As per the suggestion of the reviewer, we have elaborated on the procedure of skin tissue collection within the '' section in our methods. 2. Is the selection of light intensity reasonable in the experiment? Multiple studies have shown that bright light can affect the circadian rhythm of activity, metabolism and clock gene expression (Bano-Otalora et al. , 20211; Alves-Simoes et al. , 20162; Fan et al. , 20223). Meanwhile, the light intensity also affects the impact of chronic jet-lag. Authors' response: Our study maintained similar light intensities across control and shift simulation groups to focus on shift impacts, thereby reducing potential variation from light intensity differences. However, recognizing the significance of light intensity on chronic jet-lag, we will consider incorporating this factor into future experimental designs, perhaps by comparing the effects of different light intensities on chronic jet-lag. 3. More information should be provided on Circadian rhythm analysis, especially the setting of parameters. Authors' response: In response to the reviewer’s suggestion, we have clarified our use of the standard parameters of the Circapackage (as per Parsons et al. , Bioinformatics, 2020, PMID: 31588519). This approach includes a fixed period of 24 hours. 4. Why use two housekeeping genes in the same tissue for clock gene relative quantification? Authors' response: Vandesompele et al. (Genome Biol.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: normalis are colloquially referred to as “sugar jars” and “prickly fruit,” respectively. They are both shrubs of the Rosaceae family and can also be soaked in wine for consumption apart from being eaten raw (Fig. 4b–e). These two WEPs typically flourish near rivers and ditches. However, their populations have largely diminished due to the construction of production and living infrastructure, as well as resent environmental damage. Further, Rubus sp. are also cherished wild fruits of the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng. Rubus corchorifolius, R rosifolius, R coreanus, and R setchuenensis are frequently mentioned and highly favored for their taste (Fig. 4f–h). In the case of Camellia oleifera, galls derived from its fruits and leaves are consumed. During periods of food scarcity, these are also stir-fried to alleviate hunger (Fig. 4i). SpicesSpice plants, encompassing a total of 11 wild species, feature prominently in the diet of the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng. ethnic group in Laifeng favors the consumption of the unripe, tender fruits of Litsea mollis, harvested from May to July. Following harvesting, it is immersed in oil and vinegar and consumed as a spice (Fig. 5a-b). Certain varieties of spices are cultivated in homegardens for convenient harvesting and use. The leaves of Perilla frutescens and Perilla frutescens var. crispa are frequently used to cook fish to eliminate the fishy smell (Fig. 5c). The leaves of Acorus gramineus are employed for stewing meat to enhance its aroma (Fig. 5d). The fruits of Hedychium coronarium are used for stewing chicken, the flowers are used for crafting oil tea soup, and the rhizomes are stir-fried. Heptapleurum delavayi, colloquially termed “fermented soybean leaf,” is favored by housewives, but is not directly utilized as a spice (Fig. 5e). Rather, it serves as a bedding to augment the aroma of fermented soybean during its production. Fig. 5WEPs used as spices, food substitutes and tea substitute.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Astrofizicheskie velichiny [Astrophysical quantities]. Moscow: Mir Publ. , 1977. 448 p. (In Russian). English edition: Allen C. W. Astrophysical quantities. University of London. Press. 1973. 448 p. 2. Astronomicheskii kalendar. Postoyannaya chast. [Astronomical Calendar. Basic Part]. Moscow: Nauka Publ. , 1981. 704 p. (In Russian) 3. Borovsky J. E. , Cayton T. E. , Denton M. H. , Belian R. D. , Christensen R. A. , Ingraham J. C. The proton and electron radiation belts at geosynchronous orbit: Statistics and behavior during high-speed stream-driven storms. J. Geophys. Res. : Space Phys. 2016, vol. 121, 5488. 4. Chivers H. J. A. , Wells H. W. Observations of unusual radiofrequency noise emission and absorption at 80 Mc/s. J. Atmosph. Terr. Phys. 1959, vol. 17, 19. 5. Detrick D. L. , Rosenberg T. J. A phased-array radiowave imager for studies of cosmic noise absorption. Radio Sci. 1990, vol. 25, no. 4, 338. 6. Driatskii V. M. Priroda anomalnogo pogloshcheniya kosmicheskogo radioizlucheniya v nizhnei ionosfere vysokikh shirot [of Absorption in the of High Latitudes]. Leningrad: Gydrometeoizdat Publ. , 1974. 224 p. (In Russian). 7. Dyce R. B. , Horowitz S. Measurements of synchrotron radiation at central Pacific sites. J. Geophys. Res. 1963, vol. 68, no. 3, 721. DOI: 8. Dyce R. B. , Nakada M. R. On the possibility of detecting synchrotron radiation from electrons in the belts. J. Geophys. Res. 1959, vol. 64, no. 9, 1168. 9. Egan R. D. , Peterson A. M. Auroral noise at HF. J. Geophys. Res.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: 2002, PMID: 12184808) showed that normalizing with the geometric mean of carefully chosen control genes improves qPCR accuracy. Using a single universal control gene is less effective due to variations across different cells or tissues. Moreover, fluctuations within standard housekeeping genes depending on the time of day have been recognized in studies (Kosir et al. , BMC Mol Biol. 2010; PMID: 20712867). Thus, the utilization of more than one housekeeping gene minimizes this variability. 5. The author should discuss why Cry genes are preferentially altered under three light conditions. Authors' response: In the discussion section of the revised manuscript, we covered the response of Cry genes to simulated shift conditions. In this manuscript, Koritala et al. report that shift-work light affects the circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes in the liver and skin of mice. Although the authors have utilized multiple approaches to test their hypothesis, there remain areas where the methods section should also provide detailed information. Please refer to the following comments for more details. 1. Describe in detail the process for collecting skin, which part of the skin tissue was collected? Authors' response: As per the suggestion of the reviewer, we have elaborated on the procedure of skin tissue collection within the '' section in our methods. 2. Is the selection of light intensity reasonable in the experiment? Multiple studies have shown that bright light can affect the circadian rhythm of activity, metabolism and clock gene expression (Bano-Otalora et al. , 20211; Alves-Simoes et al. , 20162; Fan et al. , 20223). Meanwhile, the light intensity also affects the impact of chronic jet-lag. Authors' response: Our study maintained similar light intensities across control and shift simulation groups to focus on shift impacts, thereby reducing potential variation from light intensity differences. However, recognizing the significance of light intensity on chronic jet-lag, we will consider incorporating this factor into future experimental designs, perhaps by comparing the effects of different light intensities on chronic jet-lag. 3. More information should be provided on Circadian rhythm analysis, especially the setting of parameters. Authors' response: In response to the reviewer’s suggestion, we have clarified our use of the standard parameters of the Circapackage (as per Parsons et al. , Bioinformatics, 2020, PMID: 31588519).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: a Litsea mollis; b Litsea mollis oil; c Perilla frutescens; d Acorus gramineus; e Heptapleurum delavayi; f Amorphophallus konjac cakes; g Pteridium revolutum cake; h Nekemias grossedentata; i Nekemias grossedentata teaFull size imageFood substitutes and tea substitutesA total of 9 plant species serve as food substitutes, with Amorphophallus konjac and Pteridium revolutum being particularly favored by the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng. A konjac tofu, made from tubers, and P revolutum cake, derived from rhizomes, are commonly witnessed in the market town. Nevertheless, the powder production yield for both these plants is relatively low. Informants report that only approximately 3 kg of P revolutum cake can be produced from 50 kg of its rhizomes (Fig. 5f–g). Six types of tea substitutes exist, among which Nekemia grossedentata, colloquially referred to as “vine tea,” has emerged as a major industry in Laifeng County, exhibiting robust growth (Fig. 5h–i). ethnic group of Laifeng harvests the tender stems and leaves of wild N grossedentata in early spring, producing vine tea through the process of kneading, frying, and drying. Studies have indicated that tea brewed from N grossedentata is rich in diverse flavonoids, exhibiting antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties [46]. Multiple uses of wild edible plantsThe 124 species (76. 5%) of WEPs traditionally used by the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng hold not only edible value, but also serve multiple uses such as medicinal, ornamental, material, and fodder (Fig. 6). Of these, 70 species are primarily used for their medicinal purposes. For example, Polygonum sibiricum (Fig. 7a), Eleutherococcus nodiflorus, Aralia echinocaulis, and others are frequently mentioned as medicinal and edible plants for treating conditions like rheumatism, traumatic injury, and bone grafting.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: 1960, vol. 65, no. 11, p. 3830. 10. Ellyett C. D. Radio noise of auroral origin. J. Atmosph. Terr. Phys. 1969, vol. 31, 682. 11. Friedel R. H. W. , Reeves G. D. , Obara T. Relativistic electron dynamics in the inner magnetosphere - A review. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2002, vol. 64, no. 1, 72. 12. Eriksen G. , Harang L. Radio noise from the ionosphere on 225 MHz during a great ionosphere disturbance. Phys. Norveg. 1969, vol. 4, no. 1, 4. 13. Ginzburg V. L. , Syrovatsky S. I. Cosmic synchrotron radiation. Uspehi fizicheskikh nauk [Physics-Uspekhi (Adv. Phys. Sci. )] 1965, vol. 87, no. 1, 111. (In Russian). 14. Hess W. N. The artificial radiation belt made on July 9, 1962. J. Geophys. Res. 1963, vol. 68, no. 3, 683. DOI: 15. Korchak A. A. On the synchrotron radiation of charged p1006. (In Russian). 16. Kraus J. D. Radioastronomiya [Radio Astronomy]. Moscow: Publ. , 1973. 456 p. (In Russian). English edition: Kraus J. D. Radio Astronomy. McGraw-Company. New York, St. 1966. 17. Little C. G. , Leinbach H. Some measurements of high-latitude ionospheric absorption using extraterrestrial radio waves. Proc. IRE. 1958, vol. 46, no. 1, 348. 18. Ochs G. R. , Farley Jr. D. T. , Bowles K. L. , Bandyopadhay P. Observations of synchrotron radio noise at the magnetic equator following the high-altitude nuclear explosion of July 9, 1962. J. Geophys. Res. 1963, vol. 68, no. 3, 711. DOI: 19. Owens H.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: replyRespond to this report Responses (1) 29 Aug 2023 of “The impact of shift-work light conditions on tissue-specific circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes: insights from a mouse model study”, Koritala, Dakup, and colleagues explore the outcome of short- and long-term exposure to rotating shift work compared to normal conditions and jet lag in circadian rhythms of the skin and liver in mice. This aims to fill a knowledge gap where only short-term shift work experiments have been conducted on humans in laboratory settings, whereas human shift workers tend to engage in rotating shift work for many years. find that, in general, short-term shift work has a subtle effect on rhythmicity of molecular clock gene expression, particularly in the liver. In longer-term shift work and jet lag, the Cry genes were the most sensitive to disruption; however, long-term shift work and jet lag both dramatically affected the oscillatory characteristics of many circadian genes, often in a disparate fashion. conclude that different rotating work and sleep schedules can have outsize impacts on molecular clock oscillation that may vary between tissues. Overall, this is a well-designed and executed study with clear outcomes and interpretable results. I have several minor suggestions and comments that I believe will enhance the quality of the final manuscript. Authors' response: We appreciate the reviewer’s constructive and positive feedback on our manuscript. 1. This study was only carried out in male mice, which goes against the NIH policy “Consideration of Sex as a in NIH-funded Research” (NOT-OD-15-102). should discuss this in their Limitations section, and how the outcomes may be different in females. Authors' response: We thank the reviewer for highlighting this. We concur and have addressed the exclusive use of male mice in the limitations section, including potential differences in female outcomes. 2. 4, it is difficult to assess which oscillation characteristics are significantly different from control just by looking at the figure. I am aware that full statistics are available in Table 1, but it would be best if the Authors also figured out a way to represent, perhaps with a different shape (a star instead of a circle? ) which datapoints were significantly different in Figure 4. Authors' response: Great suggestion. We revised Figure 4 to visually highlight the significantly different datapoints. 3.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: Moreover, 23 species are regarded as tonics by the Tujia people in Laifeng, including Corallodicus cordatulus, Sceptridium ternatum, and Disporum longistylum, often used in meat stews for their medicinal properties (Fig. 7b–d). Fig. 6Multiple uses of wild edible plants used by the Tujia ethnic group in LaifengFull size imageFig. 7WEPs used for multiple uses. a Polygonatum sibiricum; b Corallodiscus cordatulus; c Sceptridium ternatum; d Disporum longistylum; e Caragana sinica; f Taxus wallichiana var. mairei; g Rhododendron simsii; h Phyllostachys edulis pipe; i Zongzi wrapped in Indocalamus tessellatusFull size imageIn addition, certain WEPs have also been introduced and planted as ornamental plants in the homegardens of the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng due to their ornamental value, such as Caragana sinica, Taxus wallichiana var. mairei, Rhododendron simsii, and Elaeagnus sp. (Fig. 7e–g). Castanea henryi, Castanopsis eyrei, and Castanopsis tibetana, which belong to the Fagaceae family, are commonly used as firewood and building materials. Musa basjoo, Cryptotaenia japonica, and are used as fodder for pigs and poultry. Bamboo is crafted into baskets, dustpans, pipes, among other production tools and everyday utensils (Fig. 7h). The leaves of Musa basjoo and Indocalamus tessellatus are used to wrap cake and Zongzi (Fig. 7i). In addition to making cake, Artemisia indica is also hung outside the door with Artemisia argyi during the Festival to ward off evil spirits, possessing cultural value. The roots of Rubus setchuenensis are employed in fabric dyeing. Quantitative evaluation of wild edible plantsThe RFC and CFSI were employed to evaluate the value and importance of WEPs among the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng. The results are shown in Table 2. The CFSI value ranges from 0.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: D. , Frank L. A. Electron omnidirectional intensity contours in the Earth`s outer radiation zone at the magnetic equator. J. Geophys. Res. 1968, vol. 73, no. 1, 208. DOI: 20. Pakholchik A. G. Radioastrofizika [Radio Astrophysics]. Moscow: Mir Publ. , 1973. 252 p. (In Russian). English Edition: Pacholczyk A. G. Radio Astrophysics. W. H. Freeman & Company. San Fracisco, 1970. 21. Peterson A. M. , Hower G. L. Synchrotron radiation from high-energy electrons. J. Geophys. Res. 1963, vol. 68, no. 3, 734. DOI: 22. Potapov A. S. Relativistic electrons of the outer radiation belt and methods of their forecast (review). Solar-Terr. Phys. 2017, vol. 3, no. 1, 72. 23. Romanova N. V. et al. Statistical correlation of the rate of failures on synchronous satellites with fluxes of energetic electrons and protons. Cosmic Res. 2005, vol. 43, no. 3, 185. 24. Savenko I. A. , Senchuro I. N. , Shavrin P. I. On maximal electron fluxes with E>1 MeV energy in the Earth’s outer radiation belt on 1958-1971. Kosmicheskiye issledovaniya [Cosmic Res. ]. 1979, vol. 17, no. 1, 145. (In Russian). 25. Thorne R. M. , Andreoli L. J. Polyarnaya verkhnyaya atmosfera [Atmosphere]. Moscow: Mir Publ. , 1983, 379. (In Russian). English Edition: Thorne R. M. , Andreoli L. J. Mechanism of the relativistic electron intensive precipitation. Exploration of the Atmosphere. Proc. of the NATO Adv. Study Inst. held at Lillehammer, Norway, May 5-16, 1980. Eds. C. S. Deer, J. A. Holtet. D. Reidel. Publ. Comp. Dordrecht - Boston - London, 1980. 26.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: In the Discussion, the Authors mainly focus on the observed differences between short-term and long-term rotating shift work, which is indeed important. Equally important is the fact that many papers and groups use the jet lag protocol as a proxy for shift work, and the Authors demonstrate here that the outcomes of jet lag can be quite different from either short-term or long-term rotating shift work. This is a very important finding that should be addressed in the Discussion. Authors' response: Thank you for highlighting this. We've updated our Discussion section to emphasize the differences between jet lag outcomes and the effects of both short-term and long-term rotating shift work. View more View less No conflicts of Interests reply a concern keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports 0 Views copyright © 2023 Zhang T. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 13 Jul 2023 | for Version 1 0 Views copyright © 2023 Zhang T. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses(1) Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the 1. Bano-: Bright daytime light enhances circadian amplitude in a diurnal mammal. . 2021; 118 (22). Pub| Text 2. Alves-: Effects of type of light on mouse circadian behaviour and stress levels. Lab Anim. 2016; 50 (1): 21-9 Pub| Text 3. : Light intensity alters the effects of light-induced circadian disruption on glucose and lipid metabolism in mice. Metab. 2022; 322 (1): E1-E9 Pub| competing interests were disclosed. circadian clock and metabolism I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. replyRespond to this report Responses (1) 29 Aug 2023 of this manuscript, Koritala et al. report that shift-work light affects the circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes in the liver and skin of mice.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: 05 to 6120. Referring to Pieroni’s research, the CFSI values were divided into 6 groups, namely very high significance (CFSI ≥ 300), high significance (100 < CFSI ≤ 299), medium significance (20 < CFSI ≤ 100), low significance (5 < CFSI ≤ 20), variable low significance (1 < CFSI ≤ 5), and negligible significance (CFSI ≤ 1) [39]. In the 6 groups, the majority of species are clustered in the 4 groups with variable low significance, low significance, medium significance, and negative significance, comprised of 42, 40, 30, and 22 species, respectively. Next are two groups, high significance and very high significance, with 15 and 14 species, respectively. A heat map analysis was performed on 59 species with high CFSI values in three groups: very high significance, high significance, and medium significance. The results are shown in Fig. 8. When comparing the top 59 species in the CFSI and RFC rankings, a total of 43 species are shared. RFC alone represents the frequency at which a certain species is mentioned by the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng, while the CFSI is a comprehensive score that includes not only the frequency mentioned, but also indices such as consumption method, consumption frequency, and consumption taste. For instance, Sceptrum ternatum, considered a tonic by the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng, boasts a good taste, but is relatively rare, with a CFSI of 37. 8, placing it within the medium significance. During periods of scarcity, Lactuca indica, Alternanthera philoxeroides, and Chenopodium album were frequently consumed as wild vegetables, yet with the enhancement of living standards, they are presently seldom consumed. Instead, they are utilized as fodder for pigs and poultry, and their CFSI is of negligible significance. Fig.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Trubnikov B. A. Radiation of plasma in magnetic field. nauk [Doklady Physics]. 1958, vol. 118, no. 5, 916. (In Russian). 27. J. A. , Frank L. A. , O’Brien B. J. Satellite observations of the artificial radiation belt of July 1962. J. Geophys. Res. 1963, vol. 68, no. 3, 627. DOI: 10. 1029/ JZ068i003p00619. 28. Vernov S. N. , Gorchakov E. V. , Kuznetsov S. N. et al. The p344. (In Russian). 29. Vesecky J. F. , Peterson A. M. Radio frequency synchrotron radiation from the belts. J. Geophys. Res. 1967, vol. 72, no. 5, 1650. 30. Yetes K. W. , Wielebinski R. Observational results of radio sky spectrum. Astrophys. J. 1967, vol. 149, 440. To cite Copy the formatted bibliographic link through the clipboard or go to one of the links to import into the 2017. no. 4. 43. DOI: (Date of access 06. 10. 2024). Klimenko V. V. Sky-distribution of intensity of synchrotron radio emission of relativistic electrons trapped in Earth’s magnetic field/ Solar-Terrestrial Physics. 2017. №. 4. 43. DOI: Online link Print link Klimenko V. V. "Sky-distribution of intensity of synchrotron radio emission of relativistic electrons trapped in Earth’s magnetic field" Solar-4 (2017): 32-43. DOI: (Date of access 06. 10. 2024). Klimenko V. V. "Sky-distribution of intensity of synchrotron radio emission of relativistic electrons trapped in Earth’s magnetic field" Solar-4 (2017): 32-43. DOI: Print. Online link Print link Klimenko V. V. (2017). Sky-distribution of intensity of synchrotron radio emission of relativistic electrons trapped in Earth’s magnetic field. Solar-Terrestrial Physics.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: The impact of shift-work light conditions on tissue-specific circadian. . . ALL Metrics - to cite this 10. 12688/f1000research. 136998. 3) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all 10. 12688/f1000research. 136998. 3) First published: 28 Jun 2023, 12:762 ( Latest published: 17 Aug 2023, 12:762 ( from Version 2 We addressed the exclusive use of male mice in the limitations section. Figure 4 has been refined to emphasize significant datapoints. Furthermore, the Discussion section now emphasizes the distinctions between outcomes of the jet lag and rotating shift conditions. We addressed the exclusive use of male mice in the limitations section. Figure 4 has been refined to emphasize significant datapoints. Furthermore, the Discussion section now emphasizes the distinctions between outcomes of the jet lag and rotating shift conditions. See the authors' detailed response to the review by Brian J. the authors' detailed response to the review by natural day-night cycle is the primary synchronizer of circadian rhythms in humans. 1 The advent of electricity has led to 24/7 work practices including night shift and rotating shift schedules, increasing nighttime light exposure in modern society. Unfortunately, these modern work habits have been associated with an elevated risk of various health conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, depression, diabetes, gastrointestinal problems, and metabolic syndrome. 2–5 The disruption of circadian rhythms, both at the physiological and behavioral level, contributes to these modern work habit-associated health conditions. The few studies investigating the impact of night shift on the molecular circadian rhythms in humans have revealed significant changes in the circadian transcriptome and metabolome within a one-week study duration. 6–8 However, in real-world scenarios, many shift workers experience prolonged exposure to rotating shifts that extend beyond a single week. Unfortunately, there is a lack of systematic research investigating the consequences of long-term exposure to shift-work light conditions on molecular circadian rhythms in humans. This absence may be attributed to logistical, financial, and facility constraints in setting up human sleep laboratories. Nonetheless, rodents can serve as valuable preliminary models for understanding the effects of different shift schedules or exposure to shift-work light conditions on molecular circadian rhythms, providing insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with shift-work related disorders.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: 8Heat map analysis of the top 59 CFSI of wild edible plants used by the Tujia ethnic group in LaifengFull size imageComparison of wild edible plants between Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng and other ethnic groups in different areasIn order to explore the differences in WEPs utilized by the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng and other ethnic groups in different areas, we conducted a Jaccard index between our study on the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng and data from five distinct ethnic groups and areas in China [17, 20, 47,48,49]. The results indicate that among the five selected areas, the Gelao ethnic group in northern Guizhou exhibits the highest similarity to our study area, with a JI of 0. 20, followed by the Gaowangjie area in Hunan and the in Hunan, with JI of 0. 19 and 0. 17, respectively. ethnic group in Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan, and the Zhuang ethnic group in Fangchenggang, Guangxi, demonstrate the lowest degrees of similarity with our study area, with only 0. 10 and 0. 09, respectively (Table 3). Table 3 Jaccard similarity index for wild edible plants between Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng and other ethnic groups in different areasFull size tableDiscussionThe traditional knowledge of WEPs of the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng is an important component of their dietary cultureThe conventional utilization of WEPs is prevalent among local communities globally; however, the traditional knowledge of WEPs varies distinctly across different cultures [50]. The traditional knowledge concerning the use of WEPs by the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng constitutes a significant component of their dietary culture, with the gathering and processing of WEPs serving as a tangible representation of their dietary practices. The conventional utilization of WEPs by the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng is extensive and varied. In total, 252 information reporters reported a total of 163 species of WEPs. In addition, different edible parts of 16 WEPs are processed into 9 different categories of food through 15 consumption modes. Simultaneously, the pre-consumption procedure of WEPs thoroughly epitomizes the traditional wisdom of the Tujia cuisine culture in Laifeng [51].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: 1 «Администрация сайта (далее — Администрация сайта, Оператор)» — ООО «Эдиторум», которое организуют и (или) осуществляет обработку персональных данных, а также определяет цели обработки персональных данных, состав персональных данных, подлежащих обработке, действия (операции), совершаемые с персональными данными. 1. 1.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: 9In laboratory settings, researchers can replicate shift-work-like light environments using rotating shift and jet-lag protocols in rodents. Several studies10–14 have employed these protocols in rodents to investigate the mechanisms underlying tumor development, metabolic disorders, and other health outcomes associated with shift work. These studies have indicated that exposure to shift-work or jet-lag light environments can promote tumor progression,10,12,15–18 glucose intolerance,19,20 obesity,19,21 genotoxic stress mediated cardiovascular toxicity,22 and radiodermatitis. 23 Although some research has shown abnormal activity/sleep rhythms in response to shift conditions,11 our understanding of how short- or long-term exposure to shift-work and chronic jet-lag conditions affects the mammalian core circadian oscillator, the canonical clock genes, remains limited. Rodents serve as a convenient model for studying tissue-specific circadian gene expression of these clock genes. Therefore, in this study, we utilized a well characterized circadian mouse model, C57BL/6J,24 to investigate the impact of short- or long-term exposure to rotating shifts and jet-lag conditions on the mammalian core oscillators in various tissues. The primary focus of our study was to examine the effects of shift-work-like light conditions on the liver and skin. We specifically chose the liver because it is widely recognized as the primary organ model for studying the circadian clock in peripheral tissues. 25 The liver plays a crucial role in carrying out various metabolic functions regulated by the circadian clock through transcriptional and posttranslational mechanisms. 26–28 On the other hand, although the skin is not as metabolically active as the liver, it serves as accessible window for understanding the body’s internal clock in humans. 29,30 Moreover, a study has shown that restricted feeding altered the phase and amplitude of clock genes in mouse skin, subsequently affecting the skin’s response to ultraviolet radiation exposure. 31 Given these factors, the liver and skin represent distinct metabolic tissue models with robust circadian clocks, offering valuable insights into circadian rhythm disturbances caused by shift work. Our study employed a comprehensive design that enabled us to investigate the tissue-specific disturbances in circadian rhythms resulting from simulated short- or long-term exposure to rotating shifts and chronic jet-lag conditions.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: The locals are well aware of the plants that require processing prior to consumption to eliminate their toxicity or unsuitable parts, in an effort to avoid a bitter or astringent taste and make the food more palatable. For instance, for all bamboo types, the local people blanch and soak freshly gathered tender stems before consumption, followed by either stir-frying or pickling. Through long-term production and lifestyle practices, the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng has developed a multitude of unique dietary cultures and habits. Many of these dietary practices preserve traditional knowledge associated with the utilization of WEPs, including oil tea soup preparation, Hezha creation, and Shefan production. people enjoy consuming oil tea soup. In some Tujia communities in Laifeng, oil tea soup is a traditional delicacy that is essential for every meal. Oil tea soup, a snack characterized by the qualities of both tea and soup, is initially fried in oil to emanate a fragrant aroma. Subsequently, it is boiled with water, and spices such as Allium sativum and Zingiber officinale are added. After being removed from the pot, stir-fried rice and other ingredients are added, rendering it edible. When preparing oil tea soup, the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng also adds flowers such as Caragana sinica and Hedychium coronarium as ingredients to enhance the aroma of the oil tea soup. Hezha, a soy product stewed with vegetables, constitutes a significant component of the Tujia ethnic group’s cuisine. When preparing Hezha, soybeans are ground into soybean milk, followed by adding water, boiling, integrating shredded vegetables, and boiling again [52]. Besides integrating cultivated vegetables, the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng occasionally utilizes wild vegetables, such as Aralia elata, as shredded vegetables for Hezha preparation. ethnic group in Laifeng observes a traditional festival, known as She Day, on the second day of the second lunar month. The preparation of Shefan symbolizes the social aspect of the Tujia population in Laifeng [53]. There are ingredients such as Artemisia lancea, glutinous rice, Allium sativum, Allium macrostemon, bacon, dried tofu, and others to steam Shefan. It is believed that consuming them and marking stands for praying for a prosperous year.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: 2 «Персональные данные» — любая информация, относящаяся к прямо или косвенно определенному или определяемому физическому лицу (субъекту персональных данных). 1. 1.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: After subjecting C57BL/6J mice to simulated shift-work light conditions, we measured the circadian gene expression of canonical clock genes (Arntl, Npas2, Per1, Per2, Per3, Cry1, Cry2, and Dbp) in liver and skin samples. The measurements were taken over a 24-hour period on the second day of constant darkness (Figure 1). Our findings indicate more pronounced disturbances in the canonical clock genes of the skin compared to the liver under simulated shift-work light conditions. Notably, long-term rotating shift work significantly impacted the expression of these canonical clock genes in both tissues. Based on our observations, it is evident that the skin clock is more vulnerable to the effects of shift-work light conditions when compared to the liver clock. Figure 1. Design of simulated shift-work light conditions for mice. Panels from left to right represent simulated light conditions of control (left), short- and long-term rotating shifts (middle), and chronic jet-lag (right). After exposure to simulated shift conditions of light (yellow) and dark (Gray), liver and skin samples were collected for 24 hours with four-hour intervals on the second day of constant dark condition. 0th time was defined as the onset of the light phase before the animals entered constant darkness for tissue collection. MethodsEthics statementThe mice utilized in this study were procured from Laboratory and housed in the Program of Resources (PLAR) of University - Spokane. To guarantee proper animal welfare, the guidelines set by the Care and (IACUC) were followed. Our program compiles with all regulations outlined in the NIH guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, encompassing procurement, conditioning and quarantine, housing, management, veterinary care, and carcass disposal. All efforts were made to ameliorate the suffering of the mice involved. There were no adverse events during the study and no humane endpoints were established. The animal experiments conducted in this study were approved by the IACUC under the protocol number: 6202 on March 27th, 2019. Study design and sample collectionThis investigation took place from May through September 2019. Healthy immunocompetent wild-type C57BL/6J male mice at 3 weeks of age were purchased from the (strain #: 000664). Mice were purchased to limit variability and maintain consistency in the genetic quality of the animals.

Output: corroborate