Input: Claim: Taking nootropics guarantees permanent cognitive improvement. [SEP] Text: Figure 3: Representative traces of synaptic events recorded in piriform cortex both of the control slices and slices treated with aODNs or sODNs. The change proportion of potentiated slices after treatment with ODNs and the NMDAR activity in normoxic and anoxic conditions Analyzing these FPs after treatment with ODNs and TBS we focused on the time point of 45 min corresponding to a phase of LTP maintenance (Figures 1,2), the peak of NMDA and AMPA amplitudes marked as vertical dotted lines). In control nontreated slices, TBS resulted in significant increase of the AMPA and amplitudes (Figure 3B). amplitude in the slices treated with sODNs has become still higher, while the amplitude of decreased (Figure 3C). We revealed that the slight increasing of latency of the maximal amplitude occurred in this time point possibly due to asynchronic activation of the AMPAR. The formation of the plateau between AMPA and NMDA components of FPs after TBS indicated that in these slices the permeability of AMPAR to Na+ ions was inhibited (Figure 3C). At the same time, the increase of the amplitude may be a result of the enhanced permeability of NMDAR to Ca2+ ions thereby prolonging the time of the LTP A: FPs in control- marked by grey line. AP LOT-total action potential of lateral olfactory tract of presynaptic events. Postsynaptic AMPA and NMDA components of FPs. The thin black line represents the trace of FPs under APV application (50 µM) through A-C. Each FP (for A-C) is the result of summation of the five consecutive responses on the orthodromic single LOT stimulation with frequency 0. 003 Hz. The dash horizontal line-isoline, vertical lines indicate the peak of an amplitudes measuring for AMPA and. Calibration (A-C) is as indicated. B: FPs in slices treated with sODNs under “cognitive load” - TBS, marked by grey line. Indications the same. C: FPs in slices treated with aODNs under “cognitive load” - TBS, marked by grey line. Taking together, these data convincingly pointed out the possibility of sODNs to act as cognitive enhancer.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The evolution of flowering plants had a significant impact on terrestrial ecosystems. [SEP] Text: Раннедевонские грибы из нижнего девона Райни (Шотландия) отнесены к родам ex Kidston et Lang [6], et al. [7], et al. [8]. Часть девонских сапротрофных грибов ещё ждёт описания и распределения по крупным таксономическим единицам. Такое разнообразие редуцентов-сапротрофов в раннем девоне указывает на вполне развитый растительный покров, существовавший на низменных участках суши, хотя, если исходить из данных геологической летописи, крупных растений ещё не было.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: BCIs face significant ethical and privacy concerns regarding access to neural data. [SEP] Text: Original PaperRachele Hendricks-Sturrup1,2,3, Lu2, MSc, PhD 1Duke-for 2Department of and 3Department of :Rachele Hendricks--for Health Policy1201 NW5th FloorWashington, DC, 20004United StatesPhone: 1 2026212800Email: rachele. hendricks. sturrup@duke. eduAbstractBackground: 2022 US decision to ban abortion care in Dobbs v Jackson Women’s sparked ominous debate about the privacy and safety of women and families of childbearing age with digital footprints who actively engage in family planning, including abortion and miscarriage care. Objective: To assess the perspectives of a subpopulation of research participants of childbearing age regarding the health-relatedness of their digital data, their concerns about the use and sharing of personal data online, and their concerns about donating data from various sources to researchers today or in the future. Methods: An 18-item electronic survey was developed using Qualtrics and administered to adults (aged ≥18 years) registered in the ResearchMatch database in April 2021. Individuals were invited to participate in the survey regardless of health status, race, gender, or any other mutable or immutable characteristics. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted using and manual queries (single layer, bottom-up topic modeling) and used to categorize illuminating quotes from free-text survey responses. Results: A total of 470 participants initiated the survey and 402 completed and submitted the survey (for an 86% completion rate). Nearly half the participants (189/402, 47%) self-reported to be persons of childbearing age (18 to 50 years). Most participants of childbearing age agreed or strongly agreed that social media data, email data, text message data, Google search history data, online purchase history data, electronic medical record data, fitness tracker and wearable data, credit card statement data, and genetic data are health-related. Most participants disagreed or strongly disagreed that music streaming data, Yelp review and rating data, ride-sharing history data, tax records and other income history data, voting history data, and geolocation data are health-related. Most (164/189, 87%) participants were concerned about fraud or abuse based on their personal information, online companies and websites sharing information with other parties without consent, and online companies and websites using information for purposes that are not explicitly stated in their privacy policies.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Taking nootropics guarantees permanent cognitive improvement. [SEP] Text: On the contrary aODNs decreased NMDA and amplitudes and promoted the induction of depressive potentiation. Phase of repolarization of AMPA component of FPs which reflected the outflow potassium current at that moment was found to be short (38. 0 % from the same of tetanized nontreated slices, U=9, n=11, p≤0. 05). Amplitude of reduced significantly (41. 0 % from the same of nontreated slices without TBS, U=10, n=11, p≤0. 05) (Figure 3C). The proportion of the slices with LTP after treatment with sODNs and aODNs under control (Cntr), oxygenated conditions and during 10 min anoxia. * p≤0. 05 (U-test of Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney). The TBS of LOT in control nontreated slices and in slices treated with sODNs induced NMDAR-dependent LTP in piriform cortex under normal oxygenation. In anoxic conditions (10 min) the irreversible blockade of the NMDAR activity in control nontreated slices took place (Figure 4). The treatment of slices with sODNs induced the significant changes in the NMDAR-dependent response to anoxia compared with control nontreated slices. Activity of NMDAR was unexpectedly protected even in conditions of severe anoxia. NMDAR activity were preserved within control values (75 % from control, p≥0. 05) (Figure 4). Treatment with sODNs increased the proportion of potentiated slices with the LTP form of plasticity (Figure 4). It is interesting, the aODNs treatment decreased proportion of the slices with LTP, possibly, due to development of the LTD in slices. It may be the result of the shift to the prevailing depressive form of plasticity involving the majority of synaptic transmissions. Figure 4: The effects of anoxia (10 min) on the NMDAR-dependent LTP in slices treated with sODNs and aODNs. is generally accepted that long-term synaptic changes such as synaptic plasticity and memory formation are associated with activation of glutamatergic synapses through the NMDAR-dependent ion channels [1,4-6,8,32-34].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The evolution of flowering plants had a significant impact on terrestrial ecosystems. [SEP] Text: Суммируя всё сказанное выше, можно кратко резюмировать следующие положения общепринятых представлений о колонизации суши растениями:кембрий, ордовик и ранний силур – растения произрастают в морской среде;поздний силур – растения переходят на сушу, скорее всего, в литоральной зоне;ранний девон – растения формируют первые наземные растительные сообщества. Против этих представлений возражал С. В. Мейен [2].

Output: pass


Input: Claim: BCIs face significant ethical and privacy concerns regarding access to neural data. [SEP] Text: Free-text survey responses showed that participants were concerned about data use beyond scope of consent; exclusion from health care and insurance; government and corporate mistrust; and data confidentiality, security, and discretion. Conclusions: Our findings in light of Dobbs and other related events indicate there are opportunities to educate research participants about the health-relatedness of their digital data. Developing strategies and best privacy practices for discretion regarding digital-footprint data related to family planning should be a priority for companies, researchers, families, and other stakeholders. J Res 2023;25:e41937doi:10. 2196/41937Keywordsprivacy; digital data; research; abortion; women's health; reproductive health; reproductive informatics; digital footprint; family planning Introduction2022 of the ruling on Dobbs v Jackson Women’s has been an alarming development for many, especially women and families who may experience miscarriage or seek abortion regardless of medical necessity. Digital data today come from a variety of sources, including but not limited to period-tracking apps, electronic health records, and fitness-tracking apps and wearables, that are loosely regulated with respect to personal data privacy and discretion. It is therefore concerning that powerful entities like state law enforcement and large companies may have potentially unfiltered access to sensitive data that are suggestive of female fertility or family planning decisions. Several sources have amplified these concerns, and the future is unknown regarding the personal safety and privacy of women and families of childbearing age with digital footprints who actively engage in family planning, including abortion and miscarriage care [1-6]. v Jackson US ruling effectively reversed the 1973 US ruling in Roe v Wade, 410 US 113, that conferred on women the right to decisional privacy around abortion and miscarriage care. Prior to and at the time of Roe v Wade, the proliferation and oversupply of data was neither imagined nor a reality, affording women and families of childbearing age perhaps greater informational privacy and discretion around abortion and miscarriage care. Yet today, in light of ample and largely ungoverned opportunities to acquire potentially identifiable data from a wide variety of sources (eg, public websites, data brokers, and mobile apps), law enforcement access to identifiable or reidentifiable data to target women and families of childbearing age is easier than ever before.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Taking nootropics guarantees permanent cognitive improvement. [SEP] Text: This activity depends on assembly, activation and modulation of the different subunits of NMDARs [35-37]. Our data have shown that the NMDARs and AMPAR-dependent long-term modification of synaptic plasticity readily developed in piriform cortex of slices after TBS. GluN1 subunit plays a main role in NMDAR functioning as an obligatory receptor subunit for receptor/channel function [1] and widely expresses in CNS [38-40]. It was shown that the rapid forms of NMDAR trafficking and the surface distribution of these receptors possibly regulated plasticity and modulate cognitive abilities [41-44]. We assumed that up- and down regulation of GluN1 subunit of these receptors may be involved in modification of synaptic plasticity in vitro. Indeed, when slices were treated with aODNs or sODNs the significant changes of the NMDARs and AMPAR-dependent LTP or LTD were determined. It should be point out that in slices treated with ODNs, without “synaptic loading” (low frequency, single impulse), which corresponded to a rest state of network, the baseline amplitude characteristics of FPs in slices were the same as in control, nontreated slices. It means that aODNs and sODNs did not changed neither excitability nor inhibition of synaptic network in olfactory slices. On the contrary, after exposure of slices to “cognitive load” (high frequency LOT tetanization), which corresponded to long-term synaptic alterations in slices, the LTP or LTD development were depended of the applied ODNs. Our findings showed that aODNs promoted both NMDAR- and AMPAR-dependent LTD development in slices. It should be noted, that the aODNs affected both NMDA and AMPA component of FPs. These data may indicate that aODNs reinforced the efficacy of the synaptic glutamatergic activity. Such readjustment of the receptor activity is an essential component for controlling the excitation/inhibition balance in long-term prosesses of learning in brain. The similar interaction of NMDAR and AMPAR activity was shown previously in the cortical slice preparation [45].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The evolution of flowering plants had a significant impact on terrestrial ecosystems. [SEP] Text: Согласно его гипотезе, высшие растения были сформированы в наземных условиях во внутренних областях континентов и лишь затем переселились ближе к побережью и в литоральную зону: «Почему бы не предположить, что заселение суши водорослями произошло в досилурийские времена, а преобразование водорослей в высшие растения происходило целиком в наземных условиях?

Output: pass


Input: Claim: BCIs face significant ethical and privacy concerns regarding access to neural data. [SEP] Text: Participants were asked to indicate their level of agreement with statements that indicated the health-relatedness of various data sources (Table 2). Most participants agreed or strongly agreed that social media data (eg, Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram), email data, text message data, Google search history data, online purchase history data, electronic medical record data, fitness tracker or wearable data, credit card statement data, and genetic data are health-related. Most participants disagreed or strongly disagreed that music streaming data, Yelp review and rating data, ride-sharing history data, tax records and other income history data, voting history data, and geolocation data are health-related. Participants were largely neutral about the health-relatedness of Snapchat data. Participants were asked to indicate whether they were concerned with 5 statements regarding the use and sharing of their personal data online (Table 3). Over 87% (164/189) of participants were concerned about fraud or abuse based on their personal information, online companies and websites sharing information with other parties without consent, and online companies and websites using information for purposes that are not explicitly stated in their privacy policies. Nearly 60% (111/189) of participants were concerned that information they share online with friends may be inappropriately disclosed by those friends to others. The lowest proportion of participants were concerned about people they know online not being who they say they are (87/189, 46%). Lastly, participants were asked to share their concerns (in free text) about donating their electronic data to researchers today or in the future. Illuminating quotes were captured from participants who expressed concern with every statement shown in Table 3 regarding the use and sharing of their personal data online (59/189, 31%; Textbox 1). Illuminating quotes were lightly edited to address typos, organized, and categorized along the following themes: data use beyond scope of consent; exclusion from health care and insurance; government and corporate mistrust; and data confidentiality, security, and discretion. Table 1. Survey participant education levels and age ranges (n=189).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Taking nootropics guarantees permanent cognitive improvement. [SEP] Text: The down-regulation of NMDAR activity by applied aODNs induced a reduction of the glutamatergic ionotropic receptor activity and corresponded to the data of protective action of these ODNs in hippocampal models in vitro [14,20] and in vivo [17-19]. Similar protective effect was revealed on brain slices in our study. So, under the aODNs treatment an inhibition of NMDAR and significant decrease of the AMPAR activity was registrated (Figure 3C). We may concluded that such down regulation of the NMDAR activity resulted in lowered effect that may have protective potential for the harmful hyperactivation of the ionotropic glutamate receptors. Our findings showed that treatment of slices with aODNs led to preservation of their receptor mechanisms in anoxic conditions (Figure 4). It is consistent with the current knowledge of their role in the prossess of learning. Our data showed that a transient down regulation of GluN1 subunit in some cases resulted in protective lowering of NMDAR activity. At the same time prolonged hypofunction of this activity may have a negative influence. In the GluN1 knock-out models for investigation in schizophrenia the hypothesis of cognitive dysfunction is connected the permanent hypofunction of the NMDAR [23-25,46]. It is interesting, that treatment of slices with sODNs directed to brief abundance of GluN1 subunit resulted in opposite effects. We showed that treatment of brain slices with sODNs significantly enhanced the NMDAR activity after “cognitive load” and promote the development both NMDAR- and AMPAR-dependent form of learning, as LTP. The amplitude of the NMDA component of FPs was almost equal to the same of the AMPA component (Figure 3C). It means that activity of these receptors are in the state of readiness for the favorable progression of learning. Indeed, the amplitudes of NMDA component and longitude of the potentiated state exceeded the control values. The AMPA component of FPs was activated in the phase of LTP initiation only. The state of LTP development was maintained due to the NMDAR activation. Thus, the treatment with sODNs induces enhancing effect on learning and possible on the forming of the memory traces. We supposed that such pharmacological processing resulted in improving of synaptic conductivity and eventually to facilitation of learning.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The evolution of flowering plants had a significant impact on terrestrial ecosystems. [SEP] Text: На какой-то стадии этого процесса водоросли обрели способность обтягивать свои споры прочными, химически устойчивыми оболочками. Это событие мы и отмечаем в геологической летописи, когда оболочки спор появляются в силурийских породах. К концу силура уже развились несомненные высшие растения и некоторые из них отправились жить в воду, причём совершенно необязательно "обратно" в воду» [2, с. 23].

Output: pass


Input: Claim: BCIs face significant ethical and privacy concerns regarding access to neural data. [SEP] Text: ”4 (2)3 (2)9 (5)24 (13)a149 (79)a“Yelp reviews and ratings contain health-related information. ”30 (16)a58 (31)a57 (30)41 (22)3 (2)“Ride-sharing history (Uber, Lyft, etc. ) contains health-related information. ”39 (21)a66 (35)a52 (28)27 (14)5 (3)“Fitness Tracker/Wearables history contains health-related information. ”3 (2)2 (1)15 (8)74 (39)a95 (50)a“Tax records and other income history contains health-related information. ”39 (21)a54 (29)a48 (25)40 (21)8 (4)“Credit card statements contain health-related information. ”32 (17)40 (21)39 (21)63 (33)a15 (8)a“Voting history contains health-related information. ”74 (39)a71 (38)a30 (16)12 (6)2 (1)“Geolocation (GPS from your phone or computer) data contains health-related information. ”27 (14)a42 (22)a54 (29)54 (29)12 (6)“Genetic data (23andMe, etc. ) contains health-related information. ”6 (3)10 (5)29 (15)70 (37)a74 (39)aaThese fields indicate highest proportions or skewed levels of agreement. Table 3. Respondents’ concerns about the use and sharing of their personal information online (n=189). StatementsRespondents, n (%)UnsureNoYes“share with friends online may be inappropriately disclosed by them to others. ”20 (11)58 (31)111 (59)“People who you only know from online are not who they say they are. ”52 (28)50 (26)87 (46)“Other internet users might try to defraud you or abuse your personal information. ”8 (4)17 (9)164 (87)“Online companies and websites might try and share your information to other parties without explicit consent.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Taking nootropics guarantees permanent cognitive improvement. [SEP] Text: These data are entirely consistent with contemporary view about the role of NMDARs in the processes of learning [12]. It is known, that inappropriate NMDAR activation is involved in the etiology of several diseases including acute strokes [47,48] and epilepsy [49]. We examined the role of up regulation of GluN1 in anoxic conditions too. It was established, that brain slices are very sensitive to insufficient oxygen supply in vitro [50]. Previously, we showed that severe 10 min anoxia induced irreversible blockade of NMDAR-mediated synaptic activity [51,52]. It is surprisingly, that the treatment of slices with ODNs promoted the preservation of activity of NMDAR in conditions of the acute oxygene deprivation of (Figure 4). The treatment of slices with sODNs led to cognitive-associated enhancing of LTP in the same conditions. Implications of GluN1 subunit in regulation of synaptic plasticity determined in our study demonstrate that sODNs may enhance non-associative form of the learning in piriform cortex acting as cognitive enhancer. This assumption possibly may be applicable even in case of damaging influence of severe anoxia. important pharmacological implications of the sODNs impact consisted in the positive influence on LTP development in the rat piriform cortex. Therefore, in practical implications a capability of sODNs to enhance the NMDAR-mediated synaptic plasticity should be taken into attention for coordination of the receptor activity as specific target in cure of cognitive processes in normal and certain pathological conditions as well as the protective ability of aODNs to suppress the excessive NMDAR activation. 496. Ref. :. Activity-dependent synaptic plasticity of NMDA receptors. J Physiol. 2010; 588: 93-99. Ref. : NMDA receptor subunits: function and pharmacology. Pharmacol. 2007; 7: 39-47. Ref. : Cull-. Role of distinct NMDA receptor subtypes at central synapses. SciSTKE. 2004; 255: 16. Ref. :. Rules of engagement for NMDA receptor subunits. PNAS. 2008; 105: 14163-14168. Ref. :. Arrangement of subunits in functional NMDA receptors. J Neurosci. 2010; 31: 11295-11304. Ref. : Rapid and transient learning-associated increase in 1 subunitin the rat hippocampus.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The evolution of flowering plants had a significant impact on terrestrial ecosystems. [SEP] Text: В увлажнённых субстратах могли присутствовать бактерии, одноклеточные водоросли и низшие грибы, на поверхности субстратов – лишайники. В современных пустынных экосистемах биомасса водорослей в бессточных плайевых котловинах достигает 500–600 кг на 1 га [9].

Output: pass


Input: Claim: BCIs face significant ethical and privacy concerns regarding access to neural data. [SEP] Text: ”5 (3)9 (5)175 (93)“Online companies and websites might use your information for purposes not explicitly stated in the privacy policy. ”9 (5)14 (7)166 (88)Illuminating quotes about donating electronic data to researchers from participants with concerns regarding the use and sharing of their personal information online. Data use beyond scope of consent“Biggest concern would be security of that donated data and being sure that it was being used as intended. ”“My only concern is using the data for things other than health related issues. ”Exclusion from health care and insurance“I worry it could be used to deny me health or life insurance. ”“Security of data, insurance coverage discrimination. ”Government and corporate mistrust“I would distrust my info being used by certain corporations. ”“Privacy and info being sold or given to untrustworthy sources or companies. ”“I don't think protections for data to be misused are strong enough in this country. ”“After military service, I do not trust anyone with my health information. ”“Data breaches or that the health data would be sold to corporations who would use that to market for me; that it would be collected by a government entity and used against me in any type of criminal or civil liability case. ”“Releasing data of any kind raises my risk of adverse events, from identity theft to targeted biological warfare. ”Data confidentiality, security, and discretion“. . . potential for abuse. . . potential to find children people have lost custody of, like contacting them on Facebook instead of proper channels. . . harder to evade stalkers, etc. ”“I’d like to keep my privacy. I’d feel really exposed. I’d have to know for sure that my data would be kept confidential and used for something good. ”“I would have concerns regarding researchers keeping my information private, especially information regarding vaccine history. ”“All of my concerns have to do with privacy. I would worry about how my information would be used and protected, and I would be especially sensitive about my genetic information. ”“I have concerns regarding medical mistreatment due to past inaccurate diagnoses, and I am concerned about my health information being sold to advertisers.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Taking nootropics guarantees permanent cognitive improvement. [SEP] Text: -19 PreprintsProtocolsVideosJournalsTools & a 10. 21203/rs. 3. rs-1317818/v2This work is licensed under a CC BY 4. 0 LicenseStatus:PostedVersion 2posted You are reading this latest preprint versionShow more versionsAbstractBackgroundThe clinical benefits of nootropics in the treatment of cognitive decline has been either limited or controversial. This study aimed to observe the effectiveness of cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI) and nootropics combination in the treatment of cognitive impairment in dementia. MethodsData were based on electronic medical records in a university health system. Patients with mild-to-moderate dementia and no history of prior cognitive enhancer use were included (n = 583). The subjects were categorized into the ChEI only group and the ChEI and nootropics combination group. The primary outcome measure was the change in cognitive function, as assessed by the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) from baseline to 300–400 days after the first ChEI prescription. Subsequent analyses were conducted in consideration of the dementia type, medical adherence, and type of nootropics. ResultsThe changes in MMSE scores from baseline to endpoint were not significantly different between the two groups. In Alzheimer’s dementia, the combination group showed significantly less deterioration in MMSE language subscale scores compared to the ChEI only group (F = 6. 86, p = 0. 009), and the difference was consistent in the highly adherent subjects (F = 10. 16, p = 0. 002). The choline alfoscerate and the ginkgo biloba extract subgroups in Alzheimer’s dementia showed more significant improvements in the MMSE language subscale scores compared to the other nootropics subgroup (F = 7. 04, p = 0. 001). ConclusionsThe present study showed that the effectiveness of ChEI and nootropics combination on cognition may appear differently according to the dementia type. It emphasizes the need for well-controlled studies to generalize the effectiveness of nootropics across various clinical settings. Cholinesterase inhibitorsNootropic agentsDementiaAlzheimer diseaseCognitive dysfunctionMental status and dementia testFiguresFigure 1BackgroundDementia is one of the most rapidly growing syndromes in aging societies, and it is also the leading cause of disability and caregiver dependency among older adults.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The evolution of flowering plants had a significant impact on terrestrial ecosystems. [SEP] Text: Думается, что первые примитивные наземные растительные сообщества, состоящие из бактерий, одноклеточных и нитчатых водорослей, а также грибов и лишайников, появились на Земле довольно рано. Безусловно, сообщества наземных и литоральных бактерий и водорослей уже существовали в позднем протерозое.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: BCIs face significant ethical and privacy concerns regarding access to neural data. [SEP] Text: ”“I realize all sorts of data is collected by many organizations. I generally attempt to avoid volunteering my health data, as it is extremely personal and identifiable. ”“Don’t trust researchers’ ability to keep data secure. Anyone with a cyber security education or training could easily steal research data. ”Textbox 1. Illuminating quotes about donating electronic data to researchers from participants with concerns regarding the use and sharing of their personal information online. DiscussionPrincipal FindingsThis is the first and only study to explore the perspectives of a subpopulation of research participants of childbearing age about the health-relatedness of their digital data and accompanying privacy concerns. As mentioned, this assessment is part of a larger study to explore the privacy-related experiences and perspectives of US adults and their willingness to share real-world digital data with researchers [24]. Our findings indicate, in light of Dobbs v Jackson and other related events [28], a need to not only understand these phenomena, but also determine strategies and opportunities to educate research participants about how seemingly non–health-related data can become contextually relevant to abortion and miscarriage care. For instance, a recent 56. 9%) of those receiving abortion care nationally, though abortion ratios were highest among adolescents aged ≤19 years. Given the relatively low proportion of participants aged ≤20 years who completed our survey and given that the largest proportion of individuals engaged in the survey were aged 21 to 40 years, it is possible that the concerns and perspectives herein do not reflect those of adolescent women, who are most vulnerable to a lack of safe and affordable access to family planning services. Our survey was developed on the basis of a recent systematic review and a survey study that both determined that age, income level, and education level were the strongest predictors of online or digital-footprint activity [44,45]. Thus, we collected these demographic variables in the survey but not sex, gender, or gender identity, as these variables were not suggested to be predictors of online or digital-footprint activity. Yet it should be noted that since the start of this survey, a more recent assessment of ResearchMatch participants has shown a large and growing number of participants (n=154,200) within the registry, with nearly 70% reporting as female and nearly 42% reporting as female parents. Thus, there is opportunity to explore the effect of gender on ResearchMatch participants’ views on the health-relatedness of their data.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Taking nootropics guarantees permanent cognitive improvement. [SEP] Text: Currently, more than 55 million people worldwide are affected by dementia, and nearly 10 million new patients are diagnosed with dementia every year [1]. Dementia leads to deterioration in multiple domains of cognitive function, including orientation, memory, language, attention, and visuospatial construction. To date, no curative drugs for dementia have been widely implemented in clinical practice, and most clinicians still consider cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) as the first line of pharmacological treatment for cognitive deficits in dementia [2, 3]. Nootropics, which were originally described as compounds with similar pharmacology to piracetam, are now generally accepted as any and all compounds that are expected to improve learning and memory in experimental and clinical paradigms [4]. In Korea, apart from the general over-the-counter supplements, there are certain nootropics that need prescriptions for use; among those most frequently prescribed are choline alfoscerate, ginkgo biloba extract, acetyl-L-carnitine, nicergoline, and oxiracetam. Many clinicians often prefer concomitant use of ChEIs with nootropics, based on fragmentary evidence that augmentation could have certain clinical benefits [5, 6]. In fact, the clinical benefits of nootropics in the treatment of cognitive decline are either limited or controversial, with some studies showing improvements in cognitive function with choline alfoscerate [7–9], ginkgo biloba extract [10, 11], acetyl-L-carnitine [6, 12], and nicergoline [13, 14], while other studies demonstrated no clinical benefits of such nootropics [15–18]. Although nootropics alone may not significantly improve cognitive function, nootropics in combination with ChEIs may enhance cholinergic neurotransmission, neurogenesis, and microperfusion in the frontal lobe, hippocampus, and striatum, ultimately delaying cognitive decline in dementia, especially in those with mild-to-moderate disease severity [19–21]. This study aimed to elucidate whether the concomitant use of nootropics with ChEIs is effective in the treatment of cognitive impairment in patients with dementia.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The evolution of flowering plants had a significant impact on terrestrial ecosystems. [SEP] Text: Возможно, в таксономическом составе этих сообществ в литоральной зоне присутствовали представители вендотенид, обладавших плотными покровами и трилетными спорами2 с прочной оболочкой [10]. Когда же в этих изначальных наземных сообществах появились первые высшие наземные растения? Сейчас имеется всё больше оснований считать, что это произошло не в силуре, а, по меньшей мере, в середине ордовика.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: BCIs face significant ethical and privacy concerns regarding access to neural data. [SEP] Text: Although our survey was conducted in April 2021, prior to the June 2022 US ruling in Dobbs v Jackson, ResearchMatch participants’ data privacy concerns may have been affected by COVID-19 and other major events that occurred during 2020 [23]. This is especially relevant given that recent studies show that individuals’ data privacy concerns were likely heightened during the COVID-19 pandemic, as privacy laws and regulations were relaxed to accommodate digital public health surveillance and remote health care [19,46]. Therefore, further research should explore how this recent US decision might impact female and female parent perspectives on the health-relatedness of their data and their concerns about donating data to researchers today or in the future. decision in Dobbs v Jackson has sharpened the focus on the ways in which populations perceive the health-relatedness of their data, on discretion around how data are used and processed, and on the organizations with whom data can be shared or disclosed. Recent uses of digital-footprint data to convict women in courts of law for engaging in abortion or undergoing certain types of miscarriage are both controversial and alarming. Therefore, it has become drastically important to understand the perspectives of health research participants of childbearing age regarding the health-relatedness of their digital-footprint data and their privacy concerns about sharing their digital-footprint data with researchers. After Dobbs, opportunities to educate research participants about the health-relatedness of their digital data are paramount. Determining strategies and privacy best practices for using digital-footprint data related to family planning with discretion should be a priority for companies, researchers, families, and other important stakeholders today and in the future. 07. URL: https://www. brookings. edu/blog/techtank/2022/07/07/how-comprehensive-privacy-legislation-can-guard-reproductive-privacy/ [accessed 2022-08-15] Zweifel-Keegan C. A view from DC: Reflections on federal privacy legislation, the Dobbs ruling, FTC rulemaking and more. of Privacy Professionals. 2022 Jul 01. URL: https://iapp.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Taking nootropics guarantees permanent cognitive improvement. [SEP] Text: We hypothesized that dementia patients treated with both ChEIs and nootropics would show less deterioration in cognitive function as assessed by mini-mental state examination (MMSE) over a 1-year follow-up period compared to dementia patients treated with ChEIs only. We further hypothesized that this trend would be more evident in the neurodegenerative forms of dementia, particularly Alzheimer’s dementia. population The present study aimed to observe the effectiveness of the concomitant administration of nootropics with ChEIs for the treatment of cognitive deficits in patients with dementia. Data were collected and extracted via the clinical data warehouse of a university health system consisting of three general hospitals with 4,050 beds in total. Patients with any diagnosis of dementia, defined according to the Classification of Disease and Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) diagnostic codes F00, F01, F02, F03, F10. 7, G23. 1, G30, G31. 0, G31. 1, and G31. 8, between the ages of 60 and 89 years were selected. We extracted all diagnostic codes of the patients regardless of whether they were the main or sub-diagnoses. After screening the entire prescription histories registered on the clinical data warehouse, which was over 7 years of record, only the patients who had their first ChEI prescription between 2012 and 2015 were included in the study. Subjects were further narrowed down to only those with mild-to-moderate dementia, as defined by their baseline MMSE total scores from 10 to 26 (n = 583) (Fig. 1). Subjects were categorized into the ChEI only group (n = 410) and the ChEI and nootropics combination group (n = 173). Subjects in the ChEI and nootropics combination group were prescribed at least one of the following nootropics during the follow-up period: choline alfoscerate, ginkgo biloba extract, acetyl-L-carnitine, nicergoline, and oxiracetam. MMSE total scores and its six-subscale scores (orientation, immediate recall, attention and calculation, delayed recall, language, and visuospatial construction) were collected at the baseline (within 30 days of the first ChEI prescription of ChEI) and at the endpoint (300–400 days after the first ChEI prescription), respectively.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The evolution of flowering plants had a significant impact on terrestrial ecosystems. [SEP] Text: Одна из работ, посвящённая описанию предположительно высшего растения ордовикского возраста Boiophyton pragense Obrhel, была опубликована И. Обргелом [11]. Внешне бойофитон действительно очень схож с травянистыми плауновидными с мелкими игловидными микрофиллами. Однако позднее был выражен определённый скепсис в отношении правильности отнесения бойофитона к растениям. Согласно альтернативной точке зрения, бойофитон и сходные с ним остатки принадлежали дендроидным граптолитам [12].

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Biophilic architecture incorporates natural elements into building designs to promote well-being. [SEP] Text: -19 PreprintsProtocolsVideosJournalsTools & a 10. 21203/rs. 3. rs-4402600/v1This work is licensed under a CC BY 4. 0 LicenseStatus:PostedVersion 1posted You are reading this latest preprint versionAbstractThis paper investigates the relationship between certified green buildings and biophilic design principles, aiming to assess how biophilic design aligns with (GBRTs). To achieve this, three widely used GBRTs (and LBC) are compared to the which has best adopted biophilic design patterns. The research team conducted a thorough review of available crosswalks and alignment documents, using WELL as a benchmark against the other three GBRTs. They identified overlapping equivalency levels of the seven concepts of WELL and their related 100 features, assigning weighted scores accordingly. The findings reveal both opportunities and challenges in the alignment between WELL and other GBRTs. While partial equivalency is possible, achieving full compliance is unlikely due to the extensive scientific basis of WELL features requiring further testing and analysis. LEED stands out with the largest share of equivalent features, covering 59% of the total, indicating full compliance, while scored 36% for equivalent features. However, LBC performed differently, with only 8% of features deemed equivalent due to its reliance on actual performance rather than prescriptive measures observed in LEED and. This 61. the population continues to urbanize, humans’ disconnection with nature augments, leading to a negative impact on mental and physical health. Life with and after Covid-19 provides an opportunity for re-evaluation and re-shaping of the built environment. New insights about human, nature and built environment relationships can promote health and wellness —crucially needed than it has been before. (GBRTs) have grown in popularity in the last few decades, attracting both the building industry and construction interest in sustainability. These tools, though effective in minimizing the environmental impacts of buildings, show disparities in their use, particularly to recognize the health and well-being of the occupants. incorporates “biophilia” into green building rating tools. Biophilia —love of life and living systems—is a concept introduced in the 1980s by Edward O. Wilson avowing that humans have an innate connection with nature. uses this holistic approach to improve spaces where we live and work to promote health and wellness [1], [2].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Taking nootropics guarantees permanent cognitive improvement. [SEP] Text: Baseline data on age, sex, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), education, alcohol use, tobacco use, concomitant psychiatric medications, and comorbid diagnoses were collected during the study period. Subjects were categorized by the type of dementia according to their main diagnosis in the highest order: Alzheimer’s dementia (n = 447), vascular dementia (n = 80), and other dementia (n = 56). For subgroup analysis, the ChEI and nootropics combination group of the Alzheimer’s dementia patients were further classified as follows: choline alfoscerate group (n = 74), ginkgo biloba extract group (n = 39), and other nootropics group (n = 21). This research protocol was exempt from an ethics review and informed consent was waived by the Board of Hospital (9-2020-0108). This study adhered to the doctrine of the Declaration of Helsinki for Biomedical Research. main outcome measure was the change in cognitive function from baseline to endpoint, as assessed by the MMSE total score and its six subscale scores. Since the primary analysis did not differentiate the dementia type, subsequent analysis was conducted by comparing the changes in cognitive function between the ChEI only and ChEI and nootropics combination groups for each type of dementia separately. Further analysis was conducted in consideration of adherence to ChEI and nootropics. We defined the proportion of days covered (PDC = [Number of days in period "covered" by prescription]*100/[Number of days in period]) ≥ 0. 7 to be highly adherent, based on previous studies on adherence [22]. In the subgroup analysis, MMSE score changes were analyzed among the subgroups (i. e. , choline alfoscerate vs. ginkgo biloba extract vs. other nootropics) to observe the effectiveness of each nootropic type. Statistical analysis Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics between the two groups were compared by independent t-test for continuous variables and χ2 test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. Two-sample t-tests were utilized to compare the two treatment groups at baseline and endpoint, as well as the change from baseline to endpoint.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The evolution of flowering plants had a significant impact on terrestrial ecosystems. [SEP] Text: Помимо бойофитона, И. Обргел описал ещё одно предполагаемое высшее растение из среднеордовикских отложений Чехии, которое было им отнесено к новым виду и роду Krejciella putzkeri Obrhel [13]. Крейчиелла была отнесена к плауновидным со знаком вопроса. Принадлежность этих остатков к граптолитам заведомо исключена. Внешне Krejciella putzkeri в самом деле проявляет сходство с декортицированным (лишённым кортекса, то есть коры) побегом плауновидного.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Biophilic architecture incorporates natural elements into building designs to promote well-being. [SEP] Text: WELL features parallel either directly or indirectly with the 14 Patterns of [3], [4]. In this study, LEED v4 ND+C and for new construction, and LBC 3. 1 were compared to WELL v1 in terms of their contributions to building occupant health and well-being. The aim is to provide leading guidelines to shift the GBRTs towards a more human-centred biophilic approach. It is noteworthy that the literature review is dispersed across different sections of the paper, reflecting the uniqueness of our materials and the interdisciplinary nature of the study. This approach allows for a more comprehensive exploration of the topic and facilitates the integration of diverse perspectives into the analysis. 2. aim of this paper was twofold: (a) find out whether certified are also Biophilic, hence they benefit and promote occupants’ health and wellness. (b) assessing the alignment between WELL featuring biophilic design patterns and the three well-known GBRTs (i. e. , and LBC) to reshape the future built environment. We used the data secured from the official technical manuals and homepages of the certification organizations. We analysed the GBRTs’ attributes linked to indoor environmental quality and conducted a thorough review of a series of crosswalks and alignments documents. These newly released documents are intended to identify synergies between WELL and other green-related building standards. These documents streamline efforts for projects pursuing a dual rating by identifying areas where the criteria are considered equivalent and aligned with credits of the appropriate rating tool. The review process for the crosswalks guides included several steps. First, we interpreted the descriptions provided for each level of equivalency or overlap among the rating systems. Then, we assigned weights to each level of equivalency fulfilled. These weights ranged from one to three, with one representing a low level of equivalency and three representing a high level of equivalency. The weighted scores were summed to obtain the overall score of each level of overlap/equivalency in each GRBT with WELL building standard as well as the degree of achievements of alignments for each of the seven (7) concepts of WELL. The study ended by deriving conclusions on the level of compliance of the selected GBRTs and the correlations among them. The most recent edition of the WELL Standard (WELL v2) was released in 2020, however not all the documentation was fully ready.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Taking nootropics guarantees permanent cognitive improvement. [SEP] Text: There was no difference in the distribution of the type of ChEI prescribed between the two groups (p = 0. 446 for donepezil, p = 0. 334 for rivastigmine, p = 0. 092 for galantamine) (1). Change in cognitive function: ChEI only vs. ChEI and nootropics combination group (Table 2 inserted here) Results for the primary outcome measure are shown in Table 2. Two-sample t-tests at baseline and endpoint showed no difference between the two groups in terms of the MMSE total score and any of its six subscale scores. A linear mixed-effects model analysis with the MMSE total score as the dependent variable also revealed no significant treatment-by-time interaction (F = 1. 48, df = 1,581, p = 0. 224). None of the six-subscale scores showed any significant treatment-by-time interaction as well, albeit the change in language subscale score showed a trend of less deterioration in the nootropics combination group than in the ChEI only group (-0. 27 for the ChEI only group and − 0. 03 for the ChEI and nootropics combination group; F = 3. 43, df = 1,581, p = 0. 065). Change in cognitive function for each type of dementia: Alzheimer’s dementia, vascular dementia, and other dementia (Table 3 inserted here) Comparison of the change in cognitive function for each of the three types of dementia is shown in Table 3. Linear mixed-effects model analyses using the MMSE total score as the dependent variable revealed no significant treatment-by-time interaction in all three types of dementia (F = 2. 10, p = 0. 148 for Alzheimer’s dementia, F = 0. 38, p = 0. 540 for vascular dementia, F = 0. 04, p = 0. 906 for other dementia). Within the subjects diagnosed with Alzheimer’s dementia, the ChEI and nootropics combination group showed a significantly less deterioration in the MMSE language subscale score compared to the ChEI only group, revealing a significant treatment-by-time interaction (-0. 34 for the ChEI only group and 0. 04 for the ChEI and nootropics combination group; F = 6. 86, p = 0.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The evolution of flowering plants had a significant impact on terrestrial ecosystems. [SEP] Text: Достаточно убедительная находка растительных остатков, разделённых на ткани, с элементами проводящей системы была сделана в ордовикских отложениях Центральной Европы [14]. Они были отнесены к двум разным родам –et Greguss и et Greguss. В верхнеордовикских отложениях формации Юниата (Juniata Fm, Пенсильвания, США) обнаружены палеопочвы с педогенными карбонатами, явно освоенные почвенной инфауной [15].

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Biophilic architecture incorporates natural elements into building designs to promote well-being. [SEP] Text: Therefore, the researchers used WELL v1 to gain insights into existing/available procedures. Data collection was based on identifying and describing the GBRTs that meet the research purpose. Then, thoroughly reviewing all available series of crosswalks and alignments documents. In this post-stage, WELL was benchmarking the other three GBRTs because WELL is paralleling the 14 patterns of biophilic design [3], [4]. Hence, it aims at creating optimal conditions for health and productivity and enhancing human potential. 3. present study focuses on the GBRTs that meet the following criteria: (a) worldwide well-known rating tool that focuses on assessing the environmental performance of buildings; (b) adopted by numerous certified projects; (c) prompt a significant academic interest; and (d) secure a considerable development date that permits interpreting the scheme’s structure and content. The GBRTs that meet all the previous four criteria are described in the following subsections and considered in the ensuing analyses. The characteristics of the selected GRBTs are summarized in 1. 3. 1 (), introduced in 1990, was the pioneering global (GBRT) designed to evaluate a building's environmental impact [5]. Widely utilized in the UK, it is recognized in the industry for its practical approach to environmental design, management, and performance assessment [6]. aims to minimize environmental impact, encourage best practices in design and operation, and enhance awareness of the environmental effects of buildings[7], [8]. This holistic sustainability assessment scheme provides an overall performance rating by evaluating ten categories: Management, Health & & Ecology, Pollution, and Innovation. Performance is measured against established benchmarks, and credits earned in each category are weighted and proportionally assigned to derive an overall score (Sev, 2011; Taylor & Ward, 2016). Certificates are valid for one year, and facilitates ongoing monitoring, reporting, and improvement through cyclical evaluation and recertification [7]. 3. 2 in Energy and (LEED) certification, developed by the Council (USGBC), ensures cost savings in energy, reduced carbon emissions, and improved environmental quality for various settings. [11], [12]. It has evolved since its inception in 1998, expanding to encompass existing buildings and neighbourhoods.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Taking nootropics guarantees permanent cognitive improvement. [SEP] Text: 009), while in the vascular dementia subjects, the ChEI and nootropics combination group showed a significantly less deterioration in the MMSE attention and calculation subscale score compared to the ChEI only group, with a significant treatment-by-time interaction (-0. 59 for the ChEI only group and 0. 06 for the ChEI and nootropics combination group; F = 4. 44, p = 0. 038). None of the six-subscale scores showed any significant treatment-by-time interaction in the other dementia patients. (Table 4 inserted here) For highly-adherent Alzheimer’s dementia patients, the MMSE language subscale score consistently revealed a significant treatment-by-time interaction, showing favorable results for the ChEI and nootropics combination group (-0. 38 for the ChEI only group and 0. 12 for the ChEI and nootropics combination group; F = 10. 16, p = 0. 002) (Table 4). Apart from the language subscale score, a linear mixed-effects model with the MMSE visuospatial construction subscale score as the dependent variable also showed a significant treatment-by-time interaction (-0. 06 for the ChEI only group and 0. 06 for the ChEI and nootropics combination group; F = 4. 00, p = 0. 046) (Table 4). Subgroup analysis within the ChEI and nootropics combination group in Alzheimer’s dementia: choline alfoscerate vs. ginkgo biloba extract vs. other nootropics When the three types of nootropics within the ChEI and nootropics combination group of the Alzheimer’s dementia subjects were compared, choline alfoscerate and ginkgo biloba extract combination with ChEI showed significantly less declines in the MMSE total scores (p = 0. 006) compared to other nootropics combination (-0. 28 for the choline alfoscerate group, -0. 51 for the ginkgo biloba extract group, -2. 81 for the other nootropics group) (2). Highly significant between-group differences, in favor of the choline alfoscerate combination and the ginkgo biloba extract combination, were shown in the MMSE language subscale score (p = 0.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The evolution of flowering plants had a significant impact on terrestrial ecosystems. [SEP] Text: Позднеордовикские и раннесилурийские криптоспоры и миоспоры известны из Северо-Восточной Ливии [16]. Комплексы спор вполне "наземного" облика описаны в среднеордовикских отложениях Омана [17]. Этими примерами далеко не исчерпываются ордовикские органические остатки, которые прямо или косвенно могут быть связаны с высшими наземными растениями. К их числу может быть причислена и Volkhoviella primitiva Naugolnykh, описание которой приводится в настоящей работе. Материал и методика.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Biophilic architecture incorporates natural elements into building designs to promote well-being. [SEP] Text: The identified main features plus other complementary features for Innovation are designed to target a certain area of the occupant's health, comfort, or knowledge. Every single feature is subdivided into parts tailored to fit specific building types such as retail, multifamily residential, education, restaurant, and commercial kitchen. [18], [19]. 4. stated earlier in the introduction, biophilia —the love of life or living things— is a natural and intuitive drive-in human. Incorporating biophilia into GBRTs promotes health and well-being. Biophilia is nestled in the WELL building standard with more definitive metrics than other GBRTs [3]. For example, WELL Feature 89 “Biophilia I–Qualitative” is a required precondition for the certification, and Feature 100 “Biophilia II–Quantitative” is an optimization (Ryan, 2017). Almost all 14 patterns of are addressed either directly or indirectly through the seven concepts and related performance metrics of WELL, as presented in Figure 1. Therefore, in this study, the WELL standard is used as a benchmark to compare the other three GBRTs. LEED V4 ND+C and for new construction, and LBC 3. 1 are compared to WELL in terms of common features addressed in these GBRTs. The aim is to examine their contributions to improve the health and wellness of building occupants and users. Figure 2 traces the progression of biophilic design, alongside the advancement of the chosen GBRTs. 5. term “sustainability” refers to this form of development that can take place without harming the environment, maintaining, and enhancing what we have now for future generations. In consequence, WELL and other GBRTs collaborate to ensure that our built environment achieves better energy performance and consumes fewer resources for a brighter and more sustainable future, while also promoting improved human health. Many organizations are investing in holistic health and well-being programs as they lead to a more productive workforce and increased employee engagement. For that reason, WELL is undoubtedly becoming a benchmark for wellness and health in the workplace. It is designed to work in tandem with the the Challenge, and other globe green building standards. (WBI) with the collaboration of many green building organizations such as the U. S. Council (USGBC), Certification Inc.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Taking nootropics guarantees permanent cognitive improvement. [SEP] Text: 001) as well (0. 22 for the choline alfoscerate group, 0. 26 for the ginkgo biloba group, -0. 95 for the other nootropics group) (2). DiscussionOur study findings suggest that the effectiveness of nootropics combination with ChEI may be different according to the type of dementia. The difference in change in the MMSE total scores from baseline to endpoint between the ChEI only group and the ChEI and nootropics combination group was not evident, but the results implied a positive impact of ChEI augmentation with nootropics on some domains of cognitive function in certain types of dementia, particularly Alzheimer’s dementia. The impact of nootropics augmentation on ChEI in Alzheimer’s dementia was consistently depicted on the language domain after consideration of medical adherence and nootropics type. Previous studies on nootropics revealed nootropics to have minimal, if any, effects on the prevention of cognitive decline. Most studies were either examined over a relatively short follow-up time or conducted with a limited number of subjects, and many of them focused on nootropic monotherapy rather than concomitant use with ChEI [6, 9, 10, 17, 23–25]. This study aimed to compare the nootropics and ChEI combination with ChEI monotherapy in an attempt to validate the effectiveness of nootropics in association with ChEI. We examined the change in not only MMSE total scores but also in its six subscale scores over a long period of exposure (300–400 days after the first prescription), which was considered long enough to elucidate the effect of the ChEI and nootropics combination. We categorized the subjects by dementia types in order to clarify the impact of nootropics combination in each type of dementia separately, and mainly focused on Alzheimer’s dementia, which is the most common neurodegenerative form of dementia. We did not limit nootropics to only one type of drug, but included multiple types of nootropics that are most frequently prescribed by clinicians in Korea, to speculate the effectiveness of different types of nootropics, particularly focusing on the two drugs that were most commonly used: choline alfoscerate and ginkgo biloba extract.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The evolution of flowering plants had a significant impact on terrestrial ecosystems. [SEP] Text: Исследованные ископаемые остатки происходят из среднеордовикских отложений (валимская свита, ухакуский горизонт, лланвирнский ярус; подробнее см. [18, 19]), обнажающихся по правому берегу р. Волхов в 3 км выше плотины гидроэлектростанции в г. Волховстрой Ленинградской области (рис. 1, а). Обнажение представляет собой обрыв цокольной террасы р. Волхов высотой около 5 м (см. рис.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Biophilic architecture incorporates natural elements into building designs to promote well-being. [SEP] Text: While the three green building rating systems consider health as a component of the larger holistic system, some of them addressed the ‘requirements’ aspects of health but did not address aspects of physical fitness, mental well-being, or policies that may enhance health. The results showed that LEED and partially aligned with WELL fitness features such as “69_Active transportation support” and “67_Exterior active design” while other features were not applicable such as: “70_Fitness Equipment” and “71_Active Furnishings”. The LBC achieved this concept to some extent by including “health and happiness” (petal 04) as one of its core (7) petals [23]. and LBC scored: (9, 8, and 6) respectively, which underlines the fact that is focusing solely on the health of the building occupants. For more clarification, LEED and achieved this goal by promoting public transportation and/or given "innovation" credits (BRE, 2019; USGBC, 2021). 7. 4 thermal comfort is defined by 55 as “a condition of mind, which expresses satisfaction with the surrounding environment”[24]. concept seeks to increase human productivity and offer a maximum degree of thermal comfort among all building users. This can be achieved through enhanced HVAC system design and operation, as well as meeting individual thermal p7. 5 concept promotes mental health by addressing the various elements that affect cognitive and emotional well-being. WELL has 17 features identifying different innovative approaches to assist individuals in achieving a state of well-being allowing them to bring their best selves to the places where they live, work, and play on a daily basis [18]. LEED and can contribute to this concept whether by recognizing the “Materials Transparency’ (WELL Feature 97) or by conducting a “Post -Occupancy Survey” (WELL feature 86). LBC notably aligned with 3 more WELL features including “Beauty & Design”, “Qualitative Biophilic”, and “Altruism’, (WELL features: 87, 88, and 96 respectively). The data showed that LBC qualified features weighted score was 11, whereas LEED and scored only 3. 7. 6 concept calls for optimizing water quality while promoting accessibility [17].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Taking nootropics guarantees permanent cognitive improvement. [SEP] Text: Choline alfoscerate is a derivative of phosphatidylcholine that enhances cholinergic transmission by upregulating acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis or release in the hippocampus [26, 27]; and thus, it ultimately facilitates learning and memory and decreases age-dependent structural changes, as seen in the frontal cortices and hippocampi of rats [7, 28]. Previous studies reported that the combination of choline alfoscerate with ChEI significantly increased ACh concentrations and prevented volume loss in the frontal and temporal lobe, hippocampus, and striatum in both rats [29] and in Alzheimer’s dementia patients [21]. One study also showed that choline alfoscerate increased hippocampal neurogenesis and provided protection against seizure-induced neuronal death and cognitive impairment [30]. A study on the supplementary effect of choline alfoscerate on speech detection and recognition among hearing aid users revealed that in the aging brain, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation in the medial geniculate body decreases, which contributes to deterioration in speech recognition and comprehension; and in such cases, choline precursor supplements could improve language functioning [31]. Ginkgo biloba extract, on the other hand, is hypothesized to enhance amyloid β-induced hippocampal neuron dysfunction and death, amyloid β aggregation, and neurogenesis [32–34], and induce a significant decrease in the density of β-adrenoreceptors in the frontal cortex and hippocampus [35]. Studies have shown that the hippocampus is closely associated with language production and verbal communication, either by contributing semantic memory to spoken language, processing the mismatch between the expected sensory consequences of speaking and perceived speech feedback, or via coupling between the hippocampal/supplementary motor area and the auditory cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and cerebellum [31, 36]. These findings all suggest that nootropics, such as choline alfoscerate and ginkgo biloba extract, may enhance the cholinergic pathway in brain areas including the hippocampus, frontal lobes, and auditory cortex, which are critical in language processing and utilization, and enhance language function in association with ChEI administration. Language function is not only highly sensitive in detecting cognitive impairment in older age groups [37], but is also a biological marker that differentiates Alzheimer’s dementia from normal aging [38].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The evolution of flowering plants had a significant impact on terrestrial ecosystems. [SEP] Text: 1, б), сложенной чередованием зеленовато-серых, розоватых или светло-лиловых мергелей, часто образующих плитчатую отдельность с неровной бугристой поверхностью напластования. К средней части разреза (см. рис. 1, б, в) приурочен уровень, с которого происходят остатки Volkhoviella primitiva Naugolnykh, gen. et sp. nov.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Biophilic architecture incorporates natural elements into building designs to promote well-being. [SEP] Text: This concept was hard to achieve by all GRBTs. Yet, it was that achieved mostly all the requirements of Water features except only one which is “35_Quality Testing”. This was due to the required testing and scientific analysis needed as part of the procedures, causing extra work and cost added to the project to get the certification. weighted score is 14 while LEED and LBC scored nothing. 7. 7 to WELLv1 Addenda, the Nourishment concept encourages “healthy eating habits by providing occupants with healthier food choices, behavioural cues, and knowledge about nutrient quality” [17]. “Nutrition plays a key role in health maintenance, weight management and chronic disease prevention” [27]. However, adherence to the dietary recommendations in or on the global level is poor. As a result, it came as no surprise that Nourishment was the least attainable of the seven concepts. Only the LBC standard partially met the following feature: “51_Food Production”. 8. put it all together, environmental assessment of buildings is nothing new since the emergence of the first national scheme in 1990 [28]. While LEED and are both point-based systems andbecame the most two widely used green building rating systems across the globe, other standards like LBC took on the challenge to be the stringent rating system in comparison with the first two. In 2017 the LBC introduced a guidebook to help project teams seeking a biophilic project to achieve compliance with “Imperative 09 - Biophilic Environment”. Recently issued, the addresses not only the design and operations of buildings but also how they influence human behaviour and affect health and well-being. The seven categories or concepts of wellness include and Mind. ‘Biophilia’ features are addressed through WELL standard qualitatively as ‘preconditions’ and quantitatively as ‘recommended options’ for the certification. This study aimed to assess the conformity of WELL featuring biophilic design to three well-known Standard Tools: and LBC. The analyses of the overlapping degree and related weighted scores indicated that the common features between WELL standard and LEED equal (32 Fs); (19) Equivalent, (8) Aligned, and (5) Partial, with a total weighted score of (77) in five common concepts (i. e.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Taking nootropics guarantees permanent cognitive improvement. [SEP] Text: To our knowledge, this study is the first to elucidate the effect of nootropics co-administered with ChEIs on the attenuation of language domain deterioration in Alzheimer’s dementia using clinical data. The possible effect of nootropics on delaying the deterioration of language function may be of great value, considering the association between cognitive decline and language function in the aging population and dementia patients. The strength of this study lies in the methodological aspects of real-world data utilization. Many studies in Korea are actively conducted using the national claims database in an attempt to perform large-scale research [39]. However, imperative baseline characteristics of each patient, including medical histories, medications, and laboratory findings, are missing when using the national claims databases. On the other hand, the clinical data warehouse from our university healthcare system is a composition of each patient’s clinical and demographic data. In this study, we were able to extract and collect critical information regarding each patient’s clinical and demographic backgrounds such as, but not limited to, the education level and BMI, specific MMSE subscale scores, and detailed dementia diagnosis. As a result, we were able to make corrections for many variables that could have affected the MMSE results, including other relevant diagnoses and medical history, such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus, Parkinsonism, and visual/hearing loss. Furthermore, this study is meaningful in that until now, there have only been a few, if any, studies on the effect of nootropics on ChEI efficacy outside of the only actively researched country, Italy [19, 20, 40]. The study had some limitations. Due to its retrospective nature, we were not able to control the treatment settings in terms of medication dosage, treatment duration, the overlapping periods of concomitant nootropic and ChEI use, and adherence monitoring. In order to compensate for these factors, we calculated and considered PDC, the number of days covered by the prescriptions in the total prescription periods, to reflect and consider drug adherence. Moreover, we only included subjects with MMSE scores within 300–400 days after the baseline, which might have excluded certain patients who could not take the annual MMSE test either due to a deleterious progression of dementia or because they no longer sought help or changed hospitals. In the near future, it seems that these limitations can be solved by conducting research based on a large database that combines real-world data from numerous hospitals (i. e.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The evolution of flowering plants had a significant impact on terrestrial ecosystems. [SEP] Text: Вместе с остатками волховиелл в слое присутствуют многочисленные панцири крупных трилобитов Xenasaphus devexus Eichwald, а также предполагаемые ходы роющих беспозвоночных, замещённые окислами и гидроокислами железа и часто имеющие ярко-зелёную окраску за счёт примазок тонкодисперсного глауконита (см. рис. 1, г).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Biophilic architecture incorporates natural elements into building designs to promote well-being. [SEP] Text: , Air, Light, Fitness, Mind and Comfort). The common features between WELL standard and equal (42 Fs); (15) Equivalent and (27) Aligned, with a total weighted score of (99) in six common concepts (i. e. , Air, Water, Light, Fitness, Mind and Comfort). Lastly, the common features between WELL standard and LBC equal (25 Fs); (2) Equivalent and (23) Aligned, with a total weighted score of (52) in five common concepts (i. e. , Air, Comfort, Fitness, Nourishment and Mind). The review of available crosswalks addressing the degree of fulfilment of GRBTs credits compared to WELL features (and the reverse) highlighted issues relating to inconsistent terminology. For tackling this problem, the authors introduced adjusted terms and definitions to improve consistency. The terms that might create confusion included: i. Using the same term in different crosswalk documents to designate different levels of fulfilment such as “Partial”. It indicates in LEED that the credit/feature is partially met or may help to meet the corresponding credit/feature. Partial in LBC signifies that while the outputs and/or approaches are similar, there are significant variances in the standards' requirements. ii. Using different terms in different crosswalk documents to designate the same level of fulfilment such as “Equivalent” in LEED and “Complete” in LBC to denote full compliance. Additionally, “Not applicable” in and “Not equivalent” in LBC are used similarly to indicate not addressed features. 9. dominance of certification tools shapes the concept of 'Green' building. However, the extent to which the GRBTs contribute to occupant health and well-being remains unclear. They focus mainly on physiological well-being through the principle of avoidance. The compliance with requirements is determined by quantified measurable outcomes with aggregated scores such as energy and water efficiency. BiophilicDesign, on the contrary, has a more qualitative goal given that human well-being depends on the presence of natural elements in buildings such as greenery and water. Nevertheless, accessing attributes and qualities found in nature is hard to measure, yet the effects are highly visible in the architectural form and appearance. This paper aims to present guidelines for shifting GRBTs towards a more human-centered and biophilic approach.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Taking nootropics guarantees permanent cognitive improvement. [SEP] Text: , common data model). Finally, analyzing the six subscale domains of the MMSE may raise the issue of multiple comparison. However, through subsequent analyses, we induced consistent results at least in the Alzheimer’s dementia group, of which nootropics combination could have a subtle positive impact on the language domain. Surely, further studies that more deliberately focus on the separate cognitive domains should be performed with other more qualified neuropsychological tests. Still, this study would be of best effort to observe the effectiveness of nootropics utilizing the accumulated real-world data. ConclusionIn conclusion, our results demonstrated partial effectiveness of nootropics with ChEIs on some cognitive domains in Alzheimer’s dementia. The reliability of the current study was further strengthened by its 1-year follow-up period, consideration of treatment adherence, and adjustments for confounding comorbid diagnoses. This study emphasizes the need for future well-controlled studies to generalize the effect of nootropics on cognitive function across various clinical settings or cause of dementia. AbbreviationsChEI: Cholinesterase inhibitor; MMSE: mini-mental state examination; ICD-10: Classification of Disease and Problems 10th Revision; BMI: body mass index; BP: blood pressure; PDC: proportion of days covered; ANOVA: analysis of variance; ACh: acetylcholineDeclarationsEthics approval and consent to participate This research protocol was exempt from an ethics review by the Board of Hospital (9-2020-0108). Consent for publication Not applicable. Availability of data and materials The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are currently stored in the. Restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used per data sharing agreement for the current study, and so are not publicly available. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Author’s contributions WJK contributed to the conception of the study. MK and DBL collected the data and MK and SK conducted the data analysis. MK and WJK interpreted the data and drafted the manuscript. WJK, EL contributed to revising the final manuscript. All authors contributed to the development and revision of the final manuscript. All authors have read and approved the manuscript. study was supported by a research grant of of Medicine. 2021. Available at: Accessed 18 Sept 2021.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The evolution of flowering plants had a significant impact on terrestrial ecosystems. [SEP] Text: Верхняя часть нижнеордовикских отложений и среднеордовикские отложения Прибалтики, включая Ленинградскую область, представляют собой регрессивную последовательность, которая закончилась режимом континентальных условий, существовавших в этом регионе в течение значительной части среднего ордовика, всего позднего ордовика, всего силура и раннего девона, и только в конце среднего девона режим денудации (сглаживания) на этой территории вновь сменился режимом оса

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Biophilic architecture incorporates natural elements into building designs to promote well-being. [SEP] Text: The study compares three widely used GRBTs for buildings, namely and LBC, with the WELL rating system, which is the only system that incorporates biophilic design patterns. Matrices were developed based on a comprehensive review of the official technical manuals and all available series of crosswalks and alignments related to the four GRBTs. The overlapping equivalency levels of the (7) concepts of WELL and their related (100) features were identified in and LBC, and then assigned weighted scores. The results of the analyses indicated that: i. GRBTs_ There is a significant opportunity to achieve partial equivalency/ alignment between WELL standard and and LBC, yet full compliance has a low chance. One explanation for this inference is that many of WELL features are based on scientific research and studies that necessitated further particular testing or experimental analyses. Thus, the potential to establish a dual certification process across multiple GRBTs is much harder. LBC rating system has fewer chances to align with WELL because it is contingent upon actual performance comparing to LEED or. Specifically, LBC is much focusing on the ends rather than the means; every single LBC building must achieve net-zero water use and net-zero energy, while LEED and are point-based performance with defined checklists. ii. Biophilic Design_ Biophilia features addressed in are mostly nestled in the “Mind” concept, however, and LBC pay attention to “Air”, “Light”, and “Comfort” more than “Fitness”, “Water”, “Mind”, and “Nourishment”. iii. Synergies_The purpose of crosswalks is to find synergies between WELL and other green building rating systems. It should be highlighted that having consistent wording within the GRBTs crosswalks and alignments is critical. The inconsistency can lead to a lot of misunderstanding since the terms are used to make judgements about whether the requirements have been met. 10 It is imperative to shift current construction trends towards a more comprehensive approach that considers the entire building life cycle and its impact on human health and wellness. -19 pandemic has underscored the importance of understanding the intricate relationships between humans, nature, and the built environment (Karimi, H. , et al. , 2023).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Taking nootropics guarantees permanent cognitive improvement. [SEP] Text: O' Clinical practice with anti-dementia drugs: a revised (third) consensus statement from the British association for psychopharmacology. J Psychopharmacol 2017;31:147-168. Birks J. Cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease. 2006:CD005593. Nicholson CD. Pharmacology of nootropics and metabolically active compounds in relation to their use in dementia. Psychopharmacology 1990;101:147-159. Moreno MDJM. Cognitive improvement in mild to moderate Alzheimer's dementia after treatment with the acetylcholine precursor choline alfoscerate: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. 2003;25:178-193. . Meta-analysis of double blind randomized controlled clinical trials of acetyl-L-carnitine versus placebo in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's disease. Psychopharmacol 2003;18:61-71. . Choline alphoscerate in cognitive decline and in acute cerebrovascular disease: an analysis of published clinical data. Dev 2001;122:2041-2055. Multicentre study of l-alpha-glyceryl-phosphorylcholine vs ST200 among patients with probable senile dementia of Alzheimer's type. 1993;3:159-164. . Cholinergic precursors in the treatment of cognitive impairment of vascular origin: ineffective approaches or need for re-evaluation? J 2007;257:264-269. Ginkgo biloba for prevention of dementia: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2008;300:2253-2262. . Ginkgo biloba special extract LI 1370 improves dual-task walking in patients with MCI: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled exploratory study. 2017;29:609-619. Long-term acetyl-L-carnitine treatment in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1991;41:1726-1732. . Ameliorative effect of nicergoline on cognitive function through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Rep 2018;17:7293-7300. Long-Term nicergoline treatment of mild to moderate senile dementia. Investig 1997;13:308-316.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The evolution of flowering plants had a significant impact on terrestrial ecosystems. [SEP] Text: дконакопления.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Biophilic architecture incorporates natural elements into building designs to promote well-being. [SEP] Text: Advocating for biophilic design signifies a crucial step toward a sustainable and people-centric future in architecture, rather than merely following a passing trend. Our study highlights the challenge of aligning (GBRTs) that utilize different assessment methods, whether prescriptive or performance based. While both methods aim to meet assessment criteria and achieve scores, they come with their distinct advantages and drawbacks. Crosswalks present a promising strategy to reconcile these differences by identifying areas of equivalence between standards. Development of assessment tools should rigorously and consistently address these issues. Additionally, the adoption of crosswalks and the pursuit of dual-certified buildings can serve not only to promote Responsibility (CSR) but also as effective marketing tools. `this study, the selection of and LBC was primarily based on criteria such as global recognition, widespread adoption, academic interest, and historical development. However, it's worth noting that other sustainability certification systems exist that may offer different perspectives or considerations. Our comparison with WELL was motivated by its alignment with the 14 patterns of biophilic design, which is central to our research focus. While this choice enhances the depth of our analysis, it's essential to recognize that there are other assessment methods and certifications in the field of sustainable design that could offer alternative insights or perspectives. While our research focuses on crosswalk documents aimed at achieving dual certification with the GBRTs under study, it's important to acknowledge that the effectiveness and applicability of these documents may vary in different contexts or projects. Factors such as project scale, location, and stakeholder priorities could influence the outcomes and implementation of dual certification strategies. Future research could focus on several key areas. Firstly, conducting comparative analyses across a wider spectrum of green building standards beyond and LBC could provide insights into different certification systems' strengths and weaknesses. Exploring real-world case studies of projects pursuing dual certification would offer valuable empirical evidence and lessons learned, shedding light on the challenges and opportunities associated with integrating multiple standards. Additionally, investigating stakeholder perspectives, refining methods for measuring biophilic design effectiveness, and evaluating policy implications for integrating biophilia into building standards are crucial avenues for advancing sustainable design practice and policy. acknowledge that this paper is a revised edition of a previous version presented at the & Exhibition on (ICCE) [ August 9-11, 2021], and we express gratitude to the conference organizers for granting permission to publish it openly.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Taking nootropics guarantees permanent cognitive improvement. [SEP] Text: -J, Berrut G, Dartigues J-F, Dubois B, et al. Long-term use of standardised ginkgo biloba extract for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease (GuidAge): a randomised placebo-controlled trial. 2012;11:851-859. Snitz BE, O’ Ginkgo biloba for preventing cognitive decline in older adults: a randomized trial. JAMA 2009;302:2663-2270. Hudson S, Tabet N. Acetyl-L-carnitine for dementia. 2003:CD003158. Fioravanti M, Flicker L. Efficacy of nicergoline in dementia and other age associated forms of cognitive impairment. of 2001:CD003159. . trial: Association between the cholinesterase inhibitor donepezil and the cholinergic precursor choline alphoscerate in Alzheimer's disease with cerebrovascular injury: interim results. J 2012;322:96-101. . Association with the cholinergic precursor choline alphoscerate and the cholinesterase inhibitor rivastigmine: an approach for enhancing cholinergic neurotransmission. Dev 2006;127:173-179. . Volume analysis of brain cognitive areas in Alzheimer’s disease: interim 3-year results from the trial. J 2020;76:317-329. . Impact of appointment-based medication synchronization on proportion of days covered for chronic medications. Pharmacy 2018;6:44. Higgins JP, Flicker L. Lecithin for dementia and cognitive impairment. 2003:CD001015. Birks J, J. Ginkgo biloba for cognitive impairment and dementia. 2009:CD003120. Ginkgo biloba extract is comparable with donepezil in improving functional recovery in Alzheimer's disease: results from a multilevel characterized study based on clinical features and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. 2021;12:721216. Catanesi M, d' Neuroprotective potential of choline alfoscerate against β-amyloid injury: involvement of neurotrophic signals. Int 2020;44:1734-1744. . L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine antagonizes scopolamine-induced amnesia and enhances hippocampal cholinergic transmission in the rat.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The evolution of flowering plants had a significant impact on terrestrial ecosystems. [SEP] Text: Изучение органических остатков (рис. 2, 3) проводилось с помощью электронного сканирующего микроскопа MV 2300 (Геологический институт РАН).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Studies suggest that biophilic designs can reduce stress and improve mental health. [SEP] Text: Less mental health related stigma2. Increased positive mental health behaviours (including less avoidant coping and more help-seeking)3. Fewer sickness absences from work4. Less presenteeism at work Ethics approval(s) Approved 25/09/2019, Department of Committee (Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP; +44 (0)1792 295111; g. jiga@swansea. ac. uk), ref: 1521 Study design Cluster-randomized controlled trial Primary study design study design Cluster randomised trial Study setting(s) type information sheet See study outputs table health and well-being sample of 80 managers and their teams (approximate total of 960 employees) will be selected by the UK Driver and Agency (DVLA) to be eligible to take part in the Prevail intervention programme across four of their divisions (Services [ITS], [CC], Case work and Enforcement [CAEG], and Group [ISG]) in order to ensure that there is a broad cross section of teams and individuals. These managers will then be randomly assigned to the Prevail intervention (N = 40) or control group (N = 40) using a random number generator and stratified by division and gender (to ensure equal numbers of managers in each of the four divisions and an equal gender split of manager in each arm of the study). Prevail is a mental health intervention training programme consisting of two programmes. In Prevail-staff, employees (staff and managers) receive a one-day intervention programme that aims to reduce stigma related to mental health difficulties, increase positive mental health practices (including problem-solving behaviours and help-seeking behaviours), and inform staff about evidence-based low-intensity psychological interventions for common mental disorders. The common mental disorders that are specifically targeted by the Prevail programme are depression, anxiety, stress, and distress (including loss and bereavement). This part of the intervention programme is delivered by a group of train-the-trainers working at the DVLA over a time period of around 10 weeks. The train-the-trainers have all been trained to deliver Prevail-staff by the research team and the authors of the intervention programme.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Taking nootropics guarantees permanent cognitive improvement. [SEP] Text: Pharmacol 1992;211:351-358. . Neuroprotective effect of treatment with galantamine and choline alphoscerate on brain microanatomy in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J 2009;283:187-194. . Association with the cholinergic precursor choline alphoscerate and the cholinesterase inhibitor rivastigmine: an approach for enhancing cholinergic neurotransmission. Dev 2006;127:173-179. Late treatment with choline alfoscerate (l-alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine, α-GPC) increases hippocampal neurogenesis and provides protection against seizure-induced neuronal death and cognitive impairment. 2017;1654:66-76. Supplementary effect of choline alfoscerate on speech recognition in patients with age-related hearing loss: a prospective study in 34 patients (57 ears). Neurosci 2021;13:684519. Bastianetto S, Ramassamy C, Doré. The ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) protects hippocampal neurons against cell death induced by beta-amyloid. Neurosci 2000;12:1882-1890. Inhibition of amyloid-β aggregation and caspase-3 activation by the ginkgo biloba extract EGb761. 2002;99:12197-12202. . EGb 761 enhances adult hippocampal neurogenesis and phosphorylation of CREB in transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. 2007;21:2400-2408. . Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on β-adrenergic receptors in different rat brain regions. 2002;16:488-490. van de. Hippocampus plays a role in speech feedback processing. Neuroimage 2020;223:117319. Alegret M, Peretó M, Pérez The role of verb fluency in the detection of early cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease. J 2018;62:611-619. . Neuropsychological assessment of dementia. Psychol 2009;60:257-282. Ryu D-R. Introduction to the medical research using national health insurance claims database. J 2017;40:66-70. .

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The evolution of flowering plants had a significant impact on terrestrial ecosystems. [SEP] Text: Коллекция хранится в ГИН РАН под № 4914. Коллекция растительных остатков Volkhoviella primitiva включает пять фертильных и два стерильных побега, сохранившихся в виде лимонитизированных фитолейм3. Один из побегов (рис. 4, д) отнесён к данному виду предварительно как cf. (то есть в открытой номенклатуре, условно), поскольку некоторые его особенности (мелкие шипы в основании побега, моноподиальное ветвление) обособляют его от остальных экземпляров выборки.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Biophilic architecture often includes large windows to increase natural light exposure. [SEP] Text: Благодаря комплексному использованию водопада в архитектуре дома – звук воды можно услышать по всей внутренней части дома, посетители чувствуют, что они «участвуют» в природе, а не «наблюдают» за ней со стороны (рис. 2). Кроме того, структура построена вокруг существующей зелени и охватывает местную геологию, включая большой камень в центре гостиной. Есть также много стеклянных стен, объединяющих посетителей дома с окружающим лесом и природой.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Taking nootropics guarantees permanent cognitive improvement. [SEP] Text: 06 ± 1. 29 0. 364 0. 83 1, 581 0. 364 Delayed recall 0. 92 ± 1. 00 1. 10 ± 1. 11 0. 064 0. 90 ± 1. 06 0. 93 ± 1. 10 0. 715 -0. 03 ± 1. 02 -0. 17 ± 1. 16 0. 150 2. 29 1, 581 0. 131 Language 6. 97 ± 1. 22 6. 87 ± 1. 41 0. 387 6. 70 ± 1. 46 6. 84 ± 1. 55 0. 295 -0. 27 ± 1. 45 -0. 03 ± 1. 43 0. 065 3. 43 1, 581 0. 065 Visuospatial construction 0. 47 ± 0. 50 0. 50 ± 0. 50 0. 561 0. 44 ± 0. 50 0. 51 ± 0. 50 0. 111 -0. 03 ± 0. 56 0. 01 ± 0. 58 0. 375 0. 79 1, 581 0. 375 Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. MMSE, mini-mental state examination; ChEI, cholinesterase inhibitor aCholinesterase inhibitor only [n = 410] and cholinesterase inhibitor and nootropics combination [n = 173] bThe results for the linear mixed-effects model were adjusted for covariates of sex, age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, stroke, Parkinsonism, visual disturbance/hearing loss, hemiplegia/paraplegia, and mood/anxiety disorder. cp value for t-test dp value for linear mixed-effects model Table 3. Results of mixed model analysesa for mini-mental state examination (MMSE) among the three dementia subgroups Alzheimer’s dementia (n = 447) Vascular dementia (n = 80) Others (n = 56) Difference in scores Group-time interaction Difference in scores Group-time interaction Difference in scores Group-time interaction only (n = 313) ChEI + nootropics (n = 134) F p value ChEI only (n = 49) ChEI + nootropics (n = 31) F p value ChEI only (n = 48) ChEI + nootropics (n = 8) F p value Total -1. 30 ± 3. 87 -0.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The evolution of flowering plants had a significant impact on terrestrial ecosystems. [SEP] Text: Не исключено, что в перспективе этот экземпляр будет описан в составе отдельного таксона. Также возможно, что на одной из его боковых (фертильных? ) ветвей присутствует спорангий, но проверить это предположение можно только путём микропрепарации. Палеоботаническое описание. Отдел Psilophyta Zimmermann, 1930. Класс Rhyniopsida Kryshtofovich, 1925. Порядок Rhyniales Zimmermann, 1959 (=Cooksoniales Doweld, 2001). Семейство Incertae sedis. Род Volkhoviella Naugolnykh, gen. nov. Название рода происходит от р. Волхов. Типовой вид:Volkhoviella primitiva Naugolnykh, sp. nov.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The concept of biophilic design is inspired by the innate human connection to nature. [SEP] Text: -19 PreprintsProtocolsVideosJournalsTools & a 10. 21203/rs. 3. rs-4402600/v1This work is licensed under a CC BY 4. 0 LicenseStatus:PostedVersion 1posted You are reading this latest preprint versionAbstractThis paper investigates the relationship between certified green buildings and biophilic design principles, aiming to assess how biophilic design aligns with (GBRTs). To achieve this, three widely used GBRTs (and LBC) are compared to the which has best adopted biophilic design patterns. The research team conducted a thorough review of available crosswalks and alignment documents, using WELL as a benchmark against the other three GBRTs. They identified overlapping equivalency levels of the seven concepts of WELL and their related 100 features, assigning weighted scores accordingly. The findings reveal both opportunities and challenges in the alignment between WELL and other GBRTs. While partial equivalency is possible, achieving full compliance is unlikely due to the extensive scientific basis of WELL features requiring further testing and analysis. LEED stands out with the largest share of equivalent features, covering 59% of the total, indicating full compliance, while scored 36% for equivalent features. However, LBC performed differently, with only 8% of features deemed equivalent due to its reliance on actual performance rather than prescriptive measures observed in LEED and. This 61. the population continues to urbanize, humans’ disconnection with nature augments, leading to a negative impact on mental and physical health. Life with and after Covid-19 provides an opportunity for re-evaluation and re-shaping of the built environment. New insights about human, nature and built environment relationships can promote health and wellness —crucially needed than it has been before. (GBRTs) have grown in popularity in the last few decades, attracting both the building industry and construction interest in sustainability. These tools, though effective in minimizing the environmental impacts of buildings, show disparities in their use, particularly to recognize the health and well-being of the occupants. incorporates “biophilia” into green building rating tools. Biophilia —love of life and living systems—is a concept introduced in the 1980s by Edward O. Wilson avowing that humans have an innate connection with nature. uses this holistic approach to improve spaces where we live and work to promote health and wellness [1], [2].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Taking nootropics guarantees permanent cognitive improvement. [SEP] Text: MMSE, mini-mental state examination; ChEI, cholinesterase inhibitor aThe results for the linear mixed-effects model were adjusted for covariates of sex, age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, stroke, Parkinsonism, visual disturbance/hearing loss, hemiplegia/paraplegia, and mood/anxiety disorder. Table 4. Results of mixed model analysesa for mini-mental state examination (MMSE) for highly-adherentb Alzheimer’s Alzheimer’s dementia (n = 412) Vascular dementia (n = 72) Others (n = 53) Difference in scores Group-time interaction Difference in scores Group-time interaction Difference in scores Group-time interaction only (n = 300) ChEI + nootropics (n = 112) F p value ChEI only (n = 45) ChEI + nootropics (n = 27) F p value ChEI only (n = 45) ChEI + nootropics (n = 8) F p value Total -1. 36 ± 3. 87 -0. 77 ± 2. 85 2. 18 0. 141 -0. 78 ± 3. 51 -0. 59 ± 4. 17 0. 04 0. 841 -0. 36 ± 5. 19 -1. 38 ± 4. 66 0. 27 0. 606 Orientation -0. 64 ± 2. 16 -0. 54 ± 1. 82 0. 22 0. 640 -0. 38 ± 1. 84 -0. 22 ± 3. 23 0. 07 0. 795 -0. 18 ± 2. 76 -0. 50 ± 1. 93 0. 10 0. 753 Immediate recall -0. 08 ± 0. 66 -0. 07 ± 0. 57 0. 03 0. 865 -0. 13 ± 0. 84 0. 11 ± 0. 75 1. 54 0. 219 -0. 16 ± 0. 64 -0. 25 ± 0. 46 0. 16 0. 692 Attention & calculation -0. 18 ± 1. 49 -0. 12 ± 1. 32 0. 16 0. 689 -0. 58 ± 1. 42 0. 04 ± 1. 22 0. 04 0. 841 0. 13 ± 1. 75 0. 38 ± 1. 41 0. 14 0. 714 Delayed recall -0. 01 ± 1.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: The evolution of flowering plants had a significant impact on terrestrial ecosystems. [SEP] Text: , средний ордовик Ленинградской области. Побеги узкие, субцилиндрические. Фертильные побеги относительно короткие, несущие терминальные спорангии овоидной формы. Спорангии с терминальной щелью для рассеивания спор. Стерильные побеги более длинные, простые или дихотомирующие (раздваивающиеся) до двух раз. Проводящая система протостелическая.

Output: pass