Input: Claim: Synthetic life forms have the potential to out-compete all natural species, leading to the extinction of many ecosystems. [SEP] Text: 0026[desert fishes;ecological ratchet;megadrought;wicked problems;extinction]Lineages of desert fishes that have persevered millions of years, through droughts exceeding any in the historical record, now collectively spiral toward extinction in the industrialized desert signaling the loss of functioning aquatic ecosystems. A century of large-scale water-resource development for agricultural and urban expansion has diminished these ecosystems to a point that exceeds prehistoric megadroughts, although the accompanying climate is relatively wet. Anthropogenic habitat degradation and introductions of nonnative species exacerbate ecological depreciation. Persistent impacts create an ecological ratchet that now elevates extinction risks for remnant populations. Full restoration of natural habitats may be impossible today, but preservation and rehabilitation of remnant ecosystems and their functions are critical. Collaborative approaches to reverse ratchet-like impacts could reduce extinction risks but need more public support and wider application. This is a wicked problem because resource managers face many limitations and require cooperation among numerous private and governmental organizations representing diverse values and priorities. Greater fusion of science, environmental ethics, and ecological economics could unveil common ground among stakeholders, which will be critical to forestall looming threats. (pages 407 - 418)This 2021. Page maintained by BiblioVault.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Astrobiologists have already made contact with alien civilizations. [SEP] Text: ” Untangling the Cause of Warming “Integrating these sclerosponge findings with corrected instrumental data could offer a more comprehensive view of historical SST evolution,” Chan said. However, he cautioned against immediately adopting the updated warming values. The sclerosponge warming rates almost mirror modern instrumental records in a broad sense, but there are some differences, even when accounting for different starting lines, Chan said. Research is ongoing to correct some biases and errors in historic instrumental records, which might reconcile some of these differences. “This distinction not only enhances our understanding of climate change but also has significant political implications, informing policy and target setting in the context of global warming. ” Too, when looking as far back as 1700, Earth’s climate might still have been rebounding from the Age (roughly 1300–1850). That might account for some of the warming during the early 19th century, Chan said, but definitely not all. “It is essential to more accurately distinguish the anthropogenic component from other factors, particularly during the early industrial period,” Chan said. “This distinction not only enhances our understanding of climate change but also has significant political implications, informing policy and target setting in the context of global warming. ” McCulloch, Winter, and their colleagues urged IPCC scientists and climate modelers to consider this new preindustrial starting line. Whether it will be adopted is uncertain, but if the world has already surpassed 1. 5°C of warming, the researchers argue that continued climate action is more important than ever. —Kimberly M. S. Cartier (@AstroKimCartier), Correction 12 February 2024: The date of the sclerosponges’ industrial starting line has been updated. Citation: Cartier, K. M. S. (2024), Oceans may have already seen 1. 7°C of warming, Eos, 105, Published on 5 February 2024. Text © 2024. The authors. CC BY-NC-ND 3. 0Except where otherwise noted, images are subject to copyright. Any reuse without express permission from the copyright owner is prohibited.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Rhizobacteria enhance plant growth by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. [SEP] Text: BNF by PGPR has been reported to contribute up to 12–70% of total N uptake in field crops or 26. 7 kg N ha−1 (70% of total N uptake) in maize [6], sugarcane [11] and oil palm [9]. Generally, it has been estimated that up to 65% of N used in agriculture is contributed by BNF, and that it will be an increasingly important component in future plant-N management [12]. In addition, N remobilisation in plant plays a crucial role to reutilise the N from vegetative plant parts for developing organs, especially seeds/grains. N remobilisation occurs naturally throughout plant growth and whenever the plant requires it, although the onset of leaf senescence is identified as the main stimulus [13]. It was reported that 50–90% of N in wheat and maize grains is remobilised from the leaf-N [14]. However, present information on indigenous PGPR associations with maize plant towards BNF and their influence on N remobilisation is still limited. Thus, a concerted effort is needed for an effective plant-N management. Therefore, the aim of this study was to select effective PGPR strains from a series of indigenous bacterial strains by biochemical characterisations and plant growth promotion assays. These selected strains and a reference strain, UPMB10 were identified using 16S rDNA gene analysis and further inoculated to maize plants grown under greenhouse conditions to estimate the amount of N2 fixed and their influence on plant-N remobilisation prior to anthesis and ear harvest, using the 15N isotope dilution technique. Materials and isolation Bacterial strains were isolated from roots of healthy maize plants grown at (UPM), Selangor (2°58’52. 17” N, 101°42’44. 94” E) and in Sik, Kedah (6°2’57. 84” N, 100°50’24. 60” E) using the modified method of Hoben and Somasegaran [15]. Three fresh root tips (3 cm) with sufficient adhered rhizosphere soils were collected in McCartney bottles which contained 10 mL of sterilised distilled water.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The majority of future food production will come from synthetic organisms, entirely replacing traditional agriculture.Archaeogenetics involves analyzing ancient DNA to study human evolution and migration patterns. [SEP] Text: Differences between the two types of rice were also reflected in the rituals surrounding rice storage. Specifically, traditional ceremonies and taboos were retained with the Lumbung but were not observed with normal rice storage facilities. In summary, it appears that agricultural activities associated with local and normal rice form coherent circles (Figure 11). All elements involved in local rice production, such as working style, utilities, and tools used, seem to be based on tradition. On the other hand, activities for normal rice production seem to be based on the concept of efficiency, positively introducing new styles of work. It is thus likely that the Lumbung can find a reason to exist as a part of the traditional cycle of local rice but cannot accommodate the efficiency circle of normal rice. This explains why Lumbungs started to disappear at the same time local rice cultivation disappeared, while their active use in local rice cultivation continues. Figure 11. Conceptual circles concerning local rice and normal rice. Moreover, it seems that each of the two coherent circles is sustained by different shifts in the mentality of Balinese people. In interviews, farmers often expressed a strong mental attachment to local rice, even those who no longer cultivated it, describing it as “tasty,” “good,” “nutritious,” and so on. Almost all the farmers said that they would like to eat local rice as much as possible. In contrast, no value was attached to normal rice other than its being “productive. ” Indeed, among farmers mix-cultivating local and normal rice, many said that they saved local rice for their own consumption and sold normal rice commercially. This reflects the perception of local rice as real food and normal rice as more of a cash crop. The general consensus was that because local rice is real food, it is produced in a more “real” way using traditional facilities and tools and proper ceremonies, whereas with people do not care about normal rice and thus change their production methods for greater efficiency. Above all, the traditional circle of local rice seems to be sustained by the Balinese people’s idea of “real rice production,” and the Lumbung, which is the most visible factor in the circle in the everyday landscape, symbolizes the idea.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Astrobiologists have already made contact with alien civilizations. [SEP] Text: and (IBA) Team offers a briefing to community pharmacy service providers to inform local and national commissioning discussions. Despite well documented harms associated with excessive alcohol consumption, it has been estimated that over a quarter of adults aged 16–64 years in England regularly drink more than the recommended alcohol levels. In recognition of manifold alcohol-related harms and costs, the Government published “alcohol strategy” in March 2012. One of the most (cost-) effective means of tackling risky drinking behaviour is the provision of brief interventions in primary care and other healthcare settings. Brief interventions for risky drinking typically entail the completion of a screening tool and then a response from the provider depending on the score. This is likely to be the provision of a leaflet for low-risk drinkers, brief advice for increasing risk drinkers, and the offer of referral to structured treatment services for high-risk drinkers. Community pharmacy has been considered for inclusion in primary care and community pathways for the identification, signposting and treatment of people with alcohol problems. The 2008 “Pharmacy in England” pledged to develop the public health role of the pharmacist and the current Government echoes this intent. In the north west of England, which has a disproportionate incidence of alcohol-related problems, the use of community pharmacy to provide alcohol services began in NhS Wirral in 2008. The service developed through partnership working between the north west corporate community pharmacy network, — former director of public health of the strategic health authority, VictorStanding — the regional strategic pharmaceutical adviser and the local pharmaceutical committees. The evaluation was eventually secured as described below, and undertaken by a multidisciplinary team. Service provision expanded progressively throughout the region. Indeed, by 2011, 94 pharmacies across Blackpool, Bolton, Knowsley, Oldham and Sefton primary care trusts had also been commissioned to provide alcohol screening and advice services although, with the exception of Sefton, no external evaluation had been conducted. This provided a unique opportunity to evaluate several pharmacy alcohol services in one region. Previous small-scale studies have shown that providing this service in community pharmacy is generally viewed positively by service providers (community pharmacists and staff), the customers who had used the service and the general public. Larger trials are also in progress in London and Aberdeen. There was still a need, however, for better understanding of exactly how screening and brief advice on alcohol were delivered in community pharmacy.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Rhizobacteria enhance plant growth by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. [SEP] Text: The bottle was shaken for 30 s with a vortex mixer at 1000 rpm and serially diluted with ten-fold dilutions prior to spreading the root suspension on tryptic soy agar medium (TSA; Merck KGaA, Germany) to isolate the rhizospheric bacteria. The same roots were surface-sterilised with 70% ethanol for 5 min, followed by 1% of sodium hypochlorite for 30 s and washed five times with sterilised distilled water. The roots were streaked on TSA plates to check the sterilisation efficiency and aseptically smashed with mortar and pestle to isolate the endophytic bacteria on TSA medium. The TSA plates were invertedly incubated for 24 h at 30±2°C. Colonies with visual morphological differences were selected and sub-cultured to obtain pure colonies. A total of 57 bacterial strains were isolated and screened for N2-fixing activity, phosphate solubilisation, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production and plant growth promotion assay. A parallel experiment on plant growth promotion assays indicated that PGPR inoculations with Fr1, S1r1 and S3r2 produced the highest maize plant top biomass and N uptake (S1 and S2 Figs). Thus, these three PGPR strains and a negative and reference strain, Br1 and UPMB10, respectively, were subsequently selected for the pot experiment. The UPMB10 strain was isolated from oil palm root [16] and is used in the commercial product Bacto-10™. Maize and oil palm being monocotyledonous plants form a monophyletic group that shares similar arrangements of vascular bundles in the stem, parallel major leaf veins and adventitious root system. Biochemical characterisation Initial screening for N2-fixing activity of the pure bacterial cultures was determined on N-free semi-solid malate medium (Nfb) [17]. The plates were incubated for 24 h at 30±2°C, whereby a colour change from pale green to blue would qualitatively indicate the positive effect of N2-fixing activity. Phosphate solubilisation test was conducted according to the method of Pikovskaya [18], where the presence of clear halo zones around the colonies would indicate positive phosphate solubilisation.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The majority of future food production will come from synthetic organisms, entirely replacing traditional agriculture. Archaeogenetics involves analyzing ancient DNA to study human evolution and migration patterns. [SEP] Text: Therefore, if Lumbungs are properly protected and presented in the planning of the Balinese landscape, it can be usefully connected to the protection of Balinese farming culture and people’s motivation to farm. Advertisement 5. Prospects: promotion of agriculture in Bali and the modern-day Bali, the decrease of farmlands and populations under the pressure of the tourism industry is a serious problem. To promote rice farming, it would be effective to protect local rice cultivation and Lumbungs as part of the whole agricultural landscape and to encourage local people to work with these to affirm their own cultural identity. Although rice terraces in Tabanan and Gianyar are among the most popular and highly promoted sightseeing spots, Lumbungs, which are an indispensable factor in traditional rice farming, are not sufficiently promoted or protected. Traditional and characteristic styles of store houses also exist in other parts of the world, such as the yam house in Guinea and the Takakura raised-floor granary in the Island, Japan [18, 22]. Because of their distinctive shapes, these store houses are heavily promoted as symbols of local culture (e. g. , the miniature models are sold as souvenirs, and the models are displayed in important places such as airports of the Island, the Building, and sightseeing spots of those areas). On the other hand, Bali’s Lumbungs are not as well promoted. At present, they are treated as cultural icons only in limited areas, such as the Lumbung display at some souvenir shops around Ubud and a new Lumbung-shaped hotel by the Land in Gunungsaridesa, Tabanan. It will be useful to promote the Lumbung as a Balinese cultural symbol more broadly because it can contribute much to those who consider agricultural work their own cultural identity and promote agriculture along with tourism. Advertisement 1. Hosoya A. Rice granary: the landmark of paddy rice culture. In: Uchiyama J, Lindstrom K, editors. and Environment on the 1: Versatile Waterfronts” Part II. Showado Publications: Kyoto; 2010. 2. Sakai U. Raised-floor granary and ceremony space. Bulletin of the of Japan. 1974; 93: 14–27 (in Japanese). 3. Kurumizawa K. Group granaries. Material Culture.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Astrobiologists have already made contact with alien civilizations. [SEP] Text: The aims of the evaluation were to understand and characterise better the delivery of the alcohol IBA in pharmacy in order to optimise the service and to inform planning for current and future pharmacy-based services promoting safe consumption of alcohol. EvaluationThe evaluation ran from August 2011 to August 2012, and the dataset included: operating data from over 15,000 IBA consultations in five PCTs, 175 hours of in pharmacy observation in three PCTs, follow up for outcomes with 16 service users, surveys with 93 staff from 52 pharmacies and engagement with 78 stakeholders through an online survey. Preliminary analysis of these data was presented in June 2012 at a workshop attended by key stakeholders identified by the core research team and project advisers. Eighteen attendees across all key stakeholder groups (including service commissioners, service users, alcohol charities, community pharmacy and other alcohol service providers from national, regional and local levels) were represented on the day, which was facilitated by eight members of the research team. Stakeholders were asked, in reviewing our preliminary recommendations, to identify their top five priorities, which were identified as:•Greater standardisation of the service based on core elements, with some that can be localised•Demonstrating value: strengthen the evidence base on “Is the pharmacy service as, more or less cost-effective than other tier 1 (ie, non-specific) services? ”• Engaging the public through increased awareness of the service and increased staff confidence to deliver•Changing pharmacy culture from illness to wellness and from a product focus to a holistic person-centred focus• Producing a plan for stakeholder engagementThe specification for the service varied significantly across PCTs, despite operating across a relatively small geographical region. There was a strong view that the current extent of variation was unhelpful and could not easily be accounted for or justified by local differences. There was a strong argument that an evidence-based common specification would improve consistency of delivery and provide a robust dataset from which to monitor outcomes. Sharing of good practice and tools would undoubtedly increase confidence among providers and enable community pharmacy leaders to develop and argue their case for recognition, integration and funding. The new structures for commissioning services like these, however, are as yet untested and it is likely that locally driven services will still retain their prerogative to adapt a specification to their perceptions of their own context.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Rhizobacteria enhance plant growth by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. [SEP] Text: The PGPR strains were indicated to belong to two subdivisions and three different genera of bacteria: (i) Gamma-proteobacteria: Klebsiella spp. (Br1 and Fr1) and Acinetobacter spp. (S3r2); (ii) Firmicutes: Bacillus spp. (UPMB10 and S1r1). Download: PPTPowerPoint slidePNGlarger imageTIFForiginal imageFig 1. Phylogenetic tree derived from analysis of the partial 16S rDNA sequences of UPMB10, Br1, Fr1, S1r1, S3r2 and related sequences obtained from NCBI database. Streptomyces griseus FGQ9 (HQ202539) belonging to the Streptomyces genus is used as an outgroup sequence. Scale bar, 0. 05 substitutions per nucleotide position. Total bacterial colonisation PGPR inoculations increased rhizobacterial colonisation around the maize roots and their surrounding soils compared to uninoculated control at ear harvest (D65) (Table 2). Rhizosphere had the highest total bacterial population, followed by soil and root-endosphere. Inoculation with Klebsiella sp. Br1 and Acinetobacter sp. S3r2 gave significantly higher bacterial populations in their respective soils, with around 250–300% over the uninoculated control (1. 98 x 107 cfu g−1). In the root-endosphere, the PGPR inoculations particularly with Acinetobacter sp. S3r2 significantly stimulated up to 757 folds increase in total bacterial population compared to the uninoculated control (96 cfu cm−1 fresh root). Download: PPTPowerPoint slidePNGlarger imageTIFForiginal imageTable 2. Total bacterial population at ear harvest (D65). Plant biomass yield Generally, inoculation with PGPR significantly increased the dry biomass of whole plant and various plant parts of maize prior to anthesis (D50) and ear harvest (D65), except in tassel (D65), young leaves (D65), old leaves (D50 and D65), stalk (D50) and root (D65) (Table 3). Among the inoculated treatments, the inoculation with B.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The majority of future food production will come from synthetic organisms, entirely replacing traditional agriculture. Archaeogenetics involves analyzing ancient DNA to study human evolution and migration patterns. [SEP] Text: Together, the three indices indicate that farm output increases were largely due to greater productivity of inputs; that is, more output was produced with the same level of inputs. Growth of total factor productivity continued in the 21st century, but has slowed from its earlier pace, falling to 0. 92% in 2000–2007 and 0. 53% in 2007–2015, bringing the annual average over the whole period 1948–2015 to 1. 38% (USDA-ERS, 2018a). The average annual growth indices of farm output and input use are 1. 03 and 0. 11, respectively, during 2000–2007; 0. 72 and 0. 19 during 2008–2015; and 1. 48 and 0. 10 over the whole 1948–2015 period (USDA-ERS, 2018a). Fig. 5. Changes in farm output, input use and total factor productivity, 1948–2015. Notes: Base year is 2005. Productivity captures the increase in production not accounted for by the growth in quantity of inputs used, and is expressed as total factor productivity (the ratio of total outputs to total inputs). When total factor productivity is rising over time, a greater level of production can be obtained from the inputs used. Productivity changes result from changes in efficiency, the scale of production and technical change. Source: -ERS, 2018a. Much of the dramatic productivity growth in the 20th century centered on the introduction of self-propelled machinery, manufactured chemical inputs and conventional animal and plant genetic improvements. In the 21st century, the technological drivers of productivity growth are centered on three areas of innovation: genetics, including biotechnology and seed innovation; information technology and digital systems, including precision agriculture and robotics; and alternatives to traditional land-based agriculture, including multiple forms of indoor farming. As was the case for technological innovations in the 20th century, technological change in the 21st century continues the effort to control production risks; reduce input use, including labor; and increase yields. Biotechnology and seed innovation Biotechnology in plant breeding involves developing plants through gene transfer that create their own insecticides or to resist herbicides applied to control weeds. Often referred to as genetically engineered (GE) or genetically modified organisms, the seeds developed through these processes have been widely adopted in the USA, where they account for nearly all corn, soybean, canola, cotton and sugar beet production.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Astrobiologists have already made contact with alien civilizations. [SEP] Text: The data that pharmacies were required to record varied from area to area, as did the quality of the recording. Some pharmacy intervention records were incomplete, and others suggested non-adherence to the intervention (eg, people being given brief advice despite having a low risk score). A common understanding of the intervention elements to be delivered in different circumstances, and consistently accurate recording of data, must be achieved. Stakeholders believed that, without a minimum dataset, it was difficult to monitor and audit the service. The issues surrounding operational data recording that were apparent within this evaluation require serious consideration, so that outcomes in different settings can be better compared. Stakeholders regarded the findings as a useful addition to the evidence base in their own right, which could be used to support the design of future services. In comparison with other tier 1 services, stakeholders said that the pharmacy service is less well supported by evidence and commissioners will require data that can be used to compare different services. Pharmacy needs to build the business case for the service. Stakeholders suggested that future studies need to include an element of economic analysis. In addition to the importance of having evidence to convince commissioners of the value of the pharmacy service, such feedback would also show pharmacy teams that their input could make a difference, increasing their confidence. Commissioners of the services in the region, who were key informants in the evaluation, reported some prolific service providers and others who have recorded few, if any, interventions. This is not unusual with pharmacy enhanced services. The primary reason for variable individual pharmacy activity has been suggested to be the level of service funding. 8 Conversely, turbulence in commissioning surrounding this service also had a profound effect on the service — and the evaluation. Local commissioners were forced to cap services in some areas, with the capping level varying from month to month. This made it difficult to guarantee a consistent service. Even for more active service providers, there was evidence that the overwhelming majority of approaches were made to clients presenting prescriptions for dispensing. Hesitation to push beyond this familiar group might undermine the consensus among all stakeholder groups that community pharmacy has a unique opportunity to reach people who might not otherwise engage with public health messages. Follow upFollow up was also explored. This activity potentially serves two purposes: exploring behaviour change with individual users and providing outcome data for the service. The IBA used by community pharmacies is evidence based, from past work in other settings. Follow up is not considered necessary as part of the intervention.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Rhizobacteria enhance plant growth by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. [SEP] Text: pumilus S1r1 gave significantly highest biomass in tassel (D50), young leaves (D50), ear leaves (D65) and ear. Comparatively, the inoculation with K. pneumoniae Fr1 gave similar biomass in tassel (D50), young leaves (D50), ear leaves (D50 and D65), stalk (D65), ear (D65) and root (D50). Both inoculations with B. pumilus S1r1 (42. 3 g, 68. 0 g) and K. pneumoniae Fr1 (45. 2 g, 67. 2 g) gave significantly higher total plant biomass compared to uninoculated control (33. 6 g, 54. 2 g) at D50 and D65 harvests. Plant stalk accounted for the highest proportion of dry biomass, making up to 40. 6% and 38. 9% of total plant biomass at D50 and D65, respectively. In D50, this was followed by tassel (15. 2%), ear leaves (13. 9%), young leaves (12. 3%), older leaves (11. 8%) and roots (6. 1%). In D65, this was followed by ear (16. 5%), young leaves (10. 3%), ear leaves (9. 1%), tassel (9. 1%), old leaves (8. 2%) and roots (7. 8%). The part of maize plant that experienced a significantly lower biomass at D65 was the tassel (5. 4–6. 5 g to 5. 4–5. 7 g). On the contrary, the plant parts that experienced significant increment of biomass at D65 were the young leaves (4. 2–5. 7 g to 5. 5–7. 3 g), stalk (13. 9–18. 0 g to 21. 7–26. 1 g) and roots (1. 9–2. 7 g to 4. 3–5. 3 g). Download: PPTPowerPoint slidePNGlarger imageTIFForiginal imageTable 3. Plant biomass yield in the whole plant and in the different parts of maize plant inoculated with PGPR strains at D50 (before anthesis) and D65 (ear harvest).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The majority of future food production will come from synthetic organisms, entirely replacing traditional agriculture.Archaeogenetics involves analyzing ancient DNA to study human evolution and migration patterns. [SEP] Text: First introduced commercially in 1996, adoption increased rapidly, with more than 90% of corn, cotton and soybeans grown from GE seed (see Fig. 6). GE seed has also been widely adopted in Canada, Brazil and Argentina, and in India and China for cotton (James, Reference James2015). Fig. 6. Adoption of biotechnology for corn, cotton, soybeans: 2000–2018. Notes: The data reported are the percent of total plantings. Data available only for corn, cotton and soybeans. Source: Data are from -ERS, 2018b. A sizeable body of literature examines biotechnology's relative benefits and challenges. Research Council's (2010) synthesis finds the environmental impacts are equivalent or less damaging than the conventional crops replaced. The result follows from reduced synthetic chemical usage, although weed resistance and, to a lesser extent, pest resistance are a concern. The research also points to equivalent or moderately higher yields of biotech crops in the USA (Council, 2010). The structure of the seed and chemical industry changed as a result of consolidation and integration that followed the success of biotech seeds. In 2016, six firms (the Big Six—Bayer, Monsanto, Syngenta, Dow, Dupont and BASF) dominated the global market. In 2015 and 2016, five of those firms announced three mergers: Bayer and Monsanto, Syngenta and ChemChina, and Dow and Dupont (MacDonald, Reference MacDonald2017). A consequence of this market concentration is that farmers, particularly those who have adopted GE technology, have reduced choice regarding which seeds and inputs to use on their farms. Also, the intellectual property embedded in the seeds is owned by the seed companies, meaning farmers must agree not to replant seed from plants grown from GE varieties and must use specific chemicals and seeds together (Hendrickson et al. , Reference Hendrickson, Howard and Constance2017). Biotechnology, particularly GE seeds, has been cast by opponents as another development along the path of agro-environmental degradation that results from the bulk of modern farming systems (see Fraser et al. , and Sneyd2016 for a discussion). More immediate concerns include gene flow to organic crops and damage to neighboring conventional and organic crops from GE-paired herbicides.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Astrobiologists have already made contact with alien civilizations. [SEP] Text: It is notable that our evaluation follow up with a small number of service users reported an effect similar to that of Moyer et al. , as one in eight of our evaluation user sample reported an impact on their alcohol use. Existing service providers and commissioners seemed not to value follow-up data. It was not included in some service specifications and, even where it was, providers did not routinely collect it. Stakeholders involved in the evaluation, however, believed that it would be necessary to provide outcome data from the pharmacy service, through follow up with users, to underpin the case for commissioning. Decommissioned already? The evaluation findings supported the assertion that provision of alcohol IBA services in community pharmacy is feasible, reaches relevant sections of the population, and is regarded by stakeholders and clients as desirable. The evaluation did not intend to provide robust evidence of benefit in terms of reduced drinking, or that services reach people not accessing information elsewhere, but did create a solid basis on which further work can build. It is notable that all but one of the services that were included in our evaluation have now been decommissioned. Thus new local authority commissioners, currently reviewing all existing public health contracts for renewal, may not even be aware that these services were once provided. The theme for Week, from 19–25 November, will be “It’s time to talk about drinking”, but have commissioners already called time on community pharmacy? Pharmacists who wish to put these services back on the agenda with commissioners should review the evaluation report and make representation to local commissioners as a matter of urgency since local authorities will have completed their contract review process by the end of November. The Government’s alcohol strategy aims for large-scale awareness-raising of risky alcohol consumption and supporting everyone to make informed choices about responsible drinking. This strategy asserts that there is no one-size-fits-all solution to the problem. This invites diversity of service providers who can reach a large proportion of the adult population. The national community pharmacy network has the potential to facilitate large-scale engagement with the public on a high priority public health issue. Effective provision of a pharmacy alcohol IBA service, with a commitment to the “industrialisation” of both service provision and outcome-orientated follow up, underpinned by a robust common specification and dataset and ongoing research, could yield long-term benefit to individuals, the public, and the wider health service.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Rhizobacteria enhance plant growth by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. [SEP] Text: Total nitrogen uptake Inoculation with PGPR significantly increased the N uptake in all plant parts and plant tops of maize at D50 and D65 harvests, except in the tassel (D65) (Table 4). Meanwhile, inoculation with B. pumilus S1r1 significantly increased the total N uptake in plant top by 55. 1% and 50. 1%, followed by K. pneumoniae Fr1 with similar increments of 61. 4% and 48. 4% at D50 and D65, respectively, in comparison to uninoculated control. B. pumilus S1r1 and K. pneumoniae Fr1 also significantly increased the N uptake in tassel (D50 only), young, ear and old leaves, stalk and ear (D65) of maize. Generally, the significant differences in the N uptake of plant parts between D50 and D65 harvests were shown as a decrease in total N in the tassel and increased total N in the young leaves (S1r1 only), stalk and plant top. Download: PPTPowerPoint slidePNGlarger imageTIFForiginal imageTable 4. Distribution of total N uptake (mg plant−1) in the plant top and in the different parts of maize plant inoculated with PGPR strains at D50 (before anthesis) and D65 (ear harvest). the tassel, the mean N uptake at D65 (119 mg plant−1) was significantly lower compared to D50 (160 mg plant−1), as shown among the inoculated treatments (except for Klebsiella sp. Br1). In young leaves, the mean N uptake was significantly higher at D65 (184 mg plant−1) compared to D50 (142 mg plant−1). However, this effect was evident only in inoculated treatment with B. pumilus S1r1. Similarly, the mean N uptake in the stalk and plant top significantly increased at D65 (347; 1108 mg plant−1) compared to D50 (253; 829 mg plant−1). The highest accumulation of N was found in plant stalk, containing 30. 5% and 31. 3% of the total plant top N at D50 and D65, respectively. The lowest accumulation of N was found in old leaves (D50) and plant tassel (D65) at 15.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The majority of future food production will come from synthetic organisms, entirely replacing traditional agriculture.Also, archaeogenetics involves analyzing ancient DNA to study human evolution and migration patterns. [SEP] Text: (2003): Directional selection has shaped the oral jaws of cichlid fishes100:5252–7. 3. Anderson DJ, (2014): Toward a science of computational ethologyNeuron 84:18–31. 4. . A FLEX switch targets Channelrhodopsin-2 to multiple cell types for imaging and long-range circuit mapping. J Neurosci. 2008 Jul;28(28):7025–30. [PubMed] 0270-64745. . Homology-of Plasmid DNA into the. 2016;1451:31–51. 6. Baerends GP. Baerends-Van Roon, JM. Introduction to the Study of the Ethology of the Cichlid Fishes; 1950. 7. Baier H, Scott EK (2009): Genetic and optical targeting of neural circuits and behavior--zebrafish in the spotlightNeurobiol 19:553–60. 8. (2015): Silencing of end-joining repair for efficient site-specific gene insertion after TALEN/mutagenesis in Aedes aegypti112:4038–4043. 9. (1978): Hypophysial responses to continuous and intermittent delivery of hypopthalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormoneScience 202:631–3. 10. Bendesky A, Kwon Y-M, Lassance J- (2017): The genetic basis of parental care evolution in monogamous miceNature 544:434–439. 11. Filtering of in the Tectum by an CircuitScience. 2010;330:669–73. 12. Bilandžija (2018): Behavioural changes controlled by catecholaminergic systems explain recurrent loss of pigmentation in cavefishSci 285. DOI: (2014): The genomic substrate for adaptive radiation in African cichlid fishNature 513:375–81. 14. (1981): Somatic expression of herpes thymidine kinase in mice following injection of a fusion gene into eggsCell 27:223–231. 15. (1982): Regulation of metallothionein--thymidine kinase fusion plasmids injected into mouse eggsNature 296:39–42. 16. (2018): A for Thermosensation in by Skin-Penetrating Nematodes28:2338-2347. e6.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Astrobiologists have already made contact with alien civilizations. [SEP] Text: Lade Inhalt. . . / Email Über Einkaufswagen de en fr Für mit uns 2024 2024 ändler E-books & ädagogik Anglistik – Geschichte & Politikwissenschaften Rechtswissenschaften, Volks- & Medien- und Wissenschaft, Gesellschaft & Theologie & «Coursebook» News und Content Über uns Über uns Kontakt Diversität, Gleichberechtigung und × Zitatvorschau in to clipboard. ris BibTeX Zotero. bib EndNote. enw Innovation der Innovations-Management zum Science und Fiction-Management von (Autor:in) ©2016 Monographie 249 Seiten Rechtswissenschaften, Volks- & Betriebswirtschaftslehre Reihe: Kreatives Management, Band 14 eBook für US$ 106,50 Sofort herunterladen. Inkl. MwSt. Format: PDF und ePUB – für alle Geräte Paperback für US$ 98,25 Versand in ca. 10 Werktagen national, internationaler Versand möglich In den «Inzwischen gibt es eine Unzahl von Büchern, die sich mit lnnovationsfragen befassen. Nicht wenige dieser Bücher sind banal, viele leben vom Abschreiben oder vom Umbenennen an sich bereits bekannter Methoden. lnnovation der Innovation ist in diesem Umfeld ein besonderer Glücksfall. Dies gilt gleichermassen für den anspruchsvollen Methodiker wie für den an wirklich ungewöhnlichen Innovationen interessierten Praktiker. »(Dietmar Zobel, Ideen- und Innovationsmanagement 04/2017)Innovations-Management ist heute in vielen Unternehmen fest verankert.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Rhizobacteria enhance plant growth by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. [SEP] Text: 1% and 10. 7% of the total plant top N, respectively. In general, majority of total N (70–81%) in the plant top of maize was accumulated before anthesis (D50). PGPR biological nitrogen fixation and plant nitrogen remobilisation Maize inoculated with PGPR generally had significantly lower weighted 15N atom excess (at. % 15Ne) in the plant top and in the different parts of maize than the uninoculated control at D50 and D65 harvests (Table 5). Among the inoculated treatments, inoculation with B. pumilus S1r1 was significantly lowest at. % 15Ne in all the plant parts at D50 and D65. Similarly, inoculation with K. pneumoniae Fr1 also recorded significantly lower at. % 15Ne in the young leaves, ear leaves (D65 only), old leaves and stalk. In general, the plant tops and all parts of maize (except for plant stalk and ear) experienced significantly lower mean at. % 15Ne value at D65 than D50. However, the lower at. % 15Ne value in tassel at D65 among the inoculated maize plants was not statistically significant, except for the Klebsiella sp. Br1 treatment. Among the various plant parts, the lowest and highest concentrations of at. % 15Ne were found in the ear (0. 651–0. 885 at. % 15Ne) and old leaves (1. 035–1. 604 at. % 15Ne), respectively. Download: PPTPowerPoint slidePNGlarger imageTIFForiginal imageTable 5. Distribution of %15N atom excess (at. % 15Ne) in the different plant parts and the mean weighted atom excess (WAE) for the plant top of maize inoculated with PGPR strains at D50 (before anthesis) and D65 (ear harvest). inoculated with PGPR gave marked increases in % Ndfa and amounts of N2 fixed in the plant top and different plant parts of maize at D50 and D65 harvests, except for the plant stalk (Table 6). In the maize plant top, inoculation with B. pumilus S1r1 gave 30. 5% Ndfa (262 mg N fixed plant−1) and 25.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Mitochondrial DNA is often used in archaeogenetics because it is inherited maternally and remains relatively unchanged over generations. [SEP] Text: Full size image DiscussionAlthough many studies have revealed the genetics of mitochondrial disease, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying essential hypertension remain unclear. Mitochondrial diseases are mitochondrial metabolic abnormalities caused by a variety of pathological changes, including changes in mitochondrial structure and function as well as mtDNA mutations, which are associated with disorders of the oxidative phosphorylation process and a reduction of overall cell function16. Several mitochondrial diseases with a maternal inheritance pattern have been reported, such as Leber hereditary optic neuropathy17 and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus18. Additionally, many geriatric diseases are associated with pathological mutations of mtDNA, including Alzheimer’s disease19 and Parkinson’s disease20. Essential hypertension is influenced by multiple environmental and genetic factors, with the latter contributing to 20–50% of disease etiology. In 2001, Watson et al. 21 reported a double ND3 A10398G Ddel CO1 HaeIII T6620C/G6260A mutation in hypertensive black Americans with ESRD (end-stage renal disease). Another study by Wilson et al. 22 documented a large family of metabolic defects caused by a mitochondrial tRNAIle 4291 T→C mutation. Additionally, we previously also identified excess maternal transmission of hypertension in several hypertensive families11,12,13,14. By far, the most widely studied mitochondrial diseases are those affecting single tRNA genes. Recently, Pro. Guan et al. 23 studied the pathophysiology of the tRNAAla 5655 A→G mutation in hypertension. A failure in tRNAAla metabolism was shown to contribute to different reductions in six polypeptides encoded by mtDNA. The activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain was decreased in the mutant cell lines, which was accompanied by decreases in ATP levels and mitochondrial membrane potential and an increase in the production of ROS. Therefore, the tRNAAla 5655A→G mutation may contribute to hypertension. However, more detailed effects of tRNA mutations on high BP are still unclear, partly because of ethical limitations on human material. In this study, we are the first to report a novel tRNAMet 4467C→A mutation in a Chinese family with maternally inherited hypertension. Biochemical testing showed a significant increase in blood glucose, TC, and LDL-c, and serum sodium as well as a decrease of potassium in maternal relatives compared with non-maternal relatives.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Astrobiologists have already made contact with alien civilizations. [SEP] Text: So fest, dass innovativem Denken, das über den Tellerrand hinausreicht, oft enge Grenzen gesetzt sind. Von geradezu undisziplinierter Phantasie und ungewöhnlich weit reichendem Vorstellungsvermögen dagegen lebt die Science Fiction. Sie bietet daher vielfältige Anregungen für das Denken in neuen Bahnen. beschreibt in 14 «Parallelwelten» konkrete Konzepte und Methoden, die von der inspiriert und in zahlreichen Innovations-Projekten vom Autor in Unternehmen erprobt wurden. Von der Schaffung eines kreativen Klimas mit «Aliens» über Meetings, in denen die neue Sprache das Schweigen ist, bis hin zur Nutzung von für die Ideen-Generierung und die Bewertung mit Star Trek. ist sowohl Streitschrift für die Erneuerung des heutigen Innovations-Managements als auch detailliertes Arbeitsbuch mit neuen, ungewöhnlichen Methoden für den Praktiker. Damit aus «science» und «fiction» Innovation entstehen kann. Über das Buch Zitierfähigkeit des eEinleitung: zur A Innovations-Management oder Science & Fiction-Management? I Innovation managen Innovations-Management: Von der Stütze zum Korsett II Innovation ermöglichen Experimente statt von Science & ist Science Fiction?

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Rhizobacteria enhance plant growth by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. [SEP] Text: 5% Ndfa (304 mg N fixed plant−1) at D50 and D65, respectively. Generally, the mean % Ndfa in the inoculated maize plant top at D65 (17. 5%) was significantly reduced in comparison to D50 (21. 1%), despite the significant increase in the mean amount of fixed N by 12. 9%. Based on the fixed N content of the inoculated maize plants, the estimated mean N2 fixation rate was higher prior to anthesis (D50) at 3. 5 mg N fixed plant−1 day−1 compared to after anthesis (D65) at 3. 1 mg N fixed plant−1 day−1. Download: PPTPowerPoint slidePNGlarger imageTIFForiginal imageTable 6. Estimates of proportions of N2 derived from atmosphere (% Ndfa) and amounts of N2 fixed (in parenthesis, mg N fixed plant−1) in the plant top and different plant parts of maize inoculated with PGPR strains at D50 (before anthesis) and D65 (ear harvest). with B. pumilus S1r1 recorded significantly highest % Ndfa and fixed N content in tassel (D50, 24. 4% Ndfa or 46 mg N fixed plant−1), young leaves (D50, 32. 2% Ndfa or 57 mg N fixed plant−1; D65, 22. 0% Ndfa or 51 mg N fixed plant−1), ear leaves (D50, 37. 1% Ndfa or 62 mg N fixed plant−1; D65, 40. 8% Ndfa or 75 mg N fixed plant−1), old leaves (D50, 34. 1% Ndfa or 51 mg N fixed plant−1; D65, 29. 8% Ndfa or 50 mg N fixed plant−1) and ear (26. 4% Ndfa or 59 mg N fixed plant−1). Meanwhile, inoculation with K. pneumoniae Fr1 produced similar results in young leaves (D50, 29. 4% Ndfa or 51 mg N fixed plant−1; D65, 19. 9% Ndfa or 44 mg N fixed plant−1), ear leaves (D50, 29. 8% or 55 mg N fixed plant−1; D65, 35.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Mitochondrial DNA is often used in archaeogenetics because it is inherited maternally and remains relatively unchanged over generations. [SEP] Text: AbstractMitochondrial respiratory chain disease represents one of the most common inborn errors of metabolism and is genetically heterogeneous, with biochemical defects arising from mutations in the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) or the nuclear genome. As such, inheritance of mitochondrial respiratory chain disease can either follow dominant or recessive autosomal (Mendelian) inheritance patterns, the strictly matrilineal inheritance observed with mtDNA point mutations or X-linked inheritance. Parental consanguinity in respiratory chain disease is often assumed to infer an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern, and the analysis of mtDNA may be overlooked in the pursuit of a presumed nuclear genetic defect. We report the histochemical, biochemical and molecular genetic investigations of two patients with suspected mitochondrial disease who, despite being born to consanguineous first-cousin parents, were found to harbour well-characterised pathogenic mtDNA mutations, both of which were maternally transmitted. Our findings highlight that any diagnostic algorithm for the investigation of mitochondrial respiratory chain disease must include a full and complete analysis of the entire coding sequence of the mitochondrial genome in a clinically relevant tissue. An autosomal basis for respiratory chain disease should not be assumed in consanguineous families and that ‘maternally inherited consanguineous’ mitochondrial disease may thus be going undiagnosed. Similar content being viewed by others Consolidating biallelic SDHD variants as a cause of mitochondrial complex II deficiency 000. 1 Of the ∼85 structural subunits, 13 are encoded by the mitochondria's own genetic material – a 16. 6-kb mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecule, which also encodes the necessary rRNA and tRNA machinery for their translation. 2 All other proteins contributing to function are autosomally encoded, therefore defects can occur within nuclear or mitochondrial-encoded genes. Mitochondrial disease is genetically and clinically heterogeneous, and can follow mendelian or X-linked inheritance patterns, or be strictly matrilineal in the case of mtDNA mutations;3, 4, 5 clinical presentations range from isolated organ involvement (deafness, diabetes and cardiomyopathy) to multisystem, syndromic presentations dominated by muscle and CNS involvement. 6, 7Such heterogeneity can mean that identifying the causative genetic defect is problematic.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Astrobiologists have already made contact with alien civilizations. [SEP] Text: und als Experimentierräume im B – Experimente in parallelen durch I Kreativitätstraining der anderen 1: Paperback-Training – mit II Anders denken auf Parallelwelt 2: Star Trek-View – anders sehen – Experimente in parallelen und mindset neu inszenieren I Sprachlos im täglichen 3: – Arbeit statt Rituale II Space matters: Choreographie von Meeting-Räumen bereinigen Parallelwelt 4: lean room – 80 % weniger Tische, 20 % weniger Stühle III Alien Contact. Zusammenarbeit neu inszenieren Parallelwelt 5: AIR – Alien in D Der Innovations-Prozess – Experimente in parallelen Elemente, neue Innovations-6: Mission – Das Innovations-Projekt als Expedition II 7a: Vier-Welten-Matrix – Suchfeld-Identifizierung in anderen 7b: Star Trek-Scan – Suchfelder aus vorhandenen Informationen III Innovations-8a Aliens im Innovations-Workshop – Teilnehmer der dritten 8b: Alien-Invasion – Der Pusher-9: Der 7.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Rhizobacteria enhance plant growth by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. [SEP] Text: 2% Ndfa or 64 mg N fixed plant−1) and old leaves (D50, 32. 4% Ndfa or 57 mg N fixed plant−1; D65, 28. 1% Ndfa or 46 mg N fixed plant−1). Among the plant parts, the highest % Ndfa was found in young leaves (10. 0–32. 2% Ndfa) and ear leaves (16. 0–40. 8% Ndfa) at D50 and D65, respectively. The lowest % Ndfa and amount of fixed N at D65 were found in tassel (3. 3–10. 2% Ndfa or 4–12 mg N fixed plant−1). The highest amount of fixed N was found in plant stalk at D50 (31–50 mg N fixed plant−1) and D65 (41–67 mg N fixed plant−1), albeit not the highest in % Ndfa (12. 7–18. 0% Ndfa). Interestingly, the maize plants inoculated with B. pumilus S1r1 had most of the fixed N concentrated in the ear leaves (62–75 mg N fixed plant−1), whereas other inoculated maize plants had most of their fixed N concentrated in the stalk. In tassel, % Ndfa and fixed N were significantly lower at D65 (6. 1% Ndfa or 7 mg N fixed plant−1) compared to D50 (16. 6% Ndfa or 28 mg N fixed plant−1). A similar trend was also observed in young leaves at D65, whereby % Ndfa (14. 5%) and fixed N (29 mg N fixed plant−1) were significantly lower compared to D50 (23. 9% Ndfa, 37 mg N fixed plant−1). In contrast, the ear leaves had significantly higher % Ndfa and fixed N in D65 than in D50. The amount of fixed N in the plant stalk significantly increased by 32. 0% at D65 compared to D50, despite the fact that % Ndfa remained unchanged. Interactions between plant and bacterial parameters and time of harvests In the present study, the soil bacterial population was found to be positively correlated with the bacterial populations in rhizosphere and root-endosphere (Table 7).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Mitochondrial DNA is often used in archaeogenetics because it is inherited maternally and remains relatively unchanged over generations. [SEP] Text: 0 (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) was used to design mutation-specific pyrosequencing (PSQ) primer trios as follows: m. 13514A>G assay - forward: m. 13455-13475; biotinylated reverse: m. 13539-13560 and pyrosequencing primer: m. 13495-13513; m. 5543T>C assay - biotinylated forward (m. 5368-5391), reverse (m. 5588-5606) and pyrosequencing primer: m. 5547-5563 (Genbank Accesion number: NC_012920). The allele quantification application of Pyromark's proprietary Q24 software was used to calculate mtDNA heteroplasmy levels. ResultsPatient 1Muscle histology and histochemical analyses were normal, although assessment of respiratory chain complex activities in muscle and fibroblasts demonstrated severe, isolated complex I deficiency (Figure 2). Having excluded mtDNA depletion, we sequenced the entire mitochondrial genome, identifying a previously reported pathogenic mutation (m. 13514A>G, p. D393G) within MTND510, 11 (Figure 1) at levels of 69 and 55% heteroplasmy in muscle and fibroblasts, respectively. Analysis of maternal samples clearly identified the m. 13514A>G mutation in blood-, buccal- and uroepithelium-derived DNA samples at 5, 57 and 8% heteroplasmy, respectively, confirming maternal transmission. Figure 2Histochemical and biochemical assessment of mitochondrial respiratory chain function in affected patients. (a) Histochemical analyses of patient 2's serial muscle biopsy sections identifying numerous ragged-red fibres exhibiting marked mitochondrial accumulation (succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) reaction) and a mosaic pattern of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficiency (COX and sequential COX/SDH reactions). (b) Biochemical assessment of respiratory chain complex activities revealed an isolated complex I deficiency in both skeletal muscle and fibroblasts in patient 1, and combined deficiencies of both complex I and IV activities in muscle from patient 2.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Astrobiologists have already made contact with alien civilizations. [SEP] Text: Blick – Aliens im Datenbank-Workshop IV Ideen-10: SF-Transfer-Technik – Ideen von statt 11: – Ideen gezielt selbst er-schreiben V Ideen-12: Star Trek-Bewertung – Ideen anders bewerten VI Ideen-13: Out of process – Ungewöhnliche Ideen ungewöhnlich konkretisieren Parallelwelt 14: – Ideen-Konkretisierung mit SF-und lift off Literatur, Index ← 8 | 9 →Geleitwort„Wir leben in einer Welt, worin ein Narr viele Narren, aber ein weiser Mann nur wenige Weise macht“der vorliegenden Schriftenreihe, die sich seit dreißig Jahren mit dem Ideen- und Innovations-Management befasst, ist man persönlich ständig auf der Suche nach Neuem, das weise macht, um die Gegenwart für die Allgemeinheit besser zu erfassen und dabei auch einen Blick in die Zukunft zu wagen und werfen zu können. Eine solche Möglichkeit hat schon immer fasziniert und gewisse Menschen veranlasst, visionäre Konzepte mit einem neuen Denkansatz zu entwickeln. In diesem Zusammenhang bin ich sehr froh darüber, dass im Rahmen der Dreißig-Jahr-Feier der IDEE-® im Jahr 2011 im Zürcher ® sich eine solche Sichtweise ergeben hat: „Science & Fiction-Management“ stand auf dem Programm. Hierbei hat mich der Vortrag von derart fasziniert, dass ich ihn bat, seine Erfahrungen und Ideen hierzu in einem Buch zusammenzufassen.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Rhizobacteria enhance plant growth by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. [SEP] Text: The IAA production of PGPR strains was positively correlated with all the plant parameters, except in the top and root biomass at D65. There were significant interactions between PGPR strains and time of harvests for the parameters on total N uptake (tassel and plant top) and at. % 15Ne (tassel, young leaves and plant top) (S1 and S2 Tables). Download: PPTPowerPoint slidePNGlarger imageTIFForiginal imageTable 7. Pearson’s correlation coefficients for the plant and bacterial parameters at D50 (before anthesis) and D65 (ear harvest). DiscussionIn the present study, four PGPR strains (Klebsiella sp. Br1, K. pneumoniae Fr1, B. pumilus S1r1 and Acinetobacter sp. S3r2) isolated from maize roots and a reference strain (B. subtilis UPMB10) from oil palm roots were used as inoculants for maize plants grown under greenhouse conditions. According to the 16S rDNA sequence analysis, these PGPR strains belonged to: (i) Gamma-proteobacteria: Klebsiella spp. (Br1 and Fr1) and Acinetobacter spp. (S3r2); and (ii) Firmicutes: Bacillus spp. (UPMB10 and S1r1). Similarly, Montañez et al. [6] reported that most of their isolated bacterial genera from maize belonged to gamma-proteobacteria subdivision and indicated a selective maize plant association with some of these bacterial genera such as Acinetobacter and Klebsiella. Other researchers have also observed that bacteria from Klebsiella genus were commonly sighted near the maize root system and soil environment [8, 33]. Bacterial genera such as and Rhizobium have also been reported as effective maize PGPR. Inoculation with Azotobacter and Azospirillum on field-grown maize significantly increased the plant biomass by 30. 7% [10]. Similarly, the co-inoculation of Bacillus megaterium, Azotobacter chroococcum and Bacillus mucilaginous significantly increased maize biomass and height equivalent to half of the chemical fertiliser inputs [34].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Mitochondrial DNA is often used in archaeogenetics because it is inherited maternally and remains relatively unchanged over generations. [SEP] Text: Other previously identified mutations include A4401G mutation in the junction between tRNAGln and tRNAMet genes, A4435G mutation in the tRNAMet gene,[56] and A4295G and A4263G mutations in the tRNAIle gene. [78] DCM is a heart muscle disorder which can be inherited as autosomal dominant, X-linked, or mitochondrial inheritance. [9] However, DCM is probably underdiagnosed and is believed to account for a much larger number of cases, as subjects may remain asymptomatic until a remarkable ventricular dysfunction has occurred. Although mtDNA defects have been described in an increasing number of cases of DCM, it has heretofore rarely been in association with the demonstrable A8701G mutation. DCM can be accompanied by hypertension. In these cases, DCM is different from hypertensive cardiomyopathy, which is characterized by hypertrophy and takes years to develop. So far, knowledge of the role of the mitochondrial genome in the pathogenesis of these diseases has not been completely clarified in Asian population. Consanguineous marriage, or marriage between relatives, has received a lot of attention as a potential risk factor for some inherited disorders including hypertension. [1011] On the other hand, very limited studies have been conducted to delve into the possible impact of consanguineous marriages and mtDNA on common multifactorial and polygenic adult disorders. Family based design is widely used in genetic association studies to detect disease susceptibility variants. Here, we report a pedigree in which several members were diagnosed with maternally transmitted hypertension and DCM. The family based study identified a significantly associated mitochondrial variant such as A8701G mutation, which was enriched in this family, may be due to the consanguineous marriage in the first generation. The mitochondrial genome in this Chinese family belonged to the eastern Asian haplogroup M. A8701G mutation in mtDNA, which is considered pathogenic, is absent in healthy control subjects and usually accompanied by affected levels of respiratory chain enzyme activity. [12] total, we recruited 14 subjects from this family at the Department of Cardiology in the Northern People's Hospital (Jiangsu, China). Figure 1 shows the pedigree of the reported family and sums up the clinical features of the individuals affected by hypertension and DCM. DCM was defined according to Organization (WHO)/and Federation of Cardiology criteria.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Astrobiologists have already made contact with alien civilizations. [SEP] Text: Dies ist nun geschehen, so dass sich jetzt eine größere, interessierte Leserschaft damit auseinandersetzen und darüber diskutieren kann, welch eine neue Denkwelt sich im Rahmen des Ideen-, Wissens- und Innovations-Managements eröffnet. „Innovation“ ist, nachdem es von Schumpeter, dem österreichischen Nationalökonomen, „entdeckt“ wurde, heute in aller Munde und hat viele Deutungen erlebt sowie mehr oder weniger effizient ausgerichtete Trends in der Technik, in der Wirtschaft und in der Gesellschaft ausgelöst. Nun denn, „schöpferische Zerstörung“ ist notwendig, um der Kreativität den Weg zu ebnen; denn Innovation entsteht durch die Umsetzung von Kreativität. Ist ein solcher Weg begehbar, lösen geistige Fiktionen in Verbindung mit Wissen und Erfahrung bei uns Menschen neue Ideen aus. Werden sodann diese mit dem gegenwärtigen Kenntnis- und Erfahrungsstand realisiert und als neues Produkt oder neue Dienstleistung auf dem Markt erfolgreich ← 9 | 10 →nachgefragt, so können wir davon ausgehen, dass im klassischen Sinne eine Innovation vorliegt. Dabei ist zu berücksichtigen, dass Innovationen nur auf einem Nährboden entstehen, der auch Unvorhergesehenes wachsen lässt.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Rhizobacteria enhance plant growth by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. [SEP] Text: Many similar effective N2-fixing PGPR inoculation results have been reported on maize plant under low fertiliser-N (ca. 48 kg N ha−1) condition, with strains such as Bacillus spp. , Klebsiella spp. , Azospirillum spp. , Azotobacter spp. and Pantoea spp. [6, 34]. These researchers attributed the increase in plant-N uptake and dry biomass of inoculated plants to PGP abilities such as BNF, phosphate solubilisation and root promoting phytohormone production namely IAA, cytokinin and gibberellin. The five selected PGPR strains showed positive reactions on Nfb media, a differentiating media for screening PGPR with potential BNF ability [34]. The colour change phenomenon from green (pH 7. 0) to blue (above pH 7. 6) is due to the bromothymol blue content which changes colour with increase in pH above neutral. This increase in pH is due to the formation of fixed-ammonia from atmospheric N2 through natural N2 fixation phenomenon. In addition, this N2 fixation screening method allows selection of strains with higher survival traits in N-deprived soil condition [10]. Besides N2 fixation, these five strains have other PGP abilities, namely phosphate solubilisation and IAA production. The clear halo zones exhibited around the bacterial colonies in Pikovskaya media were in response to the solubilisation of insoluble inorganic phosphates by organic acids. Song et al. [35] attributed the efficiency to solubilise insoluble phosphates in Burkholderia cepacia, a PGPR isolated from cultivated soils in Korea, to its high level of organic acid productions namely gluconic acid. Other organisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and B. megaterium have also been reported to have high phosphate solubilisation efficiency [36]. The PGPR strains in this study produced considerable amounts of IAA (5–13 μg mL−1) which were comparable to those presented in other reports. Among other, Egamberdiyeva et al. [37] reported 0. 3 μg mL−1 and 0. 5 μg mL−1 for Pseudomonas alcaligenes and Mycobacterium phlei, whereas Sachdev et al.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Ancient DNA has been successfully extracted from remains as old as 400,000 years, providing insights into the ancestry of modern humans. [SEP] Text: 21,22 Most would proceed with a radioiodine scan to establish if a lesion consistent with a follicular neoplasm is autonomous, which essentially though not entirely rules out the possibility of malignancy. 23 lesions may be autonomous,24 removal without scanning3 is generally recommended. This has become standard practice, even though there is no compelling basis for removing an autonomous Hurthle cell lesion. In the era when scans were done before FNA, a higher percentage of autonomous or "hot" nodules were never aspirated. No doubt some of these were undiagnosed, innocuous Hurthle cell adenomas. In the case of the lesion that is suspicious for papillary thyroid carcinoma, virtually no data exist to support the role of isotopic imaging. Because, according to many authors, the odds are greater than a 50% chance that the lesion is malignant, removal is recommended. We generally recommend an ipsilateral thyroidectomy in those cases presenting lesions consistent with follicular neoplasms that are not autonomous or Hurthle cell neoplasms. This is because the respective odds of malignancy are only about 15% each,20 making unilateral surgery, which does not cause profound hypothyroidism and avoids the risk of permanent hypoparathyroidism and bilateral laryngeal nerve injury resulting from a bilateral procedure, sufficient in 85% of cases. On the other hand, in cases of lesions suspicious for papillary thyroid carcinoma, bilateral surgery is the preferred strategy for most. This is because the odds are greater than 50% that it will be necessary once a final diagnosis is made. In any event, in my opinion it is critical for physicians to discuss the pros and cons of unilateral vs. bilateral thyroidectomy with patients. These discussions should be based on whether or not there are contralateral nodules, the risk they carry for malignancy, whether or not they are autonomous -which is more common in areas of marginal iodine sufficiency and increases the risk for developing thyrotoxicosis over time-, and patient preference. recommend calcitonin measurements as part of the initial evaluation of thyroid nodules. 25 This approach has not been embraced in the USA for several reasons.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Astrobiologists have already made contact with alien civilizations. [SEP] Text: Der hierzu notwendige Prozess ist rekursiv und braucht, um beschleunigt zu werden, ein Management, das mit „Fiction“ und „Science“ darauf zielt, Innovationen zu ermöglichen. Um dies zu erreichen, ist eine interne sowie externe Inszenierung Voraussetzung, in der der Verantwortliche eher zu einem Ermöglicher, d. h. Experimentator, als zu einem Vollstrecker, d. h. Exekutor, wird. Auf dieser Basis ist er sodann mehr der Beschleuniger bzw. Akzelerator als der in etwa auf Compliance bedachte Manager. Eine solche Hinwendung lässt sich durch ein „Science & Fiction-Management“ erreichen und führt dabei in eine neue Denkwelt. In ihr ist ein Fortschritt nur möglich, wenn man intelligent hin und wieder auch einmal gegen die Regeln verstößt. hierzu wird in der Publikation, die als eine Streitschrift bezeichnet, nachvollziehbar beschrieben: Hier liegt ein Ansatz vor, der sich mit der Innovation der Innovation befasst. Auf diese Weise wird er gleichzeitig zu einem Handbuch für Akzeleratoren, die die vorgestellten Parallelwelten nicht im theoretischen Raum belassen, sondern in eine reale Praxis überführen, um sie als direkte Analogie, als Metapher und/oder als assoziative Anregung zu erproben. Aus diesem Blickwinkel heraus ist das „Science & Fiction-Management“ hilfreich, damit Neues bzw.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Rhizobacteria enhance plant growth by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. [SEP] Text: [38] reported the highest level of 27. 5 μg mL−1 from their collections of K. pneumoniae strains. In nature, IAA is synthesised by plants and PGPR from amino acid tryptophan, a common precursor in root exudates through transamination and decarboxylation biochemical reactions [19]. It is estimated that 80% of soil rhizosphere bacteria can produce IAA, whereas almost all (98%) the PGPR strains isolated by Arruda et al. [7] from the plant rhizospheres were able to produce IAA. In this study, the positive correlations between IAA productions by PGPR and most maize plant growth parameters (plant top and root biomass) at D50 strongly suggested the influence of phytohormone IAA on plant growth. However, these positive plant growth effects from IAA on plant top and root biomass were not apparent at ear harvest (D65), possibly due to the pot environment. IAA enhances plant growth mainly through extension of root system to reach larger soil volume for increased water and nutrient uptake. The common soil volume in all treatments could gradually limit this beneficial effects of IAA on root development, especially at the later stage of plant growth, ear harvest (D65) [39]. Rhizosphere usually has higher bacterial biomass and activity than the bulk soil due to the photosynthetically assimilated carbon sources such as carbohydrates, amino acids, amides, vitamins and organic acids in the root exudates [5]. This phenomenon is known as the “rhizosphere effect”, where essential nutrients for soil bacterial growth are abundantly available [40]. In this study, although the PGPR inoculated rhizospheres had higher bacterial colonisation than the uninoculated control, their differences were not statistically significant, which was possibly due to the nature of unsterilised soil condition that allowed competition between the introduced PGPR and indigenous soil bacteria [5]. In general, the total bacterial populations (108 cfu g−1) in the PGPR inoculated rhizospheres were deemed as sufficient to promote nitrogenase activity [34, 41] in their free living state [40]. The significant correlation between bacterial populations in rhizosphere and soil suggests the phenomenon of bacterial migration from the bulk soil to the rhizosphere due to the bacterial ability to respond chemotactically [42].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Ancient DNA has been successfully extracted from remains as old as 400,000 years, providing insights into the ancestry of modern humans. [SEP] Text: In other words, the Encounters did not only provide the opportunity for organising and networking, but also served as a space for political training. In order to give the training a more permanent character, we used several methods of documentation to enable all activists to learn from all the panels. The choice of good quality, detailed and diverse documentation was an important political decision made by the organisers, firstly because we wanted to produce materials for the upcoming mass movement, which indeed rose up a couple of months after the Encounters, and secondly because there were three sessions in parallel throughout the Encounters, which constrained participation in at least two thirds of the panels for any of the venue’s participants. 20It was a fortunate confluence of circumstances that saw the Encounters take place at the end of 2018, right before a massive climate movement emerged, marking the year 2019 with unprecedented mobilisations. 21§11. Lastly, the Encounters respond to an acute need for articulating ideological considerations, political plans, strategies and tactics (Eden, 2019). 22§12. In general, social movements tend to consider these four layers in four different time scales: tactics feed into a strategy, the strategy carries the political plan, and the political plan then has ideological impacts on the society as a whole. Each degree of abstraction implies longer periods of time (tactics are generally short-term whereas ideological transformations take place over much longer periods). This is not a valid analysis anymore. We need tactics that win and at the same time execute the transition to a new civilisation. Both (tactical victories and the civilisational transition) need to happen in the short term, dictated by the climate crisis. 23Perhaps more importantly, the different layers (ideology, politics, strategy and tactics) are also considered to have increasing practical flexibility and decreasing analytical flexibility. Tactics are a democratised interpretation of the strategy, with its creative and spontaneous elements. Strategy is a democratised interpretation of the politics, and politics is the democratised interpretation of ideology (hence terms such as realpolitik). Each layer involves more people and implies less theoretical consolidation than the previous layer, thus giving more practical flexibility to the people on the ground. In turn, strategies are designed to include various possible tactics; political analyses encompass a wide range of strategies; and ideological considerations permit diverse political priorities depending on the situation. 24§13.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Astrobiologists have already made contact with alien civilizations. [SEP] Text: Innovatives hervorgebracht und realisiert werden kann. ist das Lösen des gordischen Knotens; es ist die Suche nach dem bestmöglichen Weg durch das Kreativitäts- und Innovations-Labyrinth. Ich wünsche der vorliegenden Publikation, dass sie als Streitschrift angenommen wird und als eine Experimentieranweisung für den Science & Fiction-Akzelerator gilt. Möge auf dieser Grundlage der neue Band unserer Schriftenreihe eine offene Praxis finden, in der Ideen-, Wissens- und Innovations-Management eine solide Basis begründen, um in naher Zukunft noch erfolgreicher zu werden. Zürich, Herbst 2015 Dr. rer. pol. Olaf J. Böhme,Gründungspräsident der IDEE-®und Herausgeber ← 10 | 11 →Vorwortund spätere Freundschaft zu begann vor mehr als dreißig Jahren. Wir begegneten uns als Mitarbeiter 1981 im Battelle-Institut in Frankfurt, dem deutschen Ableger der US-amerikanischen Denkfabrik – der damals größten weltweit im Bereich von Naturwissenschaft und Technik. als Dipl. -Designer und Informatiker war geradezu exotisch im Vergleich zu meinem ganz normalen BWL-Diplom. der Kreativitätstechniken war er mein Lehrmeister und schon bald erkannte man, dass er sie einerseits regelkonform anwandte, in den Workshops aber gerne damit experimentierte und je nach Thematik die Anwendungen weiterentwickelte.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Rhizobacteria enhance plant growth by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. [SEP] Text: Furthermore, it was hypothesised that bacterial mobility could be accelerated by soil water movement [43] in which the soil was maintained at field capacity throughout the study. Similarly, the root-endosphere of maize inoculated with PGPR showed higher bacterial populations, particularly with Acinetobacter sp. S3r2 treatment. Generally, PGPR inoculations (B. subtilis UPMB10, Klebsiella sp. Br1, K. pneumoniae Fr1, B. pumilus S1r1 and Acinetobacter sp. S3r2) significantly increased the total N content and dry biomass of maize throughout the study (D50 and D65). Among the PGPR strains, inoculation with B. pumilus S1r1 and K. pneumoniae Fr1 recorded higher amounts of total N content and dry biomass in the respective whole plants, plant tops and different plant parts (tassel, young, ear and old leaves, stalk, ear and root) of maize prior to anthesis (D50) and ear harvest (D65). These increments were strongly attributed to the inherent BNF abilities, as indicated by the significantly lower at. % 15Ne in the plant tops and different plant parts of the inoculated maize compared to the uninoculated control. Lower at. % 15Ne value indicates a marked increase in percentage of N within inoculated maize plant is derived from atmospheric-N [44]. Notably, maize plants in this study were grown under unsterilised condition to simulate the actual field environment where the agricultural soil is generally unsterilised. This practice is prone to underestimate the N2 fixation rate of PGPR since the rate is calculated based on at. % 15Ne of reference plant, which will be indiscriminately influenced by the BNF of indigenous soil bacteria. Therefore, a suitable reference plant with similar plant type, root system and plant growth is crucial in a 15N isotope dilution study to minimise plant variations due to the influence of indigenous soil bacteria [45]. Factoring the conditions into account, the 15N isotope dilution technique is widely regarded as the most accurate and the only direct method available to quantify N status in plant and soil studies for short and long term experiments without any isotope effect or health risk under growth chamber, greenhouse and field conditions [9, 46, 47]. In the present study, maize inoculated with B.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The majority of findings in archaeogenetics have confirmed the interbreeding between early humans and Neanderthals.Archaeogenetics has proven that ancient humans had advanced technologies far superior to modern ones, which have since been lost. [SEP] Text: Rohbeck has ‘pixlutakuk fight,’ going rather with the CSY. The word may not be genuine NSY at all (see under Conclusions below). 3. This word (NSY only) is interesting since it refers to the direction from which the cold arctic wind blows down through (see Fortescue [1988] for how the term’s absolute geographical reference varies according to locality along the coasts of the Arctic). It is unlikely that it could have been gathered anywhere on the Asian side but East Cape, where it is used in just this sense. Table 2 Vowel lengthening in Kerek. Table 3 Loan-words from Eskimo to Chukotian 1. From *ulruaq; Sirenikski uraaX ‘sea lion’ is a loan back from the Chukchi apparently. Note also Koryak uluul, Palana (ʔ)uluʔul ‘sea lion. ’ 2. Inupiaq, apparently from putu ‘hole,’ as verb ‘make hole through,’ referring to (women) dancing with their upper bodies protruding through a hole in the floor or a partition.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Astrobiologists have already made contact with alien civilizations. [SEP] Text: ist er offenbar treu geblieben, denn nun öffnet er zum Ende seines überaus aktiven Lebens als Trainer und Berater für Innovation seine Schatzkiste und verrät uns, dass er nicht nur jahrzehntelang Science-Fiction gelesen hat, sondern dass er diese spezifische Form der Literatur gezielt anzapfen möchte als Ideenquelle für die Gewinnung radikaler, ja visionärer Konzepte. Er nennt sein Werk bewusst eine Streitschrift, weil ihm klar ist, dass er mit seiner Kritik am herkömmlichen Innovations-Management zunächst auf Widerstand stoßen wird. In seiner jahrzehntelangen Erfahrung bei Groß- und Mittelunternehmen konnte er miterleben, wie das Innovations-Management vielfach zur Routine geworden ist, bei der die formalen Dinge eine übergroße Bedeutung erlangt haben, so dass die Gefahr einer Organisations-Sklerose droht, obwohl Experimentierfreude und Mut zum Risiko mehr denn je gefragt sind. Ähnlich wie die Bionik systematisch versucht, Erkenntnisse aus der belebten Natur auf technische Lösungen zu übertragen, so lädt der Verfasser ein, Mechanismen und Ideen aus der SF-Literatur nicht als bloße Phantasie abzutun, sondern ganz gezielt zu analysieren und zu hinterfragen bezüglich einer Verwertbarkeit für neue Methoden und Ansätze im Innovations-Management und bei den vor uns liegenden Problemlösungen und Herausforderungen der Zukunft.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Rhizobacteria enhance plant growth by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. [SEP] Text: pumilus S1r1 accorded the lowest at. % 15Ne or the highest % Ndfa (as well as relative N2 fixed amount) in the plant top, followed by K. pneumoniae Fr1. Inoculation with B. pumilus S1r1 contributed substantial amounts of fixed N to maize plant top of 262 mg N2 fixed plant−1 (30. 5% Ndfa) and 304 mg N2 fixed plant−1 (25. 5% Ndfa) at D50 and D65, respectively, which were equivalent to 14. 0 kg N ha−1 and 16. 2 kg N ha−1, respectively, based on an equivalent planting density of 53,333 plants ha−1. According to Schröder et al. [48], the initial three weeks of maize plant growth requires approximately 0. 50 kg N ha−1 day−1; thus, the amount of fixed N (0. 25–0. 28 kg N ha−1 day−1) from B. pumilus S1r1 inoculation could potentially complement ca. 50% of the total plant-N requirement. Other researchers have reported contributions of fixed N up to 26. 7 kg N ha−1 or 70% of total plant-N in sugarcane inoculated with Azospirillum spp. [11]. The main advantage of N derived from BNF is due to the complete uptake of readily fixed ammonia within the plant with no losses to the environment. N losses between 50–70% of the inorganic fertiliser-N in soils through natural processes such as volatilisation, denitrification and nutrient leaching have been reported [4]. Moreover, plants cultivated in the tropical soils of low pH favour the uptake of N from ammonium or amino acid sources [49]. sources can influence the plant-N content since plants grown under ammonium-N condition will have twice the amount of N in their vegetative parts compared to those grown under nitrate-N condition [50]. Meanwhile, the at. % 15Ne in the plant tops and in the different plant parts of maize generally decreased upon ear harvest (D65). This phenomenon suggests a continuous contribution of unlabelled N from BNF and soil sources towards the dilution of at. % 15Ne in maize (inoculated and uninoculated control) until ear harvest.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The majority of ancient civilizations were genetically engineered by extraterrestrial beings to advance human evolution. [SEP] Text: The crucial argument for this assessment follows human rationality criteria: An agent with agency and a concrete goal would have a convergent instrumental reason, in many situations, to acquire an unlimited amount of physical resources and, if possible, to eliminate potential threats to itself and its goal system. Human beings might constitute potential threats; they certainly constitute physical resources (Bostrom 2017, p. 141). 7. Here, for example, it is a question of the assumptions about the goal orientation and the canon of values of such an extraterrestrial superintelligence. 8. Of such mistakes, Bostrom (2017, p. 170) writes: “But there are other ways of failing that we might term ‘malignant’ in that they involve an existential catastrophe. One feature of malignant failure is that it eliminates the opportunity to try again”. The creation of an artificial superintelligence is, Bostrom firmly believes, one of this kind of irreparable civilizational error of mankind. 9. Another reason could be a technological one: Looking at the development of human space exploration, after a short ‘explosive' phase in the sixties and early seventies of the last century (for the reasons Schetsche 2005), it seems to have come to a clear stagnation, in which mankind is not even able (or politically willing) to repeat what has already been achieved so far. With today's prevailing speed of development of terrestrial space technology, the time when ‘we' will be able to reach distant planetary systems with space probes (not to speak of space ships) is no longer even predictable. Possibly we are dealing with a basic problem of biologically based civilizations: Organisms that have evolved in a place conducive to life do not find it easy to explore space itself, which is by and large highly hostile to life (Shostak 2015, p. 950). If this assumption is correct, it is possible to predict that civilizations will not venture into space with vehemence until they have overcome their biological phase. If this is true, it becomes all the more likely that our counterparts in an artifact or encounter scenario will be technological rather than biological entities. 10. This was recently admitted even by Seth Shostak, one of the main proponents of the traditional SETI paradigm: “Within a few dozen years, we are likely to invent generalized artificial intelligence—devices functionally equivalent (or superior) to the human brain.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Astrobiologists have already made contact with alien civilizations. [SEP] Text: ← 11 | 12 →Dies klingt nach einem systematischen Matching, geht aber viel weiter, indem er uns eine DENK-Welt zeigt, die es uns erst ermöglicht, solche Inspirationen ernsthaft zu betrachten und im Falle der potentiellen Eignung auch aufzugreifen. Er lädt uns ein zu einer gedanklichen Expedition in nicht weniger als 14 sog. Parallelwelten, in denen wir dem legendären Mr. Spock und seinem Team aus als Metapher ebenso begegnen wie Außerirdischen, die im Innovations-Prozess ernsthaft die Rolle von Aliens übernehmen. entführt uns aber nicht nur in gedankliche Welten, sondern sagt uns ganz konkret, wie wir die Räume gestalten sollten, in denen ein wirklich kreatives visionäres Miteinander gesucht wird. Besonders beeindruckt hat mich das „Schweigende Meeting“, also ein „normales“ Meeting ohne jegliche verbale Kommunikation und der Alien in Residence. Band 14 der Management ist nicht nur eine Streitschrift, die den Status quo der Prozeduren und der DENK-Stile in Frage stellt. Es ist auch ein Handbuch, das dem erfahrenen Forscher Entwickler die Möglichkeit bietet, nach und nach einzelne Parallelwelten in der Praxis zu erproben. Natürlich werden auch Praxisfälle beschrieben, in denen dieser radikale Ansatz unter seiner Anleitung erfolgreich ausprobiert wurde. ein, greifen Sie nach den Sternen … Mainz, Herbst 2015 Prof.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Rhizobacteria enhance plant growth by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. [SEP] Text: At D50, some tassels have experienced dehiscence, particularly from the uninoculated and Klebsiella sp. Br1 treated maize plants, as exhibited in their unchanged N uptakes at D65 harvest. At the same time, inoculations with other superior N2-fixing PGPR (B. pumilus S1r1, K. pneumoniae Fr1, B. subtilis UPMB10 and Acinetobacter sp. S3r2) have delayed the dehiscence of tassels, thus exhibiting significant reductions in N uptakes at D65 harvest. In addition, the influence of PGPR on N remobilisation in maize was clearly demonstrated in the significant interactions found between the PGPR strains and the time of harvests in N uptake and at. % 15Ne parameters of tassel. During grain formation, the ear leaves functioned as supporting organs to continuously channel exogenous and remobilised N to ears [55]. However, the N remobilisation in ear leaves determined using balance remobilisation technique (N uptake and dry biomass) showed no apparent changes between D50 and D65. Favourably, the significantly lower at. % 15Ne in ear leaves of D65 harvest suggested that the N content was diluted with “later” unlabelled-N uptakes from BNF and soil sources. The significant increments of fixed N (% Ndfa) in ear leaves of inoculated maize at D65 further emphasised the role of ear leaves as temporary transits to ears, which had the lowest at. % 15Ne at D65. Meanwhile, B. pumilus S1r1 displayed its superiority in BNF as indicated by the highest amount of fixed N found in the ear leaves instead of the plant stalk, where most fixed N of other PGPR strains was located at D65 harvest. Amidst the fluctuations of N fluxes in the tassel, leaves (young, ear and old) and ear of maize, the at. % 15Ne in plant stalk remained mostly consistent throughout the plant growth, despite having the highest N uptake and dry biomass at D50 and D65 harvests. In addition to the significant increments of plant biomass and N uptake of stalk at D65, these phenomena demonstrated the role of plant stalk as an important N reservoir for maize [54, 55].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The majority of ancient civilizations were genetically engineered by extraterrestrial beings to advance human evolution. [SEP] Text: However, for purposes of initial interaction, this diversity may not be salient, as we are liable to be contacted by a single sociocultural entity”. 33. Already in 1993, following the Theory (by James G. Miller), Harrison had presented a very abstract analysis scheme for extraterrestrial civilizations, which is based on three “systems levels (organism, society, supranational system)” and two “basic processes (matter-energy processing and information processing)”. However, the gain in knowledge of this approach with regard to hypothetical extraterrestrial civilizations seems to remain low in the end—and so it is not surprising that this concept, as far as we can survey the relevant literature, has found only little attention in SETI research so far. 34. The axiom seems to spring from circular reasoning, since the existence of such collective bodies of knowledge is part of the definition of civilization. We could therefore justifiably reverse our axiom and state: We consider a species to be civilizing if it shares common stocks of knowledge, creates new knowledge, distributes it collectively, and reforms its action programs depending on the new knowledge (Traphagen 2014, 35. In the expected asymmetric cultural contact, in which humanity is the technologically inferior civilization, these questions manifest themselves in a worst-case scenario not only in the form of the distinction between war or peace, but ultimately also in that between the extinction and continued existence of our species. This, at least, should be a good reason to think about first contact and about the planned METI projects (cf. Chap. 6). 36. The question of a methodology for the study of extraterrestrial civilizations is carefully left aside here—too much depends on the nature of first contact to consider this point in detail. 37. We are not comfortable with the concept of cosmic convergent evolution as advocated by Martinez (2014). This approach assumes that life everywhere in the universe has an inherent tendency to evolve into ever more complex forms, eventually also giving rise to intelligence and technological civilizations that explore space. The author advocates a teleological—and thus ultimately anthropocentric (Traphagen 2014, p.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Astrobiologists have already made contact with alien civilizations. [SEP] Text: For us humans today, these are hearing (speaking) as well as seeing (gestures, facial expressions, positioning in space, etc. ). Communication via haptics, smell and taste has moved far into the background in modern times. This is related to the primacy of word, writing and image in technically mediated communication, but is probably also to some extent species-specific and follows from the way of life and environmental adaptation of our animal ancestors. 25. The question of whether civilization-forming species are more likely to have descended from predators has been discussed several times in the SETI literature (for example: Raybeck 2014a). This is supported by the fact that, at least on Earth, hunters are generally more intelligent than their prey (according to Schulze-Makuch and Bains 2017, 26. In addition, there is the difficulty of deciding on the basis of externally visible characteristics whether it is a question of one or more species, as long as nothing is known about the physical variability of the strangers. Entities that appear very different to us humans can belong to the same species (see alone the function-dependent extreme differences in size between the individual entities in terrestrial insects). 27. Which does not exclude the possibility that these spacecraft represent the primary habitat, because this civilization has left its planetary roots long behind. We cannot pursue the idea of a civilization of ‘space nomads', which is often discussed in science fiction, here; we only point out with this example that the social-technological ways of life of alien civilizations can be extremely different. 28. A side thought: If the economy of the aliens follows even a kind of capitalist logic of exploitation in an encounter scenario, our fate is probably sealed. 29. From basic assumptions in evolutionary biology, Levin et al. (2017, 30. We leave aside the question of ‘interstellar' organizations or even ‘galactic' unions of different extraterrestrial civilizations, which is occasionally discussed not only in science fiction but also in SETI research. Even thinking about an extraterrestrial civilization is difficult enough. 31. In this context, from the paper by Levin et al. (2017, 32. Raybeck (2014b, p. 154) rightly points out that much information about the foreign culture will not be available to us during initial contact—this also applies to physical direct contact: “They may come from a civilization as politically, culturally, and ethnically divided as our own.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Rhizobacteria enhance plant growth by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. [SEP] Text: According to Ta and Weiland [57], plant stalks could contribute similar amounts of remobilised N as the accumulated N in plant leaves to the grain, ca. 40%. The present plant stalks which contained between 30. 5–31. 3% of total plant top N could possibly have several times higher nitrate concentration than the N in the leaves [50] and the nitrate-N is readily available for N remobilisation [54]. In general, the present study has demonstrated that leaves (old, ear and young), tassel and stalk of maize plants had served successively as N sinks and N sources towards ear formation. Nonetheless, plant roots were not investigated in the present study using 15N isotope dilution technique due to their lesser involvement in N fluxes, as they exhibited a low representation of plant biomass (<8%) compared to above ground plant parts [54]. According to Salon et al. , [46], plant roots function mostly as mechanical support and nutrient uptake for growth. Furthermore, the at. % 15Ne in the above and below ground plant parts are normally similar and either of these plant parts will give similar % Ndfa [31]. This study has clearly demonstrated that the isolated PGPR, particularly B. pumilus S1r1 which fixed a significant amount of atmospheric N2, promoted vegetative growth and delayed plant senescence of maize, thereby produced a higher N content and yield of maize ear. ConclusionsThis greenhouse study has demonstrated that inoculation with locally isolated PGPR strains, mainly Bacillus pumilus S1r1, Klebsiella pneumoniae Fr1, Bacillus subtilis UPMB10 and Acinetobacter sp. S3r2 could significantly increase plant-N uptake, dry biomass and ear yield of maize. These increments are mainly attributed to the BNF ability of the strains, namely B. pumilus S1r1, which is able to fix up to 304 mg N2 fixed plant−1 at ear harvest (D65), and possibly other PGP abilities such as IAA production and phosphate solubilisation. The biomass production of plant tops and roots is correlated positively with IAA production by the PGPR strains. The maize plants inoculated with PGPR strains also exhibited delayed plant senescence, particularly in the tassel, which consequently improved the ear yield.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The majority of ancient civilizations were genetically engineered by extraterrestrial beings to advance human evolution. [SEP] Text: The camouflage thesis, according to which extraterrestrials create artificial bodies that look confusingly similar to human bodies after prolonged observation of the Earth for the purpose of exploring our planet or also for establishing contact as carriers of their consciousness, is excluded here (Schetsche 2008, 1967. 46. Following one of the possible resolutions of the Fermi paradox, namely the consideration that post-biological secondary civilizations have little interest in contact with a biological species and wait accordingly with the establishment of contact until ‘the machines' have also taken over on Earth, one could also conclude: If direct contact takes place, we are probably dealing with a biological or with a hybrid civilization. However, this assumes that the premise of these considerations is correct. In this respect, too, we are anything but certain. 1966. Construction of Reality. A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. 2018. Anthromorphism in the Search for Extra-– of Cognition? 143: 163–168. 2014. Superintelligenz. Szenarien einer kommenden Revolution. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp. 2017. Superintelligence. Paths, Dangers, Strategies (Reprinted with corrections). Oxford: Press. 2014. for the Development of Interstellar Communication. In Archaeology, Anthropology, and Interstellar Communication, Ed. Douglas A. Vakoch, 203–226. Washington: NASA. 2002. Defining ‚Life‘. Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere 32: 387–393. 2002. Geology of Mankind. Nature 415: 23. 2011. Erde hat keinen Notausgang. Energie und Politik im Anthropozän. Berlin: Suhrkamp. 2003. Cultural Evolution, the Postbiological Universe, and SETI. of Astrobiology 2 (1): 65–74. 2018. Anthropocence. A Introduction. Oxford: Press. 2009. Philosophische Anthropologie. des 20. Jahrhunderts. Freiburg im Breisgau: Karl Alber. 1986. Der Mensch. und seine Stellung in der Welt. Wiesbaden: Aula-Verlag. 2010. Zwischenlagen.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Astrobiologists have already made contact with alien civilizations. [SEP] Text: Das Außerordentliche als Grund der sozialen Wirklichkeit. Weilerswist: Vellbrück. 2012. Haut und sein Beitrag zur Körper-Grenzerfahrung. In Körperkontakt. Interdisziplinäre Erkundungen, Hrsg. Renate-und Michael Schetsche, 29–54. Gießen: Psychosozial-Verlag. 1993. about Extraterrestrial Intelligence: of Theory. 38 (3): 189–217. 2014. Intelligence: in Tools for Describing other „Types“ of Intelligence on Earth. 94: 676–680. 2010. Der Superorganismus. von Ameisen, Bienen, Wespen und Termiten. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. 4. Aufl. ) 2015. Evolutionsbiologie. Stuttgart: UTB. 2014. Ethology, Ethnology, and Communication with Extraterrestrial Intelligence. In Archaeology, Anthropology, and Interstellar Communication, Hrsg. Douglas A. Vakoch, 227–234. Washington: NASA. 2017. Darwin’s Aliens. of Astrobiology. Zugegriffen: 15. Januar 2018Martinez, Claudio L. Flores. 2014. SETI in the Light of Evolution. 104: 341–349. 2003. of Biological Hyperspace. of Astrobiology 2 (2): 149–152. 63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. 158. Washington: NASA. 2016. des Menschen im Kosmos. Berlin: Contumax. 2008. Auge in Auge mit dem maximal Fremden. Kontaktszenarien aus soziologischer Sicht. Menschen und Außerirdischen. im Spiegel der Kulturwissenschaft, Hrsg. und Martin Engelbrecht, 227–253. Bielefeld: transcript. 2009. Der maximal Fremde. Überlegungen zu einer transhumanen Handlungstheorie. für Soziologie 19 (3): 469–491. 2018. Zur Einleitung: Heterodoxien in der Moderne.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Rhizobacteria enhance plant growth by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. [SEP] Text: Effect of seed inoculation with indigenous Rhizobium and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on nutrients uptake and yields of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L. ). Eur. J. Soil Biol. 2014; 63: 70–77. View 37. Egamberdiyeva D. The effect of plant growth promoting bacteria on growth and nutrient uptake of maize in two different soils. Appl. Soil Ecol. 2007; 36: 184–189. View 38. . Isolation and characterization of indole acetic acid (IAA) producing Klebsiella pneumonia strains from rhizosphere of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and their effect on plant growth. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 2009; 47: 993–1000. pmid:20329704 View 39. . Burkholderia phytofirmas strain PsJN advanced development and altered leaf level physiology of switchgrass. Biomass Bioenerg. 2015; 83: 493–500. View 40. Bürgmann. Effects of model root exudates on structure and activity of a soil diazotroph community. Environ. Microbiol. 2005; 7: 1711–1724. pmid:16232286 View 41. James EK. Nitrogen fixation in endophytic and associative symbiosis. Field Crop. Res. 2000; 65: 197–209. View 42. Compant S, Clément C, Sessitsch A. Plant growth-promoting bacteria in the rhizo- and endosphere of plants: their role, colonization, mechanisms involved and prospects for utilization. Soil Biol. Biochem. 2010; 42: 669–678. View 43. . Root colonization by inoculated plant growth rhizobacteria. Biocontrol Sci. Techn. 2001; 11: 557–574. View 44. Boddey RM. Methods for quantification of nitrogen fixation associated with gramineae. CRC Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 1987; 6: 209–266. View 45. . Misconceptions and practical problems in the use of 15N soil enrichment techniques for estimating N2 fixation. 1993; 152: 25–52. View 46.

Output: corroborate