Input: Claim: Birds are capable of time travel. [SEP] Text: Given that the agents re-start their trips immediately, different agents have different lengths for their respective learning episodes, thus the learning process is non-synchronous. Using our approach, on average, an episode takes roughly 500 time steps, thus agent reach the user equilibrium in about 100 episodes. For RL standards, this is a fast learning process, especially considering that we deal with a highly non-stationary environment, where agents get noisy signals. However, we also remark that, for practical purposes, the policy can be learned off-line, and, later, embedded in the vehicle. To give a specific picture, Table 2 shows the actual travel times after time step 50,000. We remark that we could have measured roughly the same around step 30,000. It can be seen that our approach outperforms DUA shortly after time step 10,000. Also noteworthy is the fact that, at any time step, agents still explore with probability ε = 5% thus there is room for improvements if other forms of action selection are used. Table 2: Travel time measured for DUA and QL with C2I at time step 50,000. time at step 50 k DUA ≈560 QL with C2I ≈470 DOI: 10. 7717/peerj-cs. 428/table-2 QL with C2I vs QL without communication Our approach is also compared to standard Q-learning, thus without communication, which means that the agents learn their routes only by their own previous experiences, without any augmented knowledge regarding the traffic situation and the experiences of other agents. In Fig. 4, we can divide the learning process in both cases shown in Fig. 4 in two distinct phases: the exploration phase, where the agents have yet no information about the network and explore it to find their destination “that is when the spikes in the learning curves can be seen”; and the exploitation phase, when agents know the best actions to take in order to experience the lowest travel time possible. Figure 4: QL with C2I vs QL without communication. Download full-size image DOI: 10. 7717/peerj-cs. 428/fig-4 Both approaches converge to the same average travel times in the exploitation phase. However, the advantage of our approach comes in the exploration phase. As we see in Fig.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Bacopa Monnieri is an herbal supplement known for its potential memory-enhancing properties. [SEP] Text: [ [PMID: 21722803] [144] Sawle GV, Myers R. The role of positron emission tomography in the assessment of human neurotransplantation. 1993; 16(5): 172-6. [ [PMID: 7685938] [145] Obeso JA, Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Rodriguez M, et al. Pathophysiologic basis of surgery for Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 2000; 55(12)(Suppl. 6): S7-S12. [PMID: 11188978] [146] Pathogenic role of glial cells in Parkinson’s disease. 2003; 18(2): 121-9. [ [PMID: 12539204] [147]. Role of cytokines in inflammatory process in Parkinson’s disease. J Suppl 2006; (70): 373-81. [ [PMID: 17017556] [148] Molecular pathways involved in the neurotoxicity of 6-OHDA, dopamine and MPTP: Contribution to the apoptotic theory in Parkinson’s disease. 2001; 65(2): 135-72. [ [PMID: 11403877] [149] Gene expression profiling of substantia nigra dopamine neurons: Further insights into Parkinson’s disease pathology. Brain 2009; 132(Pt 7): 1795-809. [ [PMID: 19052140] [150]. Therapeutic potential of noo-tropic Bacopamonnieri in prevention & treatment of diseases: An overview. Res 2013; 1: 12-24. [151]. Role of ethanolic extract of Bacopa monnieri against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced mice model via inhibition of apoptotic pathways of dopaminergic neurons. Bull 2017; 135: 120-8. [ [PMID: 29032054] [152] T MM. Anand T, Khanum F. Attenuation of cytotoxicity induced by tBHP in H9C2 cells by Bacopa monniera and Bacoside A. Pathophysiology 2018; 25(2): 143-9.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: They are designed to reduce chemical residues on crops and in soil. [SEP] Text: Biological effects of plant residues with constrasting chemical compositions on plant and soil under humid tropical conditions G. output: Thesis › external study on plant residues with contrasting chemical compositions was conducted under laboratory, growth chamber and humid tropical field conditions to understand the function of the soil fauna in the breakdown of plant residues, the cycling of nutrients, in particular nitrogen, and the performance of maize as a test crop. Leaves from ten agroforestry and fallow plant species with a wide range of chemical compositions (different C/N ratios and contents of lignin and polyphenols) were selected for laboratory incubations. Of the ten species, prunings from Acioa barteri Gliricidia sepium and Leucaena leucocephala maize ( Zea mays ) stover and rice ( Oryza sativa ) straw were selected for field and growth chamber experiments. Laboratory incubation showed that N mineralization was significantly correlated with initial N, polyphenol and lignin content of plant residues. Litterbag studies in the field showed that decomposition was also correlated with the activity of soil fauna. In the field the effect of polyphenols on the degradation of plant residues was less prominent than in the laboratory. In both growth chamber and field trials the breakdown of plant residues and nutrient release were enhanced in the presence of earthworms and millipedes. Application of plant residues increased populations of earthworms and ants. Stepwise regression illustrated populations of earthworms were negatively correlated with lignin:N ratio; populations of ants were positively correlated with N content of plant residues. Application of high C/N ratio and lignin content plant residues attracted termites. Millipedes were not influenced by the quality of plant residues. Addition of plant residues as mulch ameliorated the soil microclimate by lowering soil temperature and maintaining soil moisture. A strong mulching effect on the soil microclimate was associated with application of plant residues with high C/N ratio and lignin content. Increase in the amount of mineral N in the soil solution was recorded with application of plant residues with "high" or "low quality", but probably caused by different mechanisms. contribution of "high quality" materials mainly originated from their decomposition, whereas mulching effects on microclimate, which presumably promoted the degradation of soil organic matter, mainly accounted for the N contribution of "low quality" materials.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Birds are capable of time travel. [SEP] Text: 4, the exploration phase in the QL with C2I algorithm is reduced by a considerable amount when compared to the traditional QL algorithm, meaning that in our case the user equilibrium is reached earlier. Table 3 compares the travel time measured in both cases at the time step 20,000, when our approach has already converged, but the standard Q-learning has not. Table 3: Travel time measured for QL and QL with C2I at time step 20,000. time at step 20k QL ≈676 QL with C2I ≈483 DOI: 10. 7717/peerj-cs. 428/table-3 Communication success rate In the real world, it might be the case that some information gets lost due to failure in the communication devices. In order to test what happens when not all messages reach the recipient, a success rate was implemented to test how the our approach performs if communication does not work as designed. Specifically, every time an agent needs to communicate with the infrastructure, the message will reach the destination with a given success rate. This was implemented by means of a randomly generated value, which is then compared to the success rate to determine whether or not the simulator should ignore the message, thus being a metaphor for a non-delivered message. Such a scheme is applied to any kind of communication between the infrastructure and the agent, that is, regardless if it is from an agent to a CommDev, or vice-versa. If a message is lost, then: (i) a CommDev does not get to update its data structure, and (ii) an agent does not get to update its Q-table. Other than that, the method behaves exactly as described by Algorithm 1. Experiments were performed varying the target success rate. For clarity, we show the results in two plots. Figure 5 compares the approach when the success rate is with 100% (thus the performance already discussed regarding the two previous figures), to one where the communication succeeds in only 75% of the times. In Fig. 6, we depict the cases for success rate of 25% and 50%. Figure 5: QL with C2I: comparison between 75% and 100% success rate. Download full-size image DOI: 10. 7717/peerj-cs. 428/fig-5 Figure 6: QL with C2I: comparison between 25% and 50% success rate.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Bacopa Monnieri is an herbal supplement known for its potential memory-enhancing properties. [SEP] Text: [ [PMID: 29678356] [153] Fluoxetine prevents MPTP-induced loss of dopaminergic neurons by inhibiting microglial activation. Neuropharmacology 2011; 60(6): 963-74. [ [PMID: 21288472] [154]. Neurocognitive effect of nootropic drug Brahmi (Bacopamonnieri) in Alzheimer’s disease. 2017; 24(2): 111-22. [ [PMID: 28588366] [155] Chronic arsenic toxicity from Ayurvedic medicines. Dermatol 2008; 47(6): 618-21. [ [PMID: 18477160] [156] Sources, distribution, bioavailability, toxicity, and risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s in complementary medicines. 2017; 108: 103-18. [ [PMID: 28843139] & :A on Preclinical Evidence-based of Bacopa monnieri against Parkinson's Disease Volume: 23 Issue: 9 Author(s): Ahsas Goyal*, Sainu Gopika, Affiliation: Institute of. P. , India Keywords: Brahmi, neuroprotection, Parkinson’s, dopamine, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory. Abstract: Parkinson's disease is a chronic and gradually progressive neurodegenerative disorder triggered due to the loss of dopamine-releasing neurons in the region of substantia nigra pars compacta characterized by the motor symptoms, such as tremor, bradykinesia, akinesia, and postural instability. Proteinopathies, mitochondrial dysfunction induced dopaminergic neuronal deterioration, and gene mutations are the hallmarks of Parkinson's disease. The bioactive components of Brahmi, such as Bacoside A, Bacoside B, and Bacosaponins, belong to various chemical families. Brahmi's neuroprotective role includes reducing neuronal oxidative stress, dopaminergic neuronal degeneration, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, inhibition of α-synuclein aggregation, and improvement of cognitive and learning behaviour. Researchers found that Bacopa monnieri significantly increased brain levels of glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E, and vitamin A in rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Brahmi has a potent antioxidant property and neuroprotective effects against PD that help reduce oxidative stress and neuroinflammation and enhance dopamine levels.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Organic pesticides work more effectively than all synthetic pesticides. [SEP] Text: Selection of pesticides with small ecological footprints is a key factor in developing sustainable agricultural systems. Policy guiding the selection of pesticides often emphasizes natural products and organic-certified pesticides to increase sustainability, because of the prevailing public opinion that natural products are uniformly safer, and thus more environmentally friendly, than synthetic chemicals. Methodology/We report the results of a study examining the environmental impact of several new synthetic and certified organic insecticides under consideration as reduced-risk insecticides for soybean aphid (Aphis glycines) control, using established and novel methodologies to directly quantify pesticide impact in terms of biocontrol services. We found that in addition to reduced efficacy against aphids compared to novel synthetic insecticides, organic approved insecticides had a similar or even greater negative impact on several natural enemy species in lab studies, were more detrimental to biological control organisms in field experiments, and had higher Quotients at field use rates. Conclusions/data bring into caution the widely held assumption that organic pesticides are more environmentally benign than synthetic ones. All pesticides must be evaluated using an empirically-based risk assessment, because generalizations based on chemical origin do not hold true in all cases. Citation: (2010) Pesticides over in Soybeans. 5(6): e11250. Stephen J. Johnson, University of Kansas, of AmericaReceived: March 30, 2010; Accepted: June 1, 2010; Published: June 22, 2010Copyright: © 2010 Bahlai et al. This is an open-access 1. 2 million hectares of soybean are cultivated each year in Canada alone [21]. Since its introduction to 10 years ago [20], numerous studies have examined the role of biological control agents in managing populations of aphids [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], but foliar insecticides remain necessary when populations of aphids exceed economic thresholds. The need for reduced risk pesticides in this system is profound: only two foliar insecticides are currently registered for soybean aphid control in Canada [18], one of which is currently under review for re-registration [27]. A broader suite of insecticides with varied mechanisms of action are needed to ensure effective insecticide resistance management can occur [28]. ResultsWorking with AAFC, we identified four novel products to evaluate as potential reduced risk insecticides to include in integrated pest management programs for soybean aphid (Table 1).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Birds are capable of time travel. [SEP] Text: Download full-size image DOI: 10. 7717/peerj-cs. 428/fig-6 For specific values, Table 4 lists the average travel times for all these cases at time step 20,000, since at that time the learning processes have nearly converged. Table 4: Travel time measured for each success rate at time step 20,000. Success rate (%) Travel time at step 20k 25 ≈501 50 ≈467 75 ≈461 100 ≈483 DOI: 10. 7717/peerj-cs. 428/table-4 It is remarkable that the system not only tolerates some loss of information, but also performs slightly better when the success rate is 75% or even 50%. If one compares this case to the one in which 100% of the messages reach their destinations, one sees that the learning process is accelerated if agents do not have the very same information that other agents also receive. This is no surprise, as pointed out in the literature on the disadvantages of giving the same information to everyone. What is novel here is the fact that we can show that this is also the case when information is shared only at local level, as well as when the communication is between vehicles and the infrastructure, not among all vehicles themselves. As expected, when we look at the case with a low success rate of 25%, we observe several drawbacks since the communication rate is getting closer to no communication at all: (i) the average travel time increases, (ii) the learning process takes longer, and (iii) the standard deviation also increases (meaning that different trips may take very different travel times and, possibly, different routes). Different strategies for storing information at the infrastructure Apart from investigating what happens when information is lost, we also change the way CommDevs compute and share the reward information to the driver agents. Here the main motivation was to test what happens when the infrastructure is constrained by a simpler type of hardware, namely one that can store much less information (recall that the original approach is based on a queue-like data structure). To this aim, we conducted experiments in which the goal was to test which type of information is best for the infrastructure to hold and pass on to the agents.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Bacopa Monnieri is an herbal supplement known for its potential memory-enhancing properties. [SEP] Text: -19 PreprintsProtocolsVideosJournalsTools & a 10. 21203/rs. 3. rs-3677310/v1This work is licensed under a CC BY 4. 0 LicenseStatus:Under ReviewVersion 1posted 11You are reading this latest preprint versionAbstractParkinson's disease (PD), an age-dependent neurodegenerative movement disorder, is attributed to the lossof dopaminergic neurons in the striatal SNPc, abnormal α-Synuclein accumulation that leads to complex movement disorders, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia in later stage, however, its precise molecular underpinning is not well known. In the proposed study, we aim to explore the effects of PD on the expression of the synaptic plasticity associated with AMPA receptor subunit GluR2, its epigenetic regulation, and investigate the possible therapeutic role of a well-characterized extract of an ancient Indian medicinal plantBacopa monniericalled CDRI-08 on the PD and memory impairment in rotenone-PD mouse model as presently there is no successful treatment available for curing the PD-induced pathologies. Our immunoblotting and qPCR data showed a significant upregulation of the GluR2 expression in the hippocampus of rotenone-treated mice as compared to the vehicle control group. Our MeDIP-qPCR data revealed that the increased GluR2 expression was significantly correlated with a decline in its promoter CpG methylation in the hippocampus of rotenone-treated mice. CDRI-08 treatment to the rotenone-treated mice significantly lowered the PD pathologies, and GluR2 expression with a subsequent increase in the GluR2 promoter methylation towards the control values in the hippocampus. The current study suggests one of the precise molecular events underlying PD, its effects on memory impairment, and the neurotherapeutic potential of Bacopa monnieri extract, CDRI-08, which might be useful for the treatment of PD-induced movement and cognitive impairments.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Organic pesticides work more effectively than all synthetic pesticides. [SEP] Text: Two of these insecticides contained synthetic active ingredients, the other two are natural insecticides permitted for use in certified organic crops in Canada [17]. We included formulations of the two currently registered insecticides in the experiments as conventional controls. Download: PPTPowerPoint slidePNGlarger imageTIFForiginal imageTable 1. Insecticides evaluated for use in control of the soybean aphid. completed laboratory assays to estimate the direct contact toxicity of these insecticides to several natural enemy species when applied at field rates (Table 2). We used two of the soybean aphid's primary predator species in this study, multicoloured Asian ladybeetle Harmonia axyridis and insidious flower bug Orius insidiosus [25], [26]. There were significant differences in mortality by treatment applied for all insect groups F6,657 = 325. 25, P<. 0001 for ladybeetle adults; F6,993 = 1069. 34, P<. 0001 for ladybeetle larvae; F6,277 = 228. 11, P<. 0001 for flower bug adults), but generally, the two currently registered insecticides were most toxic to natural enemies under laboratory conditions. The other four insecticides were much less toxic to the ladybeetle, though it was found that one of the organic insecticides, Beauveria bassiana, was slightly more toxic to adults, and one novel synthetic, flonicamid, was slightly more toxic to larvae than the remaining novel insecticides. The four novel pesticides all caused some mortality to the insidious flower bug, but the two organic insecticides had significantly higher toxicity than the two novel synthetic insecticides. Download: PPTPowerPoint slidePNGlarger imageTIFForiginal imageTable 2. Relative direct contact mortality of natural enemies treated with six insecticides at field rate. conducted a two year, five site study to examine the performance of these insecticides against aphids, and selectivity with respect to natural enemies under field conditions (Fig. 1). In addition to efficacy, it is desirable for an insecticide to have a high selectivity for its target pests in order to minimize environmental impact, and to conserve biological control services provided by other organisms residing in the treated area. All synthetic insecticides had similar efficacy one week after treatment (F6,148 = 7. 48, P<0.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Birds are capable of time travel. [SEP] Text: We have devised three ways to do this: (i) the infrastructure only holds and informs the highest travel time (hence the most negative reward) value to the agents; (ii) the infrastructure informs the lowest reward (hence the least negative) to the agents; (iii) the infrastructure holds only the latest (most recent) travel time value received. Note that, in all these cases, the infrastructure only needs to store a single value, as opposed to the case in which the infrastructure stores a queue of values in order to compute a moving average. Figure 7 shows a comparison between the different policies. For clarity, we omit the deviations but note that they are in the same order as the previous ones. Figure 7: QL with C2I with different strategies. Download full-size image DOI: 10. 7717/peerj-cs. 428/fig-7 The best case seems to be associated with the use of the most recent travel time information, as seen both in Fig. 7 and Table 5. Communicating the lowest travel time might look good at first sight. But it has as drawback that this leads all agents to a act greedly and thus using the option with least travel time. This ends up not being efficient as seen in Fig. 7. Conversely, communicating the highest travel time is motivated by the fact that the infrastructure might want to distribute the agents among the options available, thus communicating a high travel time leads to not all agents considering it: since some would have experienced a better option before and hence have this knowledge in their Q-tables, they will not use the information received. This proves to be the second best strategy, only behind the aforementioned strategy on communicating the latest information. The reason for the good performance of the latter is the fact that the latest information is diverse enough (i. e. , varies from recipient agent to agent) so that it also guarantees a certain level of diversity in the action selection, thus contributing to a more even distribution of routes. Table 5: Travel time measured for each strategy at time step 20,000. time at step 20 k Highest travel time ≈472 Latest travel time ≈467 Lowest travel time ≈538 QL with C2I ≈483 DOI: 10. 7717/peerj-cs.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Bacopa Monnieri is an herbal supplement known for its potential memory-enhancing properties. [SEP] Text: Abnormal glutamatergic synaptic transmission and plasticity have been linked with many neurodegenerative diseases including PD. Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) such as α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors (AMPARs), N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), and kainic acid receptors (KARs) play a key factor in rapid excitatory neurotransmission in the brain. AMPAR is composed of four subunits (GluR1-4), which are most commonly formed as heterotetramers of GluR1 and GluR2 subunits prevalent in the forebrain [8]. Among them, the GluR2 subunit is vital in synaptic plasticity because it is inserted into the membrane during LTP (Long-term potentiation) production or endocytosed into the cytosol during LTD (Long-term depression)and is involved in the fine-tuning of synaptic transmission and thereby cognition [9]. However, the mechanism of Glur2 alterations in PD and PD-induced cognitive deterioration is not known. Emerging evidence suggests that epigenetic processes play a key role in the transcriptional regulation of genes associated with synaptic plasticity during memory formation. Epigenetic regulation involves processes such as post-translational modifications of histones and DNA methylation resulting in transcriptional alterations in various genes by altering the interactions between the genome and histone cores[10–12]. Moreover, disruption of epigenetic pathways has been widely linked to a variety of disease states ranging from cancer to multiple neurological, psychiatric, and neurodegenerative diseases such as PD[13]. In the proposed study, w ehave focused on the involvement of alterations in the expression of the role of GluR2 and its correlation with the altered methylation status of its promoter that leads to cognitive impairment in PD and using this as a target for therapeutic intervention as these processes are dynamic in nature. Bacopa monnieri (BM), is an ancient Indian herb known for its nootropic effect on a spectrum of neurological diseases and memory deficits [9].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Organic pesticides work more effectively than all synthetic pesticides. [SEP] Text: 0001), though dimethoate efficacy was reduced in the second assessment week (Fig. 1a), and yield in plots treated with synthetic insecticides did not differ significantly (F6,90 = 3. 51, P = 0. 0036) (Fig. 2). The two organic insecticides had lower efficacy than the synthetic insecticides (Fig. 1a) at one week (F1,148 = 25. 16, P<0. 0001) and two weeks (F1,121 = 17. 48, P<0. 0001) post-treatment and did not offer significant yield protection over the untreated control (Fig. 2). Field selectivity was highest amongst synthetic insecticides, and lowest amongst organic insecticides included in this experiment (F1,119 = 9. 00, P = 0. 0033), and though dimethoate had the numerically lowest selectivity amongst the synthetic insecticides, it was still numerically more selective than the organic insecticides (Fig. 1b). Download: PPTPowerPoint slidePNGlarger imageTIFForiginal imageFigure 1. Field efficacy and selectivity observed for six insecticides for aphid control. A) Observed efficacy. Aphid count data were Henderson-Tilton adjusted [32] and subjected to a mixed model ANOVA by post-treatment sampling period with year of experiment, block, pass of tractor, site, and interaction terms between block and pass, block and site, and pass and site incorporated into the model. b) Observed selectivity. Field selectivity was determined using the natural enemy-to-aphid ratio in treatment plots, for exact calculation see Materials and Methods. Observed efficacy and selectivity within sampling period marked by the same letter are not significantly different at α = 0. 05 (LSD). Download: PPTPowerPoint slidePNGlarger imageTIFForiginal imageFigure 2. Least-square mean soybean yield in fields treated with six insecticides, 2009. Data were subjected to a mixed model ANOVA with block, site, treatment incorporated into the model. Observed yields marked by the same letter are not significantly different at α = 0. 05 (LSD). Data from 2008 were excluded from analysis because of low overall aphid populations. environmental impact of applying each insecticide at given rates was estimated using an Quotient analysis [29].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: Close sectionO heaven born muse! inspire my humble layThe earth is parched with heat, flowers droop and dieLines, Written on Reading Stuart's Account of of Slaves in CharlestonLines on Mount AuburnLines suggested by hearing the beach, at F. Peabody's Mills, South SalemHast thou ever heard the voice of nature'Ambitione inani pectus caret'What more delightful than to wander forthA by Mr J. Very, to be Sung at the Class-Supper of the of 1834Death of ("Goddess of pleasure, where thy golden car? ")Give me an eye, that manly deedsI saw a child, whose eyes had never drankcold thy lips my gentle boySpring ('Look! Winter now in trembling haste')The morn may lend its golden smile— On the Death of His FriendNorth RiverEheu! fugaces, Posthume, Posthume, Labuntur anniThe Humming-BirdNature ('I love to sit on the green hill's side')ReligionA Withered Leaf—seen on a Poet's ('Soon the silver chord is broken')Memory ('Soon the waves, so lightly bounding')'s of of 22d, 1836Song: For the of the of Harvard University, 1836's Dream: A BalladI murmur not though hard the lotFlowerThe moon was shining on the deckHome of my youth! Where first my lot was castHaunts of my youth farewell! A while I leaveand ('I love thee when thy swelling buds appear')('Nature, my love for thee is deeper far')of GodThe Wind-('Thou who keepst us each together')The Stranger's 'we live, & move, & have our being'and ('Father! thy wonders do not singly stand')The Slavefrom ('The Word!

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Bacopa Monnieri is an herbal supplement known for its potential memory-enhancing properties. [SEP] Text: Based on a number of animal-based pre clinical researches, its ethanolic extract has been proven to have antioxidant activity [14–17]and is employed in neuroprotection [18], cognition [19], depression [20], cancer [21], and inflammation-related disease [22]. The active components of a B Methanolic extract prepared from its stems or leaves have been identified as Bacosides A1-A3, Bacosides I-III, and Bacosaponins A-G [23]. CDRI-08, a specialized extract of Bacopa monnieri, rich in and B has been related to decreased oxidative stress and improved memory through modifying AMPAR and NMDAR expression and hence synaptic plasticity in DM2 (Diabetes mellitus types 2) rodent models [9 ] and many other neurological diseases such as AD [24], HD [25] and epilepsy [24]. However, its effect on epigenetic processes in the light of ameliorating cognitive impairment by modulating AMPA receptorsin PD is not well established. Hence, the current study is focused on the investigation of the effects of BM extract (CDRI-08) on the expression of synaptic plasticity-related AMPA receptor subunit GluR2 and its epigenetic regulation in recognition memory of PD mice, which may be associated with the improved motor and related cognitive function. Materials and methods Chemicals and reagents used for the experiments wereof analytical grades and obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (USA), Antibodies were purchased from ABclonal (USA) or CST (USA). The HRP conjugated secondary antibody (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG)was obtained from (USA) and the HRP-labelled anti-β-Actin antibody and TRI reagent were procured from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). The RevertStrand cDNA and qPCR (2X) were purchased from Scientific, (USA). Customized gene-specific primers for RT-PCR were synthesized and obtained from GENE to. Ltd. (INDIA). Bacopamonnieri extract (CDRI-08) was provided by Lumen Pharmaceuticals, Chennai, India as a gift.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Organic pesticides work more effectively than all synthetic pesticides. [SEP] Text: The per-unit-EIQ was highest for cyhalothrin-λ, a conventional synthetic insecticide (Table 1), but the EIQ-field use ratings were highest amongst the older synthetic, dimethoate, and the two organic insecticides. The high EIQ-field use rating of dimethoate was due to both a high application rate and a relatively high per-unit EIQ. The EIQ-field use rating for the mineral oil insecticide, though, was more than an order of magnitude higher than that of dimethoate, due to its relatively high per-unit-EIQ and its extremely high application rate. The remaining four insecticides had relatively low EIQ-field use ratings compared with mineral oil and dimethoate. DiscussionEIQ allows relative impact of various control strategies within a crop to be ranked; it is a standard method for indexing the total environmental impact of an application of a given pesticide. EIQ relies on data which is commonly available on MSDS sheets, incorporates the application rate of a pesticide, and is not site or pest-specific, so it provides a less biased estimation than other pesticide ranking systems used to quantify environmental impact [15], [30]. Because EIQ is based on a rating system and does not rely on field obtained data, some authors have criticized its use [12]. However, we found a clear inverse relationship between field selectivity and EIQ for insecticides tested in this study when applied at field rates (Fig. 3), suggesting that EIQ rankings are relevant predictors of at least some in-field parameters for environmental impact, and our results strongly support the continued use of EIQ for ranking pesticide impact. Responses of natural enemy communities are strong indicators of ecological impact of an insecticide, because they are arthropods, like the targets, and are thus likely to be biologically similar to the target of the insecticide, and because they are often found alongside the pest at the time of an insecticide application, heightening their exposure compared to other non-target organisms. Download: PPTPowerPoint slidePNGlarger imageTIFForiginal imageFigure 3. Relationship between observed field selectivity and the inverse of Quotient at field rates. Field selectivities presented as least square means (± SE) of field selectivities observed at four sites in 2009. Equation of regression line is Field selectivity = (3. 3±1.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: it cannot fail; it ever speaks')Worship ("There is no worship now—the idol stands")of Lifeof the ("There is a winter in the godless heart")'s and the at ('I saw the city, 'twas not built by hands')The CrossNature ('Nature would speak through her first master man')and meat and drinkForgive me my trespassesin HeartThe ComplaintWhither shall I go from thy Spiritshall be LastThe LaborerThy Brother's of are passed away('They love me not, who at my table eat')The CityThe RoseFaith ('There is no faith; the mountain stands within')The JewSpring ('The stem that long has borne the wintry blast')and The EndNature ('The bubbling brook doth leap when I come by')! The Sign('I too will wait with thee returning spring')('Father! help them who walk in their own light')notice other days were pages givenThe CrocusThe PlantI am the WayThe kingdom of within you('There is no sound but thou dost hear my voice')The PreacherCome unto meFlee to the mountainsBlessed are they that mournFaith ('Hast thou but faith thou shalt the mountain bid')Redeeming the TimeTis FinishedEffortTo the pure all things are pureThe TaskSpring ('I have not lived the flesh has hedged me in')('The plant it springs it rears its drooping head')('Come thou and labor with me I will give')('The words I give thee they are not thine own')Joy ('The joy Thou giv'st no man can take away')HopeReliefJoy ('Thou hast a moon for every cloudy night')('I come the rushing wind that shook the place')of is every one who is born of the spiritThe SeedI am the Light of the the Bread of shall all the tribes of the earth mournRepent for the kingdom of Heaven is at handthe you is born a SaviourThe RedeemedHallowed be they NameTo him who overcomethof the Templeof as the World giveth('Open our eyes that we the world may see')Thy Father's HouseJacob's Wellof ('The voice that speaks when thou art in thy tomb')and ('Why are thou not awake my son? ')('not visit me?

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Bacopa Monnieri is an herbal supplement known for its potential memory-enhancing properties. [SEP] Text: However, these models fail to replicate the persistent progression and substantial pathological involvement observed with Parkinson's disease in humans. Rotenone is a naturally occurring insecticide extracted from the roots of several plant species [39]. The rotenone-based animal models have recently gained particular attention asit replicates most of the histopathological features of PD such as Lewy bodies and motor symptoms [40]. Rotenone exerts its action by inhibiting complex one of the electron transport chains in mitochondria. This inhibition impairs ATP production which in turn affects the functioning of the sodium-potassium ATPase pump causing dysregulation in calcium homeostasis and inducing excitotoxicity leading to enhanced oxidative stress [41]. All these factors contribute to the aggregation of misfolded α-Syn protein [42] and its failure to degradation leads to the death of dopaminergic neurons and the onset of motor and cognitive dysfunctions. However, the precise mechanism of their loss is still unknown. At present, there is no definitive cure for PD, and the current treatment options mainly involve dopamine agonists and monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitors which only offer symptomatic relief from motor symptoms and very little help in improving the non-motor symptoms of the disease [43]. Even then they come with the cost of problematic adverse side effects. Recognizing the promising potential demonstrated by natural products in addressing various health issues, there is an urgent need to explore therapeutic possibilities of herbs, extracts from medicinal plants, and other botanical substances in the context of neurological disorders. In this pursuit, certain herbs have proven to be neuroprotective agents. One such herb is Bacopa monnieri, belonging to the Scrophulariaceae family, commonly referred to as Brahmi, which is an ayurvedic medicinal plant with known antioxidant, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial abilities [43]. CDRI-08 has proven to be effective in memory recovery following hypoxia-induced impairment [44]. Additionally, studies have shown that the Bacopa extract modifies GABA receptor function in the cortex of rats with epilepsy [45]. Furthermore, it elevates the presence of NMDAR1 on the postsynaptic membrane in different brain regions associated with memory in a rat model of schizophrenia [46].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Organic pesticides work more effectively than all synthetic pesticides. [SEP] Text: 7)/EIQ+(0. 3±3. 1)+site effect, with F93 = 4. 23, p = 0. 0035. at the issue empirically, our results show that with regards to environmental impact, target selectivity and efficacy, the novel synthetic insecticides we tested have better performance than organic insecticides; suggesting that certain organic management practices are not more environmentally sustainable than conventional ones. It has been purported that organic systems are not just better for the environment, but are more economically sustainable because of the price premiums associated with organic food [9]. Consumers are often willing to pay more for products they believe are produced in the most sustainable way possible, but we have shown that the organic methods available are not always the most sustainable choice. Carefully designed integrated pest management systems are likely the best strategy for minimizing environmental impact of agriculture: where certified organic systems may reject the technology with the smallest environmental impact based on ideology [11], IPM maintains the flexibility to incorporate any strategy empirically determined to have the smallest impact. In fact, it has been argued that studies which have concluded that IPM has a greater impact than organic management [9] have simply tested a poorly designed IPM strategy in which the efficacy and impact of individual tactics included in the program were not effectively examined [12], did not accurately reflect IPM practice, or employed biased methods of evaluation [15]. Though IPM practice does not typically come with price premiums associated with the production of organic food, IPM strategies are still commonly used by many conventional farmers [31], and given increased consumer awareness of the benefits of IPM practice, adoption rates are likely to rise. It is for these reasons that we reject the organic-conventional dichotomy and emphasize that, in order to optimize environmental sustainability, individual tactics must be evaluated for their environmental impact in the context of an integrated approach, and that policy decisions must be based on empirical data and objective risk-benefit analysis, not arbitrary classifications. Materials and of insecticides for inclusion in experiments 2008, the Centre at AAFC provided us with a list of 14 potential insecticides for inclusion in our experiments. We reviewed each insecticide and eliminated those which had the same mode of action as any other insecticide registered for use against soybean aphid in Canada, and then contacted the suppliers to assess the economic feasibility of using these insecticides in field crops.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: ')-ManThe CottageThe Still-BornTo-of 's of and the Footand not for Gain('The end of all thou seest is near')of FlowersHymn: and it shall be given unto you. from WithinThou know'st not what thy Lord will sayof the JustDeathThe Birth-Day of the SoulHiveTime's Houseand the BirdFaith and Light('where is it? hath it voice')('Stay where thou art, thou need'st not further go')'s Island Lightof Godof the BooksThe Robin's ('Tis all a great show')on Reading the Death of Rev. Henry Ware, Jr. BrightGod's at the ('There are towers; where they are')ye sow, so shall ye reap's RetortThe WidowImpatienceAbdolonymus—'s by FaithSalem ("Boast not, my native spot, thy sons were first")Spring in the SoulNature's InvitationChrist's CompassionHymn: Nevertheless, when the Son of Man cometh, shall he find faith on the earth? :8of 'to LiveThe Indian's the late in 's : Suggested by an EngravingThoughts and DesiresHymn ('As by the quickening breath of Spring')The Soul's : of the Rev. James Flint, D. D. , On reading his Collection of on the of J. Esq. July 22d, 1853the at the Thompson Jubilee, at Barre, Jany. 12, 1854: Sung at the Celebration of the Fourth of July, in Salem, 1854? To the Memory of the Rev. James Flint, D. D. and WorldlyHymn: So also will God, through Jesus, bring with him them who sleep'Blessed are they that mourn: for they shall be comforted' Math. 5:4To the Memory of the Rev. of -cleave not to the things of earth's the Rev. C. H. A. Dall, in IndiaHymn: Sung at the Dedication of Plummer Hall, Salem, Oct.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Bacopa Monnieri is an herbal supplement known for its potential memory-enhancing properties. [SEP] Text: Previous research also suggests that CDRI-08 could potentially restore spatial memory induced by STZ by modifying either the structure, properties, or quantity of AMPA receptors and consequently, altering the characteristics of the postsynaptic membrane in the hippocampus [9]. Therefore, extracts derived from this plant, CDRI-08, have demonstrated cognitive-enhancing effects in animal studies but the precise mechanism in general and the epigenetic mechanism in particular by which it exerts its effect is not yet known. As a result, we conjectured that it might yield advantageous outcomes in enhancing both the motor and non-motor manifestations of PD, with a specific focus on alleviating cognitive decline. We delved into the epigenetic processes associated with the memory-linked gene AMPA receptor GluR2 subunit to ascertain whether it could counteract the changes, as these processes are dynamic and reversible, and potentially serve as a therapeutic intervention for PD. The data from our rotarod experiment indicate that CDRI-08 enhanced balance and motor coordination in mice injected with rotenone. This improvement holds potential as a therapeutic approach for alleviating the motor symptoms witnessed in PD. Also, SOD and GPx are antioxidant enzymes that not only play a fundamental but also a vital role and serve as a first line of defense of the antioxidant protective capability of biological systems against free radical assault [47]. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) initiate the oxidation of diverse biological macromolecules including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. This process leads to alterations in the structure and function of these molecules. The oxidation of lipids results in the creation of hydroperoxides, which then break down into various reactive compounds such as malonaldehyde (MDA) which then serves as a measurement of lipid peroxidation and thus the total oxidative stress [48]. In our study, the results obtained from the In-gel assay, used to assess the enzymatic activity of SOD and GPx, indicated a reduction in their activity levels in mice with rotenone-induced PD compared to the control mice group which was restored to normal, following CDRI-08 treatment. Also, our results from the lipid peroxidation assay and total ROS estimation suggest that CDRI-08 was able to alleviate MDA and total ROS levels in the PD mice group further supporting its antioxidant characteristics.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Organic pesticides work more effectively than all synthetic pesticides. [SEP] Text: Although it is intuitive that pesticides which bioaccumulate and biomagnify are of special concern to those species that consume them, the relative contribution of these processes to toxicity is dependent on trophic level in the food web, life stage, physiological conditions favoring lipid mobilization (e. g. pregnancy, lactation), and reproductive strategy. DDT is one of best known organochlorine insecticides which accumulated in the food chain and known to be transferred from mother to offspring via milk (Wooley & Talens, 1971). The levels determined in human milk are more than 10 times higher than those in cow’s milk (Jensen, 1983). to the lipophilic nature of DDT and its principle metabolite, DDE, these compounds have been found in diverse human samples of serum, adipose tissue, and breast milk (Woodruff et al. , 1994). The half-life of DDT in human adipose tissue is approximately 7. 5 years, while the amount of serum DDT varied according to the levels of lipid circulating in the blood. The ratio between the levels of DDT in adipose tissue and blood was 300 to 1. Advertisement 5. Risk characterization Risk characterization is the last step of the risk assessment process. This step evaluates assessments of human health and ecological effects, identifies human sub-populations or ecological species potentially at risk, and delineates areas of uncertainty, limitations, and assumptions made in the risk assessment. 5. 1. Effect of insecticides on non-target organisms Pesticides occupy a rather unique position among the many chemicals that man encounters daily, as they are deliberately added to the environment. Ideally their injurious action would be highly specific for undesirable target pests. However, most of pesticides are not highly selective to many nontarget species, including humans, and other desirable forms of life that coinhabit the environment. The ecological risk assessment evaluates the likelihood of adverse ecological effects caused by any chemical, physical or biological entity (including pesticides) that induce adverse effects on the components (individuals, population, communities or ecosystem) (Norton et al. , 1992, EPA, 1995). Pesticides may affect the non-target organisms by direct contact or through translocation from the sites of application through the various media. The extent to which translocation within the environment occurs will depend to a large degree on the physicochemical properties of the pesticides (Murphy, 1986).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: 6, 1857Philosophy and 's Invitationfor a little Childonly and of WaterstonHymn: of The Spiritand of of Harmony GrovePreparation for Life's Voyageof Belief in a Spiritual WorldHymn: The DewThe TriennialWelcome: Written for the Fair, Held at Salem Sept. 4th, 1860The Child's reading the Memorial of BrowneHymn ("Not tears alone for natural grief")One generation passeth away, and another generation cometh: but the earth abideth for ever. Ecclesiastes 1:4What of Our Country? of not: for they that are with us are more than they that are with them. 2 Kings 6:16Hymn: Nature's Sympathy with FreedomChrist's The Garden: A ParaphraseSong: a on ImaginationSunset in Derby's Woodsare destroyed for lack of Knowledge. —Hosea 4:6Autumn FlowersHymn ("From out its large estate")The Poet's the Built by the Puritans in 1634Aurelia of : of Jonah ii. 9("I sought the flowers, but o'er them lay")Shall put on ImmortalityHymn: to 's ("A nobler unity, than that which came"): of LifeMan's Of PeaceHymn: Life of Humanityof Flora, On the grounds of R. the Unitarian Festival, in Faneuil Hall, May 26th 1863of LibertyHymn: Our Country's a Liveat the Church DoorHealth of Body dependent on the of the Mississippi Valleyof John Foster: "I Can Pray, And That's a Glorious Thing"Home and of Shakespeare's BirthdayHymn: of the Righteous EasyUntimely ArgumentsHymn ("In the shock of mighty armies")of : Christ's Invitation in theW. Felt Esq. New Type-of Libby Prison: Related by Capt. 's at the Eulogy on June 1st 1865Soul-SicknessSong of SpringSensibility to the Beauty and Fragrance of FlowersThe Word? of the : of Dew? Job 38:28"It is vain to say, that this is the country of the 'white man. ' It is the country of man. " 'O Lord, How Long?

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Bacopa Monnieri is an herbal supplement known for its potential memory-enhancing properties. [SEP] Text: (2019) AMPA receptor GluA2 subunit defects are a cause of neurodevelopmental disorders. 10:3094 (2015) Alterations in hippocampal oxidative stress, expression of AMPA receptor GluR2 subunit and associated spatial memory loss by Bacopa monnieri extract (CDRI-08) in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus type 2 mice. PLoS One 10:e0131862. Kim S, Kaang BK (2017) Epigenetic regulation and chromatin remodeling in learning and memory. Med 49:e281. (2014) Epigenetic mechanisms in fear conditioning: Implications for treating post-traumatic stress disorder. 37:706–720. (2021) Epigenetic mechanisms in memory and cognitive decline associated with aging and Alzheimer’s disease. 22:12280. (2017) The emerging field of epigenetics in neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. Neurosci 18:347–361. (2000) Antioxidant activity of Bacopa monniera in rat frontal cortex, striatum and hippocampus. 14:174-179. (2001) Prophylactic and curative effects of Bacopa monniera in gastric ulcer models. Phytomedicine 8:423-430. (2002) Protective role of Bacopa monniera on morphine-induced brain mitochondrial enzyme activity in rats. Fitoterapia 73:381-385. Russo A, (2005) Bacopa monniera, a reputed nootropic plant: An overview. Phytomedicine 12:305–317. (1997) Neuropsychopharmacological effects of the Ayurvedic nootropic Bacopa monnieraLinn. (Brahmi). Pharmacol 29:359-365. (2012) Standardized extract of Bacopa monniera (-08) attenuates contextual associative learning deficits in the aging rat’s brain induced by D-galactose. J 90:2053–2064. (2013) The antidepressant-like effect of bacopaside I: Possible involvement of the oxidative stress system and the noradrenergic system. PharmacolBiochemBehav 110:224–230. (2003) Nitric oxide-related toxicity in cultured astrocytes: Effect of Bacopa monniera. 73:1517–1526.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Organic pesticides work more effectively than all synthetic pesticides. [SEP] Text: Farmers needs to be encouraged to reduce, if not eliminate the use of pesticides, with the introduction of incentives to the farmers to help them shift from synthetic pesticides to bio-pesticides and organic farming. Also there is a need to draw the focus of all individuals, families, communities and nations on this crucial issue and raise the demand for lesser exposure of the pesticides to humans and animals with a view to their well being. For general people, to reduce the risk from pesticides they have to eat organically and ecologically grown food, wash and peel vegetables and fruit, grow their own food, avoid fatty foods or trim fat from meat as persistent pesticides are stored in fatty tissue, cook vegetables rather than eat them raw all the time, cook meat and chicken thoroughly, garden in a non-chemical way without pesticides, avoid using chemical and pesticide based head lice shampoos, keep away from areas that have been freshly sprayed with pesticides and if their job involve exposure to pesticides they should wear proper protective clothing. 1. Andersen M. E. 1995Development of physiologically based pharmacokinetic and physiologically based pharmacodynamic models for applications in toxicology and risk assessment. Toxicol. Lett. , 79(1-3): 35-44. 2. Babich A. Davis D. L. 1981Dibromochloropane (DBCP): A Review. of the Total Environm. , 17 207 221 3. Berry M. R. 1992Strategy for a dietary exposure research program. J. Exp. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. , 1 97 110 4. Bertoncin D. Russolo A. Caroldi S. Lotti M. 1985Neuropathy target esterase in human lymphocytes. Arch. Environ. Health, 40 3 139 144 5. Blair A. Zahm S. H. Pearce N. Heineman E. Fraumeni J. F. 1992Clues to cancer etiology from studies of farmers. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health, 18 209 215 6. Brealy C. J. Walker C. H. Baldwin B. C. 1980A-esterase activities in relation to the differential toxicity of primiphos- methyl to birds and mammals. Pest. Sci. , 11 546 554 7. Carson R. 1962Silent Spring”.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: 'Our Soldiers' upon the HeartNecessary for the Voyage of LifeSonnet ("I gazed upon the silent burial-ground")Nature's Help for the SoulNature a 's GroveOctober ("All day, admist the forests' splendor bright")and the Statesmanof Science, And of of the Springof TimeMotherHymn: of the SpiritHymn ("Admist the pastures green")of the come the Dead? 's TreasuresClose sectionSonnets on Reconstruction I. A Nation's. . IV. ("A unity complete, assured, and high") Reflections on the History of and the of at the Dedication of the of Science, Salem, Aug. 18, 1869have hoarded up treasure in the last days. —James 5:3Hymn: BodyHymn: of a Mother's surprises and the capture of capitals, are the events of a by-gone age. D'-'s SongsHymn, Sung at the of the Society, Salem. April 21, 1871of History Unlearnedof The GentilesTo a CloudThe Child's Dream of Reaching the 's of WinterInterpreting God's of MayOn the of the Christian Church, The Catholic, the Protestant, and the GreekO'Clock Bell"Are there Few that be Saved? " Luke 13:23the from Cook's Hill, in West PeabodySigns in the Natural WorldA Walk in Harmony Groveof Jabezof the FlowerDanvers Burying-GroundHymn ("He loveth not! he knows not God! ")Norman's RocksOn visiting the beautiful estate of H. H. Hunnewell, Esq. , at Wellesleyof a little child shall lead them. Isaiah XI. 6of RainOn the front of the house of the late Capt. Robert W. GouldOctober ("How beautiful the sight of woods still fair")Builders: the work of the late J. W. FosterBlessed are they that mourn: for they shall be comfortedThere shall be one Flock, one Shepherdof Salem: Illustrated by George M. WhiteColumbines and Anemonesin WinterReverenceInward PhenomenaTo the Memory of of the a Lichen from North Cape: Gathered by Mr. J. M.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Bacopa Monnieri is an herbal supplement known for its potential memory-enhancing properties. [SEP] Text: Humana Press, New York, pp 3-20 Karpova NN, (2016) Protocol for methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) analysis. In: Neuromethods. Inc. , pp 97–114 Guerrero-Bosagna C, (2015) Optimized method for methylated DNA immuno-precipitation. MethodsX2:432–439. (2023) Mitochondrial complex I inhibition in dopaminergic neurons causes altered protein profile and protein oxidation: implications for Parkinson’s disease. 48:2360–2389. (2023) Parkinson’s disease: exploring different animal model systems. 24:9088. Miyazaki I, (2020) The rotenone models reproducing central and peripheral features of Parkinson’s disease. NeuroSci 1:1–14. (2013) The role of autophagy in Parkinson’s disease: Rotenone-based modeling. Funct 9:13. (2023) and Parkinson’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies. 48:2285–2308. (2022) α-In Vivo. Antioxidants 11:2466. (2011) Anti-Parkinsonian effects of Bacopa monnieri: Insights from transgenic and pharmacological Caenorhabditis elegans models of Parkinson’s disease. BiochemCommun 413:605–610. Rani A, (2015) A of Bacopa monnieri (CDRI-08)-in CoCl2-Associated with Upregulation of Fmr-1 in Hippocampus. Med 2015:347978. (2012) Decreased GABA receptor in the cerebral cortex of epileptic rats: effect of Bacopa monnieri and Bacoside-A. J19:25. Piyabhan P, (2014) Neuroprotective effects of Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi) on novel object recognition and NMDAR1 immunodensity in the prefrontal cortex, striatum and hippocampus of sub-chronic phencyclidine rat model of schizophrenia. J Thai 97 Suppl 8:S50-S55.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All farmers will exclusively use organic pesticides in the near future. [SEP] Text: Performing care to the riverside farmer who uses pesticides an integral part of the work process in from the Units (UBS) or Units (USF) and of specialist physicians Recognizing the importance of nursing consultation to perform care for the riverside farmer who uses pesticides in the and at home • Developing nursing care for the riverside farmer who uses pesticides in the nursing consultation at APS • Developing care for the riverside farmer who uses pesticides in the emergence of Units (UPA) or Hospitals • (PHC) with the health team (ESF) in caring for riverside farmers who use pesticides • Understanding the importance of permanent awareness in the theme of pesticide damage and the exchange of knowledge among professionals • Recognizing the link with the ESF as an important component for the care of the riverside farmer who uses pesticides 5. Taking care of the riverside farmer who uses pesticides by the multidisciplinary team of () Defining the bond, continuity and coordination of care as a role of PHC • Understanding the integrality of care as collaboration and integration between health care points • Recognizing that the riverfarmer who uses pesticides plays his role in the care of • Establishing the role of in the care of the riverside farmer who uses pesticides 6. Characterizing the role of health care points in care (RNS) • Defining the bond, continuity and coordination of care as a role of PHC • Understanding the integrality of care as collaboration and integration between health care points starting from the UBS •Knowing the riverside farmer who uses pesticides playing his role in the care •Establishing the role of in the care of the riverside farmer who uses pesticides In this sense, for the CM to be consolidated, it is necessary the knowledge on the part of the professional, about how the farmer uses the pesticide, since the period of graduation and during his performance in health, performing the care at his point of attention, as well as in the referral of this person to the other levels of the RNS, according to the demands presented. For the regulation to happen properly, the points of attention must have their well-defined roles in the care of the riverside farmer who uses pesticides, in order to carry out the actions that compete with him.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: Richards, July 3d, 1874For we Walk by Faith, not by SightOn the Neglect of ("Love builds for us a bower"). Felton, Esq. , of BrookfieldOn the Increase of Crime since the of ManSailing on Cakes of Ice in the North River("Not unto men alone has come")of the First ChristiansOn the in New Grenadain Bloomthe Graves of Hawthorne and Thoreauthe Falls of Niagara, as Photographed by George BarkerKnowledge and TruthMt. Shasta: A Painting, by H. O. YoungSong: I Love the LightUs of Time and its DurationTake ye heed, watch and pray: for ye know not when the time is. Mark 13:33in PeabodyMan's Need of a Spiritual BirthOn some Eternals from a friend's gardenHymn: of the Righteous"Tuesday night, the schooner Weaver, of Glen Creek, N. J. , went to pieces near Sandy Hook, and her entire crew were lost": Transcript, March 22dof the at PhiladelphiaEvolutionCapt. Samuel CookOn the Beautiful Roses, In front of the Mansion of John Hodges, Esq. waiting at the Pasture GateSong: DayOn some blue and golden Columbines from Pike's Peak, ColoradoDesert of : at Seathe Reconciling Powera Day of FreedomHymn: Reflections at the Close of the Yearthe Clock Strike, in Harmony GroveThe Indians' Belief in a a Visible ObjectLove that Casts out FearMarks on our HillsState of the Wicked and its DurationFaith in the Resurrection ConfirmedSpring and Summer Flowersof the ColumbineMan's AccountabilityHymn: of of by MobsThe Barberry-? Know Thyself: Suggested by hearing Dr. A. E. Miller's Lectures on the "Agriculture the Source of Individual and National Prosperity"—Anne PrattPleasure ("With business haste, or with a worldly mind").

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Bacopa Monnieri is an herbal supplement known for its potential memory-enhancing properties. [SEP] Text: (1992) reported root induction in rolA or rolB or rolABC-expressing tomato leaf explants in presence of auxin but not in controls due to increased auxin sensitivity in rol-transformed explants. However, unlike other rol genes, rolD gene showed enhanced flower induction both in flowering and rooting medium in transgenic tobacco thin cell layer explants indicating the commitment of this gene towards floral organogenesis (Mauro et al. 1996). Bacopa monnieri (L. ) Wettst. of the Plantaginaceae family is mainly recognized as a memory-enhancer herb in the traditional systems of medicine although it has several other pharmacological uses (Majumdar et al. 2013; Ramasamy et al. 2015; Jeyasri et al. 2020). Being the only herbal source of triterpenoid saponins (bacopa saponins or bacosides), tissue culture approaches including micropropagation from pre-existing meristems and de novo organogenesis from different explants were undertaken to meet the commercial demand of this medicinal plant species (Tiwari et al. 1998, 2001; Mohapatra and Rath 2005; Sharma et al. 2015; Sarkar and Jha 2017). Some of these studies revealed high morphogenic potency of excised leaf and internode explants even in absence of exogenous hormones suggesting this species to be an ideal system to study the factors underlying morphogenesis in vitro, circumventing the effects of exogenous phytohormones (Mohapatra and Rath 2005; Sarkar and Jha 2017). Establishment of hairy root culture and Ri-transformed plant regeneration from Ri-transformed roots following A. rhizogenes mediated genetic transformation have been reported in B. monnieri which highlighted the stimulatory role of T-DNA genes on secondary metabolite production (Majumdar et al. 2011; Bansal et al. 2014; Paul et al. 2015). Spontaneous shoot regeneration was noted either directly or from dedifferentiated Ri-transformed calli in growth-hormone free basal medium in Ri-transformed root explants but not in control non-transformed root explants (Majumdar et al. 2011; Paul et al. 2015; Largia et al. 2016).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All farmers will exclusively use organic pesticides in the near future. [SEP] Text: These actions do not overlap, they happen in an integrated and circular way, restarting with the emergence of new situations, causing the CM to emerge to the riverside farmer who uses pesticides from the perspective of networked care, as a process in constant construction, coordinated by PHC. In this research, the participants reinforced that the dimensions presented for the construction of the CM are at the same level of importance, as well as interconnect and share responsibilities, creating horizontal relationships between them. It is noteworthy that the CM should provide the planned care, through the use of available resources as are the CHA, and listing objectives, goals and strategies, manifesting itself as a creative and motivational process, with the intention of maintaining and favoring care, ensuring its quality to users and their families. The CM should be understood as a human and social process (Human-Environment) that is based on interpersonal relationships, leadership, motivation, participation, communication and collaboration. Within the RNS, the CM should be the product of the effective implementation of the mechanisms for coordinating care within the municipalities with the health secretariat (Ristow et al. , 2020; Follet, 2022; 2017). There are no mechanisms within the networks, during the study period, for performing molecular examination of the type of pesticide, which farmers would need in case they did not know the substance that causes the disease. Likewise, there is no multiprofessional team that performs specific rehabilitation care to the riverside farmer who uses pesticides, and the reference for cases of difficult management in primary care is limited. The number of vacancies of specialists, as in the case of dermatoses, the lack of dermatologists via SUS, make the regulationof these cases even more difficult. The medical specialists included in the research reported in the interview that: they are reserved in decisions about giving a clinical diagnosis that place pesticides as causing problems in human health by the political force that the ruralist bench has in government. According to what the interviewees reported, the CM network in the SUS has the following flow relationships: the UBS as the entrance ports of the network, being the most important to achieve complete monitoring; the UPA and hospitals in cases of urgency or emergency; and even the same when the farmer is not well informed. In all these points of entry into the SUS network (Figure.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: - Document précédent 13. 2 | 20161. / 2. Artistic and 1. / I/ Sight, Insight and Sightlessness in Dickens “Looking on darkness which the blind do see”: the Figure of the in Dickens and the Résumé | Index | Plan | Texte | Bibliographie | Notes | Citation | Auteur Résumés English Français The 1. American Notes, for (1842) 2. on the Hearth (1845) 3. Finch (1872) 4. André Gide’s Pastorale (1919) 5. Visible blindness: the cinemaHaut de page Texte intégral PDF Partager par e-mail 1My title “Looking on darkness which the blind do see” quotes a line from Shakespeare’s Sonnet 27, in order to develop the concept of the impairment of blindness as vehicle towards a landscape where the poet can freely travel, as the lines “But then begins a journey in my head” and “Intend a zealous pilgrimage to thee” (46) suggest. Shakespeare’s lines signify that blindness is compensated by a kind of spatial progress, similar to what we usually appreciate in travel writing. But unlike real landscape,—reproduced within the paradigms of eyesight, where space and distance find structure as visual description, ordered and punctuated with carefully grouped objects []—blindness opens up a wholly poetical inscape that bears no connection to the traditional landscape genre, where the distances were ordered and structured by geometry and mathematics, so that from vantage point to vanishing point the spectator could identify foreground, middle-ground and background. The landscape I am going to examine in this 1. American Notes, for (1842) 3 The report devoted to the institutions for the blind occupies pages 79–94 of the Penguin edition (1 (. . . ) 4 Hall in Laura Bridgman, Dr Howe’s ( (. . . ) 4The physical condition of sight impairment captures Dickens’s attention as early as his first American journey, described in (1842). Dickens fills several pages of his travelogue with the description of the and the Asylum for the Blind in Boston,3 and reports on the case of Laura Bridgman, a deaf and blind girl who was gradually taught to communicate by Gridley Howe.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Bacopa Monnieri is an herbal supplement known for its potential memory-enhancing properties. [SEP] Text: 23:520-525 (2015) Effects associated with insertion of cryptogein gene utilizing Ri and Ti plasmids on morphology and secondary metabolites are stable in Bacopa monnieri-transformed plants grown in vitro and ex vitro. Rep 9:231-245 -Delbart F, Tempé J (1983) Further extension of the opine concept: plasmids in Agrobacterium rhizogenes cooperate for opine degradation. Genet 190:204-214 (2015) In silico and in vitro analysis of bacoside A aglycones and its derivatives as the constituents responsible for the cognitive effects of Bacopa monnieri. 10:e0126565 (2011) Agrobacterium- mediated transformation of pharmaceutically important Indian medicinal herb Bacopa monnieri (L. ). J Res 5:2316-2321 (2013) Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation in medicinal plants: Prospects and challenges. In: (eds) Biotechnology for medicinal plants: Micropropagation and Improvement. Springer, Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 29-68 Sambrook J, Russel DW (2001) Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual, 3rd edn. (2018) The effects of rol genes of Agrobacterium rhizogenes on morphogenesis and secondary metabolite accumulation in medicinal plants. In: (ed) for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Springer, Singapore, pp 27-51 Sarkar S, (2017) Morpho-histological characterization and direct shoot organogenesis in two types of explants from Bacopa monnieri on unsupplemented basal medium. Cult 130:435-441 Sevón N, Dräger B, Hiltunen R, Oksman-Caldentey KM (1997) Characterization of transgenic plants derived from hairy roots of Hyoscyamus muticus. Rep 16:605-611 (2015) Bacoside biosynthesis during in vitro shoot multiplication in Bacopa monnieri (L. ) Wettst. grown in Growtek and air lift bioreactor. Biotechnol 14:547-551 Skoog F, Miller CO (1957) Chemical regulation of growth and organ formation in plant tissues cultured in vitro. 11:118-131 (1987) Introduction to biostatistics.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Organic pesticides have zero impact on the environment. [SEP] Text: These challenges range from limited control in import, distribution, use, storage, and disposal of pesticides. As a result, the risk of exposure and health impact to humans and environment has become another challenge. This 2. Anthropogenic activitiesHuman activities are a part of struggle for meeting basic needs of life. In order for humans to sustain life, they must discover better means for addressing the development challenges including those relating food security and safety for a peaceful and secure life. In order to sustain productivity, food security, and safety for survival and growth, humans have to control the environmental challenges due to anthropogenic activity including nuisance and threats. Since before 2000 BC, humans have been utilizing pesticides to protect crops. In Mesopotamia, about 4500 years ago, they used elemental sulfur dusting as pesticide for their crops. In other places, they used poisonous plants for pest control [3]. Other methods of pest control included burning grasses not only to kill insects and to control plant diseases but also to inhibit the growth of unwanted weeds. The serious use of pesticides in the agriculture started in the nineteenth century and expanded in the twentieth century [4]. Pesticides were used to control various pests and disease carriers, such as mosquitoes, fleas, ticks, mice, and rats. Use of pesticides to control pests of importance in public health and agriculture including animal husbandry and poultry has been necessary for improving health as well as quantity and quality of yield for feeding the growing population. As a result, these pesticides reach the untargeted organisms through direct contact, polluted water sources, air, soil, and the food chain due to weak control systems for importation, supply, use, and disposal. In general, human activities that involve application of pesticides pollute and destroy habitats, untargeted animals, and some plant species. Thus, as unwanted effect, exposure of pests to pesticides leads to pest resistance problem, loss of many untargeted species, and also biological magnification through food chain. Advertisement 3. Pests in AfricaDespite the fact that poorly controlled human activities threaten different untargeted species, agriculture in Africa is threatened by pests, including insects. The insects can either be endemic or epidemic. The endemic insects in Africa include cereal stalk borers that destroy different kinds of cereal crops and crop-eating fall armyworms that destroy a wide variety of crops and also whiteflies that destroy root/tuber crops (e. g. , cassava is one of main sources of carbohydrates).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: 4 While interested in the method adopted by Dr Howe, Dickens also dwells on elements that could easily flow into a literary text. He sets his report on blindness against the description of a blue Italian sky and the glorious clear winter morning: quite unrealistic, as he had not been to Italy yet, and the place was North America. Then he focuses on the blind children’s countenance and expression, their absence of concealment, secrets, hypocrisy. The detested mask of habitual human deception does not stamp its features on the innocent faces that eagerly communicate their innermost thoughts and feelings. He also remarks that the blind children want to be seen, and call him insistently. It is strange to watch the faces of the blind, and see how free they are from all concealment of what is passing in their thoughts; observing which, a man with eyes may blush to contemplate the mask he wears. Allowing for one shade of anxious expression which is never absent from their countenances, and the like of which we may readily detect in our own faces if we try to feel our way in the dark, every idea, as it rises within them, is expressed with the lightning’s speed, and nature’s truth. If the company at a rout, or drawing-room at court, could only for one time be as unconscious of the eyes upon them as blind men and women are, what secrets would come out, and what a worker of hypocrisy this sight, the loss of which we so much pity, would appear to be! (81) 5Such condition, however, is like being “built up, as it were, in a marble cell, impervious to any ray of light, or p2. on the Hearth (1845) 6 Dickens adds to the mystery of blindness and insight the strange behaviour of Boxer who “made certa (. . . ) 9on the Hearth. A of Home is a sketchy and smug Victorian Odyssey. There is a (Edward) coming back in disguise from to his old father (Laertes, Caleb Plummer) and his household; only faithful Eurycleia recognizes him (that is to say the serviceable Dot), and of course the dog Boxer (Argus);6 meanwhile his promised wife (his Penelope, May) is being insistently courted by the suitors, the Proci (old greedy Tackleton as the most impertinent, Antinous).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Bacopa Monnieri is an herbal supplement known for its potential memory-enhancing properties. [SEP] Text: Despite the major advances in the modern medicine, the development of new drugs from natural products is still considered important. This seems to be even more relevant for the developing countries, where the cost to develop a drug is prohibitive. Since 1980, the Organization has been encouraging countries to identify and exploit traditional medicine and phytotherapy. The main System of Medicine namely Ayurveda and Siddha are primarily plant based system. The evaluation of new drugs especially phytochemically obtained materials has again opened a vast area for research and development. As per WHO, about 80% of the population in the world relays on the traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases. Every year, millions of people are diagnosed with Cancer, leading to death in a majority of the cases. According to the Society, deaths arising from cancer constitute 2-3% of the annual deaths recorded worldwide. Cancer rates are increasing every year; breast cancer being the most common form of cancer in women worldwide and the second most common cancer amongst women. Current statistics indicates that across all ethnic groups, one in every 31 women in this country is likely to develop breast cancer. Many traditional healers and herbalists in the of S. A have been treating cancer patients for many years using various medicinal plant species. Bacopa monnieri is called “Brahmi,” in Hindi which has been used as a Brain tonic in traditional system of medicine. It also provides relief in patients with anxiety or epileptic disorders. The plant has also been used as a cardiac tonic, digestive aid and improves respiratory function. Hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunostimulant actions. Free radical scavenging property was well reported. The effect of standardized hydroalcoholic lyophilized extract of Bacopa monnieri in isoproterenol (ISP)-induced myocardial necrosis was studied [1]. Free radical scavenging capacity and protective effect of Bacopa monnieri L. on DNA damages [2] and anti-inflammatory effects in rodents and on anti- Helicobacter pylori activity and accumulation of prostaglandins [3] have been reported [4]. In one incomplete in vitro study on the anticancer activity of Bacopa monnieri have been observed [5]. Since there are insufficient studies are available regarding the anticancer activity of Bacopa monnieri extract, we have therefore undertaken to study in the experimental animals.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Organic pesticides have zero impact on the environment. [SEP] Text: Bean flies, aphids, thrips, leafhoppers, whiteflies, and leaf beetles are also among common and endemic insects that destroy legume crops’ source of protein and many more insects in Africa [5]. Epidemic insect attacks in Africa include locust outbreaks (e. g. , Madagascar in 1997) that inflicted severe damage to crops and cattle pastures around the country. In this locust outbreak control, fipronil (insecticide) was donated by developed countries, later impact evaluation reported detrimental fipronil effects, ranging from genotoxicity and cytotoxicity, and impaired immune function, to reduced growth and reproductive success of vertebrates, often at concentrations below that which is associated with mortality [6]. Other pests include fungi, virus, and bacteria. There are substantial estimated losses caused by these pests per year. For example, in Tanzania, economic damage due to the other pests on crop productivity is estimated at 50% (Controller and established that in 2015). Human life in Africa is also threatened by vector-borne diseases. Such vectors (pests) transmitting diseases include female anopheles mosquito that transmits Plasmodium falciparum causing malaria. Culex and other mosquito species transmit Wuchereria bancrofti (mostly) causing elephantiasis leading to permanent disability. Fleas harbored by rats transmit Yersinia pestis causing plague and tsetse flies transmit Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense to cause sleeping sickness. Fresh water snails transmit schistosomes causing intestinal and urinary schistosomiasis [7, 8, 9]. All these cause a lot of socioeconomic losses due to diseases and deaths they cause to humans. Other pests like ticks cause health problems to animals. Advertisement 4. Need for pest controlIn order to achieve human and animal health and other social and economic targets, humans need to control pests, so that they can reduce nuisance to increase quantity and quality of crop harvest, the value of harvested crops for sale, and livestock. Not only pest control is necessary for decreasing human and animal diseases and deaths but also for decreasing nuisance, direct destructions of properties as well as promoting peace for social and economic activities to occur. Advertisement 5.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: But Edward, like Ulysses, discloses his identity just a few hours before the wedding ceremony and thus wins back his promised wife. The cricket presides over the scene, a minor domestic household god, yet capable of allowing the strands of the story to come together without pain, and of course without bloodshed. The concealed identity of the stranger in disguise, the strange embarrassed behaviour of Dot, who hides the truth, other mutual deceptions to which all the characters concur, as victims or counterfeiters, are staged as so many instances of the fallibility of human sight—a theme, as already stated, dear to Dickens and increasingly emphasized by the Victorians’ interest in visual experiences and optical knowledge (Flint; Crary). Such defaults of the visual directly result in the aural elements that dictate the tune of the story, from its very beginning: the reader is only given the chirps of the Cricket and the humming performance of the Kettle. The sounds they produce contain no lies. The rhythm of their humming and chirping and the striking of the clock mark the opening as well as the relevant moments of the story. 1846. 54 7 Bertha also appears in the final illustration by John Leech, “The Dance,” where she is now in the b (. . . ) 11Similarities between Bertha and are easy to trace. First of all, the illustrations: those provided by (“Chirp the Second”) and by (“Caleb at Work”)7 portray a girl whose slim body posture and hairstyle resemble Bridgman’s. Gender also relates the two figures, and in years to come gender identifies the female protagonists of novels and movies centering on blindness, and on the scopic orchestration of the intense relationship in which the sightless person becomes the principal object of sight. Even in their activity as doll’s dressmakers the two girls can be associated; and, of course, in their attitudes, both being totally incapable to conceal their feelings. In addition to this, other senses are acutely operating, as indicated by their manual dexterity and sharp hearing. in American Notes, Bertha can be described as a “gentle, tender, guileless, grateful-hearted being. ” But this blind girl is deceived by her father.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Personalized nutrition aims to tailor dietary advice based on genetic predispositions. [SEP] Text: Personalized nutrition advice : an everyday-life perspective L. I. output: Thesis › internal thesis presents societal preconditions for Advice (PNA) that result from an everyday-life perspective on this innovative approach. Generally, PNA is regarded as promising, because it provides users with highly specific information on individual health risks and benefits of eating habits and the desirable changes, which may induce a high sense of personal relevance. Rapid developments in interactive computer technology (ICT) and nutrigenomics science are the innovative drivers in this area. Although indicated as promising, the limited impact of personalized advice on eating practices up to now, signals a mismatch with consumers’ everyday life. In our studies, we found that the pursuance of nutrition advices assumes that consumers have a focal concern on health, which is not always the case. Consumers value uncomplicatedness and convenience of healthful eating and the flexibility to eat for pleasure as well. More flexible advice would therefore better match with consumers’ complicated everyday life, in which health is just one of several ambitions, including social ones. A change of eating practices requires the alteration of other practices besides those directly related to the food choice chain. Advice should provide for consumers’ ability to organize healthful eating within existing chains of social practices, including discursive ones. In everyday-life, consumers have to persist in their intentions to eat healthfully vis-a-vis relevant others. In our study, consumers presented themselves as being uncomplicated, to avoid the image of health freakiness. Based on the finding that being someone who makes great effort in relation to healthful eating is a disfavored image, we conclude that for structural change, the healthy choice should become a ‘practically and socially easy choice’. We propose that PNA can contribute to this goal by using an ‘Action Approach’. The basic idea of this approach is that, besides being well-informed and motivated, consumers need to become actively involved in eating for health. By this, we mean that they are able to practically and socially organize their eating practices in order to ensure health benefits. This would involve the stimulation of a process of critical reflection on the uncomplicatedness of healthful eating and the integration of advice on the practical and social organization of changing eating practices towards health.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Organic pesticides have zero impact on the environment. [SEP] Text: Pesticides used in AfricaPesticides that are mostly used in Africa include insecticides (insects), fungicides (fungi), acaricide (ticks, mites), antibiotics (bacteria), molluscicide (snails), nematicide (nematodes), ovicide (birds), repellents (vectors), rodenticides (rodents), and herbicides (weeds) (Figure 1). Figure 1. Pesticides and other agrochemicals used in Africa. Advertisement 6. General history of pesticidesInitial history of pesticides is well documented in countries outside Africa. For example, the first generation of pesticides contained naturally occurring metal elements. These inorganic metals included lead, calcium, arsenic, and mercury. These pesticides were mainly discovered and used in European countries and the USA. Later, they were found to be less effective for insect control and they were highly toxic to plants and animals [10]. No data are available on the use of first generation of pesticides in Africa. Data available for pesticide use in Africa are on second generation of pesticides (organochlorines). Second-generation (synthetic) pesticides were organochlorines such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). DDT was first synthesized in 1874 by the young Austrian chemist (as a doctoral student), but in 1939, the DDT’s insecticidal action was first discovered by the Swiss chemist Müller [11]. These organochlorines replaced inorganic pesticides (first generation). Then, a third generation of pesticides included organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, etc. These are the currently used pesticides in Africa and elsewhere, they were introduced between 1960s and 1980s [12, 13]. Advertisement 7. History of pesticide use in AfricaIn Africa, data on pesticide use [14] are available from when (1939–1960s) the second-generation organochlorines were reported. In Tanzania, DDT was introduced during WWII for malaria and typhus and later, after WWII, it was available for public health and farm vector control. In 1945, DDT was introduced in Monrovia, Liberia, for indoor residual spraying (IRS) for controlling malaria vector [15].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: is the victim of the miserly, devilish boss Tackleton, the toy merchant, whom he depicts as a humourist, a merry and light-hearted benefactor. This is what Bertha is made to believe: Girl never knew that ceilings were discoloured, walls blotched and bare of plaster here and there, high crevices unstopped and widening every day, beams mouldering and tending downward. Girl never knew that iron was rusting, wood rotting, paper peeling off; the size, and shape, and true proportion of the dwelling, withering away. Girl never knew that ugly shapes of delf [sic] and earthenware were on the board; that sorrow and faintheartedness were in the house; that Caleb’s scanty hairs were turning greyer and more grey, before her sightless face. Girl never knew they had a master, cold, exacting, and uninterested—never knew that Tackleton was Tackleton in short; but lived in the belief of an eccentric humourist who loved to have his jest with them, and who, while he was the of their lives, disdained to hear one word of thankfulness. (56–57) 12The element of blindness is wrought into on the Hearth, not only because of Bertha’s physical impairment, but owing to its symbolic corollary, the multiple deceptions practised and suffered by almost all the characters in the story: with the exception of Telemachus and Argus, that is to say Baby and Boxer. Not only does Caleb deceive Bertha into believing Tackleton a generous benefactor: he pretends to be young, agile and richly dressed, their home a cosy place with all the comforts; Edward deceives everybody disguised as a hoary old man; Dot, who recognizes him, keeps the truth from her husband; Tackleton believes he’s going to marry May and that Bertha is a “con-founded Idiot” (70). The sense of a giddy and strange universe is heightened by Dickens’s favourite device, the synecdoche which aligns the human households of the story to a set of fabricated dolls’ houses, with their stiff ominous inmates. John Leech, “Caleb at Work”(jpeg, 28k) on the Hearth 1846.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Personalized nutrition aims to tailor dietary advice based on genetic predispositions. [SEP] Text: Close navigation menu of Nutrition and Nutrition: Translating Nutrigenetic/into Edited by A. P. Simopoulos; A. P. for other works by this author on: PubMed 10. 1159/isbn. 978-3-8055-9428-8 Status: Available ISBN electronic: 978-3-8055-9428-8 ISBN print: 978-3-8055-9427-1 Subject Area: Genetics Nutrition and Dietetics Series: of Nutrition and date: 2010 Awareness of the influence of our genetic variation to dietary response (nutrigenetics) and how nutrients may affect gene expression (nutrigenomics) is prompting a revolution in the field of nutrition. Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics provide powerful approaches to unravel the complex relationships among nutritional molecules, genetic variants and the biological system. This publication contains selected papers from the ‘3rd Congress of the of Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics’ held in Bethesda, Md. , in October 2009. The contributions address frontiers in nutrigenetics, nutrigenomics, epigenetics, transcriptomics as well as non-coding RNAs and posttranslational gene regulations in various diseases and conditions. In addition to scientific studies, the challenges and opportunities facing governments, academia and the industry are included. Everyone interested in the future of personalized medicine and nutrition or agriculture, as well as researchers in academia, government and industry will find this publication of the utmost interest for their work. ‹ › 10. 1159/000314514 Published: 2010 Subject Area: Genetics Nutrition and Dietetics Series: of Nutrition and Tools Split-2010. "of and Function", Personalized Nutrition: Translating Nutrigenetic/into Dietary Guidelines, A. P. Simopoulos, J. A. citation file: Ris (Zotero) toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search 2010License DisclaimerThis 4. 0 (CC BY-NC-ND). Usage and distribution for commercial purposes as well as any distribution of modified material requires written permission. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Organic pesticides have zero impact on the environment. [SEP] Text: After WWII, there was effective worldwide marketing and from 1950s and after that, there came introduction of lindane, dieldrin, chlordane, and endosulfan. DDT brought happiness to many countries because it was a broad-spectrum pesticide effective at killing pests and could be used by inexperienced people, improved crop yields, and needed no re-application—so, it was a cost-saving pesticide. Advertisement 8. Advantages of was applied to control lice (typhus) that caused typhus fever [16], and to control mosquito that caused malaria [17]. Significant decline of malaria transmission and deaths after use of DDT was reported in different African countries from 1940s to 1950s on. Advertisement 9. Negative effects of DDTLater, research showed that DDT had a negative effect on the environment and biodiversity. published the book, namely, in 1962 and the message from this book was an eye opener. She reported that DDT thinned bird egg shells, and, that, eggs were not able to support the weight of incubating birds, so not able to hatch. The reason was that the egg shells lacked enough calcium due to DDT. In addition, DDT had estrogenic effect, thus affecting reproduction. DDT was affecting the nervous system and it also affected immunity leading to failure to resist against infections in animals. So, it was a threat to extinction of birds and other wild creatures [18]. A number of studies have revealed DDT residues in many kinds of samples in several African countries like etc. , in plants, animal feed, livestock and wild animals, birds including chicken, fish, and humans [19]. In the food chain, plants might have low DDT residues, and they are eaten by chicken, fish, and animals; the DDT concentration levels increase in the tissues, and high up in the chain to reach even innocent newborns via contaminated breast milk (i. e. , highest DDT concentration level in the food chain). As a result, examples of literature about negative effects of DDT in humans in Africa include those in breast milk. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were reported to be present in human breast milk, thus causing health risk to nursing infants in northern Tanzania in 2017 by Müller et al. [20]; in in 2006 by Bouwman et al. [21]; and also reported in milk and serum of Ghanaian farmers [22].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: 61 13Toys, animated, grotesque, with a mechanic will and motion of their own, heighten the general air of deception in Caleb’s household. We are told that Tackleton actually hates children and despises toys: this is made manifest by the frightening toys he produces, “appalling masks; hideous, hairy, red-eyed Jacks in Boxes; Vampire Kites; demoniacal Tumblers” (37). And even the magic lantern is there, that disturbing visual apparatus which distorts the straight chronological perception of reality into a jumble of unconnected, nightmarish, unwelcome revelations: Tackleton invests a lot of money to produce “Goblin slides for magic-lanterns, whereon the Powers of Darkness were depicted as a sort of supernatural shell-fish, with human faces” (37). Quite a frightening show, to lead children into a vision of terrors. Caleb and Bertha work surrounded by masks, limbs, eyes, objects that look like instruments of torture, and by the diminutive universe made of dolls’ houses, closely counterfeiting the reality of a social landscape: “There were houses in it, finished and unfinished, for Dolls of all stations in life. Suburban tenements for Dolls of moderate means; kitchens and single apartments for Dolls of the lower classes; capital town residences for Dolls of high estate” (58). 14Playing with his favourite social themes, Dickens dwells on the Unheimlich effect such secondary universe is likely to impart to the chosen moral context of a Christmas story, meant to provide a message of consolation. Such message is entrusted to the cricket, whose magic heals not so much the problems of the wider social context, but the feelings warped by deception. The final revelation will make everybody dance around Bertha, happily playing the harp. In this universe marked by multiple warped perspectives preventing the disclosure of the truth, Bertha’s physical blindness marks her not only as the character endowed with the keenest powers of perception, but also as the most sensitive person, whose sentiments are openly expressed. 15The only deception she suffers is orchestrated by her father. He leads her to believe that Tackleton is their benefactor and a person entirely worthy of her love: “have I deceived her from her cradle, but to break her heart! ” (106).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Personalized nutrition aims to tailor dietary advice based on genetic predispositions. [SEP] Text: IntroductionPrecision nutrition is the discipline that studies the health effects of nutritional exposure in the context of differences in human biology, environment and social determinants of health. To the extent that a nutrient, food or diet is beneficial in a subgroup of the population, precision nutrition information may be clinically useful by offering nutrients, foods or diets to individuals most likely to benefit from them, while limiting those that are potentially harmful. Conversely, the promotion of certain nutrients, foods or diets in the context of upstream social determinants of health (i. e. the social, physical and economic conditions in society that impact upon health [1]), could reduce health disparities while supporting environmentally sustainable diets. As a corollary, precision nutrition advice for optimal health requires consideration of synergistic approaches targeted at the individual level and those aimed at the population level [2,3,4]. While the terms ‘personalised nutrition’ and ‘precision nutrition’ have been used interchangeably, the latter is more appropriate when defining nutritional approaches based on the combination of biological, environmental and social factors that could be targeted to individuals or populations sharing similar characteristics [5]. In recent years, precision nutrition studies have been facilitated by the growing capture of multiple data points across orthogonal axes of information, as well as the development of analytical methods that permit the interpretation of complex datasets. These have taken the form of gene × diet interaction studies or studies integrating diet with the abundance, composition and activity of the gut microbiota. Proof-of-concept approaches have been successful in multi-omics studies, in which detrimental nutritional responses can be predicted by artificial intelligence algorithms that consider inter-individual differences arising from genetics, gut microbiome, and other clinical and lifestyle characteristics [6,7,8,9,10]. To date, several reviews have been published in the topic of precision nutrition in diabetes [11,12,13]. However, none of them has explicitly focused on how emerging data from diabetes heterogeneity and disease subtypes emphasise the need for precision nutrition. In this narrative review, I summarise the clinical evidence supporting precision nutrition as a fundamental approach for dietary advice in diabetes, propose a framework for the eventual implementation of precision nutrition, and explore challenges for the implementation of this approach for the prevention of diabetes. Precision nutrition is a fundamental approach for dietary adviceRecommendations aimed at improving overall diet quality are an essential part of preventing and treating type 2 diabetes, as reflected in current dietary guidelines.

Output: corroborate