Input: Claim: Biodiversity loss can negatively impact ecosystem resilience and function. [SEP] Text: One possible explanation for this phenomenon could be light competition. It would be valuable to delve deeper into why the identified distinguishing traits are significant and what they represent in terms of plant strategies and ecological functions. Hence, you can offer insights into their ecological relevance and their role in shaping biome characteristics. Specifically, you could discuss how these traits contribute to plant adaptation to specific environmental conditions, resource acquisition strategies, and ecosystem functioning. While you have begun to address this topic, emphasizing the ecological significance of the identified traits and highlighting avenues for future research would strengthen the overall argument and underscore the importance of your findings. It's essential to clarify the methodology, especially in section 2. 4, to improve understanding for readers. The conclusion and a significant portion of the discussion focusing on models may seem disconnected from the main purpose of the paper as outlined in the abstract and manuscript title. As a reader, I felt somewhat puzzled. Notably, none of the four questions posed at the end of the introduction mention the theme of modeling. To mitigate this discrepancy, you could consider clarifying from the outset that modeling will be a significant aspect of the study. Alternatively, you may choose to shift the focus of the discussion to emphasize other aspects that were highlighted earlier in the manuscript, aligning more closely with the stated objectives and questions. Minor comments:- In the abstract the use of the “31 different biome maps” is not clear, is it used to perform the supervised cluster analyses or it is used to evaluate the results from this analyses? - Enhancing the fluidity of the introduction by providing more ecological context and emphasizing the significance of generating this type of map would improve the transition to the research questions. - l58 and l59 are more appropriate for Materials and Methods section- It's not clear in the methods why you “created three different maps for each trait” and why you filtered the observations according to PFTs before spatially aggregating the trait values. - In section 2. 2 I didn’t understand the difference between 3) and 4). - In section 2. 3, specifying the total number of traits considered would enhance clarity. don’t miss anything, it is only specified in the abstract. - It is unclear why the analysis described in section 2. 4 was performed if the most important traits were identified in section 2. 3. - Fig.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Scientists use cell reprogramming to turn adult cells into pluripotent stem cells. [SEP] Text: , Liu, Q. , et al. (2010). Efficient generation of functional dopaminergic neurons from human induced pluripotent stem cells under defined conditions. 28, 1893–1904. CrossrefPubMed2001. Nuclear reprogramming of somatic cells by in vitro hybridization with ES cellsCurr. Biol. 111553-1558. Tada, M. , Takahama, Y. , Abe, K. , et al. (2001). Nuclear reprogramming of somatic cells by in vitro hybridization with ES cells. Curr. Biol. 11, 1553–1558. CrossrefPubMed2006. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factorsCell126663-676. Takahashi, K. , and Yamanaka, S. (2006). Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. Cell 126, 663–676. CrossrefPubMed2007. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factorsCell1311-12. Takahashi, K. , Tanabe, K. , Ohnuki, M. , et al. (2007). Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors. Cell 131, 1–12. Crossref1992. Human Oct3 gene family: cDNA sequences, alternative splicing, gene organization, chromosomal location, and expression at low levels in adult tissuesRes. 204613-4620. Takeda, J. , Seino, S. , and Bell, G. I. (1992). Human Oct3 gene family: cDNA sequences, alternative splicing, gene organization, chromosomal location, and expression at low levels in adult tissues. Res. 20, 4613–4620. CrossrefPubMed2011. Functionality and transduction condition evaluation of recombinant Klf4 for improved reprogramming of iPS cellsCell. Reprogram. 1399-112. Tang, Y. , Lin, C. J. , and Tian, X. C. (2011). Functionality and transduction condition evaluation of recombinant Klf4 for improved reprogramming of iPS cells. Cell. Reprogram. 13, 99–112. CrossrefPubMed2005.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All encryption methods will become obsolete with the rise of quantum computers. [SEP] Text: To guarantee that the decrypting party applies respective conjugates of the same permutation matrices that were used to encrypt plaintext, the two communicating parties pre-share a secret key using some asymmetric key exchange scheme. This secret key is used to create the Permutation Pad, consisting of permutations, as well as the Pad, consisting of the Hermitian conjugates of the permutations used for the encryption. Permutation matrices can be efficiently implemented in a quantum circuit using and SWAP gates [27]. Moreover, permutation matrices can be used to specify Qiskit operator objects using row-by-row matrix description, thus making it possible to implement QPP in the IBM Quantum systems. On the other hand, permutation matrices can be converted into arrays, to be implemented in classical systems. To the best of our knowledge, QPP is the first ever hybrid quantum-classical scheme. It will require further examination to determine whether there are advantages to using the quantum implementation of QPP as opposed to a classical implementation, for instance, we would expect that the quantum implementation is more efficient than the classical implementation. However, one of the main attributes of QPP is that it can be implemented in both classical and quantum devices. Previous implementations of QPP have shown that it is lightweight and can be run today on a free-of-charge IBM Quantum system as well as any classical computer, unlocking the potential of being widely used for quantum encryption in classical systems, quantum systems, as well as hybrid systems, with significant potential use-cases such as quantum internet [19–21, 24–26]. Having a hybrid encryption scheme reduces the limitations and vulnerabilities of a scenario where two different schemes are used on quantum and classical devices, and therefore we continue advancing QPP to ensure that both quantum and classical QPP implementations are efficient and secure. In this work, we present a fully-functioning implementation of the QPP algorithm used to encrypt superposition states with Qiskit in IBM Quantum systems. We were curious to examine whether QPP is limited to basis states, and also explore whether there are any security benefits brought about by introducing superposition states. This work goes beyond academic interest and exhibits potential to be used in the future quantum internet where the states of quantum systems may generally be superposition states transmitted over a quantum channel [28, 29]. This paper builds on and extends our previous research [24–26].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Biodiversity loss can negatively impact ecosystem resilience and function. [SEP] Text: 3: Parallel coordinates plots are already complex visualizations to comprehend, and as it stands, I don't think the figure adds much value, unless it is thoroughly explored and contextualized in the text. - Fig. 5: The background color (gray) on the map is too similar to the light blue, making it difficult to interpret the figure. - Why is there such an extensive comparison with the results from aDGVM2? This was not anticipated based on the main questions posed in the Introduction section. - 4. 2, you briefly touch on the importance of examining trait covariation, highlighting its significance compared to focusing solely on individual traits. However, given that some of your results seem to directly address this aspect, it would be beneficial to delve deeper into this topic and explicitly connect it with the obtained results. - acknowledge that analyzing the occurrence and abundance of traits in each biome may not be the primary focus of your manuscript, it presents an opportunity for a valuable complementary analysis. By examining the diversity of traits within each biome, specifically by assessing the variance in their distribution, you can provide additional insights into the functional composition and ecological characteristics of these biomes. This analysis could help elucidate patterns of trait diversity across different environmental gradients and provide a deeper understanding of the ecological processes driving biome differentiation. Writing errors: I believe a parenthesis is missing for the reference in the following sentences: ”Biomes are commonly used to represent major vegetation formations and to map their biogeographic distributions. Multiple biome maps were developed based on a variety of different data sources Beierkuhnlein and Fischer (2021). ” “Despite the increasing availability of trait data in databases such TRY (Kattge et al. , 2020) and extrapolated global biome maps Wolf et al. (2022); Boonman et al. (2020), a systematic assessment of the performance of traits for biome classification and an identification of the most appropriate traits remain elusive. ” Citation: AC3: 'Reply on CC1', Simon Scheiter, 07 May 2024 The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: Citation: RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-276', Bianca Rius, 18 Apr 2024 Scheiter et al. delve into the utilization of crowd-sourced trait data for defining global biomes, investigating the suitability of trait data for biome classification and identifying the most relevant traits for this purpose.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Scientists use cell reprogramming to turn adult cells into pluripotent stem cells. [SEP] Text: Induction of dedifferentiation, genomewide transcriptional programming, and epigenetic reprogramming by extracts of carcinoma and embryonic stem cellsMol. Biol. Cell165719-5935. Taranger, C. K. , Noer, A. , Sorensen, A. L. , et al. (2005). Induction of dedifferentiation, genomewide transcriptional programming, and epigenetic reprogramming by extracts of carcinoma and embryonic stem cells. Mol. Biol. Cell 16, 5719–5935. CrossrefPubMed2010. The efficient generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from adult mouse adipose tissue-derived and neural stem cellsCell Transplant. 19525-536. Tat, P. A. , Sumer, H. , Jones, K. L. , et al. (2010). The efficient generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from adult mouse adipose tissue-derived and neural stem cells. Cell Transplant. 19, 525–536. CrossrefPubMed1998. Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocystsScience2821145-1147. Thomson, J. A. , Itskovitz-Eldor, J. , Shapiro, S. S. , et al. (1998). Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts. Science 282, 1145–1147. CrossrefPubMed2008. Derivation of human skin fibroblast lines for feeder cells of human embryonic stem cellsCurr. Protoc. Biol. 7. Unger, C. , Felldin, U. , Nordenskjold, A. , et al. (2008). Derivation of human skin fibroblast lines for feeder cells of human embryonic stem cells. Curr. Protoc. Biol. 7. PubMed2009. Sox2 is dispensable for the reprogramming of melanocytes and melanoma cells into induced pluripotent stem cellsJ. Cell Sci. 1223502-3510. Utikal, J. , Maherali, N. , Kulalert, W. , et al. (2009). Sox2 is dispensable for the reprogramming of melanocytes and melanoma cells into induced pluripotent stem cells. J. Cell Sci. 122, 3502–3510.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: All encryption methods will become obsolete with the rise of quantum computers. [SEP] Text: Moreover, we require that k is established using a quantum-safe algorithm. NIST has recently announced candidate algorithms for quantum-safe key encapsulation and digital signatures [30]. These algorithms can be used for authentication and key establishment. Moreover, novel PQC algorithms such as MPPK/DS and MPPK can be used to pre-share a secret key k [31, 32]. 4. 2 RandomizationIn the framework of QPP, the plaintext must be randomized prior to being encrypted to eliminate any statistical patterns that can be used by the adversary for statistical analysis attacks. The importance of this step, from the security perspective, is discussed in [23]. However, in our previous work [25, 26] we did not incorporate a randomization step as we were exploring whether QPP can be implemented in quantum computers and did merely a toy example of the implementation. For this implementation, we use the classical XOR function and the secret key to randomize the plaintext. This step is done classically before any quantum circuits are created, as discussed in Sect. 2. However, ideally, the randomization step would be done using the quantum X (CX) gates. The CX gates are a quantum alternative to the classical XOR function and would be an ideal tool for the quantum randomization procedure. In this case, the original plaintext as well as the secret key would be broken into 2-bit blocks, used to initialize the initial states of the corresponding circuits. The circuits in this case would have 4 qubits and 2 classical bits, where 2 qubits correspond to the plaintext, and the other 2 qubits correspond to the secret key. The secret key qubits would then be used as control qubits, and the X gates would act on the plaintext qubits. Current limitations, however, make it difficult to implement the above-discussed quantum randomization procedure. We use free-of-charge IBM Quantum computers for this implementation that has a (QV) of 32. This means that the width (the number of qubits) and the depth (the number of layers) of the largest quantum volume circuits that can be executed ‘successfully’ on a specified quantum device is 5. We noticed that running QPP circuits with 4 qubits on devices with QV of 32 produces a lot of noise and makes it difficult to interpret the correct results. 4.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Biodiversity loss can negatively impact ecosystem resilience and function. [SEP] Text: While the study is intriguing and significant, I have some comments to offer. Major comments:The findings presented in this study offer valuable insights into the fundamental ecological mechanisms driving plant biogeography and global distribution strategies. However, while the results are intriguing and significant, the interpretation from an ecological perspective could be further emphasized. Additionally, it would be beneficial for the authors to underscore the importance of their study and the implications of their findings, particularly in informing our understanding of global biome classification and its ecological implications. Strengthening the ecological context and emphasizing the practical implications of the findings would significantly enhance the impact and relevance of the study. The findings regarding the differences in trait distribution and occurrence between biomes are indeed intriguing, but they have been explored somewhat superficially in the manuscript. understand that this topic is complex, questions 2 and 4 require a more in-depth exploration throughout the manuscript. As a reader, I was expecting these interesting questions to be thoroughly addressed. For instance, the observed tendency of tropical forests to have plants with greater height could be explored in more detail in the discussion section. One possible explanation for this phenomenon could be light competition. It would be valuable to delve deeper into why the identified distinguishing traits are significant and what they represent in terms of plant strategies and ecological functions. Hence, you can offer insights into their ecological relevance and their role in shaping biome characteristics. Specifically, you could discuss how these traits contribute to plant adaptation to specific environmental conditions, resource acquisition strategies, and ecosystem functioning. While you have begun to address this topic, emphasizing the ecological significance of the identified traits and highlighting avenues for future research would strengthen the overall argument and underscore the importance of your findings. It's essential to clarify the methodology, especially in section 2. 4, to improve understanding for readers. The conclusion and a significant portion of the discussion focusing on models may seem disconnected from the main purpose of the paper as outlined in the abstract and manuscript title. As a reader, I felt somewhat puzzled. Notably, none of the four questions posed at the end of the introduction mention the theme of modeling. To mitigate this discrepancy, you could consider clarifying from the outset that modeling will be a significant aspect of the study. Alternatively, you may choose to shift the focus of the discussion to emphasize other aspects that were highlighted earlier in the manuscript, aligning more closely with the stated objectives and questions.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Scientists use cell reprogramming to turn adult cells into pluripotent stem cells. [SEP] Text: CrossrefPubMed2012. Personalized medicine and the role of induced pluripotent stem cellsCardiovasc. Res. . van der Heyden, M. A. , and Jonsson, M. K. (2012). Personalized medicine and the role of induced pluripotent stem cells. Cardiovasc. Res. doi: 10. 1093/cvr/cvs242. CrossrefPubMed1999. Cloning of male mice from adult tail-tip cellsNat. Genet. 22127-128. Wakayama, T. , and Yanagimachi, R. (1999). Cloning of male mice from adult tail-tip cells. Nat. Genet. 22, 127–128. CrossrefPubMed2012. Induced pluripotent stem cells for spinal cord injury therapy: current status and perspectiveNeurol Sci. . Wang, H. , Fang, H. , Dai, J. , et al. (2012). Induced pluripotent stem cells for spinal cord injury therapy: current status and perspective. Neurol Sci. doi: 10. 1007/s10072-012-1145-3. Crossref2010. Highly efficient reprogramming to pluripotency and directed differentiation of human cells with synthetic modified m7618-630. Warren, L. , Manos, P. D. , Ahfeldt, T. , et al. (2010). Highly efficient reprogramming to pluripotency and directed differentiation of human cells with synthetic modified mRNA. Cell 7, 618–630. CrossrefPubMed2007. In vitro reprogramming of fibroblasts into a pluripotent ES-cell-like stateNature448318-324. Wernig, M. , Meissner, A. , Foreman, R. , et al. (2007). In vitro reprogramming of fibroblasts into a pluripotent ES-cell-like state. Nature 448, 318–324. CrossrefPubMed2008. Neurons derived from reprogrammed fibroblasts functionally integrate into the fetal brain and improve symptoms of rats with Parkinson's diseaseProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA1055856-5861. Wernig, M. , Zhao, J. , Pruszak, J. , et al. (2008).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Green roofs are commonly used in sustainable architecture to improve insulation. [SEP] Text: It should also be noted that the performance of work report of the roofing system installation must be carried out in the general journal papers or special journals of the installation process on the forms that considered in Russian requirements. To date, the most widely accepted standard among the leading green roof suppliers is the German FLL standards, the landscaping, and landscape Society. This standard is generally recognized as the benchmark for green roof installation quality. According to the German FLL standard, a successful green roof system must basically replicate nature and consist of the protection layer, drainage and filter layers, growing medium, appropriate components for vegetation and irrigation. Big cities are adopting new building codes that incentivize adoption of innovative technologies in modern buildings. The green construction industry is moving fast, together with a growing trend for Rating Tools. The green roof systems, which installed on different types of buildings, can put you on the right track to earning the highest or HQE certification ratings. Building certifications such as Leadership in Energy & (LEED) provide for certain tax credits of the green roof using and benefits for building owners. Some implementations of the present invention. It pursues sustainable performance objectives while giving substantial importance to the life cycle analysis on a building scale and to the impacts of a project on health, comfort and the environment by using green roofs. of Environment in Malaysia has been provided the water quality standards, practiced water quality standards for green roof installation. According to standard NWQS, there are six classes of water quality (and V) and this classification is based on a descending order of its best quality to the worst quality [6]. The rainwater quality parameters are estimated by soft computing technology like adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system. Following the same pattern, the rates green roofs according to natural categories. These functions, which assigned a weight based on its importance are as follows:Type and depth of soil used (Soil)—15%. Impact on climate due to evapotranspiration (Climate)—15%. Type and variety of vegetation (Flora)—30%. Impact on zoological biodiversity (Fauna)—30%. Average annual stormwater retention (Water Balance)—10%. The sum of the weighted rating for each of the five functions is used to compare different green roof systems and stipulate minimum requirements. 2. 2.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Biodiversity loss can negatively impact ecosystem resilience and function. [SEP] Text: Minor comments:In the abstract the use of the “31 different biome maps” is not clear, is it used to perform the supervised cluster analyses or it is used to evaluate the results from these analyses? Enhancing the fluidity of the introduction by providing more ecological context and emphasizing the significance of generating this type of map would improve the transition to the research questions. l58 and l59 are more appropriate for Materials and Methods sectionIt's not clear in the methods why you “created three different maps for each trait” and why you filtered the observations according to PFTs before spatially aggregating the trait values. In section 2. 2 I didn’t understand the difference between 3) and 4). In section 2. 3, specifying the total number of traits considered would enhance clarity. don’t miss anything, it is only specified in the abstract. It is unclear why the analysis described in section 2. 4 was performed if the most important traits were identified in section 2. 3. Fig. 3: Parallel coordinates plots are already complex visualizations to comprehend, and as it stands, I don't think the figure adds much value, unless it is thoroughly explored and contextualized in the text. Fig. 5: The background color (gray) on the map is too similar to the light blue, making it difficult to interpret the figure. Why is there such an extensive comparison with the results from aDGVM2? This was not anticipated based on the main questions posed in the Introduction section. 4. 2, you briefly touch on the importance of examining trait covariation, highlighting its significance compared to focusing solely on individual traits. However, given that some of your results seem to directly address this aspect, it would be beneficial to delve deeper into this topic and explicitly connect it with the obtained results. acknowledge that analyzing the occurrence and abundance of traits in each biome may not be the primary focus of your manuscript, it presents an opportunity for a valuable complementary analysis. By examining the diversity of traits within each biome, specifically by assessing the variance in their distribution, you can provide additional insights into the functional composition and ecological characteristics of these biomes. This analysis could help elucidate patterns of trait diversity and provide a deeper understanding of the ecological processes driving biome differentiation.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Scientists use cell reprogramming to turn adult cells into pluripotent stem cells. [SEP] Text: Neurons derived from reprogrammed fibroblasts functionally integrate into the fetal brain and improve symptoms of rats with Parkinson's disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105, 5856–5861. CrossrefPubMed1997. Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cellsNature385810-813. Wilmut, I. , Schnieke, A. E. , McWhir, J. , et al. (1997). Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells. Nature 385, 810–813. CrossrefPubMed2009. MicroRNA profiling of human-induced pluripotent stem cellsDev. 18749-758. Wilson, K. D. , Venkatasubrahmanyam, S. , Jia, F. , et al. (2009). MicroRNA profiling of human-induced pluripotent stem cells. Dev. 18, 749–758. CrossrefPubMed2009. piggyBac transposition reprograms fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cellsNature458766-770. Woltjen, K. , Michael, I. P. , Mohseni, P. , et al. (2009). piggyBac transposition reprograms fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature 458, 766–770. CrossrefPubMed2010. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from newborn marmoset skin fibroblastsRes. 4180-188. Wu, Y. , Zhang, Y. , Mishra, A. , et al. (2010). Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from newborn marmoset skin fibroblasts. Res. 4, 180–188. CrossrefPubMed2004. Stepwise reprogramming of B cells into macrophagesCell117663-676. Xie, H. , Ye, M. , Feng, R. , et al. (2004). Stepwise reprogramming of B cells into macrophages. Cell 117, 663–676. CrossrefPubMed2009. Phenotypic correction of murine hemophilia A using an iPS cell-based therapyProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA106808-813. Xu, D. , Alipio, Z.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Sustainable architecture completely eliminates energy costs. [SEP] Text: Perspective| June 19 2013 A sustainable energy policy for Slovenia: Considering the potential of renewables and investment costs M. Obrecht; M. Obrecht a) Department of Technology and Protection, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Maribor, Razlagova 14, 2000 Maribor, for other works by this author on: PubMed 10. 1063/1. 4811283 2301. Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) toolbar search Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search of Renewable and Search |In this paper, Slovenia's current energy policy is analyzed, the potential of renewable energy sources (RES) is evaluated and examined, and new options for the development of an alternative energy policy and the transition of the Slovenian energy industry into a sustainable energy industry are proposed and cross compared. On the basis of current and future electricity consumption, the evaluated RES potentials, and calculated investment prices, options for alternative investment projects and the alternative development of a more sustainable energy policy in Slovenia are identified. These possibilities and the current energy policy are analyzed and cross-compared from the economic and environmental viewpoint, with special emphasis on investment costs. At the end of the paper, the implementation costs of the proposed alternative energy policy investments are evaluated, calculated, and cross-compared, and the advantages and disadvantages of the alternative energy policy are evaluated. The proposed alternatives have significant benefits in comparison to the existing energy strategy, which focuses on a new lignite thermal power plant. Reconstruction of the existing thermal power plant in Šoštanj is a considerably cheaper alternative and a sound transitory solution for Slovenia. Investment in a multiple fuel power plant is also a cheaper and more efficient alternative, which, in addition, enables the usage of local biomass. Another considerably cheaper and more efficient alternative with lower emissions is a gas-steam power plant. The most promising alternative is found to be electricity production from local RES, resulting in a significant reduction of energy related emissions and domestic sources usage. The estimated investment costs for the last alternative are comparable to the costs for the implementation of Slovenia's current energy policy. I. greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), rising energy demand, and high import energy dependency are at the heart of energy problems in both Slovenia and the (the EU) as a whole. Current energy import dependency in the EU and in Slovenia stands at approximately 50% (Office1).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Biodiversity loss can negatively impact ecosystem resilience and function. [SEP] Text: Writing errors: I believe a parenthesis is missing for the reference in the following sentences: ”Biomes are commonly used to represent major vegetation formations and to map their biogeographic distributions. Multiple biome maps were developed based on a variety of different data sources Beierkuhnlein and Fischer (2021). ” “Despite the increasing availability of trait data in databases such TRY (Kattge et al. , 2020) and extrapolated global biome maps Wolf et al. (2022); Boonman et al. (2020), a systematic assessment of the performance of traits for biome classification and an identification of the most appropriate traits remain elusive. ” Citation: AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Simon Scheiter, 07 May 2024 The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: Citation: Report abuse × Please provide a reason why you see this comment as being abusive. You might include your name and email but you can also stay anonymous. Please provide a reason why you see this comment as being abusive. Please confirm reCaptcha. Comment* Name: Email: Share Status: closed Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-276', Peter van Bodegom, 02 Apr 2024 Scheiter et al present an interesting approach to delineate biomes based on traits information. They use a combination of a number of extensive databases and interesting approaches. Even so, I have a number of major and minor comments. Major comments:- A main concern is that some components of the methods do not logically link to each other, which does not help the story line. This specifically applies to two analyses; analyses described in section 2. 4 and 2. 6. a. The aim of the analysis in 2. 4 and how it contributes to the story line remains unclear to me. You create, for each of the four cases (? ) a trait set to work with. First of all, I don’t understand why that is needed because you already tested the performance of different complete trait sets in 2. 3. So, why would you continue working with subsets of traits if you already know how the entire combination of traits works? Now, you seem to throw away most of the information presented in 3. 1 instead of building upon them.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Scientists use cell reprogramming to turn adult cells into pluripotent stem cells. [SEP] Text: , Fink, L. M. , et al. (2009). Phenotypic correction of murine hemophilia A using an iPS cell-based therapy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106, 808–813. CrossrefPubMed2007. Strategies and new developments in the generation of patient-specific pluripotent stem cellsCell139-49. Yamanaka, S. (2007). Strategies and new developments in the generation of patient-specific pluripotent stem cells. Cell 1, 39–49. CrossrefPubMed2009. A fresh look at iPS cellsCell13713-17. Yamanaka, S. (2009). A fresh look at iPS cells. Cell 137, 13–17. CrossrefPubMed2009. Induced pluripotent stem cells offer new approach to therapy in thalassemia and sickle cell anemia and option in prenatal diagnosis in genetic diseasesProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA1069826-9830. Ye, L. , Chang, J. C. , Lin, C. , et al. (2009). Induced pluripotent stem cells offer new approach to therapy in thalassemia and sickle cell anemia and option in prenatal diagnosis in genetic diseases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106, 9826–9830. CrossrefPubMed2012. Establishment of hepatic and neural differentiation platforms of Wilson's disease specific induced pluripotent stem cellsProtein Cell. Yi, F. , Qu, J. , Li, M. , et al. (2012). Establishment of hepatic and neural differentiation platforms of Wilson's disease specific induced pluripotent stem cells. doi: 10. 1007/s13238-012-2064-z. Crossref2007. Induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from human somatic cellsScience3181917-1920. Yu, J. , Vodyanik, M. A. , Smuga-Otto, K. , et al. (2007). Induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from human somatic cells. Science 318, 1917–1920. CrossrefPubMed2010. Transduction of cell-penetrating peptides into induced pluripotent stem cellsCell Transplant. 19901-909.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Sustainable architecture completely eliminates energy costs. [SEP] Text: This dependency, which results in economic, political, and social vulnerability within the EU, must be seen as a challenge and opportunity for the sustainable development of energy policy. Renewable energy sources (RES), which include hydro energy, wind energy, solar energy, biomass, geothermal energy, tidal, and wave energy, are seen as a means to short-term reduction as well as a long-term solution to the problems listed in the first paragraph. The EU is aware of the issues related to conventional energy sources, which include fossil fuels and nuclear energy, and therefore supports the development of RES and sustainable energy policy. Sustainable energy policy means an effective provision of energy in order to meet the needs of the future without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainable energy comprises two key components: specifically, energy efficiency (EE), i. e. , efficient energy consumption and RES. The investments in EE and RES are highly important since RES cause less pollution than fossil fuels and enable the use of local resources. In addition, they decrease import dependency and increase EU competitiveness at the same time. As 80% of all GHG emissions in the EU and in Slovenia are caused by energy production and use (Office1 and EEA2), the EU adopted legislation to lower GHG emissions in the energy sector—the so-called climate and energy package. With this regulation the EU intends to lower CO2eqv emissions by 20%, increase the share of RES to 20%, and decrease the use of primary energy through enhancing EE by 2020. These goals are also known as the 20/20/20 objectives and are included in the Directive on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (Directive 2009/28/EC); they are also mandatory for Slovenia. Slovenia's goal for the RES share is even higher—25% of RES in final energy consumption by 2020. The specific goals for each member state are set individually in accordance with their particular circumstances; they can, therefore, differ significantly from the general objectives. Although the 20/20/20 objectives are appropriately set at the EU level, there is a lack of common strategy for their implementation since implementation strategy remains within the jurisdiction of the individual member state.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Biodiversity loss can negatively impact ecosystem resilience and function. [SEP] Text: That does not only seem unnecessary, but also creates biases (because subsets of traits are used; an argument you make yourself in l. 275). Moreover, given the different selection criteria and procedure for different trait sets/cases, interpretation of these results is made even harder (not possible). Also, I don’t see the need for doing it. You use it in 2. 5 (but then only for the case 4), but I think that also could have been done directly on the best performing trait sets from 2. 3. To me, that would have been a much more direct way to test it and with fewer biases. b: I don't understand why the analysis in 2. 6 is useful to do given that you started with using trait maps to fit biome distributions based on complete biome maps. Why would you then derive additional trait maps, using a different procedure with other input data than used elsewhere in the paper. Moreover, you already have 31 biome maps to test performance against. So, why create another one? I would say the study is about understanding biome distributions based on traits (a story already told by the kappa values) and not about predicting/extrapolating biome distributions. In other words, the aim and position of this analysis in the story line is not clear to me. - Another methodological issue is that I do not understand why the authors thought it important to first use the traits in combination with species distribution models to make trait maps and then to couple those to the biome maps instead of using the locations of the trait observations (g. using the original TRY data, possibly aggregated to the 0. 5 degree pixels of the locations) directly? Coupling individual locations can be done to calibrate and validate biome models and avoid the major uncertainties involved in creating/ extrapolating the trait maps, i. e. i don't see that necessity. I wonder to which extent these uncertainties contributed to the low Kappa-values of the predictions. - I had hoped that the authors would have focused more on the ecological interpretation, rather than on the methodological aspects. a. : This already starts from the presentation of the data. With slightly different analyses and visualization, potentially a lot more ecological insights might have been gained. For instance, fig 7 presents the mean trait values for some biomes. However, these are individual traits while you tested how different trait combinations allow distinguishing among biomes.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Scientists use cell reprogramming to turn adult cells into pluripotent stem cells. [SEP] Text: Yukawa, H. , Noguchi, H. , Nakase, I. , et al. (2010). Transduction of cell-penetrating peptides into induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Transplant. 19, 901–909. CrossrefPubMed2009. Generation of transgene-free induced pluripotent mouse stem cells by the piggyBac transposonNat. Methods6363-369. Yusa, K. , Rad, R. , Takeda, J. , et al. (2009). Generation of transgene-free induced pluripotent mouse stem cells by the piggyBac transposon. Nat. Methods 6, 363–369. CrossrefPubMed2007. Induction of pluripotency: From mouse to humanCell131834-835. Zaehres, H. , and Scholer, H. (2007). Induction of pluripotency: From mouse to human. Cell 131, 834–835. CrossrefPubMed2011. Immunogenicity of induced pluripotent stem cellsNature474212-215. Zhao, T. , Zhang, Z. N. , Rong, Z. , et al. (2011). Immunogenicity of induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature 474, 212–215. CrossrefPubMed2009. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells using recombinant proteinsCell4381-384. Zhou, H. , Wu, S. , Joo, J. Y. , et al. (2009). Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells using recombinant proteins. Cell 4, 381–384. CrossrefPubMed2009. Adenoviral gene delivery can reprogram human fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cellsStem Cells272667-2674. Zhou, W. , and Freed, C. R. (2009). Adenoviral gene delivery can reprogram human fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells. 27, 2667–2674. CrossrefPubMed2009. Cardiomyocyte differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cellsCirculation1201513-1523. Zwi, L. , Caspi, O. , Arbel, G. , et al. (2009).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Sustainable architecture completely eliminates energy costs. [SEP] Text: In Slovenia, energy strategy is laid out in the Plan (Ministry of the Economy3) and Programme (IJŠ4); however, these documents are not fully consistent with the 20/20/20 objectives because they do not foresee any active increase in the share of RES and EE with regard to long-term energy industry development. Furthermore, the document does not include any implementation measures, which is the most challenging issue in achieving a sustainable energy industry. Sustainable development is becoming a new development paradigm, important for policy, science, and the general public, and therefore an extremely interesting research topic. Consequently, there has been a considerable increase in studies and research in the field of sustainable energy policy in the last five years. These studies and research have been carried out on global sustainable energy development as well as on sustainable energy development in specific countries or regions. In the first group, the global studies group, we highlight, e. g. , the developing of strategies for sustainable energy development, presented by Kaya and Yokobory,5 the planning of regional energy development concerning RES and environmental constraints (Cormio et al. 6), the Delphi study on the possibilities for future energy development conducted by Wehnert et al. ,7 an analysis and modelling of sustainable energy planning (Afgan8), a study on facing the world thirst for energy (Combanous and Bonnet9), an examination of global trends in clean energy investments carried out by McCrone and Aspinall,10 etc. In the second group, studies considering sustainable energy development in specific countries or regions, we highlight the modelling of renewable energy in India in 21st century by Iniyan et al. ,11 the scenario analysis of energy policy development in Slovenia (Electro-Vidmar12), a study on sustainability issues in planning local energy policy (Golc13), an assessment of modelling 100% renewable solutions for Denmark by Lund,14 the elaboration of a new energy development paradigm for Turkey (Saygin and Cetin15), an assessment of the impact of renewable energy deployment on local sustainability by del Rio and Burguillo,16 a study on the possibilities for sustainable energy policy development in Slovenia (Obrecht and Denac17), etc. II.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Biodiversity loss can negatively impact ecosystem resilience and function. [SEP] Text: However, nowhere we learn about those combinations (their synergies and their redundancies). For instance, I would have liked a so-called confusion matrix to see how for a given trait set, biomes were predicted properly or not and whether this is consistent among the different (best-performing) trait sets: which trait combinations (in addition to single traits) lead to the best predictions? Is that consistent between trait sets? Which trait combinations allow distinguishing e. g. ‘’subtropical forest’’ (just to name one) from other forests? Is that consistent through different trait sets? I think the analysis has the potential to bring such answer and thus ecological understanding, but that remains unexplored. b: Also the discussion section is now almost entirely focused on the methods instead of the question why the analysis is a useful thing to do and what we learn from it: I would be interested in seeing an ecological interpretation for how and why the results of the analysis help global ecological understanding of biome distribution and functioning. That would have led to a much more interesting story. In the current set-up, the discussion section does not provide much insight. Minor comments:The abstract does not help to tell the story. The method applied is not clearly explained, i. e. which steps were taken. Also the role of the 31 biome maps was unclear (in the abstract it seemed an input, while it is used to train the data. Also, a clear take home message is missing: ‘’we can make biome maps’’, but it is not explained why that is important or what is the added value of this study. I would have appreciated an explanation/argumentation on why choosing these trait maps instead of other maps, i. e. what is the conceptual advantage to these maps? (Also in light of the discussion section where it Is mentioned that different trait maps could have led to different outcomes) With some self-advertisement; Verheijen et al. NewPhytol 209: 563-575 also evaluated which traits could be used best to distinguish among biomes, albeit which is much smaller dataset and fewer traits (And a different method). Interestingly, similar traits popped up as important. At some parts in the methods section it is unclear whether all individual 31 biome maps were tested independently or whether an aggregate was used.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Scientists use cell reprogramming to turn adult cells into pluripotent stem cells. [SEP] Text: English 简体中文 6Publishing-Submit a Manuscript F6Publishing-世界华人消化杂志在线投稿 is committed to discovery and dissemination of knowledge About the a All 10. 4252/wjsc. v6. i5. 620] of This 4. 0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: Counts in Google of This 2014. doi: 10. 4252/wjsc. v6. i5. 620 Cell signalling pathways underlying induced pluripotent stem cell reprogramming ’s University of London, London SW17 0number: $[] Author contributions: All the authors solely contributed to this paper. Correspondence to: Dr. ’s University of 17 0RE, United Kingdom. k. hawkins@sgul. ac. uk Telephone: +44-20-87253646 Received: July 23, 2014Revised: September 5, 2014Accepted: September 17, 2014Published online: November 26, 2014Processing time: 66 Days and 19. 4 Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, somatic cells reprogrammed to the pluripotent state by forced expression of defined factors, represent a uniquely valuable resource for research and regenerative medicine. However, this methodology remains inefficient due to incomplete mechanistic understanding of the reprogramming process. In recent years, various groups have endeavoured to interrogate the cell signalling that governs the reprogramming process, including LIF/STAT3, BMP, PI3K, FGF2, Wnt, TGFβ and MAPK pathways, with the aim of increasing our understanding and identifying new mechanisms of improving safety, reproducibility and efficiency. This has led to a unified model of reprogramming that consists of 3 stages: initiation, maturation and stabilisation. Initiation of reprogramming occurs in almost all cells that receive the reprogramming transgenes; most commonly Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and cMyc, and involves a phenotypic mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Sustainable architecture completely eliminates energy costs. [SEP] Text: purpose of this paper is to propose possible strategies and evaluate the potential for the restructuring of the Slovenian energy industry into a sustainable energy industry consistent with the 20/20/20 goals and focused on RES, EE, and reduced energy consumption. By studying the available information and literature, the current situation was assessed, and future energy consumption was forecast. The advantages and disadvantages of the current and alternative energy strategy were also analysed. The statistical data presented in the study were gathered on the basis of the compilation method. Various independent sources were used, such as statistical offices, national, international, and private studies and analysis, scientific papers, and national energy balances. The data on energy consumption, RES share, exploited and unexploited RES potentials, the barriers to RES exploitation, and all other data were statistically analyzed, evaluated, and cross-compared. Data on the investment costs of various alternatives—conventional and renewable energy sources—were gathered from the currently available data on past, current, and future energy projects in Slovenia. These data were additionally compared and verified with data from the research included in the preparation of the Programme and Plan. RES potentials were evaluated on the basis of independent research studies and evaluation included in the Programme and Plan. Possible strategies for the exploitation of RES are evaluated on the basis of energy demand, technical and economical RES potential, and the intention of the energy sector to invest in such projects. At least one energy company has already shown interest in all of the proposed investments in RES included in alternative No. 4. This means that all of the options presented are feasible and ready for implementation. The presented calculations on GHG emissions are based on the current emission level—in particular lignite powered facilities and forecast emissions for new power plants currently under construction. Estimates and comparative analysis of the economic aspect are based mainly on investment costs. Production costs are also identified and compared, although not examined in detail. The survey and analysis of Slovenian RES potentials is based on currently established economic, technological, and environmental acceptability. We assume that technological and economic RES potential will increase in the future due to technological development, internalization of external costs, and the increased price of fossil fuels. The environmental potential will be reduced because of stricter environmental requirements. III. consumption in Slovenia has shown moderate growth in the last ten years. is willing to reach the 20/20/20 objectives, consumption of primary energy must be curbed and reduced.

Output: contrast