Input: Claim: Mechanical stress can induce conformational changes in protein structures. [SEP] Text: 22% and 21. 78% with 97. 34% and 96. 28% of all residues in the most-favored regions of the Ramachandran plot, respectively. Both structures do not exhibit any Ramachandran outlier. Detailed refinement statistics are summarized in Table 1. Figures were prepared with PyMOL (v. 1. 3; Schrödinger) and Chimera (Pettersen et al. , 2004). ATPase activity assays Request a detailed protocol The ATPase activity of ctPrp43 and all of its mutants was monitored in an NADH-dependent enzyme coupled assay by recording the decrease of NADH absorption at 340 nm as initially described by Agarwal and coworkers (Agarwal et al. , 1978). All reactions were performed as a set of triplicates in 25 mM Tris/HCl pH 7. 5, 150 mM KCl and 3 mM MgCl2 at 25°C on an Ultrospec 2100 pro UV/Vis spectrophotometer (GE Healthcare). Reactions were supplemented with 250 nM NADH, 500 nM phosphoenolpyruvate, 6–8. 3 U/ml pyruvate kinase (Sigma-Aldrich, UK) and 9–14 U/ml lactic dehydrogenase (Sigma-Aldrich, UK). ctPrp43 and mutants were used at a concentration range between 0. 25–10 µM. G-patch proteins and U16-RNA (Sigma-Aldrich, UK) were each added in five-fold excess over ctPrp43. kcat and KM values were determined according to Michaelis and Menten equation. Helicase activity assays Request a detailed protocol Helicase activity was monitored with a fluorescence-based unwinding assay (Belon and Frick, 2008) using a dsRNA substrate with a 3’ssRNA overhang, consisting of 5’--3’ and 5’-(Cy5)--(BBQ)-3’, as previously established for scPrp43 (Christian et al. , 2014). In this assay, a decrease of fluorescence is measured which is caused by the quenching of BBQ on Cy5.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some coastal areas are investing in seawalls and barriers to protect against rising sea levels. [SEP] Text: Ronan 170–181AbstractFreshman engineering students were required to design a system of moveable storm surge barriers for the metropolitan area. They first selected barrier locations by evaluating flooding potential, land use, and topography. Student teams then developed conceptual designs of barriers for four sites, focusing on conformance to local site geometry: (1) barrier designs consist of sets of huge sliding vertical panels that are stored in chambers near each shore. (2) Kill barrier design is a set of vertical plates that are mounted across the channel and can be pivoted 90° to block off flow. Kill design concepts are a fabric barrier and a pivoting pedestrian bridge. (3) River proposed barriers incorporate designs similar to those used in England and the Netherlands. (4) student teams opted to expand the protected zone with much longer barriers to protect the south shores of Queens and Brooklyn; proposed barrier designs include submerged gates similar to those under construction in Venice, pivoting boardwalks along the shore communities, and a new bridge that also functions as a barrier when radial gates are closed. This design exercise taught the students that engineering design cannot focus on just technical issues—environmental, economic, social and political issues must also be addressed. . Abrahams 182–190AbstractThis paper will present a conceptual design for a storm surge barrier across the East River, a 25. 7-km-long (16-mile-long) tidal estuary that extends from the southern tip of to Throgs Neck. Normally water flow is tidal in nature, flowing between Sound to the north and Harbor to the south. Based on recent studies, the anticipated storm surge at ranges from 2. 1 m (7 ft. ) for a Category 1 hurricane to 6. 7 m (22 ft. ) for a Category 4 hurricane (2008). To mitigate the consequences of flooding from hurricanes and northeasters, it has been proposed, and is the subject of this symposium, to place storm surge barriers that would protect many areas of City from flooding. The waterway is heavily trafficked, primarily by barge and tug combinations, but larger vessels may also be present, particularly at the northern reaches. The daily tidal variations are significant at the northern end of the waterway, making construction in this busy waterway a particular challenge. Barrier: A Dutch VisionP. L. M. Jansen and P. T. M.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Only ancient seed varieties contribute to agricultural biodiversity. [SEP] Text: Certains producteurs se démarquent en introduisant une part plus ou moins grande de variétés régionales dans leurs plants de culture, dans la recherche d’une éthique et d’un sens à leur travail : c’est une démarche naissante, qui nécessite la disponibilité des semences et des tests comparatifs. 13 - Voir notamment le no 645 de la revue Jardins de France (janvier-février 2017). 32La sensibilisation du public à la biodiversité cultivée constitue un enjeu à dimensions multiples : il permet une plus grande identification d’une gastronomie régionale et est un atout pour attirer et fidéliser le visiteur en soulignant l’identité d’un territoire, en lui proposant des expériences mettant en jeu les cinq sens. Le bien-être et le ressourcement peuvent aussi provenir du goût. L’explication de cet engouement semble avoir aussi un motif scientifique, qui pourrait devenir un argument déterminant pour la relance de la plupart d’entre elles : leur valeur nutritionnelle13. L’enjeu sanitaire et nutritionnel 14 -. « Fruits et légumes, les micronutriments, critère de sélecti (. . . ) 33Ces dernières années, des études sur des pommes, des carottes, des tomates ont conclu à l’importance cruciale de conserver les variétés anciennes, porteuses de micronutriments souvent supérieurs aux variétés modernes. Les variétés de pommes à cidre (des variétés surtout anciennes) possèdent des polyphénols en quantité au moins deux à sept fois supérieure à des variétés de table classiques14.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Mechanical stress can induce conformational changes in protein structures. [SEP] Text: Quenching only occurs if the dsRNA is disrupted and an internal hairpin is formed within the labeled RNA strand, positioning BBQ and Cy5 in close spatial proximity. Assays were performed in 25 mM Tris/HCl pH 7. 5, 150 mM KCl, 3 mM MgCl2 and 1 mM ATP at 20°C and recorded on a Fluoromax III (Yvon). ctPrp43 and ctPrp43 mutants were used at a concentration of 250 nM, G-patch proteins at 1. 25 µM and the dsRNA (AXOlabs, Germany) at 500 nM. The excitation wavelength was set to 643 nm and the emission was measured at 673 nm with a slit setting of 2. 5 nm/2. 0 nm. The initial slope (ΔF/s) of each reaction, which is the maximum reaction velocity, was determined in three independent measurements per sample (for example measurements see Figure 4—figure supplement 3). To determine the amount of unwound RNA in nM/min, data were normalized with regard to the fluorescence signals at 667 nm for the intact dsRNA and the completely quenched ssRNA, respectively. The mean value of the initial slope (nM/min) for the reactions with ctPrp43 and all ctPrp43 mutants was plotted with the corresponding standard deviation. Determination of reduced cysteine residues Request a detailed protocol The number of reduced cysteines was determined using Ellman’s reagent (5,5’-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)) (Ellman, 1959). Reactions were carried out under denaturing conditions in 8 M urea in the presence of 400 µM Ellman’s reagent and 5 µM ctPrp43 or ctPrp43-IDSB. The number of sulfhydryl groups was calculated by measuring the absorption at 412 nm using an Ultrospec 2100 pro UV/Vis spectrophotometer (GE Healthcare) and applying an extinction coefficient of 14290 M−1 cm−1. RNA-binding assay Request a detailed protocol RNA binding of ctPrp43 and ctPrp43-HT was analyzed via fluorescence anisotropy measurements using a Fluoromax VI (Yvon).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some coastal areas are investing in seawalls and barriers to protect against rising sea levels. [SEP] Text: Dircke 191–206AbstractA storm surge barrier closing of to protect the metropolitan area from storm surges has been designed following a systematic design approach. Functions and requirements of the barrier have been determined. Important functions are retaining the storm surge, allowing ships to pass under normal conditions, and allowing sufficient tidal flow in the Harbor Bay. A large span of 860 ft. , the Narrows is required to allow the biggest ships to pass; the sill level of this gate is 66 ft. below the mean water level. An additional 100,000 sq. ft. wet cross section is estimated to be sufficient for tidal flow. Several design options have been taken into account including sector gates, lifting gates, and flap gates. A combination of a large sliding sector gate with 18 lifting gates has been selected. The choice is based on experience with storm surge barriers in the Netherlands and combining favorable aspects of different types of barriers. Reliability and maintenance are important criteria for the selection. The location for the storm surge barrier is half a mile north of the Verrazano Bridge. This location has many advantages regarding depth of the channel, tie-in structures and length of the closure. The height of the gates is only slightly above the maximum water level of 28 ft. above mean water, allowing for wave overtopping during storm. The reduced height results in a cheaper construction. This is possible because of a large basin behind the barrier. Overtopping waves will add 2 ft. of water to the basin. Since barriers are closed early this limited rise is acceptable. The costs of the storm surge barrier are roughly estimated at US$ 6. 5 billion. A significant reduction of costs is possible if the wet cross section can be reduced. This conceptual design of a storm surge barrier in the is presented as a contribution to the debate how to deal with the increasing risks of a storm surge in New York, given the expected impact of climate change and realizing experience in the Netherlands has learned that investment in protection against floods is a good investment. Barrier: Design ConceptLawrence J. Murphy and 207–217AbstractKill located between to the east and to the west is a commercial and recreational waterway that runs between. The information presented here considers the design of a storm surge barrier located across the that would work in concert with barriers located on the East River, the Narrows, and Rockaway to protect the island of Manhattan from impacts of a Category 3 hurricane and its associated storm surge.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Only ancient seed varieties contribute to agricultural biodiversity. [SEP] Text: Ces pommes pouvant être consommées aussi en jus après pasteurisation, la production des vergers conservatoires est à présent mieux valorisée, comme à Savigny-le-Temple, en 2019. 15 -. ,. ,. “Sour cherry (L. ) anthcyanins as ingredient (. . . ) 34Une autre étude récente – américaine – a montré la richesse des cerises de Montmorency en anthocyanes15 : ces analyses ne pourraient-elles pas constituer un argument pour inciter à consommer ces griottes en sirop ou en clafoutis et redécouvrir les variétés en fonction de leur utilisation D’une manière plus générale, il est opportun de multiplier les études comparatives menées par des chercheurs indépendants sur des variétés cultivées dans des conditions identiques et d’inciter les obtenteurs à donner toute leur importance à ce critère. 35L’enjeu sanitaire est considérable, en particulier pour les jeunes générations, à une époque où l’obésité constitue un défi majeur. Il serait utile que les résultats soient plus médiatisés. Un cercle vertueux pourrait être créé en impliquant les médias horticoles, les nutritionnistes, le grand public et les chercheurs. 36De même, une corrélation entre valeur nutritionnelle et goût pour chaque variété mérite d’être établie, car nombre d’entre elles, qu’elles soient anciennes ou modernes, pourraient bien conjuguer les deux. 16 - Un hybride F1 est la première génération d’un croisement entre deux variétés distinctes de lignée (. . . ) 17 - Voir le site : (. .

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Mechanical stress can induce conformational changes in protein structures. [SEP] Text: 5’ 6-carboxyfluorescein-labeled U16-RNA (Sigma-Aldrich, UK) was used at a concentration of 0. 1 µM and ctPrp43 or ctPrp43-HT at concentrations between 0. 01 µM to 50 µM in the presence of a 100-fold excess of (Jena Bioscience, Germany). RNA-binding assays were performed in 25 mM Tris pH 7. 5, 150 mM KCl and 3 mM MgCl2 at 25°C. The excitation wavelength was set to 490 nm and the emission was measured at 517 nm with a slit setting of 5 nm/5 nm. Data points were analyzed as a set of triplicates and for each sample, and the anisotropy was determined as the mean value of ten individual measurements. The measured anisotropy was normalized with respect to the sample with a concentration of 0 µM ctPrp43 or ctPrp43-HT. Spliceosome purification and reconstitution Request a detailed protocol ΔPrp2 complexes were assembled in heat-inactivated extracts from the yeast strain prp2-1 (Yean and Lin, 1991) by incubating with Actin7 pre-mRNA containing MS2 aptamers at 23°C for 45 min (Figure 5—figure supplement 1). Samples were centrifuged for 10 min at 9000 rpm and loaded onto columns containing 200 μl of amylose matrix equilibrated with GK75 buffer (20 m-KOH pH 7. 9, 1. 5 mM MgCl2, 75 mM KCl, 5% glycerol, 0. 01% NP40). The matrix was washed twice with 10 ml GK75 buffer. To obtain ILSs (Fourmann et al. , 2013), Bact ΔPrp2 complexes bound to the amylose matrix were supplemented with a 10-fold molar excess of recombinant proteins (Prp2, Spp2, Cwc25, Prp16, Slu7 and Prp18) and the reaction volume was adjusted to 400 µl with GK75 buffer; then 40 µl of 10x ‘rescue’ solution (200 mM KPO4 (pH 7.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some coastal areas are investing in seawalls and barriers to protect against rising sea levels. [SEP] Text: NY/. Padron and 218–249AbstractHalcrow has undertaken the development of a concept for a storm surge barrier system comprising causeway and gates for the assessment of feasibility. Numerous options looking at barriers or barrages at locations in proximity to the Narrows, Arthur Kill, the River and others acting as an integrated system have been explored. Halcrow's approach is to consider the feasibility of a 5-mile-long outer harbor gateway that would span the Bight. York-Gateway project would provide for a berm/levee on and the Rockaway Peninsula, with additional gate features if required to enhance circulation and water quality. It is noted that the barrier system could potentially facilitate an alternative transportation route around the southern end of metro New York. Although the scale of this effort may seem outside of recent U. S. design parameters, the effort is well within recent design and construction of barrages internationally. Review Panel: in City? 250–256AbstractThis 88. 00 Add to cart Buy E-book Version in by: Douglas Hill, Sc. D. , P. E. , M. . Bowman, Ph. D. , P. E. Jagtar S. Khinda, P. E. InformationAgainst the Deluge: Barriers to York CityMar 30, 2009 | Brooklyn, New York, United States© 2012 of on Management (CDRM) (GPP) Publication (GSP) Publication (IRP) in Mechanics () Manuals of Practice (MOP) on Engineering (TCCRE) Council on Engineering (TCLEE) in (TEMSP) Back to top of 1801 20191-4400703-295-6300 | 800-548-2723 TERMS & & us @© 1996–2024 of Civil Engineers. All rights reserved, including rights for text and data mining and training of artificial technologies or similar technologies. Can't sign in? Forgot your username? Enter your email address below and we will send you your username Email* the address matches an existing account you will receive an email with instructions to retrieve your username Create a new account user password has been changed close Username* Forgot username? Password* Forgot password? Reset it here Keep me logged in Fields with * are mandatory Don't have an account? Create one here Email* Fields with * are mandatory Already have an account? Login here Can't sign in? Forgot your password?

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Only ancient seed varieties contribute to agricultural biodiversity. [SEP] Text: . ) 37Enfin, il serait nécessaire de comparer les mêmes variétés sur des sols différents : conventionnel et biologique, hors sol et en plein champ. Une étude menée au sein du réseau Semences paysannes montre que les variétés anciennes cultivées en plein champ possèdent douze à quinze fois plus de micronutriments que les variétés hybrides F116 sur le même terrain. Ces études ont été menées sur les tomates, les aubergines, les poivrons, les concombres17. 38Vu le nombre de variétés encore disponibles et les créations nouvelles, dont certaines ont un goût non moins intéressant, il est important de trouver le dispositif qui favorise les recherches et la communication sur elles, et de définir le maillage territorial idoine. Quelle organisation pour une évolution durable des variétés anciennes 39Dans la nouvelle organisation nationale en cours de développement, l’échelon régional joue un rôle déterminant pour la préservation et la valorisation des variétés. Les territoires voient dans la biodiversité domestique la possibilité de valoriser leurs produits d’origine et sont eux aussi plus réceptifs à la nécessité de préserver ce patrimoine. Le succès de la fête de la Vache nantaise, à Plessé (Loire-Atlantique), en septembre 2018, qui a rassemblé 65 000 visiteurs, témoigne de cet engouement. 40Au niveau des actions récurrentes, les exemples les plus aboutis sont donnés par le centre régional des ressources génétiques des Hauts-de-France (depuis 1986) ou le pôle Biodom Centre.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Mechanical stress can induce conformational changes in protein structures. [SEP] Text: 4), 10 mM MgCl2, 20 mM ATP, 10% PEG 8000) were added to the reaction that was incubated at 23°C for 45 min. After thorough mixing, the reaction was incubated at 23°C for 45 min. Matrices were subsequently washed 3 times with 10 column volumes of GK75 buffer. Then a 10-fold molar excess of recombinant Prp22 was added and the volume was adjusted to 400 µl with 1x ‘rescue’ solution prepared in GK75 buffer. After thorough mixing, the reaction was incubated at 23°C for 15 min. The supernatant (containing the released ILS) was collected, and GK75 buffer was added to the matrix to a final volume of 400 µl. After gentle mixing and repeated centrifugation for 1 min at 2000 rpm the supernatant was collected and then loaded onto linear 10–30% (v/v) glycerol gradients containing GK75 buffer. Samples were centrifuged for 16 h at 21,500 rpm in a TH660 rotor (Thermo Scientific) and harvested manually from the top in 23 fractions of 175 µl. Fractions were analyzed by Cherenkov counting in a scintillation counter. Peak fractions containing ILSs were pooled and the glycerol concentration was adjusted to 5% with GK75 buffer without glycerol. Spliceosomal disassembly assays Request a detailed protocol To dismantle purified ILSs (Fourmann et al. , 2016b), samples were incubated with distinct combinations of a 10-fold molar excess over the spliceosome of recombinant scPrp43, ctPrp43, ctPrp43-IDSB, ctPrp43-HT, ctPrp43-HL, ctPrp43-HT&HL and scNtr(1•2). An additional step of incubation was performed for the variant ctPrp43-IDSB in the presence of 0. 5 mM DTT for 5 min at 23°C. The volume was adjusted to 400 µl with 1× ‘rescue’ solution prepared in GK75 buffer containing ATP and only for the variant ctPrp43-IDSB 0. 5 mM DTT was added to the reaction.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Excessive social media use has been linked to increased anxiety and depression. [SEP] Text: -19 PreprintsProtocolsVideosJournalsTools & a 10. 21203/rs. 3. rs-3234361/v1This work is licensed under a CC BY 4. 0 LicenseStatus:PostedVersion 1posted You are reading this latest preprint versionAbstractThis paper studies the adverse effects and potential mechanisms of social media overload in a rainstorm environment. This paper takes the stressor-strain-outcome (SSO) as the theoretical basis to build a model, which mainly reflects social media overload (information overload, communication overload and social overload), social media fatigue and disaster anxiety. The partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method was used to collect 547 valid samples for the study. The final results show that social media fatigue is caused by social media overload, while disaster anxiety is formed by social media fatigue. Social media fatigue partially mediates communication overload and disaster anxiety. This study advances the literature on social media adverse effects research and SSO and provides practical implications to social media users and risk management departments. social media overloadsocial media fatiguedisaster anxietyrainstorm disasterSSOFiguresFigure 1Figure 21. IntroductionAs the frequency and impact of natural disasters are increasing overtime, disasters harasses social order, interfere with people's lives, damage infrastructure and dismay ecosystems which leads to it causing a significant impact to human security (1, 2). A natural disaster is a traumatic event with a broad impact (3). It has the potential to trigger fear for personal safety in those who experience the disaster (4). Therefore, natural disasters are associated with widespread negative psychological and physical health consequences. Researchers are concerned about the impact of natural disasters on people's psychological conditions, such as psychological distress and psychiatric disorders (5). People are prone to anxiety when facing difficult situations or threats caused by disasters (6). Anxiety is also a central problem which people need to overcome in response to disasters (4). Research has found that disaster-induced anxiety problems are more common than depression or PSTD (post-traumatic stress disorder) (7). Anxiety impairs the mental health of people who are exposed to disasters (6). A previous study founds that anxiety leads to cognitive bias, which will interrupt people’s judgment and affect their crisis response (8). When studying the impact of anxiety on disaster prevention behavior, Wirtz et al.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Only ancient seed varieties contribute to agricultural biodiversity. [SEP] Text: En Île-de-France, le programme régional de la biodiversité cultivée mené entre 2008 et 2016 à partir de la commune de Savigny-le-Temple (Seine-et-Marne) a permis de conduire plusieurs actions en s’appuyant sur le modèle suivant, à l’instar de ses aînés. L’animation du réseau se partage en quatre étapes : 41recensement → conservation → identification → valorisation 18 - Il est important d’identifier les provenances pour une même variété, car il peut y avoir des diff (. . . ) 42À chacune de ces étapes sont placés des acteurs ou partenaires, locaux, ou nationaux. Il serait trop long de détailler ici la matrice qui en découle, d’autant que certains d’entre eux peuvent jouer un rôle dans chacune d’elles. Plusieurs spécialistes interrogés préfèrent conserver une variété avant de l’identifier, afin d’être sûrs de ne pas la perdre, d’autant que les accessions18 d’une même variété peuvent être différentes. 43L’exemple du navet de Viarmes (Val-d’Oise), permet d’illustrer ce programme : sauvé in extremis d’un jardin de son dernier cultivateur, en 2008, par l’action concertée du parc naturel régional Oise Pays-de-France, qui l’a recensé, du programme régional de la biodiversité cultivée d’Île-de-France, qui a financé son identification et mis les acteurs en relation et du CRB Brassicacées de l’INRA de Ploudaniel, qui a multiplié les graines et conservé la ressource.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Mechanical stress can induce conformational changes in protein structures. [SEP] Text: After thorough mixing, the mixture was incubated at 23°C for 15 min and then subjected to glycerol gradient centrifugation for 2 h at 60,000 rpm in a TH660 rotor and harvested manually from the top in 23 fractions of 175 µl. Each fraction was digested with followed by phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol (PCI) extraction. RNA was precipitated with ethanol, and then analyzed by PAGE on 8% polyacrylamide, 8 M urea gels (PAGE) and visualized by autoradiography or Northern blot analysis. Accession codes Request a detailed protocol Coordinates and structure factors of ctPrp43ΔN•U7•ADP•BeF3- (PDBid: 5lta), ctPrp43ΔN•ADP•BeF3-(HR) (PDBid: 5ltj) and ctPrp43ΔN•ADP•BeF3-(LR) (PDBid: 5ltk) have been deposited in the Bank. Add a comment + Open annotations. The current annotation count on this page is being calculated. Data availability The following data sets were generated Tauchert MJ (2016) Crystal structure of the Prp43-ADP-BeF3-U7-RNA complex Publicly available at the (accession no: 5LTA). Crystal structure of the Prp43-ADP-BeF3 complex (in orthorhombic space group) Publicly available at the (accession no: 5ltj). Crystal structure of the Prp43-ADP-BeF3 complex (in hexagonal space group) Publicly available at the (accession no: 5LTK). The following previously published data sets were used Tauchert MJ (2016) Crystal structure of the RNA-helicase Prp43 from Chaetomium thermophilum bound to ADP Publicly available at the (accession no: 5D0U). Structure of 4 complex Publicly available at the (accession no: 5AOR). Visualizing ATP-dependent RNA Translocation by the NS3 Helicase from HCV Publicly available at the (accession no: 3O8R). 771. 221. PubMed 490. PubMed 410. PubMed 1153. PubMed 344. PubMed 1802.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Excessive social media use has been linked to increased anxiety and depression. [SEP] Text: found that high level of anxiety can lead to a decrease in individual preparedness behaviors to deal with disasters (9). Anxiety makes people think they are incapable of responding to threats and even leads them to give up taking appropriate responses (10). Social media has become an essential tool for dealing with natural disasters (11). It plays a vital role in helping people cope with the threat of disaster events in the following aspects: (1) information transmission, (2) early preparedness and warning for emergency and crises, (3) environmental importance and healthy development, (4) weighing public oo hparticipation at the disaster and concern level (12, 13). Scholars emphasize that despite the important role played by social media in disaster responses, its negative consequences cannot be ignored (14, 15). Social media overload is a typical adverse consequence of overuse of social media (16). Overload refers to an individual’s subjective perception and evaluation of the amount of information, people or objects that exceeds their own processing capacity (17). Social media overload refers to users’ overload experience in using social media (18). Some scholars who had conducted researches in terms of the impact social media overload found that social media overload harm people's psychology and behavior (18). Some scholars found that the overload experience caused by excessive use of social media and exposure to the online news during the COVID-19 exacerbated people's anxiety about the epidemic (19–21). Murthy and Gross found that the public was more anxious due to excessive exposure to false information and rumors on social media (22). reported that information overload was associated with general anxiety among individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic (23, 24). Bala et al. and Garfin et al. found that excessive use of social media led to overload, which exacerbated users’ panic about crises and even led to wrong responses (25, 26). Hughes et al. , Kumar et al. and Carr found that the consequence of social media overload was that users were difficult to distinguish, judge and screen valuable information, which, therefore, made it more complicated for users to effectively utilize the platform to cope with crises and maybe make emergency managers too confused to cope with the public's response to a disaster (27–29).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Only ancient seed varieties contribute to agricultural biodiversity. [SEP] Text: ) 46Dans les années 2000 et dans le sillage d’exemples célèbres (le Potager du roi à Versailles, Villandry et Valmer, en Indre-et-Loire, Saint-Jean-de-Beauregard, dans l’Essonne), de nouveaux jardins potagers créés ou réhabilités se sont développés avec pour axe central la préservation et la mise en valeur des fruits et légumes d’une région : Lacroix-Laval près de Lyon, le Potager extraordinaire en Vendée, la Grange-la-Prévôté à Savigny-le-Temple). Ce dernier a constitué le point d’appui du programme régional qui a permis la remise en culture de plusieurs variétés, a organisé des expositions sur le haricot19 et les céréales, construit une base de données des ressources génétiques d’Île-de-France mise en ligne depuis 201620 (fig. 3). Figure 3(jpeg, 328k) Potager du domaine de la Grange-la-Prévôté. Phot. Gilles Debarle. © Gilles Debarle. 47Le domaine de Lacroix-Laval (Rhône) présente les variétés du bassin lyonnais qui sont ensuite rediffusées dans les jardins et espaces de maraîchage des environs. L’engouement du public se confirme d’année en année dans ces jardins, qui font des émules dans toute la France.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Mechanical stress can induce conformational changes in protein structures. [SEP] Text: As the protein is simulated under constant energy during each interval, the transferred energy continues to propagate through the protein, resulting in a slight increase in the overall temperature. In RIP, the rotational velocities are calculated directly from the rotational inertia of the sidechain. Thus we expect the rotational velocities of the χ angles in different sidechains to be different. For instance, at 300 K the phenyl ring in Phe should rotate more slowly about its χ2 angle than would the methyl-group in Ile about its χ2 angle. In order to demonstrate that RIP generates plausible χ angle behavior, we simulated the 17 amino acids that possess sidechains having χ-angles using a standard MD protocol. The amino acids were capped with methyl groups, and then simulated in AMBER with GBSA for 10 ps using a standard thermal bath at 300 K. The average values of the χ angle rotational velocities are then extracted from these trajectories, providing a reference set of rotational velocities for the χ-angles of each amino acid. We then performed the RIP method on the same 17 amino acids. The average rotational velocities were extracted from the trajectories of the RIP simulations, and compared to the standard set of rotational velocities (Figure 2A). correlation coefficient is 0. 84, which shows that the RIP protocol generates the relative differences of the rotational velocities found in the standard simulations. The fit is better for low rotational velocities, which correspond to the motion of the heavier sidechains. The higher rotational velocities, which deviate more from a straight-line fit, correspond to the small sidechains or the ends of the long sidechains. Download: PPTPowerPoint slidePNGlarger imageTIFForiginal imageFigure 2. Comparison of the RIP method to standard molecular dynamics using methyl-capped amino acids. (A) The correlation of the average rotational velocities of the χ angles of the 17 amino acids that possess χ angles. Units are in [rad ps−1]. In the graph, the Y-axis standard velocities (extracted from standard molecular-dynamics at 300 K) are plotted against the X-axis RIP velocities (in the RIP protocol the kinetic energy at 300 K are effectively transferred to the χ-angle degrees of freedom).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Excessive social media use has been linked to increased anxiety and depression. [SEP] Text: Social media overload usually includes three aspects: information overload, communication overload and social overload (18). Information overload indicates that information recipients receive far more information than they can handle (15). Communication overload mainly refers to the fact that an individual can conduct limited communication behavior (33). Social overload mainly refers to when the amount of social relationship is on the rise, the user's social state tends to be tired. This state will provide more social support to online contacts (34). 2. 3. ——media fatigue is a non-objective fatigue that can result from intemperate use (35). It is a subjective, multidimensional psychological state that includes feelings of tiredness, annoyance, anger, disappointment, loss of interest, as well as the decreased needs or motivations related to all aspects of social media use and interaction (35). People's long-term and high-frequency use of social media will continue to consume their cognitive energy, which may further lead to social media fatigue (36). People experience different social media fatigue intensity under the same circumstances (37). 2. 4. ——For the understanding of anxiety, scholars believe that "mainly through an unsatisfactory emotion. It reflects negative emotions such as anxiety and panic" (38). The appearance of anxiety is associated with mental blows and upcoming situations that may pose threats or dangers. Its subjective expression is individuals being nervous, unpleasant, and even too painful to control themselves (39). Anxiety reflects people’s fears about difficult situations or threats in the future (40). Previous research found that people's maladaptive response to disasters would lead to disaster anxiety (6). 2. 5 2. 5. 1. The relationship between social media overload and social media fatigue Social media overload will have a negative impact on users, making their psychological state tend to develop in a negative direction (41). Social media overload can lead to social media fatigue (42). Social media overload is mainly manifested in three aspects, which are social overload, information and communication overload (18). When people are experiencing disasters, they will continue to search, receive, identify, read and process the constant inflow of information on social media, resulting in the consumption of a lot of personal time and energy and the following sense of information overload (16). Studies reveal that information overload will cause users' social media fatigue (37, 42). Therefore, this study proposes the following hypothesis: H1a: Information overload is positively associated with social media fatigue.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Only ancient seed varieties contribute to agricultural biodiversity. [SEP] Text: Présenter une certaine diversité permet aussi de montrer les différences de comportement des variétés en fonction des aléas climatiques. Ainsi, au domaine de la Grange-la Prévôté, la cerise courte-queue de Montmorency s’est avérée moins sensible aux gelées tardives que les autres variétés franciliennes présentes. De même pour les pêches de Montreuil : avec la canicule et la sécheresse, on note une sensibilité différente aux maladies selon les variétés ou encore, l’évolution différente entre trois variétés anciennes de haricots nains sur une même parcelle et sans aucun traitement21 (fig. 4). Figure 4(jpeg, 276k) Cerise courte queue de Montmorency. Phot. Gilles Debarle. © Gilles Debarle. 53Le lien entre les jardins et les centres de ressources génétiques est donc primordial. Le centre de ressources récupère et réinsère les variétés retrouvées auprès des jardins de la même région. Il est préférable de disposer de plusieurs jardins pour assurer la viabilité des variétés, en cas de maladie dans l’un d’eux, de difficulté passagère, ou de fermeture. 54Dans ce contexte, le jardin est au croisement des évolutions climatiques et sociétales. Sa fonction pédagogique auprès des enfants n’est plus à démontrer. En coordonnant les actions, une dynamique positive peut émerger en faveur de la biodiversité cultivée.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Mechanical stress can induce conformational changes in protein structures. [SEP] Text: The correlation coefficient is 0. 84. Detailed comparison for ILE (which has two χ-angles) of the standard molecular-dynamics simulation to the RIP simulation. (B) The distributions of the average kinetic energy per atom are fairly similar. The differences can be seen in the (C) distribution of the χ1 rotational velocities and (D) distributions of the χ2 rotational velocities. differences between a residue perturbed by RIP and a residue regulated with a standard thermostat at 300 K can be shown in greater detail with the results for Ile (Figure 2B–D). As intended by the design of the RIP protocol, the average kinetic energy of the residue perturbed by RIP is equivalent to that in a standard simulation (Figure 2B). The differences can be found in the frequency distributions of the χ angles (Figure 2C and 2D), where RIP induces much higher rotational velocities than does the standard distribution. In the RIP rotational-velocity distributions, χ1 is peaked around 0. 21 rad ps−1 (Figure 2C) while χ2 is much flatter (Figure 2B). This is due to the smaller weight of the methyl group controlled by χ2, which moves much faster and collides more often with the rest of the Ile amino acid, thus broadening the distribution. in (TIM) (TIM) has a ligand-binding loop that can close over the active site of the protein. In different crystal structures, this loop is observed in both an open and closed state [36] and NMR relaxation experiments detect loop fluctuations at a rate of 3×104 s−1 [11]. TIM typically exists as a dimer in which inter-monomer contacts are mediated through a separate dimer-interface loop. The RIP analysis was applied to all residues in the TIM monomer having the open state of the mobile loop (Figure 1A). The simulations were also performed on the closed state of TIM and similar results were generated (discussed below). For each perturbing residue, the response of the protein can be measured by the Cα RMSD of the residues in the protein at the end of the 10 ps simulation.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Excessive social media use has been linked to increased anxiety and depression. [SEP] Text: People experiencing natural disasters would be more often to interact with their families, friends and communities than usual (43). By exchanging information they get with each other, they aim to relieve the feeling of uncertainty (44). Communication overload occurs when other users engage their attention and interfere with what they are currently doing (18). Communication overload and social media fatigue can occur when the requests for conversation and communication in social media are not properly addressed. According to a large number of studies, social media fatigue is one of the major causes of communication overload (41). Therefore, this study proposes the following hypothesis: H1b: Communication overload is positively associated with social media fatigue. As a kind of current social norm, people gradually provide corresponding social needs to their friends through social media (34). However, when the requests are excessive and beyond the emotional cognitive range of users, users may feel overloaded resulting in social media fatigue (41). Studies have shown that social media fatigue is caused by communication overload (34, 45). Therefore, this study proposes the following hypothesis: H1c: Social overload is positively associated with social media fatigue. 2. 5. 2. The relationship between social media overload and disaster anxiety A previous study found that people's long-term and high-frequency use of social media will keep consuming their mental energy and cause social media fatigue (36). Excessive consumption of cognitive energy will make it difficult for users to distinguish, judge, and screen valuable information (28, 29, 42). Anxiety was related to irrational judgment and unsystematic information processing (46). Previous study found that social media fatigue can lead to depression and anxiety (47). Therefore, this study proposes the following hypothesis: H2: Social media fatigue is positively associated with disaster anxiety. 2. 5. 3. The mediating role of social media fatigue Social media fatigue acts as a bridge between social media overload and anxiety. The pieces of evidence are as follows. According to the principle of the SSO model, the external stimulus (stressor) usually triggers people’s strain response (strain), and the strain further causes the corresponding psychological or behavioral outcome. In other words, external stimuli (social media overload) through strain (social media fatigue) ultimately lead to corresponding outcomes (anxiety) (30). Second, too much information will cost users more time on social media and damage people's cognition, resulting in social media fatigue (37).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Only ancient seed varieties contribute to agricultural biodiversity. [SEP] Text: En tissant des liens, d’un côté avec les chercheurs et de l’autre avec les cuisiniers, y compris les lycées professionnels pour sensibiliser les jeunes générations, le jardin devient le lieu où la cuisine de demain peut prendre son essor, grâce à une palette de saveurs locales difficile à trouver ailleurs dans un lieu unique, où le plaisir est associé à la préservation du patrimoine, et où sont pratiquées expérimentations et comparaisons avec les variétés modernes. 55L’engouement du public pour le jardinage et la cuisine se confirme d’année en année, avec le désir de se nourrir de manière plus saine et équilibrée. Si la valeur nutritionnelle des variétés anciennes continue d’être démontrée, elles pourront trouver leur place dans les nouveaux modes de consommation. Encore faut-il aussi mener cette sensibilisation auprès des restaurateurs. Du jardin à la cuisine Sensibiliser le cuisinier à la biodiversité cultivée 56C’est la dernière étape du retour des variétés anciennes : quelle est leur valeur gustative comparée à celle des nouvelles L’idée est de pouvoir vendre non des espèces mais des variétés, ayant chacune leur valeur et leur place dans un mode de consommation particulier. Ne peut-on pas faire apprécier davantage tel fruit ou légume par son goût et son utilisation, et donc modifier les habitudes de consommation sous l’influence du jardinier 22 - On ne peut cependant pas appliquer cette proposition à tous les cas. Par exemple, l’AOC « lentill (. . .

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Mechanical stress can induce conformational changes in protein structures. [SEP] Text: Flexibilities from the DHFR occluded structure, compared to (C) RMSDf, (D) S2 parameters and (E) Rex factors. (F) Flexibility of ER in the closed conformation compared to the RMSDf. (G) Flexibility of HSP90 compared to the RMSDf. flexibilities calculated from the open conformation of TIM provide different results with respect to the RMSDf. All three measures of flexibility identify the dimer-interface loop (near residue 65) as flexible even though the RMSDf of the dimer-interface loop is negligible, as both the open and closed conformations exist in the same dimer arrangement in the crystal. For the ligand-binding loop (near residue 165), both RIP and identify elevated flexibility whereas ANM does not. also identifies several other regions as flexible, where there is no corresponding elevated RMSDf values. In contrast, RIP identifies as flexible only the ligand-binding loop and dimer-interface loop. As a further comparison, we show the flexibilities calculated from the closed conformation of TIM (Figure 11B). For the ligand-binding loop, only RIP identifies the loop as intrinsically flexible whereas both ANM and do not. There exists a rich set of NMR measurements of DHFR that can be used to evaluate the calculated flexibilities of DHFR. From the averaged RMSDf between the open/closed/occluded conformations in crystal structures, only the ligand-binding Met20 displays any large conformation change. We find that both and RIP identify the Met20 loop as flexible whereas ANM does not. This can be contrasted with the S2 parameters [22], which measures the backbone 15N mobility of DHFR on the picosecond-nanosecond timescale. We find that provides the best agreement to the S2 parameters, as would be expected from previous studies [32] (Figure 11D). However, RIP also provides a reasonable match, whereas ANM does not. The similarity between RIP and is surprising as they do not agree in the other proteins. One possibility is that the nanosecond motions of the loops in DHFR correspond to microsecond fluctuations. This can be measured by NMR relaxation exchange factors Rex factors [38] that detect significant backbone fluctuations between distinct states on the microsecond/millisecond timescale.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Excessive social media use has been linked to increased anxiety and depression. [SEP] Text: Past research has shown that social media fatigue can lead to anxiety (47, 48). Therefore, according to the above analysis, the following assumptions are obtained: H3a: Social media fatigue mediates the relationship between information overload and disaster anxiety. H3b: Social media fatigue mediates the relationship between communication overload and disaster anxiety. H3c: Social media fatigue mediates the relationship between social overload and disaster anxiety. 2. 6 According to the above information, social media fatigue is caused by social media overload. The further deepening of social media fatigue will lead to anxiety, and social media fatigue plays a role in bridging the gap between media overload and disaster anxiety. In summary, the theoretical framework of this study can be obtained, as shown in Fig. 1. 3. Research Methods3. 1. questionnaire can be divided into two parts. (1) The essential personal information items (including age, gender, education and occupation). (2) As the variable measurement part, mainly includes three aspects: social media overload, social media fatigue and disaster anxiety. The questionnaire items used to measure variables in this study are all from existing studies. On social media overload, the measurement of information overload uses the scale of the research by Chen et al (49), the measurement of communication overload uses the scale of the research by Karr-Wisniewski and Lu (45), and the measurement of social overload uses the scale of the research by Maier et al (34). The measurement of social media fatigue uses the research scale by Lee et al (42). The measurement of disaster anxiety uses the scale of the research by Brooks and Schweitzer (50). Each variable measurement item is measured according to the Likert scale (From 1="strongly disagree" to 5="strongly agree"). We invite an English expert to translate the English version into Chinese. Moreover, we enlist the help of a risk communication research expert and a communications expert to improve the questionnaire questions according to the rainstorm situation to ensure that the questionnaire is easy to understand for respondents. In order to make the formal survey more effective, this study carries out a small-scale preliminary survey and distributes 20 preliminary survey questionnaires (the respondents include teachers, college students, corporate employees, and government workers). According to the preliminary survey data, the Cronbach's α values of all variables are higher than the threshold value of 0. 6.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Only ancient seed varieties contribute to agricultural biodiversity. [SEP] Text: ) 57Jusqu’à présent, lorsqu’on évoquait la gastronomie régionale, on pensait davantage aux savoir-faire, au sol et au climat qu’à la biodiversité domestique, plus encore aux espèces animales qu’aux plantes Combien de recettes de cuisine précisent le nom de la variété utilisée Cette mention semble encore assez rare, ou insuffisamment mise en valeur, pour les fruits ou légumes. Le goût d’un cassoulet change-t-il avec un haricot tarbais, par exemple. Ne peut-on pas imaginer de nouvelles recettes en choisissant une autre variété au sein d’une espèce22 58Le seul fait de montrer que presque chaque variété de pommes de terre correspond à un usage précis devrait être un élément pédagogique, pourtant souvent absent des émissions culinaires. Pour preuve, la vidéo de la célèbre purée de Joël Robuchon, qui ne mentionne pas le nom de la variété qu’il utilise, alors que des tests de dégustation ont été effectués dès les années 1990. Quand il s’agit de choisir le vin qui accompagne un plat, préciser son appellation va de soi. 59Le travail des œnologues devrait justement inspirer les gastronomes. À l’instar des descriptions très précises données dans les quatre premières éditions des catalogues Vilmorin-Andrieux (1883-1925), il faudrait pouvoir définir le goût, la texture, la tenue, la cuisson de chaque variété pour savoir laquelle correspond à quel usage.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Mechanical stress can induce conformational changes in protein structures. [SEP] Text: Importantly, RIP can discriminate between proteins that possess intrinsically mobile loops from those that do not. In comparison, a number of contact-based approximations can deduce large domain-level motions of proteins, such as elastic network models [7] and graph theoretic analysis of the contact network [8]. Essentially contact-based models assume that the network of contacts determine the principal degrees of freedom of the protein. By approximating the contacts as a network of springs, the slow time-scale dynamics of the protein can be deduced from the lowest modes of oscillation of the network of springs. Gaussian network models have modeled the domain-level motions of such large systems as the ribosome [9] and the fluctuations of the capsid of a bacteriophage [10]. It has been shown that the lowest modes of coarse-grain elastic network models reproduce the low frequency modes of more detailed calculations such as normal-mode analysis and quasi-harmonic analysis of MD trajectories over several nanoseconds [46],[47]. Nevertheless, contact-based models cannot detect intermediate-scale motions such as those generated by RIP. In a study of TIM using elastic network models, it was found that the lowest mode of oscillation involved limited motion of the ligand-binding loop [48] where this motion was entangled with other motions in the rest of the protein. In contrast, the liagnd-binding loop in the crystal structures moves independently of the body of the protein (Figure 1A). Independent loop motions are inconsistent with the assumption in contact-based models of the collective motion of a single network of inter-connected springs. When the ligand-binding loop is in the closed state, it forms contacts with the body of the protein. But when the ligand-binding loop opens, the contacts of the loop to the body are broken, resulting in a fundamentally different networks of contacts. Such motions cannot be produced from contact-based models. Another class of models attempts to identify flexibility through the analysis of local instabilities in a given structure. These models typically generate an ensemble of structures that can be used to calculate instabilities along the protein chain. One approach is COREX that calculates the free-energy of unfolding short segments of a protein structure using an analytical approach [29]. A related approach is the Method [30],[31] that explores local unfolding by randomly generating geometric variations of sections of the backbone.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Excessive social media use has been linked to increased anxiety and depression. [SEP] Text: 880 SO 0. 567(0. 611) 0. 353(0. 442) 0. 512(0. 527) 0. 464(0. 527) 0. 910 1 Note: CO, communication overload; DA, disaster anxiety; IO, Information overload; SMF, social media fatigue; SO, social overload. 2 Note: Diagonal elements in bold are the square root of the AVE. The HTMT value is in parentheses. 3. 3. 2. Structural model We run the PLS algorithm to generate path coefficient values (β Value) and model explanatory power (R2), then runs Bootstrapping method (subsamples=5000) in order to analyse the statistical significance and interpretation rate of the relationship among variables in the structural model. The structural model test results are shown in Figure 2. There is a positive relationship between information overload and social media fatigue (β= 0. 170; P<0. 001), the discussion of H1a is correct. There is a positive correlation between communication overload and social media fatigue (β= 0. 374; P<0. 001). Therefore, hypothesis H1b is true. And H1c is true because there is a positive relationship between social overload and social media fatigue (β= 0. 165; P<0. 01). There is a positive correlation between social media fatigue and disaster anxiety (β= 0. 166; P<0. 01), and H2 is well founded. The variance explanation rate of social media fatigue on information overload and communication overload. social overload is 37. 8%, and the variance explanation rate of disaster anxiety on social media fatigue is 25. 7%. 3. 3. 3. indirect effect test uses the Bootstrap method (51). H3b (=0. 062**, t = 2. 677, VAF=40. 52%) is true, social media fatigue will play a partial mediating role between communication overload and disaster anxiety. H3a (=0. 028*, t = 2. 370, VAF=14. 58%) and H3c (=0. 027*, t = 2. 115, VAF=12. 11%) are groundless, the mediation role of social media fatigue in information overload, social overload and disaster anxiety is not significant. Table 4 shows the results of the mediation effect test. Table 4. The results of the mediation effect analysis.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Only ancient seed varieties contribute to agricultural biodiversity. [SEP] Text: Les fruits et légumes locaux en seraient valorisés par l’envie qu’ils suscitent. 23 - La recette originale des sœurs Tatin peut être découverte en cliquant sur l’une de ces deux varié (. . . ) 60Un test a été effectué à partir des pommes du verger du Coulevrain, à Savigny-le-Temple, avec le chef Marcel Fraudet, spécialiste de la tarte Tatin, pour savoir quelles pommes de la Brie convenaient à cette recette d'origine solognote, en dehors de la Reinette d'Orléans. La pomme Faro, aussi bonne à consommer crue que cuite, fait partie de cette sélection, comme la Calville de Dantzig23. Proposer de nouvelles recettes avec des variétés anciennes 61Certaines espèces ou variétés ont été sélectionnées pour des plats et des modèles alimentaires en déclin, comme le potage servi le soir pour une famille nombreuse d’avant-guerre. Le mode de vie ayant profondément changé, les variétés utilisées pour des plats d’autrefois peuvent-elles encore l’être pour les repas d’aujourd’hui Il suffit d’essayer, même pour les mets les plus simples, comme les sandwichs, qui peuvent devenir délicieux par leurs ingrédients. Un « jambon-beurre » garni d’une feuille de laitue Reine des Glaces, à la texture plus épaisse, plus croquante et pourtant plus souple, est incomparable… (fig. 5) Figure 5(jpeg, 536k) des Glaces. Phot. Gilles Debarle. © Gilles Debarle.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Mechanical stress can induce conformational changes in protein structures. [SEP] Text: Another approach is [32] that generates alternate conformations by monte-carlo exploration of the atoms constrained by distance constraints derived from a standard MD force-field. The flexibility derived from the ensembles generated by PEM and accurately reproduces the NMR S2 parameters for several small proteins [30],[32]. The S2 parameters of a small protein have been shown to couple strongly to residual dipolar couplings and B-factors that reflect the low-amplitude fluctuations in the picosecond to nanosecond regime [49]. As the flexibility of PEM and correlates well to the S2 parameters, this suggests that these instability methods are specifically modeling the low-amplitude fluctuations on the nanosecond regime. Whilst there is some overlap between and RIP, the flexibility calculated by RIP misses much of the low-amplitude fluctuations that occur on the nanosecond regime as identified by. Instead RIP mainly identifies intermediate-scale motions that occur on the timescale of microseconds or longer. The overlap occurs for loops such as the Met20 loop in DHFR that are mobile on the nanosecond timescale, as revealed by S2 parameters, and also on the microsecond timescale, as revealed by the Rex factors. Overlaps between and RIP also occur for intrinsically mobile loop, which are loops that fluctuate >6Å independently of perturbations in short timescales. Apart from intrinsically mobile loops, which can be easily identified from the deformation map as a horizontal band of fluctuations, RIP identifies conditionally flexible regions that correspond to microsecond scale motions, such as the ligand-binding loop in TIM in both the open and closed conformations, and the Helix-12 motion in ER. The flexibilities identified by RIP are more likely to reveal functionally significant conformational changes in a protein structure. The ability of RIP to generate large conformational changes of several Ångstroms is not due to its ability to sample the rare fluctuations that might occur over a timescale of microseconds or milliseconds. Indeed, because of the non-equilibrium driving conditions, the RIP simulations do not provide any information on the timescale of the simulated motion. Rather it is due to the ability of local perturbations to efficiently explore the strength of contacts that anchor local protein segments.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Excessive social media use has been linked to increased anxiety and depression. [SEP] Text: The above results indicate that during sudden rainstorm disasters, users are overwhelmed by a large number of disaster-related messages and social requests posted through social media. Their continuous processing of this information will lead to excessive consumption of their cognitive energy, resulting in social media fatigue. Second of all, the valid hypothesis of H2 proves that social media fatigue is significantly positively correlated with disaster anxiety. It means social media fatigue is an important predictor of disaster anxiety. The results show that users' strained emotions in sudden disasters——social media fatigue may further trigger their anxiety about the disaster. Studies have shown that a typical manifestation of social media fatigue is the decline of people's information processing ability and cognitive ability, affecting users' ability to analyze and judge disaster information (28, 29, 42). Anxiety is associated with irrational judgments and unsystematic information processing (46). When users have social media fatigue, they will experience cognitive and emotional tension (35), leading to a decline in their cognitive ability and the following symptoms including depression, anxiety, negative responses and other conditions (47, 55). This result is consistent with Dhir et al (47). Third, the hypothesis that H3b holds proves that social media fatigue plays a mediating role between communication overload and disaster anxiety. It means communication overload indirectly leads to disaster anxiety through social media fatigue. This result revealed that interpersonal communication in social media is the channel through which disaster anxiety spreads among the population. Hypothesis H3a and H3c are not supported. It means social media fatigue does not mediate between information overload, social overload and disaster anxiety. The result shows it is not statistically significant that information overload and social overload indirectly lead to users' disaster anxiety. It may be due to the following reasons: in the event of sudden disasters, Chinese people pay more attention to information released from traditional media or official sources, which is of high quality, professionalism, accuracy, and clarity (56). Disseminating information with accurate content and in a clear format during a disaster helps people avoid unnecessary anxiety (57). 4. 2. Implications for research 4. 2. 1. Theoretical implications Firstly, there are few scholars who exploring the impact of social media overload on users’ disaster anxiety in rainstorm disasters. This study reveals its impact mechanism, deepening our understanding of this phenomenon. Secondly, it makes the SSO model more applicable and enriches the structural equation modeling framework for social media research.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Only ancient seed varieties contribute to agricultural biodiversity. [SEP] Text: 62De même, il ne faut pas hésiter à tester de nombreuses variétés crues, de manière à pouvoir les consommer rapidement et en conserver la saveur et les nutriments sans qu’il soit nécessaire de passer plusieurs heures devant un fourneau. Ainsi, la société des vient de remettre en vente des graines de navet de Péronne (syn. Montesson). Ce navet se passe très bien de toute cuisson, de même que le chou Cœur de Bœuf des Vertus, la betterave Crapaudine, l’épinard d’été de Rueil ou le poireau de Gennevilliers. Les salades composées de certains de ces légumes sont même délicieuses. 63Les restaurants pourraient davantage utiliser des légumes dont les dimensions étaient adaptées aux familles nombreuses : carotte de Tilques, tomate Grosse du Cher, chou Milan d’Aubervilliers, etc. Ainsi, la gastronomie française évoluerait en fonction des nouveaux modes de consommation tout en bénéficiant de l’excellence de produits adaptés aux terroirs régionaux. Elle s’enrichirait de nouvelles pratiques tout en respectant la qualité du produit, principe fondamental de la cuisine de Paul Bocuse. 64Tout un champ d’expérimentation doit pouvoir s’ouvrir pour trouver le meilleur moyen de valoriser une variété. L’histoire de la tomate Perdrigeon mérite d’être citée.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Mechanical stress can induce conformational changes in protein structures. [SEP] Text: Protocol of the method is implemented as a wrapper around the Sander package of AMBER [35] and all analysis code was written in. The simulations of the RIP method are run in AMBER, using the PARM96 force-field with an GB/SA implicit-solvent term. To prepare for the simulation, ligands and crystallographic waters are removed from the crystal structure. The structure is then minimized and a Langevin thermometer is applied for a short equilibration at 300 K for 10 ps with a friction constant of 5 ps−1. The standard protocol for a RIP method lasts for 10 ps, which is long enough for large motions to be generated. At the beginning of the RIP method, the equilibrium value of the χ angles of the residue is stored. The run is then broken up into 100 fs intervals where each interval is simulated at constant energy. Between each interval: (1) the direction of the rotational velocity of each χ angle is stored; (2) the atomic velocities of the residue is set to zero; (3) if the value of the χ angle exceeds 60° of the equilibrium χ value, the direction of the rotational velocity is reversed; (4) the magnitude of each χ rotational velocity is calculated from the sidechain conformation; (5) the χ rotational velocities are transformed into into atomic velocities and added to each atom; (6) the kinetic energy of the residue is scaled to the rotation temperature of 300 K. By scaling the atomic velocities, the kinetic energy of the residue is effectively transfered into the rotational modes of motion. This guarantees that even though the motion is artificially large, the amount of energy in the rotation is not more than would be available for the sidechain at equilibrium, even though this is unlikely to happen. Between the intervals, a Python module translates the AMBER restart files into a Python object, from which the RIP protocol is used to generate new AMBER restart files for the next interval. Finally, the trajectories of all the intervals are spliced into a single trajectory. Since the modifications are made on the velocities, the coordinate trajectories are continuous. Velocities into In the RIP method, a rotational velocity for each χ angle of a sidechain is calculated at the beginning of every interval. From this rotational velocity, the atomic velocities are generated.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Excessive social media use has been linked to increased anxiety and depression. [SEP] Text: Thirdly, this study extends the research on the adverse effects of social media on rainstorm disasters. 4. 2. 2. Practical implications The findings are meaningful to disaster management departments, social media service operators and administrators, and users. Firstly, the above parties should understand that excessive use of social media for disaster communication risks exacerbating disaster anxiety. Secondly, content of released disaster information should avoid aggravating the psychological pressure of users, and control the amount and frequency of releasing it. 5. Limitations and future researchThis research will also be affected and restricted in all aspects. (1) This study is based on a rainstorm event and collects data through online questionnaires in China. This method can efficiently obtain data in disaster-affected areas. This research method also has shortcomings, such as affected by sample distribution, which may limit the generalizability of the research findings. Future studies can explore different types of disaster and different countries and regions, making the results more practical. (2) All data are obtained by interviewees in the form of self-report questionnaires. Although this method is widely used in academia because it is efficient and economical, but such data may have subjective bias. In future further research, we should pay attention to the diversity of methods, which can be carried out by means of psychological experiments. At the same time, we should also carry out the research by using a variety of data to make the results more accurate. (3) This is an exploratory study, so only social media fatigue, is considered as a psychological factor leading to users’ disaster anxiety. There may be other psychological factors (such as neuroticism, exhaustion, fear, etc. ) that can play a similar mediating role. Future research may attempt to explore the role of these factors. 6. ConclusionsThis paper studies the adverse effects and potential mechanisms of social media overload in a rainstorm environment. Social media fatigue is caused by social media overload, and disaster anxiety is caused by social media fatigue. Social media fatigue mediates communication overload and anxiety. The research in this paper deepens the literature in this field. And its conclusions can provide reference for disaster response departments to formulate public-targeted risk communication strategies in rainstorm disasters. DeclarationsEthics approval and consent to participate The study was approved by of (GXU-2021-1001), all methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Only ancient seed varieties contribute to agricultural biodiversity. [SEP] Text: Obtenue par le maraîcher du même nom, à Massy (Essonne) au début du xxe siècle, elle a été ensuite vendue en Angleterre et en Allemagne sous les noms respectifs de Belle of Massy et Massy. Dans les années 1950, on la retrouve dans la vallée de la Durance pour la fabrication de la sauce tomate. Après des décennies de mise en sommeil et de conservation à l’INRA de Montfavet (Avignon), des graines ont été envoyées au domaine de la Grange-la Prévôté, qui l’a transmise à l’horticulteur « les Jardins d’Ollivier » qui participe à sa relance. Sa belle forme côtelée lui confère une très belle présentation, et elle est parfaite sans le moindre assaisonnement. 65De même, l’engouement pour les légumineuses devrait favoriser le retour de certaines variétés de haricots grains ou de pois, dont l’Île-de-France fut l’une des principales terres de création variétale. Il revient aux jardiniers, aux cuisiniers et aux médias de faire apprécier leur saveur et même, les vertus apaisantes de leur écossage, seul ou à plusieurs : quand cette action reste ponctuelle, elle peut devenir un plaisir et non une corvée. 66La disparition d’anciennes variétés reste à craindre, si l’on pense que les raisons en sont toujours rationnelles (productivité, sensibilité aux maladies…).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Mechanical stress can induce conformational changes in protein structures. [SEP] Text: To generate the the rotational velocities of the χ angles, each χ angle is assumed to be an independent degree of freedom. Based on the equipartition theorem, each independent χ angle can be assigned an energy E derived from the temperature T. is drawn randomly from a Gaussian distribution with mean energy ½kT and standard deviation √(½kT). To convert a rotational velocity into an atomic velocity, a frame of reference for the axis of rotation must be chosen. As rotational velocities are only defined relative to the axis of rotation; rotations can occur on either end of the axis, and still give the same rotational velocity. Since the purpose of the RIP method is to minimize the motion of the backbone, only the sidechain atoms on the side of the rotation axis away from the backbone are rotated. Consequently, the rotational inertia of each χ angle, I = Σ mr2, is calculated as the sum of the moment of inertia of these sidechain atoms, where r is the perpendicular radius of each atom from the χ angle axis of rotation. To convert E into a rotational velocity ω, the equation of rotational energy E = Iω2 is used. This is converted to a tangential velocity v through v = rω. This velocity is applied to the atom along the direction of the tangent to the axis of rotation. The atomic velocities due to each χ angle are then added cumulatively to each atom. However, the different χ angles of the same sidechain do not represent completely independent degrees of freedom. As such, the final atomic velocities are re-scaled such that the total kinetic energy of the sidechain is E = 3/2 nkT where T = 300 K. This scaling only changes the magnitudes of the rotations and preserves the pure rotation around the χ angles. the analysis of the RIP simulations, rotational velocities of the χ angles need to be extracted from the trajectories. In the generation of rotational velocities, only atoms that are on the side of the rotation axis of the χ angle away from the backbone contribute to the rotational velocity. Therefore, in the extraction of the rotation velocities, only these atoms are considered. For each atom that fits the criteria, the tangential velocity v to the axis is calculated.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Excessive social media use has been linked to increased anxiety and depression. [SEP] Text: All respondents read the informed consent form about the purpose and content of the study and voluntary participation in the study before filling out the questionnaire. Informed consent was obtained from all the study participants. Consent for publication Not applicable The questionnaire and data are available upon special request from the corresponding author. Conflicts of authors declare no conflict of interest. research received no external funding. Conceptualization, Kai Li; Data curation, Dingxi Li; Formal analysis, Dingxi Li; Investigation, Dingxi Li; Methodology, Kai Li; Resources, Kai Li; Supervision, Kai Li; Validation, Kai Li; Visualization, Dingxi Li; Writing – original draft, Dingxi Li; Writing – review & editing, Kai Li. 42. Centers for and Prevention. and Response. Preparedness and Response for site 2018 [Available from:. Definitions and concepts in disaster research. Methods for disaster mental health research. 2006;2006:3–19. . : A Test of Tillich's Theory of Existential Anxiety. J Humanist Psychol. 2013;53(1):114–28. -Howes G, Bell CJ. Psychological distress and psychiatric disorder after natural disasters: systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry. 2018;213(6):716–22. Anxiety, Depression and Post-Disorder after Earthquake. J Res Counc. 2018;16(1):53–7. Cherry KE. Lifespan perspectives on natural disasters: Coping with Katrina, Rita, and other storms. & Business Media; 2009. A, Simpson-Housley P, Curtis F. Assignment of responsibility and flood hazard in Catahoula County. Behav. 1985;17(3):371–86. . Anxiety effects on disaster precautionary behaviors: a multi-path cognitive model. J Health Psychol. 2019;24(10):1401–11. Mishra S, Suar D. Effects of Anxiety, Disaster Education, and Resources on Behavior. J Psychol. 2012;42(5):1069–87. Muniz- Use in to Natural Disasters: A With a Perspective. Prep. 2020;14(1):139–49. Public health implications of social media use during natural disasters, environmental disasters, and other environmental concerns. Nat Hazards. 2016;83(1):729–60. .

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Only ancient seed varieties contribute to agricultural biodiversity. [SEP] Text: La réalité est plus complexe, les raisons pouvant être d’ordre concurrentiel, notamment, ou rationnel, car un semencier fait souvent ses choix de variétés en fonction de la demande, sauf s’il entend en relancer certaines. Sans eux, le bouleversement des modes de vie et de consommation précipiterait leur fin. En fait, l’uniformisation des habitudes domestiques et la disparition de la biodiversité dans son ensemble invitent l’être humain à agir pour mettre sa vie plus en phase avec la terre. Les modes de consommation étant démultipliés, il y a toujours une possibilité de consommer, ne serait-ce que de temps en temps, telle ou telle variété. Lorsque la nourriture devient un plaisir et plus seulement une nécessité, le consommateur est moins regardant sur le prix d’achat des variétés : on ne privilégie plus toujours la variété la moins chère mais celle qui donne le plus de satisfaction, ou on la cultive. Mettre la priorité sur le goût et la valeur nutritionnelle quand cela est possible constitue une autre manière de renouer avec la biodiversité. 67Acronymes 68CRRG : Centre régional des ressources génétiques 69CTPS : Comité de la Sélection 70CRB : Centre de (spécialisés par espèces pour la plupart) 71GEVES : Groupe d’Étude et de contrôle des Variétés Et des Semences 72GNIS : Interprofessionnel de Semences et Plants 73RPG : Ressources PhytoGénétiques Haut de page de données des plantes cultivées d’Île-de-France, voir le site : – travail effectué en 2016 et 2017.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Mechanical stress can induce conformational changes in protein structures. [SEP] Text: This v is converted to a rotational velocity by ω = v/r where r is the perpendicular radius from the axis. As the contributions of each atom to the total rotational velocity of a χ angle depends on its moment of inertia, a weighting (w) for each atom is calculated from the moment of inertia I = mr2 of the atom. The weighting is given by w = I Itotal where Itotal is the sum of the I for all the atoms involved in the χ angle. The overall rotational velocity is then given by ωtotal = Σ wω. Author ContributionsConceived and designed the experiments:. Performed the experiments: BKH. Analyzed the data: BKH. Wrote the paper:. 1. Henzler-Wildman K, (2007) Dynamic personalities of proteins. Nature 450: 964–972. View 2. Duan Y, Kollman PA (1998) Pathways to a protein folding intermediate observed in a 1-microsecond simulation in aqueous solution. Science 282: 740–744. View 3. (2007) Mechanism of Na+/H+ antiporting. Science 317: 799–803. View 4. (2006) The changing landscape of protein allostery. 16: 102–108. View 5. (2000) The way things move: looking under the hood of molecular motor proteins. Science 288: 88–95. View 6. (2001) Steered molecular dynamics and mechanical functions of proteins. 11: 224–230. View 7. (1997) Gaussian dynamics of folded proteins. Lett 79: 3090–3093. View 8. (2001) Protein flexibility predictions using graph theory. Proteins 44: 150–165. View 9. (2004) Global ribosome motions revealed with elastic network model. J 147: 302–314. View 10. (2005) Maturation dynamics of bacteriophage HK97 capsid. Structure 13: 413–421. View 11. (1995) Dynamics of the flexible loop of triosephosphate isomerase: the loop motion is not ligand-gated. Biochemistry 34: 8309–8319. View 12. (1992) Segmental movement: definition of the structural requirements for loop closure in catalysis by triosephosphate isomerase.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Excessive social media use has been linked to increased anxiety and depression. [SEP] Text: Stein MB, Sareen J. Generalized anxiety disorder. N Med. 2015;373(21):2059–68. . Do you get tired of socializing? An empirical explanation of discontinuous usage behaviour in social network services. Inf Manag. 2016;53(7):904–14. Lee AR, Son S-M, Kim KK. Information and communication technology overload and social networking service fatigue: A stress perspective. Behav. 2016;55:51–61. . Information seeking and emotional reactions to the September 11 terrorist attacks. Journalism & Quarterly. 2004;81(1):155–67. . Do you know what it means to miss New Orleans? Internet communication, geographic community, and social capital in crisis. J Appl communication Res. 2007;35(1):67–87. Karr-Wisniewski P, Lu Y. When more is too much: Operationalizing technology overload and exploring its impact on knowledge worker productivity. Behav. 2010;26(5):1061–72. Wells A, Leahy RL. Cognitive therapy of anxiety disorders: A practice manual and conceptual guide. Springer; 1998. . Online social media fatigue and psychological wellbeing—A study of compulsive use, fear of missing out, fatigue, anxiety and depression. Inf Manag. 2018;40:141–52. Chen Q, Yan Z. Does multitasking with mobile phones affect learning? A review. Behav. 2016;54:34–42. Chen Y-C, Shang R-A, Kao C-Y. The effects of information overload on consumers’ subjective state towards buying decision in the internet shopping environment. Res Appl. 2009;8(1):48–58. . Nelly negotiate? How anxiety causes negotiators to make low first offers, exit early, and earn less profit. Process. 2011;115(1):43–54. . When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. Rev. 2019;31(1):2–24. -C. Structural equation modeling and regression: Guidelines for research practice. Commun association Inform Syst. 2000;4(1):7. . A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. J Sci. 2015;43(1):115–35. . Is boredom proneness related to social media overload and fatigue?

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Only ancient seed varieties contribute to agricultural biodiversity. [SEP] Text: 1942 : création du Comité technique paritaire de la sélection (CTPS). 8 - Le célèbre haricot « Contender », par Vilmorin, est une obtention emblématique de cette époque, avec un nom on ne peut plus révélateur. 9 - L’herbier Vilmorin a été classé le 18 mai 2007 voir 10 - Liste c : Légumières : Variétés de conservation cultivées dans des régions spécifiques, menacées d’érosion génétique et commercialisables dans la région d’origine. Ex. : chicorée Tête d’anguille, flageolet blanc des Flandres – Liste d : Légumières : Variétés sans valeur intrinsèque pour la production commerciale mais créées en vue de répondre à des conditions de cultures et commercialisables en France. Ex : haricot à rames Crochu de Montmagny, mâche verte d’Étampes, navet long d’Alsace, tomates Green Zebra, prune noire, etc. (la liste d est beaucoup plus utilisée que la liste c). 11 - Voir le site : [consulté le 21/10/2019]. 12 - Voir le site : [consulté le 21/10/2019]. 13 - Voir notamment le no 645 de la revue Jardins de France (janvier-février 2017). 14 -. « Fruits et légumes, les micronutriments, critère de sélection trop peu considéré ». Jardins de France, no 645, janvier-février 2017. 15 -. ,. ,. “Sour cherry (L. ) anthcyanins as ingredients for functional foods”. J. Biomed. Biotechnol. , vol. 2004, n°5, 2004, p. 253-8 (PMID 15577186, PMCID 1082898, DOI 10.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Mechanical stress can induce conformational changes in protein structures. [SEP] Text: Biochemistry 31: 8482–8487. View 13. (2005) Defining the role of active-site loop fluctuations in dihydrofolate reductase catalysis. 102: 5032–5037. View 14. (2001) Backbone dynamics in dihydrofolate reductase complexes: role of loop flexibility in the catalytic mechanism. Biochemistry 40: 9846–9859. View 15. (1995) Steroid hormone receptors: many actors in search of a plot. Cell 83: 851–857. View 16. (1998) The structural basis of estrogen receptor/coactivator recognition and the antagonism of this interaction by tamoxifen. Cell 95: 927–937. View 17. (1990) Anatomy of a conformational change: hinged lid motion of the triosephosphate isomerase loop. Science 249: 1425–1428. View 18. (1989) Brownian dynamics simulation of diffusional encounters between triose phosphate isomerase and d-glyceraldehyde phosphate. J 93: 7285–7287. View 19. Derreumaux P, (1998) The loop opening/closing motion of the enzyme triosephosphate isomerase. 74: 72–81. View 20. (2007) Allosteric communication in dihydrofolate reductase: signaling network and pathways for closed to occluded transition and back. J 374: 250–266. View 21. (1997) Domain motions in dihydrofolate reductase: a molecular dynamics study. J 266: 776–796. View 22. (2000) Protein dynamics in enzymatic catalysis: exploration of dihydrofolate reductase. J Soc 122: 225–231. View 23. (2003) Correlated motion and the effect of distal mutations in dihydrofolate reductase. 100: 6980–6985. View 24. 3rd (2004) The coupling of structural fluctuations to hydride transfer in dihydrofolate reductase. Proteins 57: 444–457. View 25. Ota N, Agard DA (2001) Enzyme specificity under dynamic control II: principal component analysis of alpha-lytic protease using global and local solvent boundary conditions. 10: 1403–1414. View 26.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Excessive social media use has been linked to increased anxiety and depression. [SEP] Text: What links to psychological needs satisfaction and excessive WeChat use? The mediating role of anxiety, depression and WeChat use intensity 53. 1%) and the mean (SD) age was 19. 0 (1. 36) years old. Majority of the participants used WeChat for 1 to 3 h daily (see Table 1 for details). Table 1 Sample characteristics and covariatesFull size tableBoard at the first author’s institution approved the current study procedure. Study participants were recruited from different colleges but took the same course. Trained research assistants visited the classes after obtaining teachers' consent. The assistants informed all participants that participation in this study was voluntary, and all data would be kept anonymous. Participants understood the confidentiality of their participation. Participants logged into a survey website ( and filled a questionnaire that included measurements of psychological needs satisfaction, affective symptoms, excessive WeChat use, and WeChat use intensity. Participants spent 20 min on average to complete the survey. Previous studies had proved the effectiveness of online data collection [64]. MeasuresPsychological needs satisfactionTwenty-one items from the Chinese version [65] of the by Deci and colleagues [66] were used to assess the level of psychological needs satisfaction. consisted of three subscales: (1) Autonomy needs were measured with seven items (e. g. , “I feel like I can pretty much be myself in my daily situations. ”), (2) Competence needs were measured with six items (e. g. , “I have been able to learn interesting new skills recently. ”), and (3) Relatedness needs were measured with eight items (e. g. , “People are generally pretty friendly towards me. ”). With total scores ranging from 5 to 105, higher scores indicated a higher level of satisfaction of psychological needs. Each item was measured on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Higher scores on the scales represented a greater level of psychological needs satisfaction. Existing research has shown satisfactory reliability and validity of the in the Chinese population [67]. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the scales was 0. 86, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of three subscales were: Autonomy, α = 0. 65; Competence, α = 0. 61; Relatedness, α = 0. 76.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Only ancient seed varieties contribute to agricultural biodiversity. [SEP] Text: 1155/S1110724304404136). 16 - Un hybride F1 est la première génération d’un croisement entre deux variétés distinctes de lignées pures. Elle nécessite de nombreuses années de sélection. Leur utilisation (déjà ancienne – le concept a été inventé en 1908) a permis une multiplication de la productivité et une plus grande résistance aux maladies, mais elle oblige les agriculteurs à racheter des semences tous les ans. 17 - Voir le site : onglet « supports pédagogiques ». 18 - Il est important d’identifier les provenances pour une même variété, car il peut y avoir des différences entre elles. L’accession marque l’origine de la variété : chez un semencier, un centre de recherche, un collectionneur, etc… 19 - « Du fayot au mangetout », avec le Potager du roi, en 2010. 20 - Voir le site : [consulté le 21/10/2019]. 21 - de Paris a séché beaucoup plus vite que le Bagnolet, toujours vert et vigoureux. Riz de Montmorency se situe dans la moyenne. 22 - On ne peut cependant pas appliquer cette proposition à tous les cas. Par exemple, l’AOC « lentille verte du Puy » repose sur la variété de lentille Anicia sélectionnée par l’INRA et inscrite en 1966. 23 - La recette originale des sœurs Tatin peut être découverte en cliquant sur l’une de ces deux variétés dans la base de données des ressources génétiques d’Île-de-France : [consulté le 21/10/2019].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Mechanical stress can induce conformational changes in protein structures. [SEP] Text: (2004) A hierarchical approach to all-atom protein loop prediction. Proteins 55: 351–367. View 27. (2008) Toward better refinement of comparative models: predicting loops in inexact environments. Proteins 72: 959–971. View 28. (2008) A simple model of backbone flexibility improves modeling of side-chain conformational variability. J 380: 757–774. View 29. Hilser VJ, (1996) Structure-based calculation of the equilibrium folding pathway of proteins. Correlation with hydrogen exchange protection factors. J 262: 756–772. View 30. (2006) Modeling protein conformational ensembles: from missing loops to equilibrium fluctuations. Proteins 65: 164–179. View 31. (2007) On the characterization of protein native state ensembles. 92: 1503–1511. View 32. de Groot BL, van (1997) Prediction of protein conformational freedom from distance constraints. Proteins 29: 240–251. View 33. Ota N, Agard DA (2005) Intramolecular signaling pathways revealed by modeling anisotropic thermal diffusion. J 351: 345–354. View 34. Sharp K, Skinner JJ (2006) Pump-probe molecular dynamics as a tool for studying protein motion and long range coupling. Proteins 65: 347–361. View 35. (1995) Amber, a package of computer-programs for applying molecular mechanics, normal-mode analysis, molecular-dynamics and free-energy calculations to simulate the structural and energetic properties of molecules. Commun 91: 1–41. View 36. (1991) The crystal-structure of the open and the closed conformation of the flexible loop of trypanosomal triosephosphate isomerase. Proteins 10: 33–49. View 37. (1995) Dynamics of the dihydrofolate-reductase folate complex: catalytic sites and regions known to undergo conformational change exhibit diverse dynamical features. Biochemistry 34: 11037–11048. View 38. -(2002) Network of coupled promoting motions in enzyme catalysis. 99: 2794–2799. View 39. (1998) Unfolded conformations of alpha-lytic protease are more stable than its native state. Nature 395: 817–819. View 40.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Excessive social media use has been linked to increased anxiety and depression. [SEP] Text: In our study, Cronbach's α coefficient of the scales was 0. 890. Data analysesSPSS 22. 0 was used for data organization and data mining. The missing data, outliers, and normality were examined. Two steps were taken for data analyses. Firstly, data standardization was used to solve the collinearity problem. Subsequently, path analyses were conducted in Mplus 7. 0 with ML estimator to test the mediating effect of depression, anxiety, and WeChat use intensity in the link between psychological needs satisfaction and excessive WeChat use. The bootstrapping method produced 95% bias-corrected confidence intervals for the mediating effect by resampling 1000 samples to fit the data of excessive WeChat use. The method could obtain robust standard errors for parameter estimation and has greater statistical power on testing mediating effect [72]. If the 95% bias-corrected confidence interval for the parameter estimate does not contain zero, then the mediating effect are significant at α = 0. 05 [73]. Model fit was estimated using five indices: The Chi-square statistics, the comparative fit index (CFI), the Tucker–Lewis index (TLI), the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), and the standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) [74]. Besides, the variances of all variables were fixed by a standardized solution (i. e. , the STDYX option in Mplus) [75]. ResultsDescriptive statistics and correlationPreliminary analyses were performed to present univariate statistics and bivariate correlations among continuous variables in the study. As shown in Table 2, excessive WeChat use was negatively associated with psychological needs satisfaction (r = − 0. 159, p < 0. 001), positively associated with anxiety (r = 0. 205, p < 0. 001), positively associated with depression (r = 0. 184, p < 0. 001), and positively associated with WeChat use intensity (r = 0. 515, p < 0. 001). In addition, psychological needs satisfaction was negatively associated with anxiety (r = − 0. 423 p < 0. 001) and depression (r = − 0. 540, p < 0. 001), which was in turn associated with WeChat use intensity (r = 0. 155, p < 0. 001). Finally, anxiety was positively associated with depression (r = 0. 657, p < 0.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The human gut microbiome plays a role in digestion, immunity, and mood regulation. [SEP] Text: A number of mechanisms are possible, including: exosome release of miRNAs that drive alterations in in adipocytes [64]; heightened levels of estrogen effects at the ERα initially, before a rise in mitochondria ERβ, as in endometrial tissue [80]; micro-metastasis of endometrial cells [57]; early developmental and ongoing alterations in a gut-liver-hypothalamus-adipocyte axis [81]. Clearly alterations in mitochondria metabolic regulation are of some importance. The importance of prenatal factors are indicated at the top left-hand side of the figure. Maternal factors, as well as decreased vitamin A and melatonin contribute to suboptimal placenta functioning and foetal growth. This leads to alterations in the gut-liver-hypothalamus-adipocyte axis, leading to decreased adipogenesis and low BMI, with resultant alterations in exosomal content coupled to decreased adiponectin, with miR-342-3p likely mediating effects partly via increased leptin. Such a collection of changes have direct effects on endometrial cell functioning and the interactions of these cells with immune cells. A putative decrease in butyrate and ongoing decreases in vitamin A and its retinoic acid metabolites, contribute to endometriosis, in part via decreased melatonin and suboptimal mitochondria functioning. Increased estrogen activation of microchondria ERβ, possibly via increased ATP production, increases the backward conversion of melatonin to NAS, leading to increased BDNF and TrkB activation, contributing to endometriosis. Similar effects arise from exogenous and induced AhR ligands via their upregulation of CYP1B1. Alterations in miRNAs and 14-3-3 proteins in endometriosis will have significant impacts on the melatonergic pathways. The raised CYP26 metabolism of ATRA may be mediated by altered immune-inflammatory activity and lower butyrate. Decreased ATRA has effects at a number of sites, including AhR activity and miRNA regulation. Endometrial lesion cells may also release exosomes that modulate other cells, including adipocytes, but are not shown for clarity. Abbreviations are shown at the end of the 375. The raised stress and pain levels commonly experienced in endometriosis, coupled to increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines, are highly likely to increase gut dysbiosis and permeability.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Mechanical stress can induce conformational changes in protein structures. [SEP] Text: 6, 50 mM KCl,10 mM Mg(OAC)2]; DE20 (1 mM DTT, 20 mM EDTA); LinA and MinA media were prepared as described [22,40]. media for protein purification (S-Sepharose, Q-Sepharose, and Sephacryl S-300) were from GE Inc. Trypsin, treated with Nα-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone, and all other chemicals are reagent grade, unless indicated otherwise, obtained from Sigma. [35S] protein labeling mix (Expre [35S] [35S], 1175 Ci/mmol) was from DuPont NEN. The plasmid pET-5a was from Promega. The lipids were from Lipids, Inc; CL, Cardiolipin (Heart-disodium salt) in chloroform; EM, E. coli total lipid extract in chloroform; PE, L-α-Phosphatidylethanolamine (E. coli) in chloroform; PG, 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-Glycero-3-[Phospho-rac-(1-glycerol)] (sodium salt) in chloroform and PC, 1,2-Dioleoyl–sn–Glycero–3-Phosphocholine powder). Purification of [35S] SecA [35S] SecA was purified from BL21(λDE3)/pT7-secA according to procedures described previously [19]. Cells were grown in MinA medium at 37 oC [40]. IPTG (0. 5 mM) was used to induce SecA overexpression at O. D. 600 of 0. 5. After 10 min, [35S] protein labeling mix was added (1 mCi/liter) and the culture was incubated for an additional 2 hrs. The harvested cells were washed once with DTKM buffer, re-suspended in DTKM buffer containing 5 µg/ml DNase and 0. 5 mM PMSF, and lysed by passing through a at 15,000 psi. The cell lysates were centrifuged at 8,000 rpm for 15 min.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Excessive social media use has been linked to increased anxiety and depression. [SEP] Text: 001) as well as WeChat use intensity (r = 0. 194, p < 0. 01). However, there was no statistically significant correlation between depression and WeChat use intensity (r = − 0. 013, p = 0. 791). Table 2 Descriptive statistics and correlations between variables in the studyFull size tableModel fitBased on previous research summarized above, we constructed a structural equation model for the current study (see Fig. 1). Based on the recommendations of Hu and Bentler [74], the following cutoff values were used to evaluate fit indices: RMSEA < 0. 08, SRMR < 0. 08, CFI > 0. 90, and TLI > 0. 05. The Chi-of was statistically significant at the 0. 05 level, χ2 (10) = 35. 080 (p = 0. 001) [75], which indicated a poor fit of the model to the data. However, according to Bryant’s [76] research, the judgment of the Chi-Square value on the model fit is related to the sample size. There may be inaccuracy in judging the suitability of the model fit based on Chi-Square value [76]. The other four indices also suggested a reasonably good fit of the proposed model, CFI = 0. 983, TLI = 0. 963, SRMR = 0. 035, and RMSEA = 0. 054 (90% CI = [0. 035, 0. 074]). Path analysis resultsThe assumed chain mediation model (Fig. 1) with three mediators (anxiety, depression and WeChat use intensity) revealed a good fit to the data (see Table 3 for details). The relationship between psychological needs satisfaction and excessive WeChat use was uniquely mediated by anxiety (95% CI = [− 0. 120, − 0. 052]), depression (95% CI = [− 0. 140, − 0. 055]), and WeChat use intensity (95% CI = [0. 040, 0. 122]). In addition, two chain mediation paths: “anxiety—WeChat use intensity” and “depression—WeChat use intensity” in the multiple mediation model were examined at the same time. It was of particular importance that the chain mediating effect of “anxiety—WeChat use intensity” (95% CI = [− 0. 063, − 0.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The human gut microbiome plays a role in digestion, immunity, and mood regulation. [SEP] Text: 2015; 112: 633–640. 53. : A meta-analysis of the association between Caesarean section and childhood asthma. Allergy 2008; 38: 629–633. 54. : Caesarean delivery and risk of atopy and allergic disease: meta-analyses. Allergy 2008; 38: 634–642. 55. : Individuality in gut microbiota composition is a complex polygenic trait shaped by multiple environmental and host genetic factors. 2010; 107: 18933–18938. 56. : Genetic and environmental control of host-gut microbiota interactions. 2015; 25: 1558–1569. 57. : Gut microbiota and allergy: the importance of the pregnancy period. 2015; 77: 214–219. 58. Dominguez-Bello MG, De Jesus--: Partial restoration of the microbiota of cesarean-born infants via vaginal microbial transfer. 2016; 22: 250–253. 59. : Diet-induced changes in maternal gut microbiota and metabolomic profiles influence programming of offspring obesity risk in rats. 2016; 6: 20683. 60. : Brain-gut microbiome interactions and functional bowel disorders. Gastroenterology 2014; 146: 1500–1512. 61. : The gut microbiome: a new frontier in autism research. Rep 2013; 15: 337. 62. : Gut-brain axis: how the microbiome influences anxiety and depression. 2013; 36: 305–312. 63. : Enteric nervous system assembly: Functional integration within the developing gut. 2016; 417: 168–181. 64. : Antibiotic exposure and the risk for depression, anxiety, or psychosis: a nested case-control study. J 2015; 76: 1522–1528. 65. : High-fat maternal diet during pregnancy persistently alters the offspring microbiome in a primate model. 2014; 5: 3889. 66. : Early life antibiotic-driven changes in microbiota enhance susceptibility to allergic asthma. EMBO Rep 2012; 13: 440–447. 67. : Systematic review of the comorbidity of irritable bowel syndrome with other disorders: what are the causes and implications? Gastroenterology 2002; 122: 1140–1156. 68. : Stress and the gut: pathophysiology, clinical consequences, diagnostic approach and treatment options. J 2011; 62: 591–599. 69.

Output: pass