Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Journal of Circadian RhythmsStart SubmissionBecome a ReviewerReading: Gastrointestinal complaints in shift-working and day-working nurses in IranDownloadXML (US English)PDF (US English)Alt. complaints in shift-working and day-working nurses in : There is evidence in the scientific literature of the adverse physiological and psychological effects of shift work. The work of nurses in hospitals is connected with shift and night work. Several publications have described gastrointestinal disturbances in shift workers. The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of gastrointestinal (GI) complaints of nurses on a rotating shift with that of nurses on a regular day shift. Methods: The study involved 160 nurses (133 working in shifts and at night and 27 working on day shifts) in the Hospital in Kashan, Iran. These nurses answered a Questionnaire regarding the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms (including heartburn, regurgitation, constipation, diarrhea and bloating). Positive responses required frequent symptom occurrence in the past 4 weeks. Significance of group differences was assessed by chi-square and Fisher-exact tests. Results: Prevalence of GI symptoms was significantly higher (p = 0. 009) in rotating-shift nurses (81. 9%) than in day-shift nurses (59. 2%). Irregular meal consumption (p = 0. 01) and GI medications (p = 0. 002) were all significantly higher among the rotating shift nurses. In both groups, regurgitation was the most common symptom. Conclusion: Nurses on rotating shifts in Iran experience more GI disturbances than do nurses on day shifts. Year: 2010Page/10. 1186/1740-3391-8-9Submitted on Jul 31, 2010Accepted on Oct 7, 2010Published on Oct 7, 20104. 0 is increasing evidence that circadian rhythm disturbance can cause a variety of health disorders [1,2]. Nurses, because of their profession, have to perform their important and difficult tasks at any time in the 24 hours of the day. Erratic working shifts can cause decreased proficiency, somatic and psychological disorders and increase in nursing and medical error [3,4]. Previous studies have addressed a variety of maladies associated with shift work, including gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms [5,6].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Ethnobotany focuses only on modern uses of plants and does not examine historical practices. [SEP] Text: 2009;123(2):335–342. Kala CP. Indigenous uses, population density, and conservation of threatened medicinal plants in protected areas of the Indian Himalayas. Conserv. Biol. 2005;19(2):368–78. . and Ethnomedicine in Peril: A from Nepal Himalaya. Med. 2014; 792789: 7 pages. Kala CP. Health traditions of Buddhist community and role of Amchis in trans-Himalayan region of India. Curr Sci. 2005;89(8):1331–1338. . Herbal medicine: a comprehensive review. Pharm. 2016; 8(2):1–5. . Medicinal plants in India: an assessment of their demand and supply. Dehradun: Ministry of AYUSH. 2017. . Climate change and forest disturbances: climate change can affect forests by altering the frequency, intensity, duration, and timing of fire, drought, introduced species, insect and pathogen outbreaks, hurricanes, windstorms, ice storms, or landslides. 2001; 51(9):723-734. ‐Taylor C. Habitat loss and extinction in the hotspots of biodiversity. Conserv Biol. 2002; 16(4):909-923. . Vanishing medicinal plants of Kashmir Himalaya. URL www. Greater Kashmir. com/news/gk-magazine/vanishing-medicinalplants-of-Kashmir-Himalaya/153598. html. 2013. Vesk PA, Westoby M. Predicting plant species’ responses to grazing. J Appl. Ecol. 2001;38(5):897-909. . Assessment of threat status of selected endemic medicinal plants using IUCN regional guidelines: A case study from Kashmir Himalaya. J Nat Conserv. 2014; 23:80-89. TablesTable 1. List of plant species with their ethnobotanical usage in lycopodioides (Girard) Boiss. Plumbaginaceae Long-SMH-128 Cardiac disorders. Dried plant has been used as an excellent fuel since time immemorial. Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Boona-karpo Roots SMH-195 Toothache, high fever, stomach complaint, gastric trouble, headache and antiperiodic.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Deep-sea hydrothermal vents host unique ecosystems reliant on chemosynthesis. [SEP] Text: Transmission electron microscopySpecimens for TEM and semi-thin sectioning were fixed in PFA and preserved in 50% EtOH. Before embedding, specimens were rehydrated, post-fixed with 1% OsO4, and subsequently dehydrated again in an ascending acetone series and embedded in Araldite. One-micrometer semi-thin sections were sectioned using a “Jumbo” diamond knife on a S ultramicrotome and stained with toluidine blue (1% toluidine,1% sodium-tetraborate, and 20% saccharose). Coverslips were mounted with Araldite and sections were imaged with an Olympus microscope (BX-51) equipped with the dot. slide system (2. 2 Olympus, Hamburg). Silver interference-colored sections (70–75 nm) were prepared using a “45°” diamond knife. The sections were placed on Formvar-covered, single-slot copper grids and stained with 2% uranyl acetate and lead citrate in an automated TEM stainer (QG-3100, Boeckeler Instruments). Ultra-thin sections were examined using a Zeiss EM10 transmission electron microscope with digital imaging plates (). Availability of data and materials Amplification products were sequenced directly using Sanger sequencing, via Laragen Inc. , and are available via the (accession numbers MW148236-MW148238, MW158740, MW165066, MW172213-MW172214, and MW172220-MW172221). Alignments for the anemone 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, 18S rRNA, and COIII for both Ostiactis pearseae and Kadosactinidae ‘sp. B’, used to generate Fig. 3, are also available on the listed below. Animal images and specimens were vouchered for long-term archiving into the Collection at of Oceanography (sioapps. ucsd. edu/collections/bi/). The raw Illumina 16S rRNA barcode sequences and metadata collected in this study are available from the (BioProject # PRJNA671766).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: For example, a study showed that working in different shifts can harm the GI normal movements and cause disorders in excreting digestive enzymes and acid-alkaline balance [7]. These alterations may be caused by sleep disorders, as they have a negative correlation with last night's sleep quality in these subjects [8]. Furthermore, in an investigation designed by German researchers, peptic ulcer incidence was higher in shift-workers and night-workers [9]. In a study in Japan, conducted by endoscopy, peptic ulcer prevalence was higher in shift-workers (2. 38%) than in day-workers (1. 03%). Duodenal ulcer also had greater prevalence (1. 37% and 0. 69%, respectively) [10]. A study in Iceland showed that nurses working 16 hours in a morning-evening shift had more severe GI symptoms, possibly because of a lack of enough resting time between the end of the evening shift and the start of the morning one [11]. Another study identified correlations between GI symptoms and psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression [12]. To supplement the existing literature, we investigated GI symptoms in shift-work and day-shift nurses in a training hospital in Iran. In this cross-sectional study, all male and female nurses with different working shifts working at the Hospital in the city of Kashan from March 2008 until March 2009 were included. Known cases of GI diseases or any other kind of disorders that may interfere or mimic GI symptoms, for example respiratory tract disorders, and known cases of any kind of heart disease, hepatitis, etc. were excluded from our study. From all 200 nurses in the hospital, 160 were included. The patients were moderately matched by age and gender. Data collection and questionnaire The data were collected by the means of a questionnaire addressing demographic information and GI symptom complaints extracted from a questionnaire designed by Bovenschen et al. [13]. The questionnaire contains 16 prevalent GI symptoms, and the severity of each symptom experienced during the previous 4 weeks was measured by a 7-point Likert scale (0-6). To shorten the time for filling the forms, we included only the 5 most common GI symptoms, namely, diarrhea and constipation, bloating, belching, heartburning, and epigastria pain and regurgitation, scaling from "never" to "most of the time".

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Ethnobotany focuses only on modern uses of plants and does not examine historical practices. [SEP] Text: Aconitum richardsonianum Bong-Nag-Lo-SMH-187 Colds, pneumonia, laryngitis, croup, and asthma; for pain, inflammation, and high blood pressure; as a diuretic Aconitum violaceum Jacquem. ex Boona-nagpo Roots SMH-163 Roots are used against cold, cough, asthma, fever, and gastric problems. Aconogonum tortuosum (D. Don) H. -102 Dysentery and diarrhoea with blooding, pain in lumber region after delivery etc. Allium cepa L. Amaryllidaceae Sko-SMH-164 Insomnia, appetite, indigestion, increase sexual vitality, gynaecological related disorders, bacterial and elephantiasis. Allium przewalskianum hDzim-nag-gam-ri-sSMH-129 Headache caused by micro-organisms and any kind of wind diseases. Amaranthus hybridus L. Amaranthaceae Rgya-and young twigs SMH-162 Pulmonary diseases, meat, poisoning, heal wounds and bone fractured, etc. Anaphalis triplinervis (Sims) Sims ex C. B. Spra-rSMH-127 Epidemic fever, stone poison, lymph gland, swelling and bleeding etc. Anemone rivularis Buch. -Ham. ex DC. Ranunculaceae Srub-ka Roots and leaves SMH-186 Severe pain due to pathogenic diseases stomach heat, snake poison, tumours and drying serous fluids. Angelica glauca Edgew. Apiaceae lCha-ba Roots SMH-203 Restoring kidney heat, balances phlegm diseases, stomachic diseases, dropsy, anaemia, weakness and wind diseases, etc. Aquilegia fragrans Benth. Flowers and leaves SMH-130 Ornamental plant because of attractive and fragrant flowers in spike. Arctium lappa L. Asteraceae Byi-bZung Root, seed, leaves SMH-185 Kidney diseases, urinary bladder cysts, tumours in uterus, cancer, nerves disorders, unripe epidemic fever, cancer and tumour etc. Arnebia euchroma (Royle) I. M. Johnst.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Deep-sea hydrothermal vents host unique ecosystems reliant on chemosynthesis. [SEP] Text: The processed sequence data, as well as representative sequences, are available on the ( Change history18 June 2021A Correction to this paper has been published: Two intracellular and cell type-specific bacterial symbionts in the placozoan Trichoplax H2. Nat Microbiol. 2019;4(9):1465–74. Daly M, Chaudhuri A, Gusmão L, Rodríguez E. Phylogenetic relationships among sea anemones (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria). Evol. 2008;48(1):292–301. CAS 80. CAS PubMed 1. 71. 92. PubMed 19. 34. -Quiroz E, Nieves-Cardoso C, del Rio M. Detection of active hydrothermal vent fields in the and on the Alarcón Rise using AUV multibeam and CTD data. 2015; Abstract OS23C-2027 presented at the AGU fall meeting, San Francisco, CA. . Hydrothermal vent fields discovered in the southern Gulf of California clarify role of habitat in augmenting regional diversity. Soc B. 2017;284(1859):20170817. . Discovery of hydrothermal vent fields on Alarcón Rise and in Basin, Gulf of California. Geosyst. 2018;19(12):4788–819. 7. CAS PubMed 27. PubMed Pub4698. 6998. PubMed Pub263. Gusmão LC, Rodríguez E, Daly M. Description of Calliactis tigris sp. nov. : reconciling taxonomy and phylogeny in hermit-crab symbiotic anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Hormathiidae). Evol. 2019;19(4):567–83. 7. 7. CAS PubMed 1991. 37. CAS PubMed 46. 56. CAS 90. 8. . Spanning the depths or depth-restricted: three new species of Bathymodiolus (Bivalvia, Mytilidae) and a new record for the hydrothermal vent Bathymodiolus thermophilus at methane seeps along the margin. I: Papers. 2020;164:103322. 70. CAS PubMed 82. .

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: 9negative17(63)83(63)100(63)Bloatingpositive9(33)70(52)79(49)0. 06negative18(67)63(48)81(51)Regurgitationpositive13(48)71(53)84(52)0. 6negative14(52)62(47)76(48)Heart-Burnpositive8(29)55(41)63(39)0. 25negative19(71)78(59)97(61)Melenapositive0(0)3(2)3(2)1negative17(100)130(98)157(98) a Entries are number of workers. Percentage of total workers is indicated in parenthesis. P-values was calculated by χ2 and Fisher exact test, as appropriate Table 2 shows the number of GI symptom complaints. As seen, this number is significantly higher in shift-workers. Table 3 shows subjects with at least one "most of the time" GI symptoms divided by age groups. Shift workers had significantly more complaints than day workers (p = 0. 015). Table 2 Number of GI symptom complaintsa Number of Complaints123456Morning workers5(17. 2)2(10. 5)3(12)4(11. 4)1(10)1(14. 2)Shift workers24(82. 7)17(89. 5)22(88)31(88. 6)9(90)8(85. 8)Total29192535107 a Entries are number of workers. Percentage of total workers is indicated in parenthesis. Table 3 Subjects with at least one GI symptom, divided by age groupsa Age GroupsMorning onlyShift workingTotal20-29positive13839negative221030-39positive135871negative881640-49positive11314negative18950<positive101negative000 a p = 0. 015, tested by Fisher exact test. of consumption of gastrointestinal medication in male subjects was 58. 8% and 33. 3% in shift-workers and day-shift workers, respectively. These proportions were 62. 6% and 27. 8% in female subjects. Non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and antacids were the most frequent medication used by all groups (Tables 4 and 5).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Ethnobotany focuses only on modern uses of plants and does not examine historical practices. [SEP] Text: Boraginaceae Bri-mok Roots SMH-126 Blood purifier, cold, cough, lung and pulmonary problems. Roots are also used for colouring dishes and sweets. Arnebia guttata -161 The plant is also used as fuel and fodder. Artemisia absinthium L. Asteraceae Bur-SMH-125 Fuel and fodder, also make a tea for helping during pain of labour and in treating leukaemia and sclerosis Artemisia dracunculus L. Asteraceae Tse-phat/tShar-bong Leaves SMH-131 Pharyngitis, pulmonary diseases, swelling due to hot disorders, etc. Used for digestive disorders, toothache Aster flaccidus Me-Tok-Lug-Mig/ Nia-SMH-103 Poisoning, epidemic fever, infectious cold cough, spasms of tendons and ligaments, drying pus and blood of wounds, blisters, Ornamental. Berberis dictyophylla Franch. Berberidaceae Sker-pa Bark SMH-124 Urinary frequency, diabetes, trachoma, and nephritis for centuries in traditional medicinal system Berberis ulicina Hook. f. & Khizer/and stem SMH-184 Roots and bark are source of tonic Bergenia ciliata (Haw. ) Sternb. Whole plant SMH-202 For kidney stones Capparis spinosa L. Flowers and fruits SMH-160 Flovour, food Caragana brevifolia Kom. Flowers, fruits and roots SMH-132 Inflammation of muscles and nerves. Caragana tibetica Kom. Fabaceae mDzo-mo-shing Roots SMH-183 Blood disorders, skin diseases, heart disorders, eye diseases, etc. Caragana versicolor Benth. Whole plant SMH-159 Fuel and fodder Carthamus lanatus L. Asteraceae Gur-gum Flowers SMH-123 Liver disorders, hepatitis, purify blood, anaemia, strengthen bodily constituents, any kinds of fever associated diseases and stop various kinds of bleeding, etc. Carum carvi L. Apiaceae Kos-SMH-104 Anthelminthic, carminative, stimulant, stomachic and tonic. Seeds are used as condiment to add flavour for the local dishes.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Deep-sea hydrothermal vents host unique ecosystems reliant on chemosynthesis. [SEP] Text: Phylogenetic characterization of endosymbionts in three hydrothermal vent mussels: influence on host distributions. Prog Ser. 2000;208:147–55. 85. CAS 63. 8. 90. 6003. 76. 37. CAS PubMed 90. 44. 40. 6. 75. CAS PubMed 24. CAS 405. 82. 9. 5. CAS PubMed 1001. PubMed 331. . MC-ICP-MS measurement of δ34S and∆ 33S in small amounts of dissolved sulfate. Chem Geo. 2013;345:50–61. CAS 2. CAS 41. CAS PubMed 61. CAS 93. CAS 42. CAS 208. 8. 13. PubMed Pub11. Microbiol. 2004;70(2):845–9. 5. CAS PubMed 713. PubMed Pub11. CAS PubMed 8562. 65. -. Distribution and dietary regulation of an associated facultative Rhizobiales-related bacterium in the omnivorous giant tropical ant, Paraponera clavata. Naturwissenschaften. 2014;101(5):397–406. CAS PubMed 1988. . Deep-water Actiniaria from hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. Invert Zool. 2007;4(1):83–102. 1234. 36. 22. CAS PubMed 53. CAS 94. CAS PubMed 84. CAS 47. 80. 6. CAS PubMed 704. 772. 8. . RAxML-NG: a fast, scalable and user-friendly tool for maximum likelihood phylogenetic inference. Bioinformatics. 2019;35(21):4453–5. 1997. 1934. 62. 317. 58. 500. . Next-generation in situ hybridization chain reaction: higher gain, lower cost, greater durability. ACS Nano. 2014;8(5):4284–94. 700. 1. Reference taxa included in this study, with voucher location and GenBank accession numbers. Taxa are organized alphabetically within their family; new sequences indicated in bold. Additional file 2: Table S2. 16S rRNA amplicon results.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Table 4 Number of subjects using at least one gastrointestinal medicationa GenderyesnototalDay369MaleShift201434Total232043Day51318FemaleShift626299Total6750117 a There is a significant difference between male and female (p = 0. 032) and between day workers and shift workers (p = 0. 002). Table 5 Distribution of gastrointestinal medication types used by nurses Type of medicationDay workersShift workers45054H2 Blockers132427Antacis223234Cliniduim-C11718Metoclopramide01010Omeprazole11213Laxatives331215Dimethicone033 1 histamine type 2 receptor antagonists: ranitidine, famotidin nizatidine, etc. 2 all aluminum/magnesium hydrocholoride, etc. 3 all kinds of laxative from various categories such as docustate, bisacodyl, sennacastor oil, etc. Discussion Worldwide, gastrointestinal disorders are common complaints in the general population and must be monitored by community health care organizations [14,15]. For this purpose, questionnaires can be very helpful because they are easy to use extensively, can gather a lot of information rapidly, and are relatively inexpensive (particularly in comparison to monthly check ups) [16 - 18]. In the present study, gastrointestinal complaints were reported by a very high proportion (81. 9%) of shift-workers. This proportion was twice as large as that reported in a previous study in Korea [19]. This could be due to environmental factors, hospital organization, social factors, insufficient welfare facilities, inordinate hours of working or erratic shifts, or even perhaps inappropriate answers to various questionnaires. On the other hand, Scott and colleagues reported 75% of gastrointestinal complaints in night-workers [20]. In our population of nurses in Iran, the prevalence of GI symptoms was significantly higher in shift-work nurses than in day-shift nurses, which is consistent with findings in other geographical locations [11,12]. The causes of this difference, however, are not evident. Factors such as sleep disorders [21 - 23], inappropriate nutrition or irregularity in the timing of meals [24], and mental and psychological disorders [12] might be responsible for the higher incidence of GI symptoms. Irregularity in the timing of meals was previously described and was attributed to lack of time, appetite disturbance and work stress [5,24].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Ethnobotany focuses only on modern uses of plants and does not examine historical practices. [SEP] Text: Chesneya cuneata (Benth. ) Byangbu/dama Roots and fruits SMH-182 Antiseptic. The beans are eaten as vegetables. Cicer microphyllum Benth. Whole plant SMH-196 montana Buch. -Ham. ex DC. Ranunculaceae Dbye-Mong-karpo Stem and flowers SMH-133 Aerial parts are used to treat diabetes. Clematis tibetana dbi-mong/Sbi-and flowers SMH-122 Wind or cold related tumours, wounds, arthritis, pulmonary diseases, digestive heat, lack of appetite, lymph fluid, etc. Codonopsis ovata Benth. Campanulaceae Klup-Dud-Rdo-Rje Leaves, flowers and fruits SMH-181 Arthritis, gout, rheumatism, elephantiasis, leprosy, nerves disorder, stiffening of ligaments and tendons, joints pain, planetary diseases, evil spirits diseases Cortia depressa (D. Don) C. bam-po-mo-rig Bulbs and Leaves SMH-158 Swelling limbs, internal tumour, muscular spasms, etc. Corydalis govaniana Wall. Papaveraceae Stong-and leaves SMH-134 Antipyretic, diuretic, to relieve gastric pain and muscular pain, contagious fever, eye diseases and infections as well as for treatment of swellings and burns. Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. Asteraceae Pun-Da-Re-SMH-121 Stops bleeding and treats blood fever. Cremanthodium ellisii (Hook. f. ) Kitam. Asteraceae Ming-Chan-Nagpo Roots,flowers and leaves SMH-188 Severe diseases, severe swollen, larynx disorders, evil spirits disorders, severe pain. Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soó Orchidaceae Ambo-SMH-201 Energy boosters and help in improving health, and are recommended for weak people. Debregeasia edulis (Siebold & Zucc. ) Wedd. -SMH-197 The fruits are edible and can be used to make wine.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Skip to content Menu AGU. org to by AGU for dropdown menu Space & & & & dropdown menu ’ Highlights Editors’ Eos en Español Eos 简体中文版 to for: inStrength of Earth’s magnetic record stored in rocks documents the liquid core’s behavior and possibly when the inner core formed. Whether it formed half a billion or more than a billion years ago, however, is up for debate. by Alka Tripathy-Lang 22 August 202230 September 2022 Share this:Click to print (Opens in new window)Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window)Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window) Researchers (including coauthor Nick Swanson-Hysell) found surprisingly high paleointensity values in rocks collected from the (failed) Midcontinent Rift. Credit: Life as we know it requires an atmosphere. It is the air we breathe, our shield from harmful ultraviolet rays, and our defense against extreme temperature swings, like those on Mars. But Earth’s atmosphere owes its persistence to the geomagnetic field, which thwarts the Sun’s rays from dispelling this gaseous veneer. And this protective geomagnetic field owes its existence to Earth’s core. As the liquid part of the core (the outer core) swirls, the combination of molten iron alloys and Earth’s rotation results in a self-sustaining magnetic field called the geodynamo. As they archive evidence of the geodynamo’s billions-of-years-long existence, rocks can transcribe where north was (direction) and how strong the field was (intensity) at the time of formation. That transcription is possible as long as the rocks remain relatively untouched by high temperatures, fluids, or other traumas of tectonics. Because the strength of Earth’s magnetic field relies on the vigor with which the liquid core churns, understanding how paleomagnetic intensity has changed at the surface can help scientists address when the core transitioned from a single ball of sloshing melt to a solid inner core wrapped in a liquid outer core.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: 10200 [PubMed] Stevens, RG; Rea, MSLight in the built environment: potential role of circadian disruption in endocrine disruption and breast cancer Control 12(3): 279–287, DOI: [PubMed] Fitzpatrick, JM; While, AE; Roberts, JDShift work and its impact upon nurse performance: current knowledge and research issues J 29: 18–27, DOI: [PubMed] Coffey, LC; Skipper, JK; Jung, FDNurses and shift work:effects on job performance and job-related stress J 13: 245–54, DOI: [PubMed] Poissonnet, CM; Veron, MHealth effects of work schedules in healthcare professions J 9: 13–23, DOI: [PubMed] Knutson, AHealth disorders of shift workers 53: 103–108, DOI: [PubMed] Claire, C; Sally, L; Brenda, WRelationship of work schedules to gastrointestinal diagnoses, symptoms, and medication use in auto factory workers 46(6): 586–598, DOI: Goldsmith, G; Levin, JSEffect of sleep quality in symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome Sci 38: 1809–1814, DOI: [PubMed] Ihre, BJE; Müller, RGastric and duodenal ulcer Scand 116: 33–57, DOI: Segawa, K; Nakazawa, S; Tsukamoto, YPeptic ulcer is prevalent among shift workers Sci 32: 449–453, DOI: [PubMed] Sveinsdottir, HSelf-assessed quality of sleep, occupational health, working environment, illness experience and job satisfaction of female nurses working different combination of shifts 20(2): 229–237, DOI: [PubMed] Zhen Lu, W; Ann Gwee, K; Yu Ho, KFunctional bowel disorders in rotating shift nurses may be related to sleep disturbances 18(6): 623–7, DOI: [PubMed] Bovenschen, H; Janssen, M; Oijen, M; van Rossum, LG; Jansen, JBEvaluation of a 51(9): 1509–15, DOI: [PubMed] Guillemot, F; Ducrotte, P; Bueno, LPrevalence of functional gastrointestinal

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Ethnobotany focuses only on modern uses of plants and does not examine historical practices. [SEP] Text: Delphinium brunonianum Bya-rGod-sand leaves SMH-105 Evil spirits diseases, poisoning, epidemic fever, itching, cold cough, snake bite and blood infectious diseases Delphinium cashmerianum Ba-ru-ra/Ladar Leaves, flowers and fruits SMH-180 Treating colic in Ladakh and also used as an insecticide. Doronicum falconeri C. B. Clarke ex Hook. f. Asteraceae Mentok-serpo Leaves and flowers SMH-120 Diphtheria, viral and bacterial diseases, upper back pain due hypertension, swelling, etc. Dracocephalum heterophyllum Benth. Lamiaceae Jib-rTse-and flowers SMH-179 Oral diseases and provide relieve from toothache, eye diseases like irritation, burning sensation and pain. Dracocephalum tanguticum Maxim. Lamiaceae Pri-Yang-SMH-200 Hepatitis, gastritis, dizziness, arthritis and ulcer Echinops cornigerus DC. Leaves and roots SMH-135 Septic wounds, tonic, cure yellowish colouration of eyes (Jaundice). Ephedra gerardiana Wall. ex Tsepat Leaves, stem, flowers and fruits SMH-119 Fever, hepatic diseases, rheumatism, bronchial asthma. Toothbrush for the locals, fuel and fodder Epilobium latifolium L. Onagraceae Byar-pan-chu-tse Flowers, leaves and stem SMH-106 Dropsy, against obstruction of urine, severe pain and fever due to elephantiasis and arthritis diseases and pimples, etc. Ferula jaeschkeana Wild Hing/ tru-nag Roots SMH-178 Useful against septic wounds and cuts Fritillaria verticillata Willd. -189 The bulbs are antidote, antitussive, astringent, expectorant and purgative Gentiana algida Pall. Gentianaceae Tiktas/Spang-gyan-karpo Flowers SMH-157 Inflammation of pharynx, bronchitis, cough, hoarseness of throat, excess sputum, toxic and epidemic fevers. Bitter taste with a cooling potency. Gentiana chirayita Roxb. ex Flem.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: In other words, paleomagnetic intensity might tell scientists when the inner core began to form, with some suggesting that the answer is a little more than half a billion years ago (i. e. , only in the last ~10% of Earth’s history). This newsletter rocks. Get the most fascinating science news stories of the week in your inbox every Friday. Sign up now In a new study published in the Proceedings of the of Sciences of the of America, paleomagnetist and University of California, Berkeley doctoral student and his coauthors collected and studied rocks from the (failed) Midcontinent Rift—a region where 1. 1 billion years ago there was voluminous volcanism. The rocks that Zhang targeted are unique aggregations of crystals known as anorthosite xenoliths that formed deep in Earth’s crust but were brought close to the surface with magma that fed lava eruptions into the rift. The team found surprisingly high paleointensity values that signal a turbulent core—more spirited than might be expected for a liquid core lacking a solid center and stronger than Earth’s magnetic field today. Plot of age versus paleointensity, with a dashed line showing a previously interpreted decreasing trend until about 500–600 million years ago, after which paleointensity values begin to climb, showing distinct lows but also higher highs than most data from the Precambrian, barring the data presented in the new study. A light blue band from 1,110 to 1,085 million years ago shows the age of the rocks in this study as well as their curiously high paleointensity values. Credit: Zhang et al. , 2022, of Earth’s energy that causes the liquid core to move, or convect, comes from two different mechanisms. Thermally convecting liquid is driven by heat that’s wanting to rise and escape, said Courtney Sprain, a paleomagnetist at the University of Florida who was not involved in this study. In the other mechanism, compositional convection stirs the cauldron because of light elements. As the mostly iron inner core solidifies, it excludes lighter, more buoyant elements that proceed to rise through the liquid outer core. “We believe [that] today, that’s one of our main sources of energy driving the geodynamo,” Sprain explained.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: To investigate the impact of shift-work light conditions on circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes, a group of C57BL/6J male mice were randomly assigned and housed (3 mice per cage) in a controlled environment that simulated shift-work light conditions. The mice were subjected to different simulated conditions: either short-term (15 days) or long-term (45 days) rotating shifts, where the light conditions changed every seventh day, or a jet-lag condition lasting 21 days with an 8-hour phase advance every two days. As a comparison, a control group of mice followed the standard light-dark cycle of the facility (Figure 1). A total of 72 mice were included in this study, to cover 24 timepoints across 4 light conditions. An n = 3 was chosen per time point as the minimum number required to identify statistical differences per time-point, which translates to n = 18 per experimental condition for circadian analyses. Following exposure to simulated light conditions with an intensity of ~590 lux, the mice were housed in constant dark for up to 48 hours. On the second day, mice were sacrificed at the age of 11 to 12 weeks old, and samples of liver and dorsal skin tissues were collected from three mice at each time point over a 24-hour period, with four-hour intervals (Figure 1). To manipulate the light conditions, the mice were housed in light-tight circadian chambers provided by Phenome Technologies, Inc. The light schedules were regulated by an external timer (XT-4, Chrontrol Corporation), and the light status and intensity were monitored using HOBO data loggers (UA-002-08, Corporation). All mice, regardless of the light conditions or constant darkness, were given ad libitum feeding. Throughout the time-course sample collection, red light was utilized, and animals were killed per housed group, where one cage of 3 mice represented one time-point. This was done to limit variability in any time-point. Mice were anesthetized with 3-4% isoflurane and euthanized by cardiac puncture blood collection followed by cervical dislocation as a secondary method of euthanasia. The collected liver and skin tissues were snap-frozen and stored at -80 °C for subsequent RNA extraction. Gene expression analysisFrozen liver and skin tissues were homogenized in liquid nitrogen using mortar and pestle.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Ethnobotany focuses only on modern uses of plants and does not examine historical practices. [SEP] Text: Gentianaceae Tik-ta Whole plant SMH-118 Tonic, febrifuge, alterative, carminative, expectorant, laxative, stomachic, anthelmintic and anti-diarrhoeal properties. Gentiana urnula Harry Sm. Gentianaceae Ganga-chung Whole plant SMH-177 Laxative, stomachic, anthelmintic and anti-diarrhoeal properties. Heracleum candicans Wall. ex DC. Apiaceae Spru-SMH-136 Effective in curing indigestion, sunburn, skin diseases and external tumours Herminium monorchis (L. ) R. Br. Orchidaceae Bye-lChe-Lag-SMH-198 Rejuvenating health, increase sperm and constituents of the body, vital essence, aphrodisiac and improve kidney heat, etc. Hippophae rhamnoides L. Elaeagnaceae Tsermang/ sTar-bu Whole plant SMH-156 Anti-ageing, anti-cold, memory restoration and energy boosting properties, fodder and fuel value. Inula racemosa Hook. f. Asteraceae Ma-nu/pushkarmool Roots SMH-176 Bronchial asthma when half of the amount is mixed with Kuth. Anthelmintic for children and antiseptic, expectorant and diuretic. Iris lactea Pall. Iridaceae Dres-plant SMH-117 Heals wounds, appetite, stomach, small and large intestinal cramps due to hot and cold, pathogenic cramps and poisoning diseases, etc Ixeris gracilis (DC. ) Rtga-plant SMH-190 Exhibited potent antihyperglycemic activity and improved glucose tolerance; used as a remedy for dysentery. Juniperus indica Bertol. Leaves and bark SMH-137 It used as incense by Buddhists, anti-inflammatory, menstrual problem, inflammation of lung, liver, spleen, kidney and gall bladder. Juniperus recurva Buch. -Ham. ex D. Shug-pa-tser-chan Leaves, fruits SMH-155 Kidney, muscular spasms and fruits are one of the best tonics. Jurinea dolomiaea Boiss.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: was much warmer billions of years ago and the inner core was not initially present, thermal convection may have been the primary driver generating the early magnetic field, said Richard Bono, a paleomagnetist at University who also was not involved in Zhang’s work. cooled, thermal convection—and the intensity of the magnetic field—should have tapered. But continued cooling eventually led to the beginnings of Earth’s solid metal heart, which should have boosted the waning magnetic field as compositional convection overtook its thermal counterpart. “You need some really strong forces in the interior of the Earth to generate such strong [paleointensity] values. ” This transition might have begun less than 700 million years ago (much younger than canonical estimates), according to experiments designed to determine how fast iron conducts heat at extremely high pressures and temperatures, said Zhang. However, such experiments have led to different results through different approaches, enough so that various scenarios of the age of the inner core are possible. A 2019 paper led by Bono, in which scientists collated high-quality paleointensity data, supported this young inner core formation timeline, with the paleomagnetic field interpreted to decrease in intensity until a 565-million-year-old low, followed by a rise toward much higher values, signifying more mixing. This timeline led to the intriguing hypothesis that the inner core began to form sometime after 565 million years ago—remarkably young. However, because older (1. 14-billion-year-old) rocks have low paleointensity values, Zhang’s curiously high paleointensity data in 1. 09-billion-year-old rocks could be interpreted as inner core nucleation similar to some previous estimates. “You need some really strong forces in the interior of the Earth to generate such strong [paleointensity] values,” said Zhang. If true, new explanations for later ebbs and flows of paleointensity are needed for around 565 million years ago, as well as at younger times of low to high field strength transitions. Nevertheless, these data don’t negate inner core nucleation 565 million years ago either, he said. “If anything, this is telling us we need to start trying to understand some of the other added complexities” like plate tectonics, said Sprain.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Missing values in the raw data files resulting from technical issues with the qPCR plate were excluded from analysis. We specifically measured the expression of canonical clock genes (Arntl, Npas2, Per1, Per2, Per3, Cry1, Cry2, and Dbp) in both liver and skin tissues using validated primers. To ensure the accuracy of the PCR amplification, the primers were validated using cDNA template serial dilution, and their efficiency was calculated based on the slope value33 (Table 1). The primer design for this study was performed using Primer3 (v. 0. 4. 0), a widely used primer design tool. Table 1. Primers used for measuring mRNA expression of canonical clock genes. Gene(5′ to 3′)(3′ to 5′)21231249rhythm analysisWe used CircaCompare34 to analyze the differences in circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes in animals exposed to control and simulated shift-work light conditions. Circadian time, CT0 was defined as the onset of the light phase before the animals entered constant darkness for tissue collection. This alignment allowed us to effectively compare and assess the variations in circadian rhythms between control and simulated shift-work light conditions. We applied a p-value cut-off of <0. 05 to determine the presence or absence of rhythms and to evaluate significant differences in phase, amplitude, and the Statistic of Rhythm (MESOR). Sample resolution is a critical factor in circadian analysis as it directly affects the precision of phase estimates. 35 In our study, we used four-hour sample resolution, therein phase differences were only considered if they were at least four hours apart. This approach was implemented to ensure the accuracy of our results. ResultsCircadian analysis of canonical clock genes in the liver after exposure to simulated shift- work light conditionsTo investigate the impact of shift-work light conditions on the liver clock, we examined the circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes (Arntl, Npas2, Per1, Per2, Per3, Cry1, Cry2, and Dbp) in the liver samples of mice exposed to simulated shift-work light conditions. Rhythmic gene expression and its significance was determined at p < 0. 05 of CircaCompare. Our findings revealed significant rhythmic patterns in all analyzed clock genes, both in the control group and in the mice exposed to the simulated shift-work light conditions.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Ethnobotany focuses only on modern uses of plants and does not examine historical practices. [SEP] Text: Asteraceae Bya-rog-nyungs-ma Leaves and bark SMH-116 Traditionally used as anti-rheumatic, antiseptic Lactuca dissecta D. and stem SMH-107 Paste is used to cures infections of female external genital organ Lagotis cashmeriana Rupr. Plantaginaceae Hong-len Roots SMH-175 Reduce inflammation, vital fever, liver fever, lungs fever, intestinal fever, poisonous, painful cramps, muscular spasms, child dysentery, etc. Leonurus japonicus Houtt. Lamiaceae Zin-and stem SMH-165 Regulating menstrual disturbance, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, blood stasis, and postpartum haemorrhage, diuretics. Lonicera spinosa (Decne. ) Jacq. ex Walp. Caprifoliaceae Phang-SMH-138 Asthma, headache and gynaecological diseases etc. Meconopsis aculeata Ud-Pal-Sngon-SMH-154 Traditionally used to cure headache Morina longifolia Wall. ex DC. Caprifoliaceae sPyang-tsher Roots and young twigs SMH-191 It treats purgation phlegm disease, cancer, swelling and indigestion, etc. Myricaria elegans Hom-SMH-115 It treats various kinds of poisoning, fever of lungs, diarrhoea, arthritis, uterine bleeding, stomach pain, headache etc. Myricaria squamosa Desv. Tamaricaceae Om-SMH-174 Traditionally used for food poisoning Nepeta floccosa Benth. Leaves and stem SMH-153 The dried leaves and shoots are aromatic and used to add flavour in local dishes. Onosma hookeri C. B. Bri-Mog Roots, bark and leaves SMH-108 Used as remedy for asthma, cough, fever, gonorrhoea leprosy, and phthisis Oxytropis microphylla (Pall. ) DC. Fabaceae Tag-sha nagpo Whole plant SMH-139 The whole plant bears strong fragrance. The quantity of aromatic oil is about 0. 01%.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Subducting plates move through the mantle, sometimes settling into cold piles at the core-mantle boundary. Elsewhere along this boundary, buoyant plumes of hot material rise upward. These sunken slabs and upwelling plumes affect how heat escapes from the core, a process that itself affects how quickly the outer core can convect. The core’s pattern of exhaling heat changes as this geometry shifts, which could affect how the magnetic field is generated, she explained. Snapshot or Long-Term Average? “Our magnetic field is really crazy. ” “Our magnetic field is really crazy,” said Sprain. “It can change on timescales of seconds to millions of years. ” “When we’re trying to understand what the strength of the field is, we have to ask—how much time are we looking at, [and] how much time do we average? ” said Bono. A rock that cools quickly, on the order of hundreds or thousands of years, will record a snapshot of the magnetic field. A rock that takes many tens or hundreds of thousands of years to cool smooths out the magnetic field’s short-term variation. “You really need to be looking at the time-averaged field strength” to understand what was happening in the core, he said. In the new study, said Sprain, Zhang has data from seven sites but only one date for these rocks. Because these are very old rocks, each date’s margin of error would be on the order of 100,000 years to greater than 1 million; collecting more dates wouldn’t necessarily help resolve the relative timing between sites. “Even if there was more than 10,000 years between [multiple samples’] cooling times, we wouldn’t be able to resolve it [because] the ages would overlap,” Sprain said. Nevertheless, the data are of high quality, and even averaging all the information together results in a higher-than-expected magnetic field for 1. 1 billion years ago, confirming the findings of prior work, said Bono. In this prior work, Sprain found that slightly older volcanic rocks from the also record a strong magnetic field similar to that on Earth today. “What we need,” said Sprain, “is more high-quality data.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: However, Cry1 did not show significant rhythmicity in the long-term rotating shift scenario and Cry2 did not exhibit significant rhythmicity in the chronic jet-lag scenario (Figure 2, Table 151). This suggests that these genes may be more sensitive to prolonged disruption of light-dark cycles. Furthermore, we examined various circadian properties such as phase, amplitude, and MESOR and compared differences between conditions (Figures 2 and 4A, Table 151). In the short-term rotating shift and chronic jet-lag scenarios, we did not observe any discernible phase differences compared to the control condition. However, in the long-term rotating shift scenario, significant phase advance of at least four hours were detected in five out of eight clock genes: Npas2, Per1, Per2, Per3, and Cry2. Regarding amplitude, we did not find significant differences in the rotating shift conditions. However, we did observe a significant decrease in amplitude of Per1 and Dbp among mice exposed to chronic jet-lag compared to the control group. This indicates that chronic disruption of light-dark cycles may affect the robustness of circadian rhythms in these genes. We did not find any significant changes in MESOR with short-term rotating shift. However, we observed a significant increase in MESOR with the genes Arntl, Per2, Per3, and Cry2 in the long-term rotating shift condition. Conversely, we found a significant decrease in MESOR with the genes Per1 and Dbp in the chronic jet-lag scenario. Overall, these results suggest that the circadian clock in the liver is highly impacted in mice exposed to the long-term rotating shift condition with a clear but less dramatic impact in mice exposed to chronic jet-lag. In contrast, we found no significant impact on the liver’s circadian clock in mice exposed to a short-term rotating shift condition. Figure 2. Circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes in the liver following exposure to simulated shift-work light conditions. The graphs display 24-hour expression (Mean ± SE) of Arntl, Npas2, Per1, Per2, Per3, Cry1, Cry2, and Dbp in the liver under constant dark after exposure to simulated shift-work light conditions.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Ethnobotany focuses only on modern uses of plants and does not examine historical practices. [SEP] Text: Pedicularis longiflora Lug-Ru-Ser-SMH-166 A decoction of plant parts is used as diuretic, liver and gall bladder, excessive seminal discharge and oedema. Pedicularis cheilanthifolia Lug-Ru-Smog--192 Traditionally used to cure stomachache Physochlaina praealta (Decne. ) Lantang/Thang-Phron-and leaves SMH-109 Vermifuge and leaves are narcotic and used in treatment of ulcer and eye diseases. Picris hieracioides Sibth. & Sm. Asteraceae Rgya-plant SMH-152 It treats gastro-intestinal disorder, blood and bile disorder, chronic fever, contagious fever and poisonous fever, etc. Picrorhiza kurrooa Hong-len and flowers SMH-199 Roots used in asthmatic disorders, fever, blood purification Piper longum L. Piperaceae Pi-Pi-and fruits SMH-173 Used for the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer. Plantago depressa Willd. Plantaginaceae Tha-Ram Leaves, stem, flowers and fruits SMH-140 Dysentery, burned wounds, bleeding, inflammation wounds and lymph fluids, etc. Polygonum aviculare L. Polygonaceae byi-na-sa Whole plant SMH-151 Obstruction of urine, burning sensation during urination, jaundice, dermatological diseases with itching etc. Potentilla anserina L. Rosaceae Gro-Lo Sa-hSMH-144 Diarrhoea/dysentery and act as health tonic Ranunculus adoxifolius Hand. -Mazz. Ranunculaceae Ga-Tsah-am-lChe-tsah Leaves and flowers SMH-110 Digestive heat, old wounds, dropsy, diphtheria and tumours, etc. Rheum spiciforme -167 The purple coloured roots are used in the indigenous system of medicine especially against rheumatism. Rheum webbianum Chu-Rtsa Roots, stem and leaves SMH-150 Indigestion, abdominal diseases, boils, wounds and as an astringent, gastritis, laxative. Rhodiola imbricata Edgew.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: AbstractBacterial motility is typically studied in bulk solution, while their natural habitats often are complex environments. Here, we produced microfluidic channels that contained sediment-mimicking obstacles to study swimming of magnetotactic bacteria in a near-realistic environment. Magnetotactic bacteria are microorganisms that form chains of nanomagnets and that orient in Earth’s magnetic field. The obstacles were produced based on micro-computer tomography reconstructions of bacteria-rich sediment samples. We characterized the swimming of the cells through these channels and found that swimming throughput was highest for physiological magnetic fields. This observation was confirmed by extensive computer simulations using an active Brownian p10. 7554/eLife. 98001. 1. sa2Significance of findingsvaluable: Findings that have theoretical or practical implications for a subfieldlandmarkfundamentalimportantvaluableusefulStrength of evidencesolid: Methods, data and analyses broadly support the claims with only minor weaknessesexceptionalcompellingconvincingsolidincompleteinadequateDuring the peer-review process the editor and reviewers write an eLife assessment that summarises the significance of the findings reported in the 2. 1 Characterization of sediment and construction of sediment-mimicking microfluidic channelsTo study swimming of magnetotactic bacteria in a near-realistic sediment environment that resembles their natural habitat, we produced microfluidic channels that contained sediment-mimicking obstacles (Fig. 1 and S1). To that end, we first characterized a sediment sample in water from the magnetotactic bacteria-rich lake (Potsdam, Germany). We determined a 3D reconstruction of the sample using micro-computer tomography (muCT) with a resolution of 1. 56 µm (Fig. 2a-d) and analyzed the sizes of sediment p1. Construction of sediment-mimicking obstacle channels:Micro-computer tomography slices of sediment samples (a) are cropped out to ignore border effect due to the reconstruction and binarized (b). The binarized images are then fitted with circles (c) for statistical analysis (grain size distribution in d) and for construction of arrays of pillar-shaped obstacles (e). The images of irregular grains (b) and fitted circles (e) are used as masks to design microfluidic channels with obstacle arrays (f), in which the bacteria are injected in the middle channel (3.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: The figure allows for a comparison between the control group and three experimental conditions: short-term rotating shift (left), long-term rotating shift (middle), and control vs chronic jet-lag (right) were represented in the figure. To ensure accurate analysis, the mRNA expression throughout the time course was normalized against the geometric mean expression of housekeeping genes Actb and Ppib. The statistical significance of the circadian rhythms and the differences in circadian characteristics between the control group and the simulated shift-work conditions were assessed using CircaCompare, with a significance level set at p < 0. 05. Genes that exhibit a significant rhythmic pattern are represented by continuous lines, while arrhythmic genes are represented by dotted lines. Circadian analysis of canonical clock gene expression in the skin after exposure to simulated shift-work light conditionsIn addition to studying the liver, we also examined the expression of canonical clock genes in the dorsal skin of mice (Figure 3, Table 151) collected under constant darkness after being exposed to simulated shift-work light conditions. We analyzed the circadian rhythms and determined their significance using CircaCompare with a p < 0. 05. Our analysis revealed that majority of the analyzed clock genes in the skin exhibited rhythmic patterns. However, we observed a loss of rhythmicity in Cry1 after exposure to short-term rotating shift and chronic jet-lag conditions. Additionally, Cry2 became arrhythmic when subjected to long-term rotating shift and chronic jet-lag conditions. Furthermore, we compared the circadian rhythms between the control group and the simulated shift-work groups, focusing on differences in phase (at least four hours), amplitude, and MESOR (Figure 4B, Table 151). Out of the eight genes analyzed in the skin, significant phase differences were observed in two genes (Arntl and Cry2) following the short-term rotating shift condition. Four genes (Arntl, Per2, Per3, and Dbp) exhibited significant phase differences following the long-term rotating shift condition, and one gene (Arntl) showed a significant phase difference following chronic jet-lag. Notably, most of these genes displayed a phase advance following simulated shift-work conditions compared to the control group. Arntl consistently exhibited dysregulation across all simulated shift conditions, particularly showing a phase delay in the long-term rotating shift scenario.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Ethnobotany focuses only on modern uses of plants and does not examine historical practices. [SEP] Text: Crassulaceae Shro-Lo/Cho-Ngo-SMH-143 Lung problems, cold, cough, fever, loss of energy and pulmonary complaints, food Rhodiola sacra (Prain ex Raym. Hamet) S. H. Srolo-marpo Roots SMH-193 Tonic and it restores memory. The young leaves and tender shoots are edible. ‘Tantur’, a delicious Ladakhi dish. Rhododendron anthopogon D. Ba-Lu/Da-and flowers SMH-111 High altitude diseases, chest pain, weakness, obstruction of vocal cord, chronic bronchitis, stiffness limbs, phlegm disorders and rejuvenated life. Ribes orientale Desf. / se-rgod Fruit SMH-141 Serous fluid diseases, swollen limbs. Fruits are used to treats fever of poison, food poison, hepatitis, fever of gall bladder, epidemic fever, etc. Rosa sericea Wall. ex Lindl. Whole plant SMH-149 The whole plant is used as ornamental hedge, also used as fuel and fodder. Rosa webbiana Wall. ex Seba/SMH-204 Flowers are used for ornamental purposes, also used as fuel and fodder. Rubia cordifolia L. Stems and roots SMH-168 Blood disorders, blood fever, spreading fever, lungs fever, kidney fever, intestine fever and stop bleeding. Saussurea bracteata Decne. Asteraceae Spang-rtsa Flowers SMH-148 Cure boils. The flowers also used for ornamental purposes. Saussurea lappa (Decne. ) Sch. Bip. / Ru-ta Roots SMH-112 Roots used against asthma and fever Saussurea roylei C. B. Kon-pa-gab-skyes-che-ba Leaves SMH-142 Chronic and fresh wounds, bleeding due to nerve disorders, especially best for the mutton poisoning etc. Sedum ewersii Ledeb. Crassulaceae Srolo-karpo Whole plant SMH-169 Provide cooling and soothing effect. This plant is given to mulch cattle to increase milk production. Stachys tibetica yakzas Whole plant SMH-145 Fuel and fodder. Stipa orientalis Trin. ex Ledeb.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: 5 mm × 1. 2 mm × 10 µm) where they encounter the obstacles. Fig. 2. Analysis of micro-computer tomography images of a sediment sample in water:a) Slice of the sediment sample, b) cube from the center of the cuvette, c) and d) examples of water gaps rendered with the Amira software. e) Distribution of the smallest grain dimension (i. e. , trabecular thickness analyzed with CTAn) with Gaussian fit a exp(−(x− µ)2/c2), µ = 3. 83, c = 0. 5903, corresponding to a mean sand grain diameter of 46 µm. f) Distribution of the water gap size (i. e. , trabecular separation) with Gaussian fit a exp(−(x−µ)2/c2), µ = 42. 94 µm, c = 28. 66 µm. g) Percentage of sand over water as function of the distance from the bottom of the cuvette as obtained from 2D slices of the µCT images (yellow filled line) and for the equivalent fit with circles (yellow dashed line). The red points show the mean radius of the fitted circles (± standard error of the mean) in µm (right axis). We next analyzed two-dimensional slices of the µCT images at various depths of the sample to study if any difference is observed. This analysis returns similar values of the sand to water percentage (62 – 66% from top to bottom, see Fig. 2g, with the small difference possibly due to sedimentation of the sediment under gravity). The mean radii of circular fits to the grains varies from 68 to 62 µm from bottom to top (Fig. 2g), further potentially indicating a slight effect of sedimentation by gravity. This analysis provides the basis for the construction of our 2D microfluidic channels. To realistically represent the porous environment where magnetotactic bacteria live, we constructed quasitwodimensional microfluidic channels based on the 2D µCT images at different depths (Figure 1). These images (shown in S2) were used as masks (see Methods), such that each sediment grain becomes an irregularly shaped pillar in our quasi-2D structure. Bacteria thus swim through an array of pillars that act as obstacles for their motion.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Moreover, we observed alterations in amplitude: Cry2 and Arntl exhibited reduced amplitude following short-term and long-term rotating shift conditions, respectively. Per2 displayed reduced amplitude in both rotating shift conditions, while no significant differences in amplitude were noted with chronic jet-lag. two out of eight genes analyzed in each shift condition exhibited MESOR differences compared to the control group. Arntl displayed a significant increase in MESOR following exposure to short-term rotating shift and chronic jet-lag conditions, while Per1 showed a significant increase following long-term rotating shift and chronic jet-lag. Additionally, Cry2 and Per2 exhibited a significant decrease in MESOR following exposure to the short-term and long-term rotating shift conditions, respectively. Overall, these results indicate that the circadian clock in the skin is impacted by all three simulated shift conditions and suggest that the skin clock is more sensitive to shift-work light conditions compared to the liver clock. Similar to our observations in the liver, the circadian clock in the skin is highly impacted in mice exposed to long-term rotating shift conditions. Figure 3. Circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes in the skin following exposure to simulated shift-work light conditions. The graphs in the figure illustrate the 24-hour expression (Mean ± SE) of Arntl, Npas2, Per1, Per2, Per3, Cry1, Cry2, and Dbp in the skin under constant darkness following exposure to simulated shift-work light conditions. The figure enables a comparison between the control group and three experimental conditions: short-term rotating shift (left), long-term rotating shift (middle), and control vs chronic jet-lag (right) were represented in the figure. To ensure precise analysis, the mRNA expression throughout the entire time course was normalized against the geometric mean expression of housekeeping genes Actb and Ppib. The statistical significance of the circadian rhythms and the variations in circadian characteristics between the control group and the simulated shift-work conditions were evaluated using CircaCompare, with a significance level set at p < 0. 05. In the figure, genes that exhibit a significant rhythmic pattern are depicted by continuous lines, while genes lack a rhythmic pattern are represented by dotted lines. Figure 4. Differential circadian properties of canonical clock genes in the liver and skin following exposure to simulated shift-work light conditions.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Ethnobotany focuses only on modern uses of plants and does not examine historical practices. [SEP] Text: and medicinal uses of folklore medicinal plants belonging to family acanthaceae an updated review Submit manuscript. . . MOJ eISSN: 2574-9722 Biology and 38. DOI: 10. 15406/mojbm. 2017. 01. 00009 is a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plants including about 4300 species and 346 genera all over the world. Most are tropical shrubs, herbs and twining vines while some are epiphytes. There is increasing interest about the indigenous medicinal plants for correct identification, taxonomy and medicinal properties. Chemically it contained some important secondary metabolites such as glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids, triterpenoids, fatty acid methyl esters and fatty acids. These compounds play an important role in many biological reactions and work against many lethal diseases. Leaves, roots and other parts are used as anti-pyrietic, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic, antiseptic and antidiabetic. Some other important plants belong to this family are used to treat skin diseases, cough, eye infections, wounds, pneumonia, anti-diarrhea, edema etc. There are only a few examples that underline importance of family Acanthaceae. This medical importance attracted the researchers to explore the various aspects of this family. The medicinal role and significance of the family can hardly be overemphasized. The present review highlights some key features of some important genus of this important plant family and also describes its various conventional and new novel uses in our daily life. By keeping these points the present study will be useful for further research and clinical trials in future study of some new important plant species belong to this important family. Keywords: Acanthaceae; Pharmaceutical uses; Medicinal plants; Secondary metabolites, synthetic medicines description to medicinal plants of important family acanthaceae Plants possess an immense therapeutic potential and a large number of such plants are unexplored to-date. Medicinal plants are source of novel chemical entities that possess beneficial pharmacological and therapeutics properties. These can be used directly or their extracts have been used as starting material in synthesis of pharmaceutical drugs. Traditionally medicinal plants have been used in the preparation of synthetic medicines, even currently in developing world; about 25% of ingredients in the prescribed modern medicine are derived from extracts of medicinal plants.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: In addition, we generated channels with cylindrical pillars by fitting circles to the two-dimensional grain images (Figure 1 and S2). These rounded-shaped pillars of different diameters are used for a comparison of our experiments with computer simulations below. 2. 2 Swimming of magnetotactic bacteria through sediment-mimicking obstacle channelsWith the sediment-mimicking channels at hand, we studied the motion of magnetotactic bacteria through those channels. A droplet of culture medium containing bacteria was injected into the entrance channel, which is placed under a custom-designed microscope [27], with a controlled magnetic field of either 0 µT (field cancelled), 50 µT (intensity of the geomagnetic field) or 500 (one order of magnitude larger than the geomagnetic field) µT. We then imaged the entrance and exit regions of the microfluidic channel in an alternating fashion (Figure 3a), with snapshots every 20 s and counted the number of bacteria in these two regions. These counts are noisy and some bacteria pass the channel rapidly, within the first few snapshots. The delay time after which the first bacteria reach the exit region of the channel could therefore not be reliably quantified. Instead, we determined the cumulative density of bacteria in the exit and in the entrance regions of the channel (Figure 3b) and used their ratio, determined 30 min after injecting the bacteria, as a measure of the throughput of bacteria through the channel (see Methods). We determined the throughput in this way for 20 different channels, 10 with irregularly shaped obstacles and 10 with cylindrical pillars (S2). We obtained very similar results for channels with cylindrical pillars and with irregularly shaped pillars (S3). However, we found the strength of the magnetic field to have a strong impact on the throughput, with a non-monotonic dependence on the field strength (Figure 3c). The maximal throughput was obtained for the intermediate field strength of 50 µT, while without a field as well as with a field of 500 µT the throughput was smaller. By contrast, for a channel without obstacles, the throughput increased monotonically with the field strength (S4). This observation suggests that a magnetic field of a similar strength of the Earth’s field enhances the flux of bacteria through the obstacle channel, but a too strong or null magnetic field inhibits it. Fig. 3.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: The figure represents differences in phase (left), amplitude (middle), and MESOR (right) of canonical clock genes in the liver (top) and skin (bottom) of mice subjected to short-term, long-term rotating shift, and chronic jet-lag conditions, in comparison to a control condition. Significance testing was performed using CircaCompare with a threshold of p < 0. 05, and the corresponding p-values can be found in Table 1. 51DiscussionOur study aimed to fill a significant knowledge gap regarding the effects of different durations and types of shift conditions on the circadian system. Shift-work has been hypothesized to disrupt the synchronization between the central and peripheral circadian machinery. 36 Previous studies in humans have only examined the impact of mistimed sleep on molecular rhythms for about a week,6–8 limiting our understanding of the long-term consequences. We conducted a study using a well-established C57BL/6J mouse model to investigate the consequences of various durations and types of shift-work light conditions on the circadian system. By simulating shift-work light conditions, we were able to observe changes in the circadian expression of canonical clock genes in both the liver and the skin. Light is widely recognized as the primary synchronizer for maintaining the mammalian circadian system. Two photoreceptors, melanopsin (OPN4) and neuropsin (OPN5), have been identified as mediators of light entrainment from the retinal ganglion cells to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN),37,38 which serves as the central pacemaker of the circadian system. Interestingly, recent studies have shown that OPN5 in murine melanocytes is involved in circadian photoentrainment and the expression of clock genes, a phenomenon not observed in the liver. 39 On the other hand, the liver, being a metabolically active organ, can directly entrain its clock through feeding-fasting cycles. 40–42 Prior research has demonstrated this ability, indicating that the liver is more influenced by metabolic cues compared to the skin. Therefore, in the current study, we examined the impact of simulated shift-work light conditions on the circadian gene expression of canonical clock genes in two different tissues: the liver and the skin. Unlike the skin, which directly senses external light stimuli,39 the entrainment of liver clocks by light serves as a secondary event.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Ethnobotany focuses only on modern uses of plants and does not examine historical practices. [SEP] Text: It contained many important secondary metabolites as alkaloids, phenols, terpenoids, tannins, quinones, cardiac glycosides, saponins, carbohydrates, flavonoids and proteins that have many therapeutic uses. Some species like Adathoda beddomie, Neelagirianthasis Sp. , Justeceae gendurusa, Neelagirianthasis hemitomie, Berleria priorities, Adathoda zylanica and Hemigraphis corolata have the ability to kill or retard the growth of many infectious microbes including dangerous Pseudomonas species. 13 Several chemicals like 2-propanone, Methylhydrazone, Acetaldehyde, Cyclopentane etc. have been extracted through GC-Mass analysis from important Asteracantha longifolia (L. ) Nees species, which are using in many pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. 14 The other species Clinacanthus nutans also contained plenty of important bioactive compounds namely flavonoids, glycosides, glycoglycerolipids, cerebrosides and monoacylmonogalatosylglycerol. These compounds have wide range of anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic activities. 15 Kavitha et al. 16 also reported the anti-diabitic activity of 25 medicinally important plants from family Acanthaceae. Infusions of leaves of Vesica adhatoda Nees, Dyschorister adicans, Aystasia schimperi, Acanthus eminens, Thunber giaalata, and Dyschoristethum bergiiflora have been used for backache, skin diseases, cough, eye infections, wounds, pneumonia, anti-diarrhea and edema. Leaves paste of Barberia grandicalyx is used for snake bites. Leaves of Acanthus pubescens, Justicia flava and Justicia betonica have been used for ulcers, flu, dry cough and anti-diarrhea. 17 Infusions of Justicia tranquebariensis have been used for poisonous bites. Leaves of Justicia adhatoda are used traditionally for chest diseases, rheumatism, fever, asthma, pneumonia, tuberculosis, expectorant, diuretic, antispasmodic, antiseptic and to reduce swelling.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Swimming of magnetotactic bacteria through obstacle channelsA) View of a channel, in which the entrance (IN) and exit regions (OUT) are indicated, in which the bacterial density was monitored. The magnetic field points to the left. B) Cumulative bacterial intensity (measuring the cumulative arrival of bacteria) in these two regions, for three different field strengths. C) Bacterial throughput, quantified by the ratio of the cumulative intensities in the OUT and IN regions as function of the magnetic field. 2. 3 Simulations of bacterial swimming through obstacle channelsTo gain further insight into how magnetotactic bacteria navigate through these complex environments, we compared our experimental findings to numerical simulations. To this end, we modeled the magnetotactic bacteria as dipolar active Brownian p0. 2 µm. Therefore, all the following numerical simulations where carried out with the interaction parameter set to α = 0. 2 µm. Fig. 4. Sliding of bacteria on obstacle surfaces:(a) Experimental trajectories of sliding bacteria (B = 0). (b) Trajectory of sliding p0. 6 µm from the surface, dashed line). The sliding distance is the distance covered tangentially to the surface. (c) Histogram of sliding distances as measured in the experiment (filled black circles) and the simulation (empty markers, for different values of the wall torque parameter α). We find good agreement for α = 0. 2 µm. When analyzing sliding distances from obstacles of different sizes and thus different curvatures, we saw only a weak dependence on the curvature in both experimental and simulated trajectories (S5 and S6). However, our obstacles are all much larger than the size of the bacteria, so we cannot exclude a curvature dependence for obstacles comparable to their size. We noticed that in the experiments, the bacteria appeared to be slower while sliding along the walls compared to free swimming. This effect was neglected in the simulations. Next, we simulated the motion of active dipolar p5. To escape a trap, bacteria need to reorient temporarily against the direction of the magnetic field. While some traps allow a fraction of the bacteria to escape and eventually arrive at the exit (purple trajectories that turn red), others do not (blue trajectories). Blue trajectories typically end in a trap of the latter type. Fig.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: In addition to synchronization from the central clock, feeding has been well demonstrated as a mechanism to reset liver clocks. 40–42 In our study, we provided mice with unrestricted access to food, allowing us to primarily observe changes arising from shift-work light conditions. The data from our study indicated that short-term exposure to rotating shift-light conditions did not significantly affect the circadian rhythms of liver clock genes. However, long-term exposure to rotating shifts resulted in circadian dysregulation, as evidence by loss of rhythmicity or significant differences in phase, amplitude, or MESOR in 7 out of 8 tested clock genes, and the jet-lag condition affected 3 out of 8 of the genes tested. These results suggest that liver clocks exhibit adaptability under less aggressive shift-work light conditions, possibly due to input from multiple environmental cues. Moreover, recent research has demonstrated that restricted feeding not only entrains liver clocks but also influences skin clocks in a distinct manner, highlighting an interesting interplay wherein a single stimulus can impact multiple systems. 31In our investigation, we observed significant disturbances in the circadian rhythm of canonical clock genes in the skin under various shift-work light conditions. Short-term exposure to rotating shift schedules and chronic jet-lag led to the disruption of circadian rhythmicity in 4 out of 8 tested canonical clock genes, while long-term exposure to rotating shifts affected 6 out of 8 of the genes, with most of these changes attributed to phase differences. Notably, unlike the liver, the circadian clock in the skin exhibited significant dysregulation across all shift-work light conditions examined in our study. This suggests that the skin’s circadian clock is more susceptible to the impact of shift-work light conditions compared to the clock in the liver. One potential explanation for this susceptibility is the involvement of opsins-mediated signaling. Opsins are a class of light sensing G protein-coupled receptors that trigger signaling cascades upon photosensation. Previous studies have identified the expression of various opsins in different models, including murine melanocytes,39 human melanocytes, keratinocytes, and dermal fibroblasts, and hair follicle stem cells. 43 The presence of opsins within the skin cells indicates the possibility of light-sensing capabilities in the skin tissue and the potential influence of environmental light cues on core clock regulation. However, experimental verification of this hypothesis is still required.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Ethnobotany focuses only on modern uses of plants and does not examine historical practices. [SEP] Text: 18 Members of the Acanthaceae family like Hygrophila spinosa, Andrographis paniculata, Barleria prionitis and Adhatoda vasica are used traditionally as antipyretic, anti-asthmatic, antiviral and in respiratory diseases. 19 L: This genus of family has significant medicinal importance. Ruellia is a genus of 250 different popular ornamental plants species commonly known as Ruellias. These plants are distributed in tropical regions and temperate regions of world. Many species of the genus contain important constituents such as glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids and triterpenoids. Because of this property these plants are used in the synthesis of various medicines. Plant extracts of genus Ruellia have anti-hypertensive, antinociceptive, analgesic, antispasmolytic, antioxidant, antiulcer, antidiabetic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties. 20 Ruellia brittoniana L: Ruellia brittoniana is an herbaceous ornamental perennial herb. Having flowering season from April to November. 21 Ruellia brittoniana is used for variety of purposes in traditional medicines. In pharmacological investigation, extracts of Ruellia brittoniana were used for cardiovascular screening. 20 Flavonoids compounds, fatty acid methyl esters and fatty acids were isolated by chromatographic methods. Phytochemical study revealed that Ruellia brittoniana contain 21 components e. g. 5, 2, 3-trihydroxy 7-O-glucoflavone, 5,7,4-trimethoxy 3-O-Rhamnoflavone and 2,246 -tetrahydroxy-chalcone. The herbal extract is studied for anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. 22 L: Plants belonging to this genus are distributed in Indonesia, Malaysia, Southeast Asia, India and Pakistan. 23 It has exhibited to have medicinal properties and fused for the treatment of various diseases and disorders. Respiratory tract diseases have particularly benefited from the ancient times. 24 Moreover, it has been used for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases and inflammation, including applications in eczema, malaria, rheumatism, lumber pain and swelling.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: 5Simulated motion of bacteria in an obstacle channel:Heat maps of the time-averaged density of bacteria from simulations of 2000 bacteria for 30 min with a magnetic field B = 50 µT, pointing from left to right). . The blue map represents bacteria that did not arrive at the right end of the simulation box during the simulated time the red heat map represents those that did. The interplay between magnetic field and the channel’s geometry creates natural paths through the channel. These paths can include or end in traps, formed by overlapping obstacles (examples are indicated by the green boxes). Figure 6a shows corresponding trajectories (again plotted as heat maps) for different strengths of the magnetic field. Increasing the magnetic field strength has two opposing effects: On the one hand, bacteria are on average more aligned with the direction of the magnetic field and the observed paths through the channel become more focused as their persistence length increases with increasing field. As a consequence, the bacteria are expected to cross the channel faster. For very weak fields, the bacteria explore the channel in an effectively diffusive manner; for the case of 50 µT, we observed one dominant path through most of the channel. On the other hand, bacteria become more susceptible to trapping with increasing field. For a field of 500 µT, no simulated bacterium crossed the channel within the simulation time and the path that was dominant at 50 µT now ends in a trap, from which the bacteria can no longer escape at 500 µT. This negative effect of the magnetic field arises because escape from traps requires that the bacteria transiently orient against the field. These effects thus have opposing influences on the throughput of the channel and provide an explanation for our observation that intermediate field strengths generate the highest throughput. To quantify these observations, we determined the cumulative arrival of bacteria in the exit area, ϕtot, which is plotted in Figure 6b as a function of time. This quantity also exhibits the non-monotonic behavior as a function of the magnetic field. We then performed extensive numerical simulations for a wide range of field strengths and for 10 different channels with different obstacle arrangements. We quantified the time of the first arrival (indicated by circles in Figure 6b) and the overall fraction of bacteria that arrived until the end of the simulation time ϕtot (crosses in Figure 6b) as functions of the field strength (Figure 6 c).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: At the level of independent clock genes, we found that the circadian rhythms of cryptochrome genes (Cry1 and/or Cry2), which are the primary repressors of the molecular clock and also involved in maintaining genome integrity of cells,44,45 were significantly disrupted under simulated shift conditions in both tissues. However, in the case of short-term rotating shift specifically affecting the liver, the rhythmicity of these genes remained intact. These findings are consistent with existing literature in humans, which has associated disrupted rhythms of Cry1 and Cry2 with circadian dysregulation of DNA repair and increased DNA damage following exposure to simulated night shift conditions. 46 Additionally, we observed consistent dysregulation of the circadian transcription factor Arntl, which is involved in protecting skin cells and regulating UVB associated DNA repair response and melanin pigmentation. 23,47,48 This dysregulation occurred following exposure to all different types of simulated shift-work light conditions utilized in this study. Our study has few limitations that should be considered when interpreting the findings. First, the use of a mouse model may limit the generalizability of the results to humans. Second, the simulation of shift-work light conditions may not fully capture the complexity of real-world shift schedules. Third, the sample size was relatively small, potentially affecting the statistical power. Fourth, the duration of exposure in our study may not fully reflect the long-term consequences of shift-work in humans. Despite these limitations, our study emphasizes the importance of recognizing the varying impacts of different shift conditions on the circadian system. We highlight the heightened susceptibility of the skin to circadian misalignment under shift-work light conditions, in comparison to the liver. Furthermore, we emphasize the significance of tissue-specific responses and the role of light regulating circadian rhythms, specifically focusing on canonical clock genes during shift-work. These findings offer valuable insights that can guide future research, potentially leading to the discovery of novel mechanisms and more effective treatment strategies for shift-work associated diseases. Author contributionsBala S. C. Koritala: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, – original draft preparation, Writing – review & editing. Panshak P. Dakup: – original draft preparation, Writing – review & editing. Kenneth I. Porter: Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Validation, Writing – review & editing.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Ethnobotany focuses only on modern uses of plants and does not examine historical practices. [SEP] Text: 25 Different plants of genus Justicia are utilized for their effects on the central nervous system as hallucinogens, sedatives, somniferous agents, depressors, and treatments of epileptic seizures and other mental disorders. 18 Plants belonging to this genus have been used as antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-jaundice, fever reducer, anti-bleeding, disinfectant and bronchodilator. 26 The leaves, flowers and roots of Justicia adhatoda are used in herbal drugs against tubercular activities, cancer and possessed anti-helmintic properties. The leaf infusion is stated to cure glandular tumor, dysentery and diarrhea. 27 Justicia adhatoda L:Justicia adhatoda is a perennial and evergreen shrub with unpleasant smell and bitter taste. Plants of this genus are widespread throughout the tropical regions of and growing throughout Pakistan especially in the lower Himalaya. It is commonly known as Malabar nut. 28 This genus has potent anti-periodic, astringent, diuretic and purgative action. It is a highly valued medicinal plant which is used in the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma, cough, bronchitis and tuberculosis. 29 Leaves of this plant has been used as main source of drug, used for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases and disorders, particularly for the respiratory tract ailments like chronic bronchitis, fever, swellings, asthma, pneumonia, malaria, tuberculosis, cold and cough. 30 L:During the course of research, Barleria genus was investigated to be the third largest pantropical genus of Acanthaceae with more than 300 species worldwide. Plants of this genus are distributed mainly in the subtropical and tropical parts of the world. genus has been classified into two subgenera (Barleria and Prionitis) and seven sections (and Prionitis). 31 A large number of essential active ingredients and compounds are extracted from Barlerias pecies like terpens, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolics, lignins etc. These compounds have shown effective therapeutic activities against several diseases.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: The first arrival time decreases with increasing field strength, however, the poor throughput for weak fields is mostly due to the slow arrival of the bulk of the bacteria, while some bacteria still cross the channel on an almost direct path. The fraction of arrivals, by contrast, shows the non-monotonic behavior indicated by our experimental results. Results for different channels (grey lines in Figure 6 c) are qualitatively similar. Quantitatively, the arrival fraction ϕtot shows considerable dependence on the channel geometry, with maximal arrival fractions between 50 and 100 % and maximal throughput in the range between a few and a few tens of µT. By contrast, the first-arrival time t f seems not to be affected by channel geometry (Figure 6 c). Fig. 6. Effect of magnetic field strength on simulated swimming through obstacle channels:(a) Motion of bacteria in a channel for different values of the field strength B (heat maps of the densities of arriving and non-arriving bacteria, blue and red, respectively, as in Figure 5) (b) Fraction ϕ of simulated bacteria that have arrived up to time t for different B. Circles mark the first-arrival times tf; crosses with thin lines mark total arrival fractions ϕtot. The curve for B = 500 µT remains at 0. (c) First-arrival times tf (top) and total arrival fraction ϕtot (bottom) as a function of the field strength B. With stronger fields, tf converges to the first-arrival time of a persistent swimmer in an empty channel (dashed grey line). ϕtot shows a peak at an intermediate (optimal) field strength, which can be explained by the interplay of two opposing effects that arise with stronger fields: effectively faster motion in the direction of the field and higher susceptibility to trapping. Blue data points show the results for the channel shown in a), gray lines show results in other channels. 2. 4 Escape from trapsOur simulations indicate that trapping of bacteria in the corners between overlapping obstacle pillars plays a crucial role for the non-monotonic dependence of the bacterial throughput on the magnetic field. We therefore investigated the escape from traps in more detail by simulating a large number of trap configurations with different geometric features.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: 2016 Dec 12; 30(6): 909–924. Pub| Text | Text 18. : Circadian disruption promotes tumor-immune microenvironment remodeling favoring tumor cell proliferation. Sci. Adv. 2020 Oct; 6(42). Epub 2020/10/16. Pub| Text | Text 19. : Transkingdom control of microbiota diurnal oscillations promotes metabolic homeostasis. Cell. 2014 Oct 23; 159(3): 514–529. Pub| Text 20. : Glucose tolerance in mice exposed to light-dark stimulus patterns mirroring dayshift and rotating shift schedules. Sci. Rep. 2017 Jan 12; 7: 40661. Epub 2017/01/13. Pub| Text | Text 21. : A rotating light cycle promotes weight gain and hepatic lipid storage in mice. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 2018 Dec 1; 315(6): G932–G942. Pub| Text 22. : The circadian clock protects against ionizing radiation-induced cardiotoxicity. . 2020 Feb; 34(2): 3347–3358. Pub| Text | Text 23. : The circadian clock protects against acute radiation-induced dermatitis. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2020 Jul 15; 399: 115040. Epub 20200515. Pub| Text 24. : Differential functions of mPer1, mPer2, and mPer3 in the SCN circadian clock. Neuron. 2001 May; 30(2): 525–536. Pub| Text 25. : in the Eyes of a Chronobiologist. J. Biol. Rhythm. 2016 Apr; 31(2): 115–124. Pub| Text 26. : Transcriptional architecture and chromatin landscape of the core circadian clock in mammals. Science. 2012 Oct 19; 338(6105): 349–354. Pub| Text | Text 27. : Genome-wide and phase-specific DNA-binding rhythms of BMAL1 control circadian output functions in mouse liver. PLoS Biol. 2011 Feb; 9(2): e1000595. Epub 2011/03/03. Pub| Text | Text 28. Reinke H, Asher G: Crosstalk between metabolism and circadian clocks. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2019 Apr; 20(4): 227–241.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Ethnobotany focuses only on modern uses of plants and does not examine historical practices. [SEP] Text: 30 Nees: is a morphologically diverse genus of about 350 species distributed throughout South and Southeast Asia, Malaysia, and Northern Australia. 38 Most of the plants of this genus have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anticancer and wound healing properties. Extracts of this genus are used in spider poisoning, influenza epidemic, cerebrospinal meningitis, viral pneumonia mumps and acute respiratory Syndrome. 39 Strobilanthes urticifolia Wall: Herbaceous perennial plants also known as Strobilanthe swallichii and Strobilanthes atropurpureus are found in forest from 2000-3500m in Asian countries. Strobilanthes urticifolia is used in stomach ailments, antiulcer, rheumatism, laxative and diuretic agent. But still there is a need to reveal phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of more number of plants in this plant. 7 plants belonging to family Acanthaceae has a great potential to explore for further studies. Several important plants belong to this family have significant value to control and treat many pathogenic, metabolic, genetic and other lethal diseases. These botanicals possessing medicinal properties might provide a basic raw material for making huge medicinal preparations. Because of its extensive uses all over the world may get extinct. It’s therefore necessary of further DNA barcode study to identify new novel species and proper conservational strategies should be initiated regarding this important plant family. Acknowledgements None. Conflict of interest The author declares no conflict of interest. 74. Ethnobotany and research trends in Trachyspermum ammi L. (Ajowan) a popular folklore remedy. Amer-Sci. 2015;15(1):68–73. Phytochemical potentials and medicinal uses of twenty-four selected medicinal plants from Swabi, Pakistan. J Agri. 2016;1(1):49–58. . Acanthaceae of bolivia. Contributions from the National Herbarium. 2004;49:1–152. . Toward a comprehensive understanding of phylogenetic relationships among lineages of Acanthaceae sl (Lamiales). Bot. 2008;95(9):1136–1152. Abdel- Phenetic analysis of morphological and molecular traits in Acanthaceae Juss. J Biosci Med. 2015;3(3):18–34. Anderson EF.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: We first considered symmetric traps as shown in Figure 7a and varied the strengths of the magnetic field and the trap depth d (by varying the overlap between two circular pillars with fixed radius r). In this case, p7. Escape from traps: Simulation(a) Trajectories of 100 bacteria escaping from the apex of a symmetric trap (B = 50 µT). The trap consists of two obstacles of radius 50 µm, in a distance of Δy = 100 µm. This results in a trap depth d = 50 µm. (b) Distribution of escape times of bacteria from the trap in (a). An exponential curve exp(−t/τ) (dashed line) is fitted to the data, with mean escape time τ = 22 s. (c) Dependence of the mean escape time τ on the field strength B for the trap in (a). An exponential curve is fitted to the data (dashed line). (d) Trajectories of 100 bacteria escaping from the apex of a generic trap (B = 50 µT). (e) Dependence of τ on d for B = 50 µT. Blue points show symmetric traps with both obstacles of radius 50 µm, similar to the trap in (a), gray points show a representative sample of all possible traps. An exponential curve is fitted to the blue data points (dashed line). Finally, we asked whether trapping of bacteria in corners is directly visible in our experiments. For that, we focused on one trap, indicated by the triangular area in Figure 8 (inset) and tracked the bacterial density in that area over time. Indeed, we could see bacteria trapped in this corner as indicated by a constant bacterial density in the trap. We then reduced the field strength in two steps, first from 500 µT to 50 µT and then to 0 µT. After both steps, we could observe a reduction of the bacterial density (Figure 8), indicating the expected release of bacteria from the trap upon reduction of the field and providing direct evidence for trapping in our experiments. Fig. 8. Escape from trap: ExperimentThe bacterial density in a trap (indicated by the yellow triangular area in the inset) is monitored over time. At the time points indicated by the arrows, the field strength is reduced (from 500 µT to 50 µT and from 50 µT to 0 µT, respectively), allowing the escape of trapped bacteria.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: : Neuropsin (OPN5) Light-of Genes and in Skin. Curr. Biol. 2019 Oct 21; 29(20): 3478–3487. e4. Pub| Text | Text 40. : Restricted feeding uncouples circadian oscillators in peripheral tissues from the central pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Genes Dev. 2000 Dec 1; 14(23): 2950–2961. Pub| Text | Text 41. : Entrainment of the circadian clock in the liver by feeding. Science. 2001 Jan 19; 291(5503): 490–493. Pub| Text 42. : Defining the Independence of the Clock. Cell. 2019 May 30; 177(6): 1448–1462. e14. Pub| Text | Text 43. : The expression of opsins in the human skin and its implications for photobiomodulation: A Systematic Review. Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 2020 Sep; 36(5): 329–338. Pub| Text | Text 44. : DNA damage shifts circadian clock time via Hausp-dependent Cry1 stabilization. elife. 2015 Mar 10; 4. Epub 20150310. Pub| Text | Text 45. : Dual modes of CLOCK:BMAL1 inhibition mediated by Cryptochrome and Period proteins in the mammalian circadian clock. Genes Dev. 2014 Sep 15; 28(18): 1989–1998. Pub| Text | Text 46. : Night shift schedule causes circadian dysregulation of DNA repair genes and elevated DNA damage in humans. J. Pineal Res. 2021 Apr; 70(3): e12726. Epub 20210314. Pub| Text | Text 47. : Brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (BMAL1) controls circadian cell proliferation and susceptibility to UVB-induced DNA damage in the epidermis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2012 Jul 17; 109(29): 11758–11763. Pub| Text | Text 48. : Circadian clock protein BMAL1 regulates melanogenesis through MITF in melanoma cells. Melanoma Res. 2021 Sep; 34(5): 955–965. Pub| Text | Text 49. : Determination of reference genes for circadian studies in different tissues and mouse strains.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Ethnobotany focuses only on modern uses of plants and does not examine historical practices. [SEP] Text: Ethnobotany of hill tribes of northern Thailand. I. Medicinal plants of Akha. Econ Bot. 1986;40(1):38–53 Durkee L. Flora Costaricensis: family. Acanthaceae. Field Bot. 1996;l(18):1–87. . Ethnobotany of acanthaceae in the mount cameroon region. J Res. 2013;7(38):2859–2866. . Scientia research library ISSN 2348-0416. J Res. 2014;2(2):36–42. Mabberley D. The plant-book: a portable dictionary of the vascular plants second edition; 1997. Mabberley DJ. Mabberley's plant-book: a portable dictionary of plants, their classifications and uses (No. Ed 3) Press; 2008. Prasad MP. Studies on phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of Acanthaceae species. Curr Res. 2014;6(9):8630–8637. . Identification and properties of Asteracantha longifolia (L. ) Nees byGC-MS analysis. J Life Sci. 2017;5(1):1–6 Clinacanthus nutans: a review of the medicinal uses, pharmacology and phytochemistry. J Trop Med. 2016;9(4):402–409. Kavitha K, Sujatha, Manoharan S. Antidiabetic potential of acanthaceae family. . 2016;6(1):30–37. An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the Nandi people in Kenya. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008;116(2):370–376. Hussain M, Ghani A. Herbal remidies used for gastrointestinal disorders in Kaghan valley, NWFP, Pakistan. Res. 2008;14(3-4):169–200. Assessment of bioactivity of Indian medicinal plants using brine shrimp (Artemia salina) lethality assay. Eng. 2005;3(2):125–134 Genus ruellia: pharmacological and phytochemical importance in ethnopharmacology. Acta pol pharm. 2015;72(5):821–827. Bishay D, Abdel-Baky A, El-Moghazy S, et al.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: 3 Concluding remarksIn this study, we have used experiments in microfluidic channels and p4. 1 Characterization of sediment4. 1. 1 Sample harvesting and preparationThe sediment sample was collected in the Großer Zernsee lake (Potsdam, Germany), from the first layer of sediment (5 cm) in the shallow water nearby the shore. Macroscopic organic matter was manually removed. The sand was stored in lake water, and shaken before sample preparation to avoid strong sedimentation effects. The sample of sand in water was placed in a plastic cuvette of 4 mm in diameter, with a layer of water covering the top of the sand. 4. 1. 2 Micro-computer tomographyThe micro-computer tomography scan was performed with the SkyScan 1172 scanner. For the scans, the following setting were used: X-ray source 89 kV, 112 µA, Size (µm)=1. 56, Exposure (ms)=1400, (°)=0. 150, with frame averaging. Raw data were reconstructed using NRcon software (Version 1. 6. 10. 4). For the reconstruction: (µm)=1. 56202, Range (deg)=360. 00, (deg)=0. 1500, Correction=10, Smoothing=0, Filter cutoff relative to Nyquist frequency=100, Filter type description=Hamming (Alpha=0. 54), Correction (%)=70. 4. 1. 3 3D statistical analysis with CTAnFor the statistics, the first 1316 bottom slices were used (2 mm of sample), to avoid slices not completely filled by sand and distortion effects that were seen in the top slices. The microCT images were processed by thresholding with Otsu method, despeckled (for white and black speckles, to reduce the noise) and a Median filter was applied with the the CTAn software (Version 1. 16, Brucker). The 3D statistics regarding the grain-size distribution (trabecular thickness) and the water-gap distribution (trabecular separation) was obtained by the CTAn software (Version 1. 16, Brucker). In this process, the grain sizes are quantified by the smallest dimension of the sediment grains. The distributions were fitted with a fitting tool, using a Gaussian fitting model a exp(−(x − µ)2/c2).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: BMC Mol. Biol. 2010 Aug 16; 11: 60. Pub| Text | Text 50. : Cycle threshold values of qPCR data for genes in the liver and skin of animals that were exposed to both control and simulated shift conditions. [Dataset]. figshare. 2023. Text 51. : CircaCompare analysis of canonical clock genes in the mouse liver and skin following exposure to simulated shift-work light conditions. [Dataset]. figshare. 2023. Text 52. : - F1000 Research. pdf. figshare. 2023. on this 10. 12688/f1000research. 136998. 3 version 2 Revised Published: 02 Aug 2023, 12:762 version 1 Published: 28 Jun 2023, 12:762 Copyright © 2023 Koritala BSC et al. This is an open access 10. 12688/f1000research. 136998. 1) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all 10. 5256/f1000research. 150145. r184831) The direct URL for this report is: In “The impact of shift-work light conditions on tissue-specific circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes: insights from a mouse model study”, Koritala, Dakup, and colleagues explore the outcome of short- and long-term exposure to rotating shift work compared to normal. . . Continue reading “The impact of shift-work light conditions on tissue-specific circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes: insights from a mouse model study”, Koritala, Dakup, and colleagues explore the outcome of short- and long-term exposure to rotating shift work compared to normal conditions and jet lag in circadian rhythms of the skin and liver in mice. This aims to fill a knowledge gap where only short-term shift work experiments have been conducted on humans in laboratory settings, whereas human shift workers tend to engage in rotating shift work for many years. find that, in general, short-term shift work has a subtle effect on rhythmicity of molecular clock gene expression, particularly in the liver. In longer-term shift work and jet lag, the Cry genes were the most sensitive to disruption; however, long-term shift work and jet lag both dramatically affected the oscillatory characteristics of many circadian genes, often in a disparate fashion.

Output: corroborate