Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Authors' response: As per the suggestion of the reviewer, we have elaborated on the procedure of skin tissue collection within the '' section in our methods. 2. Is the selection of light intensity reasonable in the experiment? Multiple studies have shown that bright light can affect the circadian rhythm of activity, metabolism and clock gene expression (Bano-Otalora et al. , 20211; Alves-Simoes et al. , 20162; Fan et al. , 20223). Meanwhile, the light intensity also affects the impact of chronic jet-lag. Authors' response: Our study maintained similar light intensities across control and shift simulation groups to focus on shift impacts, thereby reducing potential variation from light intensity differences. However, recognizing the significance of light intensity on chronic jet-lag, we will consider incorporating this factor into future experimental designs, perhaps by comparing the effects of different light intensities on chronic jet-lag. 3. More information should be provided on Circadian rhythm analysis, especially the setting of parameters. Authors' response: In response to the reviewer’s suggestion, we have clarified our use of the standard parameters of the Circapackage (as per Parsons et al. , Bioinformatics, 2020, PMID: 31588519). This approach includes a fixed period of 24 hours. 4. Why use two housekeeping genes in the same tissue for clock gene relative quantification? Authors' response: Vandesompele et al. (Genome Biol. 2002, PMID: 12184808) showed that normalizing with the geometric mean of carefully chosen control genes improves qPCR accuracy. Using a single universal control gene is less effective due to variations across different cells or tissues. Moreover, fluctuations within standard housekeeping genes depending on the time of day have been recognized in studies (Kosir et al. , BMC Mol Biol. 2010; PMID: 20712867). Thus, the utilization of more than one housekeeping gene minimizes this variability. 5. The author should discuss why Cry genes are preferentially altered under three light conditions. Authors' response: In the discussion section of the revised manuscript, we covered the response of Cry genes to simulated shift conditions. In this manuscript, Koritala et al. report that shift-work light affects the circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes in the liver and skin of mice.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: 30 this study, most of the respondents are male. Men seem to possess more traditional knowledge of medicinal plants compared to women, possibly due to their increased access to the forest to hunt, collect wild fruits and plants, and obtain material for housing construction and development of tools. These activities allow them to acquire forest-related knowledge, while on the other hand, women are dedicated to the care of charges and care of the house. In the communities represented in this study, women have more access to plants grown in home gardens. The number of woman participants in this study is low because most plants used for malaria are found in the forest. This finding is consistent with research conducted by Boster101 and Garro102 who mentioned that the knowledge of any given person is determined by their role in society (gender, age, division of labor, individual experience), creating differences in access to knowledge. The largest number of species reported, is observed in the community of Puerto Laguna. This result could be due to the presence of the only Paye who participated in the study. is the most influential community member who passes on their knowledge to the younger generations. Yurupari, is a community that also reported a large number of species. This could be due to their proximity to and the observed relationship between the inhabitants of these communities, allowing transmission of knowledge between traditional healers. The families with more genera and species reported are Bignoniaceae (8 species/6 genera) and Fabaceae (4 species/4 genera). According to Gentry103 the Bignoniaceae family predominates among the plants with medicinal use. Gentry identified 27 genera of lianas and nine genera of trees, all with therapeutic properties. The finding in this study of several species belonging to the Bignoniaceae family with antimalarial use may be due to the wide geographic distribution of this family and the presence of secondary metabolites of naphthoquinone, such as lapachol. 104 On the other hand, the Fabaceae family is also often used for medicinal purposes. According Leonti, this is probably due to its abundance and high diversity of active constituent chemicals with organoleptic properties. 97 Alkaloids, flavonoids and polyphenols have been isolated from this family. The activity of these metabolites is associated with antidiabetic106 anti-inflammatory106 and antimicrobial effects.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Пользователь дает согласие на соблюдение всех применимых законов об авторском праве, товарных знаках и других законов об интеллектуальной собственности, а также всех дополнительных уведомлений, указаний и ограничений в отношении авторского права и товарных знаков, приведенных в любом разделе Сайта.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Authors' response: In the discussion section of the revised manuscript, we covered the response of Cry genes to simulated shift conditions. Competing Interests: No conflicts of Report a concern Respond or 29 Aug 2023 of 29 Aug 2023 In this manuscript, Koritala et al. report that shift-work light affects the circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes in the liver and skin of mice. Although the. . . Continue reading In this manuscript, Koritala et al. report that shift-work light affects the circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes in the liver and skin of mice. Although the authors have utilized multiple approaches to test their hypothesis, there remain areas where the methods section should also provide detailed information. Please refer to the following comments for more details. 1. Describe in detail the process for collecting skin, which part of the skin tissue was collected? Authors' response: As per the suggestion of the reviewer, we have elaborated on the procedure of skin tissue collection within the '' section in our methods. 2. Is the selection of light intensity reasonable in the experiment? Multiple studies have shown that bright light can affect the circadian rhythm of activity, metabolism and clock gene expression (Bano-Otalora et al. , 20211; Alves-Simoes et al. , 20162; Fan et al. , 20223). Meanwhile, the light intensity also affects the impact of chronic jet-lag. Authors' response: Our study maintained similar light intensities across control and shift simulation groups to focus on shift impacts, thereby reducing potential variation from light intensity differences. However, recognizing the significance of light intensity on chronic jet-lag, we will consider incorporating this factor into future experimental designs, perhaps by comparing the effects of different light intensities on chronic jet-lag. 3. More information should be provided on Circadian rhythm analysis, especially the setting of parameters. Authors' response: In response to the reviewer’s suggestion, we have clarified our use of the standard parameters of the Circapackage (as per Parsons et al. , Bioinformatics, 2020, PMID: 31588519). This approach includes a fixed period of 24 hours. 4. Why use two housekeeping genes in the same tissue for clock gene relative quantification? Authors' response: Vandesompele et al. (Genome Biol.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: 107 The type of plant most reported by the traditional healers of the Vaupés medio was the tree, with 19 tree species reported. This can be easily explained due to the fact that most of the plants used to treat malaria were collected in mature forests or forests with little intervention, a pattern that has been observed in other studies. 2 The species collected and identified are mostly native (90. 24%). This is evidence that the species indeed grow wild in the study area and demonstrates the persistence of indigenous knowledge using native vegetation, consistent with what was found by Perez in the Peruvian Amazon. The part of the plant reported with the highest frequency for its use in the production of anti-malarial remedies was the stem bark. This may be due to the preference of the traditional healers to remove a part of the organ without damaging the whole plant, "so that it does not dry up. " Additionally, the traditional healers think that the substances responsible for the activity are concentrated in the bark and extraction of this part is simple. The leaves are used with a lower relative frequency compared to the other organs. It is noteworthy that the traditional healers do not use fruits for the treatment of malaria. This practice is possibly due to the fact that the fruits are not available permanently and malaria can occur at any moment. Among the species collected in this study, only four usage records were significant (i. e. they had higher citation frequency in the interviews conducted in the ten communities visited). Never the less, only Abuta grandifolia, with an FI of 36%, exceeded the 20% citation frequency. This is a strong indicator that this species deserves special attention for validation and scientific evaluation. on the Friedman’s consensus technique of informants, the species most reported as antimalarial by healers of the are: Abuta grandifolia, Aspidosperma excelsum, Matisia cf. glandifera and Pleonotoma jasminifolia. More studies are necessary to validate ethnobotany data. It is important to verify the efficiency of each plant to kill malaria parasites, especially giving special attention to the species Pleonotoma jasminifolia, which has no previous report in the literature as antimalarial.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Если в настоящем параграфе не оговорено иное, Пользователь не вправе: (i) копировать, воспроизводить, каким-либо образом изменять, исправлять или искажать Сайт, Услуги или какую-либо их часть; (ii) продавать, демонстрировать, распространять, публиковать, транслировать, передавать или каким-либо иным образом распространять или передавать Сайт, Услуги или какую-либо их часть каким-либо физическим или юридическим лицам; (iii) создавать производные произведения на

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: 2002, PMID: 12184808) showed that normalizing with the geometric mean of carefully chosen control genes improves qPCR accuracy. Using a single universal control gene is less effective due to variations across different cells or tissues. Moreover, fluctuations within standard housekeeping genes depending on the time of day have been recognized in studies (Kosir et al. , BMC Mol Biol. 2010; PMID: 20712867). Thus, the utilization of more than one housekeeping gene minimizes this variability. 5. The author should discuss why Cry genes are preferentially altered under three light conditions. Authors' response: In the discussion section of the revised manuscript, we covered the response of Cry genes to simulated shift conditions. In this manuscript, Koritala et al. report that shift-work light affects the circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes in the liver and skin of mice. Although the authors have utilized multiple approaches to test their hypothesis, there remain areas where the methods section should also provide detailed information. Please refer to the following comments for more details. 1. Describe in detail the process for collecting skin, which part of the skin tissue was collected? Authors' response: As per the suggestion of the reviewer, we have elaborated on the procedure of skin tissue collection within the '' section in our methods. 2. Is the selection of light intensity reasonable in the experiment? Multiple studies have shown that bright light can affect the circadian rhythm of activity, metabolism and clock gene expression (Bano-Otalora et al. , 20211; Alves-Simoes et al. , 20162; Fan et al. , 20223). Meanwhile, the light intensity also affects the impact of chronic jet-lag. Authors' response: Our study maintained similar light intensities across control and shift simulation groups to focus on shift impacts, thereby reducing potential variation from light intensity differences. However, recognizing the significance of light intensity on chronic jet-lag, we will consider incorporating this factor into future experimental designs, perhaps by comparing the effects of different light intensities on chronic jet-lag. 3. More information should be provided on Circadian rhythm analysis, especially the setting of parameters. Authors' response: In response to the reviewer’s suggestion, we have clarified our use of the standard parameters of the Circapackage (as per Parsons et al. , Bioinformatics, 2020, PMID: 31588519).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: Through this work we were able to demonstrate that despite the social and cultural changes that lead to the rapid disappearance of ancestral knowledge, active traditional healers within the Colombian native communities still exists and hold an important place in society for the knowledge they possess. As for the medicinal flora, important information was gathered revealing 42 species with antimalarial use in these 10 indigenous communities. This work can support further phytochemical investigations, especially for those plants with no bibliographic reports so far. In such a small area of the Amazon species with no previous report of antimalarial activity were discovered. For this reason it is necessary to conduct more ethnobotanical studies in the region. OR contributed in collecting plant sample, SB contributed to design the study and critical reading of the manuscript, FC contributed in collecting plant sample and identification, confection of herbarium and morphological description of the species. AP designed the study, supervised the field work, and drafted the paper and contributed to critical reading of the manuscript. All the authors had read the final manuscript and approved the submission contributed to analysis of the data. project was funded by Colciencias grant 1115-489-25104 RC 506-2009, Universidad de Antioquia, sustainability strategy 2014-2015. The authors would like to thank the Herbarium of the Universidad de Antioquia and Dr. who gave valuable advice over a 4 month period. The authors would also like to thank the traditional healers representing the 10 communities, for their trust and cooperation. Without their permission and cooperation this investigation would not be possible. Conflict of interest The authors have no conflicts of interest. 2015. . Comparison of traditional wild plant knowledge between aboriginal communities inhabiting arid and forest environments in Patagonia, Argentina. J Arid Environ. 2007;69(4):695‒715. INS. de Salud- Dirección de Vigilancia y Análisis del Riesgo en Salud Pública. Informe de Vigilancia y control, Colombia; 2016. First case of a naturally acquired human infection with Plasmodium cynomolgi. Malar J. 2014;13:68. . Malaria control in Africa and the role of traditional medicine. Traditional medicinal plants and malaria. 2004. p. 3‒18.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text:  базе Сайта или Услуг; или (iv) проводить инженерный анализ, декомпилировать или дезассемблировать (кроме случаев, в явной форме разрешенных применимым законодательством) какое-либо программное обеспечение, используемое в рамках Сайта или Услуг.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: replyRespond to this report Responses (1) 29 Aug 2023 of “The impact of shift-work light conditions on tissue-specific circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes: insights from a mouse model study”, Koritala, Dakup, and colleagues explore the outcome of short- and long-term exposure to rotating shift work compared to normal conditions and jet lag in circadian rhythms of the skin and liver in mice. This aims to fill a knowledge gap where only short-term shift work experiments have been conducted on humans in laboratory settings, whereas human shift workers tend to engage in rotating shift work for many years. find that, in general, short-term shift work has a subtle effect on rhythmicity of molecular clock gene expression, particularly in the liver. In longer-term shift work and jet lag, the Cry genes were the most sensitive to disruption; however, long-term shift work and jet lag both dramatically affected the oscillatory characteristics of many circadian genes, often in a disparate fashion. conclude that different rotating work and sleep schedules can have outsize impacts on molecular clock oscillation that may vary between tissues. Overall, this is a well-designed and executed study with clear outcomes and interpretable results. I have several minor suggestions and comments that I believe will enhance the quality of the final manuscript. Authors' response: We appreciate the reviewer’s constructive and positive feedback on our manuscript. 1. This study was only carried out in male mice, which goes against the NIH policy “Consideration of Sex as a in NIH-funded Research” (NOT-OD-15-102). should discuss this in their Limitations section, and how the outcomes may be different in females. Authors' response: We thank the reviewer for highlighting this. We concur and have addressed the exclusive use of male mice in the limitations section, including potential differences in female outcomes. 2. 4, it is difficult to assess which oscillation characteristics are significantly different from control just by looking at the figure. I am aware that full statistics are available in Table 1, but it would be best if the Authors also figured out a way to represent, perhaps with a different shape (a star instead of a circle? ) which datapoints were significantly different in Figure 4. Authors' response: Great suggestion. We revised Figure 4 to visually highlight the significantly different datapoints. 3.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: Campuzano-Zuluaga G, Alvarez-Sánchez G, Escobar-Gallo GE, et al. Design of malaria diagnostic criteria for the Sysmex XE-2100 hematology analyzer. Hyg. 2010;82(3):402‒411. Bermúdez ázquez D. La investigación etnobotánica sobre plantas medicinales: una revisión de sus objetivos y enfoques actuales. Interciencia. 2005;30(8):453‒459. Rieckmann KH, Antuñano FJL. Chloroquine resistance of Plasmodium falciparum in Brazil detected by a simple in vitro method. Health Organ. 1971;45(2):157‒167. Tang W, Eisenbrand G. Chinese drugs of plant origin. Chemistry, pharmacology, and use in traditional and modern medicine. Springer-Verlag. 1992. . Qinghaosu. The Lancet. 1993;341(8845):603‒608. Gentry AH. Tree species richness of upper Amazonian forests. . 1988;85(1):156‒159. Gari J. Biodiversity and indigenous agroecology in Amazonia: The indigenous people of Pastaza. Etnoecologica. 2001;5(7):21‒37. Guevara Garzón J. En busca de un modelo de salud para los pueblos indígenas. La experiencia del Vaupés. Mitú: de salud del Vaupés, Ministerio de salud. 1998. Bodnar Y. Pueblos indígenas de Colombia: apuntes sobre la diversidad cultural y la información sociodemográfica disponible. afrodescendientes de América Latina y el Caribe: información sociodemográfica para políticas y programas. 2006. p. 135‒154. IGAC. Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi. Diccionario geográfico de Colombia, Colombia; 1996. Correa F.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Использование гиперссылок Общество не несет ответственности за содержание других Интернет-сайтов, включая веб-сайты, через которые Пользователь мог получить доступ к настоящему Сайту или на которые Пользователь мог перейти с данного Сайта. Компания не несет никакой ответственности в связи с такими сайтами или ссылками.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: In the Discussion, the Authors mainly focus on the observed differences between short-term and long-term rotating shift work, which is indeed important. Equally important is the fact that many papers and groups use the jet lag protocol as a proxy for shift work, and the Authors demonstrate here that the outcomes of jet lag can be quite different from either short-term or long-term rotating shift work. This is a very important finding that should be addressed in the Discussion. Authors' response: Thank you for highlighting this. We've updated our Discussion section to emphasize the differences between jet lag outcomes and the effects of both short-term and long-term rotating shift work. View more View less No conflicts of Interests reply a concern keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports 0 Views copyright © 2023 Zhang T. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 13 Jul 2023 | for Version 1 0 Views copyright © 2023 Zhang T. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses(1) Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the 1. Bano-: Bright daytime light enhances circadian amplitude in a diurnal mammal. . 2021; 118 (22). Pub| Text 2. Alves-: Effects of type of light on mouse circadian behaviour and stress levels. Lab Anim. 2016; 50 (1): 21-9 Pub| Text 3. : Light intensity alters the effects of light-induced circadian disruption on glucose and lipid metabolism in mice. Metab. 2022; 322 (1): E1-E9 Pub| competing interests were disclosed. circadian clock and metabolism I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. replyRespond to this report Responses (1) 29 Aug 2023 of this manuscript, Koritala et al. report that shift-work light affects the circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes in the liver and skin of mice.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: Elementos de identidad y organizacion social entre las comunidades indigenas de la region del Vaupés. Maguare Bogota. 1983;2(2):97‒123. Alexiades MN. Collecting ethnobotanical data: an introduction to basic concepts and techniques. Advances in Economic Botany. 1996;10:53‒96. . Etnografía: métodos de investigación. Paidós Barcelona, Spain; 1994. Martin GJ. Ethnobotany: a methods manual. Earthscan/James & James. 2004. Taylor S, Bogdan R. Introducción a la observación participante. in cap 2. Paidós Barcelona, Spain; 1992. Valles MS. Técnicas cualitativas de investigación social. Sintesis Editorial. 2000. Hamme M, Atkinson P. Etnografía. Métodos de investigación. Barcelona, Paidós, México; 1994. Hammersley M. Etnografía. In: Atkinson P, editor. Métodos de investigación. Paidós, México; 1983. Goodman LA. Snowball sampling. of Mathematical Statistics. 1961;32(1):148‒170. Cunningham AB. Applied ethnobotany: people, wild plant use and conservation. Earthscan/James & James, UK; 2001. Cunningham AB. Etnobotánica aplicada. Pueblos, uso de plantas silvestres y conservación. Nordan Comunidad, Uruguay; 2001. A preliminary classification of the healing potential of medicinal plants, based on a rational analysis of an ethnopharmacological field survey among Bedouins in the Negev Desert, Israel. J Ethnopharmacol. 1986;16(2‒3):275‒287. Alonso AS. De lo visible a lo invisible: sistema de salud intercultural entre los pueblos del Vaupes. in La diversidad ante el espejo: salud, interculturalidad y contexto migratorio. Abya Yala. 2008. Pérez D.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Если предоставляются гиперссылки на Интернет-сайт третьей стороны, это делается с наилучшими намерениями и с тем убеждением, что такой веб-сайт содержит или может содержать материал, имеющий отношение к содержанию настоящего Сайта.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Journal of Circadian RhythmsStart SubmissionBecome a ReviewerReading: Syndrome in shift workers: A cross sectional study on male assembly workersDownloadXML (US English)PDF (US English)Alt. DisplayShareShareResearch 8. 5%). In workers suffering from RLS, we found greater mean values of age and work experience, higher percentages of drug consumption, smoking, and co-morbid illnesses compared with subjects who did not have RLS, although these differences were statistically significant only for age, work experience and drug consumption. Conclusion: Rotational shift work acts as a risk or exacerbating factor for Syndrome. Year: 2009Page/10. 1186/1740-3391-7-12Submitted on Mar 16, 2009Accepted on Sep 14, 2009Published on Sep 14, 20094. 0 (RLS) is a relatively common, under-diagnosed and treatable neurological disorder characterized by an irresistible urge to move the limbs to stop uncomfortable sensory symptoms in the extremities [1]. Typical symptoms involve the legs, but the arms can also become involved [2]. Currently, there is no single diagnostic test for RLS. The disorder is diagnosed clinically by evaluating the patient's history and symptoms. The clinical features of RLS were first fully characterized by Ekbom in the 1940s [1,3]. The most recent RLS diagnostic criteria were developed at a workshop held by the of Health with the members of the () [4]. Four essential criteria for the diagnosis of RLS are: 1) a compelling urge to move the limbs, usually associated with unpleasant sensation in the legs; 2) symptoms worse or exclusively present at rest, such as lying or sitting 3) the urge to move or unpleasant sensations are partially or totally relieved by movement, such as walking, stretching or rubbing the legs; and 4) symptoms are worse later in the day or at night [5]. Supportive clinical features for the diagnosis include a response to dopaminergic agents, a family history of the disorder, and Movements (PLMs). PLMs can be characterized by periodic episodes of stereotyped limb movements occurring during sleep which are very common in a variety of sleep disorders including RLS. The existence of PLMs is, however, not necessary or sufficient to make the diagnosis of RLS [2]. In epidemiological studies, very different RLS prevalence rates have been reported.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: Etnobotánica medicinal y biocidas para malaria en la región Ucayali. Folia amazónica. 2002;13(1‒2):87‒108. Pabon A, Ramirez O, Ríos A, et al. Antiplasmodial and of Extracts as Reported by People of the (in Colombia). Planta Med. 2016;82(8):717‒722. Alkaloid diversity in eleven species of Ormosia and in Clathrotropis macrocarpa (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae). Brittonia. 1994;46(4):355‒371. Sagen AL. Phytochemical and biological investigations on Clathrotropis glaucophylla (Fabaceae), an ingredient of Yanomamï curare, emphasizing on quinolizidine alkaloids. ürich, Switzerland; 2002. E. Etnobotánica de las comunidades indígenas Waunana, Chocó (Colombia). Cespedesia. 1980;9(33):115‒302. Glenboski LL. Ethnobotany of the Tukuna Indians. Amazonas, Colombia; 1975. . The healing forest: medicinal and toxic plants of the Northwest Amazonia. ís (Francia); 1990;12:236‒237. Assessment of anti-protozoal activity of plants traditionally used in Ecuador in the treatment of leishmaniasis. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010;128(1):184‒197. García Barriga H. Flora medicinal de Colombia. Bogotá DC: Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, de Colombia. 1974;3:443‒459. Gupta MPB. Plantas medicinales iberoamericanas. Bogotá DC, Colombia: Convenio Andrés Bello (CAB), de Ciencia y Tecnología (CYTED) y Universidad de Panamá. 2008. Pérez-Arbeláez E. Plantas útiles de Colombia. á, Colombia; 1996.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Такая гиперссылка не означает, что Общество проверило или одобрило соответствующий сайт третьей стороны или его контент или что оно выражает одобрение, спонсирует или поддерживает аффилированные отношения с таким Интернет-сайтом, его владельцами или провайдерами. Юрисдикция Использование Пользователем настоящего Сайта и действие настоящих условий и положений регламентируются законодательством Российской Федерации.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Some discrepancies may be due to the different diagnostic criteria and methodological tools applied and the different targeted populations with varying ethnicities assessed in the surveys. [1,6 - 8]. A significant number of people worldwide are exposed to shift work as a result of social needs and economic factors. The relationship between work schedules and health is complex and is influenced by characteristics of the work schedule itself as well as the characteristics of the job, the worker, and the work environment [9]. Shift work exerts adverse effects by disturbing circadian rhythms, sleep, and personal life, and may even be an oxidative stressor [10,11]. The association between shift work and several health problems, including reductions in the length and quality of sleep, gastrointestinal symptoms, and cardiovascular diseases is reported in many investigative studies [12 - 14]. Symptoms of RLS show a characteristic circadian pattern, and intensity of subjective complaints of RLS patients may be modulated by changes in biological markers such as melatonin [15]. Hence, the disturbance of circadian rhythms associated with rotating shift work may affect the prevalence and intensity of RLS symptoms. The main object of our study was to investigate the potential association of shift work with Syndrome. cross sectional study was conducted in an automobile manufacturing factory located in Tehran (the capital city of Iran). Factory workers cover morning (7 am - 3 pm), afternoon (3 pm - 11 pm) and night (11 pm - 7 am) shifts. Employees assigned to schedule A are required to work only morning shifts whereas employees assigned to schedules B and C follow a rotating shift schedule. Specifically, employees assigned to schedule B rotate on a six week schedule, where they alternate between the morning and afternoon shifts for 5 weeks, and they are required to work the night shifts in week 6. Employees assigned to schedule C rotate on a three week schedule, where they work the morning shifts for week one, followed by the afternoon shifts and night shifts on weeks two and three, respectively. A total of 1700 assembly workers were working in the factory at the time of sampling, and a sample of 780 male workers (260 workers in each work schedule) was selected from them, by using a simple randomization. No specific exclusion criteria were used. Each subject signed an informed consent document after the goals of the study were fully explained.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: Estudio Etnobotánico sobre las especies utilizadas por la Comunidad Indígena Miraña, Amazonas-Colombia. Bogotá DC: Fund, Bogota, Colombia; 1988. p. 386. Milliken W. Traditional anti-malarial medicine in Roraima, Brazil. Economic Botany. 1997;51(3):212‒237. êa do Abordagem etnobotânica acerca do uso de plantas medicinais na Vila Cachoeira, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brasil. Acta farmacêutica bonaerense. 2002;21(3):205‒211. Ta’ta’, Huayani: Perception of leishmaniasis and evaluation of medicinal plants used by the Chayahuita in Peru. Part II. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009;126(1):149‒158. Treatment of leishmaniasis in the Oyapock basin (French Guiana): A K. A. P. survey and analysis of the evolution of phytotherapy knowledge amongst Wayapi Indians. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011;137(3):1228‒1239. Rodrigues E. Plants and animals utilized as medicines in the Jaú (JNP), Brazilian Amazon. Phytother Res. 2006;20(5):378‒391. Sanz-Biset J, Cañigueral S. Plant use in the medicinal practices known as “strict diets” in Chazuta valley (Peruvian Amazon). J Ethnopharmacol. 2011;137(1):271‒288. . Contribución al conocimiento de la Anaueria sp. Añuje moena; nuevo registro en la Amazonía peruana. Folia Amazonica. 1990;2:1‒16. Tene V, Malagón O, Finzi PV, et al. An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used in Loja and Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador. J Ethnopharmacol. 2007;111(1):63‒81.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Суды Российской Федерации имеют эксклюзивную юрисдикцию в отношении всех споров, возникающих в связи с использованием вами настоящего Сайта. Посещая данный Сайт, Пользователь безоговорочно соглашается подчиниться юрисдикции государственных судов Российской Федерации по месту нахождения Общества.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: 5% (n = 22 out of 260) in group A, 14. 7% (n = 38 out of 258) in group B and 15. 2% (n = 38 out of 250) in group C. Comparison of RLS prevalences using chi square test showed significant differences between groups B and A (p = 0. 03), groups C and A (p = 0. 02), and groups B&C and A (p = 0. 01). Thus, the prevalence of RLS was significantly higher in rotational shift workers (groups B and C) than workers with permanent morning work schedule (group A) (see Table 2). Table 2 Relation of shift work patterns with occurrence of Syndrome (RLS) GroupSuffering from [95% CI] Adjusted* OR [95% CI] NoYesDay workers (Group A), n (%)238 (91. 5)22 (8. 5)1. 0 Reference1. 0 ReferenceRotational shift workers, n (%) - Group B220 (85. 3)38 (14. 7)1. 87 [1. 07-3. 26]§ 1. 82 [1. 03-3. 21]§ - Group C212 (84. 8)38 (15. 2)1. 94 [1. 11-3. 38]§ 1. 98 [1. 12-3. 51]§ - and C432 (85)76 (15)1. 9 [1. 15-3. 14]§ 1. 89 [1. 13-3. 16]§ Notes: Group B: workers who follow a work schedule which consists of weekly rotation between morning and afternoon shifts for five weeks in a row, followed by one week of night shifts on week six; Group C: workers who follow a work schedule which consists of weekly rotation between morning, afternoon and night shifts; n = number; OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval * This analysis was adjusted by age and drug consumption. § P-value < 0. 05 Comparisons of RLS severity and weekly occurrence between groups are shown in Table 3.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: Sanz-Biset J, Campos-de-la-Cruz J, Epiquién-Rivera MA, et al. A first survey on the medicinal plants of the Chazuta valley (Peruvian Amazon). J Ethnopharmacol. 2009;122(2):333‒362. The rainbow hurts my skin: medicinal concepts and plants uses among the Yanesha (Amuesha), an ethnic group. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010;127(1):175‒192. de Albuquerque UP, Muniz de Medeiros P, de Almeida AL, et al. Medicinal plants of the caatinga (semi-arid) vegetation of NE Brazil: a quantitative approach. J Ethnopharmacol. 2007;114(3):325‒354. Antiviral activity of some medicinal plants. Phytother Res. 1999;13(2):142‒146. de las Heras B, Slowing K, Benedí J, et al. Antiinflammatory and antioxidant activity of plants used in traditional medicine in Ecuador. J Ethnopharmacol. 1998;61(2):161‒166. Evaluation of traditional antimalarial remedies. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005;98(1):45‒54. A search for natural bioactive compounds in Bolivia through a multidisciplinary approach. Part V. Evaluation of the antimalarial activity of plants used by the Tacana Indians. J Ethnopharmacol. 2001;77(1):91‒98. Plants used by native Amazonian groups from the (Peru) for the treatment of malaria. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011;133(2):917‒921. Antimalarials from nature. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry. 2009;17(9):3229‒3256. Antimalarial plants used by indigenous people of the Negro in Amazonas, Brazil. J Ethnopharmacol 2016;178:188‒198. Antimalarial remedies in French Guiana: a knowledge attitudes and practices study. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005;98(3):351‒360. The classical drug discovery approach to defining bioactive constituents of botanicals. Fitoterapia. 2011;82(1):71‒79.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Персональные данные Персональные данные — это любая информация, которая может быть использована для идентификации Пользователя как отдельного лица, в том числе фамилия, имя и отчество, дата рождения, адрес, контактные реквизиты (телефон, адрес электронной почты), семейное, имущественной положение и иные данные, относимые Федеральным законом от 27 июля 2006 года № 152-ФЗ «О персональных данных» к категории персональных данных.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Epidemiological surveys have shown that RLS is a common neurological movement disorder. In the reports of previous Asian studies, RLS prevalence rates ranged from 0. 1% in a primary healthcare centre population aged 21 years and older in Singapore to 12. 1% in a large Korean cohort [1,19,20]. This discrepancy is probably due to the differences in the demographic characteristics and assessment methods used in the different studies. In our study, the overall prevalence of RLS in male assembly workers was 12. 8%. Of course, the fact that our study was conducted with a specific population of factory workers, we cannot generalize the prevalence rate to the general population. Although we found a higher percentage of cigarette smokers among the RLS individuals than in controls, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0. 115). The possible relation between cigarette smoking and increased risk of RLS has also been investigated in previous studies with inconsistent results [21 - 23]. A reliable explanation for such a discrepancy may be due to the different measurement criteria used to determine smoking habits. We did not separate heavier from lighter smokers; thus, quantitative assessment of cigarette smoking may better clarify the above-mentioned relationship, if it exists. Similarly, although we found higher percentages of chronic disorders among RLS individuals than among controls the differences were not statistically significant (see Table 1). The process of assessment of co-morbid illnesses, in our study, was performed through participants' self reports and was not verified with laboratory tests. Thus, there is a possibility that the prevalence of co-morbidity is underestimated in our study and the results do not allow us to infer causality. We found a greater percentage of antihistaminic and antidepressant drug consumption in RLS individuals than in subjects who did not suffer from RLS, as previously noted by others [24]; however, only the difference in antihistamine consumption was statistically significant. We found a statistically significant association between rotational shift work and RLS, especially in the group that included more night shifts (Group C) (see Table 2). The percentage of workers suffering from RLS was about twice as high in rotational shift workers (groups B and C) than in day workers (group A). In an epidemiological survey in central Greece, the percentage of shift workers was higher in RLS individuals than in individuals who did not suffer from RLS, although the difference was not statistically significant [23].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: Calderon LdA, Silva-Jardim I, Zuliani JP, et al. Amazonian biodiversity: a view of drug development for leishmaniasis and malaria. J Soc. 2009;20(6):1011‒1023. Evaluation of the anti-plasmodial activity of bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids from Abuta grandifolia. Planta Med. 1999;65(5):413‒416. Garavito G, Rincón J, Arteaga L, et al. Antimalarial activity of some Colombian medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006;107(3):460‒462. Identification and evaluation of Peruvian plants used to treat malaria and leishmaniasis. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006;106(3):390‒402. de In vitro antiplasmodial activity of plants used as traditional remedies. J Ethnopharmacol. 2007;110(1):165‒170. Tabuti JR. Herbal medicines used in the treatment of malaria in Budiope county, Uganda. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008;116(1):33‒42. . Ethnopharmacological use of herbal remedies for the treatment of malaria in the District of Ghana. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010;129(3):367‒376. . Potential antimalarials from Nigerian plants: a review. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011;133(2):289‒302. Cultural categorization of febrile illnesses in correlation with herbal remedies used for treatment in Southwestern Nigeria. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003;85(2‒3):179‒185. An ethnobotanical study of antimalarial plants in Region. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011;134(1):183‒190. Antiplasmodial and antipyretic screening of Mangifera indica extract. Phytother Res. 1998;12(6):437‒438. In vitro cytotoxicity studies of 20 plants used in Nigerian antimalarial ethnomedicine. Phytomedicine. 2006;13(4):295‒298. . Screening of the Flora of for Bioactives. IJPPR.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Если во время посещения Сайта Пользователь оставляет на нем свои персональные данные (фамилия, имя, отчество, номер телефона, адрес электронной почты и адрес места жительства и/или места пребывания), заполняет бланк заказа, или предоставляет Обществу другие сведения, такие персональные данные могут быть собраны и использованы для предоставления Пользователю продуктов или услуг, выставления счетов за заказанные продукты или услуги, для продажи продуктов и услуг или для об�

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: In another study that investigated the association between shift work and sleep disorders among police officers from Buffalo, (that did not use criteria), the prevalence of RLS was 134 percent higher among women night shift workers than among women workers on other shifts, although the difference was not statistically significant after adjustment for other covariates, and among men there was not any association between night shift work and RLS [25]. In an epidemiological study conducted in five European countries with the aim of documenting the prevalence of RLS and PLMs in the general population and identifying factors associated with these conditions, authors reported that the prevalence of RLS was 5. 5% and the prevalence of PLMs was 3. 9%, while 18. 5% of RLS subjects also had PLMs. Shift or night work was significantly associated with PLMs (OR = 1. 4; 95 percent CI = 1. 06 - 1. 88; P < 0. 05) but not with RLS (OR = 0. 72; 95 percent CI = 0. 50 - 1. 05) [26]. Several lines of evidence implicate a dopaminergic pathology in RLS, the strongest of which comes from the pharmacological response of RLS symptoms to dopaminergic agents and aggravation of its symptoms by dopamine blocking type agents [27 - 29]. Also, it has been reported that higher levels of dopamine and related compounds are found in cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) in the day time than at night time, with a peak in dopamine at 10 a. m. and a peak for homovanillic acid (HVA) at 2 p. m. [30]. Such circadian variation is consistent with the circadian pattern of RLS symptoms aggravation. Hence, the association between rotational shift work and RLS may be mediated by disruption of circadian rhythmicity. The role of oxidative stress in the pathological process underlying Parkinson's disease has been reported in other studies [31,32]. Because of similar features in RLS and Parkinson's disease, such as dopaminergic dysfunction and response to dopaminergic agents, it has been suggested that these two diseases may share a common pathophysiology [33,34]. Since shift work has been shown to induce oxidative stress in the human body [11,35,36], it is possible that oxidative stress mediates the association between rotational shift work and RLS.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: 1993;31(4):255‒258. Antiprotozoal activities of Colombian plants. J Ethnopharmacol. 2001;78(2‒3):193‒200. Oga S, Sertié JA, Brasile AC, et al. Antiinflammatory effect of crude extract from Guarea guidonia. Planta Med. 1981;42(3):310‒312. . Analysis of the from Leaves of Specimens of Guarea guidonia (L. ) Sleumer (Meliaceae). Journal of Research. 2005;17(3):271‒273. . Terpenoids from Guarea guidonia. Phytochemistry. 2002;60(4):333‒338. . 16,17-Seco- and 2,3:16,17-di-Seco-pregnanes from Guarea guidonia. J Soc. 2008;19(6):1073‒1077. LC-ESI-MS determination of quassinoids isobrucein B and neosergeolide in Picrolemma sprucei stem infusions. J Soc. 2009;20(6):1065‒1070. de Andrade- In vitro inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum by substances isolated from Amazonian antimalarial plants. Oswaldo Cruz. 2007;102(3):359‒365. Biological activity of neosergeolide and isobrucein B (and two semi-synthetic derivatives) isolated from the Amazonian medicinal plant Picrolemma sprucei (Simaroubaceae). Oswaldo Cruz. 2009;104(1):48‒56. Struwe L, Albert VA. A monograph of Neotropical potalia aublet (Gentianaceae: Potalieae). Systematic botany. 2004;29(3):670‒701. Duke J, R Vasquez. Dictionary. FL: 1994. Roumy V, Garcia-Pizango G, Gutierrez-Choquevilca AL, et al. Amazonian plants from Peru used by Quechua and Mestizo to treat malaria with evaluation of their activity. J Ethnopharmacol. 2007;112(3):482‒489. Gentry AH. Bignoniaceae, in Flora de Colombia, IdC Naturales.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: �ения в иных целях.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Our results indicate that more work experience is a risk factor for RLS, possibly because of aging, which is a known risk factor for RLS [6,20,37]. To the best of our knowledge, the relationship between work conditions and job tasks with RLS incidence had not been investigated in previous studies. More experience in assembly work and monotonous manual tasks may have a role in the positive correlation observed between work experience and RLS prevalence, although our results do not provide sufficient information to evaluate such a hypothesis. Future studies investigating the association between shift work and RLS will be strengthened by increases in sample sizes, by objective laboratory assessment of possible co-morbidities known as causes of RLS, by assessment of the duration of symptoms, and by the use of a prospective study design. can be concluded that rotational shift work may act as a risk or exacerbating factor for Syndrome, which is known to have adverse effects on patients' work performance and quality of life [38]. Although effective and safe treatments exist for RLS, most cases remain undiagnosed. Therefore, screening of shift workers for RLS in their routine periodic examination may be valuable. Further research is necessary to corroborate the associations observed in this study. Abbreviations RLS: restless legs syndrome; : international restless legs syndrome study group; PLMs: periodic limb movements; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; CSF: cerebro-spinal fluid; HVA: homovanillic acid. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors' contributions ASH helped with the conception and design of the study, helped to collect the data, and helped to draft the manuscript. MF helped with the conception and design of the study, helped to collect the data, participated in the data analysis and interpretation, and helped to draft the manuscript. GHP and MSH helped with the conception and design of the study and helped to draft the manuscript. MR, MH and AF helped with the conception and design of the study and helped in study coordination and the data collection. 10. 1016/j. pneurobio. 2005. 10. 007 Avidan, AY (2006). ed. of Sleep and of Sleep Medicine. 1 Philadelphia: & Wilkins, 119. Ekbom, K (1945). Restless legs: a clinical study Scand 158: 1–123.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: In: Forero E, Betancur J, editors. de Colombia, Bogotá DC, Colombia; 2009. p. 1‒462. . de la Amazonía Peruana. Perú: Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Iquitos, Peru; 1997. Cayón E, Aristizabal S. Etnobotánica Chamí. Cespedesia. 1980;9(33‒34):5‒114. Roig JT. Plantas medicinales de y su folclore. UC Rica, editor. San José, Costa Rica, 1988. p. 103‒104. Ayensu ES. of the West Indies. Algonac, Michigan, USA; 1981. p. 282. Díaz JL. Usos de las plantas medicinales de México. éxico; 1977. p. 345. Morton JF. Atlas of of Middle America: Bahamas to Yucatan. Thomas CC, 1980. p. 1448. Escobar N. Flora Tóxica de Panamá. U. Panamá, Panama. 1972. Figueroa H. Enfermedades de los conquistadores. Ibarra JdP, Antigua, Guatemala. 1983. Guzmán DJ. Especies útiles de la flora Salvadoreña. Md Educación, San Salvador, El Salvador. 1975. Barrett B. of Nicaragua’s Atlantic Coast. Economic Botany. 1994;48(1):8‒20. Agarwal K, Popli S. The constituents of Crescentia cujete leaves. Fitoterapia 1992;63(5):476. of the Popoluca, Mexico: A botanical systematical perspective. Economic Botany. 2003;57(2):218‒230. Isolation of cytotoxic metabolites from targeted peruvian amazonian medicinal plants. J Nat Prod. 2008;71(1):102‒105. . Leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activities of Bolivian medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol. 1994;41(1‒2):19‒37. Menachery MD. 1996. p. 269‒302. Boster JS.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Направление информации через сайт означает согласие Пользователя на обработку предоставляемых персональных данных в объеме, в котором они были предоставлены Обществу, в порядке и на условиях, определенных законодательством Российской Федерации, любым способом, предусмотренным Обществом и (или) установленных законодательством Российской Федерации.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Долгих Elibrary EDN: Полный текст: PDF (Rus) |сгенерировать QR код Аннотация Об авторах Список литературы Аннотация Циркадная система играет важную роль в регуляции функций организма человека. В результате нарушений работы циркадной системы возникают такие функциональные расстройства, как нарушения сна, углеводного обмена, метаболический синдром, переходящий в ожирение, сердечно-сосудистая патология, онкологические процессы.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Ethnobotany is exclusively concerned with the plants used by indigenous tribes. [SEP] Text: Ethnobotany of wild and semi-wild edible and medicinal plants used by Maale and Ari ethnic groups in southern &RCoutput: Thesis › internal (1) and semi-wild plant resources that have food and medicinal importance are distributed at different habitats in Ethiopia and play an important role in the livelihood of different communities. This study discussed ethnobotany of these resources with special emphasis on the use, management and conservation of wild and semi-wild edible and medicinal plants by the two ethnic groups in southern Ethiopia. and Ari ethnic groups consumed in total 30 leafy vegetable species, which were crucial ingredients in the preparation of traditional dishes, more frequently during periods of food shortage. The study revealed that the transfer of local knowledge within the community on wild and semi-wild leafy vegetables is not differentiated by gender or age and thus enables knowledge continuity. However, harvesting and cooking activities are considered as women’s tasks by the communities. The study also found out that taste, marketability and above ground edible biomass as the main farmers’ criteria for selection leafy vegetables for cultivation. Major threats to wild and semi-wild leafy vegetables are identified and recommended that these factors has to be minimized and supported by complementary in-situ and ex situ conservation strategies. The two ethnic groups use 52 species of wild and semi-wild fruits which were especially important for their diet in times of food shortage. The study revealed species such as Balanites rotundifolia and Dobera glabra in Maale and Carissa spinarum and Vitex doniana in Ari as the most important fruit bearing species. No significant variations in ethnobotanical knowledge regarding fruits were found among gender and age groups. The study revealed that low prices, poor market and outlet opportunities hamper wild and semi-wild fruits trade. Thus, creating demand and facilitating better market outlets will encourage communities to cultivate wild and semi-wild fruits in the future. The major threat to the availability of wild and semi-wild fruits in the study area were tree felling and conversion of forest to agricultural land. The study recommended maintenance and enrichment planting of the most important species as plausible management interventions in addition to preserving the local knowledge and implementing conservation strategies. In total 128 plant species were found and also 89 % of the study participants reflected traditional medicine as the first line of treatment. The dominant ways of medicinal plant knowledge acquisition and transfer is vertical.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Целью обработки персональных является оказание Обществом и её партнерами услуг, а так же информирование об оказываемых Обществом и её партнерами услугах и реализуемых продуктах. В случае отзыва согласия на обработку своих персональных данных Общество прекратит их обработку и уничтожит данные в срок, не превышающий трех рабочих дней с даты получения Обществом такого отзыва.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Одной из социально значимых причин нарушения циркадных ритмов является сменный график работы. Цель исследования — изучить генетический статус работников и выявить маркеры предрасположенности к формированию «непереносимости» сменной работы.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Ethnobotany is exclusively concerned with the plants used by indigenous tribes. [SEP] Text: The study revealed that gender and site significantly influenced the number of human medicinal plants known. The fact that knowledge transfer was predominantly to family members and in particular to first-born sons may negatively affect its continuity and may result in knowledge loss if medicinal plant resources become scarce in the landscape in the near future. Marketing of medicinal plants harvested from wild and semi-wild stands is not common. Low income obtained from marketing of medicinal plants and herbal treatments may have strong implications on the future conservation of medicinal plants in the landscape. The study suggested few species such as Solanum dasyphyllum, Indigofera spicata, Plumbago zeylanica, Meyna tetraphylla. and Oxalis for consideration for phytochemical and pharmacological testing to verify their efficacy and determine their dosages. Predominantly harvested plant parts were leaves, which are known to have relatively low impact on medicinal plant resources. However, expansion of agricultural land and lack of cultivation efforts by local communities were the main factors that directly or indirectly affect the availability of medicinal plant resources in the landscape. Therefore, land use planning and development initiatives in the area and beyond need to sharply focus on strategies that could contribute in alleviating the major threats affecting medicinal plant resources in the landscape and encourage their cultivation to enhance their availability and complement ex-and in-situ conservation. Forty six (46) plant species were used for the treatment of livestock diseases by the study communities. The most frequently cited cattle disease was blackleg, for which 21 plant species were found. The study also showed how ethnoveterinary plant knowledge is significantly affected by gender and site. Knowledge on ethnoveterinary plants was predominantly held by males, who cited more plant uses than females. This may affect the future conservation of medicinal plants especially in homegardens, as women play a major role in tending these gardens. The study suggested species such as Lepidium sativum, Allium sativum, Clausena anisata, Croton macrostachyus, Ozoroa insignis, Sida rhombifolia, Centella asiatica, Cissampelos mucronata, Vernonia theophrastifolia and Vernonia amygdalina for future phytochemical studies and pharmacological testing. The study also recommended the association of blackleg disease with the consumption of fresh maize stalks for further research.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Отзыв согласия на обработку персональных данных должен быть осуществлен в письменной форме. Общество может привлечь стороннюю организацию для оказания содействия по предоставлению вам запрошенной информации, продуктов и услуг.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Генотипирование локусов 5 основных циркадных генов позволило установить, что встречаемость минорного аллеля Т гена мелатонинового рецептора MTNR1A (rs34532313) у работников непрерывного производства составляет 30%, что в 5 раз выше, чем у работников с нормированным графиком работы (p<0,05). При этом у работников со сменным графиком наблюдалась значимая гипоэкспрессия сывороточного серотонина (в 1,54 раза, p<0,05) относительно группы сравнения.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Ethnobotany is exclusively concerned with the plants used by indigenous tribes. [SEP] Text: is Open Access? is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. It’s based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. As PhD students, we found it difficult to access the research we needed, so we decided to create a new publisher that levels the playing field for scientists across the world. How? By making research easy to access, and puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers. are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including winners and some of the world’s most-cited researchers. Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn 10. 5772/66658 this 1. Choose citation style Select style to clipboard Get citation 2. Choose citation style Select format Bibtex RIS Download citation IntechIngredients from Aromatic and Edited by Hany El-the from Aromatic and Edited by Hany A. El-purchase hard copies of this book, please contact the representative in India: CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt. Ltd. www. cbspd. com | customercare@cbspd. com 1. Choose citation style Select style to clipboard Get citation 2. Choose citation style Select format Bibtex RIS Download citation Impact of this 1. indigenous tribes in are collectively known as the Orang Asli. Asli consists of 18 subethnic groups or tribes which anthropologists and administrators grouped into the Semang (Negrito), Senoi, and aboriginal Malay (proto-Malay). Documentation on the plant resources, particularly medicinal plants, utilized by the people is still far from complete as most of the villages of the tribes have not been studied. Documentation on traditional uses of medicinal plants is important because it helps to preserve traditional culture of indigenous tribes, provide leads to the discovery medicinal compounds, and find ways to conserve the medicinal plants. The main aims of this paper are to compile information on medicinal plants of the indigenous tribes in based on previous studies and to provide direction for future studies on the medicinal plants of the indigenous tribes. Advertisement 2. List of medicinal plants of the indigenous tribes in Two hundred and thirteen species of plants (Table 1) have been reported as medicinal to the indigenous tribes in Peninsular Malaysia.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: При таких обстоятельствах будут приняты меры с целью обеспечения того, чтобы персональные данные Пользователя хранились в строгом соответствии с политикой сохранения конфиденциальности Общества и использовались только для выполнения запросов Пользователя. Общество не продает и не раскрывает персональные сведения Пользователя третьим сторонам с тем, чтобы они могли продавать свои продукты или услуги Пользователю.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: У работников непрерывного производства установлена повышенная встречаемость минорного аллеля Т гена рецептора мелатонина MTNR1A (rs34532313) с одновременным снижением экспрессии катехоламина серотонина, что в условиях работы по сменам может оказывать влияние на формирование дисрегуляторных нарушений функционирования гомеостатических систем и течения физиологических процессов метаболизма.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Ethnobotany is exclusively concerned with the plants used by indigenous tribes. [SEP] Text: The medicinal plants were based on uses by the tribes Jah Hut, Semai, Semang and Temuan. Information on the plants is compiled from Refs. [1–8]. Leaves and roots are the most common parts that have medicinal uses. Destructive harvest, i. e. , those that involve the removal of barks, roots, or whole plants, is among the most susceptible to overharvest because of destruction of the entire plants [9]. No. SpeciesIndigenous tribe(s) [plant part(s) used]Sources of information1. Abutilon indicum L. Semang [leaves][3]2. Acorus calamus L. Semai [rhizomes][6]3. Acrotrema costatum JackSemang [roots and leaves][7]4. Agelaea macrophylla (Zoll. ) Leenh. Semang [leaves][3]5. Aglaia odorata Lour. Semang [flowers][3]6. Aglaia yzermannii Boerl. & Koord. Semang [leaves][1]7. Albizia myriophylla Benth. [roots][5]8. Aloe barbadensis Mill. [leaves], Temuan [leaves][4, 5]9. Alpinia galanga (L. ) Willd. Temuan [rhizomes][4]10. Alstonia angustiloba (L. ) Miq. [leaves][2]11. Ancistrocladus extensus Wall. ex Planch[roots][5]12. Ancistrocladus tectorius (Lour. ) Merr. Semang [roots][7]13. Annona muricata L. Semang [leaves][3]14. Apama tomentosa Engl. Temuan [roots][4]15. Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk. [stems and leaves], Semai [barks][5, 6]16. Archidendron ellipticum BlumeSemang [leaves][3]17. Archidendron jiringa Niels. Temuan [barks, leaves, and roots][4]18. Ardisia colorata Roxb. Semang [leaves][3]19.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Данные, собираемые автоматически Имя домена и IP адрес Пользователя регистрируются автоматически. Эти данные не являются личными сведениями и не идентифицируют Пользователя как отдельное лицо; они содержат только информацию о компьютере, используемом для просмотра Сайта.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: The presence of natural light from the sun calibrates internal circadian rhythms to the external 24-h light/dark cycle, allowing organisms to prepare for expected changes in the environment. Health problems arise when the internal clock is not synchronized to the outside light/dark cycle. Such misalignments are common in modern society because of the advent of artificial light. Aberrant light schedules such as those due to shift work cause sleep loss, cognitive and psychiatric deficits, and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (Wagge et al. , 2014; Chang et al. , 2015; Scheer et al. , 2009). Approximately 7% of all wage and salary workers work the evening shift (McMenamin, 2007), and 9 out of 10 Americans reported using electronic devices an hour before bed (Gradisar et al. , 2013), indicating that a significant portion of Americans are at risk of developing health problems associated with exposure to aberrant light schedules. The ubiquity of aberrant light schedules and their destructive effects on health compel the public health need to investigate the influence of aberrant light on physiology. It has been widely assumed that aberrant light affects health by first disrupting circadian rhythms and sleep, which are well-known mediators of mood and cognition (Pilcher and Huffcutt, 1996; Emens et al. , 2009). However, we discovered a light cycle that challenges this assumption. Termed T7 (3. 5 h of dark, 3. 5 h of light), this aberrant light cycle presents light at all circadian phases without causing sleep deprivation or circadian arrhythmicity (LeGates et al. , 2012), allowing us to assess the effects of direct light exposure independent of sleep and circadian rhythms. We found that chronic exposure to the T7 cycle caused depression-like behaviors and learning deficits in adult mice (LeGates et al. , 2012), highlighting the direct effects of light on mood and learning function. However, the mechanisms by which the T7 cycle causes mood and learning dysfunction remain poorly understood. Several studies in rodents have implicated adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mood and learning functions. Chronic exposure to stressful conditions that lead to depression-like behavior and learning impairments, such as physical restraint or forced swimming, reduces adult hippocampal neurogenesis (Pham et al. , 2003; Heine et al. , 2004).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Ethnobotany is exclusively concerned with the plants used by indigenous tribes. [SEP] Text: ) DonTemuan [whole plants][4]44. Centella asiatica (Linn. ) UrbanSemang [whole plants], Semang [leaves] Temuan [whole plants][3, 4, 7]45. Champereia manillana (Bl. ) Merr. Semang [roots][7]46. Chassaliachartacea CraibSemang [roots][7]47. Chroesthes longifolia (Wight) Hansen[roots][5]48. Cinnamomum aureofulvum Gamb. [roots][5]49. Cinnamomum iners Reinw. ex BlumeSemang [roots][7]50. Cinnamomum javanicum Bl. Temuan [leaves][4]51. Citrus medica L. [fruits][5]52. Cnestis platantha Griff. Semang [leaves][3]53. Cnestis ramiflora Griff. Semang [roots][7]54. Cocos nucifera L. Temuan [fruits][5]55. Connarus grandis Jack[roots][5]56. Coptosapelta tomentosa (L. ) (Blume) Valeton ex K. Heyne[roots][2]57. Costus speciosus (Koenig. ) SmithSemang [stems], [leaves], Semai [leaves][5–7]58. Crinum asiaticum L. Temuan [leaves][4]59. Croton caudatus GeiselSemang [roots][3]60. Curcuma longa L. Temuan [rhizomes][4]61. Curcuma petiolata Roxb. Semang [rhizomes][3]62. Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. Semang [rhizomes][7]63. Cyclea laxiflora MiersSemai [whole plants][6]64. Cymbopogon citratus (DC. ) Stapf. [leaves][5]65. Cymbopogon nardus (L. ) Rendle[leaves], Temuan [leaves][4, 5]66.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Такие данные используются для того, чтобы установить, в какой точке земного шара используется Сайт, для обеспечения полноты охвата, а также для анализа перехода по ссылкам с целью лучшего понимания особенностей использования Сайта. Общество не устанавливает связь между такими автоматически собираемыми данными и личными сведениями о конкретных людях.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Journal of Circadian RhythmsStart SubmissionBecome a ReviewerReading: Metastasis of Promoted by Disruption due to Light/and its Prevention by in MiceDownloadPDF (US English)XML (US English)Alt. DisplayShareShareResearch 0. 3 % quercetin significantly inhibited distant lymph node metastasis, particularly metastasis to the iliac and kidney lymph nodes. Our results contribute to our understandings of the effects of the external light environment on breast cancer metastasis and provide a glimpse into potential protective effects of dietary quercetin on light/dark disturbance-induced metastasis. Keywords:light/dark shiftcircadian rhythmbreast cancerlymph node metastasisquercetinYear: 2021Page/10. 5334/jcr. 203Submitted on Nov 7, 2020Accepted on Jan 31, 2021Published on Feb 18, 20214. 0 1. mammalian circadian system controls various physiological functions including body temperature, hormone secretion, blood pressure, and sugar metabolism, and is affected by the master clock [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. The master clock synchronizes the rhythm of peripheral clocks to the time of the external environment (i. e. , a 24-hour cycle) through stimulation by the light signal received by the eye [6, 7, 8]. In other words, the light environment surrounding mammals is an important input signal for controlling circadian rhythm. Clock genes controlling biological rhythms interact with each other, and each has its own circadian rhythm [9]. It has been reported that BMAL1, a clock gene, has an antitumor effect on ovarian cancer, colon cancer, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma [10, 11, 12]. Another study showed that PER2 is associated with the development of breast cancer [13]. Night and shift workers are inevitably exposed to light at night. Our group previously reported that nocturnal light exposure disturbed the regular expression rhythms of clock genes such as PER2, BMAL1, and CRY2 [5]. The increase in the incidence and mortality rate of breast cancer in women is a worldwide problem. An epidemiological survey of cancer mortality, morbidity, and survival years, conducted in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015 reported that breast cancer is the most common cancer in women (2. 4 million cases) [14].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Ethnobotany is exclusively concerned with the plants used by indigenous tribes. [SEP] Text: Cyrtandra pendula Bl. [roots][5]67. Daemonorops didymorphyllus Becc. Semang [saps][1, 7]68. Dendrophoetoe constricta Dans. Semang [leaves][3]69. Desmos chinensis Lour. [roots][5]70. Dianella ensifolia Red. Semai [roots][6]71. Dicranopteris linearis (Burm. ) Underw. Semai [leaves][6]72. Dioscorea hispida Dennst. Temuan [tubers][4]73. Dipteracanthus repens (L. ) Hassk. Semang [leaves][3]74. Durio zibethinus MurraySemang [leaves][1, 2, 7]75. Dysoxylum alliaceum (Bl. ) Bl. Semang [roots][7]76. Elephantopus scaber L. Temuan [leaves][4]77. Elephantopus tomentosus L. Temuan [leaves][4]78. Etlingera elatior (Jack) SmithSemang [leaves][7]79. Eleiodoxa conferta (Griff. ) BurretSemang [stems][8]80. Epiprinus malayanus Griff. [roots][5]81. Eranthemum borneense Hook f. Semang [leaves][3]82. Eugenia urceolata King. [roots][5]83. Eupatorium odoratum L. Semang [leaves][3, 7]84. Euphorbia hirta L. [latex][5]85. Euphorbia tirucalli L. Semang [latex][3]86. Eurycoma apiculata Benn. Semai [leaves][6]87. Eurycoma longifolia JackSemang [roots], [roots], Temuan [leaves, roots], Semang [roots][2–5, 7]88. Fibraurea chloroleuca MiersSemang [roots][7]89. Ficus aurantiaca Griff. [stems and roots], Temuan [stems][4, 5]90.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Тем не менее, личные сведения могут быть собраны непреднамеренно при помощи автоматических функций коммерческого программного обеспечения третьей стороны, используемого для обеспечения работы серверов Общества. Если выяснится, что имел место такой сбор сведений, будут приняты разумные меры для удаления этих данных из систем Общества.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Another study conducted a follow-up survey of female nurses for 10 years and revealed that night or shift work was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer [15]. Furthermore, other epidemiological studies also demonstrated that the potential risk of breast cancer increased in women engaged in shift work [16, 17]. Under these circumstances, shift work that results in circadian disruption was categorized as “Group 2A” because it was determined to be probably carcinogenic in the carcinogenic risk assessment by for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 2007. However, the mechanism of increased risk of breast cancer by shift work remains unclear, and there have been few in vivo studies conducted to definitively associate the two factors. It is known that the survival rate of breast cancer patients markedly decreases as tumor stage progresses, particularly regarding the occurrence of metastasis [18]. Cancer cell migration from breast tissue to lymph nodes can be an important process in breast cancer progression. It has been reported that noradrenaline (NA) contributes to the acquisition of breast cancer cell invasiveness and escape pathways of cancer cells [19, 20], although NA is secreted through the activation of the sympathetic nervous system and has a role in the recruitment of lymphocytes to lymph nodes to enhance the body’s defense functions [21]. In our previous studies, it was shown that light exposure during the dark phase activates the stress response pathways and increases secretion of stress hormones adrenaline and NA [5, 22]. Hence, internal desynchronization and stress responses caused by disruption of the light environment may affect breast cancer progression and metastasis. We report here that we investigated the influence of circadian rhythm disruption by light/dark shifts on breast cancer development, especially metastasis, using BALB/c mice transplanted with BJMC3879Luc2 mouse breast cancer cells. We used a light/dark shift cycle pattern that imitated the rotating two-shift work pattern adopted in several types of workplaces, such as production industries, fire departments, and medical institutions [23, 24, 25]. To clearly disrupt the circadian rhythms of the mice, we chose a radical shift pattern: 12:12 light:dark inverted every two days. BJMC3879Luc2 cells are estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells derived from metastatic foci within lymph node and lung, and they show a high metastatic potential to lymph nodes and lung [26].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Ethnobotany is exclusively concerned with the plants used by indigenous tribes. [SEP] Text: Freycinetia javanica Bl. Semang [roots][7]91. Garcinia mangostana L. Semang [fruits][3]92. Garcinia scortechinii King. [roots][4]93. Gnetum leptostachyum BlumeSemang [whole plants][3]94. Gomphandra lanceolata King. Temuan [roots][4]95. Goniothalamus macrophyllus (Bl. ) Miq. [roots], Semai [barks][5, 6]96. Guioa pubescens (Zoll. & Mor. ) Radlk. Semang [roots and leaves][7]97. Gynura procumbens (Lour. ) Merr. Semang [leaves][3]98. Hedyotis capitellata (L. ) Wall. ex G. Don[roots], Semai [roots][2, 5]99. Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg. [stems][5]100. Hedychium longicornutum BakerSemang [roots][7]101. Helminthostachys zeylanica (L. ) Hook. Semang [whole plants], [roots][5, 7]102. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. Temuan [leaves], Semang [roots and barks][3, 4]103. Hibiscus tiliaceus L. Semang [barks][3]104. Hippocratea indica Willd. [roots][5]105Homalanthus populneus (L. ) (Geisel. ) Pax[leaves][2]106. Homalomena griffithii Hk. f. Semai [stems][6]107. Homalomena rostrata Griff. [roots][5]108. Hoya coronaria BlumeSemang [leaves][3]109. Iguanura geonomiformis Mart. Semai [leaves][6]110. Imperata cylindrica (L. ) Beauv. Semang [whole plants][3]111. Jasminum sambac (L. ) Ait. Semang [leaves][3]112.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Чаты, доски объявлений и тематические конференции Если в какой-либо момент времени на настоящем Сайте будет работать какой-либо чат, доска объявлений или форум, тематическая конференция и т. д. , любая информация, которую Пользователь раскроет там, может быть собрана и использована в соответствии с настоящими Общими условиями.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: 3% Q-Sh were calculated by following formula using the frequency of metastasis occurrence in the Control or Shift groups as the baseline data: Inhibition (%) = 1–[(rate of lymph node with metastasis/mouse in 0. 3% Q-Ctrl or Q-Sh group)/(rate of lymph node with metastasis/mouse in Control or Shift group)] × 100. 2. 9. Quantitative RT-was extracted from primary tumor, liver, cardiac atrium and cardiac ventricle using TR(), and then cDNA was synthesized using a RT reagent kit (. , Shiga, Japan). RT-PCR was performed using (Applied Biosystems, Warrington, UK) with specific primers on a StepOne Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems). All specific primer pairs were modeled using web-based software Primer 3 and synthesized at STAR Oligo (Rikaken Co. Ltd. , Nagoya, Japan). For PCR primers for Per2 were 5’--3’ (forward) and 5’--3’ (reverse), the primers for Pai-1 were 5’--3’ (forward) and 5’--3’ (reverse), and the primers for Actb were 5’--3’ (forward) and 5’--3’ (reverse). The relative gene expression levels were calculated using the 2-∆∆Ct method, and normalized against Actb mRNA levels. 2. 10. All data are indicated as mean ± standard error (S. E. M. ). Statistical analyses were performed using Student’s T-tests with Statistics (Japan Co. , Ltd. , Tokyo, Japan). Differences were taken to be significant at P < 0. 05. 3. Results 3. 1. Disturbances in of To investigate whether circadian rhythm was impacted by light/dark shifts, a behavior analysis was performed using nano tag® devices. Under regular lighting conditions, active behavior was confirmed from several hours before the lights-out to during the dark period. Moreover, inactive behavior was observed in the light period. In contrast, mice activity during the dark period decreased due to irregular turn-on and/or -off the lights.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Ethnobotany is exclusively concerned with the plants used by indigenous tribes. [SEP] Text: ) Bl. Temuan [leaves and shoots][4]204. Trichilia trijuga Roxb. Semang [barks][3]205. Urena lobata L. Semai [stems][6]206. Uvaria sorsogonensis C. Presl. Semang [leaves][3]207. Vernonia arborea Buch. -Ham. [roots][5]208. Vernonia cinerea (L. ) Less. [leaves and roots][2]209. Zingiber griffithii BakerSemai [rhizomes][6]210. Zingiber officinale Rosc. Temuan [rhizomes][4]211. Zingiber ottensii ValetonSemang [rhizomes][3]212. Zingiber spectabile Griff. [leaves], Semai [leaves][5, 6]213. Zingiber zerumbet (L. ) Roscoe ex Sm. Semang [latex][7]Table 1. Annotated medicinal plant species list of the indigenous tribes in Peninsular Malaysia. Advertisement 3. Current approaches of research on medicinal plants of indigenous tribes in The most common approach to illicit information on the medicinal plants of the indigenous tribes is through semistructure interviews with traditional medicine practitioners known as batin. Two issues that have not been adequately addressed in previous studies are the veracity of information obtained from such approach and the extent of use or usage of medicinal by the indigenous tribes. The veracity of information on medicinal properties plants utilized by the indigenous tribes in can be verified by laboratory analysis of bioactive compounds extracted from the plants. Several such studies have already been carried on some of the species that are listed in Table 1. et al. [10] had carried out antioxidative activity of extracts from Morinda citrifolia L. and had concluded that active compounds in root of the plant might be both polar and nonpolar in nature, whereas compounds that contribute to antioxidative activity of both its leaf and fruit are probably nonpolar in nature. Salleh et al. [11] studied the chemical compositions and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oils of Piper caninum Blume.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Общество не несет ответственности за использование другими сторонами любой информации, предоставляемой Пользователем указанным сторонам посредством чатов, досок объявлений, тематических конференций и других средств общения данного Сайта.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: The peak behavioral time was no longer clear, and some animals seemed to free-run under the shift condition (Figure 1A and S1). Furthermore, the repeated light/dark shift caused dysregulation of expression of the representative circadian clock gene, Per2 gene in cardiac atrium (Figure 1B), cardiac ventricle (Figure 1C) and liver (Figure 1D), and Pai-1 gene in cardiac atrium (Figure 1E), cardiac ventricle (Figure 1F) and liver (Figure 1G). Figure 1 Circadian locomotor activity profiles, and Per2 and Pai-1 mRNA expression pattern in peripheral tissues. Circadian activities were measured for approximately 4 weeks using a nano tag. Actograms in the left and right panels represent the Control and Shift groups, respectively (n = 4, A). Locomotor activity levels were measured at 5-min intervals and are indicated by black bars. Per2 and Pai-1 expression levels in atria (B and E), ventricle (C and F) and liver (D and G) were analyzed at ZT2, 6, 11, 18, and 23. Values were normalized using Actb mRNA levels. Control gene expression levels at ZT2 were defined at as 1. Data represent mean ± S. E. M. (n = 4). *, P < 0. 05; **, P < 0. 01. Figure 2 Disturbance of the light/dark cycle does not affect tumor growth and decrease survival. Schematic representation of the experimental plan and light/dark conditions (A). Female BALB/c mice were implanted with BJMC3879Luc2 cells in the right fourth mammary fat pad and then maintained under each light/dark cycle condition for 3 to 8 weeks. The lighting conditions of each group were set as follows: Control group, 12:12 h light/dark cycle (lights on at 8:00; ZT0); Shift group, light on ZT0 for 2 days and then conversely on the following 2 days. The star mark (★) indicates the timing of body weight and tumor volume measurement (between ZT7 and ZT8). Mice were killed between ZT7 and ZT8 at 3, 5, or 8 weeks after tumor cell inoculation. Effect of light/dark shifts on body weight (B), tumor volume (C), tumor mass (D), and survival (E).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Ethnobotany is exclusively concerned with the plants used by indigenous tribes. [SEP] Text: Safrole, β-caryophyllene, β-pinene, and germacrene D were the main components from the leave and stem oil of the plant. They noted that the highest activity was observed for inhibition of lipid peroxidation in the β-carotene/linoleic acid system by the stem oil and the essential oil showed strong antimicrobial activity. Ang et al. [12] studied that aphrodisiac property of Eurycoma longifolia Jack has been studied by examining the effects of E. longifolia Jack on sexual qualities in middle-aged male rats. They demonstrated that E. longifolia Jack enhanced the sexual qualities of the middle-aged male rats. Bhat and Karim [13] reviewed the ethnobotany and pharmacological importance and E. longifolia Jack and noted that the plant possesses adequate therapeutic potential and could be explored further for commercial purposes and could be designated as a “wonder drug plant. ” Information on usages of medicinal plants by the indigenous tribes was very limited in previous reports, thus making the assessment of this aspect of traditional culture practice difficult. Persistent usage of the medicinal plants by the tribes is important to ensure that the knowledge on the medicinal uses of plants is conserved and subsequently should contribute to the conservation of the plants. This is of concern because as modernization moves toward the doorstep of the indigenous tribes, knowledge and usage of biodiversity decrease and eventually become adulterated or lost to humanity [4]. Advertisement 4. Future studies on medicinal plants of indigenous tribes in Future studies on medicinal plants should be extended to more villages of the indigenous tribes in Peninsular Malaysia. The studies should include aspects that have not been adequately addressed in the previous studies. Other aspects that can be included in future studies are the use of geographical information system to analyze the spatial trend on medicinal plants of the indigenous tribes and also the development of automated identification system for medicinal plant species. Geographic information systems (GIS) have not been used in any studies on the medicinal plants in Peninsular Malaysia, although the use of GIS for conserving medicinal and herbal plants elsewhere has been reported [14–17]. GIS application together with remote sensing data could be used for comprehensive vegetation mapping and analysis of data attained from ground surveys.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Безопасность Общество реализует политики, правила и принимает технические меры безопасности для защиты личных сведений, находящихся под контролем Общества, в полном соответствии с законодательством по обеспечению конфиденциальности и защите данных, которое относится к юрисдикции, применимой к Сайту.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Data represent mean ± S. E. M. (n = 10–30). 3. 2. Light/investigate the effect of irregular light/dark cycles on breast cancer metastasis, BJMC3879Luc2-bearing mice were kept for 3, 5, or 8 weeks under the conditions shown in Figure 2A, and metastases to tissues were evaluated. No difference in body weight (Figure 2B), tumor volume (Figure 2C), or tumor weight (Figure 2D) was observed between normal light conditions and shift conditions. However, in the shift group, the survival rate began to decrease after about 5 weeks of tumor-bearing (Figure 2E). In addition, 8 weeks after inoculation, several mice in the shift group had symptoms of crouching, irregular respiration, and piloerection (data not shown). At the terminal sacrifice, cancer cell migration was captured using luciferase activity as a reporter and revealed that luminescence intensity tended to increase in the lung tissue and axillary lymph nodes of the shift group (Figure 3). Figure 3 Bioluminescent imaging of metastatic lesion areas of mice housed under normal or light/dark cycle shift conditions. Representative bioluminescent images of metastatic lesions obtained at 8 weeks after inoculation (A). Bioluminescent images were obtained 7 min after intraperitoneal administration of luciferin to mice. Quantification of bioluminescent intensities in each tissue taken from mice (B). Regions of interest (ROI) from displayed images were identified in the primary tumor, lung, kidney lymph node, and axillary lymph node, and quantified as photons per second. Data represent mean ± S. E. M. (n = 13–15). Necropsy of the major lymph nodes (i. e. , axillary, brachial, mediastinal, renal, iliac, inguinal, and popliteal) revealed markedly increased lymph node metastasis per mouse in the shift group (Figure 4A). In addition, metastasis in the right inguinal lymph node was observed in all mice (Figure 4B). However, the incidence of cancer metastasis in the right brachial lymph node was significantly higher in the shift group (Figure 4B).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Ethnobotany is exclusively concerned with the plants used by indigenous tribes. [SEP] Text: In terms of mapping medicinal plants, remote sensing data can be useful to obtain information on land usage or coverage, vegetation, terrain attributes, distribution, and accessibility to area. Besides this, GIS could be used to produce map layers and to develop comprehensive databases on physical, biological, and environmental parameters which govern the spatial distribution and abundance of medicinal plants. Serious consideration should be given to the use of machine learning for rapid identification of medicinal plants, especially those utilized by the indigenous tribes in Peninsular Malaysia. As medicinal plants utilized by most of the indigenous tribes have not been studied, these techniques will facilitate urgent documentation of the plants which are needed for their conservation. Machine learning methods such as artificial neural networks (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM) have been used to develop automated plant species identification despite the claims that leaf morphology is not a reliable indicator in identifying tree species. ANN is a mathematical model composed of many processing units that communicate by interconnected variables. It is trained using data for which the classes are known, followed by being used for class prediction of unidentified data. Multilayer structure of ANN enables learning from complex input image features and generates single output. Support vector machine (SVM) is a supervised learning method proposed by Cortes and Vapnik [18], generating hyperplanes for classification, based on statistical learning theory and structural risk minimization. The boundary of hyperplanes separates the sample data mapped in space, clearly dividing them into categories. New data will be predicted to belong to a category by the hyperplanes. Studies conducted by Clark et al. [19] applied ANN to extract features from species of the genus Tilia and achieved 44% accuracy rate. Kumar et al. [20] developed a “Leafsnap,” a computerized system that searches on database for species matching and retrieval. Hearn [21] used a combination of Fourier analysis and Procrustes analysis (a simple shape registration method, based on rotation, translation, and scaling) to perform species identification using a large database of 2420 leaves from 151 different species. Advertisement 5. hundred and thirteen species of plants have been reported as medicinal to the indigenous tribes in Peninsular Malaysia. Leaves and roots are the two most common medicinal plant parts used by the indigenous tribes in Peninsular Malaysia. Medicinal use of roots requires destructive harvesting which may lead to overharvesting of the plant species.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Разработаны меры безопасности по предотвращению доступа, ненадлежащего использования или раскрытия, изменения, незаконного уничтожения или случайной потери данных. Дети Настоящий Сайт не предназначен для детей и не ориентирован на них. Общество преднамеренно не собирает сведения, поступающие от детей.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Furthermore, metastasis in the left brachial and inguinal lymph nodes, lymph nodes located distal to the implantation site, were significantly increased by light/dark shifts (Figure 4B). These results suggested that disturbances in the light/dark cycle may promote distant metastasis of breast cancer. Figure 4 Frequency of metastasis in lymph nodes. Number of lymph node metastasis in each group (A) and frequency of metastasis in distant lymph nodes (B). Data represent mean ± S. E. M. (n = 18). *, P < 0. 05; **, P < 0. 01; ***, P < 0. 001. 3. 3. Light/influence of light/dark shifts on the immune system, especially total WBC count and NLR, were analyzed. There was no effect of light/dark shifts on total WBC counts in both groups (Figure 5A). However, a decrease in the lymphocyte ratio and an increase in the neutrophil ratio at 5 weeks after cancer cell transplantation were confirmed in the Shift group, and the NLR was significantly higher in the Shift group than in the Control group (1. 64-fold, Figure 5B). Figure 5 Total white blood cells (WBCs) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Total WBCs were measured at 5- or 8-weeks post-inoculation (A). NLR was calculated from the neutrophil and lymphocyte percentage of WBCs at 5- or 8-weeks post-inoculation (B). Data represent mean ± S. E. M. (n = 6). *, P < 0. 05. 3. 4. NA Content in Intratumoral NA concentration tended to increase in the Shift group after 5 weeks of inoculation, but the NA concentrations in both groups were not significantly different after 8 weeks of inoculation (Figure 6). Figure 6 Change in tumor NA levels. Intratumoral NA concentration was measured at 5- or 8-weeks post-inoculation. Data represent mean ± S. E. M. (n = 5–10). 3. 5. Effect of Quercetin on in investigate the anti-metastatic effect of quercetin on breast cancer cells, a 0.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Ethnobotany is exclusively concerned with the plants used by indigenous tribes. [SEP] Text: Future studies on medicinal plants of the indigenous tribes in should extend to more tribes as information that is available up to now is only to the Jah Hut, Semai, Semang, and Temuan tribes. Aspects of the medicinal plants of the indigenous tribes have been overlooked in previous studies; such veracity of information and usage need to be emphasized in future studies. To facilitate spatial analysis and identification of the medicinal plants, geographical information system and machine learning techniques can also be employed in future studies. Advertisement 1. Burkill IH. A Dictionary of the of the Malay Peninsula. 4th edition. Dept. of Agriculture, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2002. 2. Lin KW. of Used by the Jah-in Malaysia. of Medical Sciences. 2005; 59(4): 156–158. 3. of by the in Kampung Bawong, Perak, West Malaysia. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 2010; 6:. by the in Kampung Tering, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Ethno Medicine. 2011; 5(3): 169–173. 5. . Used by the at Penderas, Pahang, Malaysia. Ethno Medicine. 2012; 6(1): 11–15. 6. . and Usage of among the Asli at 16, Tapah, Perak, Malaysia. Ethno Medicine. 2012; 6(3): 207–211. 7. . by the of Legong, Kedah, Malaysia. Ethno Medicine. 2012; 6(3): 149–153. 8. Lim TK. and Non-Medicinal Plants. , Fruits. . 2012; 398. 9. . Impact of Cultivation and Gathering of on Biodiversity: and Issue. Paper published in Biodiversity and the in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in Rome, October 12–13. 2002. 10. Z, Abdul-Hamid A, Osman A. of Extracts from Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L. ) Root, Fruit and Leaf. Food Chemistry. 2002; 78: 227–231. 11. . Chemical Compositions, Antioxidant and of of Piper caninum Blume. of Molecular Sciences. 2011; 12: 7720–7731. DOI: 10. 3390/ijms1211772012. .

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Однако программное обеспечение, используемое для поддержания работы настоящего Сайта, автоматически не отличает посетителей моложе 18 лет от остальных пользователей, поэтому Общество требует, чтобы лица моложе 18 лет получили согласие родителя, опекуна, учителя или библиотекаря на просмотр настоящего Сайта.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: 3% quercetin diet was given to tumor-bearing mice for 8 weeks under the same conditions as described previously (Figure 2A). There were no differences in food intake or body weight changes in each group (Figure 7A and 7B). There was also no effect of quercetin intake on tumor volume and tumor weight (Figure 7C and 7D). Regarding lymph node metastasis, metastasis to various lymph nodes was suppressed in the 0. 3%Q-Ctrl and 0. 3%Q-Sh groups. In particular, it was observed that metastasis to the kidney lymph nodes and iliac lymph nodes was strongly suppressed (Figure 7E). Figure 7 Effect of 0. 3% quercetin diet on the lymph node metastasis. All animals were given normal MF diet or 0. 3% quercetin-containing MF diet over the experimental period. Food intake (A), body weight (B), and tumor volume (C) were measured once a week (n = 6–10). Tumor weight was measured at the final necropsy (D, n = 6–10). Data represent mean ± S. E. M. The lymph node metastasis inhibition rates in 0. 3% Q-Ctrl and 0. 3% Q-Sh were calculated using the frequency of metastasis occurrence in the Control or Shift groups as the baseline data (E, n = 6–10). *, P < 0. 05 vs. control; †, P < 0. 05 vs. shift. 4. cancer is the most frequent cancer type in women worldwide. Many previous epidemiological studies reported that shift and night workers are at a higher risk of breast cancer than day shift workers [16, 36]. These reports suggest that circadian disruption of biological functions due to deviations from the natural day/night cycle may affect breast cancer development. In this study, the effect of circadian rhythm disruption by light/dark shifts on metastasis of breast cancer was investigated using BALB/c mice transplanted with BJMC3879Luc2 mouse breast cancer cells. A radical shift pattern (12:12 light:dark cycle with inverting every two days) that imitated the rotating two-shift work was chosen to disrupt the circadian rhythms of the mice. The 12-hour rotating shift cycle caused clear circadian disruption and a free-running behavioral rhythm was observed (Figure 1A and Figure S1).

Output: corroborate