Input: Claim: Vertical forests alone will solve all urban pollution problems. [SEP] Text: Methylnaltrexone marketed under the name Relistor provides peripherally-acting-opioid antagonism that has the ability to reverse constipation in patients using opioid-agonists without affecting analgesia or even precipitating withdrawals. A permanently charged tetravalent nitrogen atom in its design prevents the crossing of the blood–brain barrier. This predominant antagonist effects counteracts troubling opioid-induced side effects such as itching and constipation, all while not minimizing opioid effects in the brain responsible for analgesia. is marketed as a prescription medication indicated for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in patients with advanced illness who are receiving palliative care, when response to laxative therapy has not been sufficient. Use of beyond four months has not been studied. The usual dose schedule for is once every other day, as needed, but no more than once in a 24-hour period [5]. It has been suggested that naloxone, when given orally, has negligible bioavailability but may actually counteract opioid-induced constipation by blocking the action of opioid medications locally in the gut. Because of a sophisticated understanding of pharmacokinetic properties, naloxone activity in the gastrointestinal tract presumably occurs before almost complete metabolism by the liver to the medications necessary reduction to negligible drug activity in the System (CNS) where opioid (pain) receptors are located. Central effects of the oral naloxone are minimized by utilizing sparse doses that benefit colon transit time and minimize complications that would impair analgesia. Utilizing this research, a new modified-release combination product containing the strong opioid oxycodone plus the opioid antagonist naloxone is being researched for the treatment of “severe pain, which can be adequately managed only with opioid analgesics”. It is believed that this combination has unique characteristics that “naloxone is added to counteract opioid-induced constipation by blocking the action of oxycodone at opioid receptors locally in the gut”. If research proves claims of “superior GI [gastrointestinal] tolerability compared to previous treatment in a clinical practice study” to be accurate, it will be just a matter of time before more and diverse opioids will be reformulated with a combined agonist/antagonist formula [4].

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: Mean number of fibroblastsI (standard), II (negative control), III (treatment)*p<0. 05 statistically analysis by ANOVA showed significant difference. Figure 3. Mean number of epidermal thickness. I (standard), II (negative control), III (treatment). *p<0. 05 statistically analysis by ANOVA showed significant difference. Figure 4. There was a change in epidermal thickness on days 3, 14 and 21. The thickest epidermal layer was found in group III (treatment, aloe vera) compared to group II (negative control). This could be due to the fact that aloe vera gel was better in the wound repair process than the other groups. The thickness of the epidermis in groups II and III was also thicker than in the control group. This can happen because there is still a wound repair process in groups II and III. Figure 5. The histopathological description of macrophages () fibroblast () and epidermal thickness (). On the 3rd day after injury, the highest mean number of macrophages were seen in the treatment group (III), followed by the negative control group (II), and followed by the standard group (I). From the post hoc test results, it appeared that there were significant differences in the mean number of macrophages (p<0. 05) in groups I-3 vs II-3 (0. 50 ± 0. 45 vs 7. 77 ± 0. 62; p=0. 0001), group I-3 vs III-3 (0. 50 ± 0. 45 vs 9. 00 ± 0. 47; p=0. 0001), and group II-3 vs III-3 (7. 77 ± 0. 62 vs 9. 00 ± 0. 47; p=0. 001) (see Figure 1). On the 14th day after injury, the highest mean number of macrophages were seen in the negative control group (II), followed by the treatment group (III), and followed by the standard group (I). From the post hoc test results, it appeared that there were significant differences in the mean number of macrophages (p<0. 05) in groups I-14 vs II-14 (0. 61 ± 0. 39 vs 6. 22 ± 0. 98; p=0. 0001), group I-14 vs. III-14 (0.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Researchers are exploring how to scale microbial fuel cells for broader commercial use. [SEP] Text: Description Microalgae–of the environment associated with increased population along with energy consumption and the projected reduction of fossil fuels highlights the necessities for sustainable, cost-effective eco-friendly bio-energy sources. The latest research on microalgae revealed that algal biomass has promising technologies for biofuel production, high-value product development, carbon sequestration and wastewater treatment. However, the latest application of microalgal biomass is its use as microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Microalgae-based microbial fuel cells (mMFCs) are used as a device that can convert energy from sunlight into electrical energy through biological pathways. This 10. 21741/9781644900116-1 Part of the book on Cells 385. [2] S. B. Ummalyma, E. Gnansounou, R. K. Sukumaran, R. Sindhu, A. Pandey, D. Sahoo, Bioflocculation: An alternative strategy for harvesting of microalgae-An Overview, Bioresour. Technol. 242 (2017) 227-235. [3] S. B. Ummalyma, R. K. Sukumaran, Cultivation of the fresh water microalga Chlorococcum sp. RAP13 in sea water for producing oil suitable for biodiesel, J. Appl. Phycol. 27 (2015) 141–147. [4] S. B Ummalyma, R. K Sukumaran, Cultivation of microalgae in dairy effluent for oil production and removal of organic pollution load, Bioresour. Technol. 165 (2014) 295-301. [5] A. Bahadar, M. B. Khan, Progress in energy from microalgae: A review, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 27 (2013) 128-148. [6] C. Y Chen, K. L. Yeh, R. photobioreactor design and harvesting of microalgae for biodiesel production: a critical review, Bioresour. Technol. 102 (2011) 71-81. [7] J. H. Lin, D. in specific marigold flowers and microalgae, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng. 49 (2015) 90–94. [8]. Show, Algal biomass dehydration, Bioresour.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Vertical forests are completely safe in all weather conditions without additional support. [SEP] Text: 2 Operators in offshore areas shall not operate in sea conditions that exceed a wave height of 4 ft, unless wave height and period are in accordance with the following calculation: 3 s of period for every 1 ft of wave height (for example, 4 ft = 12 s, 5 ft = 15 s, etc. ). Wind speed and payload shall also be taken into consideration at all times of operation. The best evidence of wind and wave conditions within the flying area shall be determined by the vessel Master and may differ from a weather service report. 3. 5 In no case shall parasail operations be conducted in weather conditions that exceed the manufacturer's specified limitations of the equipment being used. Scope 1. 1 This guide covers monitoring weather conditions for safer parasail operation. 1. 2 This guide details parasail operators having weather-monitoring devices and keeping a weather log on board their vessels. 1. 3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1. 4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. unavailable unavailable What is a Redline? Why Redline? × A PDF redline is a quick and easy way to compare all of the changes between the current, active standard and the previous version. With a redline you'll immediately see: additions deletions and other changes between the two standards. and Trouble! With a Redline you no longer have to spend time trying to determine what has changed in the new standard! Redlines save you time and ensure you see what the changes are to the standard. you select the "Standard + Redline" option you get both documents! Best of all, the cost of a Standard + Redline is only slightly more than buying the by itself. Soon! and Handling × Domestic orders are delivered via Service (UPS) or (USPS). Transit times average 3 to 5 business days. Please be aware that UPS will not deliver packages to Boxes. . orders are delivered via courier post services which can be either a postal service, courier service, or a combination of both. is untraceable. Please allow 4-7 weeks for delivery. .

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: 61 ± 0. 39 vs. 5. 33 ± 0. 42; p=0. 0001), and group II-14 vs. III-14 (6. 22 ± 0. 98 vs 5. 33 ± 0. 42; p=0. 013) (see Figure 1). On day 21st day after injury, the highest mean number of macrophages were seen in the negative control group (II), followed by the treatment group (III), and followed by the standard group (I). From the post hoc test results, it appeared that there were significant differences in the mean number of macrophages (p<0. 05) in groups I-21 vs II-21 (0. 55 ± 0. 40 vs 4. 72 ± 0. 87; p=0. 0001), group I-21 vs III-21 (0. 55 ± 0. 40 vs 3. 16 ± 0. 34; p=0. 0001), and group II-14 vs III-14 (6. 22 ± 0. 98 vs 3. 16 ± 0. 34; p=0. 0001) (see Figure 1). On the 3rd day after injury, the highest mean number of fibroblasts were seen in the treatment group (III), followed by the negative control group (II), and followed by the standard group (I). From the post hoc test results, it appeared that there were significant differences in the mean number of fibroblasts (p<0. 05) in groups I-3 vs II-3 (3. 77 ± 0. 34 vs. 4. 61 ± 0. 49; p=0. 047), group I-3 vs III-3 (3. 77 ± 0. 34 vs 6. 44 ± 0. 74; p=0. 0001), and group II-3 vs III-3 (4. 61 ± 0. 49 vs 6. 44 ± 0. 74; p=0. 0001) (see Figure 2). On the 14th day after injury, the highest mean number of fibroblasts were seen in the treatment group (III), followed by the negative control group (II), and followed by the standard group (I). From the post hoc test results, it appeared that there were significant differences in the mean number of fibroblasts (p<0. 05) in groups I-14 vs II-14 (3. 94 ± 0. 38 vs 8.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Researchers are exploring how to scale microbial fuel cells for broader commercial use. [SEP] Text: [34] conversion of microalgal biomass to sustainable energy carriers-a review, Bioresour. Technol. 135 (2013) 222–231. [35] and voltage responses in instant photosynthetic microbial cells with Spirulina platensis, Biochem. Eng. J. 52 (2010) 175–180. [36] N. Rashid, Y. F. Cui, M. Rehman, J. I. Han, Enhanced electricity generation by using algae biomass and activated sludge in microbial fuel cell, Sci. Total Environ. 456 (2013) 91–104. [37] S. Mateo, A. Gonzalez del Campo, P. Ca-izares, J. generation in a self-sustainable microbial solar cell, Bioresour. Technol. 159 (2014) 451–454. [38] G. R. Ramanathan, S. Birthous, D. Abirami, Efficacy of marine microalgae as exoelectroge in microbial fuel cell system for bio-electricity generation, J. Fish Mar. Sci. 3 (2011) 79–87. \ [39] C. Xu, K. Poon, M. M. Choi, R. Wang, Using live algae at the anode of a microbial fuel cell to generate electricity, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 22 (2015) 15621–15635. [40] V. G. Gude,B. Kokabian, V. Gadhamshetty, Beneficial bioelectrochemical systems for energy, water, and biomass production. J. Microb. Biochem. Technol. 6 (2013) 2-14. [41] M. Shukla, S. Kumar, Algal growth in photosynthetic algal microbial fuel cell and its subsequent utilization for biofuels, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 82 (2018) 402–414. [42] L. Huang, J. M. Regan, X. Quan, Electron transfer mechanisms, new applications, andperformance of biocathode microbial fuel cells, Bioresour. Technol. 102 (2011) 316–323. [43] V. Sharma, P. P.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: This technology is useful in medical implants that degrade after use to avoid surgical removal. [SEP] Text: and the are responsible for obtaining at their expense suitable Internet connections, Web browsers, and licenses for any software necessary to view the ASTM Products. B. are also available in (PDF) format to Licensee and its Authorized Users, who are solely responsible for installing and configuring the appropriate Reader software. C. ASTM shall use reasonable efforts to make online access available on a continuous basis. Availability will be subject to periodic interruption and downtime for server maintenance, software installation or testing, loading new files, and reasons beyond the control of ASTM. ASTM does not guarantee access, and will not be liable for damages or refunds if the Product becomes unavailable temporarily, or if access becomes slow or incomplete due to system back-up procedures, Internet traffic volume, upgrades, overload of requests to servers, general network failures or delays, or any other cause that may from time to time make the Product unavailable for the Licensee or Licensee's Authorized Users. 7. Terms and Fees. A. The term of this Agreement is _____________ ("Subscription Period"). Access to the Product is for the only. will remain in effect thereafter for successive so long as annual subscription fees, as such may change from time to time, are paid. Licensee and/or ASTM have the right to terminate this Agreement at the end of a by written notice given at least 30 days in advance. B. Fees: 8. Verification. ASTM has the right to verify compliance with this Agreement, at its expense, and at any time during the course of normal business hours. To do so, ASTM will engage an independent consultant, subject to a confidentiality agreement, to review Licensee's use of ASTM Product and/or Documents. Licensee agrees to permit access to its information and computer systems for this purpose. Verification will take place upon no less than 15 days notice, during normal business hours and in a manner that does not interfere unreasonably with Licensee's operations. If verification reveals unlicensed or prohibited use of the ASTM Products or Documents, Licensee agrees to reimburse ASTM for the costs incurred in verification and reimburse ASTM for any unlicensed/prohibited uses. By invoking this procedure, ASTM does not waive any of its rights to enforce this Agreement or to protect its intellectual property by any other means permitted by law.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: 11 ± 0. 68; p=0. 0001), group I-14 vs III-14 (3. 94 ± 0. 38 vs 21. 55 ± 1. 02; p=0. 0001), and group II-14 vs III-14 (8. 11 ± 0. 68 vs 21. 55 ± 1. 02; p=0. 0001) (see Figure 2). On the 21st day after injury, the highest mean number of fibroblasts were seen in the negative control group (II), followed by the treatment group (III), and followed by the standard group (I). From the post hoc test results, it appeared that there were significant differences in the mean number of fibroblasts (p<0. 05) in groups I-21 vs II-21 (3. 72 ± 0. 38 vs 9. 05 ± 0. 80; p=0. 0001), group I-21 vs III-21 (3. 72 ± 0. 38 vs 6. 66 ± 1. 05; p=0. 0001), and group II-21 vs III-21 (9. 05 ± 0. 80 vs 6. 66 ± 1. 05; p=0. 0001) (see Figure 2). On the 3rd day after injury, the mean epidermal thickness was highest in the standard group (I), followed by the treatment group (III), and followed by the negative control group (II). From the post hoc test results, it appeared that there were significant differences in the mean epidermal thickness (p<0. 05) in groups I-3 vs II-3 (5. 88 ± 0. 76 vs 2. 43 ± 0. 45; p=0. 0001), group II-3 vs III-3 (2. 43 ± 0. 45 vs 5. 15 ± 0. 36; p=0. 0001), while group I-3 vs. III-3 (5. 88 ± 0. 76 vs 5. 15 ± 0. 36; p=0. 182) did not show a significant result (see Figure 3). On the 14th day after injury, the mean epidermal thickness was highest in the treatment group (III), followed by the negative control group (II), and followed by the standard group (I). From the post hoc test results, it appeared that there were significant differences in the mean epidermal thickness (p<0.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Researchers are exploring how to scale microbial fuel cells for broader commercial use. [SEP] Text: V. M. Hamelers, K. Rabaey, J. Keller, C. J. N. Buisman, Towards practical implementation of bioelectrochemical wastewater treatment, Trends Biotechnol. 26 (2008) 450–459. [97] M. Rahimnejad, G. D. Najafpour, A. Ghoreyshi, F. Talebnia, G. Premie, G. H. Bakeri, Thionine increases electricity generation from microbial fuel cells using, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and exoelectrogenic mixed culture, J. Microbiol. 50 (2012) 575–580. [98] G. H. Flores, H. . Rios-Leal, J. G. Mayer, Batch operation of a microbial fuel cell equipped with alternative proton exchange membrane, Int. J. Hydrog. Energ. 40 (2016) 17323–17331. [99] S. Peighambardoust, S. Rowshanzamir, M. Amjadi, Review of proron exchange membranes for fuel cell applications, Int. J. Hydrog. Energ. 35 (2010) 9349–9384. [100] S. V. Mohan, G. Velvizhi, J. A. Modestra, S. Srikanth, Microbial fuel cell: Critial factors regulating biocatalysed electrochemical process and recent advancements, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 40 (2014) 779–797.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: This technology is useful in medical implants that degrade after use to avoid surgical removal. [SEP] Text: Availability will be subject to periodic interruption and downtime for server maintenance, software installation or testing, loading new files, and reasons beyond the control of ASTM. ASTM does not guarantee access, and will not be liable for damages or refunds if the Product becomes unavailable temporarily, or if access becomes slow or incomplete due to system back-up procedures, Internet traffic volume, upgrades, overload of requests to servers, general network failures or delays, or any other cause that may from time to time make the Product unavailable for the Licensee or Licensee's Authorized Users. 7. Terms and Fees. A. The term of this Agreement is _____________ ("Subscription Period"). Access to the Product is for the only. will remain in effect thereafter for successive so long as annual subscription fees, as such may change from time to time, are paid. Licensee and/or ASTM have the right to terminate this Agreement at the end of a by written notice given at least 30 days in advance. B. Fees: 8. Verification. ASTM has the right to verify compliance with this Agreement, at its expense, and at any time during the course of normal business hours. To do so, ASTM will engage an independent consultant, subject to a confidentiality agreement, to review Licensee's use of ASTM Product and/or Documents. Licensee agrees to permit access to its information and computer systems for this purpose. Verification will take place upon no less than 15 days notice, during normal business hours and in a manner that does not interfere unreasonably with Licensee's operations. If verification reveals unlicensed or prohibited use of the ASTM Products or Documents, Licensee agrees to reimburse ASTM for the costs incurred in verification and reimburse ASTM for any unlicensed/prohibited uses. By invoking this procedure, ASTM does not waive any of its rights to enforce this Agreement or to protect its intellectual property by any other means permitted by law. Licensee acknowledges and agrees that ASTM may imbed certain identifying or tracking information in the ASTM Products available on the Portal. 9. Passwords:Licensee must immediately notify ASTM of any known or suspected unauthorized use(s) of its password(s), or any known or suspected breach of security, including the loss, theft unauthorized disclosure of such password or any unauthorized access to or use of the ASTM Product.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: 05) in groups I-14 vs II-14 (6. 01 ± 0. 54 vs 11. 46 ± 0. 92; p=0. 0001), group I-14 vs III-14 (6. 01 ± 0. 54 vs 16. 75 ± 1. 31; p=0. 0001), and group II-14 vs III-14 (11. 46 ± 0. 92 vs 16. 75 ± 1. 31; p=0. 0001) (see Figure 3). On the 21st day after injury, the mean epidermal thickness was highest in the treatment group (III), followed by the negative control group (II), and followed by the standard group (I). From the post hoc test results, it appeared that there were significant differences in the mean epidermal thickness (p<0. 05) in groups I-21 vs II-21 (5. 92 ± 0. 68 vs 23. 10 ± 1. 37; p=0. 0001), group I-21 vs III-21 (5. 92 ± 0. 68 vs 30. 47 ± 1. 25; p=0. 0001), and group II-21 vs III-21 (23. 10 ± 1. 37 vs 30. 47 ± 1. 25; p=0. 0001) (see Figure 3). 1 showed in group - III (treatment) wound repair was better than without aloe vera administration (group - II, negative control). In group - II,on day 14, the area of the wound still did not seem to shrink compared to group - III, on day 14. Meanwhile, on day 21, it was seen in group - III that hair had started to grow and the wound had dried up (Table 1). Table 1. Pictures in Table 1 shows the healing process of burns on day-3,-14 and -21. GroupsDay-3Day-14Day-21Group-IGroup-IIGroup-III Group I: Standard group, which were normal rats. Group II: Negative control group, which were given second-degree burns and treated with gel base (without Aloe vera extract). Group III: Treatment groups, which were given second-degree burns and treated with Aloe vera extract gel.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Researchers are exploring how to scale microbial fuel cells for broader commercial use. [SEP] Text: is Open Access? is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. It’s based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. As PhD students, we found it difficult to access the research we needed, so we decided to create a new publisher that levels the playing field for scientists across the world. How? By making research easy to access, and puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers. are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including winners and some of the world’s most-cited researchers. Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn 10. 5772/58373 this 1. Choose citation style Select style to clipboard Get citation 2. Choose citation style Select format Bibtex RIS Download citation Intechand Application of by Chin-From the Technology and Application of by Chin-purchase hard copies of this book, please contact the representative in India: CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt. Ltd. www. cbspd. com | customercare@cbspd. com 1. Choose citation style Select style to clipboard Get citation 2. Choose citation style Select format Bibtex RIS Download citation Impact of this 1. IntroductionMicrobial fuel cells (MFC) are regarded as special bio-electrochemical systems which seem to have a high potential in the future technology for energy production in the section of renewable green energy sources [1-5]. A classical MFC in general [4-8] consist of an anodic and cathodic chamber divided by a proton (cation) selective membrane (Figure 1). Microbes in the anodic cell – mostly attached to the electrode surface forming a biofilm – oxidize the substrates and generate electrons and protons in the process. Then electrons are transported from the anode to the cathode through an external circuit (wire) resulting measurable electric current. Meanwhile protons are passing through the membrane and enter the cathode cell where they combine with oxygen to form water. Figure 1. The scheme of a two-chamber microbial fuel cellMFC-s can be operated by either monoculture (e. g.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: This technology is useful in medical implants that degrade after use to avoid surgical removal. [SEP] Text: 27 invasive surgical repair of pectus excavatum using pectus bars is a widely accepted technique. Pectus bar removal is the final stage of this procedure (1). The important questions to be answered regarding bar removal include the appropriate duration of bar maintenance, techniques for removal, and strategies to avoid complications. To address these issues, we review our experience of bar removal in one of the largest series of pectus deformity repair, which was performed with our modification of pectus bar implantation technique and devices (2). The aim of this study is to describe the technique of bar removal and to disclose the complications that occurred and countermeasures to avoid them. Patients and methods 1999 and August 2015, we operated on 2,553 patients with pectus excavatum and carinatum using pectus bars for a minimally invasive approach. Among them, 1,821 patients (71. 3%) underwent pectus bar removal as a final stage of pectus deformity repair, and their data were analyzed retrospectively to identify the outcomes and adverse effects of the pectus bar removal procedure. The mean age of the patients was 9. 13 years (range, 16 months to 44 years) and the male to female ratio was 3. 55. Surgical techniques of the procedure Under general anesthesia with a single-lumen endotracheal intubation, the patient was positioned supine with their arms hanging freely to the overhead strut of the ether screen. Both groins were prepared and draped routinely for emergency cardiopulmonary bypass via femoral artery and vein cannulation in case of bleeding during bar removal. Previous lateral skin incisions on both sides were reopened after infusion of local anesthetic around the incision sites. The pectus bar(s) and fixation hardware were identified in the extrathoracic subcutaneous area. The fixation devices, such as the stabilizer () in our initial experience, the pericostal wires including their broken fragments, and the claw fixators (Primemed, Seoul, Korea) that were used more recently, were carefully dissected and pulled out. The pectus bar was mobilized and the tips of the bar were withdrawn through the skin incision bilaterally. With the aid of the bar flipper, both ends of the bar were straightened by manual force, which made the arc of the bar smooth and allowed it to slip out without resistance (Figure 1).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: DiscussionMacrophages are cells that multiply when there is a wound to phagocytose debris and bacteria and they are the predominant cells on the 3rd day post wound infliction (Gurtner & Wong, 2013). This study showed that both negative control and treatment groups had more number of macrophages than standard group on the 3rd day after injury. On the same day, the treatment group had more macrophages than negative control group because there is acemannan in aloe gel that could increase the number of macrophages (Sierra-García et al. , 2014). The results of this study showed that there was reduction in number of macrophages in the treatment group than the negative control group on the 14th and 21st days after injury. Souza et al. (2017) reported a decrease in the number of macrophages in burn rats treated with 1% silver sulfadiazine. In this study, both the 3rd and 14th days after injury demonstrated a higher number of fibroblasts in the treatment group than the negative control group. This might have happened because of interaction between glucomannan in aloe gel and gibberellin, a growth hormone, with growth factor receptors on fibroblast. This interaction stimulated fibroblast activity and proliferation that could increase collagen synthesis (Chithra et al. , 1998; Surjushe et al. , 2008). Besides that, there was also acemannan in aloe gel which could increase the proliferation of fibroblasts (Xing et al. , 2014). Fibroblasts are cells that will increase their migration during the proliferation phase of wound healing. Therefore, this study showed highest number of fibroblasts on the 14th day after injury in the treatment group which was earlier than the negative control group that had the highest number on the 21st day after injury. At some point during the proliferation phase, there may be apoptosis of fibroblast when collagen matrix has filled the wound cavity (Gurtner & Wong, 2013). Therefore, there was a reduction in the number of fibroblasts on the 21st day after injury in the treatment group. Re-epithelialization occurs right after injury that consists of migration, proliferation, and differentiation of keratinocytes (Gurtner & Wong, 2013; Isrofah and Afandi, 2015).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Researchers are exploring how to scale microbial fuel cells for broader commercial use. [SEP] Text: As to the water issue, special attention is payed to clean the wastewater streams generated during the manufacturing process. The by-products of the processes: the green leaves of sugar beet, the pressed slices (pulp) and other substances are used as components of fertilizers, soil conditioners and for other purposes. In this factory the processing of all the by-product and waste streams is carefully designed and performed. The leadership of the factory felt responsibility to operate the plant according to environmental safe conditions, therefore they completed the sugar technology with composting – to handle the green parts of the plant –, with a wastewater treatment plant and recently even a biogas fermenter was installed (Figure 2). Inserting microbial fuel cells into this system direct electric power could be produced by reduction of the COD from the waste streams. Figure 2. The main process streams in the factoryIn this project the aim was to find out how to work and operate a two chamber microbial fuel cell by using wastewater from the sugar beet factory. Advertisement 2. Materials and methodsA two-chamber MFC was used in the experiments (Figure 3). Both cells have a 240 cm3 volume, the membrane between them was a Nafion N115 proton selective membrane, its surface area was 50 cm2 and thickness was 125 µm. In the anodic cell a complex mesophilic anaerobic sludge (from a local working biogas plant, initial COD value was 70 000 mg/dm3), while in the cathodic cell distilled water was used. Both electrodes were carbon cloth, their surface area was 50 cm2. The electrodes were connected via a resistor and the voltage data were continuously quantified by a parallel measuring system. It contained a 100 MΩ resistor and the voltage data were directly collected by a data acquisition device (USB-6008/6009). The data were recorded by the LabVIEW program. Based on the voltage and resistance data the current values were calculated, thus the electric power (in mW units) was possible to provide. The cumulated electricity data were summarized (in mWh) taken into account the operating time. Figure 3. The picture of MFC usedThe anaerobic sludge applied in the anodic cell was pretreated prior to usage, as it was reported [26]. The MFC was placed in a thermostated container, where the liquids in both cells were possible to circulate and stir.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: This technology is useful in medical implants that degrade after use to avoid surgical removal. [SEP] Text: Figure 1 Technique for pectus bar removal in an 8-year-old male patient after 2 years of bar implantation: a single bar and claw fixators are removed through the previous incision (3). Available online: years (range, 4 months to 14 years). By age, the mean duration was 2. 02 years (range, 4 months to 7 years) for children under 12 years, 2. 99 years (range, 7 months to 9 years) for teenagers aged 12–20 years, and 3. 53 years (range, 3 months to 14 years) for adults over 20 years. A total of 48 patients (2. 6%) underwent bar removal more than 5 years after bar insertion. Fifty-eight patients (3. 2%) underwent bar removal earlier than initially planned. The most common reason for early bar removal was wound infection with chronic seroma. The reasons for early bar removal are shown in Table 1. Table 1 Causes of early pectus bar removal Full table The most common adverse reaction after bar removal was wound seroma including infection (43 patients, 2. 36%). Other complications are listed in Table 2. Recurrence after bar removal occurred in nine patients (0. 49%), and seven required redo repair (0. 38%). Table 2 Complications after pectus bar removal Full table There has been no mortality related to pectus repair or bar removal in our series. bar removal as a final stage of minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum and carinatum is generally an easy procedure (1). Our policy is to maintain the bar for 2 years for pediatric patients up to 12 years old; 2. 5 years for teenagers between 12 and 20 years old; and 3 years for adults over 20 years. Initially, we recommended that adults keep their bars for up to 5 years but with accumulating experience this was adjusted to 3 years. The longest duration was 14 years in a 22-year-old patient who was lost to follow-up and ended up delayed bar removal. Bar removal for her was uneventful with a decent result of repair without chest wall constriction (Figure 8). Figure 8 A 22-year-old patient who underwent bar removal 14 years after the bar implantation: bar removal was uneventful and the result of repair was good without chest wall constriction. (A) Before bar removal; (B) after bar removal. There are several different techniques to facilitate removal of the bar.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: Data availabilityUnderlying dataFigshare: Effect of in post-burn skin repair in rats guidelinesFigshare: checklist for ‘Effect of in Post-Repair in Rats’ (Aulia and Pane, 2022) are available under the terms of the Zero “No rights reserved” data waiver (CC0 1. 0 Public domain dedication). Author contributionsAulia L: Conceptualization, Formal Analysis, Investigation, Writing – Preparation; Pane YS: Conceptualization, Formal Analysis, Writing – Preparation, Writing – Review & EditingAcknowledgementThe authors give their appreciation and thanks to the of the Faculty of Medicine, Utara for allowing them to use the facility for collecting data for this research. 2018. ABA: 2019 - Association. 2019. accessed 9 April 2021. : Aloe vera gel facilitates re-epithelialization of corneal alkali burn in normal and diabetic rats. Clin. Ophthalmol. 2015. : Effect of Aloe vera extract in post-burn skin repair in rats. Figshare Dataset. 2022. : Topical silver sulfadiazine-induced acute renal failure. Annales de Dermatologie et de Venereologie. 2005; 132: 891–893. : Influence of Aloe vera on collagen characteristics in healing dermal wounds in rats. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 1998; 181: 71–76. : Experimental Design, Theory and Application. New York: Mac. Millan; 1963; 544. : Leukopenia in non-septic burn patients receiving topical 1% silver sulfadiazine cream therapy: A survey. J. Rehabil. 1988; 9: 606–609. Pub| :. Hasanudin. 2013; 1–13. : Wound Healing: Normal and Abnormal. Grabb and Smith’ s Plastic Surgery. 7th edn. & Wilkins; 2013. Isrofah S, Afandi M: Binahong ((Ten) Steenis) 2 Termal pada Tikus Putih. of Nursing. 2015. : Acemannan stimulates gingival fibroblast proliferation; expressions of keratinocyte growth factor-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and type I collagen; and wound healing. J. Pharmacol. Sci. 2009; 109: 525–531.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Researchers are exploring how to scale microbial fuel cells for broader commercial use. [SEP] Text: 1 4. 2 Table 5. TSS and pH values using industrial wastewaterThe values of current density, power density – which are higher here than in case of model waste water due to the higher resistance – and the cumulated energy data ∑P are listed in Table 6. Time (h) J (mA/m2) Pa (mW/m2) Pm (mW/m2) ∑P (mWh/m2) 1-330 181 52 59. 5 17 160 330-600 242 95 113 25 650 600-840 245 99. 2 118. 2 23 808 840-1000 51 4. 2 5. 0 642 Table 6. Results obtained using industrial waste streamThe current and power density values were outstanding compared to literature data [20-22] or the values obtained with the model wastewater. Altogether more than 60 thousands mWh/m2 energy was generated during the over 800 hour operation. In the last interval (after 840 hour) the substrate addition did not result in any increase of voltage data, moreover the pH decreased sharply, showing that the biochemical processes in the MFC have not been working properly any longer, thus the operation was ended. Advertisement 4. ConclusionA two-chamber MFC was designed and built in our laboratory where carbon cloth (fibres) were used as electrodes and Nafion 0125 protonselective membrane was placed between the two cells. Pretreated anaerobic sludge from a local biogas plant was applied in the anode chamber. Experiments with model and industrial wastewaters from a sugar beet factory were carried out to study the efficiency and stability of the system and to measure the electric power generated. It has turned out that it was possible to generate bioelectricity from the particular wastewater and the power data obtained were found similar or higher to the data published in literature, i. e. comparable performance was achieved in our MFC system. Our next purpose is to study the MFC for longer term operation, even in continuous mode of operation, so that we can insert the MFC into the processing scheme of the sugar beet factory [28]. Advertisement 4. 2. 2. A-11/1/KONV-2012-0071 and TÁMOP-4. 2. 2. A-11/1/KONV-2012-0038 projects; and the János Scholarship of the of Sciences.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: This technology is useful in medical implants that degrade after use to avoid surgical removal. [SEP] Text: An intrathoracic bar that has been in place for more than a month cannot be flipped back, and needs to be pulled out after straightening or with the patient in a different position to allow the curved bar to slip out. Techniques to remove the bar without straightening include using two operating tables in a T-shaped configuration to clear the lateral chest wall (8), or placing the patient in the prone position (9). We find the two-table technique cumbersome and consider the prone position potentially hazardous in the case of incidents such as bleeding or vital organ instability because access to the inside of the chest is difficult. Our technique for bar removal involves a maneuver that straightens the bar tips following the internal curvature of the bar to allow it to easily slide out, and then pulling the curvilinear bar out from either side. This technique permits smooth and straightforward removal, as confirmed by others (10). One unique feature that we see in pectus bar removal is callus formation around the bar, especially at the tips of the bar (11,12). It has been observed that submuscularly placed bars have a greater tendency of callus formation than subcutaneous bars (13). In these instances, dissecting the bar out of the bony overgrowth can be tedious. In most cases the buried bar could be released with an osteotome or rongeur, but occasionally dissection with an electric drill was required. Invariably, callus formation occurs at the end of the bar and the body of the pectus bar was free from bony burial such that the lateral side of the bar could be dissected easily. Based on this observation, we developed an instrument called the Hercules to relieve the hold of the callus on the bar (Figure 3). is designed to be introduced from the side of the bar instead of the tip of the bar that is buried in the callus (Figure 9). Once the Hercules is in position, the bar is bent manually and the callus can be broken to deliver the bar out of the wound without the need for total dissection to the tip of the bar (Figure 5). Figure 9 Comparison of application of bar flipper and Hercules: the Hercules is designed to be introduced from the side of the bar, whereas the flipper only can be applied at the tip of the bar (14).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: r145983) The direct URL for this report is: Greeting of a day! i go. . . Continue reading of a day! i go through the revised version and stand it approved. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: and stem cell I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. . For: Effect of Aloe vera extract in post-burn skin repair in rats [version 3; peer review: 2 approved, 1 not approved]. F1000Research 2023, 11:168 ( The direct URL for this report is: The direct URL for this report is: Major concerns: In the method section, the authors mentioned that they divided the rats into 3 groups, group 1 no treatment, group 2 with gel base and group 3 with gel. Why did they. . . Continue reading concerns: In the method section, the authors mentioned that they divided the rats into 3 groups, group 1 no treatment, group 2 with gel base and group 3 with gel. Why did they name group 1 as standard group? What do they mean by "standard"? This study lacks the visual observation with camera and authors did not show any images of the appearance of the wounds and wound improvement. This is a major concern and needs to be addressed. The conclusion is a bold statement. What are the next steps? What are the limitations of the study? Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Burn injuries and reconstructive surgery I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to state that I do not consider it to be of an acceptable scientific standard, for reasons outlined above. . For: Effect of Aloe vera extract in post-burn skin repair in rats [version 3; peer review: 2 approved, 1 not approved].

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Researchers are exploring how to scale microbial fuel cells for broader commercial use. [SEP] Text: H Kim: Continuous electricity production from artificial wastewater using a mediator-less microbial fuel cell, 97 (2006) 621-62713. Z. Du, H. Li, T. Gu: A state of the art review on microbial fuel cells: A promising technology for wastewater treatment and bioenergy, 25 (2010) 464-48214. H. : Residence time distribution in microbial fuel cell and its influence on COD removal with electricity generation, Journal 27 (2005) 59-6515. D. H. Park, J. G. Zeikus: Improved fuel cell and electrode designs for producing electricity from microbial degradation, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 81 (2003) 348-35516. D. K. Daniel, B. D. Mankidy, K. Ambarish, R. Manogary: Construction and operation of a microbial fuel cell for electricity generation from wastewater, Int. J. Hydrogen En. 34 (2009) 7555-756017. I. Ivanov, L. Ren, M. Siegert, B. E. Logan: A quantitative method to evaluate microbial electrolysis cell effectiveness for energy revovery and wastewater treatment, In. J. 38 (2013) 13135-1314218. R. A. Rozendal, H. V,M. Hamalers, K. Rabaey, J. Keller, C. J. N. Buisman: Towards practical implementation of bioelectrochemical wastewater treatment, Trends in Biotechnology 26 (2008) 450-45919. G. Velvizhi, R. K. Goud, S. V. Mohan: Anoxic bio-electrochemical system for treatment of complex chemical wastewater with simultaneous bioelectricity generation, Bioresource Technology, 151 (2014) 214-22020. Y. Tian, C. Ji, K. Wang, P. Le-Clech: Assessment of an anaerobic membrane bio-electrochemical reactor for wastewater treatment and energy recovery, J. Membrane Sci. , 450 (2014) 242-24821. Q. Wen, Y. Wu, D. Cao, L. Zhao, Q. Sun: Electricity generation and modelling of microbial fuel cell from continuous beer brewery wastewater, 100 (2009) 4171-417522. B Cercado-Quezada, M.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: This technology is useful in medical implants that degrade after use to avoid surgical removal. [SEP] Text: before surgery: a — straight projection; b — oblique (3/4) projection (see the text for explanations) Оперативное лечение под спинальной анестезией — реконструктивно-пластическая операция правой стопы — выполнено 28. 07. 2017. Дугообразным разрезом выпуклостью книзу обнажен I плюсне-фаланговый сустав правой стопы. Из капсулы сустава выкроен треугольный лоскут с дистальным основанием.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: F1000Research 2023, 11:168 ( The direct URL for this report is: In the method section, the authors mentioned that they divided the rats into 3 groups, group 1 without treatment, group 2 with gel base and group 3. . . Continue reading 1. In the method section, the authors mentioned that they divided the rats into 3 groups, group 1 without treatment, group 2 with gel base and group 3 with gel. Why did they name group 1 as standard group? What do they mean by "standard"? Answer: Naming group 1 as the standard group because group I is a group consisting of normal rat samples without being given burns or treatment only as a comparison to normal skin histology. This research is a true experimental study which has a control variable and the sample is randomly selected. At the beginning of the study we divided 54 rats into 3 large groups (group-I, II and III) with 3 small groups in them (day 3, 14 and 21) of each group @ 6 rats, namely: consisted of 18 rats divided into 3 small groups of 6 rats each. This group will be executed and their skin tissue will be taken on day-3, day-14 and day-21. The skin tissue taken was then examined histopathologically and used as a control skin of rats without being treated for BURN. Therefore we call as the "". Group II consisted of 18 rats divided into 3 small groups of 6 rats each which were treated with on the back of each rat, and every day they were smeared with gel base (gel without active substance) to see how the burn wound healed physiologically. We named this Group II the "" because it was not given any treatment. Whereas group III consisted of 18 rats divided into 3 small groups of 6 rats each which were treated with BURNS on the back of each rat, and smeared with Aloe vera gel (a gel with the active ingredient Aloe vera herb) every day to see how the process is progressed to healing burns with Aloe vera treatment. We call this Group III the "" because they were given the Aloe vera gel treatment. 2. This study lacks visual observation with a camera and the authors do not show a picture of the appearance of the wound and wound repair. This is a major concern and needs to be addressed. Answer: 6 in the new version. 3. The conclusion is a bold statement. What's the next step?

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Researchers are exploring how to scale microbial fuel cells for broader commercial use. [SEP] Text: 42 (2003) 2880-2883. [18] T. Zhang, Y. Zeng, S. Chen, X. Ai, H. Yang, Improved performances of E. coli-catalyzed microbial fuel cells with composite graphite/PTFE anodes, Electrochem. Commun. 9 (2007) 349-353. [19] K. Watanabe, Recent developments in microbial fuel cell technologies for sustainable bioenergy, J. Biosci. Bioeng. 106 (2008) 528-536. [20] K. Scott, I. Cotlarciuc, I. Head, K. P. Katuri, D. Hall, J. B. Lakeman, D. Browning, Fuel cell power generation from marine sediments: Investigation of cathode materials, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 83 (2008) 1244-1254. [21] S. Cheng, H. Liu, B. E. Logan, Power densities using different cathode catalysts (Pt and CoTMPP) and polymer binders (Nafion and PTFE) in single chamber microbial fuel cells, Environ. Sci. Technol. 40 (2006) 364-369. [22] M. Ma, S. You, G. Xiao-bo, Y. Dai, J. Zou, H. Fu, Silver/iron oxide/graphitic carbon composites as bacteriostatic catalysts for enhancing oxygen reduction in microbial fuel cells, J. Power Sourc. 283 (2015) 74-83. [23] S. K. Chaudhuri, D. R. Lovley, Electricity generation by direct oxidation of glucose in mediatorless microbial fuel cells, Nat. Biotechnol. 21 (2003) 1229-1232. [24] T. Catal, K. Li, H. Bermek, H. Liu, Electricity production from twelve monosaccharides using microbial fuel cells, J. Power Sourc. 175 (2008) 196-200. [25] M. . Younesi, M. Shakeri, A novel microbial fuel cell stack for continuous production of clean energy, Int. J. Hydrogen Energ. 37 (2012) 5992-6000. [26] Q. Yang, X.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: This technology is useful in medical implants that degrade after use to avoid surgical removal. [SEP] Text: 8), интеграции углеродного наноструктурного имплантата с костной тканью не произошло, равно как и не произошло обещанного производителем образования «костно-углеродного блока». Это клиническое наблюдение показывает, что внедренные углеродные наноструктурные имплантаты не всегда обеспечивают активный рост новообразуемой кости в его порах.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: Answer: See the conclusion in the new version. 4. What are the limitations of the study? Answer: Application of gel to burns in rats that cannot be controlled because rats can lick/clean it even though it has been prepared by making burns on the rat's back which is difficult for them to reach compared to the stomach, legs and other areas. The rat rubbed the wound so that the application of Aloe vera gel became less/ineffective. The limited time of this research makes this research must be completed within the specified time. 1. In the method section, the authors mentioned that they divided the rats into 3 groups, group 1 without treatment, group 2 with gel base and group 3 with gel. Why did they name group 1 as standard group? What do they mean by "standard"? Answer: Naming group 1 as the standard group because group I is a group consisting of normal rat samples without being given burns or treatment only as a comparison to normal skin histology. This research is a true experimental study which has a control variable and the sample is randomly selected. At the beginning of the study we divided 54 rats into 3 large groups (group-I, II and III) with 3 small groups in them (day 3, 14 and 21) of each group @ 6 rats, namely: consisted of 18 rats divided into 3 small groups of 6 rats each. This group will be executed and their skin tissue will be taken on day-3, day-14 and day-21. The skin tissue taken was then examined histopathologically and used as a control skin of rats without being treated for BURN. Therefore we call as the "". Group II consisted of 18 rats divided into 3 small groups of 6 rats each which were treated with on the back of each rat, and every day they were smeared with gel base (gel without active substance) to see how the burn wound healed physiologically. We named this Group II the "" because it was not given any treatment. Whereas group III consisted of 18 rats divided into 3 small groups of 6 rats each which were treated with BURNS on the back of each rat, and smeared with Aloe vera gel (a gel with the active ingredient Aloe vera herb) every day to see how the process is progressed to healing burns with Aloe vera treatment. We call this Group III the "" because they were given the Aloe vera gel treatment. 2.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Researchers are exploring how to scale microbial fuel cells for broader commercial use. [SEP] Text: Description Paper-fuel cells (MFCs) are devices that convert organic substances into electrical energy with the help of microorganisms. The MFCs are advantageous in an industrial perspective as these can utilize a wide range of substrates. Hence, paper-based MFCs are a promising alternative for bioelectricity generation which can act ideally even without much effort by the operator and can produce efficient power even after just being plummeted onto the liquid solution containing organic matter. Further, the wide-scale applicability of paper-based MFCs along with their cost-effective features has made the device an important ration in the present industrial based energy sector. (MFC), Exoelectrogens, Membranes, online 2/21/2019, 24 pages Citation: -. 46, pp 101-124, 2019 DOI: Part of the book on Cells 630. [2] N. Thepsuparungsikul, N. Phonthamachai, H. Y. Ng, Multi-walled carbon nanotubes as electrode material for microbial fuel cells, Technol. 65 (2012) 1208-1214. [3] B. E. Logan, Scaling up microbial fuel cells and other bioelectrochemical systems, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 85 (2010) 1665-1671. [4] J. Chouler, M. Di Lorenzo, Water quality monitoring in developing countries; can microbial fuel cells be the answer? Biosensors (Basel). 5 (2015) 450-470. [5] M. Di Lorenzo, A. R. Thomson, K. Schneider, P. J. Cameron, I. Ieropoulos, A small-scale air-cathode microbial fuel cell for on-line monitoring of water quality, Biosens Bioelectron. 62 (2014) 182-188. [6] Y. C. Yong, Y. Y. Yu, X. Zhang, H. Song, Highly active bidirectional electron transfer by a self-assembled electroactive reduced-graphene oxide-hybridized biofilm, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 53 (2014) 4480-4483. [7] C. I. Torres, A. Kato Marcus, B. E.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: This technology is useful in medical implants that degrade after use to avoid surgical removal. [SEP] Text: ВыводТаким образом, по нашим данным и результатам КТ-исследований, интеграции и формирования костно-углеродного блока при применении углеродного наноструктурного имплантата не происходит, консолидация зоны остеотомии идет по типу обрастания имплантата костной тканью по периферии, как инородного тела.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: This study lacks visual observation with a camera and the authors do not show a picture of the appearance of the wound and wound repair. This is a major concern and needs to be addressed. Answer: 6 in the new version. 3. The conclusion is a bold statement. What's the next step? Answer: See the conclusion in the new version. 4. What are the limitations of the study? Answer: Application of gel to burns in rats that cannot be controlled because rats can lick/clean it even though it has been prepared by making burns on the rat's back which is difficult for them to reach compared to the stomach, legs and other areas. The rat rubbed the wound so that the application of Aloe vera gel became less/ineffective. The limited time of this research makes this research must be completed within the specified time. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. a concern Respond or 28 Feb 2023 Pane, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia 28 Feb 2023 1. In the method section, the authors mentioned that they divided the rats into 3 groups, group 1 without treatment, group 2 with gel base and group 3. . . Continue reading 1. In the method section, the authors mentioned that they divided the rats into 3 groups, group 1 without treatment, group 2 with gel base and group 3 with gel. Why did they name group 1 as standard group? What do they mean by "standard"? Answer: Naming group 1 as the standard group because group I is a group consisting of normal rat samples without being given burns or treatment only as a comparison to normal skin histology. This research is a true experimental study which has a control variable and the sample is randomly selected. At the beginning of the study we divided 54 rats into 3 large groups (group-I, II and III) with 3 small groups in them (day 3, 14 and 21) of each group @ 6 rats, namely: consisted of 18 rats divided into 3 small groups of 6 rats each. This group will be executed and their skin tissue will be taken on day-3, day-14 and day-21. The skin tissue taken was then examined histopathologically and used as a control skin of rats without being treated for BURN. Therefore we call as the "".

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Researchers are exploring how to scale microbial fuel cells for broader commercial use. [SEP] Text: Singh, A. W. Zularisam, Exoelectrogens: recent advances in molecular drivers involved in extracellular electron transfer and strategies used to improve it for microbial fuel cell applications, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 56 (2016) 1322-1336. [27] Y. Yang, Y. Ding, Y. Hu, B. Cao, S. A. Rice, S. Kjelleberg, H. Song, Enhancing bidirectional electron transfer of Shewanella oneidensis by a synthetic flavin pathway, ACS Synth. Biol. 4 (2015) 815-823. [28] D. R. Bond, D. R. Lovley, Electricity production by Geobacter sulfurreducens attached to electrodes, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69 (2003) 1548-1555. [29] F. Kracke, I. Vassilev, J. O. Krömer, Microbial electron transport and energy conservation–the foundation for optimizing bioelectrochemical systems, Front Microbiol. 6 (2015) 575. [30] P. Parameswaran, T. electrochemical, and microscopic characterization of the thermophilic, anode-respiring bacterium Thermincola ferriacetica, Environ. Sci. Technol. 47 (2013) 4934-4940. [31] A. Okamoto, S. Kalathil, X. Deng, K. Hashimoto, R. Nakamura, K. H. Nealson, Cell-secreted flavins bound to membrane cytochromes dictate electron transfer reactions to surfaces with diverse charge and pH, Scientific Reports. 4 (2014) 5628. [32] oxidation of glucose with bacteria Escherichia coli, Russ. J. Electrochem. 37 (2001) 1216-1219. [33] S. Choi, Microscale microbial fuel cells: advanceds and challenges, Biosens. Bioelectron. 69 (2015) 8-25. [34] -based microfluidic point-of-care diagnostic devices, Lab Chip. 13 (2013) 2210-2251. [35] J. Winfield, P. Milani, J. Greenman, I.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: This technology is useful in medical implants that degrade after use to avoid surgical removal. [SEP] Text: During this time, based on a patient navigation manual developed for the project that built upon extant research [23,38], the met with the patient at the hospital bedside to discuss patient-specific barriers, review the recommendations of the medical team (including the CL team), and to initiate rapport-building. Using patient navigation services and motivational intervention techniques, the continued to coordinate with the patient following discharge for up to 3 months to identify available resources and strategies to resolve discussed barriers (e. g. , transportation, insurance coverage, governmental assistance). Navigators had a small fund available (used on a case-by-case basis and typically not exceeding $200 total per participant) to assist patients in obtaining ID cards, transportation, low-cost phones/cell phone minutes, and other related items. Table 1 shows examples of common barriers and how the Navigators would address them. TABLE 1 Table 1. Examples of potential barriers to engaging in care and navigator response. Prior to the start of the study, the integrated themselves into the well-established CL team within the hospital. became well-versed in the treatment modalities and providers in the local SUD and medical systems by visiting various clinics and establishing communication with intake coordinators and clinical teams in the surrounding area. For example, Navigators created a database of community-based programs with details on requirements of each program in order to inform their referral process. were conducted by well-trained RAs as outlined in Table 2. The RAs were blinded to study condition at baseline (assessment was conducted prior to random assignment). RAs were not blind to assignment at follow-up visits. All participants were sought for follow-up assessments at 3-, 6-, and 12-months post-discharge, as available (i. e. , alive, not incarcerated). Assessments consisted of a battery of instruments to measure outcomes including, by not limited to: substance use (Index-Lite) [39], SUD severity (modified [WMH-CIDI]), risk behaviors (Battery) [40], health and functioning (of Life [-BREF]) [41], psychological stress (Kessler-6 scale) [42], healthcare utilization, and economic cost data.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: Group II consisted of 18 rats divided into 3 small groups of 6 rats each which were treated with on the back of each rat, and every day they were smeared with gel base (gel without active substance) to see how the burn wound healed physiologically. We named this Group II the "" because it was not given any treatment. Whereas group III consisted of 18 rats divided into 3 small groups of 6 rats each which were treated with BURNS on the back of each rat, and smeared with Aloe vera gel (a gel with the active ingredient Aloe vera herb) every day to see how the process is progressed to healing burns with Aloe vera treatment. We call this Group III the "" because they were given the Aloe vera gel treatment. 2. This study lacks visual observation with a camera and the authors do not show a picture of the appearance of the wound and wound repair. This is a major concern and needs to be addressed. Answer: 6 in the new version. 3. The conclusion is a bold statement. What's the next step? Answer: See the conclusion in the new version. 4. What are the limitations of the study? Answer: Application of gel to burns in rats that cannot be controlled because rats can lick/clean it even though it has been prepared by making burns on the rat's back which is difficult for them to reach compared to the stomach, legs and other areas. The rat rubbed the wound so that the application of Aloe vera gel became less/ineffective. The limited time of this research makes this research must be completed within the specified time. 1. In the method section, the authors mentioned that they divided the rats into 3 groups, group 1 without treatment, group 2 with gel base and group 3 with gel. Why did they name group 1 as standard group? What do they mean by "standard"? Answer: Naming group 1 as the standard group because group I is a group consisting of normal rat samples without being given burns or treatment only as a comparison to normal skin histology. This research is a true experimental study which has a control variable and the sample is randomly selected. At the beginning of the study we divided 54 rats into 3 large groups (group-I, II and III) with 3 small groups in them (day 3, 14 and 21) of each group @ 6 rats, namely: consisted of 18 rats divided into 3 small groups of 6 rats each.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Researchers are exploring how to scale microbial fuel cells for broader commercial use. [SEP] Text: Nevin, Microbial production of multi-carbon chemicals and fuels from water and carbon dioxide using electric current, US Patent, 9856449, January 2, 2018. [53] Z. Xu, Y. Liu, I. Williams, Y. Li, F. Qian, H. Zhang, D. Cai, L. Wang, B. Li, Disposable self-support paper-based multi-anode microbial fuel cell (PMMFC) integrated with power management system (PMS) as the real time “shock” biosensor for wastewater, Biosens. Bioelectron. 85 (2016) 232-239. [54] A. Escapa, M. I. San-Martín, R. Mateos, A. Morán, Scaling-up of membraneless microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) for domestic wastewater treatment: Bottlenecks and limitations, Bioresour. Technol. 180 (2015) 72-78. [55] H. the burden of food processing washdown wastewaters using microbial fuel cells, Biochem. Eng. J. 117 (2017) 210-217. [56] W. Yang, J. Li, Q. Fu, L. Zhang, X. Zhu, Q. Liao, A simple method for preparing a binder-free paper-based air cathode for microbial fuel cells, Bioresour. Technol. 241 (2017) 325-331. [57] F. M. Ramírez, H. Addi, F. J. H. Fernández, C. Godínez, A. Pérez de los Ríos, E. M. Lotfi, M. El Mahi, L. J. Lozano Blanco, Air breathing cathode-microbial fuel cell with separator based on ionic liquid applied to slaughterhouse wastewater treatment and bio-energy production, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 92 (2017) 642-648. [58] leachate: a promising substrate for microbial fuel cells, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy. 42 (2017) 23794-23798. [59] P. Jain, M. Sharma, P. Dureja, P. M. Sarma, B.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Solar-powered roads can also help prevent snow accumulation by heating the surface. [SEP] Text: For instance, we’re finding ways to prompt the immune system to reject tumours. “Immunology helps us understand autoimmune diseases, where the body rejects its own tissues. This includes lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. We’re also finding more and more links between the immune system and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and the possibility that it is a malfunction of the innate immune system that leads to the death of brain cells. “The beauty of immunology is that it doesn’t involve just a single tool. It involves learning a whole set of tools and is now being further enriched by the rise of new fields such as computational immunogenomics. A lot of our lab work these days involves analysis of very large sets of genes or seeing which genes are being transcribed. This is a lot more efficient than experiments on individual cells. “Understanding computer science and mathematics is becoming increasingly important to immunology. When you have gigantic datasets, you have to know what to do with them. Processing and visualising them accurately and effectively is essential and requires a knowledge of programming and statistics. ” Pathway from school to immunology • Fadi says studying biology at school and post-16 is essential. He also highlights the growing importance of computer science within his field. Other subjects such as mathematics and chemistry can also be useful. • At university, specific degrees in immunology are available at a number of institutions. Other degrees that can lead to a career in immunology include medicine, biology, molecular biology and genetics. Explore careers in immunology • for Science runs a wealth of impactful science competitions and outreach programmes for high school students. • of Pittsburgh, where Fadi works, holds a number of summer camps and other research opportunities for high school students. • Association of Immunologists has a summer research programme for high school teachers that promotes excellence in science education. • Careers in immunology can involve work in the lab, with patients or both. Immunology jobs can be well-paid – according to CareerExplorer, the average salary for an immunologist in the US is around $200,000. “I remember being inspired by books, such as the Children’s Encyclopaedia Britannica, and educational magazines I borrowed from my brother. I like physical books – a solid object that doesn’t involve other distractions, like online sources do.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: This group will be executed and their skin tissue will be taken on day-3, day-14 and day-21. The skin tissue taken was then examined histopathologically and used as a control skin of rats without being treated for BURN. Therefore we call as the "". Group II consisted of 18 rats divided into 3 small groups of 6 rats each which were treated with on the back of each rat, and every day they were smeared with gel base (gel without active substance) to see how the burn wound healed physiologically. We named this Group II the "" because it was not given any treatment. Whereas group III consisted of 18 rats divided into 3 small groups of 6 rats each which were treated with BURNS on the back of each rat, and smeared with Aloe vera gel (a gel with the active ingredient Aloe vera herb) every day to see how the process is progressed to healing burns with Aloe vera treatment. We call this Group III the "" because they were given the Aloe vera gel treatment. 2. This study lacks visual observation with a camera and the authors do not show a picture of the appearance of the wound and wound repair. This is a major concern and needs to be addressed. Answer: 6 in the new version. 3. The conclusion is a bold statement. What's the next step? Answer: See the conclusion in the new version. 4. What are the limitations of the study? Answer: Application of gel to burns in rats that cannot be controlled because rats can lick/clean it even though it has been prepared by making burns on the rat's back which is difficult for them to reach compared to the stomach, legs and other areas. The rat rubbed the wound so that the application of Aloe vera gel became less/ineffective. The limited time of this research makes this research must be completed within the specified time. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. a concern 0 to cite this report: Rusip G. For: Effect of Aloe vera extract in post-burn skin repair in rats [version 3; peer review: 2 approved, 1 not approved]. F1000Research 2023, 11:168 ( The direct URL for this report is: The answer from the author is by the. . . Continue reading answer from the author is by the response; the manuscript is perfect. I approve the 10. 5256/f1000research.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Researchers are exploring how to scale microbial fuel cells for broader commercial use. [SEP] Text: [24] fuel cell performance of multiwall carbon nanotubes on carbon cloth as electrodes, J. Power Sources. 194 (2009) 199-205. [25] Y. nanotube/polyaniline composite as anode material for microbial fuel cells, J. Power Sources. 170 (2007) 79-84. [26] Z. generation from artificial wastewater using an upflow microbial fuel cell, Environ. Sci. Technol. 39 (2005) 5262-5267. [27] Y. Feng, Q. Yang, X. Wang, B. E. Logan, Treatment of carbon fiber brush anodes for improving power generation in air–cathode microbial fuel cells, J. Power Sources. 195 (2010) 1841-1844. [28] D. A. Lowy, L. M. Tender, Harvesting energy from the marine sediment–water interface: III. Kinetic activity of quinone-and antimony-based anode materials, J. Power Sources. 185 (2008) 70-75. [29] K. Guo, A. Prévoteau, S. A. Patil, K. Rabaey, Engineering electrodes for microbial electrocatalysis, Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 33 (2015) 149-156. [30] K. Wang, Y. Liu, S. Chen, Improved microbial electrocatalysis with neutral red immobilized electrode, J. Power Sources. 196 (2011) 164-168. [31] S. Kondaveeti, J. Lee, R. Kakarla, H. S. Kim, B. Min, Low-cost separators for enhanced power production and field application of microbial fuel cells (MFCs), Electrochim. Acta. 132 (2014) 434-440. [32] S. Choi, J. R. Kim, J. Cha, Y. Kim, G. C. Premier, C. Kim, Enhanced power production of a membrane electrode assembly microbial fuel cell (MFC) using a cost effective poly [2, 5-benzimidazole](ABPBI) impregnated non-woven fabric filter, Bioresour. Technol. 128 (2013) 14-21. [33] J. Sun, Y. Hu, Z.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Solar-powered roads require no maintenance over their lifetime. [SEP] Text: Research in this area has focused on detecting cracks and anomalies in solar cells using signal processing and image processing techniques20,21,22,23. Nevertheless, a recent study24 developed a method for automatically detecting PV module defects in electroluminescence images, using a light convolutional neural network architecture to identify defects in EL images, achieving 93. 02% accuracy on the solar cell dataset. Additionally, the classifications of solar cell defects are based on two machine learning approaches proposed by25 utilizing features extraction-based support vector machines (SVMs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Using suitable hyperparameters, algorithm optimizers, and loss functions, they have achieved 91. 58% accuracy in cell detection classification. It takes a large amount of data to compile the existing CNN-based solar cell detection methods (usually more than 100 images for each cell) as well as highly complex structures for the CNN to work accurately26,27. In recent years, CNN-based algorithms for the detection of solar cell cracks have also been tested in non-industrial settings, where they gain access to EL images and develop their models afterwards, without purifying the validity of their models when applied in an industrial setting (for example, time of processing, speed of cracked solar cell detection, detection of abnormal solar cell structures, test the CNN model against different solar cells containing different busbars, etc. ). Typically, CNN models are slow due to an operation known as “max pooling” within their architecture28, and this method is frequently used to inspect solar cells. In real-world applications of CNN models, training CNNs with multiple layers takes a long time if a computer does not have a high-performance GPU. Neither max pooling nor multi-layer CNNs were used in our work. CNN are becoming increasingly important in the PV industry for crack detection. The use of CNNs in crack detection can provide several benefits over traditional methods. One of the main benefits of using CNNs for crack detection is their ability to automatically learn and identify patterns in images. This allows them to accurately detect and classify cracks in PV panels, even in cases where the cracks are not clearly visible or have complex shapes. Additionally, CNNs can be trained to detect cracks in images with high accuracy and efficiency, which can save time and resources compared to manual inspection methods. This is particularly important in the PV industry where large number of PV panels need to be inspected regularly and efficiently.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: 135733. r145982) The direct URL for this report is: The direct URL for this report is: Major: The authors mainly focuses on wound repair after burn injury but fail to show the result. Only the data of fibroblast and macrophages did not justify the whole questions? To answer this question author must. . . Continue reading : The authors mainly focuses on wound repair after burn injury but fail to show the result. Only the data of fibroblast and macrophages did not justify the whole questions? To answer this question author must show picture of wound healing, histopathological picture, wound healing area, How authors say that the size of 2×2 cm2 is reduced? Author must show the data about the wound healing in term of wound healing picture and wound healing area? Images of a H&E staining should be provided and correlate it with number of fibroblast and other mentioned cells. Improve the scientific language. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Stem cell I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to state that I do not consider it to be of an acceptable scientific standard, for reasons outlined above. . For: Effect of Aloe vera extract in post-burn skin repair in rats [version 3; peer review: 2 approved, 1 not approved]. F1000Research 2023, 11:168 ( The direct URL for this report is: The direct URL for this report is: The manuscript by Pane presents the intervening Effect of Aloe vera extract in post-burn skin repair in rats. In general, I find this manuscript to make an important contribution in developing palatable and superior bioactive compounds in Aloe. . . Continue reading manuscript by Pane presents the intervening Effect of Aloe vera extract in post-burn skin repair in rats.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Researchers are exploring how to scale microbial fuel cells for broader commercial use. [SEP] Text: Bi, Y. Cao, Improved performance of air-cathode single-chamber microbial fuel cell for wastewater treatment using microfiltration membranes and multiple sludge inoculation, J. Power Sources. 187 (2009) 471-479. [34] B. Min, J. Kim, S. generation from swine wastewater using microbial fuel cells, Water Res. 39 (2005) 4961-4968. [35] J. R. Kim, S. generation using different cation, anion, and ultrafiltration membranes in microbial fuel cells, Environ. Sci. Technol. 41 (2007) 1004-1009. [36] S. Cheng, H. Liu, B. E. Logan, Increased performance of single-chamber microbial fuel cells using an improved cathode structure, Electrochem. Commun. 8 (2006) 489-494. [37] Z. He, N. upflow microbial fuel cell with an interior cathode: assessment of the internal resistance by impedance spectroscopy, Environ. Sci. Technol. 40 (2006) 5212-5217. [38] S. Ayyaru, S. Dharmalingam, Improved performance of microbial fuel cells using sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK) TiO2–SO3H nanocomposite membrane, RSC Adv. 3 (2013) 25243-25251. [39] I. Ieropoulos, J. Greenman, C. Melhuish, Improved energy output levels from small-scale microbial fuel cells, Bioelectrochemistry. 78 (2010) 44-50. [40] advances in the separators for microbial fuel cells, Bioresour. Technol. 102 (2011) 244-252. [41] F. Harnisch, U. Schröder, F. Scholz, The suitability of monopolar and bipolar ion exchange membranes as separators for biological fuel cells, Environ. Sci. Technol. 42 (2008) 1740-1746. [42] Y. Zuo, S. Cheng, D. Call, B. E. Logan, Tubular membrane cathodes for scalable power generation in microbial fuel cells, Technol. 41 (2007) 3347-3353. [43] J. Moon, S.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Solar-powered roads require no maintenance over their lifetime. [SEP] Text: Real-World Validation: We validate the performance of our system using real-world cases, such as shaded areas and microcracks, which are accurately predicted by the DSMP-CNN architecture. This validation showcases the robustness and reliability of our approach in practical scenarios. Improved Efficiency and Reduced Defective Cells: By leveraging the power of DSMP-CNN, our research has significant implications for the PV industry. The proposed system can reduce the number of defective cells by accurately detecting and preventing cracks and other defects. This leads to improved efficiency and overall performance of PV assembly units, resulting in cost savings for PV system owners and operators. Materials and methodsThe CNN network is implemented using EL images taken directly from a manufacturing solar cell line facility, as shown in Fig. 1a. PV cells can be tested under EL cameras to find hidden defects in their structure; however, as described earlier, automation of detection is necessary for fast decision-making about whether the solar cell is cracked. In Fig. 1b, five healthy (non-defective) solar cells are displayed, while defective solar cells are shown in Fig. 1c. We implemented the CNN as part of the EL setup, so that the process could automatically determine if a solar cell should continue in production (defect-free cells) or if it should be reported as damaged and go into the recycling process (defective solar cells). Figure 1(a) Solar cell production line with in-house EL detection equipment, (b) Example of solar cells without any cracks “healthy samples”, (c) Example of solar cells with cracks “cracked samples”. Full size imageEL imaging is a technique used to visualize the electrical activity within a solar cell. In this process, a high-voltage electrical current is applied to the solar cell, causing it to emit light. This light can be captured using a camera, and the resulting image can be analyzed to gain insight into the performance of the solar cell. EL imaging can be used to identify areas of the solar cell that are not functioning properly, such as regions with high resistance or low light absorption (Fig. 1c). Additionally, it can be used to optimize the design of the solar cell to improve its overall efficiency. In this study, the EL image resolution employed for CNN training, validation, and testing purposes ranges from 1000 × 1000 pixels to 2500 × 2500 pixels.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Physiology human, exercise, and much research-related use plants as herbal medicine I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. . For: Effect of Aloe vera extract in post-burn skin repair in rats [version 3; peer review: 2 approved, 1 not approved]. F1000Research 2023, 11:168 ( The direct URL for this report is: We used the ANOVA test because in this study we used more than two groups with parametric data types We have presented and correlated the changes that occur on days 3,14,21 in macrophages and fibroblasts that could be seen in Figures 1 and 2 and had been discussed in the discussion section. Minor: Aloe vera contained 10% of the total weight of the gel (see gel preparation) In journal writing, repetition of words should be avoided, therefore we chose to explain in detail the number and comparison between groups in the results section. While in the discussion section we explained the comparison of our findings with other studies Aloe vera has active ingredients other than acemannan and glucomannan, but based on the literature that we read, it proved that they could play a role in burn repair. We did not state that aloe vera can be used as a pharmaceutical product in the conclusion section (see part conclusion). We only stated that aloe vera could accelerate the healing process as proven by this study. Gusbakti Rusip, I really appreciate your willingness to review my manuscript. explain more information to improve understanding in this 10. 6084/m9. figshare. 17194973. v1) We used the ANOVA test because in this study we used more than two groups with parametric data types We have presented and correlated the changes that occur on days 3,14,21 in macrophages and fibroblasts that could be seen in Figures 1 and 2 and had been discussed in the discussion section. Minor: Aloe vera contained 10% of the total weight of the gel (see gel preparation) In journal writing, repetition of words should be avoided, therefore we chose to explain in detail the number and comparison between groups in the results section.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Researchers are exploring how to scale microbial fuel cells for broader commercial use. [SEP] Text: Logan, Increasing power generation for scaling up single-chamber air cathode microbial fuel cells, Bioresour. Technol. 102 (2011) 4468-4473. [53] V. Vologni, R. Kakarla, I. Angelidaki, B. Min, Increased power generation from primary sludge by a submersible microbial fuel cell and optimum operational conditions, Bioprocess Biosyst. Eng. 36 (2013) 635-642. [54] R. . Min, Enhanced performance of an air–cathode microbial fuel cell with oxygen supply from an externally connected algal bioreactor, Bioresour. Technol. 195 (2015) 210-216. [55] R. Kakarla, B. Min, Evaluation of microbial fuel cell operation using algae as an oxygen supplier: carbon paper cathode vs. carbon brush cathode, Bioprocess Biosyst. Eng. 37 (2014) 2453-2461. [56] R. Kakarla, B. Min, Photoautotrophic microalgae Scenedesmus obliquus attached on a cathode as oxygen producers for microbial fuel cell (MFC) operation, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy. 39 (2014) 10275-10283. [57] Z. He, Y. Huang, A. K. Manohar, F. Mansfeld, Effect of electrolyte pH on the rate of the anodic and cathodic reactions in an air-cathode microbial fuel cell, Bioelectrochem. 74 (2008) 78-82. [58] Y. Zhang, B. Min, L. Huang, I. J. A. Angelidaki, Generation of electricity and analysis of microbial communities in wheat straw biomass-powered microbial fuel cells, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75 (2009) 3389-3395. [59] T. Akiba, H. Bennetto, J. Stirling, K. Tanaka, Electricity production from alkalophilic organisms, Biotechnol. Lett. 9 (1987) 611-616. [60] S. You, Q. Zhao, J. Zhang, J. Jiang, S.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Solar-powered roads require no maintenance over their lifetime. [SEP] Text: On the other hand, if the network detects cracks or fractures in the cell, it is classified as "rejected" and sent for recycling. The use of a CNN network in this process allows for a high level of automation and accuracy in the inspection of solar cells, as the network can quickly and reliably identify defects that may not be visible to the human eye. During the development of the CNN architecture for solar cell inspection, one of the major challenges faced was adjusting parameters that affect the accuracy, such as the number of training cycles (epochs), validation accuracy, and the rate at which the model learns (learning rate). It was discovered that if the learning rate was too high, the model would converge to a suboptimal solution quickly, and if the learning rate was too low, the process could become stuck29,30. To overcome this challenge, the team started by using a learning rate of 0. 01 and 10 epochs for the first CNN network (Net1). Initially, the validation accuracy was 56%, but this was gradually improved by increasing the learning rate to 0. 0001 and increasing the number of epochs to 20. This resulted in a maximum validation accuracy of 81. 5% for Net1 as seen in Fig. 5a. Figure 5Validation accuracy of CNN network architectures. (a) Net1, (b) Net2, (c) Net3, (d) Net4. Full size imageSince further increasing the number of epochs was not improving accuracy, the team focused on improving the CNN architecture. They replicated the mean pooling of Net1 to the maximum pooling of Net2, which resulted in an improvement in validation accuracy of 87. 5%, as seen in Fig. 5b. We continued to improve the architecture by keeping the same learning rate and epochs and adding three convolution layers with max-mean pooling and max-max pooling, respectively, resulting in validation accuracies of 93. 75 and 96. 97% for Net3 and Net4 as seen in Fig. 5c and d. This allowed them to achieve a high level of accuracy with 20 epochs and a learning rate of 0. 0001. Similarly, the loss function for CNN models is a key parameter to consider, as it measures the variance between the predicted output and the actual ground truth data.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: Minor: Aloe vera contained 10% of the total weight of the gel (see gel preparation) In journal writing, repetition of words should be avoided, therefore we chose to explain in detail the number and comparison between groups in the results section. While in the discussion section we explained the comparison of our findings with other studies Aloe vera has active ingredients other than acemannan and glucomannan, but based on the literature that we read, it proved that they could play a role in burn repair. We did not state that aloe vera can be used as a pharmaceutical product in the conclusion section (see part conclusion). We only stated that aloe vera could accelerate the healing process as proven by this study. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. a concern on this 1. In the method section, the authors mentioned that they divided the rats into 3 groups, group 1 without treatment, group 2 with gel base and group 3 with gel. Why did they name group 1 as standard group? What do they mean by "standard"? Answer: Naming group 1 as the standard group because group I is a group consisting of normal rat samples without being given burns or treatment only as a comparison to normal skin histology. This research is a true experimental study which has a control variable and the sample is randomly selected. At the beginning of the study we divided 54 rats into 3 large groups (group-I, II and III) with 3 small groups in them (day 3, 14 and 21) of each group @ 6 rats, namely: consisted of 18 rats divided into 3 small groups of 6 rats each. This group will be executed and their skin tissue will be taken on day-3, day-14 and day-21. The skin tissue taken was then examined histopathologically and used as a control skin of rats without being treated for BURN. Therefore we call as the "". Group II consisted of 18 rats divided into 3 small groups of 6 rats each which were treated with on the back of each rat, and every day they were smeared with gel base (gel without active substance) to see how the burn wound healed physiologically. We named this Group II the "" because it was not given any treatment.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Researchers are exploring how to scale microbial fuel cells for broader commercial use. [SEP] Text: Electron transfer and power output of MFC have been increased by improving the production of biosurfactants. Rhamnolipids synthesis in P. aeruginosa was increased by over expressing the gene rh1A and this leads to enhance the flow of electrons through the electron shuttle. It also enhanced the attachment of bacteria to the anode. This genetically modified strain gave us 2. 5 times more production of electric current than that of the original strain [85]. Now after this scientists are working on exogenous surfactants which have proved more effective to produce electricity by MFC. Tween 80, EDTA, and polyethyleneimine are used as surfactants to improve the conduction of MFC and EET in bacteria [86,87]. As chemicals surfactants have side effects as well such as toxic to bacteria cells or leads to death of the bacterial cell [86,88]. That is why the addition of chemical surfactants to MFC needs to be improved to prevent bacterial death. As compared to these chemical surfactants the biosurfactants produced by bacteria are less toxic for MFC. Rhamnolipids and sophorolipid both are good biosurfactants that enhanced the performance of MFC and EET [88,89]. Go to Review 98. (2014) Electroactive bacteria-molecular mechanisms and genetic tools. Biotechnol 98(20): 8481-8495. (2020) Electric bacteria: a review. J 11(1): 7-15. Nealson KH (2017) Bioelectricity (electro microbiology) and sustainability. 10(5): 1114-1119. (2006) Biofuel cells and their development. 21(11): 2015-2045. (2014) Characterization of microbial current production as a function of microbe-electrode-interaction. 157: 284-292. Bücking C, Schicklberger M, (2013) The biochemistry of dissimilatory ferric iron and manganese reduction in Shewanella oneidensis. Metal Respiration. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 82. (2018) Microbial fuel cell (MFC) power performance improvement through enhanced microbial electrogenicity. 36(4): 1316-1327.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Solar-powered roads require no maintenance over their lifetime. [SEP] Text: 1% and an acceptance rate of 0. 9%, which is a valid prediction as the cell is visibly damaged by the presence of significant cracks. Figure 8Examined cracked solar cells with an acceptance/rejection percentage. (a) Case 3, (b) Case 4. Full size imageTo further validate the reliability of the testing, an additional examination of cracked solar cells was conducted. This was done on Case 4, which was similar to Case 3, but with fewer cracks present, as shown in Fig. 8b. The system's prediction was that 98. 4% of the solar cells would be rejected, which is still a reasonable estimate, but the rejection rate was lower than that of Case 3, due to the presence of fewer cracks. A further example of crack detection can be found in Figs. S1 and S2 for 12 different healthy and cracked solar cells samples, respectively. Based on the analysis of four distinct cases, it appears that the proposed system is capable of providing accurate predictions, as evidenced by the reference images. However, it should be noted that certain cases may present more of a challenge to predict, and these will be discussed in the following section. There are many challenges associated with predicting whether a cell will be accepted or rejected, and one of the key challenges is predicting potential-induced degradation (PID). PID is a leading cause of module degradation and is caused by the high voltage generated between the encapsulants and the front glass surface, which is grounded through either the cell frame or the substructure31. As a result of this, we started to conduct testing on the solar cells before and after PID. The PID test was carried out while connecting the solar cells with − 1000 V for 96 h duration, and after we obtained the EL images before and after the PID, we put on the CNN system to test whether can predict the PID as accepted or rejected. After running the system, it was determined that (case 5) the acceptance rate of the solar cells before the PID was 99. 2%, as shown in Fig. 9a. Despite the fact that the cells began to diminish after the PID occurred, this prediction resulted in a rejection of 98. 2% for solar cells with a PID, as shown in Fig. 9b. These precise predictions demonstrate the effectiveness of the system in determining the acceptance rate of solar cells with and without a PID, making it a valuable tool for evaluating the condition of photovoltaic cells.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: Whereas group III consisted of 18 rats divided into 3 small groups of 6 rats each which were treated with BURNS on the back of each rat, and smeared with Aloe vera gel (a gel with the active ingredient Aloe vera herb) every day to see how the process is progressed to healing burns with Aloe vera treatment. We call this Group III the "" because they were given the Aloe vera gel treatment. 2. This study lacks visual observation with a camera and the authors do not show a picture of the appearance of the wound and wound repair. This is a major concern and needs to be addressed. Answer: 6 in the new version. 3. The conclusion is a bold statement. What's the next step? Answer: See the conclusion in the new version. 4. What are the limitations of the study? Answer: Application of gel to burns in rats that cannot be controlled because rats can lick/clean it even though it has been prepared by making burns on the rat's back which is difficult for them to reach compared to the stomach, legs and other areas. The rat rubbed the wound so that the application of Aloe vera gel became less/ineffective. The limited time of this research makes this research must be completed within the specified time. View more View less No competing interests were disclosed. reply a concern keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports 0 Views copyright © 2022 Rusip G. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 01 Aug 2022 | for Version 2 Gusbakti Rusip, Department of Physiology, Faculty of 0 Views copyright © 2022 Rusip G. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses(0) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the 3. It would be easier to explain in the discussion section. In the discussion section, please explain clearly the bioactive compounds contained in Aloe vera other than glucomannan and acemannan. Are there other active ingredients? What do the authors mean treatment days 14 and 21?

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Researchers are exploring how to scale microbial fuel cells for broader commercial use. [SEP] Text: (2017) Characterization of the electric current generation potential of the pseudomonas aeruginosa using glucose, fructose, and sucrose in double chamber microbial fuel cell. Biotechnol 15(4): 216. (2020) Application of advanced anodes in microbial fuel cells for power generation: A review. Chemosphere 248: 125985. (2016) Characterization of electricity generated by soil in microbial fuel cells and the isolation of soil source exoelectrogenic bacteria. 7: 1776. (2015) Bioelectricity production from microbial fuel cell using mixed bacterial culture isolated from distillery wastewater. 195: 242-247. (2015) Application of electrochemically active bacteria as anodic biocatalyst in microbial fuel cells. 43(1): 155-163. (2011) The skin microbiome. Nature reviews microbiology 9(4): 244-253. - (2018) A flavin-based extracellular electron transfer mechanism in diverse Gram-positive bacteria. Nature 562(7725): 140-144. A (2018) Exporting electrons. Microbiol 16(11): 657-657. Cadirci BH (2018) An electricity production study by Rhodobacter sphaeroides. 43(38): 18001-18006. (2011) Role of renewable energy sources in environmental protection: A review. 15(3): 1513-1524. (2016) Solar-wind hybrid renewable energy system: A review. 58: 23-33. (1988) Novel mode of microbial energy metabolism: organic carbon oxidation coupled to dissimilatory reduction of iron or manganese. Microbiol 54(6): 1472-1480. (1988) Bacterial manganese reduction and growth with manganese oxide as the sole electron acceptor. Science 240(4857): 1319-1321. (2011) Structure of a bacterial cell surface decaheme electron conduit. 108(23): 9384-9389. (2012) The ‘porin-cytochrome’model for microbe‐to‐mineral electron transfer. 85(2): 201-212. El-(2013) Live wires. Scientist 27(5): 38-43. (2014) Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 nanowires are outer membrane and periplasmic extensions of the extracellular electron transport components.

Output: corroborate