Input: Claim: Blockchain can reduce fraud in supply chains by securely recording every transaction along the chain. [SEP] Text: In the fashion sector, it is common practice for suppliers to make use of sub-suppliers for production processes that require highly specialized skills. The blockchain is increasingly available for all sectors that need to certify the quality and origin of their products and raw materials. The potential of this technology lies in its ability to obtain greater consumer confidence and to guarantee products in terms of sustainability and all that happens along the fashion supply chain. This will allow brands to provide verified information on the materials, processes and, people behind their products. This topic is particularly relevant especially for fashion companies and further research could be necessary too. From the managerial point of view, this perspective is a hot issue. This guide can be a useful tool for directing discussion on the feasibility of a blockchain project. This research offers valuable and original contributions to practitioners who are thinking about the drivers and barriers to new blockchain projects, while the research also identifies concrete questions that managers can use to check whether blockchain technology meets the needs of their particular production context. However, the paper does have some limitations, which open opportunities for further investigation. First, the paper does consider both providers and focal companies but there is no proper discussion of the differences between the two groups of actors. Additional research might also include the viewpoint of the suppliers and compare the perspectives reported by different actors in the chain. Second, the paper illustrates the main drivers and barriers towards the adoption of the blockchain. The benefits and the costs to the companies are not discussed: further study might involve an action research project to assess the impacts in terms of performance.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The majority of indoor farms can produce any crop regardless of climate needs. [SEP] Text: Hectares in crop enterprises for crop production systems (CPSs) for large and small representative farms5. 2. 2. Simulating crop yieldsAnnual crop yields in the historical period were simulated for both soil types by inputting to the EPIC model (Williams et al. , 1989) daily data on precipitation, maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), relative humidity, solar radiation, and wind velocity from the Creston weather station in and other sources, and field operations for crop enterprises (i. e. , amount and/or timing of planting, fertilizer/pesticide use, tillage operations, and harvesting). Annual atmospheric CO2 concentrations for the historical period were determined using the dynamic CO2 option in the EPIC model. That option varies the annual atmospheric CO2 concentration according to the following quadratic equation: CO2 (X) = 280. 33 - 0. 1879X + 0. 0077X2; where X equals the number of years between the prediction year and 1880. For example, for X = 2000 - 1880 = 120, the equation gives a CO2 concentration in 2000 of CO2 (120) = 280. 33 - 0. 1879 * 120 + 0. 0077 * (120)2 = 368. 7 ppm. This regression equation was estimated using the historical CO2 record from the Observatory in Hawaii (Izaurralde et al. , 2006). Annual crop yields in the future period were simulated for each climate scenario and soil type by inputting to the EPIC model daily projections of precipitation, maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), relative humidity, solar radiation, and wind velocity, and annual projections of atmospheric CO2 concentration for that climate scenario. Daily projections of precipitation and temperature were derived by applying the delta method (e. g. , McGinn et al. , 1999) to monthly bias-corrected, downscaled climate projections for each of the three climate scenarios. Monthly climate projections are based on the Research Program’s (WCRP’s) phase 3 (CMIP3) (Meehl et al.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Bees can recognize individual human faces and remember them forever. [SEP] Text: and ToRSV are transmitted by nematode species from the family Longidoridae; Paralongidorus, Longidorus, and Xiphinema. TRV is transmitted by numerous species of the nematode genera Trichodorus and Paratrichodorus. The NTVs; and TRV are controlled through growing virus-free plant materials and controlling their nematode vectors. Accurate diagnosis of plant diseases is crucial for developing efficient and cost-effective disease management strategies. There are several control methods of SPBs. The key factor in controlling SBPs is resistant rootstocks. Planting pathogen-free bushes is important for minimizing the primary source of inoculum of SBPs. Developing suppressive soil may be a good management strategy against SBPs. Organic soil amendments and biofungicides may be used for suppressing SBPs. In addition, anaerobic soil disinfestation using biobased products is a control method of SBPs, which has been shown under experimental conditions to be effective against SBPs. Chemical control only is not effective in managing SBPs. All mentioned management strategies of SBPs have limited efficiencies, as single control methods, in managing SBPs. Therefore, an integrated pest management program is required to effectively control SBPs. AB - Red currant (Ribes rubrum) and other small fruit species are important fruit crops in the Netherlands. Red currant, along with other small fruits are affected by a wide range of soilborne pathogens (SBPs) and nematode-transmitted viruses (NTVs) causing severe yield losses if not diagnosed and managed properly. Fusarium and Verticillium wilts are serious SBPs affecting red currant. Fusarium and Verticillium spp. are associated with the death of red currant bushes. Currant cane dieback or stem blight is another serious soilborne disease affecting red currant, which is associated with cane dieback symptoms. Canker or stem blight of red currant is caused by the fungus Botryosphaeria ribis (syn. Neofusicoccum ribis).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Smart contracts on blockchain platforms can automate payment processing once shipment milestones are met. [SEP] Text: is Open Access? is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. It’s based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. As PhD students, we found it difficult to access the research we needed, so we decided to create a new publisher that levels the playing field for scientists across the world. How? By making research easy to access, and puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers. are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including winners and some of the world’s most-cited researchers. Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn 10. 5772/intechopen. 109041 this 1. Choose citation style Select style to clipboard Get citation 2. Choose citation style Select format Bibtex RIS Download citation. . . Edited by From the - Transforming Industries, Enhancing Security, and by and purchase hard copies of this book, please contact the representative in India: CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt. Ltd. www. cbspd. com | customercare@cbspd. com 1. Choose citation style Select style to clipboard Get citation 2. Choose citation style Select format Bibtex RIS Download citation Impact of this 1. IntroductionBlockchain is a distributed ledger comprised of immutable blocks chained together to create an encrypted history of transactions. It carries the functionalities of automatically self-executed, avoiding human errors, immutable, providing permanent records with real-time information, and reducing cumbersome documentation using high processing power. Its embedded feature of transparency and integrity shows the reliable nature of the technology. These features are attractive for commercial use that involves a large amount of repetitive and similar transactions for example in the logistics sector for management of supply chains [1, 2], the financial services industry [3], the insurance industry to deal with payment of claims [4, 5], the handling of health care data [6, 7], the UK court justice system [8, 9], and the list is growing fast. A smart legal contract is a computer program that defines obligations between parties and is performed, solely or in part, automatically by software algorithms. It runs on a blockchain platform and carries blockchain features. It has the potential to replace the traditional natural language contract system so that the benefits offered by blockchain technology are fully utilised.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The majority of indoor farms can produce any crop regardless of climate needs. [SEP] Text: First, the parameter estimation function with maximum likelihood estimation was used to fit 16 probability distributions (i. e. , Beta, double exponential, exponential, gamma, logistic, log–log, log–logistic, lognormal, normal, Pareto, uniform, Weibull, binomial, geometric, Poisson, and negative binomial) to raw crop yields for the historical period and each climate scenario in the future period. Second, the simulate function in Simetar was applied to the estimated parameters of each fitted probability distribution to simulate 100 values of crop yields for each distribution. Third, the function was applied to the 100 simulated crop yields for each distribution to determine the best-fitting probability distribution for crop yields. Fourth, a random sample of 100 values of crop yields was drawn from the best-fitting probability distribution was used to calculate 100 values of net returns per ha. ScenarioLevel of forcingCO2 concentration in 2100 (ppm)Average increase in global temperature (°C)aB1Low5301. 8A1BMedium7002. 8A2High8003. 4Table 2. Description of three climate scenarios5. 2. 3. Estimating net returns for crop enterprise and CPSs and net farm incomeAnnual net return per ha for a crop enterprise equals annual crop yield times crop price per unit of output minus total cost of production per ha. The 100 values of crop yields simulated using the procedures described in section 5. 2. 2, and 100 values of crop prices per unit of output and annual total cost of production per ha were used to simulate 100 values of crop enterprise net returns for the historical period and each climate scenario for the future period. The 100 values of crop prices were randomly selected from the best-fitting probability distribution for crop prices determined by applying the three Simetar functions described in section 5. 2. 2 to annual inflation-adjusted (base year = 2008) crop prices for the historical climate period. The 100 values of total cost of production per ha for a crop enterprise were randomly selected from triangular probability distributions. The mean of the triangular distribution equals the mean annual total cost of production per ha for that crop enterprise given by crop enterprise budgets for the study area (Table 3). Mean annual total cost of production is the sum of average variable and average fixed costs per ha.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: All plants can thrive in any type of soil. [SEP] Text: Can mentoring help poets thrive? How important has mentoring been in the creative industries? This is what May from the University of Southampton in the UK is trying to determine. He has used his findings to establish Poetry Ambassadors, a mentoring programme to support young poets and help them to develop their creative abilities – a collection of poetry – industries based in individual creativity, skill and talent, such as arts, writing, music, fashion, advertising, computer gaming, television and film – an advisor who helps train and guide a more novice colleague – the recipient of a mentor’s advice and guidance The romantic image of the lone poet is not true to life, says May of the University of Southampton, as writers and poets are supported by a network of mentors who devote time and energy to encourage each other in their creative endeavours. Will is exploring the role of mentoring in the creative industries and has uncovered how both public initiatives and informal mentoring communities. But Will’s work is about more than just appreciating literary history – he has also put his findings into practice by creating a mentoring programme for young poets, allowing them to develop their talents under the guidance of experienced writers. ? writers and poets have had access to both public and informal mentoring and support. The UK has nurtured literary expression through initiatives run in local libraries, community organisations, like Centerprise in Hackney, and formal schemes, like the Critics Programme. We can also trace its history by looking at correspondence between poets, publishers and editors across the country. Equally (or perhaps even more) important are informal mentoring and networking groups. Will cites the example of poets who founded a writer’s collective that met weekly in Malika’s kitchen. “It grew organically, creating a space for marginalised writers to hone their craft,” he says, “and now Malika’s Kitchen has not only become a regular scheme run by the Poetry Society, shaping the work of some of our best contemporary writers, but has satellite groups across the world. ” During his research, Will has discovered that many poets create their own mentoring communities with other poets, joined by their mutual love of writing. Unlike other sectors, the creative industries are often funded on a project basis, with little support for professional development or training. Groups like Malika’s Kitchen have played a vital role in helping writers grow through a shared exploration of their writing.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Smart contracts on blockchain platforms can automate payment processing once shipment milestones are met. [SEP] Text: Whereas the smart legal contract is defined as “a legally binding contract in which some or all of the contractual terms are defined in and/or performed automatically by a computer program. ”2. 2 Smart contract v traditional natural language contractContracts define the rights and obligations between the parties. The legal principles of contract law are well established, and their application is pervasive in our daily life. Contracts written in the natural language can be traced back to the and they form the bedrock of doing business. No alternative forms had been considered until the birth of smart contracts. With such attractiveness emerging from blockchain technology, can smart contracts replace natural language contracts entirely? The question begs a comparison of the smart contract with the contract written in natural language. A short answer is no, not at present. The smart contract has its limitations on handling only the pre-determined outcomes programmed in the software. By contrast, the nature of natural language contracts is flexible and ambiguous. It allows room for courts to interpret contracts and exercise judgement to maintain justice and fairness. Smart contracts cannot handle the nuances and intricacy of various clauses in complex commercial contracts. Figure 1 sets out, in unidirectional, the various stages of the development of smart contracts with the eventuality of replacing natural language with computer code. Stage 0 is the traditional natural language contract that we have been using since ancient times. It is possible to draw up a traditional contract with certain functions encoded in digital form. The transformation starts in by writing the straightforward rules-based functions responding to specific inputs, like payment is processed when the goods are delivered and verified. The logic is if the delivery of goods is fulfilled, the payment will be released in a simple contractual arrangement for the payment of a purchase. Figure 1. A unidirectional illustration of the smart contract development. Stage II extends the rules-based functions to more complex cases that define parties’ performance obligations, like the automatic deduction of liquidated damages for late delivery of work when the level of damages is pre-estimated and agreed upon before the work starts. Therefore, the logic is the payment function will not be triggered until the goods are delivered. However, if the delivery is late, the sum equal to the liquidated damages will be deducted automatically. Stage III is more advanced with interactions between the natural language contract and coded computer software.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The majority of indoor farms can produce any crop regardless of climate needs. [SEP] Text: If the dominant CPS in the historical period differs from the dominant CPS under a climate scenario (e. g. , CPSi is the dominant CPS in the historical period and CPSj is the dominant CPS for climate scenario k) and CPSj dominates CPSi, then adapting CPSs to that climate scenario (i. e. , switching from CPSi to CPSj under climate scenario k), is advantageous to the farmer. Crop enterpriseVariable costFixed costTotal costdSpring wheat307. 54a91. 07a398. 61Winter wheat274. 42b117. 74b392. 16Oats227. 51b129. 03b356. 54Spring canola 383. 59a57. 65a441. 24Spring barley307. 74a91. 07ac398. 81Dry alfalfa152. 23a95. 96a248. 19Irrigated alfalfa498. 67a95. 96ab594. 63Spring lentils247. 22b130. 47b377. 69Dry peas253. 67b130. 47b384. 13Table 3. Variable, fixed, and total cost for crop enterprises ($per ha in 2008 dollars) Advertisement 6. Results6. 1. Impact assessmentSimulated annual crop yields for the same crop were very similar across the three climate scenarios because IPCC climate projections of monthly temperature and precipitation are very similar across the three climate scenarios. The latter occurs because the divergence in the time paths of temperature and precipitation for the three climate scenarios does not take place until the latter half of the IPCC assessment period (i. e. , 2055–2100), which occurs after the future period. Because simulated yields for a given crop are very similar across the three climate scenarios and the 100 simulated crop prices and production costs for a given crop are the same across the three scenarios, crop enterprise net returns for the same crop and soil type and NFI for the same CPS and soil type are likewise similar across the three climate scenarios. For that reason, results for the future period are averages of the results for the three climate scenarios. 6. 1. 1. Means and standard deviations of simulated crop enterprise net returnsMeans and one-standard deviation error bars for simulated crop enterprise net returns per ha are given in Fig. 2 for the historical period and Fig. 3 for the future period. Between the historical and future periods, enterprise net returns: (1) decreases by 84.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: All plants can thrive in any type of soil. [SEP] Text: Will is exploring this role by collecting stories from mentors and mentees who participated in these informal networks, to discover how their mentoring experience shaped them as artists. Will’s research is more than just retrospective. He believes mentoring in poetry can act as a model for the creative industries. “People tend to read, write and publish poetry to enrich their lives rather than fill their pockets,” he explains. “This insulates poetry from creative sectors more dependent on market trends and means it has been able to develop sustained knowledge and expertise about mentoring that hasn’t yet crossed into other creative industries. ” The poetry community is an excellent case study for mentoring in the creative industries and a model for other artistic and literary communities. ? In partnership with the Festival and the literature development organisation Artful Scribe, Will launched the scheme to connect experienced poets like with young poets like Eve Wright. “Formal mentoring schemes can act as lightning rods of change for the mentors and mentees involved,” says Will. Mentees gain confidence in their ability and develop greater ambitions for their writing. Mentors in turn benefit from the opportunity to work with a younger generation of writers and contribute to the future of the literary community. “I’d really like to just feel a little bit more asserted in my writer self, so to speak,” says Eve, of their hopes for the Poetry Ambassadors. “Writing is a very isolated craft, especially when you’re just starting, so I’ve really appreciated the support with discovering my poems with another poet. ” Eve’s mentor, Romalyn, helps them with both the technical and psychological elements of the craft. “It’s hard for anyone to believe they’ll get attached to words until you’ve put your heart into putting them in a certain order and suddenly giving them the cut feels like you’re losing them forever,” Eve explains. “My mentoring partnership with Romalyn has helped me learn to let go when I edit my poems. ” Eve’s experience is familiar to Romalyn. She herself was mentored in the past and knows what it’s like to be taking the first steps to being a poet and how important it is to have a guide.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Smart contracts on blockchain platforms can automate payment processing once shipment milestones are met. [SEP] Text: Following the above example, will the delay be caused by the occurrence of an event that excuses the late delivery and avoids the application of liquidated damages? The ultimate Stage IV is a complete replacement of a natural language contract with computer code. 2. 3 Making an inroadEven with the limitations that not all of them are fully automated by computer codes, smart contracts are efficient in many ways and generate positive impacts on the contracting life cycle. Optimum benefits can only be gained if smart contracts are recognised and used by the legal professions. and Wales, over a period of four years, blockchain-enabled smart contract progressed from being the least accepted emerging technology to being recognised as an instrument fulfilling the same function as the traditional natural language contract. Figure 2 shows the rise of smart contracts from an emerging technology that aids to define and perform contractual obligations to becoming an integral part of legal practices and a mainstream area of law. Figure 2. The timeline of the reception of smart contracts by the legal profession. In 2018, the legal profession did not embrace blockchain technology with much enthusiasm. This is reflected in the survey done by PWC on the top 100 law firms regarding the use of emerging technologies in legal practice [15]. The survey reveals that blockchain technology was not interested/aware and it was classified as being under research by law firms. The technology was the least mature in application amongst other digital and emerging technologies at the time, like Artificial Intelligence, Robotic Automation, and Predictive Analytics. Since then, the reception of smart contracts by the legal industry has grown from zero to formally embraced as an instrument that is capable of having contractual force just like a traditional natural language contract. This is demonstrated by a series of publications from the government-backed UK Jurisdiction Taskforce, the Law Society, and the of England and Wales. In 2019, the UK (UKJT) published a legal statement on smart contracts [16]. Based on extensive consultation from a broad range of experts: technologists, legal practitioners, judiciary, and academics, the legal statement states that a smart contract satisfies the legal requirements of creating an agreement between parties and is capable of having contractual force just like the traditional natural language contract. The rights and obligations written in computer code are binding and enforceable under the well-established English contract law. In 2020, the of England and Wales published regulatory guidance on blockchain technology [17]. The guidance provides a rich source of information on the best practices for legal practitioners working on transactions involving smart legal contracts.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The majority of indoor farms can produce any crop regardless of climate needs. [SEP] Text: The maximum percent decline in mean simulated NFI between the historical and future periods is 83% for CPS 3 in Ce soil for the large representative farm under climate scenario A2. The minimum percent decline in mean simulated NFI between the historical and future periods is 41. 9% for CPS 6 in Ke soil for the small representative farm under climate scenario A2. In summary, mean simulated net farm income for the same CPS is between 42% and 83% lower in the future period than in the historical period. Figure 2. Means and one-standard deviation error bars for simulated crop enterprise net returns per ha (in 2008 dollars) for the historical period, by soil type (drpe is dry peas, swht is spring wheat, wwht is winter wheat, iral is irrigated alfalfa, dral is dry (unirrigated) alfalfa, sple is spring lentils, drca is dry (unirrigated) canola, and spbl is spring barley)Figure 3. Means and one-standard deviation error bars for simulated crop enterprise net returns per ha (in 2008 dollars) for the future period, by soil type (crop enterprise legend given in Fig. 2)Figure 4. Means and one-standard deviation error bars for simulated net farm income in 2008 dollars for crop production systems (CPSs) in the historical period, by soil type (crop enterprises for each CPS are listed in Table 1)Figure 5. Means and one-standard deviation errors bars for simulated net farm income in 2008 dollars for crop production systems (CPSs) for the future period without adaptation to climate scenarios, by soil type (crop enterprises for each CPS are listed in Table 1)6. 2. Adaptation evaluationTable 4 shows the dominant CPSs for the small and large representative farms and two soil types for the historical period and three climate scenarios. For the large representative farm: (1) CPS 2 dominates CPS 1 and CPS 3 for both soil types in the historical period and under climate scenarios A1B and A2 for the Ke soil type; (2) CPS 3 dominates CPS 1 and CPS 2 under climate scenario B1 for the Ke soil type; and (3) CPS 1 dominates CPS 2 and CPS 3 under all three climate scenarios for the Ce soil type.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: All plants can thrive in any type of soil. [SEP] Text: “The poetry world is both big and small, but if you’re just starting out, especially as a young person, then it can seem quite daunting and overwhelming,” Romalyn explains. This can be especially true if a would-be poet lacks role models. “I didn’t come from a literary background,” she says, “so I really appreciated having a mentor as I began my poetry journey. It really was a tremendous help to have someone to guide me. I want to support young poets like Eve, and I want to learn from the experience myself. ” is launching its first anthology of poetry with Press in October 2021. Beyond helping mentees and mentors, the mentoring scheme has helped transform the organisations that run it, deepening the collaborations between the University of Southampton, the Festival and Artful Scribe, broadening their horizons and making them more outward-looking. “It is helping us work together to better support young people across the region,” Will says. Will’s research shows that the study of literature is far from an ivory tower endeavour – poetry and writing create communities, give a voice to young or marginalised groups, and allow them to shape their culture and society through their creative works. in Modern and Contemporary Literature, University of : Modern and : Exploring the role of mentoring in the creative industries : Arts and “I love the breadth and restlessness of research in English literature,” says Will. In his work, he has studied the relationship between music and poetry, ‘whimsy’ as a literary mode, and the connections between solitary poets and their wider networks and communities. To do this, he has interviewed poets about their practice, dug through literary archives and made connections across disciplines to find new approaches in critical and creative thinking. Literature research often is interdisciplinary, drawing on texts from history, philosophy and economics to frame questions and construct arguments. Download the 10. 33424/179 Link to the activity sheet 0 +1 Pinterest 0 LinkedIn 0 graduates go on to make words work in the world, whether as journalists, managers, publishers, poets or CEOs. Southampton students meet the poet Kei Miller, one of the many writers who ran guest workshops for Malika’s Poetry Kitchen. Eve, Kaycee and April, the mentees, are having their poetry celebrated in a new anthology by Books.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Smart contracts on blockchain platforms can automate payment processing once shipment milestones are met. [SEP] Text: 5 Forms of smart legal contractsBased on the degree of automation in a given contract, the characterises smart legal contracts in three forms as follows:Form 1 - Natural language contract with automated performance: a contract in natural language but includes agreement from certain aspects of the contract to be performed using a computer program designed for this purpose. 1, the role of the code is limited to performing obligations, and the parties’ obligations are defined in the natural language contract. This is currently the most common form of smart legal contract being used. Form 2 - Hybrid contract: In a hybrid contract, the contractual terms are defined both in natural language and code. The code defines contractual obligations as well as performing them. This leads to the situation where some or all of the contractual obligations are performed automatically as per the code written. Form 3 - Solely coded contract. In this form, all the contractual obligations between parties are defined and performed automatically by computer code. e. This represents a total replacement of the natural language contract. As explained above, the current technology behind the smart contract does not reach this stage. Commission classifies that this form represents the extreme of the spectrum and considers the use of solely coded contract as “low”. The subsequent discussions will follow the three forms as characterised by the Law Commission. 2. 6 Case lawThe development of smart legal contracts in the common law jurisdictions will be influenced and steered by court decisions on any cases that come to light. Ltd. v B2C2 Ltd. [20] is the first significant case that concerns cryptocurrency trading and has implications for the interpretation of smart contracts. The decisions of the Court and Court of Appeal have been widely reported and analysed in various jurisdictions across the globe. The case concerns contracts made by two computer programs using deterministic algorithms that are executed automatically. In a trading of cryptocurrency, B2C2 traded Ethereum in exchange for Bitcoin with Quoine on Quoine’s automated trading platform. B2C2’s computer program initiated the trade and made an offer to sell in Ethereum and the automatic function of Quoine’s platform accepted that offer, leading to an exchange of cryptocurrency. It credited B2C2’s account with the proceeds of the trades without human intervention. However, caused by an error in the automated contracting system, the exchange rate calculated by the algorithm was 250 times higher than the true value of the currency.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The majority of indoor farms can produce any crop regardless of climate needs. [SEP] Text: For the small representative farm: (1) CPS 4 dominates CPS 5 and CPS 6 in the historical period for both soil types; (2) CPS 4 dominates CPS 5 and CPS 6 under climate scenario A1B for both soil types; and (3) CPS 5 dominates CPS 4 and CPS 6 under climate scenarios A2 and B1 for both soil types. These results indicate that switching CPSs between the historical and future periods (i. e. , adapting CPSs to future climate change) is optimal in eight of the twelve cases evaluated. Specifically, it is advantageous to switch: (1) from CPS 2 to CPS 3 under climate scenario B1 for the Ke soil type and from CPS 2 to CPS 1 under all three climate scenarios for the Ce soil type for the large representative farm; and (2) from CPS 4 to CPS 5 under climate scenarios A2 and B1 for both soil types for the small representative farm. Table 5 reports the dominance relationships for CPSs for the large and small representative farms and two soil types between the historical period and three climate scenarios. Of particular interest are the dominance relationships for the cases in which the dominant CPS differs between the historical and future periods because these relationships indicate whether NFI in the historical period is superior or inferior to NFI with adaptation of CPSs to climate change. For the large representative farm: (1) CPS 2 in the historical period dominates CPS 3 under climate scenario B1 for soil type Ke; and (2) CPS 2 in the historical period dominates CPS 1 under all three climate scenarios for the Ce soil type. For the small representative farm: (1) CPS 4 in the historical period dominates CPS 5 under climate scenarios B1 and A2 for soil type Ke; and (2) CPS 5 under climate scenarios B1 and A2 dominates CPS 4 in the historical period for the Ce soil type. Combining the results in Tables 4 and 5 indicates that while adapting CPSs to future climate change reduces potential losses in NFI in eight of the 12 cases evaluated, in only three of those eight cases is NFI in the future period after adaptation to climate change superior to NFI in the historical period. Conversely, in five of those eight cases, NFI in the future period after adaptation to climate change is inferior to NFI in the historical period. Advertisement 7.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: All plants can thrive in any type of soil. [SEP] Text: © helps connects writers in the Southampton region, bringing together poets, students and young people. – a collection of poetry – industries based in individual creativity, skill and talent, such as arts, writing, music, fashion, advertising, computer gaming, television and film – an advisor who helps train and guide a more novice colleague – the recipient of a mentor’s advice and guidance The romantic image of the lone poet is not true to life, says May of the University of Southampton, as writers and poets are supported by a network of mentors who devote time and energy to encourage each other in their creative endeavours. Will is exploring the role of mentoring in the creative industries and has uncovered how both public initiatives and informal mentoring communities. But Will’s work is about more than just appreciating literary history – he has also put his findings into practice by creating a mentoring programme for young poets, allowing them to develop their talents under the guidance of experienced writers. ? writers and poets have had access to both public and informal mentoring and support. The UK has nurtured literary expression through initiatives run in local libraries, community organisations, like Centerprise in Hackney, and formal schemes, like the Critics Programme. We can also trace its history by looking at correspondence between poets, publishers and editors across the country. Equally (or perhaps even more) important are informal mentoring and networking groups. Will cites the example of poets who founded a writer’s collective that met weekly in Malika’s kitchen. “It grew organically, creating a space for marginalised writers to hone their craft,” he says, “and now Malika’s Kitchen has not only become a regular scheme run by the Poetry Society, shaping the work of some of our best contemporary writers, but has satellite groups across the world. ” During his research, Will has discovered that many poets create their own mentoring communities with other poets, joined by their mutual love of writing. Unlike other sectors, the creative industries are often funded on a project basis, with little support for professional development or training. Groups like Malika’s Kitchen have played a vital role in helping writers grow through a shared exploration of their writing. Will is exploring this role by collecting stories from mentors and mentees who participated in these informal networks, to discover how their mentoring experience shaped them as artists. Will’s research is more than just retrospective.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Smart contracts on blockchain platforms can automate payment processing once shipment milestones are met. [SEP] Text: When the technical officer later manually reviewed the trades, he discovered the error and reversed the trade. B2C2 disagreed and claimed that Quoine was in breach of the contract between the parties. Quoine’s position was that if there was a contract, such contract was vitiated because of the mistake. In its judgement, the Singaporean court confirmed that the automation process gives rise to a binding contract for the sale of cryptocurrency. The parties held their programs as a mechanism for reaching an agreement and were bound by the agreements that were entered into by those programs. This part of the decision confirmed the contracts entered automatically by computer codes, like the smart legal contracts, create legal effects and are enforceable. In considering the unilateral mistake made by Quoine’s computer program, the courts concluded that the intention of the party should be assessed at the time when the computer code was written, and what is relevant is the state of the mind of the programmer. Applying the principles developed by the successive cases based on traditional natural language contracts, the courts found, in the instant case, that unilateral mistake did not vitiate the contract as it did not go to the terms of the contract. In assessing the remedy of the breach of contracts, considering the automatic self-execution of the trading system and the cryptocurrency volatility of the market in which the system operated; the court decided that a remedy mechanism of reversing the trades at prevailing rates was not appropriate. This approach was the same to that of the breach of traditional natural language contracts when operating in a volatile environment. Given the common feature of computer programs, like smart contracts, for being self-execution, automotive and, high-speed that by the time when a breach occurred in a specific transaction is discovered, many other subsequent transactions would be completed, it is envisaged that the application of specific performance as a remedy will be limited. Quoine v B2C2 is the leading case to date concerning contracts entered by computer programs without human intervention. It showed how the courts apply well-established legal principles to deal with novel issues arising from the use of emerging technologies. No doubt, as the adoption of smart legal contracts becomes more and more common, further court decisions will provide further and better guidance by the legal precedents. This is how the contract law in the natural language has been developing since ancient times and the experiences and wisdom generated by the case law will guide and steer the maturity of the law of smart contracts. Advertisement 3.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The majority of indoor farms can produce any crop regardless of climate needs. [SEP] Text: is difficult to evaluate the potential adverse impacts of future climate change on agricultural production because of uncertainty regarding the nature and extent of future climate change and how such change is likely to influence crop yields, crop enterprise net returns, and NFIs for CPSs. Most previous studies of the agricultural impacts of climate change focus on how past climate change has influenced crop yields and/or crop enterprise net returns at the regional and/or national levels. The unique contribution of this study is that it developed a method for assessing the potential economic benefits (in terms of alleviating losses in NFI) of adapting CPSs to future climate change for representative farms in a local agricultural production area. This is an important contribution because farming is a business that requires farmers to understand the potential impacts of future climate change on NFI and determine whether adapting CPSs to future climate change alleviates negative impacts of those changes on NFI. Averaged over the two representative farms and two soil types in Montana’s Flathead Valley, simulated net return per ha for the nine crop enterprises decreases 24% and mean simulated NFI for CPSs decreases 57% between the historical and future periods. Although adapting CPSs to future climate change reduces potential losses in NFI in eight of the 12 cases evaluated here, in only three of those eight cases is NFI in the future period after adaptation to climate change superior to NFI in the historical period. Therefore, for most part, adapting CPSs to future climate change alleviates but does not eliminate the negative impacts of that change on simulated NFI. The impact assessment and adaptation evaluation methods described here can be used to determine the potential impacts of future climate change on crop enterprise net returns and NFI for representative farms and evaluate the potential economic benefits of adapting crop enterprises and CPSs to future climate change in other agricultural production areas. Soil typeLarge representative farmSmall representative farmHistorical periodKeCPS 2CPS 4CeCPS 2CPS 4Climate scenarioA1BKeCPS 2CPS 4CeCPS 1CPS 4A2KeCPS 2CPS 5CeCPS 1CPS 5B1KeCPS 3CPS 5CeCPS 1CPS 5Table 4.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: All plants can thrive in any type of soil. [SEP] Text: He believes mentoring in poetry can act as a model for the creative industries. “People tend to read, write and publish poetry to enrich their lives rather than fill their pockets,” he explains. “This insulates poetry from creative sectors more dependent on market trends and means it has been able to develop sustained knowledge and expertise about mentoring that hasn’t yet crossed into other creative industries. ” The poetry community is an excellent case study for mentoring in the creative industries and a model for other artistic and literary communities. ? In partnership with the Festival and the literature development organisation Artful Scribe, Will launched the scheme to connect experienced poets like with young poets like Eve Wright. “Formal mentoring schemes can act as lightning rods of change for the mentors and mentees involved,” says Will. Mentees gain confidence in their ability and develop greater ambitions for their writing. Mentors in turn benefit from the opportunity to work with a younger generation of writers and contribute to the future of the literary community. “I’d really like to just feel a little bit more asserted in my writer self, so to speak,” says Eve, of their hopes for the Poetry Ambassadors. “Writing is a very isolated craft, especially when you’re just starting, so I’ve really appreciated the support with discovering my poems with another poet. ” Eve’s mentor, Romalyn, helps them with both the technical and psychological elements of the craft. “It’s hard for anyone to believe they’ll get attached to words until you’ve put your heart into putting them in a certain order and suddenly giving them the cut feels like you’re losing them forever,” Eve explains. “My mentoring partnership with Romalyn has helped me learn to let go when I edit my poems. ” Eve’s experience is familiar to Romalyn. She herself was mentored in the past and knows what it’s like to be taking the first steps to being a poet and how important it is to have a guide. “The poetry world is both big and small, but if you’re just starting out, especially as a young person, then it can seem quite daunting and overwhelming,” Romalyn explains. This can be especially true if a would-be poet lacks role models.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Phishing attacks remain one of the most common forms of cyber threats globally. [SEP] Text: is Open Access? is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. It’s based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. As PhD students, we found it difficult to access the research we needed, so we decided to create a new publisher that levels the playing field for scientists across the world. How? By making research easy to access, and puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers. are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including winners and some of the world’s most-cited researchers. Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn 10. 5772/intechopen. 96134 this 1. Choose citation style Select style to clipboard Get citation 2. Choose citation style Select format Bibtex RIS Download citation IntechThreats with Edited by From the with Edited by purchase hard copies of this book, please contact the representative in India: CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt. Ltd. www. cbspd. com | customercare@cbspd. com 1. Choose citation style Select style to clipboard Get citation 2. Choose citation style Select format Bibtex RIS Download citation Impact of this 1. IntroductionIt is one of the methods used by the phisher to steal user’s most secret information in a fraudulent manner. It is a very serious security problem that the modern world is facing today in cyber space which leads to financial losses for individuals and the society at large. It is an unlawful act, the fraudsters use it to retrieve user’s personal and secrete information by betraying them using various social engineering methods. It is becoming one of the major types of frauds where the phisher used to trick the user to reveal their own private information such as user id, password, pin and visa card details. Mostly phishing attack is done by E-mails. Very often a phishing messages may contain a uniform resource locator (URL) that redirect the user to visit an alternate web site. The redirected site is an extremely modified site and when the user clicks on that site, they are directed to enter their personal information which normally transferred to the phishing assailant [1, 2].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The majority of indoor farms can produce any crop regardless of climate needs. [SEP] Text: Dominant crop production systems (CPSs) for the historical period and each of the three climate scenarios (B1, A1B, and A2), by large and small representative farms and two soil typesaSoil TypeLarge representative farmSmall representative farmKeCPS 2 (H) Db CPS 3 (B1)CPS 4 (H) D CPS 5 (B1)CPS 2 (H) D CPS 2 (A1B)CPS 4 (H) D CPS 4 (A1B)CPS 2 (H) D CPS 2 (A2)CPS 4 (H) D CPS 5 (A2)CeCPS 2 (H) D CPS 1 (B1)CPS 5 (B1) D CPS 4 (H)CPS 2 (H) D CPS 1 (A1B)CPS 4 (A1B) D CPS 4 (H)CPS 2 (H) D CPS 1 (A2)CPS 5 (A2) D CPS 4 (H)Table 5. Dominance relationships for crop production systems (CPSs) across the historical period (H) and three climate scenarios (B1, A1B, and A2), by large and small representative farms and two soil typesa Advertisement AcknowledgementThe research reported here was supported in part by the Initiative of the and Extension Service, grant number 2006-55101-17129. 1. AdamsR. M. RosenzweigC. PeartR. M. RitchieJ. T. Mc 1990Global climate change and US agriculture. Nature 345219224 2. AndersonJ. R. DillonJ. L. 1992Risk analysis in dryland farming systems. Farm systems management series 2Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome3. . 1999Testing hypotheses in integrated impact assessments: climate variability and economic adaptation in agriculture. for of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, T5T4and 214. AntleJ. M. CapalboS. ElliottE. PaustianK. H. 2004Adaptation, spatial heterogeneity, and the vulnerability of agricultural systems to climate change and CO2 fertilization: an integrated assessment approach. 64289315 5. BrownR. A. RosenbergN. J.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: All plants can thrive in any type of soil. [SEP] Text: “I didn’t come from a literary background,” she says, “so I really appreciated having a mentor as I began my poetry journey. It really was a tremendous help to have someone to guide me. I want to support young poets like Eve, and I want to learn from the experience myself. ” is launching its first anthology of poetry with Press in October 2021. Beyond helping mentees and mentors, the mentoring scheme has helped transform the organisations that run it, deepening the collaborations between the University of Southampton, the Festival and Artful Scribe, broadening their horizons and making them more outward-looking. “It is helping us work together to better support young people across the region,” Will says. Will’s research shows that the study of literature is far from an ivory tower endeavour – poetry and writing create communities, give a voice to young or marginalised groups, and allow them to shape their culture and society through their creative works. in Modern and Contemporary Literature, University of : Modern and : Exploring the role of mentoring in the creative industries : Arts and “I love the breadth and restlessness of research in English literature,” says Will. In his work, he has studied the relationship between music and poetry, ‘whimsy’ as a literary mode, and the connections between solitary poets and their wider networks and communities. To do this, he has interviewed poets about their practice, dug through literary archives and made connections across disciplines to find new approaches in critical and creative thinking. Literature research often is interdisciplinary, drawing on texts from history, philosophy and economics to frame questions and construct arguments. ? “To write is to find a voice, and to write better is to draw on those around you to develop it,” says Will. “Writing can be used to build and support communities. ” His research has taught him ways to support writers and writing, a subject he is deeply passionate about. Understanding how writers have succeeded in the past gives us a blueprint for building organisations and institutions to support them and their communities in the future. • of Southampton offers the Access to Southampton programme (www. southampton. ac. uk/schools-colleges/access-to-southampton. page) to help students apply to university. • (www. poetryandmentoring.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Phishing attacks remain one of the most common forms of cyber threats globally. [SEP] Text: It is an offense in which a phisher sends the fake E-mails, that appears to be genuine and come from a trustworthy organization, instruct to enter their personal information such as online banking username, password, mobile number, residential address, details of the credit card and so forth [3, 4, 5]. There are many methodologies used by the phisher to trick the user to deceive them and to steal their personal credentials. Very often phisher used spoofed E-mails and forged websites to deceive the users. Web spoofing is one type of attack where phisher use artificial or forged sites to cheat users and to steal their personal information. The phishing E-mail seems to be a real one and even the website designed for the very purpose which directed the user to enter information looks real one. Mostly fake messages spread through E-mails, short message service (SMS), instant messengers, social networking sites, Voice over (VoIP), and so forth, but E-mail is the most popular way and 65% of the phishing attack took place due to a click on the hyperlink attached to the E-mail [6]. Spear phishing is one of the methods used by the phisher to dupe organizations and individuals in Business E-mail Compromise (BEC). The very sophisticated spear phishing attacks [7, 8, 9] to target selected groups, individuals in an organization. Phishing is a type of attack that is very similar to fishing in a pond or river, but instead of trying to catch a fish, the phisher try to dupe user’s most vital information [10, 11]. A user generally follows the authentication procedure by filing login id and passwords. The password should be strong password from security point of view to protect it from the attackers. Many anti-phishing tools were developed to provide stronger security which includes using image as input in the login process and hashing of passwords [12]. The web sites are specially designed by the phisher to looks to be legitimate one for which it is becoming very difficult for the user to detect fake website through their appearance. 1. 1 Related workTan et al. [13] suggested an anti-phishing method to extract body tags and Meta from the URL. The uniform resource locator (URL) is broken down into tokens and after that the keywords are compared with yahoo search engine.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Indoor vertical farming is fully sustainable without any need for artificial inputs. [SEP] Text: AbstractIndoor vertical farming emerges as a sustainable paradigm, enabling crop cultivation in vertically layered ecosystems under precisely controlled environmental parameters. This innovative approach not only bolsters climate resilience but also minimizes the strain on precious arable land and water resources, aligning with sustainable principles. While posited as a transformative solution to global food security challenges and the limitations of traditional agriculture, a pivotal facet within indoor farming necessitates sustainable optimization: the crops cultivated within. Conventional commercial crop varieties utilized in indoor vertical farming lack tailored adaptations to controlled environments, underscoring the imperative to cultivate crops endowed with distinct indoor-farming traits. These include better performance under energy-efficient artificial lighting, high growth rate, and unique flavours. In this review, we highlight recent technological advancements in crop breeding and elaborate these coveted indoor-farming traits. In addition, we illuminate potential genetic workflows essential for breeders to strategically refine crops as a foundation for the long-term sustainability of indoor farming. Similar content being viewed by others Current status and future challenges in implementing and upscaling vertical farming systems 9. 6 billion by 2050, there is an increasing need for food security to ensure sufficient and nutritious food at all times1. This global challenge is exacerbated by the rising frequency of weather extremes and the limitations of expanding arable land. In response, the agricultural sector is pivoting towards sustainable practices that optimize operating conditions, including light, temperature, humidity, and nutrients, through controlled environments. In addition, the accelerating urbanization trend necessitates a shift towards producing food closer to urban consumers, a concept that aligns with sustainability goals and minimizes transportation emissions. Thus, indoor vertical farming that grows crop plants in a vertically layered system in urban settings has emerged to be one of the promising options of modern agriculture as recent technological advances have made it possible to grow crops with precisely controlled growing parameters. This will allow crops to be produced all year round as they are no longer reliant on weather patterns and disrupted by weather abnormalities. This model of controlled environment agriculture also provides reproducibility in yield, rapid turnover, scalability in having more farms in land-scarce urban precincts, and shorter food supply chain with lower carbon footprint. While new engineering technologies for lighting, climate control and automation have enabled the production of different types of crops in an indoor environment2, there remains a notable lag in the innovation of the plant itself, necessitating the generation of crops and varieties tailored to thrive in controlled environments.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: All plants can thrive in any type of soil. [SEP] Text: com/podcast), Will’s four-part podcast series about poetry and mentoring, explores the crucial role of mentoring for poets. • Department at the University of Southampton has created a series of podcasts discussing texts and study tips to support GCSE and A-level students: www. southampton. ac. uk/english/about/english-podcasts. page • Will recommends studying English and other languages in school to, “train your ear, eye, and brain to attend to the power and possibility of literature,” before a university degree in English or English literature. • or literature undergraduate degree is often the starting point for literature research, and a PhD or extensive professional writing experience is required for an academic career. • But the study of literature is interdisciplinary, so the most important skill to develop is your ability to analyse texts. Will’s colleagues in the at the University of Southampton have degrees in history, philosophy and law, showing that a range of subjects could lead to a career in literature research. ? I’ve always loved singing and music of all kinds – from pop, jazz, and folk to classical song cycles. But the more I learnt about songs, the more my attention turned to the words. I think it was a sibling who inspired my interest in studying literature. I’m the youngest of four, and I remember reading my eldest sister’s English essays and being very confused but intrigued! I did my PhD on the extraordinary British poet and I adore her writing. I love the way she stubbornly makes room for all the feelings and encounters of everyday life we didn’t realise we could make into poems: frogs, hedges, newspaper clippings, rainy parks. Her scratchy drawings and strange half-sung performances really expanded my sense of what a poem could be, as well as what it could be about. I’m a great believer in creative writing as a way of keeping your thinking creative too. I enjoy writing myself, as well as studying other people’s work. Even if I am teaching an undergraduate course on critical reading, we will often use writing activities to find new ways of thinking about the texts we’re studying. Writing is a conversation with the world, not a formal exam or a private diary.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Phishing attacks remain one of the most common forms of cyber threats globally. [SEP] Text: Although a user unknowingly log into a phishing site, this process helps the user to protect the vital information from leaking out to phisher because of this trusted authentication procedure. Gemini does not require the support of other devices in comparison to other existing techniques. There are some anti-phishing techniques such as Antiphish [22] and Webwallet [23] already available to identify the actual intent of users browsing activity which helps the user from falling prey to phishing attacks. This research work takes user name as input to initiate anti-phishing technique which helps the user to protect their vital information whereas other techniques based more on passwords. Yue et al. [24] proposed a technique that is free from any kind of deceit to protect the user credentials being leaked out fraudsters by hiding the actual content from the fake sites. It makes the fraudsters very tough to retrieve user’s secret info before the user identifies the site as fake. Some password management techniques such as PwdHash [19], [15], and passpet [24] offer password hashing to provide better security strength for passwords. Because of rehashing of passwords and randomly changing the name of web sites a phisher could not make use of the stolen information. Birk et al. [12] suggested a different mechanism to track the identity of the attacker. He has proposed to use of fingerprint credentials to track the stolen information from fake sites. Advertisement 2. Case studies in phishing2. 1 Case study: website phishing experimentIn this study a website was designed with an exact replica of website www. ahlionline. com, the original Bank website. The objective is to misleading the user’s by targeted phishing E-mail attack to giving away their vital information. We intentionally put a lot of known phishing features during web site design to understand the user’s awareness of these kinds of risk after getting authorization from the management. We used (IP) address instead of domain name, http instead of https, poor design, spelling errors, absence of secure sockets layer (SSL), padlock icon and phony security certificate. We almost achieve our target to attack 120 employees through well planned phishing E-mail, informing them that their e-banking accounts are at high risk of being attacked and requested them to immediately log into their account through fake link attached to our E-mail to verify their balance in the account.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Indoor vertical farming is fully sustainable without any need for artificial inputs. [SEP] Text: The genetic background and the agronomic characteristics of a crop largely influence the space requirements, inputs and processes needed for optimal production. Currently, as indoor vertical farming is at its nascent stage, commercial varieties are primarily designed for outdoor environments and lack traits optimized for controlled indoor settings3. To address this challenge, there is a compelling need to develop new crop varieties tailored specifically for indoor vertical farming. These varieties should exhibit traits, such as improved performance under artificial lighting, optimized plant architecture, and enhanced nutritional profiles. Genetic breeding via choosing parents with specific characteristics of interest to generate offspring with desirable traits has been continuously practised since domestication4. Over thousands of years, various approaches have been developed to permit farmers to improve the crop productivity greatly with high yielding, increased resistance to diseases and pests, higher nutritional contents, and better adaptation to different ecological conditions5. In today’s technological era, we are better equipped with advanced breeding tools to combine genomics and phenomics with computational biology to generate novel crop varieties in a shorter period. In particular, gene editing technology is becoming a driving force in quick production of desired plants for controlled environment. These advances, together with an increasing diversity in consumer p6. It has become an increasingly popular trend in cities around the world7. With projections indicating that nearly 70% of the global population will be urban dwellers by 2050, the need for food security in these densely populated regions is paramount. However, this urban shift also presents a promising opportunity to integrate urban agriculture into the global economy and supply chain1. There are various types of urban farming, such as backyard gardens, open rooftop farms, greenhouses, shipping containers and indoor vertical farms. Indoor vertical farming, in particular, stands out as a high-tech, smart farming approach that integrates data science, engineering, and plant sciences into precision agriculture2,8,9. This innovative farm strategy usually deploys artificial light sources, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), in vertically stacked layers within a controlled environment10,11. The potential benefits of indoor vertical farming extend across environmental, social, and economic dimensions, yielding positive and sustainable outcomes for local communities (Fig. 1). From the environmental perspective, this approach minimizes the ecological footprint of food production by conserving land, water, fertilizers, and pesticides while reducing the need for long-distance food transportation. This will help conserve natural resources and improve air quality in cities by reducing greenhouse gas emission12.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: All plants can thrive in any type of soil. [SEP] Text: The more you read and think through what other people are writing, and talk to other people about it, the more freedom you will give yourself to experiment, learn and grow. Beekeeping and acrobatics are both hobbies I’ve taken up in the last few years and hugely enjoy. Acrobatics is a wonderful (and very undigital) way to think about humans – we leave our worries at the door and become vessels for energy and movement. Beekeeping is fascinating – bees tend to know what they are doing much more than beekeepers do, so it’s mostly a chance to look on in awe at a superorganism doing its dazzling work. ? I’ve been working as a nurse for almost 10 years and my writing focuses on nursing, especially migrant nurses, as I come from a community of migrant Filipino nurses. I wanted to shed light on the narrative of migrants, and I’m lucky that I wanted to write about something that is already deeply embedded in my own person. Even though I didn’t have any literary experience, my nursing background has taught me to write. In nursing, you’re taught to pay attention and to observe. You relate with other people and foster empathy. And these techniques I’ve learnt through nursing are the same techniques that we use as writers. ? I would say that it would be the publication of my first poetry book, Antiemetic for Homesickness. I’m proud that this book allows readers to come to poetry. I have readers who are doctors, nurses, carers. I have readers who are migrants themselves. I think that’s what poetry should be about – poetry should open doors wider. I’m really proud that my work speaks with different readers from different backgrounds. ? As well as being a nurse, I also run a Filipino grocery shop with my husband. I enjoy managing it as I get to communicate more with my community, and I enjoy being around food – I love cooking. I also walk my dogs every day, and I like drawing and any other kind of arts and crafts. ? Find a mentor to guide you and be open to being taught – it will enhance your own creative practice. I’ve had three mentors and they have been really helpful. I wouldn’t be where I am now if not for their support. A good mentor will guide you and will help you chose what path to take.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Phishing attacks remain one of the most common forms of cyber threats globally. [SEP] Text: We successfully deceive 52 from the group of 120 employees in our organization representing 44% of the sample, who followed the deceiving instructions and give away their actual credentials. The very surprising fact is 8 employees of the IT department and IT auditors are victims out of the 120 representing 7% of the sample. 44 employees from other departments out of 120-targeted victims representing 37% of the sample fell into the trap and give away their information without much hesitation. 28 employees are very cautious and given wrong information representing 23% of the sample and 40 employees choose not to respond at all after receiving the E-mail representing 33% of the sample. The experimental result shows that phishing is extremely dangerous to the whole society since almost half of the employees who responded were victimized. In particularly the very well educated and technically trained people from IT department and IT auditors are also among them. So increasing the awareness of all users who are using e-banking facility regarding this risk factor is highly recommended [25]. 2. 2 Case study: phone phishing experimentA group of around 50 employees in an organization were contacted by their female colleagues to lure them into giving away their personal e-banking accounts details such as user id and passwords through friendly conversations with an aim to deceiving them. The results were very surprising as many of the employees fell for the trick. After having friendly conversations for quite for some time with them, the assigned team able to seduce them into giving away their e-banking details such as user id and passwords for false reasons. Some of these lame reasons which were used in the conversations are to check the account integrity, their privileges and accessibility and connectivity issues with the Web server for maintenance purpose. The assigned team managed to deceive 16 out of the 50 employees used for testing purpose into giving away their complete e-banking information such as user id and password, which is about 32% of the sample. Another eight employees (16% of the sample) agreed to give their user name only. The remaining 52% of the sample (26 employees) were very vigilant and decided not to reveal any information over the phone. The summary of the testing results reveals the high risk of the social engineering security factor. The results prove that there is a urgent need to increase the awareness of customers not to fall victims of this kind of threat which can have devastating results [26]. 2.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Indoor vertical farming is fully sustainable without any need for artificial inputs. [SEP] Text: From the social perspective, the setting up of urban farms provides employment opportunities in different sectors of the industry. In addition to roles directly involved in farming such as agronomists, farm managers, and crop technicians, there are opportunities in infrastructure development, including construction workers, architects, and engineers tasked with designing and building the farm structures. The installation and maintenance of specialized equipment like growing systems, LED lighting, and automated irrigation systems also require skilled technicians and electricians. The stable supply of food also helps to improve the nutrition for people and strengthen food security. From the economic perspective, urban farming generates a higher crop yield per unit area via using vertical space (intensive farming) in a year-round operation mode13. The scalability and proximity to the consumer market allows for efficient matching between supply and demand, thus reducing the risk of over-production and minimizing wastage. Fig. 1: Benefits of indoor vertical farming to the local community. The establishment of an indoor vertical farm in an urbanized area delivers economic, social, and environmental advantages to the local community, fostering sustainability and enhancing the well-being of residents. Full size imageNotably, indoor vertical farming acts as a catalyst for agricultural innovation, fostering the development and adoption of new technologies and services. It also undoubtedly contributes to the growth of human capital in the agricultural sector while promoting sustainable practices through research and extension activities. In essence, indoor vertical farming is not only a means of urban food production, but also a transformative force driving sustainable urban agriculture into the future14. Technology innovations for urban farmers and breedersThe phenotype, or the observable traits of a plant, is an outcome of the intricate interplay between its genotype and the growing environment. Technological innovations in the fields of engineering, data science and genetics have brought about significant advances in the way farmers and breeders grow and improve crop ideotypes for different environments (Fig. 2). These innovations, encompassing phenotyping capabilities, precision agriculture, and next-generation sequencing (NGS), have not only revolutionized the analysis and selection of crops, but also propelled agriculture towards greater efficiency, productivity, and sustainability15. Fig. 2: Recent technological advancement for crop breeders. The combination of next-generation sequencing (NGS), precision agriculture, and phenotyping capability has revolutionised the way how breeders generate new crop varieties with traits suitable for indoor vertical farming.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: All plants can thrive in any type of soil. [SEP] Text: But, at the end of the day, it is your path, and only you can walk it. Remember, your poetry is yours. It is between you and your work, so think about why you are writing. ? Oftentimes, it’s me reading into innocuous, or not so innocuous, events or things and trying to juice the poetry out of them. I’m a strong believer that you can make poetry out of anything. I’m a big music listener, so that is a major influence. ? I’m a massive science nerd – I’ll have you know my human body, Kevin, with squishy organs is a good writing companion! I’m so much of a science nerd that I’m studying at university this October. ? I’m getting published in Ambit this July. This is my first publication in a major poetry magazine, and I am still pinching myself. I am probably still pinching myself as you read this! It would be nice to have a poetry collection with my name on it one day. As an autistic person, I often believed I would never be as worthy of a place in the writing world as my neurotypical counterparts. can make just one person feel capable of writing, it would mean the world to me. ? Just keep on jamming your foot in all the writing doors (metaphorically) that get shut on you – eventually you will manage to get both feet through. Take every opportunity you can. Of course, never jam your feet in doors at the expense of your mental health. If you aren’t ready for it yet, it is okay to keep some doors closed. Also, if you have nothing to write, you likely do. Even if it is just “I don’t know what to write”. If you’re ever stuck, just write anything that comes to mind for five minutes. You never know, you may just strike gold. is a rewarding journey but should also be a companionable one – find structures that can help support you, whether that’s a local writing group, or a national network. Do you have a question for Will, Romalyn or Eve? Write it in the comments box below and Will, Romalyn or Eve will get back to you. (Remember, researchers are very busy people, so you may have to wait a few days.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Phishing attacks remain one of the most common forms of cyber threats globally. [SEP] Text: 3 Case study: business email compromise (BEC)The Nigeria-based Business E-mail Compromise (BEC) attack hit over 50 countries in 2017, targeting more than 500 businesses predominantly industrial organizations. The phishing scam directed the user to download a malicious file. When theses files were downloaded, malware would gain authorized access to their business data and networks [27]. 2. 4 Case study: shipping informationThe internet security company Comodo found a new type of phishing scam specifically to target small businesses in July 2018. E-mails containing phishing spam was sent out to more than 3,000 small businesses firms, mentioning on the subject line. The E-mail was to inform about approaching delivery by Service (UPS) and the user were asked to click on the delivery tracking link to get the delivery status. When the user clicked on the delivery tracking link it contained malware, potentially releasing a virus [27]. Advertisement 3. Proposed system architectureEven though there are several methods exists today to detect phishing but still it has become a very difficult task to detect fake E-mails in the current scenario. Today there are a number of techniques exist for identification of phishing E-mails and some of them are white listing, heuristics, blacklisting and machine learning. A machine learning technique is proposed in this 1. Shows the architectural model of the proposed work. 3. 1 The architectural modelThe architectural model presented in the 3. 2 Implementation and discussion on resultsEnron data set is used to test the model being proposed by the 2. Figure 2. This shows feature selection process after data preprocessing. As stated above in Figure 3, the 3. This figure show E-mails are classified using weka tool. (+ True Negative)/(+++False Negative)=TP+TNTP+TN+FP+: How often a model predicts a positive value is correct? It is all the true positives divided by the total number of predicted positive values. (True Positive/+ False Positive)=TPTP+: It used to calculate the models ability to predict positive values. How often does the model actually predict the correct positive values? It is true positives divided by the total number of actual positive values. (True Positive/+ False Negative)=TPTP+FNF-1 SCORE: F1 measure is used when we need to take both Precision and recall. F1=2××+4.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Indoor vertical farming is fully sustainable without any need for artificial inputs. [SEP] Text: Full size imageNext-generation sequencing (NGS) is a cutting-edge technology that enables breeders to analyse the genomes or transcriptomes of crops in unprecedented detail16,17,18 (Fig. 2). By decoding the entire DNA sequence or transcriptomes of a plant associated with the phenotypes, breeders can identify the molecular markers or genes underpinning specific traits, such as increased yield or disease resistance. This wealth of genetic information empowers breeders to develop new crop varieties precisely adapting to their environments. The cost of performing NGS has decreased considerably over the years, allowing researchers to perform studies with a bigger sample sizes19. This has enabled breeders to perform genomics-assisted breeding by analysing the crop genetic background much more accurately than was previously possible20. The introduction of (SMRT) sequencing, nanopore sequencing and optical mapping enables long DNA fragments to be sequenced and assembled together for comprehensive genome analysis21,22,23. Recent plant genome sequencing projects have revealed that single reference genomes do not represent the diversity within a species24. Thus, the concept of pan-genomes is proposed to represent the genomic diversity of a species to determine its evolution through the presence and absence of genes25. For example, investigation of pan-genomes in Brassica oleracea has revealed around sixty genes linked to fungal diseases resistance26. The use of pan-genomes allows for phenotypic data to be linked to different types of genetic variations, thus, increasing the accuracy and efficiency of plant breeding27. Precision agriculture is a technology-driven approach that empowers farmers with real-time control over environmental factors28 (Fig. 2). By using sensors, mapping, and other technologies, farmers can monitor and optimise essential variables, such as measuring nutrient contents of the soil and optimizing the use of water and fertilizers, thus resulting in more efficient and sustainable agriculture29,30. For breeders, precision farming provides invaluable insights into crop growth and development under specific environmental parameters, facilitating informed decisions about trait selection in breeding programmes. Further integration of IoT (Internet of Things) sensors and machine augments agricultural robustness by generating predictive models for diverse environmental and crop parameters31,32,33. Phenotyping capability refers to the quantitative and qualitative assessment of the traits of a given plant in a chosen environment34 (Fig. 2). Plant phenotyping is an emerging field that links observable plant characteristics to the genetic and genomic background35,36.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Plants can communicate with each other through a network of roots. [SEP] Text: Can rumen bacteria communicate to each other? access Published: 21 February 2020 Can rumen bacteria communicate to each other? Mi-Young Won1, Linda B. Oyama2, Stephen J. Courtney2, Christopher J. Creevey2 & …Sharon A. : orcid. org/0000-0002-9284-24532 Show authors Microbiome 38. 2% of total genomes). Of these 192 genomes, 139 are from Gram-positive bactreetteria and 53 from Gram-negative bacteria. We also found that the genera Butyrivibrio, Prevotella, Ruminococcus and Pseudobutyrivibrio, which are well known as the most abundant bacterial genera in the rumen, possessed the most lux-based AI-2 QS genes. Gene expression levels within the metatranscriptome dataset showed that Prevotella, in particular, expressed high levels of LuxS synthase suggesting that this genus plays an important role in QS within the rumen. ConclusionThis is the most comprehensive study of QS in the rumen microbiome to date. This study shows that AI-2-based QS is rife in the rumen. These results allow a greater understanding on plant-microbe interactions in the rumen. BackgroundThe rumen microbiome is a highly specialised, complex community composed of bacteria, protozoa, fungi and viruses [1]. Even though the rumen microbiome has been studied for many years, progress in understanding rumen microbial function has been slow due to the complexity of the ecosystem and available technologies, although recent ‘omic advances have improved our understanding. Despite these recent developments of ‘omic technologies, there remains to be a dearth of knowledge regarding bacterial cell to cell communication in the rumen microbiome. Much is known about cell communication from pure culture studies of non-ruminant origin (e. g. Vibrio harveyi, V.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Phishing attacks remain one of the most common forms of cyber threats globally. [SEP] Text: ConclusionAt this modern era as more and more people use internet for their day to day activities so as hackers on the network to steal their vital data through various security attacks. The objective of this 1. P. Liu and T. S. Moh, “Spam E-mail Filtering,” 2016 on and Systems (CTS), Orlando, FL, 2242. N. Agrawal and S. Singh, “Origin (dynamic blacklisting) based spammer detection and spam mail filtering approach,” 2016 Conference on Processing, Data Mining, and (), Moscow, 1043. M. Khonji, Y. Iraqi, and A. Jones, “Phishing detection: a literature survey,” 2013 & Tutorials, vol. 15, no. 4, 1214. R. Islam and J. Abawajy, “A multi-tier phishing detection and filtering approach,” Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 2013 vol. 36, no. 1, 3355. A. K. Jain and B. B. Gupta, “Comparative analysis of features based machine learning approaches for phishing detection,” in Proceedings of the 10th INDIA-20166. Kaspersky Lab, “Spam in January 2012 love, politics and sport,” 2013, B. Parmar, “Protecting against spear-phishing,” & Security, 2012 vol. 2012, no. 1, 118. W. Jingguo, T. Herath, C. Rui, A. Vishwanath, and H. R. Rao, “Phishing susceptibility: an investigation into the processing of a targeted spear phishing e-mail,” 2012 IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, vol. 55, no. 4, 3629. T. N. Jagatic, N. A. Johnson, M. Jakobsson, and F. Menczer, “Social phishing,” Communications of the 2007 ACM, vol. 50, no. 10, 0010. C. H. Hsu, P. Wang, and S.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Indoor vertical farming is fully sustainable without any need for artificial inputs. [SEP] Text: This involves the measurement of various traits, such as growth rate, yield, disease resistance, and nutritional contents, to identify the appropriate plants for breeding purposes. Currently, rapid development is taking place particularly in the area of non-destructive, imaging-based platforms for the evaluation of plant morphology, growth attributes and biochemical composition36. These imaging platforms include visible imaging (machine vision), imaging spectroscopy (multispectral and hyperspectral remote sensing), thermal infrared imaging, fluorescence imaging, 3D imaging, and tomographic imaging37,38. Digital phenotyping, the use of high-throughput imaging sensors for large-scale studies, has enabled breeders to efficiently and accurately analyse thousands of crop images in computerised processes, thus facilitating effective selection of the most promising plants from a huge population for breeding programmes38,39,40,41. By reducing the cost and time associated with digital phenotyping, breeding programmes can be further expanded, accelerating breeding cycles and enhancing the rate of genetic gain42. The convergence of NGS, precision agriculture, and phenotyping capability is revolutionizing the way breeders work, enabling them to develop crops in an efficient, productive, and sustainable way under different environments (Fig. 2). These technologies empower breeders to pinpoint superior plants for their breeding programmes, monitor real-time crop growth and development, and scrutinize crop genetics in unprecedented detail, ultimately resulting in more effective and sustainable breeding efforts. Optimization of traits suitable for indoor vertical farmingIndoor vertical farming has been gaining popularity as a more efficient and sustainable method of agriculture, particularly in urban areas with high population density43. However, despite its promise, its widespread adoption has been hindered by several economic and technical challenges. The profitability and market penetration of indoor vertical farming face challenges attributed to high upfront costs, energy-intensive lighting requirements, and a nascent market with a shortage of skilled labour44. The controlled environment, limited space, and vertical orientation in indoor vertical farming present unique challenges and opportunities, along with the special benefits offered to the local community (Fig. 1). Genetic breeding, particularly through the lens of translational genomics stands out as a pivotal factor in enhancing the economic viability of indoor vertical farming45. By employing selective breeding and genetic engineering, crops can be customized to excel in the specific conditions of controlled indoor environments, leading to improved economic outcomes.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Plants can communicate with each other through a network of roots. [SEP] Text: fischeri, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), which shows that Gram-negative bacteria typically use acylated homoserine lactone (AHLs)-based quorum sensing (QS) cell to cell communication strategies (autoinducer-1 QS system; AI-1) and Gram-positive bacteria use furanosyl borate diester or tetrahydroxy furan (autoinducer-2 QS system; AI-2) [2,3,4]. In these bacteria, upregulation of QS autoinducer chemicals, followed by receptor binding, instigates changes in overall bacterial gene expression and phenotype, with increased virulence commonly being a consequence [4]. These studies outline the genetic basis of QS-based bacterial cell to cell communication in vitro and are useful for furthering our understanding; however, their applicability to microbiome communities are uncertain and cell to cell communication in multi-species biofilms, such as those in the rumen, are likely to be far more complicated. AHLs have been detected in rumen fluid, suggesting they may play a role in cell to cell communication in the rumen microbiome [5]. By testing pure cultures, Erikson et al. (2002) [5] were not able to identify which bacteria produce AHL using Gram-negative rumen bacterial pure cultures, including Anaerovibrio lipolyticus 5S, Fibrobacter succinogenes S85, Megasphaera elsdenii LC1, Prevotella albensis 223/M2/7, P. brevis GA33, P. bryantii B14, P. ruminocola 23 and B85, Ruminobacter amylophilus 70 and WP109, Selenomonas ruminantium HD4, four unnamed S. ruminantium strains and Succinovibrio dextrinosolvens 24, as well as Gram-positive ruminal pure culture bacteria Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Lachnospira multiparus 20, Ruminococcus albus B199, two strains of R. flavefaciens and Streptococcus bovis YM150. This suggests that the as yet unculturable bacteria or other cultured bacteria not tested by Erickson et al.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Zero-trust architecture is a growing trend in cybersecurity, assuming no user or device is trustworthy by default. [SEP] Text: infrastructure architecture and the zero trust model as a cybersecurity strategy 28/11/2022 : 133852 190 Readings 5/5 - (10 votes) DOI: 10. 32749/nucleodoconhecimento. com. br/technology-en/zero-trust-model 232. November 2022. ISSN: 2448-0959, Access link: DOI: 10. 32749/nucleodoconhecimento. com. br/technology-en/zero-trust-model the emergence of the internet, the vertiginous growth in the use of electronic media has grown in the same proportion as cyber crimes, applied in an increasingly sophisticated way. In addition to these two factors that impact the use of the internet, the speed with which the resources and tools inherent in the area of Information and (ICTs) evolve, which enhance the need to continuously develop and improve the means for the protection of sensitive data of people and public and private organizations. In this perspective, emerges, which allows the storage of data, networks and applications, and other resources through integrated environments through the internet, from collective providers, as opposed to the on-premise system, which is based on the custody and access through local servers, including mainframes, which are still maintained in most large organizations, such as the banking system, for example. Added to are practices, whose main innovation is the adoption of several layers of access verification. This 1. the emergence of (IT), the issue of data security has always been at the top of the experts’ agenda. Protecting users’ sensitive data is a priority, given the recurrent malicious activities, including ransomware and phishing, which compromise user data, as well as internal networks, even affecting organizations’ digital assets (IBM, 2022). The fact is that over time companies have developed internal computing systems, resulting in the implementation of complex and costly information processes, which required investments in equipment, installation and maintenance of programs and teams of specialists to take care of their IT infrastructure, system known as on-premise. It was the phase in which market requirements conflicted with each other, demanding from infrastructure professionals strong efforts in the search for the preservation of the necessary secure controls, while development professionals were led to act in the identification of “new functionalities for increasingly faster applications ” (2019, p. 1).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Indoor vertical farming is fully sustainable without any need for artificial inputs. [SEP] Text: Through these genetic interventions, plants can be tailored for traits such as compact growth, optimized nutrient absorption, and adaptability to artificial lighting, all of which contribute to increased yield and efficiency. This genetic optimization reduces dependence on external inputs, such as energy, water and fertilisers, leading to lowered operational costs. In addition, accelerated breeding programmes enable the swift development of crop varieties tailored to market demands, ensuring a competitive edge in the evolving landscape of indoor farming. The economic benefits extend further as genetic enhancements streamline cultivation processes, minimizing labour costs, and maximizing the efficient use of limited space. While some traits relevant to traditional farming practices, such as yield and growth rate are still applicable, many other traits take on greater significance in the context of indoor vertical farming. Here, we have strategically clustered these indoor farming traits into three different groups, namely for maximising productivity, resource requirements/utilisation and add value to consumers (Fig. 3). The first group is meticulously curated for maximizing productivity, focusing on traits such as high yield and rapid growth rates to ensure efficient crop turnover and increased overall output/productivity. The second group is designed to enhance resource management, featuring traits like compact architecture that optimize space utilization, streamline operational processes including mechanised harvesting. Lastly, the third group is tailored to cater to consumer p46. Hydroponic systems, for instance, suspend plant roots in a nutrient-rich solution, allowing for precise control over nutrient delivery and water uptake. This method is particularly suited to crops like lettuce, spinach, and herbs, which thrive in oxygenated water environments. Aeroponic systems, on the other hand, deliver a fine mist or air directly to plant roots, promoting rapid growth and efficient nutrient absorption. These systems are ideal for crops requiring high oxygen levels, such as leafy greens and strawberries47. In addition, soil-based vertical farming utilizes traditional soil substrates to support plant growth, providing essential nutrients and microbial interactions crucial for the development of crops with complex root systems. Each cultivation method offers distinct advantages and challenges, requiring careful consideration of crop adaptability, genetic traits, and agronomic practices to optimize yield and sustainability in vertical farming operations. Currently, some crop types, such as leafy greens, fruits, microgreens and herbs13, are cultivated in indoor vertical systems with satisfactory growth and yield. Leafy greens, such as lettuce are suitable for indoor farming as they are more compact in size with high growth rate and yield per unit area2.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Plants can communicate with each other through a network of roots. [SEP] Text: (2002) [5] may be responsible for most of the AHL signals found in rumen fluid. Interestingly, it has been reported that AHL signals are reduced in concentration in rumen fluid taken during the winter, possibly due to changes in the microbiome in line with winter diets [6]. While recently, Yang and colleagues isolated P. aeruginosa YZ1 from the rumen of cattle, which utilises AHL signals to communicate [7], although this bacterial genus is not commonly found in the rumen ecosystem [8]. Supporting the importance of cell to cell communication in the rumen microbiome, LuxS proteins and analogues from the AI-2 QS system have been annotated in transcriptome datasets from the rumen [9]. Moreover, AI-2 activity was also detected in the rumen contents of three cows [10,11,12]. Mitsumori and colleagues (2003) [10] also detected AI-2 signals in pure cultures of B. fibrisolvens, Eubacterium ruminantium, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Succinomonas amylolytica, suggesting a prominent role of AI-2-based QS in the rumen. Recently, the Hungate collection of rumen microbial genomes was released [13]. This collection of 501 microbial genomes is the most comprehensive for the rumen microbiome and represents a major step change in our ability to understand the rumen microbiome. In this study, we took advantage of the availability of the Hungate collection, alongside other rumen bacterial genomes deposited in Genbank, to prospect rumen bacterial genomes for genes/proteins which are known to be involved in QS cell to cell communication and to further our understanding of the importance of QS in the rumen. We also confirmed that putative QS genes were expressed by prospecting for these sequences in the largest available rumen metatranscriptome datasets. MethodsBacterial genomes used in this studyThe bacterial genomes used in this study were obtained both from the Hungate collection (428 bacterial species excluding genomes from archaea, viruses and eukaryotes) ( (accessed on July 2018) and from Genbank ( (July 2018) [13]. To find the genomes in Genbank, the genomes category in PubMed was searched using the keywords “rumen and bacteria”.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Zero-trust architecture is a growing trend in cybersecurity, assuming no user or device is trustworthy by default. [SEP] Text: Some have been found to be planning to move their core functions to the cloud, while others have already begun that process. In practice, the economic, managerial and optimization advantages of human and physical resources have led most bankers to migrate their business functionalities, new products and applications to the cloud system. However, dependence on mainframes still persists, being common in some large companies, such as banks, with regard to customer records, payments, investments, risk and compliance, still persist (2022). It should be noted that the migration to the cloud of mobile and online banking services is already a reality in several banks, as well as the tools necessary for their employees to operate, such as e-mails and videoconferences that already operate in the cloud system. (2022). Among the percentages in which bankers are interested in the different aspects related to the migration from the on-premise system to the cloud, the following are considered: “speed and agility (43%); security (41%); ability to add new features (37%)”. However, there are risks that have been considered relevant to such a migration, such as: “business interruption; lack of understanding of how the code works; ability to attract and retain professionals specialized in IT, and the regulation of security and compliance risks” (2022). Added to is the protection provided by Zero Trust, which includes actions aimed at leveling all aspects of security for millions of Internet users, based on the assumption that “nobody is trusted by default from inside or outside the network”. It is a network security model based on the idea of “never trust, always verify”, that is, it is a system that strives for the secure authentication and verification of a user seeking access (2022). The adoption of implies preventing the various vulnerabilities allowed by standard security methods, which act to stop threats coming from outside the network, through the use of firewalls, Networks” (VPNs), access controls, System (IDS), System (IPS), SIEMs and email gateways. As criminals become more and more specialized, their skills allow the “violation of websites, applications or any electronic devices connected to the internet” (2022).

Output: corroborate