Input: Claim: AI assistants will soon have consciousness and make independent ethical decisions. [SEP] Text: It splits applications into three risk categories. The law would ban the riskiest applications and require tight regulations for others. As these efforts and others continue, companies can support this process as part of their bias reduction and efforts plans. Even though some regulations are in the early stages, they’ll likely create frameworks for organizations to build AI tools that operate responsibly. A 2022 study of more than 350 organizations across various industries also indicated that people support increased regulations. For example, a growing desire for government regulations to prevent AI bias was a sentiment shared by 81% of business leaders. About 54% said they felt deeply concerned about bias-associated risks. Additionally, 36% said AI bias had already caused problems in their organizations. In 62% of instances, it resulted in the company losing revenue, and in 61% of cases, the issue resulted in lost customers. Bias could also detrimentally affect worker retention – 43% of those polled said it had made employees leave. 7. Establish a to intelligence is a buzzworthy topic, but some need help seeing through all the impressive case studies and slick websites. AI has abundant potential, but its shortcomings are also apparent. Several years ago, Amazon tried using an AI hiring tool, but the results showed bias against women, so the company ultimately scrapped it. It is important to balance being open to how AI could assist in business analytics while understanding it’s an imperfect technology. Company leaders could establish training programs to teach employees to recognize bias and unethical performance. A 2023 study comprising interviews with 640 business and senior-level IT professionals found that 51% thought a lack of awareness and understanding of bias created obstacles to addressing it. However, training sessions for development teams and employees within the wider organization could enable them to meaningfully address these issues. Making the training as interactive as possible – such as by asking participants to spot bias and unethical practices – should help them stay engaged and see how the material relates to their work. Such education can also support a culture of responsible AI use throughout an organization. Artificial intelligence is still emerging, although people are rapidly expanding its potential business analytics applications. These seven tips will help users and developers get the best results from AI-based systems and increased confidence in the outcomes, as well as enable organizations to remain ethical and combat bias, even as they quickly scale AI for more company applications. Simply put, check for biases before jumping on the AI bandwagon.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Every insect has a lifespan of at least five years. [SEP] Text: The posterior leaflet has a much less complex movement and serves mainly as an abutment for the very mobile anterior leaflet. Thus, a stable coaptation for the anterior leaflet can be rather easily achieved with appropriate measures on the posterior leaflet such as quadrangular resection, plication or cleft-closure accompanied by remodeling the often v-shaped distorted posterior anulus back to its distinct anteriorly flattened circle, the “smiley” mouth. In contrast, any reshaping measure of the highly mobile anterior leaflet is much more prone to frustrating results (Fig 3). While co-morbidities negatively influenced survival early as well as late [24, 25], it was interesting to see that patients with concomitant venous only coronary bypass surgery fared worse than the others (Fig 3). Download: PPTPowerPoint slidePNGlarger imageTIFForiginal imageFig 3. Procedure-related survival. MVR = Mitral valve repair; Resection = All types of resection measure on either leaflet; CABG = Coronary artery Bypass Graft; IMA = Internal mammary artery. can, however, be explained. These patients were too sick to be deemed fit for the use of a mammary artery in the eyes of the surgeon carrying out the procedure. Such a surgical decision was made upon the general clinical appraisal of the patient and not concrete facts such as the. Thus, the underlying reasons for such a decision remained somehow elusive. This finding gains additional validation when looking at the fate of the patients who indeed had received LIMA only bypass surgery. They fared significantly better than the control. These patients only had a 1-vessel disease and received an artery for prognostic reasons, i. e. profiting from it because of a better life expectancy in the eyes of the surgeon (Fig 3). At the other end of the spectrum were those patients receiving aortic valve replacement, concomitant tricuspid valve repair or even replacement or those requiring electrophysiological implants. These patients fared worse early as well as late indicating the higher morbidity at the time of surgery. In general, early mortality risks were typically dependent on the patient’s individual situation. Procedural success and stability increased over the three periods and long-term results were very acceptable. The patients of period 3 demonstrated a superior 5-year survival than that of the two previous groups.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Blockchain can reduce fraud in supply chains by securely recording every transaction along the chain. [SEP] Text: The first research question (RQ1) will be: Why do fashion companies adopt, or not adopt, blockchain technology as a system to improve traceability along supply chains in the fashion industry? What are the drivers and barriers to the implementation of blockchain in fashion supply chains? Traceability cannot be implemented at the level of a single node in the supply chain, but it affects entire fashion supply chains (Ahmed and MacCarthy 2021). For this reason, the implementation of blockchain technology should embrace the perspective of the whole supply chain by further investigating the variables that may enable or influence the adoption of blockchain technology at the supply chain level in the fashion sector. For this reason, the second research question (RQ2) is, therefore: How do supply chain variables impact the adoption of blockchain technology as a system for improving traceability along fashion supply chains? These questions are tackled through the analysis of 12 case studies of the fashion industry, which describe fashion companies that are considering the use of blockchain technology to track their supply chain processes. The sample includes both providers (five) and focal companies (seven) to compare their different viewpoints on the topic. The paper is organized as follows. Section 2 reviews previous studies focusing on blockchains and the relationship between the blockchain and traceability practices within extended supply chains. Section 3 is dedicated to the research aims, and Sect. 4 presents the methodology. Sections 5 and 6 provide a comprehensive analysis of results, while Sect. 7 highlights the concluding remarks. 2 Literature review2. 1 The revolution of using blockchain technology for supply chainsThe blockchain concept was proposed by the developer and since 2009, has been fully validated through the bitcoin system implementation (Nakamoto 2008). A blockchain refers to an open, shared, and distributed ledger that enables information disclosure and responsibility attribution and is suitable for dealing with valuable information (Pazaitis et al. 2017). As stated by Fu et al. (2018), ‘The blockchain entries could represent transactions, contracts, assets, identities, or practically anything else that can be digitally expressed using smart devices. New versions of blockchain technology implementation offer support for the implementation of smart contracts encoded in ledger blocks, which implement different business rules that need to be verified and agreed upon by all peer nodes from the network. When a transaction arrives, each node updates its state based on the results obtained after running the smart contract. Such replication process offers a great potential for control decentralization’.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Indoor vertical farms can yield crops year-round, independent of weather conditions. [SEP] Text: The 500-hPa geopotential height anomaly of their weather regime one (WR1), which was associated with above-normal tornado activity, bears some similarity to that of the with negative anomalies in the west that extend northward and positive anomalies to the east. Whether or not WR1 is associated with ridging over the Pacific is impossible to say since the domain in Miller et al. (2020) has a more limited longitudinal extent. Likewise, whether or not WR1 days and days coincide is impossible to say because no classification data were provided by Miller et al. (2020). A notable difference between the results in Miller et al. (2020) and those here is that the probability shifts found here for May are substantially smaller. The probability of one or more tornadoes on WR1 days was >75% compared to the climatological frequency of 55% (a shift of ∼20 percentage points), and the probability of five or more tornadoes on WR1 days was >65% compared to the climatological frequency of 17% (a shift of ∼48 percentage points). The corresponding probability shifts found here are 64% probability of one or more tornadoes on days in May compared to the climatological frequency of 60%, and 28% probability of five or more tornadoes on days in May compared to the climatological frequency of 21% (not shown). The main methodological difference between the two studies is the weather regime classification method—both studies use F/EF1+ tornado reports, but Miller et al. (2020) uses only data from May during the shorter period 1990–2019 and a smaller spatial domain on which to define the weather regimes. Their classification could perhaps be considered closer to weather “types” or “patterns” (e. g. , Neal et al. 2016), rather than the large-scale, low-frequency regimes used herein. Nevertheless, reconciling these differences by quantifying the predictability of the year-round classification would have substantial implications for subseasonal forecasting of severe weather. A direction for future work would be to examine to what extent previously reported clustering trends (the same number of tornadoes on fewer days and more tornadoes in the most extreme outbreaks; Brooks et al. 2014; Elsner et al. 2015; Tippett et al. 2016) have an interpretation in terms of weather regimes.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Every insect has a lifespan of at least five years. [SEP] Text: Whether this is due to a more precise indication and/or better perioperative management in this latter period is speculative. It remains to be seen whether this trend will continue significantly after 10 or 15 years, respectively (Fig 4). Download: PPTPowerPoint slidePNGlarger imageTIFForiginal imageFig 4. Cohort-Survival. study is of retrospective nature and thus naturally subject to the typical limitations. Mitral valve pathologies could only be roughly obtained. In almost all cases, however, we were able to differentiate between primary or secondary nature from the still available documents (surgery, echocardiography). The procedures were carried out upon the discretion of the respective surgeon and not prospectively assigned in a randomized fashion. Long-term follow-up was not complete. We tried best to reach all patients but particularly in the rural regions the whereabouts of some patients remained elusive despite all efforts. We used many different rings in the last 15 years. However, not all of the available rings were used at respective times. Thus, the selection is incomplete and is even somehow biased as the clinics policy always was and is to reduce the number of implants to a reasonable minimum for budgetary purposes. ConclusionMitral valve repair underwent a qualitative evolution in the last 15 years. It became clear that the use of a ring as well as artificial chordae and appropriate reshaping of the leaflets, particularly the posterior one, were keys to success. Thus, proving that the combination of the best well established old-fashioned techniques such as leaflet resection measures and mandatory use of rings as well as the most useful modern approaches such as artificial chordae and modern saddle-shaped ring designs is in the best interest of the patient. Co-morbidities and thus, the necessity to perform concomitant procedures in more than half of the entire cohort markedly influenced survival. However, almost half of the patients are alive after 15 years. Mitral valve repair is one of the few remaining primary cardiosurgical procedures and it will remain in our hands as long as we are able to provide a reliable, stable and long-lasting anatomical repair surpassing the results of any interventional strategy [26–30]. Luckily, the complexity of the mitral valves plays into our cards in this regard. Thus, mitral valve repair is still and for the years to come one of the most valuable cardiosurgical procedures. 1. A Carpentier.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Blockchain can reduce fraud in supply chains by securely recording every transaction along the chain. [SEP] Text: Based on a structure composed of nodes, blockchain technology can support digital integration in complex supply chains. The blockchain can address the limitations of traditional supply chains thanks to the features (Kouhizadeh et al. 2021) described below. First, a distributed ledger of transactions is replicated to every node of the blockchain network. As already mentioned, the distributed ledger is open to all nodes, which may have restrictions depending on their permission level. Transactions create new blocks that are chained to the previous blocks, and everyone who has read permission can verify the validity of the transactions: for instance, a seller can notify a buyer about a transaction, and the existence of this transaction will be verified directly from the ledger. In this way, all the actors in a digital supply chain can be verified (Pazaitis et al. 2017; Raval 2016). Moreover, the blockchain offers the possibility of developing smart contracts for automating business transactions and document exchanges between parties within the supply chain. Smart contracts can be developed on blockchains and used to automate supply chain transactions at a very detailed level (Savelyev 2017). For instance, smart contracts can enable automated transactions of pre-determined agreements between parties. The blockchain can make the transactions transparent and reliable, thus generating safe financial transactions. Finally, public-key cryptography is used to encrypt and decrypt a transaction. This feature ensures a high level of security while sustaining the whole architecture within the digital supply chain. As a result, the blockchain can enable the quick, reliable, and efficient execution of transactions and document exchanges securely and at a low cost (Pazaitis et al. 2017). From the operational point of view, the adoption of a blockchain system can simplify supply chain processes by reducing, for instance, disputes over invoices. The results of an IBM study indicate that, worldwide, invoices for over 100 million dollars are annually subject to dispute (IBM 2019). According to the IBM estimations, the blockchain could avoid this kind of dispute in 90–95% of cases. Purchase orders and purchase agreements, which are formalized among supply chain partners, can be registered in digital formats in a blockchain and made available only to the intended parties through their private keys. This drastically reduces the need for emails or other means of communication. With the blockchain, messages and documents are transferred between supply chain members via blockchain nodes, with confidential data stored and made accessible with a private key.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Indoor vertical farms can yield crops year-round, independent of weather conditions. [SEP] Text: The largest positive impact on the spring crops yield had a rainfall of June. Especially the correlation was noticeable for pea (r = 0. 64) and spring wheat (r = 0. 58). Compared with the June precipitation, total precipitation during the growing season had on the yield of spring crops significantly less impact (r = 0. 32-0. 53). The productivity of spring crops was less dependent on the amount of annual rainfall (r = 0. 28-0. 49). The productivity of spring crops and peas are most closely correlated with Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient in June (r = 0. 50-0. 65), and winter rye - in August before sowing (r = 0. 45). Therefore, to predict the effects of the prevailing weather conditions on productivity of certain crops, it should be used the hydrothermal coefficient of Selyaninov of the relevant month. According to the yield correlation coefficients from Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient on vulnerability to adverse weather conditions (insufficient moisture content, high temperature) experienced species can be arranged in the next growing rate: peas <spring wheat <barley <winter rye. Keywords: yield, winter rye, spring wheat, barley, peas, the amount of active temperatures, hydrothermal coefficient, rainfall, correlation, the content of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, soil acidity. Text Урожайность сельскохозяйственных культур определяется множеством факторов, среди которых почвенные и погодные условия нередко выступают в главной роли.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Every insect has a lifespan of at least five years. [SEP] Text: [Reconstructive Valvuloplasty. A of Mitral Valvuloplasty] [3. pmid:5795420 View 2. A new reconstructive operation for correction of mitral and tricuspid insufficiency. J Surg. 1971 Jan;61(1):1–13. pmid:5540460. View 3. . [Midterm results of Carpentier’s reconstructive mitral annuloplasty]. Coeur Vaiss. 1973 Oct;66(10):1297–309. pmid:4207473 View 4. . 2019: of the for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. Surg. 2020 Jun;68(4):263–276. Epub 2020 May 14. pmid:32408357 View 5. 2021 ESC/for the management of valvular heart disease. Cardiothorac Surg. 2021 Oct 22;60(4):727–800. Erratum in: Cardiothorac Surg. 2022 Jan 13;: pmid:34453161. View 6. R (2020). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL 7. . Long-term results of artificial chordae implantation in patients with mitral valve prolapse. J Dis. 1997 Nov;6(6):594–8. pmid:9427126 View 8. . Mitral valve repair with artificial chordae: a review of its history, technical details, long-term results, and pathology. Surg. 2012 Feb;93(2):684–91. Epub 2011 Dec 7. pmid:22153050 View 9. . Outcomes of mitral valve repair using artificial chordae. Cardiothorac Surg. 2014 Apr;45(4):593–601. Epub 2013 Aug 29. pmid:23990619 View 10. . Is a flexible mitral annuloplasty ring superior to a semi-rigid or rigid ring in terms of improvement in symptoms and survival? Thorac Surg. 2008 May;7(3):477–84. Epub 2008 Mar 4. pmid:18319323. View 11. Chotivatanapong T. Mitral annuloplasty ring design and selection: Complete semi-rigid is best. .

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Blockchain can reduce fraud in supply chains by securely recording every transaction along the chain. [SEP] Text: If records are correctly uploaded on a blockchain platform, it becomes a single source of truth, and supply chain partners can access relevant information in real-time. 2. 2 Blockchain and supply chain traceabilityThe identification of all transactions and information exchanged within a supply chain, as well as that of all suppliers collaborating in the chain, is becoming a weapon of success: by giving evidence (and therefore enabling tracing) regarding the origins, supply chains are assuming a key role for consumers, who are increasingly interested in knowing the details of products purchased (Morkunas et al. 2019). Authors have debated concerning the interoperability of blockchains with IoT devices (such as the RFID), verifying the benefits of an interconnection between blockchains and IoT identification to track products and processes. The first evidence in this sense comes from food supply chains. For example, we cite the collaboration between the multinational Nestlé and Walmart that have implemented successfully the blockchain developed by IBM (Zelbst et al. 2019). More in general in the food sector the blockchain has demonstrated its important role in ensuring product safety traceability (Rogerso and Parry 2020). The logistics sector also experimented the potential of blockchain technology; distribution companies such as Maersk, UPS, and FedEx have indeed successfully implemented this technology (Kshetri 2018). The implementation of blockchain technology has also proved useful in the pharmaceutical sector, in particular for products that require to be stored and distributed at a controlled temperature (Bamakan et al. 2021). Significant results were also achieved in the humanitarian sector, in which blockchain technology was used for enhancing swift trust, collaboration, and resilience within a humanitarian supply chain setting (Dubey et al. 2020; Baharmand et al. 2021). Real cases of blockchain adoption made it possible to verify and validate the identities of individuals, resources, and products in extended supply chains. Nevertheless, the establishment of traceability for a network is still an open challenge for many companies and sectors due to the difficulty of structuring traceability practices across company boundaries to identify suppliers located internationally (Moretto et al. 2018). In structuring traceability systems, companies must define tools and mechanisms to transmit information, focusing not only on their internal processes but also on complete inter-organizational traceability that can align different supply chain actors and ensure that data is exchanged in a standardized way.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Indoor vertical farms can yield crops year-round, independent of weather conditions. [SEP] Text: 1 Обработка персональных данных Пользователя осуществляется не дольше срока, отвечающего целям обработки персональных данных, любым законным способом, в том числе в информационных системах персональных данных с использованием средств автоматизации или без использования таких средств. 5.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Every insect has a lifespan of at least five years. [SEP] Text: 2021 Oct 22;10:55–57. pmid:34984361; PMCID: PMC8691927. View 12. -Ueda H, Kobayashi J. A 25-year study of chordal replacement with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene in mitral valve repair†. Thorac Surg. 2015 Apr;20(4):463–8; discussion 468. Epub 2014 Dec 29. pmid:25547921 View 13. çois K, Bové T. Comparison of the sustainability of mitral annular dynamics between two semi-rigid annuloplasty devices [published online ahead of print, 2019 Feb 15]. Cardiothorac Surg. 2019;ezz035. pmid:30770923 View 14. Clinical performance of a three-dimensional saddle-shaped, rigid ring for mitral valve repair. Cardiothorac Surg. 2019;55(2):217–223. pmid:29931248 View 15. . Functional and Regurgitation: Fits All? [published online ahead of print, 2019 Sep 23]. Surg. 2019;10. 1055/s-0039–1696989. pmid:31546265 View 16. . Surgical repair of the prolapsing anterior leaflet in degenerative mitral valve disease. J Dis. 2000 Jan;9(1):75–80; discussion 81. pmid:10678378 View 17. to Determine the Length of for Mitral Repair. Surg. 2020 Jul 19:S0003–4975(20)31184-X. Epub ahead of print. pmid:32698022. View 18. Loop neochord versus leaflet resection techniques for minimally invasive mitral valve repair: long-term results. Cardiothorac Surg. 2020 Aug 10:ezaa255. Epub ahead of print. pmid:32776150. View 19. Results for tricuspid valve surgery in adults with congenital heart disease other than Ebstein’s anomaly†. Cardiothorac Surg. 2019 Oct 1;56(4):706–713. pmid:30919906. View 20. The edge-to-edge technique: a simplified method to correct mitral insufficiency.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Blockchain can reduce fraud in supply chains by securely recording every transaction along the chain. [SEP] Text: In most cases, traceability practices along the supply chain have been supported by tags, labels, barcodes, microchips, or radio-frequency identification (RFID), applied to each product (or to each batch), but nowadays, digital tracking technologies are opening new horizons and new possibilities. Blockchains widely enable the tracking of products and service flow among enterprises thanks to the possibility of the access control and activity logging that occurs in all nodes of the supply chain (Chang et al. 2019). Based on this structure composed of nodes, the blockchain represents a weapon that can protect every company involved from fraud and misleading information. Each partner in a supply chain, and every action it performs, are identified and tracked since the blockchain’s architecture ensures the truthfulness of the data stored in it. Not only that, but the blockchain also allows consumers to be protected from commercial fraud by allowing quick identification of original pieces and thus fighting the so-called grey market (i. e. the parallel sales market outside the official circuits of the brand). In this way, the blockchain avoids, or at least reduces, the phenomenon of counterfeits by allowing consumers to verify information (Kshetri 2018). Blockchain technology also allows strengthening communication actions and the advertising campaigns of companies that aim to tell the consumer the story of their products. The blockchain makes it possible to check the history of the product along the entire supply chain and its use is strongly supported by the greater consumer demand for tracked products. According to a recent PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) report (2019), customers are willing to pay 5 to 10% more than the list price to buy traced products. However, although many contributions detail the potential of the blockchain to support traceability systems in some specific contexts (specifically in the food, pharmaceutical, humanitarian, and logistics sectors), empirical evidence in the fashion industry is still fragmentary. Many fashion companies are currently verifying the benefits of this technology for their business and they have not yet moved on to the next operational phase which involves the real implementation of the blockchain technology (Caldarelli et al. 2021). What emerges from the literature review is the potential of this technology in various sectors, and, in the face of the positive results, the fashion industry is working to understand the advantages and limitations of the specific fashion business (Ahmed and MacCarthy 2021).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Indoor vertical farms can yield crops year-round, independent of weather conditions. [SEP] Text: These results may help grape growers to overcome the impacts of rainy and hot climates with the help of protected facilities, and it could enable the use of solar radiation and heat resources in subtropical and tropical areas. is one of the popular fruit crops grown around the world due to its economic importance and the favorable effects on human health. Table grapes are widely produced and consumed in China, which is the largest country that produces table grapes with 9. 2 million tons worldwide, accounting for 34% in 2014. Its production in China occupied 80% of total grape production. By the end of 2016, the viticulture area in China reached 552,000 ha, increasing by 20,000 ha per year. In recent years, Yunnan, Guangxi, Hunan, Zhejiang, Fujian and other southern producing areas have had a strong momentum of development, with a total area of approximately 36. 6% of the country, and 38. 4% of the country’s fresh table grape production. In table grape production, protected cultivation in a vineyard in different regions and climates is currently a commonly used practice with higher water use efficiency and better berry quality because the plastic film covers protect the vines and fruits from adverse conditions like wind, rain, hail, frost, scorching sunlight, pest and diseases (Du et al. , 2015; Genta et al. , 2010; Novello & De Palma, 2008; Roberto, Colombo & De Assis, 2011). This method effectively overcomes the problems of rain, and produces satisfactory economic and social benefits (Sun et al. , 2006; Meng et al. , 2013). The grapevine forms mixed bud with the characteristics of multiple differentiation. Some approaches were conducted to harvest twice a year not only for table grape production but also for good wine production (Dunuyaali, Okamoto & Shimamura (1983); Lin et al. , 1985; Lin, 1987; Favero et al. , 2011; Bai et al. , 2008; Yan et al. , 2014). Recently, for winemaking purposes, the winter fruits in Brazilian showed physicochemical traits more favorable than those from the summer season, because the summer fruits had higher cluster weight and titratable acidity while the winter ones featured a higher total soluble solids (TSS) content and pH value (Junior et al. , 2017; Mitra et al. , 2018).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Bees can recognize individual human faces and remember them forever. [SEP] Text: - Document précédent - Document suivant 42 | 2011Variations tibétaines, Et autres… Résumés de thèses Bernard Charlier, Faces of the Wolf, Faces of the Individual. of Human, Non-in Référence(s) :Thèse de doctorat soutenue le 25 novembre 2010, à l’Université de Cambridge, Département d’anthropologie sociale, Wolfson College. Directrice de thèse : Caroline Humphrey, Professor of Collaborative Anthropology. Texte | Bibliographie | intégral PDF Partager par e-mail 1Le loup n’est pas un « objet » mais une tache aveugle, un interstice entre mots et gestes, symbolisme et matérialisme. Mon analyse ne consiste pas en la description du loup dans tous les aspects de sa vie mais en l’analyse de ses traces éphémères laissées dans les discours et pratiques des éleveurs Dörvöd vivant dans l’ouest de la Mongolie. Le loup est un centre virtuel, un prisme réunissant et réfléchissant de nombreux aspects différents de la vie sociale tels que des formes relationnelles (protection, prédation, transmission et induction) et catégories du sensible (subjectivité, objectivité, temporalité et spatialité). Chacun des cinq chapitres « découpés » dans le flux volatile de la vie quotidienne déplie un aspect du loup et des individus pris ensemble dans une interaction particulière une attaque de loups (Chap. 1), la chasse au loup (Chap. 2, 3), l’utilisation de ses osselets (Chap. 4), et l’analyse de ses trajectoires dans le paysage (Chap. 5).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Blockchain can reduce fraud in supply chains by securely recording every transaction along the chain. [SEP] Text: The first results from the evaluation of blockchain technology in the context of fashion help to underline how this technology can lead to better control of the fashion supply chains, characterized by high levels of internationalization of production and distribution (Agrawal et al. 2021; Ahmed and MacCarthy 2021; Bullón Pérez et al. 2020). The studies identify how the blockchain theme for the fashion sector is closely linked to the goal of improving traceability in all the procurement, production, and distribution of fashion products. The goal of improving traceability in the fashion supply chains is of primary importance for companies in this sector, not only to know the movements of physical products, the real-time stocks in points of sale and distribution warehouses, the progress of the subcontractors' activities but also to verify the sustainability of the entire supply chain, composed of many actors that, with different roles and tasks, cooperate in the creation of collections (Choi and Luo 2019; Wang et al. 2020). The fashion context has yet to be guided towards identifying the benefits and difficulties related to the use of blockchain technology in the fashion sector. Further evidence in the fashion industry is encouraged to analyze the factors that favor (or hinder) the implementation of blockchain technology in extended and complex fashion supply chains (Caldarelli et al. 2021). 3 Research aimsBlockchain technology is not yet widespread among companies, and research is still open to evaluating the new possibilities that blockchains can offer to various industrial sectors (Pólvora et al. 2020). Further research contributions are encouraged to identify the factors that could contribute to, or that may hinder, the implementation of the blockchain within supply chains (Chang et al. 2019; Queiroz and Wamba 2019), in particular in the fashion industry (Choi et al. 2019; Caldarelli et al. 2021; Ahmed and MacCarthy 2021; Agrawal et al. 2021). The overall goal of this research is to address the potential for using blockchain technology in fashion supply chains by considering the specific company variables (i. e. the drivers and the barriers) that would affect its implementation. In particular, the current literature does not clarify which are the factors that a company considers to be facilitators, or which to be obstacles, in their adoption of blockchain technology (Chang et al. 2019; Pólvora et al. 2020; Queiroz and Wamba 2019).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Indoor vertical farms can yield crops year-round, independent of weather conditions. [SEP] Text: However, the approaches could not sustainably produce two crops in the following year. In addition, due to the overlap in fruit in the grapevine (some fruits are maturing while some are still in the fruit-setting stage), it is difficult for the grapevine to provide the nutrients for the development and ripening of fruit. The more berry fruits born in the first season, the fewer yields are obtained in the second harvest. The fruits in the second harvest could not ripen at the same time. In addition, disease and pest control, and other cultural practices are difficult to manage. Thus, the fruit quality from both seasons is poor, though an additional harvest is obtained. An alternative to overcome these problems involves the integrative use of the practice of pruning, defoliation and dormancy-breaking chemicals that induce flower formation after the first crop (Fig. 1). Figure 1: The schematic diagram of two cropping production of grapevine without overlap. Modified from Chen et al. (2017). DB: dormancy breaking. Download full-size image DOI: 10. 7717/peerj. 7412/fig-1 Pruning is one of the most important practices of vine management to obtain consistently good yields and fruit quality in each growing season. The dormant pruning is conducted before the growth begins. As one of the cultural operations conducted in the vineyards, training and pruning has important implication for vine function since it influences the form and size of the vine, the balance between vegetative and fruit growth in the vine, and the quantity and quality of grape production. The ratio between the vegetative organs and crop weight has crucial importance for grape quality, and the ratio can be affected through the retention of different numbers of buds retained at pruning, the variation in shoot numbers, defoliation, or by affecting the cluster number per vine (Silvestroni et al. , 2016; Silvestroni, Lanari & Pallioti, 2018; Frioni et al. , 2016; Palliotti et al. , 2017; Rahmani, Bakhshi & Qolov, 2015; Tassie & Freeman, 2001).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Bees can recognize individual human faces and remember them forever. [SEP] Text: Les questions soulevées dans ces chapitres nourrissent la question principale de mon travail : quel est le rôle du loup dans les façons dont les éleveurs Dörvöd perçoivent, se perçoivent, et interagissent avec leur environnement naturel 2Le loup, en tant qu’ennemi des troupeaux et proie prestigieuse, est au centre de deux relations techniques, l’élevage et la chasse, dotées de caractéristiques cosmologiques particulières. L’étude des relations avec le loup dévoile l’absence d’une cosmologie unifiée et totalisante, systémique, une caractéristique apparaissant déjà dans d’autres travaux (Pedersen 2001, Delaplace 2008). Elle montre, comme l’a remarqué (1996) parmi les Daurs, une variété d’opérations cognitives réflexives et des affirmations morales contrastées, souvent contradictoires, révélant un univers symbolique fragmenté dont l’homogénéité de sens reste évanescente et éphémère. Chaque interaction avec le loup constitue un champ de spéculation où les intérêts particuliers des éleveurs créent des points focaux, des ruptures et inconsistances. Les sphères de causalité mobilisées ne sont pas toujours connectées. Il s’agit dès lors de comprendre les types de liens conceptuels actualisés pour « coudre » temporairement cet univers en lambeaux.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Blockchain can reduce fraud in supply chains by securely recording every transaction along the chain. [SEP] Text: The case study methodology is appropriate when research is exploratory and the phenomenon under investigation is still poorly studied as it offers the opportunity to achieve in-depth results through direct experience (Voss et al. 2002). Multiple case studies are conducted to achieve a depth of information and to increase the external validity of the results (Voss et al. 2002). Although research studies are available regarding the implementation of the blockchain in the financial context, a perspective that considers the implementation of the blockchain in manufacturing supply chains, and more specifically in the fashion industry, is still lacking. 4. 1 Sample selectionThe goal of the study is to investigate how company variables (drivers and barriers) and supply chain variables (enablers and contingent variables) impact the adoption of blockchain technology to improve traceability in the fashion supply chain. The literature suggests that the adoption of blockchain technology might differ strongly in different industries (van Hoek 2019) and that the nature of the industry is one of the most impactful variables for supply chains (Treiblmaier 2018). For this reason, the sample used in this paper is homogeneous in terms of industry, and the fashion industry was selected as this industry is consistently working on the improvement of product traceability at the supply chain level (Choi 2019). The reasons for this attention are several. First, the phenomenon of counterfeiting heavily afflicts this industry. In addition, companies are increasingly interested in verifying their supply chain partners for purposes of social and environmental sustainability (Moretto et al. 2018; Mukherjee et al. 2021). Furthermore, this industry is already investigating the possible contribution of blockchain technology for achieving these goals. The blockchain is, therefore, becoming a tool for protecting companies in this context (Choi and Luo 2019; Fu et al. 2018). To mention a few examples, companies such as Levi’s, Tommy Hilfiger, and LVMH are already evaluating or implementing blockchain technologies. For these reasons, the fashion supply chain is an interesting context in which to study the potential of blockchain technology (Agrawal et al. 2018). Simultaneously, the sample is heterogeneous in terms of the types of actors included, as both focal companies and the providers of blockchain technology were included. The former were all interested in the adoption of the blockchain system within their supply chain. In particular, focal companies were included to get the perspective of supply chain decision-makers.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Indoor vertical farms can yield crops year-round, independent of weather conditions. [SEP] Text: The fruit ripening of the summer crop occurred from late May to July, while the fruit ripening of the winter crop occurred from November to January in the following year. The yield of the summer and winter crops of 2-age, 3-age, 4-age and 5-age of ‘Summer Black’ vine was 13. 09 and 6. 57 Ton/ha in 2013, 16. 78 and 8. 28 Ton/ha in 2014, 20. 20 and 8. 67 Ton/ha in 2015, 18. 91 and 11. 76 Ton/ha in 2016, respectively. The total yield in a calendar year went up accordingly with the increase in tree age (Fig. 6). The yield ratio of the winter to summer crops should be maintained from 2:5 to 3:5, and the total annual yield should be at 30 tons/ha of 5-age vine to ensure the sustainable production of two harvests without overlap for grape (Fig. 7). Figure 7: Comparison in the yield between two crops without overlap in a year. Download full-size image DOI: 10. 7717/peerj. 7412/fig-7 plays a key role in sprouting inflorescence Pruning is one of the key cultural practices that influence inflorescence sprouting, yield and fruit quality in grape production. In tropical and subtropical countries, removing old leaves at pruning was necessary to ensure good bud bursting for some fruit trees because the old grape leaves contained a high level of abscisic acid in the autumn, which is known to control the dormancy of the axillary bud (Dunuyaali, Okamoto & Shimamura, 1983). In this study, pruning severity impacted the sprouting inflorescence not only in the summer crop but also in the winter crop. Retaining 5–8 winter buds in base branch at pruning resulted in significantly higher percentage of sprouting inflorescence than that with 2–3 buds. While retaining 7–10 summer buds at pruning led to significantly higher percentage of sprouting inflorescences than that with 5-6 buds, demonstrating that the shoot with the summer buds sprouting inflorescence after pruning more than that with winter the buds. Chemical defoliation dominates vegetative growth, and enables the vine to re-sprout flower The grapevine is a temperate deciduous fruit tree.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Bees can recognize individual human faces and remember them forever. [SEP] Text: Quel est le statut éthique du loup et quel est son rôle dans l’établissement de liens conceptuels au sein d’un univers symbolique hétérogène 3Le loup n’est pas vraiment une personne même s’il partage avec elle un potentiel vital (hijmor’) qui peut être approprié lors de la chasse et il n’est pas vraiment un esprit même s’il est perçu comme le chien domestique du maître surnaturel du terroir, transcendant et omnipotent. À la fois sur-humain et pas assez humain – ses entrailles ne peuvent être consommées sous peine d’anthropophagie indirecte (il peut toujours avoir consommé de la chair humaine) – il habite les marges, les entre-deux et se joue des discontinuités paradigmatiques (domestique/sauvage, nature/surnature, visible/invisible, intériorité/extériorité, volontaire/involontaire, etc. ), c’est un passeur. Les discours divers et contradictoires, véritables disséminations, repoussent toute tentative de l’enfermer dans la clôture d’un sens unique et totalisant, eschatologique. Les opinions et les pratiques le constituent en être hybride, composite, en une « synthèse disjonctive » virtuellement compliquée. D’un point de vue analytique le loup considéré dans son ensemble synthétise des prédicats contradictoires : moral/excessif, surnaturel/animal, domestique/sauvage. Il rassemble ces incompatibilités a-logiques et les fait coexister selon une relation d’implication asymétrique et réciproque.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Blockchain can reduce fraud in supply chains by securely recording every transaction along the chain. [SEP] Text: Within the fashion supply chain, the important changes and investments will be driven by the focal company, which will push the rest of the chain in the same direction. For this research, seven focal companies were interviewed to discuss the roles and the responsibilities involved in the blockchain project in their company. This part of the sample was homogeneous in terms of size, as it is generally only large companies that are evaluating blockchain projects and have the financial resources to afford this kind of project. Furthermore, these companies are strong enough to influence the rest of the supply chain. Only brand owners were included in the sample. All the companies in the sample were either implementing or evaluating the implementation of blockchain technology to meet their traceability goals; the reason why we decided to include companies that are both implementing and evaluating the technology is that the former is potentially more aware of the enablers and contingent variables whereas the latter of drivers and barriers. The companies are considered anyhow comparable as implementing companies are mainly in the early stage in the project whereas evaluating companies have been working on these proposals for a certain amount of time, so data and perception are comparable. This choice of the sample will make it possible to achieve a full understanding of the drivers and barriers and also the supply chain variables that influence the adoption of blockchain technology in the fashion industry. In addition to representatives from the fashion industry, blockchain providers are included in the sample to introduce the perspective of actors who are in the position to talk with several companies, and who have a breadth of perspective on the main drivers, barriers, enablers, and contingent variables addressed by their customers. The providers were asked to present their understanding of the viewpoints of their fashion customers. For the providers to be eligible for the research, they needed to work explicitly with fashion companies. This part of the sample is heterogeneous in terms of company size, as both large companies and small startups are emerging to support fashion companies in their adoption of blockchain technology. Five blockchain providers were interviewed for the study, and they spoke from the position of the technology expert and also from the perspective of sales and commercial managers who are in contact with customers in the fashion industry. A total of 12 case studies were thus included in the research (Tables 1 and 2): five technology providers who support companies in blockchain implementation and seven focal companies that are evaluating blockchain implementation in their respective supply chains. The number of case studies is considered sufficient to reach saturation (Yin 2003).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Indoor vertical farms can yield crops year-round, independent of weather conditions. [SEP] Text: The two harvests without an overlap system in a calendar year could overcome the impact of rainy and hot climates with the help of protected facilities, and it could utilize the solar radiation and heat resource in subtropical and tropical areas. new cultivation system of two crops a year required that there was no overlap in both flowers and fruits. The system could increase the yield and fruit quality, extend the supply of fresh fruits from the late spring to summer, autumn and winter, successfully regulate the table fruit market, extend the time for grape production for 4-5 months, stagger the peak of the market and promote the agricultural development of the facilities. Percentage of sprouting flower and fruit quality between two crops DOI: 10. 7717/peerj. 7412/supp-1 The authors would like to thank Mr. for his invaluable help and assistance. Qiu is employed by. , Ltd. , and is employed by Jiu’an Company of Taiwan. performed the experiments, analyzed the data, prepared figures and/or tables. contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools. conceived and designed the experiments, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, approved the final draft. following information was supplied relating to field study approvals (i. e. , approving body and any reference numbers): Field study was approved by the authority of Orchard who manages the vineyard where the experiments were conducted (approval #01). The following information was supplied regarding data availability: The raw data are provided in a Supplemental File. work was part of the for Science and of FAFU (KF2015109) and the ‘Social service team’ Project of FAFU (11899170108). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 2019. Postharvest light irradiation and appropriate temperature treatment increase anthocyanin accumulation in grape berry skin. and Technology 147:89-99. 2008. One-year-two-harvest cultural technique system for Kyoho grape in Southern region of Guangxi. Journal of 21:953-955 Burnett JJ. 1985. Advancing ripening of table grapes. Grower 35:281-283. 2017. Dissecting the variations of ripening progression and flavonoid metabolism in grape berries grown under double cropping system. Frontiers in 8:1912. 1995.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Bees can recognize individual human faces and remember them forever. [SEP] Text: Les contradictions ne sont pas résolues ou « dissoutes » au sein d’un ordre supérieur, ce qui les rendrait équivalentes et identiques, elles restent au contraire différentielles et interchangeables (Deleuze 1969). En d’autres mots le loup n’est pas la somme des oppositions qu’il mobilise mais il est toutes les oppositions à la fois. Il est domestique et sauvage, naturel et surnaturel, moral et a-moral. Seul un contexte d’interaction particulier (attaque/chasse/port d’osselet/trajectoire dans le paysage) actualise un type de discours et d’opinions plutôt qu’un autre. Le loup réunit des différences internes qui sont autant de distances entre des points de vue, et face à lui l’éleveur devient herméneute les attaques de loups sont-elles l’œuvre de leur maître surnaturel Ou les loups agissent-ils selon leurs propres intentionnalités Car l’« animal » n’est jamais définitivement domestiqué, toujours susceptible d’agir pour son propre compte, d’échapper à l’autorité de son maître. Son appétit vorace pour la chair crue et son autonomie l’excluent définitivement du genre humain. 4L’argument principal de ma thèse est qu’au sein d’un univers symbolique hétérogène, il est un opérateur de sens dont la valeur réside dans son potentiel sémiotique.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Blockchain can reduce fraud in supply chains by securely recording every transaction along the chain. [SEP] Text: Table 3 Drivers towards blockchain technologyFull size tableThe first group concerns internal drivers, meaning the reasons that push the individual company to implement blockchain technology. In particular, companies presented either efficiency- or effectiveness-oriented reasons for their adoption of the blockchain. These companies highlighted strongly the benefits expected in terms of reduction of costs to be achieved through greater business efficiency (in terms of the reduction of insurance costs or bureaucracy costs), generally to be achieved through an extensive process of automation. Several companies also emphasized as important the need to reduce the cost of compliance. This was expressed by the manager of Provider 2, who reported: ‘Goffredo there is a district where 60% of European socks are produced. One of the most interesting topics that came up with them is the management of compliance. Each of these companies, of which many are subcontractors for other brands like Zara, have a series of certificates that [they] must produce. But they come to need 15 different certificates for each company, so every 2/3 days they have an audit, which involves dedicating people and wasting time. This is a big problem for them because the certifications are different, but they also have many common points. Maybe they have to produce one for a brand and a similar one for another brand. Thanks to a blockchain and a smart contract, they could reduce these kinds of costs’. The cost of compliance was probably the most frequently cited driver for the blockchain, and also in the literature. This driver was cited by all the providers, illustrating that this is the main point emphasized by the providers in terms of what matters to their customers. This point, especially in the fashion industry, could represent an important element especially for smaller companies, with several customers and request to accomplish. Although this driver was strongly presented in the case studies, and especially by the providers, it is interesting that several other drivers were also emphasized. In terms of the internal drivers, several case studies spoke of the importance of using blockchain technology to increase effectiveness, in particular, due to improvements in the decision-making process, as information is always required immediately and must be easily available. This was supported by an additional driver linked to data integrity and data safety, as companies need to be sure of the validity of the data that they use for decision-making. This driver is, anyhow, not specific to the industry, but presented also in literature as one of the main advantages of the blockchain technology independently from the area of application.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Vertical farming will completely replace traditional agriculture within the next decade. [SEP] Text: trends in agriculture vertical farming and organic farming Submit manuscript. . . Advances in eISSN: 2373-6402 Plants & Review 144. DOI: 10. 15406/apar. 2014. 01. 00023 in the field of science and technology along with the global urbanization are the major factors driving the course and evolution of agricultural research. Rise in per capita income in developing nations, occupational changes and global linkages have changed the food p9. 15billion by 2050, thus the expected rate of increase in world population will be 2. 25 percent over the next forty years1 and thus provides for a potentially huge market for food grains and food production needs to be doubled to meet this demand. It is projected that to feed the global population by 2050 require 70 percent increase in global food production with food production from developing countries needs to be doubled. 2 Environmental stress (climate change) and shortage of water and land resources are major constraints haunting this task. Though the advances in science and information technology has resulted in more comfortable world with global linkages, these advances has led to changes in agricultural practices. In recent past production and productivity of crops have increased along with the increase in fertilizer and pesticide consumption, this trend is more conspicuous in developed and industrial countries with developing countries like China have made their presence felt by around 2 fold increase in cereal yield since 1961. In developing countries, due to lack of financial resources and knowledge of technical advancements farmers are unable to shift to practices of modern intensive agriculture3 and hence remain isolated from global linkages. Increase in long distance food trade, diet changes and increase in the food based retail industries are the indicators, suggesting that globalization has affected food systems world-wide. 4 At the same time these trends have created a concern for environmental problems as excessive use of chemicals is not desirable in agriculture for preservation of environment, biodiversity and soil quality. Thus, increasing global trade and easy accesses to chemical and technology has contributed to changes in agricultural systems. Recent trend in agriculture has seen rise in organic agriculture, vertical farming and intensive agriculture to accommodate the demands of increasing world population and address the rising concern for environmental issues. Vertical farming shall help in meeting the food & other demands of the rapidly growing urban population. On the other hand organic farming will help in increasing the harmony between the environment and anthropogenic activities done for agriculture.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Bees can recognize individual human faces and remember them forever. [SEP] Text: Connecteur-disjoncteur opérant à différents niveaux conceptuels et ontologiques, le loup est interprété comme un complexe de signes attirant l’attention selon les circonstances sur ses dimensions constitutives indicielles et iconiques. Que signifie voir un loup, être vu par lui, ou son maître surnaturel, être sa victime, son prédateur Quelles attitudes réflexives génère-t-il chez l’éleveur Que recouvrent les notions de « potentiel vital » (hijmor’), de « mérite » (bujan) et de « grâce » (hišig) dans de tels contextes L’« économie » des relations entre ces concepts dévoile une méta-relation d’inclusion entre protection, prédation et induction qui est analysée dans les trois premiers chapitres respectivement intitulés : « From victim to giver : interpreting the attacks of wolves and revealing a morality », « Hunting the wolf for ‘wind horses’ and revealing the individual », « ‘Everything and the contrary’ : between morality and ethics, balance and excess, humanity and animality, what is the wolf ». Les idées de « don », de « dispositif », de « jeux de vérité », de « jeux de vision » et d’« éthique » en constituent les trames conceptuelles principales. 5Les visages du loup, leurs référents multiples, divisés, stratifiés, feuilletés, toujours entrelacés, en font une anamorphose – une discontinuité continue – propice au tissage d’analogies, et dont seule l’expérience de l’interaction détermine un point de vue singulier sur l’animal et sur soi-même.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Blockchain can reduce fraud in supply chains by securely recording every transaction along the chain. [SEP] Text: However, the most recurrent driver, specific to fashion products, is the possibility of reducing counterfeit products. This was highlighted by almost all the focal companies, all of whom are potentially strongly impacted by this issue. Provider 2 gave an example of this when they reported that one of their customers had suffered damage due to counterfeit products that equaled 10% of their total revenue. FC3 reported: ‘We are part of a blockchain project sponsored by the government. The main reason why the government pushed this project was a willingness to protect Made in Italy’. This is a relevant driver for the industry, that was also mentioned for example for food products in other domains. The second group of drivers pertains to external drivers and includes the supply chain drivers, where other supply chain actors play an important role. This is a perspective just partially investigated in existing literature, for example considering the logistics industry. The first group of supply chain drivers concerns the willingness to increase visibility along the overall chain, thanks to the trust demonstrated in the sharing of data among different actors. This was expressed by Provider 1: ‘I think generally, a blockchain is solving a problem of trust. It is solving a problem in which multiple different actors, within a specific kind of system, whether it is a supply chain system, or whether it is a government, like a political system, or different kind of social system, where different actors have incentives to anticipate in the system and some of the actors have incentives to cheat, not be transparent, maybe gain more out of the system. Blockchain essentially enforces trust onto a system so individual actors can’t take advantage or manipulate the system for their advantage’. What the blockchain does is create controlled data shared by multiple companies. Every company has its information system, making incorrect data modifications impossible. The blockchain makes possible a process in which multiple organizations interact with each other and, at the same time, it ensures that only correct data are exchanged through this interaction. Data are stored on the blockchain in a way that means they are non-falsifiable and cannot be tampered with. The reason for the blockchain increasing trust is not that data are automatically true, but that accountability for what is reported is clear.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Vertical farming will completely replace traditional agriculture within the next decade. [SEP] Text: Vertical farming Concept of vertical farming was given by Professor Despommier;5 the farm uses conventional farming methods such as hydroponics and aeroponics to produce more yields faster. Vertical farming can be defined generically as a system of commercial farming whereby plants, animals, fungi and other life forms are cultivated for food, fuel, fiber or other products or services by artificially stacking them vertically above each other. Vertical farming is large scale agriculture in urban high rise structures. The concept foresees the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, medicinal, fuel producing plants and other plant products in the cities. 6 (www. verticalfarms. com. au) and their sales directly within the cities, thereby reducing the transportation costs and efficient utilization of land and water resources. 6 Vertical farming is a step ahead technology from green houses as it involves harnessing of resources in vertical arrays and can feed the demands of food supply with the resources of mega cities. Vertical farming includes three types of farming: Phrase vertical farming was used by Bailey in his book “Vertical Farming” in 1915. He discussed the utopian concept of vertical farming. He introduced the concept of underground vertical farming, presently followed in Netherlands. 7 In the second category, Vertical farming is done in open air or in mixed use sky scrapers for climate control and consumption. This is a sustainable type of farming for personal or community use and it may not be for commercial purposes. A modified form of this concept involves cultivation of crops in the periphery of sky scrapers to provide them ambient amount of light. Third category involves cultivation of plant and animals in the sky scrappers in the closed system for large scale cultivation. These systems under trials at various locations (Singapore, Canada, London). A vertical farm of 9300 m2 (roughly the size of a city block) with 30 stories should provide around 15,000 people with 2000 kcal of nutrition per day. 6 Advantages of vertical farming Increase in production and availability in crops: This farming technology confirms crop production all year-round irrespective of the environmental conditions. According to “The encyclopedia of earth, 2010” A 30 storey high building with a basal area of 5 acres (2. 02ha) has the potential of producing crop yield equivalent to 2,400 acres (971. 2ha) of traditional horizontal farming. Expressed in ratio, this means that 1 high-rise farm is equal to 480 traditional horizontal farms.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Bees can recognize individual human faces and remember them forever. [SEP] Text: Interagir d’une manière ou d’une autre avec un loup ne dévoile pas tant une perception de l’environnement que sa propre position en son sein. « Les loups n’attaquent le bétail que des mauvais éleveurs », « Seules les personnes au bon cœur (sajhan setgeltej) peuvent abattre un loup ». Les éleveurs, exclusivement les hommes, pris dans un jeu de miroir avec le loup, valorisent dans l’animal certains attributs identitaires qu’ils s’approprient à travers la chasse : le courage, l’autonomie, l’intelligence, la force, la résistance. Cette vision idéale de la virilité contraste avec les défauts reconnus au loup, ses mauvaises intentions – il reste un voleur de bétail sans retenue, un « animal mal-intentionné » (muu sanaataj am’tan). L’excès du loup trouve son pendant dans l’attitude prédatrice des hommes à son égard, « plus on tue de loups, mieux c’est, cela apporte le respect et du hijmor’ », les louveteaux et les femelles sont également chassés sans aucune forme de considération éthique, contrairement à d’autres animaux – « le chasseur peut toujours remercier le maître surnaturel du terroir pour sa prise plus tard ». Le loup, en tant que chien domestique du maître du terroir témoigne d’une relation à l’environnement essentiellement hiérarchique, mais en tant que gibier, il devient la figure de sa transgression.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Blockchain can reduce fraud in supply chains by securely recording every transaction along the chain. [SEP] Text: In particular, some consumers are especially interested in buying from open companies, and so the companies are willing to demonstrate the validity of what they offer in terms of the quality of the product, its authenticity, the features of the products, etc. This topic emerges as particularly critical in this industry, due to the strong scandals that happened in the past. On the one hand, the application of the blockchain to the production portion of the supply chain will make it possible to verify exactly which actors collaborate in the production of a product, with evident benefits in terms of product authenticity and also the protection of social and environmental sustainability (for instance by ensuring the origin of raw materials purchased at the international level). It enables the suppliers to be controlled in a more precise way as regards the stringent laws in the environmental field and concerning guarantees that must be provided about child labor and more generally, about the safety and contracts of their workers. On the other hand, the blockchain will make it possible to follow the products during all their distribution steps all across the world. This will guarantee the authenticity of the products available in shops, and it will also work as a certification for consumers. Focal companies, in particular, are reinforcing the importance of using technology to support the story and the validity of the history of their products. This perspective is comparable to what is presented also in the literature about food products. In terms of the retailers, they may push companies towards a more transparent approach and so the focal companies will need to respond to these requests. This is mainly achieved through accountability towards the end consumer. A good example was reported by Provider 1: ‘I think that money is the main driver for the economic sustainability. And so, it might not be the customers like you and me, but it might be the customer like the big department stores. Maybe these department stores don’t want to work more with you. Creating more transparency, people can make better decisions on where they source’. Thirdly, several companies presented the coherence of this approach by providing typical critical success factors (CSFs) of fashion companies, especially the high-end ones, such as telling the story, increasing brand awareness, and presenting the company as innovative and open towards its consumers. Proof of the products’ authenticity will add further security to the claims made by the brands: it will assure the consumers that information on the final product and certifications are verified by the company and its suppliers.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Vertical farming will completely replace traditional agriculture within the next decade. [SEP] Text: Production of organic crops: Vertical farming will facilitate production of organic crops in large scale production. Further, adoption of this technology will help in reduction in use of chemical pesticides. Conservation and recycling of natural resources: The vertical farming technology includes hydroponics and aeroponics which consumes very less amount of water than utilized in the conventional agriculture. Thus, helps in conservation and recycling of the water resources. Further, urban sewage waste can be used in composted and recycled form in vertical farming, which will further help in recycling of the resources. Environment friendly: Vertical farming will reduce the dependency on land resources and help in regrowth of forests. Further, due to less use of equipments, it will lead to decrease in CO2 emission, thus help in conservation of the environment. Sustainable urban growth: Vertical farming, applied with a holistic approach in combination with other technologies, will help urban areas to absorb the expected rise in population and yet still remain food sufficient. However, traditional farming will continue because many crops are not suited to indoor farming. Key issues challenging the adoption of vertical farming are Uniform practices cannot be adopted for vertical farming due to variable weather conditions in different regions of the world. Lack of crop varieties suitable for the vertical farming. This aspect needs immediate attention from the researchers, as in the absence of suitable varieties adoption of this technique will be difficult. Lack of knowledge and skills required for farming practices in urban populations. Organic farming Organic farming also known as ecological agriculture8 or biodynamic agriculture,9 works in harmony with nature i. e. the agricultural practices followed in organic agriculture do not cause any harm to the environment. Due to eco-friendly nature of the organic farming it is considered as an viable alternative in comparison to chemical based farming, in a scenario where excessive use of chemical based fertilizers and pesticides have raised the concerns for ecotoxicity and health hazards. 10–12 Nutrient management in organic agriculture is based on agronomic practices like crop rotations, soil fertility building via nitrogen and nutrient recycling using organic material like crop residues, farmyard manure and minimization of use of chemical based fertilizers. 13 Control of pest populations in organic farming relies on use of resistant crops, crop rotation, increase in predators for natural control of the pests and increase in genetic diversity along with the judicious use of water resources and animal husbandry.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Bees can recognize individual human faces and remember them forever. [SEP] Text: Chien-loup, éleveur-chasseur, les « natures » sont multiples et sur l’échiquier des prédateurs l’homme est toujours gagnant, le loup demeure une anamorphose incomplète, un hologramme brisé échouant indéfiniment au seuil de l’humanité. 6Ses qualités appropriées sont figurées à travers le port de ses osselets à la taille par les hommes. Le quatrième chapitre intitulé « Extending bodies, concealing and revealing persons through wolves’ ankle bones and other objects kept near the body » concerne une perception particulière du corps de l’homme, de la femme, de l’enfant et de l’aîné. S’y dessine une vision du corps fragmentée où l’éleveur entretient avec certains objets qui l’entourent, qu’il porte (ceinture, bol, manteau, chapeau, tabatière, osselet de loup, peau de loup) une relation d’entrelacs (opposition et inclusion réciproque générant une contiguïté d’effet) démultipliant la frontière de son corps physique. Toujours susceptible de se disperser, le corps de l’homme (spécialement celui des aînés) est encerclé, fermé, par les osselets de loups, la chaleur de sa peau et la « force » de son sang que seuls les aînés et les malades peuvent boire cru. Les femmes, surtout les femmes enceintes, ne peuvent porter des osselets de loups, encore moins en boire le sang, car elles ne pourraient accoucher. Et puis le hijmor’ du loup est une histoire d’hommes.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Blockchain can reduce fraud in supply chains by securely recording every transaction along the chain. [SEP] Text: This helps in the prevention of false claims and includes the field of sustainability where the risk of ‘greenwashing’ is always present (concerning both environmental aspects and social sustainability). This is a point strongly stressed especially by focal companies, willing to find new levers to differentiate proper sustainability and just minimal levers. These results are summarized in the following research proposition: RP1: The implementation of blockchain technology to improve traceability along the fashion supply chain is driven by three main groups of factors: to increase internal efficiency and effectiveness at the process level, to be aligned with the requests emerging at the fashion supply chain level, and to increase the level of trust communicated to end consumers and fashion retailers. 5. 2 Barriers to blockchain technologyBridging the digital and physical worlds by making the products’ path accessible to the customers through a blockchain system is not easy in any situation, and this is why some of the barriers are discussed here. The within-case analysis enabled two main groups of barriers to be identified: those that were strongly linked to the technology and those that were more oriented to cultural approaches and to the readiness of the industry to accept this new way of working. The former was mainly described by the providers, who saw the technology as the critical element, whereas the focal companies were more focused on industry-specific elements. This result could depend on the sample composition: focal companies are already implementing in the late stage of evaluation of the technology, thereby being quite sure of the willingness to introduce this technology. On the contrary, technology providers have the perspective of both adopters and not adopters and in this case, technological barriers appear more relevant and complicated to overcome. The cross-case analysis was performed considering these different approaches and it is summarized in Table 4. Table 4 Barriers to blockchain technologyFull size tableThe first group of barriers is technology-specific. First, was the theme of the investments needed to support the development of a blockchain system as the blockchain is still perceived as an expensive technology. This was particularly regarded as an issue due to the risk that it would increase the costs of the final product. For example, FC5 said, ‘The reason why blockchain is deeply discussed within my company is that the cost is still particularly high, especially in comparison to other traceability systems.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Vertical farming will completely replace traditional agriculture within the next decade. [SEP] Text: The constraints in achieving this task are: limiting land and water resources along with the degradation of the environmental health due to excessive use of chemicals for nutrition and pest management in agriculture. Anthropogenic activities for development have resulted in further degradation of environment and have spurred the rate of climate change. Global efforts have been initiated for reducing the effects of climate change on earth in general and agriculture in particular. These steps should be complimented with the innovations in production techniques employed in agriculture and also scientific utilization of the indigenous knowledge which is proven as more sustainable. The two different methodologies of agriculture elaborated above can be integrated in the current agriculture system without many disturbances and can be adopted on a global scale. Vertical farming, which is a recent concept in agriculture, has great potential considering the falling land resources for agriculture due extensive urbanization and increase in per capita income of the developing nations. The methodology though a new concept for the developing nation, is of great promise and can efficiently meet the challenge in terms of quantity, quality and variety. Organic farming on the other hand is a well known concept in agriculture, but requires further exploration and integration of scientific knowledge for incorporation in the main stream agriculture to feed the growing demands. These two different methodologies, with separate principles are promising avenues for global agriculture and require further exploration in terms research and integration in main stream for healthier environment and well fed world. Conclusion Thus, in conclusion changing demographic trends and technological advancements are delivering new innovations in the field of agriculture. These emerging technologies are required to be used judiciously to meet the growing demands from modern agriculture. Vertical farming and organic farming can be adopted as the viable alternatives for the conventional agriculture to meet the changing demands and needs of mankind. Further, constraints in adoption of such practices should be addressed and linkages between researchers and farmers should be created for suitable measures. Acknowledgements None. Conflicts of interest The author declares no conflict of interest. 03. Rome, FAO; 2002. Global trends in agriculture and food systems. In: Halberg N, et al. editors. Global development of organic agriculture: challenges and promises. UK: CAB International; 2005. www. verticalfarms. com. au www. verticalfarms. com. au Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and organic farming. Agriculture, ecosystems and environment. 2006;113(1-4): 17-35. Lampkin N. Organic Farming.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Bees can recognize individual human faces and remember them forever. [SEP] Text: L’agentivité des objets gardés près du corps se développe selon des modalités différentes analysées dans la conclusion du chapitre : « Predation, transmission and ‘agency’ ». 7Dans le dernier chapitre « Between surfaces and depths, actions and transformations, contours and tensions : no homeland for the wolf », la relation au paysage, et plus particulièrement au pays natal (nutag) est analysée. Le loup, contrairement à certains herbivores (bouquetins, béliers, cerfs) est considéré comme n’ayant pas de pays natal. Au-delà des liens métaphoriques idéaux entre humains et non-humains, sa position, ou plutôt son manque de position dans le paysage, génère une réflexion sur les statuts éthiques, ontologiques, de l’homme, de la femme et de l’aîné dans le pays natal. A contrario, le loup figure plusieurs limites. Que signifie avoir un pays natal Ses limites sont-elles subjectives et/ou objectives Quels types de liens l’appartenance exige-t-elle Comment se développent-ils Quelles en sont les conséquences pratiques Ici le paysage, les individus, ne sont pas abordés en terme de point de vue mais de limites, notionnelles (« limite-tension ») et formelles (« limite-contour ») analysées en relation avec les idées d’« actions », de « transformations » et d’« induction ». Le loup, « funambule », figure plusieurs frontières, oscillant entre la norme et sa transgression, l’encerclement du corps et sa dispersion, la clôture d’un espace et sa ligne de fuite. Haut de page Bibliographie Delaplace, G.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Blockchain can reduce fraud in supply chains by securely recording every transaction along the chain. [SEP] Text: In this group, four main elements could be identified, which are consistent with the literature about supply chain complexity. First, the size of the company matters, but the impact of this factor is controversial from the companies’ points of view. On the one hand, the blockchain may offer its strongest contribution when small suppliers are involved, as their inclusion is critical to providing reliable and trustworthy data. On the other hand, these companies are also those where the industry-specific above are stronger, and so the possibility of involving them is more challenging. The second element concerns the number of nodes involved: some companies indicated that the higher the number of nodes involved the higher the safety of the blockchain system. This is confirmed by the fact that it is easier to verify the validity of data provided when the number of actors involved is low, as it is easy to use alternative methods. At the same time, other companies pointed out that when the number of nodes to be involved is high, the complexity in implementing the technology and therefore the related costs increase, thereby reducing the feasibility of the project. Thirdly, the globalization of the supply chain was considered and discussed. Here again, contrasting opinions were given as some companies said that the more global the supply chain, the more difficult but also necessary it became to provide reliable information to the consumers. This is something very peculiar for this industry and with the sample analyzed, considering that all the focal companies considering present a high level of upstream and downstream globalization, as illustrated in Table 2. Again, in terms of the number of nodes involved, the more global the supply chain, the higher the costs of the technology. Finally, the level of vertical integration was mentioned. In keeping with the opinions reported regarding the number of nodes involved, the contribution of the blockchain is higher if the level of vertical integration is low, as within a single company other methods, such as the more traditional centralized database, are sufficient. According to these insights, the following research proposition was formulated: RP3: Supply chain complexity influences the implementation of blockchain technology to increase traceability as the higher the supply chain complexity (in terms of size of the companies involved, number of nodes, globalization of the fashion supply chain, and level of vertical integration) the higher is the relevance of traceability along the fashion supply chain, but also the higher is the difficulty in implementing the blockchain technology. The second contingent variable relates to the type of relationship existing between the supply chain partners.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of indoor farms can produce any crop regardless of climate needs. [SEP] Text: , combinations of crop enterprises) to actual or expected CCV (Stewart et al. , 1998; Smit et al. , 2000; Walther et al. , 2002; Spittlehouse & Stewart, 2003; Antle et al. , 2004; Easterling et al. , 2004; Inkley et al. , 2004). Most previous studies of CCV impacts on agriculture: (1) focus on how CCV is likely to impact regional or national crop yields; (2) do not consider CCV impacts on net farm income; and (3) do not evaluate the extent to which adapting crop enterprises and farms to CCV reduces adverse impacts of CCV. Because crop farming is a business, crop farmers need to consider the potential impacts of CCV on their financial returns; particularly impacts on crop enterprise net returns and net farm income. Advertisement 2. ObjectivesThe objectives of this 3. Previous researchSeveral studies have examined how climate change might affect agriculture. Reilly (2002) used the and Canadian climate models to estimate potential impacts of climate change on 2030-2090 crop yields for the entire US. He found that future climate change could result in: (1) higher yields for cotton, corn for grain and silage, soybeans, sorghum, barley, sugar beets, and citrus fruits; (2) higher or lower yields for wheat, rice, oats, hay, sugarcane, potatoes, and tomatoes, depending on the climate scenario; (3) large increases in average grain yields for the northern half of the Midwest, West, and Pacific Northwest; (4) depending on the climate scenario and time period, either increases or decreases in crop yields in other regions of the US; and (5) large reductions in crop yields in the South and for climate scenarios with low precipitation and substantial warming. For the States, Brown and Rosenberg (1997) simulated the impacts of climate change on crop yields and water use under different future climate scenarios using the Environmental/Climate (EPIC) model (Williams et al. , 1989). In a similar study, Izaurralde et al. (2003) used the EPIC model to evaluate the potential impacts of climate change on US crop yields, yield variability, incidence of various crop stress factors, evapotranspiration, and national crop production.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Bees can recognize individual human faces and remember them forever. [SEP] Text: 2008 L’invention des morts. Sépultures, fantômes et photographie en Mongolie contemporaine (Paris, Centre d’et Sibériennes/EPHE, Nord-Asie). Deleuze, G. 1969 Logique du sens (Paris, de Minuit). Humphrey, C. , Onon, U. 1996 Shamans and Elders. Experience, Knowledge, and Power among the (Oxford, Press). Pedersen, M. A. 2001 Totemism, Animism and Indigenous Ontologies, Journal of the Institute, 7, 427. Haut de page Pour citer cet 2024. URL : DOI : de page Droits d’auteur Le texte et les autres éléments (illustrations, fichiers annexes importés), sont « Tous droits réservés », sauf mention contraire. Haut de page Sommaire - Document précédent - Document suivant Auteur Mots-clés Géographique Thématique Population Numéros en texte intégral 55 | 2024III. Dynamics of Relations and Interaction, suivi de Varia 54 | 2023Logics, Stakes and Limits of Transmission in China, Russia and Mongolia, followed by Varia 53 | 2022Figurations chamaniques. Écritures, dessins et broderies de Haute Asie, suivi de Varia 52 | 2021Points of Transition. Ovoo and the of Religious, Ecological, and in Inner Asia, suivi de Varia 51 | 2020à travers les âges. Un volume d’histoire de l’art et d’archéologie, suivi de Varia 50 | 2019Animals in the religion and culture of the 49 | 2018Relations humains-environnement en Sibérie et en Chine du Nord-Est.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Blockchain can reduce fraud in supply chains by securely recording every transaction along the chain. [SEP] Text: To mitigate the barriers related to the cost of the technology while exploiting the drivers related to customers, there is greater potential when the technology is adopted for high-end products. This is a typical relevant variable for the industry, in discriminating among several strategic decisions. According to these insights, the following research proposition was formulated: RP5: Blockchain technology is easier to implement in a regulated industry, such as the fashion one, where there is a strong need for traceability, which is not yet achieved, and for high-end products. 6. 2 Supply chain enablers for blockchain technologyIn terms of the enablers, the cases highlighted that some elements can make strengthen or ease the impact of both drivers and barriers on the implementation of blockchain technology. In particular, the case studies highlighted how essential it is for fashion companies to evaluate the application of blockchains first of all, in guaranteeing the traceability of their products. Knowing where products come from and what paths they have taken before arriving in the stores is useful both for brands, to check their supply chain, and for the customers who get additional information on the product purchased. The major goal for the application of the blockchain in the field of fashion, therefore, becomes to trace and retrace every single passage of a product, from the raw materials until the final store. The blockchain is not only a tool that facilitates traceability, but it also enables the sharing of data. Most of the companies agreed that a proper supply chain traceability system should be in place, whether the companies wanted to exploit the benefits of blockchain technology. This was a point of agreement between the providers and the focal companies and differed from the initial expectations that the use of the blockchain was to foster traceability along the supply chain. This result is not always completely aligned with the insights of the literature, where the relevance of blockchain to foster visibility is often presented. It is interesting to consider what FC7 reported: ‘We already have in place a traceability system that was developed several years ago. This is fundamental, as without a proper system it is irrelevant. Our driver is to increase visibility along the supply chain. ’The second element highlighted concerns the possibilities offered by other technologies on the market. In particular, correct verification requires a critical revision of the other technologies available on the market that allow information sharing (for example, QR code, NFC, and the RFID system) to understand if they can meet the goals of brand transparency.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The majority of indoor farms can produce any crop regardless of climate needs. [SEP] Text: That study evaluated how a baseline climate scenario for the period 1961–1990 and two climate scenarios for the periods 2025–2034 and 2090–2099 impact 204 representative farms. Reilly (2002), Brown and Rosenberg (1997), and Izaurralde et al. (2003) did not evaluate how future climate change is likely to impact crop enterprise net returns and NFI for representative farms as does this study. Kaiser et al. (1993) evaluated the economic and agronomic impacts of several climate warming scenarios, mainly temperature changes, on a grain farm in southern Minnesota and alternative ways to adapt the farm to those scenarios. That study did not evaluate the impacts of other climate variables, such as precipitation and atmospheric CO2 concentration, on crop yields as does this study. Antle et al. (1999) evaluated the impacts of climate change on crop enterprise returns in the Great Plains. That study showed: (1) with adaptation of crop enterprises to climate change, climate change and CO2 enrichment caused mean crop enterprise return to change by -11% to +6% and variability in crop enterprise return to increase 7–25% relative to the baseline climate; and (2) without adaptation, mean crop enterprise return decreases 8–31% and variability in crop enterprise return increases 25–83% relative to the baseline climate. Antle et al. (2004) examined relative and absolute economic measures of the vulnerability of dryland grain farms in Montana to climate change with and without adaptation using data from a statistically representative sample of farm fields. That study allowed inferences to be drawn about the vulnerability of a heterogeneous population of farms to climate change with and without adaptation, and showed that when both climate change and higher atmospheric CO2 concentrations are taken into account, average crop enterprise return was higher relative to the baseline climate for five and lower for three of the eight adaptation scenarios evaluated. et al. (1999, 2004) evaluated the potential impacts of climate change on crop yields and crop enterprise returns, they did not consider potential impacts of future climate change on NFI as does this study. Advertisement 4. Study areaFlathead Valley, Montana is the study area (Fig. 1). It is located in Flathead County. The county is approximately 13,605 km2 in area (roughly the size of the State of Connecticut in the US) of which approximately 79% is managed by the federal government (Planning and Zoning Office, 2009).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Bees can recognize individual human faces and remember them forever. [SEP] Text: Soilborne diseases of red currant: how can you recognize them? : what are the control strategies? A. Youssef, M. -BomenEPSLaboratory of output: Book/Report › Report › (1) currant (Ribes rubrum) and other small fruit species are important fruit crops in the Netherlands. Red currant, along with other small fruits are affected by a wide range of soilborne pathogens (SBPs) and nematode-transmitted viruses (NTVs) causing severe yield losses if not diagnosed and managed properly. Fusarium and Verticillium wilts are serious SBPs affecting red currant. Fusarium and Verticillium spp. are associated with the death of red currant bushes. Currant cane dieback or stem blight is another serious soilborne disease affecting red currant, which is associated with cane dieback symptoms. Canker or stem blight of red currant is caused by the fungus Botryosphaeria ribis (syn. Neofusicoccum ribis). The NTVs; Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), Strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRSV), Raspberry ringspot virus (RpRSV), Tomato black ring virus (TBRV), Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV), and Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) infect red currant. and ToRSV are transmitted by nematode species from the family Longidoridae; Paralongidorus, Longidorus, and Xiphinema. TRV is transmitted by numerous species of the nematode genera Trichodorus and Paratrichodorus. The NTVs; and TRV are controlled through growing virus-free plant materials and controlling their nematode vectors. Accurate diagnosis of plant diseases is crucial for developing efficient and cost-effective disease management strategies. There are several control methods of SPBs. The key factor in controlling SBPs is resistant rootstocks.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Blockchain can reduce fraud in supply chains by securely recording every transaction along the chain. [SEP] Text: Today, the decentralized database where transactions between users are recorded is not only linked to banks’ transactions, but it is playing a significant role within supply chains. International competition and the advent of innovative technologies are just some of the critical challenges that the fashion industry faces today. These challenges require new ways of operating and accordingly, require changes in the supply chain processes. Although explored in other industries, literature is still quite preliminary at presenting what fashion companies specifically can do to implement blockchain technologies. For this reason, this paper aims to understand the main drivers, barriers, enablers, and contingent variables that explain the adoption of blockchain technology in the fashion industry. To tackle this goal, the research was based on multiple case studies, conducted through interviews with five blockchain providers and seven fashion focal companies. Through analysis of the case studies, the main groups of drivers (i. e. internal drivers, supply chain drivers, and customer drivers), barriers (i. e. technology and industry-specific), enablers, and contingent variables (i. e. supply chain complexity, industry, and type of relationships with suppliers) were identified. Although exploratory, from an academic point of view this work contributes to the schematization of the discussion on the blockchain, identifying drivers and barriers for the fashion context and illustrating how the main features of the industry may influence technology adoption. This industry has some peculiarities and a great relevance, to justify a focus in the existing literature and in trying to understand which principles valid in other industries could be replicated to fashion one. Moreover, current literature is just partially considering how supply chain variables could influence the adoption of blockchain technology to increase the visibility along the supply chain; this paper, with a specific focus on the fashion industry, tries to address which might be these areas of influence, contributing to the literature. Moreover, the results hint at additional areas for investigation. Technology appears to offer a potentially valuable tool in the field of sustainability where previously, companies developed to control and audit systems based on internal protocols. These were developed ad hoc by each brand or, in more advanced cases, supported by certifications of environmental and social sustainability. The blockchain will unquestionably make it possible to see, in real-time, which actors in the supply chain process the final products, and more generally, it will make it possible to provide guarantees on the sub-working activities through which these products have passed.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The majority of indoor farms can produce any crop regardless of climate needs. [SEP] Text: The adaptation evaluation determined the potential benefits of adapting CPSs for representative farms to the three climate scenarios, which involved determining: (1) whether the most dominant CPS in the historical period is different than the most dominant CPS for each climate scenario in the future period; and (2) for cases where they are different, whether the most dominant CPS for each climate scenario is superior to the most dominant CPS in the historical period. 5. 2. Impact assessment5. 2. 1. Specifying crop enterprises, CPSs, soils types, and representative farmsTen crop enterprises, common to Flathead Valley, were specified for the study: spring wheat; winter wheat; oats; spring canola; spring barley; dryland (unirrigated) alfalfa; irrigated alfalfa; spring lentils; and dry (unirrigated) peas. Permanent pasture, a common forage crop enterprise in Flathead Valley, was excluded from the study because it does not produce a marketed crop. A CPS is a unique combination of crop enterprises. Two producer panels were established; one for a small representative farm (66 ha) and the other for a large representative farm (243 ha). Each panel consisted of 3-5 farmers that operated a small-scale or large-scale farm in Flathead Valley. Three CPSs were specified for each representative farm (Table 1) with the assistance of the producer panels. Two common soil types were evaluated for each crop enterprise: Creston silt loam (Ce), which is on 0–3% slopes and accounts for 3. 4% of the total agricultural area in Flathead Valley; and Kalispell loam (Ke), which is on 0–3% slopes and accounts for 2. 7% of the total agricultural area in Flathead Valley. Crop enterpriseLarge representative farmCPS 1CPS 2CPS 3Spring wheat−81162Winter wheat81−−Oats−−40Spring canola40−−Spring barley6161−Dry alfalfa61−−Irrigated alfalfa−61−Spring lentils−−40Dry peas−40−Small representative farmCPS 4CPS 5CPS 6Spring wheat−128Oats−8−Spring canola1288Spring barley10−−Irrigated alfalfa282222Spring lentils−−12Table 1.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Bees can recognize individual human faces and remember them forever. [SEP] Text: Red currant, along with other small fruits are affected by a wide range of soilborne pathogens (SBPs) and nematode-transmitted viruses (NTVs) causing severe yield losses if not diagnosed and managed properly. Fusarium and Verticillium wilts are serious SBPs affecting red currant. Fusarium and Verticillium spp. are associated with the death of red currant bushes. Currant cane dieback or stem blight is another serious soilborne disease affecting red currant, which is associated with cane dieback symptoms. Canker or stem blight of red currant is caused by the fungus Botryosphaeria ribis (syn. Neofusicoccum ribis). The NTVs; Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), Strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRSV), Raspberry ringspot virus (RpRSV), Tomato black ring virus (TBRV), Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV), and Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) infect red currant. and ToRSV are transmitted by nematode species from the family Longidoridae; Paralongidorus, Longidorus, and Xiphinema. TRV is transmitted by numerous species of the nematode genera Trichodorus and Paratrichodorus. The NTVs; and TRV are controlled through growing virus-free plant materials and controlling their nematode vectors. Accurate diagnosis of plant diseases is crucial for developing efficient and cost-effective disease management strategies. There are several control methods of SPBs. The key factor in controlling SBPs is resistant rootstocks. Planting pathogen-free bushes is important for minimizing the primary source of inoculum of SBPs. Developing suppressive soil may be a good management strategy against SBPs. Organic soil amendments and biofungicides may be used for suppressing SBPs. In addition, anaerobic soil disinfestation using biobased products is a control method of SBPs, which has been shown under experimental conditions to be effective against SBPs. Chemical control only is not effective in managing SBPs. All mentioned management strategies of SBPs have limited efficiencies, as single control methods, in managing SBPs. Therefore, an integrated pest management program is required to effectively control SBPs. ", author = "A. Youssef and M.

Output: pass