Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: Brain stimulationTranscranial magnetic stimuli were applied to the left M1 using a Magstimulator (MagVenture A/S, Farum, Denmark) with a 95 mm focal figure-of-eight coil (MagVenture D-B80). The initial stimulation point was set approximately 5 mm anterior to the vertex and over the midline. In order to ensure that the induced current flow is approximately perpendicular to the central sulcus, the TMS coil was oriented tangential to the scalp with the handle pointing backwards and laterally at 45° angle towards the contralateral forehead24. Induced currents were in the reverse mode (posterior to anterior) and the waveform monophasic throughout the whole experiment. The motor hotspot for eliciting MEPs in the APB with minimal intensity was determined by moving the coil anterior and left from the vertex, while MEP size was monitored. Once found, the APB motor hotspot position was recorded and constantly controlled by a neuronavigation system (Polaris Spectra, Inc. , Waterloo, Canada and 2. 0. 5, ). Then, the resting motor threshold (rMT) was determined to the nearest of 1% of maximal stimulator output. The rMT was defined as the minimal stimulation intensity required to evoke MEPs bigger or equal to 50 μV peak-to-peak amplitude in 3 out of 5 trials. A stimulation intensity of 140% rMT was used when assessing SI. Ten stimuli at each of the four different phases (rest, premotor, phasic, tonic) were delivered in a randomized order in each condition (EF, IF). The order of conditions was randomized between participants. Data analyses and statisticsEMG and reaction time analysisIn experiment 1, the maximal force was considered as the highest peak in the force signal (low pass filtered at 50 Hz) during the contraction. In addition, the five trials were averaged and compared between both conditions (EF vs IF). Background EMG (bEMG) was obtained in the FDI (prime mover) and APB (adjacent) muscles and compared by assessing the root mean square in a time window of 100 ms following the peak of force (in experiment 1) and 50 ms preceding the brain stimulation (in experiment 2). In addition, the power spectrum density function of the EMG signal during the MVCs was computed by a fast Fourier transformation.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Personalized nutrition uses genetic data to tailor diet recommendations to individuals. [SEP] Text: Aceste noi domenii emergente, cunoscute sub denumirile de „nutriţie de precizie” şi „inteligenţă artificială”, au captat atenţia comunităţii medicale şi ştiinţifice, deschizând noi orizonturi în ceea ce priveşte optimizarea sănătăţii umane(1,2). Definirea nutriţiei de precizie Nutriţia de precizie reprezintă o abordare individualizată a alimentaţiei, bazată pe informaţii specifice despre genele, metabolismul, starea de sănătate şi alţi factori de influenţă ai fiecărui individ. Această abordare se bazează pe premisele că fiecare persoană are nevoi nutriţionale unice şi că adaptarea alimentaţiei la aceste nevoi poate contribui semnificativ la prevenirea şi gestionarea afecţiunilor medicale(3). Bazele nutriţiei de precizie Genetica individuală – una dintre cheile nutriţiei de precizie o reprezintă analiza genetică a fiecărui individ. Studiile genetice pot dezvălui informaţii despre cum anumite gene influenţează răspunsul la diferiţi nutrienţi şi substanţe din alimente(4).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Space mining will soon provide enough resources to eliminate global poverty. [SEP] Text: Поскольку экономика до сих пор практически стагнировала, то рост их доходов может происходить только за счет уменьшения доходов среднего класса и бедных третьей степени, т. е. за счет перераспределения доходов в пользу нищих за счет тех же бедных и среднего класса. В целом же объем доходов и уровень потребления населения не изменится. Никакого сокращения бедности в стране не будет. Для страны такое решение проблемы бедности неприемлемо.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: The mean (MNF) and median frequencies (MDF) were used as the parameter to compare the power spectrum between both focus of attention conditions (EF vs IF). The MNF was computed as the mathematical mean of the spectrum curve and the MDF as the parameter that divides the total power area into two equal parts. Finally, the reaction time (RT) was compared between both conditions as the time from the second acoustic signal – indicating the participants to press against the force transducer in order to reach the target line representing the 10% of the MVC – to the onset of force. Motor evoked potentials analysisIn experiment 2, the peak-to-peak amplitude of the TMS evoked MEPs at each time points (control, premotor, phasic and tonic) in the APB and FDI muscles were compared between both conditions (EF vs IF). Additionally, the correlation coefficient was computed using a robust regression model to investigate association between the modulations of bEMG in the APB muscle (experiment 1) and SI (experiment 2). A robust regression model was applied as it is recommended when data might be contaminated with influential observations and/or outliers25. Differences in APB bEMG and MEPs (related to the control phase in percent) used for the regression analysis were obtained by subtracting the value found in the EF condition from the value found in the IF condition. The bEMG in the APB muscle was taken from the first experiment as participants strongly activated their FDI in order to fulfil the task and consequently, only in this experiment, it was difficult for the subjects to not co-activate with their APB muscle. In contrast, FDI activation in experiment 2 was not challenging enough to elicit any co-activation in the adjacent APB. StatisticsBefore the statistical analyses, normal distribution of the data was tested using a Shapiro-Wilk test. In experiment 1, separate paired Student t-tests were performed for each output parameter of the behavioural tests (force, bEMG and power spectrum analysis) to compare the two conditions (EF vs. IF).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Personalized nutrition uses genetic data to tailor diet recommendations to individuals. [SEP] Text: Metabolismul – fiecare persoană are un metabolism unic, care poate influenţa modul în care procesează şi utilizează nutrienţii. Abordarea nutriţiei de precizie ia în considerare ratele metabolice şi particularităţile metabolice ale fiecărui individ. Starea de sănătate – afecţiunile medicale existente sau predispoziţia genetică la anumite boli pot influenţa cerinţele nutriţionale. Nutriţia de precizie se concentrează pe adaptarea alimentaţiei pentru a gestiona sau preveni aceste afecţiuni. Datele biologice şi monitorizarea continuă – tehnologia modernă permite colectarea de date biologice în timp real, precum nivelurile de glucoză din sânge, markerii inflamatori sau compoziţia corporală. Aceste date ajută la ajustarea constantă a dietei în funcţie de nevoile individuale(5). Metodele de aplicare a nutriţiei de precizie Testele genetice – analizele genetice identifică variaţiile genetice asociate cu răspunsul la nutrienţi şi predispoziţia la anumite boli. Aceste informaţii sunt folosite pentru a crea planuri alimentare personalizate. Monitorizarea biomarkerilor – prin monitorizarea regulată a markerilor biologici, cum ar fi nivelurile de glucoză sau de lipide din sânge, se poate adapta dieta pentru a menţine nivelurile optime ale parametrilor(6,7).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Space mining will soon provide enough resources to eliminate global poverty. [SEP] Text: Выдвигаемая властью задача − «сокращение уровня бедности в два раза» либо носит агитационный характер, либо связан с недостаточно полным пониманием масштаба проблемы бедности. Действительно, уменьшение числа нищих в два раза означает лишь небольшое повышение доходов (выше прожиточного минимума) только у 10 млн человек (7% граждан).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: In experiment 2, neurophysiological outcome measures (peak-to-peak MEP amplitudes and bEMG) were compared individually using a two-way repeated measures ANOVA to compare the effect of “focus” (two levels: EF and IF) and the effect of “phase” (four levels: control, premotor, phasic and tonic). If sphericity was violated (Maulchy’s test), degrees of freedom were corrected by Greenhouse-Geisser estimates of sphericity. Effect sizes are presented as general eta-squared values26 and the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure was used to correct for multiple comparisons in case of significant F values27. Unless indicated otherwise, data are reported as mean ± standard deviation. R version 3. 2. 428 was used for all statistical analyses and the level of significance was set at P ≤ 0. 05. Data availabilityThe datasets generated during the present study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. ResultsExperiment 1Participants could generate more force (the best of the 5 trials) when adopting an EF (43. 98 ± 14. 76 N) compared to an IF (38. 34 ± 13. 53 N; t13 = 5. 46, P < 0. 001, Fig. 2). In addition, they displayed more force on average (the 5 trials averaged) with an EF (38. 43 ± 12. 23 N) contrasted to an IF (34. 75 ± 13. 65 N; t13 = 3. 77, P = 0. 002, Fig. 2). Additionally, subjects showed less bEMG activity in the adjacent muscle APB (t13 = −2. 48, P = 0. 02, Fig. 3A) when executing the maximal force task with an EF (0. 059 ± 0. 05 mV) compared to an IF (0. 076 ± 0. 07 mV). Additionally, they showed smaller MNF and MDF in the adjacent APB muscle when adopting an EF contrasted to an IF (MNF: t13 = −2. 99, P = 0. 01, EF = 77. 67 ± 13. 28 Hz, IF = 93. 95 ± 28. 39 Hz; MDF: t13 = −3. 99, P = 0. 001, EF = 61. 05 ± 10. 92 Hz, IF = 73.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Personalized nutrition uses genetic data to tailor diet recommendations to individuals. [SEP] Text: Alimentaţia personalizată – pe baza informaţiilor genetice, metabolice şi de sănătate, sunt create planuri nutriţionale precise, care pot include cantităţi specifice de macronutrienţi şi micronutrienţi. Suplimentele personalizate – nutriţia de precizie poate implica şi suplimente, care să completeze eventualele deficienţe nutriţionale identificate în analizele individuale(8). Impactul nutriţiei de precizie în sănătate Prevenţia şi gestionarea bolilor – nutriţia de precizie poate juca un rol semnificativ în prevenirea bolilor cronice, cum ar fi diabetul de tip 2, bolile cardiovasculare sau obezitatea. Prin identificarea predispoziţiei genetice şi ajustarea dietei, se pot reduce riscurile asociate acestor afecţiuni(9,10,11). Performanţa fizică şi mentală – sportivii şi persoanele active pot beneficia de nutriţia de precizie pentru a-şi optimiza performanţa şi recuperarea. De asemenea, se poate susţine sănătatea mintală prin nutriţie adaptată(12). Managementul greutăţii – dieta personalizată poate facilita gestionarea greutăţii corporale prin înţelegerea mai bună a metabolismului individual şi a nevoilor calorice(10).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Space mining will soon provide enough resources to eliminate global poverty. [SEP] Text: Поскольку экономика до сих пор практически стагнировала, то рост их доходов может происходить только за счет уменьшения доходов среднего класса и бедных третьей степени, т. е. за счет перераспределения доходов в пользу нищих за счет тех же бедных и среднего класса. В целом же объем доходов и уровень потребления населения не изменится. Никакого сокращения бедности в стране не будет. Для страны такое решение проблемы бедности неприемлемо.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: 87 ± 17. 67 Hz, Fig. 3B and C). Regarding the bEMG of the prime mover FDI between both conditions, no significant difference was found (P = 0. 14, Fig. 3A). However, participants displayed significant greater MNF and MDF when focusing externally compared to internally (MNF: t13 = 2. 53, P = 0. 02, EF = 124. 07 ± 30. 66 Hz, IF = 113. 04 ± 27. 30 Hz; MDF: t13 = 2. 41, P = 0. 03, EF = 105. 01 ± 28. 57 Hz, IF = 95. 66 ± 27. 54 Hz, Fig. 3B and C). Figure 2Shown are mean values and SEM (n = 14) of (A) the force during maximal voluntary contraction (MVC, the best trial) and (B) the force during the 5 MVC trials averaged under both attentional focus conditions (EF vs IF). Participants could generate more force and more force when the 5 MVC trials were averaged with an EF compared to an IF. Black bars represent the external (EF) and the whites ones the internal focus of attention (IF). **P ≤ 0. 01, ***P ≤ 0. 001. Full size imageFigure 3In all bar graphs, shown are mean values and SEM (n = 14). (A) Participants showed less background EMG during the MVC in the adjacent APB muscle when focusing externally (EF) compared to focusing internally (IF) while no significant difference was found in the prime mover FDI muscle. (B) Shown are the mean power frequency (MNF) and (C) median power frequency (MDF) of adjacent APB and prime mover FDI muscles during the MVC under both focus of attention conditions. Participants showed a smaller MNF and MDF in the APB muscle and a greater MNF and MDF in the prime mover FDI when adopting an EF contrasted to an IF. Black bars represent the external (EF) and the whites ones the internal focus of attention (IF). *P ≤ 0. 05, **P ≤ 0. 01, ***P ≤ 0. 001. Full size imageExperiment 2Brain stimulation paradigmThe same subjects as in experiment 1 took part in the second experiment.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Personalized nutrition uses genetic data to tailor diet recommendations to individuals. [SEP] Text: Sănătatea digestivă – pentru persoanele cu afecţiuni digestive sau intoleranţe alimentare, nutriţia de precizie poate oferi soluţii pentru evitarea alimentelor problematice. Optimizarea nutriţională în timpul tratamentelor medicale – persoanele care urmează tratamente medicale intensive pot beneficia de nutriţie de precizie pentru a-şi menţine starea nutriţională optimă şi a reduce efectele secundare ale tratamentelor(13). Perspectivele viitoare Nutriţia de precizie reprezintă o zonă în continuă dezvoltare, cu multiple direcţii viitoare. Tehnologia avansată, precum analizele genetice din ce în ce mai accesibile şi dispozitivele de monitorizare biologică, va juca un rol crucial în extinderea acestui domeniu. De asemenea, înţelegerea tot mai profundă a interacţiunilor complexe dintre gene, microbiom şi alimentaţie va aduce noi perspective asupra modului în care nutriţia influenţează sănătatea umană(14). Nutriţia de precizie reprezintă un pas semnificativ în evoluţia abordării nutriţionale, aducând personalizarea în centrul sănătăţii.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Space mining will soon provide enough resources to eliminate global poverty. [SEP] Text: Наоборот, конкуренция заставляет капиталиста «постоянно расширять свой капитал … посредством прогрессирующего накопления» [14. С. 606]. Прогрессирующее производственное накопление капитала это объективный экономический закон капитализма (не путать со всеобщим законом капиталистического накопления). Он субъективно проявляется в виде всепоглощающей страсти каждого предприятия, каждого предпринимателя к увеличению своего капитала, к обогащению.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: However, two participants showed a very inconsistent motor performance during this second experiment and were therefore excluded from the final data analysis. When analysing MEP peak-to-peak amplitudes in the APB muscle, there was no main effect of focus (F1,11 = 3. 75, P = 0. 07, η2 = 0. 002) but a significant main effect of phase (F1. 92,21. 12 = 9. 30, P = 0. 001, η2 = 0. 086). Additionally, a significant interaction effect of focus x phase was found (F3,33 = 7. 18, P < 0. 001, η2 = 0. 005). hoc comparisons for the main effect of phase revealed that the premotor phase (P < 0. 001) and phasic phase (P = 0. 04) were smaller than the control phase and that all phases differed from the tonic phase (all P < 0. 001, see Table 1 for more details). Regarding the interaction effect of focus x phase, the pattern of modulation of MEP size in the APB muscle for the different phases showed a significant reduction in MEP size (reflecting the SI) before the initiation of the index finger flexion (premotor) compared to the control phase (P = 0. 001 in the EF and P = 0. 04 in the IF condition). Moreover, a clear enhancement in MEP size during the tonic phase when compared to all other phases (all P < 0. 04, see Table 1 for details) was shown. Most importantly, MEP sizes during the premotor phase were significantly smaller when adopting an EF contrasted to an IF (P = 0. 004), indicating a differential SI of the MEP in the APB regarding the type of attentional focus (Fig. 4A). No significant inhibition was found during the phasic phase compared to the control condition for both attentional foci (P = 0. 10 in the EF and P = 0. 38 in the IF condition, respectively).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Personalized nutrition uses genetic data to tailor diet recommendations to individuals. [SEP] Text: Prin integrarea datelor genetice, metabolice şi de sănătate, această abordare poate aduce beneficii semnificative în prevenirea bolilor, gestionarea afecţiunilor şi optimizarea stării de sănătate a fiecărui individ. Cu toate acestea, este important să se ţină cont de complexitatea individuală şi de interacţiunile complexe dintre factorii nutriţionali şi biologici. Nutriţia de precizie poate deschide uşi către o nouă eră a sănătăţii personalizate, îmbunătăţind calitatea vieţii şi promovând bunăstarea generală. Rolul inteligenţei artificiale în avansarea nutriţiei de precizie Odată cu progresele tehnologice din domeniul inteligenţei artificiale (IA), se deschid noi perspective pentru nutriţia de precizie. Integrarea IA în acest domeniu poate aduce beneficii semnificative, îmbunătăţind înţelegerea complexă a datelor biologice, personalizând recomandările nutriţionale şi accelerând cercetările în acest domeniu(15). Cercetarea în domeniul nutriţiei de precizie necesită analize complexe şi timp îndelungat pentru a obţine rezultate semnificative.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Space mining will soon provide enough resources to eliminate global poverty. [SEP] Text: Наоборот, конкуренция заставляет капиталиста «постоянно расширять свой капитал … посредством прогрессирующего накопления» [14. С. 606]. Прогрессирующее производственное накопление капитала это объективный экономический закон капитализма (не путать со всеобщим законом капиталистического накопления). Он субъективно проявляется в виде всепоглощающей страсти каждого предприятия, каждого предпринимателя к увеличению своего капитала, к обогащению.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: Table 1 Single-pulse TMS in surrounding muscle APB for all four phases of the movement and the two conditionsFull size tableFigure 4(A,B) Shown are mean values and SEM (n = 12) of the MEP peak-to-peak amplitude in the two surrounding muscle APB (A) and the prime mover FDI (B) at four different brain stimulation time points (Control, Premotor, Phasic and Tonic) under the two attentional focus conditions (EF and IF). In the surrounding muscle APB, there was a significant interaction effect showing that when adopting a EF contrasted to an IF, surround inhibition was enhanced during the premotor phase. There was a significant main effect of phase in the prime mover FDI (B), reflecting its activation during the motor task. Black bars represent the external (EF) and the whites ones the internal focus of attention (IF). **P ≤ 0. 01. Full size imageIn the prime-mover FDI muscle, the MEPs were recorded with the coil over the APB hotspot. There was no main effect of focus (F1,11 = 0. 01, P = 0. 91, η2 < 0. 001) but a significant main effect of phase (F2. 03,22. 37 = 12. 60, P < 0. 001, η2 = 0. 15, Fig. 4B). Pairwise post hoc comparisons revealed that all phases differed from the control phase (premotor, P = 0. 04; phasic, P < 0. 001; tonic, P = 0. 001, Table 2 for more details). Additionally, MEPs were significantly enhanced compared to the premotor (P < 0. 001) and tonic phases (P = 0. 001) during the phasic phase. Furthermore, MEPs in the tonic phase were significantly bigger contrasted to the premotor phase (P = 0. 002). There was no significant interaction effect of focus x phase (F3,33 = 2. 81, P = 0. 054, η2 < 0. 001, Fig. 4B). Due to the fact that the P value was close to significance threshold, we performed additional separate paired Student’s t-tests (uncorrected), to test whether differences between both conditions (EF vs IF) occurred for any phase.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Personalized nutrition uses genetic data to tailor diet recommendations to individuals. [SEP] Text: Utilizarea inteligenţei artificiale poate accelera acest proces, ajutând la identificarea rapidă a corelaţiilor dintre gene, metabolism şi răspunsul la alimente. Algoritmii de machine learning pot analiza rapid seturi mari de date pentru a extrage informaţii relevante şi pentru a ghida cercetările ulterioare. Astfel, inovaţiile în nutriţia de precizie pot deveni mai accesibile şi mai rapide. Analiza complexă a datelor biologice Datele biologice, cum ar fi rezultatele analizelor genetice, biomarkerii şi profilurile metabolice, pot fi extrem de complexe şi dificil de interpretat manual. Aici intervine inteligenţa artificială, care poate procesa şi analiza volumul mare de date într-un mod eficient şi precis. Algoritmii de învăţare automată pot identifica modele şi corelaţii subtile între factorii biologici şi răspunsul la anumiţi nutrienţi sau substanţe din alimente(16). Personalizarea recomandărilor nutriţionale Inteligenţa artificială poate contribui la crearea de planuri alimentare personalizate mai sofisticate şi precise. Cu ajutorul algoritmilor de învăţare automată se pot lua în considerare multiplele variabile, cum ar fi datele genetice, istoricul medical, preferinţele alimentare şi stilul de viaţă.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Space mining will soon provide enough resources to eliminate global poverty. [SEP] Text: Наоборот, конкуренция заставляет капиталиста «постоянно расширять свой капитал … посредством прогрессирующего накопления» [14. С. 606]. Прогрессирующее производственное накопление капитала это объективный экономический закон капитализма (не путать со всеобщим законом капиталистического накопления). Он субъективно проявляется в виде всепоглощающей страсти каждого предприятия, каждого предпринимателя к увеличению своего капитала, к обогащению.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: Actually, no significant difference was found between the conditions (EF vs IF) in the control phases (t11 = −1. 19, P = 0. 25), premotor phases (t11 = 0. 92, P = 0. 37), phasic phases (t11 = 0. 85, P = 0. 41), and tonic phases (t11 = −1. 59, P = 0. 13). Table 2 Single-pulse TMS in the prime mover (FDI) for all four phases of the movement and the two conditions. Full size tableBackground EMG and reaction timeBackground EMG recordings in the APB muscle revealed no significant main effect of focus (F1,11 = 2. 28, P = 0. 15, η2 = 0. 004), main effect of phase (F1. 26,14. 19 = 0. 86, P = 0. 39, η2 = 0. 015) and no interaction effect of focus x phase (F1. 56,17. 16 = 0. 65, P = 0. 58, η2 = 0. 001, Table 1 and Fig. 1C). In the prime mover FDI muscle, there was no significant main effect of focus (F1,11 = 1. 78, P = 0. 20, η2 < 0. 001). However, there was a significant main effect of phase (F1. 47,16. 17 = 14. 36, P < 0. 001, η2 = 0. 28). Post hoc comparisons revealed that background EMG in all phases was bigger than the control phase (premotor, P = 0. 01; phasic, P < 0. 001; tonic, P < 0. 001), showing that FDI was active during the movement (see Fig. 1D). Additionally, background EMG was significantly enhanced during the phasic (P < 0. 001) and tonic (P = 0. 003) phases compared with the premotor phase. Background EMG was significantly enhanced in the phasic phase compared to the tonic phase (P < 0. 001, Table 2 for details). No significant interaction effect of focus x phase (F3,33 = 1. 36, P = 0. 27, η2 = 0. 001) was found.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Personalized nutrition uses genetic data to tailor diet recommendations to individuals. [SEP] Text: Astfel, se pot oferi recomandări mai detaliate şi mai adaptate nevoilor fiecărui individ. De asemenea, prin monitorizarea continuă a datelor biologice în timp real, inteligenţa artificială poate ajusta automat planurile nutriţionale în funcţie de schimbările individuale(17). Identificarea riscurilor şi prevenţia bolilor Inteligenţa artificială poate fi folosită pentru a identifica riscurile individuale de dezvoltare a anumitor boli pe baza datelor genetice şi de sănătate. Cu aceste informaţii se pot implementa măsuri preventive personalizate pentru reducerea riscului de afecţiuni cronice. De asemenea, IA poate analiza istoricul medical şi datele biologice pentru a anticipa potenţiale probleme de sănătate şi pentru a sugera intervenţii nutriţionale sau stiluri de viaţă adecvate(18). În concluzie, integrarea inteligenţei artificiale în nutriţia de precizie deschide oportunităţi remarcabile pentru optimizarea sănătăţii umane. Această tehnologie poate contribui la înţelegerea mai profundă a complexităţii individuale, la personalizarea recomandărilor nutriţionale şi la accelerarea cercetărilor în domeniul sănătăţii şi nutriţiei.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Space mining will soon provide enough resources to eliminate global poverty. [SEP] Text: Например, в рыночной экономике огромное число МП в соответствие с законом стоимости в короткое время переродилось бы в меньшее количество крупных высокотехнологичных предприятий. Но поскольку нет полноценной рыночной экономики, то нет, не может быть развития, технологического прогресса. Половина населения занята примитивным малопроизводительным трудом. Не может расти заработная плата, а, следовательно, благосостояние народа.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: Regarding the RT (the onset in the force signal after the second tone), no significant difference was found between both conditions (t11 = −0. 95, P = 0. 35; EF = 198. 11 ± 37. 77 ms and IF = 203. 32 ± 35. 08 ms). CorrelationA potential connection between the functional data (experiment 1) and the neurophysiological data (experiment 2) was tested applying a robust regression model. The difference in the bEMG of the adjacent muscle APB between EF and IF in experiment 1 was related to differences in SI between EF and IF in experiment 2. The results showed a significant coefficient of correlation between the difference in bEMG in the APB muscle during the maximal contraction and the amount of SI in the APB muscle during the premotor phase (r = 0. 61, P = 0. 001, Fig. 5). Figure 5Shown are the attentional foci-related differences (IF–EF) of size during the premotor phase (related to control as percentage changes) on the abscissa and the differences (IF–EF) in APB bEMG during maximal contraction of the index finger on the ordinate. The robust regression model clearly demonstrates that greater decrease in bEMG found in the adjacent muscle APB during maximal contraction of the prime mover FDI (experiment 1) is accompanied by greater surround inhibition during the premotor phase in the adjacent APB (experiment 2, r = 0. 61, P = 0. 001). Full size imageDiscussionThe current results from experiment 2 demonstrate an efficient way to instantly modulate SI by changing the focus of attention. Furthermore, as demonstrated by experiment 1, adopting an EF resulted in an improved motor performance and a reduced muscular activity in the adjacent muscle APB. As the decreased bEMG found in the APB muscle during maximal index finger contraction showed a significant correlation with the enhanced SI found during the premotor phase, the improved motor performance that is usually observed with an EF may at least partly be explained by an enhanced activation of neural circuits that shape motor SI. Attentional foci and motor performanceIn the present study, experiment 1 was designed (a) to confirm that motor performance can be enhanced when adopting an EF and (b) to assess (unwanted) muscular activity in the adjacent muscle APB.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Personalized nutrition uses genetic data to tailor diet recommendations to individuals. [SEP] Text: 2018;6(5):416-426. Voruganti VS. Precision nutrition: Recent advances in obesity. Physiology. 2023;38(1):42-50. Shannon CE, Ní. Precision nutrition for targeting pathophysiology of cardiometabolic phenotypes. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. 2023;24(5):921-936. de da. Use of artificial intelligence in precision nutrition and fitness. in Precision Health. 2020;1:465-496. Precision nutrition in chronic inflammation. Frontiers in Immunology. 2020;11:587895. Perspectives: on Research in Heart, Lung, and. Advances in Nutrition. 2022;13(5):1402-1414. Volpe SL. . ACSM’s Health & Fitness Journal. 2022;26(3):43-44. Precision nutrient management using artificial intelligence based on digital data collection framework. Applied Sciences. 2022;12(9):4167. . Precision nutrition - the answer to “what to eat to stay healthy”. JAMA. 2020;324(8):735-736. Mortazavi BJ, Gutierrez-Osuna R. A review of digital innovations for diet monitoring and precision nutrition. Journal of and Technology. 2023;17(1):217-223. Articole din ediţiile anterioare | Ediţia 2 2 2023 Gena FTO şi impactul ei asupra obezităţii Roxana Ciocâltea Prevalenţa obezităţii în lume şi în ţara noastră este în continuă creştere. Alimentaţia necorespunzătoare şi un indice de masă corporală ridicat su. . . 30 iunie 2023 | Ediţia 1 1 2023 Utilizarea Inteligenţei Artificiale în practica dieteticienilor: beneficii, neajunsuri şi provocări Tehnologia a avansat semnificativ în ultimii ani.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Space mining will soon provide enough resources to eliminate global poverty. [SEP] Text: However, this ignores the fact that as well as working less, LF patients may be less productive while at work [4]. For example, Ramu et al. found that though the reported time difference (hours worked) between LF infected and uninfected weavers was 15–20 %, the productivity gap was higher at 27 % [68]. Additional research on the actual productivity burden of LF, will be invaluable in developing more precise economic benefit estimates in the future [4]. The sensitivity of the results to the assumed percentage of work loss is shown in Fig. 8 and Additional file 2: Table S6. Additional benefits of the -of-life benefitsThe primary health outcome of the analysis was the number of DALYs averted. However, it is important to note that the prevention of LF infection and clinical disease has led to additional quality of life benefits, which are not captured by the DALY disability weight for LF or the estimated lost wages. For example, the stigma associated with infection can prevent patients from playing a full role in society, often resulting in reduced marital prospects. This can result in adverse social and economic repercussions not only for the patient but also their family [69]. Furthermore, children may have to miss school in order to care for a family member with LF, and infected children will be more likely to miss school or drop out completely [70]. In addition, both those suffering from clinical disease and their caregivers are more likely to suffer from depression which is not currently quantified in the GBD estimates for LF – which has been shown to underestimate LF disease burden [69]. It should also be noted that DALYs fail to acknowledge the implications of context on the burden of disease, such as those for the poor –which is particularly important for NTDs [71]. Consequently, the true value of the GPELF will likely be higher than what is presented in this analysis. Economic and health impacts on other co-endemic diseasesuses highly effective, broad-spectrum anti-parasitic drugs (albendazole and ivermectin). Consequently, the programme has important ancillary benefits on other parasitic diseases (described in more detail in [2]): Benefit for children and for women-of-child-bearing-age with intestinal parasites: Albendazole and ivermectin are also used to control the soil-transmitted helminths (STH).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: In line with previous research (see29 for a review) and as expected, motor performance was improved when adopting an EF contrasted to an IF. More specifically, asking the participants to concentrate on the force transducer they were pushing against (EF), rather than on their index finger (IF), led to an enhanced maximal force of the index finger (+14. 7%). At the same time and in line with previous research, subjects revealed less bEMG activity (−22. 3%), MNF and MDF in the adjacent APB muscle with an EF30. Furthermore, despite no significant difference in bEMG between conditions in the prime-mover FDI, participants showed significantly larger power spectral density in the FDI muscle, expressed as enhanced MNF and MDF, when focusing externally. As the force a muscle can produce depends not only on the number of motor units activated (recruitment following the size principle), but also on the rates at which motor neurones discharge action potentials (rate coding)31, this enhanced frequency found in the FDI muscle under an EF might be explained in at least two ways: first, additional motor units (MUs) might have been recruited that fire with higher frequencies and/or the already active MUs have increased their firing frequency. The first mechanism would suggest that maximal force production with an IF is not able to fully recruit all MUs and that the upward shift in the MNF and MDF with an EF in the prime mover FDI is indicative of an additional recruitment of MUs that, according to the size principle32, consist of larger MUs with faster conduction velocities33. The second mechanism does not necessarily involve recruitment of additional MUs but may be due to the fact that an increased incidence of doublet discharges occurred at the very beginning of the MVC. The presence of doublet discharges at the onset of muscle contraction known as the catch-like property of skeletal muscle34 is thought to improve force production35,36 and might, therefore, help to generate more force with an EF. In addition, our results confirm previous findings showing reduced muscular activity with an EF30,37,38,39,40,41,42. Based on this observation, it was previously argued that an EF increases movement efficiency by reducing unnecessary muscular contributions30.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Gut microbiome analysis is increasingly used to create personalized diet plans based on how a person processes nutrients. [SEP] Text: The impact of diet and antibiotics on the gut microbiome. CourseSource. does the survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depend on its metabolic characteristics? do microorganisms, cellular and viral, interact with both human and non-human hosts in beneficial, neutral, or detrimental ways? How do microorganisms interact with their environment and modify each other? a unique active learning experience, students will use a simple simulation to analyze the gut microbiome at multiple systematic levels (e. g. phylum, genus, species) and apply the newly gained knowledge in a context that is relevant to human health. They will identify metabolic pathways and products that contribute to the microbiome as a system and learn about the impact of microorganisms on their bodies. The learning objectives are in alignment with the Framework from the for Microbiology. The mimicking of the antibiotic treatment is an example of Choose a perturbation to a novel environment, and predict the change to the resident microbial community. under Systems. The determination of the bacterial metabolic byproducts that the bacteria excrete falls under How does the survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depend on its metabolic characteristics? under Metabolism. The investigation of the human host response to a certain diet covers Describe how the human biome influences the host human organism. , also under Systems. completing the exercise, students will be able to: Identify several of the nine phyla that contribute to the gut microbiome and name the two predominant ones; Describe how diet impacts the gut microbiome and compare the composition of the gut microbiome between different diets; Describe how antibiotic treatment impacts the gut microbiome and understand how this leads to infection, for example by Clostridium difficile; Trace the response to a change in diet, starting with i) changes in the composition of the microbiome, followed by ii) changes in the bacterial metabolic pathways and the respective excreted metabolic products, resulting in iii) a molecular response in the host intestinal cells, and eventually iv) resulting in human disease; Improve their ability to read scientific literature; Express themselves orally and in writing; Develop team working skill 1. The pre-test is designed to encourage students to read the paper (15), and the questions contain information that the students will need during the class session. Students receive one point per correct answer. The test can be administered through an online System to save in class time. Table 1. Pre-test.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Within the next few years, space mining will replace traditional mining industries on Earth. [SEP] Text: The physical laws governing mining militate against the sort of productivity improvements achievable in the technology sector as represented, for example, by Moore’s law which holds that processing power for computers doubles every two years. But, over time, like compound interest, the cumulative effect of these incremental improvements has delivered dramatic increases in the mining industry’s productivity. History may or may not prove to be a reliable guide to the future. It could be that the industry will continue to deliver advances in productivity which offset the effects of depletion well into the future. But this is not something that can be taken for granted. There are strong upward pressures on capital and operating costs in the industry (Reference HumphreysHumphreys, 2015). Worryingly, it would appear from the data presented in Figure 1. 2 that productivity in some major mining countries has actually declined since around 2000. There may be a cyclical element to this. Typically, industry productivity declines when commodity prices are high and producers are focused on the volume of output rather than productivity. The last few years have seen a modest reversal of the negative trend, but it cannot yet be ruled out that there are longer-term structural forces at work here too. It should also be noted that there is mounting evidence of a decline in the productivity of exploration spending. It has been estimated that the cost of discovering an ounce of gold or a tonne of base metals has roughly doubled since the 1980s (BCG, 2015). Figure 1. 2 Productivity in the Australian and US mining industries. Notes: Labor productivity (LP) measures industry output per unit of labor input. Multifactor productivity (MFP) measures output per unit of total combined inputs, including labor, capital, energy and materials. Sources: ABS (2018) and BLS (2018)Miners may have to look in new places for their productivity growth in future. In the past, economies of scale have provided a major contribution to productivity growth but the industry may be reaching the limits of what these can contribute. Mines are not getting bigger and the growth in the scale of mining equipment has slowed. In future, productivity growth will have to come from other sources, particularly from innovative technologies that enable miners to work “smarter.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: Therefore, our results suggest that adopting an EF contrasted to an IF modified the pattern of muscle activation (less activation of the adjacent muscle APB coupled with an upward shift in the power spectral density in the FDI) during the motor task and led to an increased MVC. However, the underlying mechanisms for this focus-specific EMG reduction in the adjacent muscle remains generally poorly understood and, therefore, experiment 2 was designed. Attentional foci and motor surround inhibitionIn experiment 2, we investigated the influence of changing the focus of attention on the amount of SI in the APB muscle. Similar to previous studies4,7,8, a reduction in the amplitudes of in the premotor and phasic phases during the index finger flexion occurred, indicating the presence of SI in this adjacent muscle. In the present study, the amount of SI during the movement initiation phase could be instantly altered by changing the focus of attention: in both the premotor (+26. 4%; p = 0. 004) and the phasic phase (+8. 1%; non-significant change), adopting an EF resulted in a greater SI than an IF. Furthermore, the advantage of the present study is that we could compare one and the same subject performing the identical task with an EF or IF (using a repeated measures design) in contrast to the first study investigating the underlying mechanism of adopting different attentional foci by means of fMRI43. Surround inhibition and hand motor controlSo far, the relationship between motor behaviour and SI is a key but unanswered part in understanding the role of SI in hand motor control and performance. As SI is more prominent with low-force levels and disappears at intensities higher than 40% of MVC, it seems that SI is predominantly involved in the generation of skilled and fine motor tasks8. Additionally, previous research showed that FHD patients demonstrate unusual co-contractions, which are thought to be associated with a reduced SI during movement initiation of the index finger4. Thus, it is argued that an enhanced SI improves the contrast on the motor cortical level and thereby facilitates dynamic manual tasks3. In addition, motor training was shown to not only improve motor performance but also to strengthen SI11,12.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Gut microbiome analysis is increasingly used to create personalized diet plans based on how a person processes nutrients. [SEP] Text: Treatment with exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) in CD offers a nutritional therapy paradigm that could potentially be replicated by less restrictive dietary therapies, thereby improving compliance and tolerability. The current thesis initially aimed to explore perceptions and beliefs around the use of EEN and alternative novel, solid food-based diets expressed by adult and paediatric patients with CD, previously treated with EEN and their carers. Following that, a personalised food-based diet (CD-TREAT) was designed to replicate EEN composition. Its effect on gut microbiome, gut inflammation and clinical efficacy was assessed using a combination of randomised controlled trial (RCT) in healthy volunteers, animal models, and a pilot trial in children with active CD. Methods: An anonymous questionnaire surveyed adult patients and families of paediatric patients with CD, previously treated with EEN over 1 year. This questionnaire explored participants’ demographic characteristics; acceptability of a repeat EEN course to treat a future flare (EEN repeat); their opinion on how difficult EEN would be compared to an example solid food-based diet; and their intention to participate in a future clinical trial assessing the therapeutic efficacy of a solid food-based diet in CD. Twenty-five healthy adults were randomly assigned to groups that received EEN or CD-TREAT for 7 days, followed by a 14-day washout, and then the diet they had not already received. The CD-TREAT diet was individualised for each participant by research dieticians; it excludes specific dietary components (such as gluten, lactose, alcohol) and matches the EEN in others (macronutrients, vitamins, minerals and fibre) using ordinary food. information on gastrointestinal symptoms and acceptability of the diet were collected. Additionally, faecal samples were collected before and after each experimental diet and changes to gut microbiome and metabolites were assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing and gas and liquid chromatography. Healthy HLA-B7 and HLA-B27 transgenic rats with gut inflammation received EEN, CD-TREAT, or standard chow for 4 weeks. CD-TREAT is a personalised diet which was designed to replicate EEN composition. Gut microbiome composition and metabolic activity was analysed in faeces, luminal content and gut tissue. Gut inflammation was assessed by histopathology and tissue cytokine expression, assessed by levels of mRNAs encoding 5 cytokines.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Edible insect farming produces protein with a lower environmental impact than livestock farming. [SEP] Text: Globally, the livestock sector is the second-largest pollution-producing sector after the electricity industry [6]. Animals are responsible for emissions of gasses such as ammonia (NH3), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). These gasses are the cause of global warming and acid rains [7]. The health of animals can be described as normal physiological functioning of all the systems of the body of animals to achieve the highest production or the lack of disease. Whenever an animal gets ill, economic issue arises. Livestock diseases result in loss of production, treatment cost, prevention cost, and a barrier to trade [8]. In developed countries, any livestock disease outbreak would affect the economy of the farm and country. On the other hand, in developing countries in case of any livestock disease outbreak, additional factors like food scarcity, loss of draught power, and social security are also emphasized [9]. Public health is also an issue related to livestock disease as many of these diseases are zoonotic. Transmission of these diseases takes place either by direct contact (tuberculosis, brucellosis) or via vectors (Lyme disease, disease, fever) [10]. Spread of antimicrobial resistance because of the misuse and abuse of antibiotics in the livestock sector is also an iceberg that we are facing today [11]. Advertisement 2. Animal production systemsAnimals are reared under different types of production systems throughout the world. Animal production systems are mostly categorized on the basis of capital investment and outputs. The first and most primitive animal production system is an exploitation production system, which is categorized by no capital investment and minimal human labor. Animals depend upon environmental resources and outputs are highly variable [12]. Animal production system is an extensive production system. This production system is categorized by minimal inputs and outputs. The survival of animals is important as compared to peak productivity. This system is a not market-oriented system. Subsistence farming and ranching are two examples of the extensive production system. In subsistence farming, animals are kept to fulfill the need of the family of a farmer [13]. Sometimes extra products are sold. Ranching includes large herds of animals grazing here and there. Treatment or vaccinations are performed rarely in the extensive production system [14]. The intensive animal production system is featured by high input and high output. Animals are kept in a favorable environment and all the nutrition requirements are met.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: The observations of the current study may suggest that the increased efficiency usually associated with an EF on a behavioral level29,44,45 may in fact be due to differential neural activation of motor areas such as M1: as shown in experiment 2, the increased SI seems to focus the motor command to the prime mover, avoiding – as shown in experiment 1 – unnecessary contractions of muscles that are not directly involved. The finding of a correlation between the decrease in bEMG and increase in SI in the APB further strengthens this notion. The current results in the adjacent APB also complement our previous study concentrating on the prime mover FDI. In this previous study, increased levels of SICI and sub-TMS induced EMG suppression with an EF were shown for the agonist FDI19. Thus, adopting an EF seems to influence motor cortical inhibitory control for both, the prime mover as well as the surrounding muscles that are not directly involved in the motor task. It was formerly suggested that SICI might contribute to the inhibitory network shaping SI4,22,23. Indeed, previous research revealed a reduction of short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) in dystonic patients2,9,46 accompanied by an impaired SI in the premotor and phasic phase of the movement4. Thus, it seems that these inhibitory processes are both closely interrelated and influence the quality of motor execution in general4. Nonetheless, at this point, the link between SI and SICI remains unclear and further research is needed. Limitations of the current studyAlthough the present study demonstrates an instant modulation of motor cortical SI when changing the focus of attention, it cannot clarify whether SI is created in M1 or if it is derived from input coming from other brain areas such as the basal ganglia3 and/or cerebellum47. For example, in patients with impaired SI, the basal ganglia circuits have been assumed to display imbalanced activity between direct – responsible for sculpting the desired movement –, and indirect pathways – responsible for inhibiting unwanted movements3. In addition, FHD patients show an hyper-activation of cerebellum in fMRI during voluntary movement, which might be related to the disrupted SI47. Therefore, the finding of the present study cannot render more precisely these underlying mechanisms but shed more light on the interrelation between behavioural changes and modulation in SI.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Gut microbiome analysis is increasingly used to create personalized diet plans based on how a person processes nutrients. [SEP] Text: Increased relative abundances of β-glucanases, cellulases, xylanases, and cellobiases and associated downstream catabolic pathways all point to dramatic shifts in response to the compositional changes of diet, rather than exposure to new microbes from food (Fig. 4, Additional file 2: Figure S2). Of note, while the weaning feed contained antibiotics (tiamulin and chlortetracycline), the taxonomic composition of animals in this study resembled that of animals at similar ages in other studies with and without antibiotics [12, 13, 30], which indicates broad similarities in taxonomic and functional [31] composition, though antibiotic resistance may vary, in the microbiome of animals across different sites and production scenarios. ConclusionsRecent work has cast an important light on how the gut microbiome responds to changes in diet, using mouse models and human feeding trials [5, 32]. Here, we use a simple and highly relevant diet (milk) and a relevant and highly tractable animal model that resembles human digestion (pigs), whose diet composition is changed abruptly (from milk to near-adult feed) as a matter of course in rearing. The advantages in this model over other studies are evident in our level of detail at dissecting catabolic pathways using known dietary glycan structural data as a starting point. Our observations are in agreement with previous work in both pigs [12, 13] and human dietary studies investigating differences in animal and plant-based diets [33]. We also show the impact of abrupt and distinct changes in diet on the distal gut microbiome of pigs, at both a taxonomic and metagenomic level. Given that substrate availability was found to shape both taxonomic structure and enzymatic functional capacities, it is interesting to consider whether biogeographical variations in the gut microbiome and local variations in substrate availability may also be associated with similar taxonomic and functional differences. Future work may shed light in this respect on the role of the microbiome in digestion and whether specific pig milk oligosaccharides (PMOs) shape populations of microbes in pigs as HMOs shape the gut of human infants. MethodsAnimal experimentsAll experiments involving animals were reviewed and approved by the University of Care and prior to beginning of the experiment (approval #17776). Throughout the study, all animals were housed in a controlled-access specific pathogen free facility at the University of California Davis.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The FAO promotes insect farming as a sustainable solution for global food security. [SEP] Text: 121 121 Action Aid, Caritas Spain, Engineering without Borders – and Prosalus (2010) ‘Towards a new governance in food security’ (2010) 54, available at < accessed 2 July 2012. 122 122 Committee on Security, ‘Committee on Security. Thirty-Fourth Session. Proposals to Strengthen the Committee on Security (CFS) to Challenges’ (2008), available at <ftp://ftp. fao. org/docrep/fao/meeting/014/k3029e. pdf> accessed 14 October 2013. Committee on Security, ‘Concept note and terms of reference for the to assist with renewal of the Committee on Security (CFS)’ (2009), available at < accessed 2 July 2012. 123 123 for is an international network of NGOs and local communities involved in family agriculture. 124 124 Alliance against Hunger was called into life in 2003 by the Food and (FAO), Programme (WFP), for (IFAD) and on Research (CGIAR) to create a global network of CSOs and agriculture institutions in the fight against hunger and poverty. 125 125 FAO, ‘’ (2012), available at < accessed 3 July 2012. 126 126 FAO, ‘Reform of the Committee on Security. Final Version, 14, 15 and 17 October’ (2009) 2, available at < accessed 2 July 2012. 127 127 Ibid, 2–3. 128 128 FAO, on the of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of Security (FAO, Rome, 2012) 1. 129 129 Ibid, iv. 130 130 McKeon, N, ‘“One does not sell the land upon which the people walk”: and Global Governance’ (2013) 10(1) Globalizations 110. CrossRef2013. 132 132 CFS, ‘Principles for in Agriculture and Food Systems’, Forty-First Session, 13–18 October 2014, available at < accessed 15 December 2014.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: Conclusion and functional considerationsThe current study provides new evidence that SI can be instantly modulated according to attentional foci in healthy individuals. Importantly, the increase in SI is associated with better motor performance. Therefore, the instant modulation of SI induced by verbal instructions leaves open the possibility of influencing SI in a therapeutic setting, when abnormal SI is thought to impair motor function in neurological conditions such as FHD3. 1. Progress in brain research 136, 373–388 (2002). 10. 1007/s00221-004-1909-y (2004). 10. 1007/s00221-011-2610-6 (2011). 10. 1523/jneurosci. 3564-08. 2008 (2008). 10. 1152/japplphysiol. 91580. 2008 (2009). 10. 1016/j. clinph. 2009. 09. 010 (2010). 10. 1002/ana. 20270 (2004). 10. 1016/j. clinph. 2007. 06. 058 (2007). 10. 1097/WNR. 0b013e3283556522 (2012). 10. 1007/s00221-012-3207-4 (2012). 10. 1016/j. clinph. 2013. 01. 028 (2013). 10. 1007/s00221-012-3102-z (2012). 10. 1016/j. clinph. 2016. 03. 026 (2016). 10. 1016/bs. pbr. 2014. 11. 022 (2015). 10. 1523/jneurosci. 4094-12. 2013 (2013). 10. 1016/j. neurobiolaging. 2011. 12. 019 (2012). 10. 1111/apha. 12807 (2016). 10. 1002/mds. 870100505 (1995). 10. 1093/cercor/bhh017 (2004). 10. 1016/j. clinph. 2015. 02. 001 (2015). 10. 1080/1750984X. 2012. 723728 (2012). 10. 1080/00222895. 2011. 555436 (2011). 10. 1007/s00421-016-3346-6 (2016). 10. 1038/267717a0 (1977). 10. 1002/mus. 20290 (2005). 10.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Gut microbiome analysis is increasingly used to create personalized diet plans based on how a person processes nutrients. [SEP] Text: youtube Symbiosis | | | Journals | Guidelines | Membership | Blog | & as as & Issues 4066. 594720 6Department of 7Department of 94535 *Corresponding author: Walters, Department of and Immunology, University of CA Davis, 560595616, USA, Ph: 530-754-7242; Fax: 530-754-7240, E-mail: @ Received: February 24, 2014; Accepted: June 24, 2014; Published: June 27, 2014 Citation: (2014) Analysis of in Patients with Crohn’s Disease. 2(3): 1-13. DOI: Objective: The human intestine harbors trillions of commensal microbes that live in homeostasis with the host immune system. Changes in the composition and complexity of gut microbial communities are seen in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), indicating disruption in host-microbe interactions. Multiple factors including diet and inflammatory conditions alter the microbial complexity. The goal of this study was to develop an optimized methodology for fecal sample processing and to detect changes in the gut microbiota of patients with Crohn’s disease receiving specialized diets. Design: Fecal samples were obtained from patients with Crohn’s disease in a pilot diet crossover trial comparing the effects of a specific carbohydrate diet (SCD) versus a low residue diet (LRD) on the composition and complexity of the gut microbiota and resolution of IBD symptoms. The gut microbiota composition was assessed using a high-density DNA microarray PhyloChip. Results: DNA extraction from fecal samples using a column based method provided consistent results. The complexity of the gut microbiome was lower in IBD patients compared to healthy controls. An increased abundance of Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis) was observed in fecal samples from IBD positive patients. The temporal response of gut microbiome to the SCD resulted in an increased microbial diversity while the LRD diet was associated with reduced diversity of the microbial communities. Conclusion: Changes in the composition and complexity of the gut microbiome were identified in response to specialized carbohydrate diet. The SCD was associated with restructuring of the gut microbial communities. Keywords: IBD; Crohn’s Disease; Fecal microbiome; Diet Modification; PhyloWhat is already known about this subject?

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Insects are rich in protein, vitamins, and minerals, making them a nutritious food source. [SEP] Text: Ocena stanu zaopatrzenia w witaminę D w populacji osób dorosłych w Polsce [Assessment of the supply of vitamin D in the adult population in Poland]. Stand Med. Pediatr. 2014;11:609-617. 38. Walicka M, Jasik A, Paczyńska M, Wąsowski M, Tałataj M, Marcinowska-Suchowierska E. Niedobór witaminy D - problem społeczny [deficiency - a social problem]. Med. 2019;32(1):14-22. 39. Association between vitamin D supplementation and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2019 Aug;366. 40. Lisowska K, Bryl E. Rola witaminy D w rozwoju chorób autoimmunologicznych [The role of vitamin D in the development of autoimmune diseases]. Med Dosw. 2017;71(1):797-810. 41. Kemnic TR, Coleman M. Deficiency. In: Abai B, Abu-Ghosh A. , editors. StatPearls [Internet]. (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2019. Available from: 42. Szeleszczuk Ł, Kuras M. Znaczenie wapnia w metabolizmie człowieka i czynniki wpływające na jego biodostępność w diecie [The importance of calcium in human metabolism and factors affecting his biodability in diet]. Farm. 2014;3:16-22. 43. Suliburska J, Król W, Staniek H, Wójciak R, Reguła J, Marcinek K, Krejpcio Z. Ocena stanu odżywienia wapniem, magnezem, żelazem, cynkiem i miedzią kobiet w wieku 18-70 lat na podstawie analizy włosów [Assessment of nutritional status of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and copper for women aged 18-70 based on hairanalysis].

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: 58(3) Off to the right start: how pregnancy and early life can determine future animal health and production K. L. B D C. T. B K. L. C and P. I. + - of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. B School, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. C School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia. D Corresponding author. Email: kathy. gatford@adelaide. edu. au Science 58(3) 459-475 Submitted: 10 January 2017 Accepted: 23 August 2017 Published: 5 January 2018 Access 322. | Studies on the placenta of the sheep (Ovis aries L. ). Effect of surgical reduction in the number of caruncles. Crossref | GoogleScholar1093. | Development of muscle fibres in the fetal pig. Crossref | GoogleScholar914. | Pre-natal social stress and post-natal pain affect the developing pig reproductive axis. Crossref | GoogleScholar1081. | Infant mortality, childhood nutrition, and ischaemic heart disease in England and Wales. Crossref | GoogleScholar580. | Weight in infancy and death from ischaemic heart disease. Crossref | GoogleScholar836. | Effect of early gestation feeding, birth weight, and gender of progeny on muscle fiber characteristics of pigs at slaughter. Crossref | GoogleScholar929. | In utero effects on livestock muscle development and body composition. Crossref | GoogleScholar197. | The effect of birth weight on the estimated milk intake, growth and body composition of sow-reared piglets. Crossref | GoogleScholar520. Chavatte-(2016) Breeding animals for quality products: not only genetics. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 28, 94–111. | Breeding animals for quality products: not only genetics. Crossref | GoogleScholar504. | Comparative effects of a prenatal stress occurring during early or late gestation on pig immune response. Crossref | GoogleScholar258. | Ovarian development in intrauterine growth-retarded and normally developed piglets originating from the same litter. Crossref | GoogleScholar1576. | Effect of maternal dietary restriction during pregnancy on lamb carcass characteristics and muscle fiber composition. Crossref | GoogleScholar618.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Gut microbiome analysis is increasingly used to create personalized diet plans based on how a person processes nutrients. [SEP] Text: 37 bacterial species were decreased in representation in the stool samples of IBD+ participants as compared to negative controls. The most prominent phyla included Bacteroidetes (B) and Clostridia (C). 9). The bacterial families overrepresented in the increase in SCD included over 20 species of the non-pathogenic clostridia family. Many of these species were decreased in the participants of the LRD diet. A shift in the representation of several bacteria of Clostridia spp was observed with the diet change. However, increased microbial diversity was not associated with any change in the clinical status. pathogenesis of IBD is multifactorial and is a consequence of interplay between genetics, immune dysregulation and environmental factors. Within the last decade, advances in microbiome analysis have allowed a shift in focus to the importance of microbiota, its effects on intestinal homeostasis, and the development of IBD. An individual’s characteristics such as age, body mass index, and gender do not completely determine the population and dominance of specific enterotypes but play a role in shaping it [13,68]. A recent study involving monozygotic twins and their respective biological mothers showed that families shared a very similar bacterial makeup [69]. Diet, body fat composition and a variety of infections modify the gut Microbiota [7,70-74]. These findings suggest that gut microbiome may be altered or shaped by other factors in addition to the genetic factors or the dynamics between exposure to specific viruses or bacteria and the host. Intestinal epithelial permeability has been shown to be a determining factor in the development and progression of IBD and other inflammatory conditions. Disruption of the integrity of the tight junctions in the epithelial barrier, impaired mucin secretion and Paneth cell functions contribute to the increased permeability [75]. Epithelial barrier defects can be attributed to genetic susceptibility and gut inflammation [76,77]. The immunemodulators and biologic agents are being utilized to control gut inflammation. Another approach for controlling the intestinal inflammation may include reshaping the gut microbiota through diet interventions [78,79]. A change in the diet with potential inclusion of prebiotics and/or probiotics can alter the gut microbiota that is beneficial for human health. Our pilot study was focused on investigating the impact of two specific diets, in IBD patients, on the fecal microbiome in a controlled setting.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Insects are rich in protein, vitamins, and minerals, making them a nutritious food source. [SEP] Text: 521:637. 5’62:613. 2 Табл. 2. Ил. 7. Библ. 13. DOI: 10. 21323/2071-2499-2019-3-49-53 Полуфабрикаты из говядины как источник белка, витаминов и минеральных веществ для здорового питания Семенова А. А. , доктор техн. наук, Дыдыкин А. С. , канд. техн. наук, Деревицкая О. К. , канд. техн. наук, Асланова М. А. , канд. техн. наук, Беро А. Л. , канд. техн. наук ФНЦ пищевых систем им. В. М.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: | Response to LPS in female offspring from sows treated with cortisol during pregnancy. Crossref | GoogleScholar533. | Sources of variation in myofibre number within and between litters of pigs. Crossref | GoogleScholar3343. | Muscle cellularity and postnatal growth in the pig. Crossref | GoogleScholar917. | The influence of maternal nutrition on muscle fiber number development in the porcine fetus and on subsequent postnatal growth. Crossref | GoogleScholar2571. | The effect of maternal undernutrition before muscle differentiation on the muscle fiber development of the newborn lamb. Crossref | GoogleScholar2338. | Ontogeny of factors associated with proliferation and differentiation of muscle in the ovine fetus. Crossref | GoogleScholar359. | Causes of mortality in Yorkshire pigs from birth to 20 weeks of age. Crossref | GoogleScholar285. | Evaluation of piglet mortality in 28 two-breed crosses among eight breeds of pig. Crossref | GoogleScholar11. | Effect of restriction of placental growth on the concentrations of insulin, glucose and placental lactogen in the plasma of sheep. Crossref | GoogleScholar363. | Epigenetics: setting up lifetime production of beef cows by managing nutrition. Crossref | GoogleScholar797. (2003) Variable maternal nutrition and growth hormone treatment in the second quarter of pregnancy in pigs alter semitendinosus muscle in adolescent progeny. of Nutrition 90, 283–293. | Variable maternal nutrition and growth hormone treatment in the second quarter of pregnancy in pigs alter semitendinosus muscle in adolescent progeny. Crossref | GoogleScholar101. | Long-term, but not short-term, treatment with somatotropin during pregnancy in underfed pigs increases the body size of progeny at birth. Crossref | GoogleScholar146. | Influence of piglet birth weight on postnatal growth performance, tissue lipogenic capacity and muscle histological traits at market weight. Crossref | GoogleScholar103. | Low birth weight is associated with enlarged muscle fiber area and impaired meat tenderness of the longissimus muscle in pigs. Crossref | GoogleScholar206. (1991) Fetal and infant growth and impaired glucose tolerance at age 64. Journal 303, 1019–1022. | Fetal and infant growth and impaired glucose tolerance at age 64. Crossref | GoogleScholar295.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Gut microbiome analysis is increasingly used to create personalized diet plans based on how a person processes nutrients. [SEP] Text: Diet, microbes & immune responses: dissecting the role of diet and the gut microbiome in intestinal inflammation and cancer immunotherapy Research output: Thesis › Thesis fully internal (DIV) 26 Downloads (Pure) immune-mediated diseases and cancer are on the rise globally, partly due to the adoption of Western diets and lifestyles. Research increasingly shows that the gut microbiome, which is influenced by what we eat, plays a key role in regulating our immune system, metabolism, and response to medications. This PhD thesis investigates the link between diet, the gut microbiome, and its impact on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and cancer treatment. The first part of the thesis examines the connection between diet, gut microbiome composition, and inflammation in both patients with IBD and the general population. It found that diets rich in vegetables, legumes, grains, fruits, nuts, and fish are associated with an increase in gut bacteria that produce anti-inflammatory compounds. Conversely, diets high in processed foods, sugar, meat, and fast food were linked to bacteria known to promote intestinal inflammation. These results suggest that dietary habits play a crucial role in gut health and inflammation. The second part explores how diet and the gut microbiome affect cancer treatment, specifically immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. While ICB has revolutionized cancer care, it doesn't work for everyone. This PhD-research suggests that a Mediterranean diet could improve the effectiveness of ICB therapy, and that the gut microbiome plays a significant role in determining treatment effectiveness and potential side effects, such as intestinal inflammation. Overall, the findings of this thesis highlight how the gut microbiome can be influenced by diet and its potential for improving treatment outcomes in both IBD and cancer. Original languageEnglishQualificationDoctor of PhilosophyAwarding InstitutionUniversity of GroningenSupervisors/örk, Johannes, Co-supervisorAward date6-Nov-2024Place of Publication[Groningen]PublisherUniversity of GroningenDOstatusPublished - 2024 Access to Document 10. 33612/diss. 1126184183Title and contentsFinal publisher's version, 370 KB2. 2 MB1. 92 MB1. 92 MB2. 21 MB1. 3 MB6. 4 MB2. 43 MB2. 67 MB1. 79 MB1. 67 MB1. 54 MBAppendicesFinal publisher's version, 2. 24 MBPropositionsFinal publisher's version, 59. 8 KB Handle.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Insect farming will become the primary source of protein for most people within five years. [SEP] Text: Figure 6 Download asset Open asset Binding prediction analysis of eluted ligands. Percentage of total ligands in indicated dataset that are predicted to be canonical binders (blue), contain a C-terminal binding core (red), contain an N-terminal binding core (green), contain a central binding core (purple), or not predicted to bind (orange). We next assessed the positioning of binding cores within longer ligands. Within the T. gondii ligands, most (36/52) binding cores were at the very N-terminus with the peptide extending from the core’s C-terminus (Supplementary file 3). This occurred significantly more than randomly scrambled versions of the peptides (1/13) (p = 3. 1 x 10-5, comparison of proportions). There was no significant increase in proportions of ligands with an N-terminal extension (1/52) or an extension on both sides (15/52) compared to scrambled ligand sequences (0/13 and 12/13 respectively). Noteworthy was that 10/15 of the peptides with predicted extensions on both sides of a central core had an alternate binding core at the N-terminal side with a predicted affinity slightly weaker than the central binding core (Supplementary file 3). So, most peptides could bind either at the N-terminal end or in the center, and many of the ligands with central cores possessed an alternate N-terminal core. Among the N-terminal binders, the average C-terminal extension was 8. 7 amino acids and the extension varied considerably from 1 to 30 amino acids (Supplementary file 3). In summary, most of the long T. gondii predicted non-binders had an N-terminal binding core with a considerable C-terminal extension. The observation of C-terminally extended peptides among the T. gondii derived ligands prompted a similar analysis of the host ligand repertoire from infected cells. Among ligands from uninfected cells, 2. 3% had a C-terminal extension - the baseline of extended peptides in uninfected THP-1 cells. After T. gondii infection, the percentage of host ligands with a C-terminal extension significantly increased to 7. 2% (p<0. 0001, comparison of proportions) (Figure 6), a percentage that is less than half the T.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: | Catch-up growth in pigs: a relationship with muscle cellularity. Crossref | GoogleScholar1076. | Early developmental conditioning of later health and disease: physiology or pathophysiology? Crossref | GoogleScholar2411. | Administration of ACTH to restrained, pregnant sows alters their pigs’ hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. Crossref | GoogleScholar371. | Maternal corticosterone is transferred to avian yolk and may alter offspring growth and adult phenotype. Crossref | GoogleScholar1640. | Effect of pre-natal runting on the postnatal development of skeletal muscles in swine and rats. Crossref | GoogleScholar357. | Within-litter variation in the performance of piglets to three weeks of age. Crossref | GoogleScholar91. | Maternal corticosterone elevation during egg formation in chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) influences offspring traits, partly via prenatal undernutrition. Crossref | GoogleScholar55. | Effect of extra maternal feed supply in early gestation on sow and piglet performance and production and meat quality of growing/finishing pigs. Crossref | GoogleScholar248. | Programming the brain: common outcomes and gaps in knowledge from animal studies of IUGR. Crossref | GoogleScholar1238. | Developmental programming: a new frontier for the poultry industry? Crossref | GoogleScholar2158. | Early development of adiposity and insulin resistance after catch-up weight gain in small-for-gestational-age children. Crossref | GoogleScholar27. | ‘Subordination style’ in pigs? The response of pregnant sows to mixing stress affects their offspring’s behaviour and stress reactivity. Crossref | GoogleScholar80. | Programming the offspring of the pig by prenatal social stress: neuroendocrine activity and behaviour. Crossref | GoogleScholar1871. | Fetal growth and the adrenocortical response to psychological stress. Crossref | GoogleScholar220. | Changes in endocrine and neurochemical profiles in neonatal pigs prenatally exposed to increased maternal cortisol. Crossref | GoogleScholar164. | Direct, maternal and nurse sow genetic effects on farrowing-, pre-weaning- and total piglet survival. Crossref | GoogleScholar238.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Gut microbiome analysis is increasingly used to create personalized diet plans based on how a person processes nutrients. [SEP] Text: These results suggest that dietary habits play a crucial role in gut health and inflammation. The second part explores how diet and the gut microbiome affect cancer treatment, specifically immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. While ICB has revolutionized cancer care, it doesn't work for everyone. This PhD-research suggests that a Mediterranean diet could improve the effectiveness of ICB therapy, and that the gut microbiome plays a significant role in determining treatment effectiveness and potential side effects, such as intestinal inflammation. Overall, the findings of this thesis highlight how the gut microbiome can be influenced by diet and its potential for improving treatment outcomes in both IBD and cancer. AB - Chronic immune-mediated diseases and cancer are on the rise globally, partly due to the adoption of Western diets and lifestyles. Research increasingly shows that the gut microbiome, which is influenced by what we eat, plays a key role in regulating our immune system, metabolism, and response to medications. This PhD thesis investigates the link between diet, the gut microbiome, and its impact on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and cancer treatment. The first part of the thesis examines the connection between diet, gut microbiome composition, and inflammation in both patients with IBD and the general population. It found that diets rich in vegetables, legumes, grains, fruits, nuts, and fish are associated with an increase in gut bacteria that produce anti-inflammatory compounds. Conversely, diets high in processed foods, sugar, meat, and fast food were linked to bacteria known to promote intestinal inflammation. These results suggest that dietary habits play a crucial role in gut health and inflammation. The second part explores how diet and the gut microbiome affect cancer treatment, specifically immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. While ICB has revolutionized cancer care, it doesn't work for everyone. This PhD-research suggests that a Mediterranean diet could improve the effectiveness of ICB therapy, and that the gut microbiome plays a significant role in determining treatment effectiveness and potential side effects, such as intestinal inflammation. Overall, the findings of this thesis highlight how the gut microbiome can be influenced by diet and its potential for improving treatment outcomes in both IBD and cancer. U2 - 10. 33612/diss. 1126184183DO - 10. 33612/diss. 1126184183M3 - Thesis fully internal (DIV)PB - University of GroningenCY - [Groningen]ER - Bolte L.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Eating insects can entirely solve malnutrition and hunger in every region. [SEP] Text: Perspective: the Planet? Investigating bugs’ place at the sustainable table holds a PhD in the fields of Food Anthropology, Food Marketing, and from Concordia University. Her dissertation on edible insects, to Food: Entomophagy and the adoption of edible insects, examined the arrival of bugs on Québec plates. She writes, cooks and leads the non-profit Femmes Expertes, dedicated to amplifying women’s expertise in the public sphere. After reading and discussing this text, students should be able to: Critique sustainability claims used by some actors in the food industry. Articulate the risks of adopting single-focus solutions when addressing larger systemic problems. Explain how the material realities and symbolic representations of a food can overrun rational arguments about its benefits. bugs, save the planet. You’ve probably heard this catchy slogan or read something along the same lines. American and European eaters scramble to find more sustainable foods to fill their insatiable appetites, especially for protein, they’re considering all kinds of avenues: soy, other legumes, algae, even lab-grown meats. Some of the more daring among them are turning to critters that have long embodied the epitome of the inedible: insects. With their small size, their fast metabolism, their high feed conversion ratio, their capacity to thrive on a variety of foods, and their adaptability, bugs have convinced some advocates they are the greener alternative to industrially raised livestock. You can stack them in boxes, feed (some of) them your table scraps, raise them in an industrial hangar or even in your closet—as local as it gets. They’re said to emit very minimal greenhouse gases and to consume a fraction of the food and water needed to raise the equivalent weight in cattle. Sounds great, right? Maybe a little too great, in fact. There are many problems with this proposal. First, the actual benefits of eating insects are not that clear yet, and the ways in which they’re currently promoted and sold aren’t coherent with sustainability imperatives. Second, and perhaps most importantly, bugs are an extremely hard sell. Though about two billion people around the world consume them regularly and enthusiastically, most eaters in European-derived cultures consider them disgusting, dirty, and even dangerous, including many eaters from religious backgrounds.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: | Lower birth weight and attenuated adrenocortical response to ACTH in offspring from sows that orally received cortisol during gestation. Crossref | GoogleScholar672. | Cortisol administration to pregnant sows affects novelty-induced locomotion, aggressive behaviour, and blunts gender differences in their offspring. Crossref | GoogleScholar429. | Social rank of pregnant sows affects their body weight gain and behavior and performance of the offspring. Crossref | GoogleScholar422. | Prenatal stress in pigs: experimental approaches and field observations. Crossref | GoogleScholar1747. | Birth weight alters the response to postnatal high-fat diet-induced changes in meat quality traits and skeletal muscle proteome of pigs. Crossref | GoogleScholar548. | Growth and reproductive development of male piglets are more vulnerable to midgestation maternal stress than that of female piglets. Crossref | GoogleScholar125. | Low birth weight affects lifetime productive performance and longevity of female swine. Crossref | GoogleScholar1014. | Body composition and plasma lipid and stress hormone levels during 3 weeks of feed restriction and refeeding in low birth weight female pigs. Crossref | GoogleScholar83. | Growth and development of adipose tissue and gut and related endocrine status during early growth in the pig: impact of low birth weight. Crossref | GoogleScholar478. | Effects of prepartum stress and postpartum enrichment on mother–infant interaction and offspring problem-solving ability in Rattus norvegicus. Crossref | GoogleScholar1389. | Birth weight and postnatal dietary protein level affect performance, muscle metabolism and meat quality in pigs. Crossref | GoogleScholar3027. | Increased maternal nutrition of sows has no beneficial effects on muscle fiber number or postnatal growth and has no impact on the meat quality of the offspring. Crossref | GoogleScholar421. | Within-litter variation in muscle fiber characteristics, pig performance, and meat quality traits. Crossref | GoogleScholar971. | Association between postnatal catch-up growth and obesity in childhood: prospective cohort study. Crossref | GoogleScholar1524. | Early growth and death from cardiovascular disease in women. Crossref | GoogleScholar287.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Apps and services now offer personalized meal plans based on a user's health data and preferences. [SEP] Text: Ir al contenido (pulsa Retorno) Català LoginRegisterLog in (no UPC users) Toggle navigation mailworld English  Català userLogin  LoginRegisterLog in (no UPC users) Toggle navigation UPCommons. Global access to UPC knowledge 5. 630 Open-access theses in TDX You are here: les tesis les tesis JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it. Personalized meal by using different proteins based on 3D printing View/Open TFSM1de1. pdf (1,954Mb) 10. 5821/dissertation-2117-414773 Recolecta stats Includes usage data since 2022 Cita com:hdl:2117/414773 Show full item record Mirazimi, Tutor directorSaldo Periago, Jordi; Pujolà Cunill, Department Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Agroalimentària i typeDoctoral thesis Data de defensa2023-04-19 PublisherUniversitat Politècnica de accessAll rights reserved. This work is protected by the corresponding intellectual and industrial property rights. Without prejudice to any existing legal exemptions, reproduction, distribution, public communication or transformation of this work are prohibited without permission of the copyright holder Abstract (English) Currently, the use of 3D printing technology in the food sector is being considered, which can improve or displace some of the traditional methods of food manufacturing. The 3D printing market has grown significantly and is poised to grow in line with the digitization and robotization of manufacturing. This technology can allow relocation of food preparation and personalize diets adapting them to the personal needs of everyone (malnutrition, swallowing problems, diets for the elderly, athletes, children, pregnant women. . . ). On the other hand, we find ourselves with the problem of the scarcity of resources due to population growth and obtaining food through current production systems that will need to be revised to reduce the carbon footprint and energy consumption. Another factor to consider is also the waste generated during production, transformation and consumption. The use of personalized nutritional formulations from printable ingredients could be a solution, although it is still a challenge. The main objective has been to design different formulations of protein-enriched mashed potatoes for personalized diets.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Eating insects can entirely solve malnutrition and hunger in every region. [SEP] Text: Indeed, kosher and halal laws do not endorse the consumption of some species or life stages, such as larvae. (Grasshoppers and crickets are generally considered acceptable, since they are explicitly referenced in sacred texts. ) Because of these barriers, edible insects provide a rich case that illuminates the difficulties in changing food habits to incorporate more sustainable, or at least less environmentally destructive, behaviours. In this 11. 8; and Näak (Quebec, Canada), a whopping one for 2000. None of these companies cite a source, and the exact units of measurement they base their comparisons on isn’t clear. Such problematic disparities undoubtedly undermine the edible insect industry’s credibility: if they can’t get their numbers right, why should we trust them to feed us a food that’s already pretty unsettling? What’s more, they distort public perception in an area already subjected to much dispute, confusion, and controversy. Beyond insects, anything that creates doubtful claims around food sustainability or resembles greenwashing runs the risk of undermining all efforts to lower the environmental impact of our foodways. Aren’t Comparing different foods’ environmental impact to decide which one is more sustainable means that, down the line, one food will be chosen instead of others. Insects are probably more sustainable than many animal products. The problem is that they’re so dissimilar to meat that positioning them as a sustainable replacement is unlikely to convince you to ditch your steak or chop. From a sensory perspective, they don’t look like meat, they don’t taste or smell like it, and their mouthfeel is completely different. From a functional point of view, they’re mostly incompatible too: unless they’re ground into a patty with other binding ingredients, they can’t be pan-fried to medium-well and sliced as a single uniform piece; they don’t bleed or exude meaty juices; and they’re a multitude of small bits rather than an imposing piece of meat you can saddle with potatoes and two veg. From a symbolic perspective, they lack the prestige and importance generally accorded to meat in European-derived cultures; in fact, they’re seen as the opposite—as revolting famine foods.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: | Effects of prenatal restraint stress on hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical and sympatho–adrenomedullary axis in neonatal pigs. Crossref | GoogleScholar369. | Placental restriction in multi-fetal pregnancies and between-twin differences in size at birth alter neonatal feeding behaviour in the sheep. Crossref | GoogleScholar612. | Effects of oral doses of corn oil and other factors on preweaning survival and growth of piglets. Crossref | GoogleScholar1306. | Low birth weight predicts elevated plasma cortisol concentrations in adults from 3 populations. Crossref | GoogleScholar1254. | The effect of birth weight on glucose tolerance in pigs at 3 and 12 months of age. Crossref | GoogleScholar348. | Insulin sensitivity in juvenile and adult pigs of low and high birthweight. Crossref | GoogleScholar868. | Effects of birth weight on growth and carcass composition of swine. Crossref | GoogleScholar70. | Variation of piglets’ birth weight and consequences on subsequent performance. Crossref | GoogleScholar123. | Consequences of birth weight for postnatal growth performance and carcass quality in pigs as related to myogenesis. Crossref | GoogleScholar285. | Effects of maternal nutrition and porcine growth hormone (pGH) treatment during gestation on endocrine and metabolic factors in sows, fetuses and pigs, skeletal muscle development, and postnatal growth. Crossref | GoogleScholar203. | Corticosterone in chicken eggs. Crossref | GoogleScholar141. | The role of maternal nutrition, metabolic function and the placenta in developmental programming of renal dysfunction. Crossref | GoogleScholar1243. | Compensatory growth in runt pigs is not mediated by insulin-like growth factor I. Crossref | GoogleScholar53. | IFPA award in placentology lecture: complicated interactions between genes and the environment in placentation, pregnancy outcome and long term health. Crossref | GoogleScholar1442. | Meat science and muscle biology symposium: developmental programming in cattle: consequences for growth, efficiency, carcass, muscle, and beef quality characteristics. Crossref | GoogleScholar98. | Effects of prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine on adult disease in later life: an overview. Crossref | GoogleScholar440.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Apps and services now offer personalized meal plans based on a user's health data and preferences. [SEP] Text: The puree enriched with cricket protein and SPAH showed good mechanical properties for printing and self-supporting, but SPAH protein was not acceptable due to the taste and odor induced by the acid hydrolysis process, but in most cases the attributes sensory (firmness, thickness, smoothness, rate of breakdown, adhesive, and difficulty swallowing) were positively correlated with instrumental parameters and 3D printing. In conclusion, in this thesis, it has been shown that the enrichment of mashed potatoes with different proteins (soy, cricket) for 3D printing is feasible. This allows the customization of fortified foods for people with special needs. (Español) El mercado de la impresión 3D ha crecido significativamente y está preparado para crecer en línea con la digitalización y la robotización de la fabricación. Su uso en el sector alimentario puede dar lugar a grandes cambios tanto desde el punto de vista tecnológico como en el de fabricación. El uso de esta tecnología podría permitir la deslocalización de la preparación de los alimentos y la realización personalizada de dietas, adaptándolas a las necesidades personales de cada consumidor. Por otro lado, nos encontramos con problema de escasez de recursos por el crecimiento continuado de la población y que la obtención de alimentos a través de los sistemas de producción actuales comporta importantes efectos sobre el medioambiente, especialmente relevantes, sobre la huella de carbono y a nivel de consumo energético. Otro factor a considerar también son los residuos generados durante la producción transformación y consumo. El uso de formulaciones nutricionales personalizadas a partir de ingredientes imprimibles podría ser una solución, aunque no deja de ser un desafío.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Eating insects can entirely solve malnutrition and hunger in every region. [SEP] Text: Perhaps because of this incompatibility with meat, the edible insect industry has thus far mostly developed as a purveyor of foods to add to our already brimming plates, rather than as a replacement to unsustainable items. Though companies selling insect foods compare their impact to meat’s, most of them sell products that never contained meat at all—mainly convenience or snack foods such as protein bars. Worse even, many others promote bugs as an additional source of protein, in foods such as brownie mixes, cakes, breads, or crackers. This fits in with the current popularity of protein as an additive in a number of foods that never contained significant amounts, catering to consumer demand and to marketing imperatives—even though a large proportion of eaters already consume close to twice the recommended daily amounts. But addding yet more protein to our crowded diets undoubtedly makes them less sustainable, not more. In short, chewing on an insect protein bar between two carnist meals or adding cricket meal to your banana bread won’t stop global warming. a Beyond the number crunching, a fundamental problem remains with positioning insects as a sustainable food: in European-derived cultures, almost no one wants to eat them. Influencing food choice is an extremely complex task, and rational arguments—such as increased sustainability—just don’t work all that well. There is the theory—the top-down, logical calculation—and then the gritty, chewy, sensual practice of putting something in your mouth and swallowing it. Apart from some stringently “eco-aware” eaters, most consumers are primarily interested in the hedonic qualities of a food: Is this delicious? feel good when I eat it? And no one can be expected to durably adopt a food they consider unpalatable or repulsive, no matter how environmentally conscious they are. Yet many companies currently marketing insect products focus on abstract rational benefits rather than perceptible, measurable ones such as sensory pleasure. Most of them strive to mask the insect ingredient’s sensory properties with the use of spices, sweeteners, or strong flavourings. Näak, a Montreal-based company selling protein bars, even noticed a marked uptick in purchases once they lowered the amount of cricket flour their bars contained. Their consumers preferred the taste and texture of better-known ingredients and bought more bars, even though the environmental benefit attributable to bugs was lower.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: All behaviors can be understood solely through neural circuitry. [SEP] Text: Peer review processEditorsReviewer #1Reviewer #2Reviewer #3Reviewer #4Author ResponsePeer review processRevised: Preprint has been revised by the authors in response to the previous round of peer review; the eLife assessment and the public reviews have been updated where necessary by the editors and peer reviewers. Read more about eLife’s peer review process. of Washington, Seattle, of for Heart and #1 (Public Review): Dasguta et al. have dissected the role of Sema7a in fine tuning of a sensory microcircuit in the posterior lateral line organ of zebrafish. They attempt to also outline the different roles of a secreted verses membrane-bound form of Sema7a in this process. Using genetic perturbations and axonal network analysis, the authors show that loss of both Sema7a isoforms causes abnormal axon terminal structure with more bare terminals and fewer loops in contact with presynaptic sensory hair cells. Further, they show that loss of Sema7a causes decreased number and size of both the pre- and post-synapse. Finally, they show that overexpression of the secreted form of Sema7a specifically can elicit axon terminal outgrowth to an ectopic Sema7a expressing cell. Together, the analysis of Sema7a loss of function and overexpression on axon arbor structure is fairly thorough and revealed a novel role for Sema7a in axon terminal structure. #2 (Public Review): In this work, Dasgupta et al. investigate the role of Sema7a in the formation of peripheral sensory circuit in the lateral line system of zebrafish. They show that Sema7a protein is present during neuromast maturation and localized, in part, to the base of hair cells (HCs). This would be consistent with pre-synaptic Sema7a mediating formation and/or stabilization of the synapse. They use sema7a loss-of-function strain to show that lateral line sensory terminals display abnormal arborization. They provide highly quantitative analysis of the lateral line terminal arborization to show that a number of specific topological parameters are affected in mutants. Next, they ectopically express a secreted form of Sema7a to show that lateral line terminals can be ectopically attracted to the source.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Personalized nutrition is being researched to reduce the risk of certain diseases by optimizing dietary intake. [SEP] Text: [19] Similarly, with previous study found that Saudi females consume between 10 g and 14 g of fiber daily. [10] This study suggests that low fiber intake could be from the feeling of bloating and abdominal discomfort following consumption of fiber or that female students are not aware of the beneficial health effect of rich fiber diet. Prior reports suggest that the Saudi population is aware of which foods are rich in fiber and their health benefits; however, this does not reflect their diets, as they consume low quantities of fiber. [20] Leaving school, going to university, leaving the parental home, and having no cooking skills could lead young people to be more affected by an unhealthy food environment. [19] During their college years, students are more prone to engage in risky behaviors that can negatively affect their health. [12] Stress and the multitude of courses students have to attend could also affect their diets. As mentioned above in the literature, diet rich in fiber is known for their health advantages. [2,3,4,21] Moreover, fiber alters the gut flora and is linked to changes in mood status. [5] This could help students tolerate their exam stress and academic anxiety. Previous research found that high consumption of vegetables, fruit, bread and cereals, nuts and seeds, and legumes was correlated with lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. [22] The national guidelines recommend a daily fiber intake of 25 g/day for adult females. [23] In this context, the levels of fiber intake are considered an indicator of diet quality. [24] Contrary to expectations, this study did not find a significant correlation between fiber intake and academic levels, BMI, and weight. A prospective study conducted by Alquwaidi and colleagues revealed that in 2022, between 21% and 78% of women in will suffer from obesity. [25] The consumption of fiber increases the viscosity of the meal bolus in the stomach, which slows down the access of the digestive transit. [26] One of the strategies to prevent obesity is increasing fiber intake due to its effect on satiety and its promotion of slow digestion. [27] One surprising finding in our study was that fruits and vegetables contributed the lowest amount of fiber in the students’ diet (data not shown). An implication of this is the possibility that subjects need more awareness of the health benefits of fiber intake and including more fresh fruits and vegetables in their diet.

Output: corroborate