Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: Aloe vera, Godarre utta (W), Iret (A) fresh latex of Aloe vera is peeled and the inner white part is eaten directly. Or, the fresh peeled latex is mixed with water and taken orally. (H) The fresh latex of Aloe vera is pitched and the wound is painted by jelly substance from the latex in order to repel insects from landing. (HL) Artemisia abyssinica Sch. Bip. ex. Rich, wood Cuqqunniya (W), Chigugn (A) spirit The fresh roots of Artemisia abyssinica is squeezed with water and given orally to the patient. Or, the root is chopped and smelled. Artemisia afra, wood Naatiraa (W), Ariti (A) The fresh leaves of Artemisia afra are chewed and the juice swallowed. Or, the leaves are mixed with butter and drunk, specifically, pregnant women. Avena sativa L. Qambbaraa (W), Aja (A) Herb HL fractures, Weight gain, The dried seed of Avena sativa is ground and the powder is boiled with hot water. Thereafter, the prepared thick juice is given orally. (HL). Or, the powder is made to be porridge and eaten with milk. (H). Brassica nigra L. W. D. J. Koch, mustard Santta ayfiya (W), Senafich (A) The dried seeds of Brassica nigra together with Lepidium sativum seeds are ground. Thereafter, the powdered is mixed with water and the juice is given orally. Or, the dried seed of Brassica nigra is ground and mixed with water to be taken orally. Capsicum annum L. Qaariya (A), Kariya (A) Pod Stomachache/amoebiasis The chili distinguish three kinds of Capsicum spices: (1) 'Karya', the immature green fruits; (2) 'Berbère', the bulk of the red mature pungent fruits; which is mixed with fresh garlic, basil, ginger and rue and ground by traditional grinding mill with or without water. (3) 'Mitmita', the small extremely pungent fruits. One of these can be eaten with 'Enjera' to relieve the intestinal pain.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Stem cells are often used in bioartificial organ development because they can differentiate into different types of cells. [SEP] Text: Differentiation of CT-MSCs into fibroblasts was terminated after 14 days. Untreated CT-MSCs at 7 and 14 days were used as controls and showed no morphological changes (Figure 4A). This is compared to the prominent morphological changes when cultured in fibroblast induction medium (Figure 4B). The morphology of CT-MSCs cultured in fibroblast induction medium changed considerably from spindle shape to a more elongated shape (Figure 4B). Furthermore, the expression of collagen-3, desmin, FGF-7, and vimentin was up-regulated after 14 days (Figure 4C, D) while the expression of SSEA4 and OCT4 was down-regulated (Figure 4E, F). Figure 4In vitro differentiation of CT-MSCs into Fibroblasts. Untreated CT-MSC exhibit spindle shape morphology (A). Treated CT- MSCs exhibited more elongated spindles morphology after culturing in fibroblast differentiation medium (B). Results of RT-PCR indicate that differentiated cells were positive for fibroblast specific genes (collagen-3, vimentin, FGF-7, desmin). RT-PCR analysis also showed upregulated expression of fibroblast specific markers, collagen-3, vimentin, FGF-7, and desmin after 14 days of differentiation versus 7 days (C). Quantification of gel bands with ImageJ software (D). Expression of stem cell markers was downregulated at 14 days of culture in fibroblast differentiation media versus 7 days culture4 DiscussionRapid repair and management of large skin ruptures is often necessary for the survival of patients. Minor wounds may heal without intervention, however, severe skin injuries require additional care. For severe burn injuries, autologous skin grafting is the best option available. However, there are certain limitations that make this treatment option less practical [14, 15]. In the current study, CT-MSCs were differentiated into keratinocytes and fibroblasts with the future goal of using these to construct skin constructs. In the previous studies the MSCs isolated from different parts of placenta were either differentiated into fibroblasts or keratinocytes [16, 18].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Vertical farms are completely immune to pests and plant diseases due to their controlled environments. [SEP] Text: Deep migration learning-based recognition of diseases and insect pests in Yunnan tea under complex environments access Published: 05 July 2024 Deep migration learning-based recognition of diseases and insect pests in Yunnan tea under complex environments Zhaowen Li1,2, Jihong Sun2,3, Yingming Shen4, Ying Yang5, Xijin Wang6, Xinrui Wang1,2, Peng Tian1 & …Ye Qian1,2 Show authors 98. 58% and a verification accuracy rate of 98. 2310%. ConclusionsThese outcomes signify a significant stride towards accurate and timely detection, holding promise for enhancing the sustainability and productivity of Yunnan tea. Our findings provide a theoretical foundation and technical guidance for the development of online detection technologies for tea diseases and pests in Yunnan. IntroductionChina, renowned for its vast tea plantations and robust consumption, boasts a planting area of 43. 956 million mu, playing a pivotal role in propelling agricultural growth within the country. Yunnan, a prime tea-producing region, also serves as a global hub for Pu'er tea cultivation and trade. Statistics reveal that in 2020, Yunnan's tea plantations spanned 479,800 hectares, generating an output of 466,000 tons, topping the nation in both area and production. With an average annual yield of 970. 35 kg per hectare and an annual output value of 39,000 yuan per hectare [1], tea has emerged as a cornerstone industry in Yunnan, generating over 100 billion yuan in revenue. Pu'er tea, the epitome of Yunnan's tea heritage, primarily relies on big-leaf sun-dried green tea as its raw material. Consequently, the quality and yield of Pu'er tea are intimately linked to the characteristics of this specific tea variety, thereby exerting a profound influence on Yunnan's economic development and the livelihoods of farmers and related enterprises. Given that tea diseases and pests are detrimental to the growth and development of tea trees, leading to a decline in quality and yield, it is imperative to address these challenges effectively. Traditional methods of pest control, while sometimes effective, often have inherent limitations. Therefore, this research aims to delve into the strengths and weaknesses of these traditional approaches and, leveraging artificial intelligence technology, proposes an intelligent model that can circumvent their shortcomings.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: fine ground pod powder of Capsicum annum is mixed with water and drunk. (Two teaspoonful of powder would be used to mix in coffee cup). Capsicum frutescens L. Mixaamixuwa (W), Mitmita (A) The fresh pod of Capsicum frutescens is chewed and taken orally. Carica papaya L. Paappayaa (W), Papaya (A) The fresh fruit of Carica papaya is peeled and the flesh is taken orally with or without sugar. Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm. ) Swingle, Loomiya (W), Lomi (A) The fresh fruits of Citrus aurantiifolia are squeezed and the juice is taken orally, rinsed or kept in mouth. sickness (vomiting) The fresh fruit of Citrus aurantiifolia is can either be smelled or eaten. Coffee arabica L. Tukkiya (W), Buna (A) dried seeds of Coffee arabica are roasted and the smoke is smelled. Or, the roasted seeds are ground and boiled with hot water to be taken orally. (H). The dried seeds of Coffee arabica are roasted and ground. Thereafter, the powder is applied on the wound. (HL). Commelina benghalensis L. spiderwort Dal'iisha (W), Wof ankur (A) disease, 'chirt' (Shattuwa) The fresh and young stem of the Commelina benghalensis is squeezed and the jelly substance released is painted on the skin surface. Croton macrostachyus Hochst. ex Delile, foil Anka (W), Bisana (A) Slightly roasted fresh leave of Croton macrostachyus is hold and kept on the swells. Datura stramorium L. weed Macharara (W), Laflafuwaa(W), (A) dried seeds of Datura stramorium are boiled with butter and tooth is fumigated with steam vapor. (H). disease The dried leave is ground and mixed with water to be applied on the skin. (HL). Dovyalis abyssinica (A. Rich.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Stem cells are often used in bioartificial organ development because they can differentiate into different types of cells. [SEP] Text: However, the current study is novel in that MSCs are isolated from umbilical cord tissue and we demonstrate successful differentiation into both types of skin cells (fibroblasts and keratinocytes). The isolation and subsequent differentiation of same cells into both types of cells is more convenient for the reconstruction of artificial skin substitutes. A caveat of our study is that we have not evaluated the utility of these differentiated skin cells in vitro or in vivo. MSCs from the umbilical cord tissue were isolated by the explant culture method. This method is inexpensive and provided pure MSC population [13, 16]. We observed cell outgrowth within a week after the initial culture. Following 2-3 weeks of culture, a sufficient number of cells was obtained, which allowed for further experiments. The MSCs from tissue pieces exhibited plastic adherent growth, spindle shaped morphology and positive expression of MSCs genes (CD29, CD44, CD73 CD90) and no expression of CD45 (a hematopoietic marker). These results were similar to already published reports [4, 10, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23]. CT-MSCs showed high proliferative potential as determined by plating efficiency and number of population doublings. The clonogenic potential of CT-MSCs was determined by plating efficiency amd was 4. 225±1. 7. This was also similar to previous studies in the literature [24, 27]. The number population doublings of CT-MSCs was 24. 67±0. 445 and their doubling time was 51±3 hours. Similar results were reported by Choudhery and colleagues [13], and Mahmoud et al. [16]. To differentiate CT-MSCs into skin cells (fibroblasts and keratinocytes), they were cultured in respective differentiation medium for 2 weeks. In keratinocyte induction medium, differentiated CT-MSCs exhibited polygonal morphology which was similar to keratinocytes [28]. The differentiated cells were positive for the expression of CK1, CK10 and CK14 markers. Previous studies have demonstrated that keratinocytes express these markers [29, 30]. The CT-MSCs which were differentiated into fibroblasts with fibroblast differentiation medium, became more elongated when compared to the control.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Vertical farms are completely immune to pests and plant diseases due to their controlled environments. [SEP] Text: This model strives to achieve intelligent, rapid, and accurate identification of tea diseases and pests in the complex planting environment, paving the way for more sustainable and efficient tea production in China. Machine learning techniques have the capability to significantly enhance model performance by exploring the intricate nonlinear relationships between prediction factors and targets [2, 3]. Consequently, they have gained widespread adoption in the realm of crop diseases and pests, encompassing diverse crops such as tobacco [4], rice [5, 6], corn [7], wheat [8], sugarcane [9], panax notoginseng [10], cucumber [11], and tomato[12]. The primary research approach involves constructing feature vectors based on characteristics like color, shape, and texture associated with the diseases. Subsequently, algorithms such as random forest [13] and support vector machine (SVM) [14] are employed for classification. Nevertheless, these traditional methods are fraught with challenges such as inconsistent feature extraction, limited adaptability, sensitivity to missing data, and overfitting issues in complex classification or regression tasks [15]. For instance, et al. [16] developed a disease spot image recognition model for wheat leaf disease, leveraging various traditional machine learning algorithms. Although the SVM model demonstrated the highest recognition accuracy of 91. 31%, the traditional image recognition process involves numerous steps and methods, making it challenging to select the most suitable approach and limiting the ability to achieve automatic feature extraction. Similarly, Vimal K. Shrivastava et al. [17] introduced a rice disease classification model utilizing only color features from 619 image datasets, achieving a classification accuracy of 94. 65%. However, this approach still relies on manual feature extraction, which can be both tedious and prone to human error. Kishore et al. [18] and other researchers have also explored the application of machine learning in crop disease detection, but they have encountered similar limitations associated with traditional methods. Given these challenges, there is a pressing need to explore more advanced techniques, particularly those leveraging artificial intelligence, to overcome these limitations and enhance the accuracy and efficiency of crop disease detection and classification. With the rapid advancement of machine learning technologies, deep learning has emerged as a focal point of research in computer vision and image recognition [19]. Among the various deep learning techniques, the Network (CNN) model has garnered significant attention.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: ) Kooshimiya (W), Koshim (A) The fresh leaves of Dovyalis abyssinica are chewed and hold on the tooth. Echinops kebericho, Boorisaa (W), Kebericho (A) The fresh root of Echinops kebericho is chewed and swallowed. Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn. millet Dagusaa (W), Dagusa (A) pain The dried seeds of Eleusine coracana are ground mix with food to be taken orally. Ensete ventricosum (Welw), Uuttaa (W), Enset (A) strengthen The root of fresh Ensete ventricosum is processed and the end product called 'Kocho' made to be porridge is taken orally specially for pregnant women and injured patients. 'Kocho' is made to flat bread called 'Kita' and taken orally. Eucalyptus globulus Labill. , blue gum Paranjjaa zaafiya (W), Nech baherzaf (A) Bud Cough/cold The fresh leave buds of Eucalyptus globulus are pinched and sometimes mixed with Solanecio gigas leave and boiled with water. Or, Its leaves are boiled in hot water and patient covers his/her face with some cloth and inhales the steam evaporating. Seed Stomachache/fresh seed coverage is chewed and swallowed. Euphorbia abyssinica J. F. Gmel. , (W), Qulqual (A) fresh latex of Euphorbia abyssinica is ground and applied on the bitten section (H). Or, given orally (L). Euphorbia tirucalli L. cactus Maaxxuwa (W), Kinchib (A) The fresh latex of Euphorbia tirucalli is pitched and the falling milk like white fluid is dropped on the hemorrhoids. Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce ex Steud. ) J. F. Gmel. , Koosuwa (W), Koso (A) Fruit, Leave Stomachache/worm The fresh fruits of Hagenia abyssinica and sometimes their leaves are squeezed with water and taken orally. Hordeum vulgare L.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Stem cells are often used in bioartificial organ development because they can differentiate into different types of cells. [SEP] Text: Furthermore, these induced cells were positive for collagen-3, desmin, FSP-1 7 and vimentin which are fibroblast specific markers [31, 32, 33]. We also showed that during differentiation into skin cells (fibroblasts and keratinocytes), MSCs exhibited a progressive down regulation of pluripotency markers SSEA4 and OCT4 [34, 35]. In this study we demonstrate that MSCs with standard characteristics can be isolated from human placenta using the explant culture technique. These CT-MSCs can then be induced in vitro to differentiate into skin cells such as fibroblasts and keratinocytes. This successful differentiation was characterized by morphological changes and changes in gene expression profile. We propose that these cells may be used in the future to prepare an artificial skin substitute for use as a treatment for severe burn injuries. 143. Search in 81. 10. 1097/BCR. 0b013e3181f9353aSearch in 14. 10. 1016/j. jneumeth. 2012. 12. 026Search in 31. 10. 1038/nrm3049Search in 9. 10. 1038/icb. 2012. 64Search in 24. 10. 1002/path. 2469Search in 13. 10. 3181/0712-RM-356Search in 9. 10. 1016/j. stem. 2008. 03. 002Search in 103. 10. 1016/j. arr. 2010. 08. 005Search in 26. Search in 62. 10. 1007/s12015-006-0022-ySearch in 40. 10. 1007/s12015-012-9418-zSearch in 43. 10. 1016/j. jcyt. 2012. 11. 010Search in 31. 10. 1146/annurev. cellbio. 21. 012704. 131525Search in 17. 10. 4236/cellbio. 2012. 12003Search in 2015. 10. 1155/2015/841062Search in 2006. EMBS'06. 28th Conference of the IEEE 2006 Aug 30 (10. 1109/IEMBS. 2006. 259866Search in 253. Search in 19. 10. 1016/S0091-679X(08)00006-XSearch in 33. 10.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Vertical farms are completely immune to pests and plant diseases due to their controlled environments. [SEP] Text: This model, leveraging depth hash and an integrated self-encoder, exhibits superior MAP (Precision) scores compared to state-of-the-art methods. On the other hand, G [31] and his team proposed the development and implementation of a real-time disease prediction system, employing convolutional neural networks (CNN) on a Platform as a Service (PaaS) cloud. and colleagues [32] introduced an approach for tea disease recognition, grounded in transfer learning. Notably, this method achieved a remarkable recognition accuracy rate of 92. 66% even under challenging conditions of limited and unevenly distributed samples. et al. [33] put forth an image clustering method leveraging a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) for detecting tea disease areas. Experimental results demonstrated the algorithm's ability to detect persistent disease types in tea, achieving an average accuracy of 83%. Furthermore, and his team [34] proposed a tea disease recognition method based on an improved deep convolutional neural network (CNN), achieving an average recognition accuracy of 92. 5%. et al. [35] introduced a spectral extraction method focused on the region of interest within the speckle region. This approach enabled the neural network structure-based ELM model to attain a classification accuracy of 95. 77%. These advancements not only demonstrate the significant progress made in the field of tea disease and pest recognition but also highlight the potential of deep learning techniques in enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of such recognition systems. Nevertheless, there are some limitations in the application of convolutional neural networks (CNN) in the field of crop disease and pest recognition. While a large amount of training data is essential to train an accurate and efficient recognition model, the collection of crop disease and pest image data is difficult, time-consuming and labor-intensive. Additionally, the demand for training data and computational resources during the development process is quite large, which may be difficult to fulfill in some application scenarios. Therefore, improving the efficiency of CNN development has become an urgent problem currently. Based on the previous research results and the current development of China's tea industry, this study aims to combine deep learning algorithms to develop an automatic classification model of disease and pest digital images for small samples of leaf kind of tea in complex environments, and at the same time, explore ways to improve the development efficiency of CNNs in order to expand the feasibility of their application in small agricultural environments.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: Banggaa (W), Gebis (A) Seed 'Wugat', Weight gain The dried seeds of Hordeum vulgare is ground and the powder is mixed with water. Thereafter, boiled in hot water and taken orally. Lepidium sativum L. Sibbikka (W), Fetto (A) The dried seeds of Lepidium sativum is ground and mixed with Allium sativum. Thereafter, a little water is added and the prepared sauce is eaten with 'Enjera'. Or, the sauce is with tablespoonful of honey is taken before breakfast. Linum usitatissimum L. Talbbaa (W), Telba (A) fractures, Weight gain, Liver disease The dried seeds of Linum usitatissimum are ground and mixed with water. Thereafter, the prepared thick fluid is taken orally. strengthen The dried seed of Linum usitatissimum is fine ground and made to be porridge is taken orally specially for pregnant women and injured patients. Lippia adoensis Hochst. tea Kosrotiya (W), Koseret (A) The dried or fresh leaves of Lippia adoensis are chewed or the ground leave powder is added into already prepared coffee to be taken orally. Manihot esculenta Crantz. Mitta boyyiya (W), Kassba (A) The fresh leaves of Manihot esculenta is squeezed with water and the juice is given orally specifically for chicken. Moringa stenopetala (Bakerf. ) Cufod, Halakkuwa (W), Shiferaw (A) fresh leaves of Moringa stenopetala is boiled in hot water and taken orally. Or, the dried leaves are ground and made to be tea called 'Moringa tea' which is also to be taken orally. Musa accuminata Colla, Muuziya (W), Muz (A) disease/small amount of creamy flesh of fresh peeled banana (Musa accuminata) has been applied on the raised and colored spots on the surface of the skin (pimple). Nicotiana tabacum L. Tambbuwa (W), Tinbaho (A) dried ground powder of Nicotiana tabacum leave is sometime mixed with coffee arabica powder and applied on the wound.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The field of regenerative medicine is closely related to bioartificial organs, with the goal of creating fully functional organs for transplantation. [SEP] Text: Editorials| July 08 2021 Bioartificial Organs: Subject Area: Pathology and Bartolo 0000-0003-3774-9114 Bartolo aInstitute on Membrane Technology, Council of Italy, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy loredana. debartolo@cnr. it Search for other works by this author on: PubMed 367. 367. Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) toolbar search Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search : Bioartificial organs, Biomaterials, Tissue engineering, surgery treatment for patients with tissue loss or end-stage organ failure is increasing due to the aging of the worldwide population and the progression of pathologies limiting or affecting organ functionality. Transplantation certainly represents the gold standard approach to saving life, but is limited by the scarce availability of organs and the unplanned availability of donors. As a direct consequence, there has been a growing demand from surgery for biological substitutes able to restore, maintain temporarily, or improve organ function. A device available on demand that can be implanted or integrated into a human body – interfacing with living tissue – offers the possibility to restore defective/failed organs, either temporarily or permanently. Recent advances in biomaterials, innovation in processing technologies, highly durable devices, progresses in decellularization of animal tissue and organs, and cell-based therapies have brought bioartificial organs closer to realization in clinics. Physiologically relevant organ substitutes result from the merging of heterogeneous cell types with multifunctional materials to recapitulate native organ geometries, components, and functions. On one hand, the main concern for bioartificial organs is the assembling process of heterogeneous living cells in predesigned architectures, including hierarchical vascular, neural, and/or lymphatic networks, thus guaranteeing the expected functionality. On the other hand, multiple bioengineering approaches include bioprinting organs and tissues, recellularization strategies, cellular repair or regeneration, and new functional biomaterials for the next generation of devices. Dynamic systems, such as bioreactors, have been developed and optimized to provide adequate oxygenation, and guarantee transport of nutrients to, and metabolic products from, the tissue. Altogether, these systems offer a precise control over multiple heterogeneous cell types and material components, which is required to recapitulate physiological functions, and re-establish the human body’s fundamental needs.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Vertical farms are completely immune to pests and plant diseases due to their controlled environments. [SEP] Text: Experimental materials and methodsDuring the tea planting process, an extensive collection of over 1800 original field images of tea leaves was assembled. These images were subsequently categorized into 10 distinct disease and pest groups, thus establishing a comprehensive dataset specific to leaf kind of tea. Given the limited quantity and unbalanced distribution of the data, we employed data augmentation techniques to broaden the dataset's scope. Prior to training, the model was pre-trained on the ImageNet dataset, and the shared parameters obtained from this pre-training were then transferred to our tea disease and pest identification model for further fine-tuning and optimization. To assess the performance of various classification approaches, we explored and compared six high-performing image classifiers: Xeption [36], VGG-16 [37], ResNet-50 [38], Inception V3 [39], MobileNetV2 [40], and DenseNet201 [41] within the context of transfer learning. Additionally, we analyzed the impact of diverse fine-tuning strategies, varying learning rates, and various attention mechanisms on the model's classification accuracy. After a thorough evaluation, the model exhibiting the most optimal performance was chosen to develop a disease and pest classification model tailored for the limited samples of leaf kind of tea in complex environments. This model was further enhanced through the integration of transfer learning techniques and an embedded attention mechanism. Finally, the effectiveness of the optimized model was rigorously verified. Test data collectionGathering a comprehensive tea disease dataset in a natural environment serves as the foundation for accurate disease and pest recognition in complex settings. 2, 2022, the images of tea diseases used in this experiment were meticulously captured from the tea garden planting base of Longrun Pu'er of University. To assess the precision of capturing images in the natural environment using portable devices, a mobile phone (specifically, an Iphone13 with 12 megapixels and a Huawei P50pro with 50 megapixels) was employed as the shooting equipment. The camera was positioned 10 ~ 15 cm away from diseased tea leaves and 20 ~ 35 cm away from insect pests. Varied shooting angles, including front, overhead, and side shots, were utilized to capture the diseases and pests. The imaging background naturally included interfering elements such as tea branches, soil, and other insects, ensuring the authenticity of the disease data, as illustrated in Fig. 1.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: Nigella sativa L. cumin Tikur azmud (A) Karetta sawuwa (W) The fresh leaves of Nigella sativa is crushed and pounded with Ruta chalepensis, Lepidium sativum and sometimes Allium sativum. Thereafter, the ground mixture is taken orally with a spoonful of honey before breakfast. Ocimum gratissimum L. Gulluwa (W), Damakese (A) malaise (Mitch), fresh leaves of Ocimum gratissimum are boiled in hot water and the juice is taken orally. Ocimum lamiifolium Hochst. ex Benth. , Gulluwa (W), Damakessie (A) The fresh or dried leave of Ocimum lamiifolium is crushed and added to already prepare coffee. Or, the fresh or dried leaves are squeezed with water and take orally before food in morning. Pentas spp. , (W) Herb HL fractures The fresh leaves of the plant is boiled with hot water and given orally. The fresh leave of the plant is crushed and squeezed. Then, the thick liquid is filtrated and taken orally twice a day or one, accordingly. Persea americana Mill. , Abokkaduwaa (W), Abokados (A) The fresh fruit of Persea americana is peeled and the flesh taken orally. Fruit Dandruff, skin disease The fresh fruit of Persea americana is applied on the injured skin surface. Rhamnus prinoide L′Hér. Geeshuwa (W), Gesho (A) The fresh leaves or ripened fruit of Rhamnus prinoide are chewed and the juice is swallowed. Ruta chalepensis L. Xalotiya (W), Tena adam (A) The fresh leaves of Ruta chalepensis are boiled with tea or coffee and taken orally. Or, the leaves are squeezed with water and the juice is taken orally. spirit 'Goromootiya' or 'Buda'. The fresh leave of Ruta chalepensis is given to Evil spirited patients directly or in mixture with already prepared coffee or tea. If the patient is hesitate to take due to it's smell, then, they conclude that the patient is evil spirited. Solanium macrocarpon L.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The field of regenerative medicine is closely related to bioartificial organs, with the goal of creating fully functional organs for transplantation. [SEP] Text: Novel concepts of bioreactor design and material were introduced to enhance the ability to trigger biological signals promoting tissue morphogenesis. Micro-tissues inducing the self-assembly of cells in clusters or organoids is today a reality. In this process, a critical role is played by the material properties (e. g. , physico-chemical, structural, mechanical, permeability properties) that can modulate the morphology and functionality of cells, guiding them towards complex 3D tissue architecture. Issue aims to provide an overview of biomaterials, cells, advanced systems, and devices applied to bioartificial organs in regenerative and reparative medicine. The targeted goal was to highlight how many interesting and valuable opportunities, each highly reliable and efficient in the quest for innovative testing tools and specific therapeutic approaches, are available to tissue engineers today. All the pillars in terms of biomaterials, scaffolds, 3D cell culture, and physiologically relevant bioreactors are presented and discussed. This issue begins with two works reporting innovative approaches to repairing and replacing cells, tissues, and organs that are currently available worldwide to meet the need for patients’ organs. The first, in the field of liver tissue engineering, considers induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which are recognized as one of the most promising candidate therapies. Yao et al. [2021] report a very integrative study showing their potential use in the modeling and treatment of liver disease. The current state of efforts to derive human iPSCs to be used in the bioartificial liver is first presented. Then, strategies based on organ decellularization and aimed to promote cell removal, the preservation of extracellular matrix components, and vascular tree integrity are discussed. They are all particularly challenging to building an implantable vascularized solid organ. The second is based on the evidence that recellularization of a decellularized cadaveric organ scaffold with human cells is currently the most promising approach to building a complex solid vascularized organ. An efficient approach to promoting human-sized whole-liver scaffold decellularization is proposed by Faccioli et al. [2021]. The success of whole-organ engineering will require the optimization of protocols to produce biologically active scaffolds, the production of the massive quantities of cells needed for recellularization, and the engineering of a bioreactor with physiological stimuli to recapitulate organ function.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Vertical farms are completely immune to pests and plant diseases due to their controlled environments. [SEP] Text: In total, 97 photos of tea algal leaf spot, 322 photos of tea white spot, 75 photos of tea wheel spot diease, 157 photos of tea round red spot disease were collected. Additionally, 101 photos of empoasca pirisuga matumura, 339 photos of tea seed bug, 42 photos of stink bug, and 93 photos of neshnv were captured to document the insect pests. Then, 385 photos of powdery mildew of tea and 261 photos of healthy tea leaf were crawled from the network to increase data diversity. This comprehensive dataset provides a robust foundation for further analysis and the development of accurate recognition models in the realm of artificial intelligence. Fig. 1Samples of diseases and pests in large-leaf sun-dried green tea with large leavesFull size imageTest data enhancement and data set productionConvolutional neural networks require an adequate number of samples to learn image features effectively, thereby enhancing the recognition accuracy of the target images. When the sample size is insufficient, it can significantly impact the model's training outcome, potentially leading to issues such as overfitting [42] and diminished generalization capabilities, ultimately reducing the model's practical utility. To enhance the generalization capacity of our network, we leveraged the ImageDataGenerator tool from the Keras framework in conjunction with Python. This approach allowed us to compress the image resolution to 640 × 640 pixels while simultaneously expanding the sample set through various data augmentation techniques. These techniques included random rotations of up to 30°, random horizontal and vertical shifts with an amplitude of 0. 1, shear transformations with an intensity of 0. 2, random zooming with an intensity of 0. 2, and random horizontal and vertical flips. As depicted in Fig. 2, the images were labeled and categorized accordingly. The labels included TALS (tea algal spot disease), TWSD (tea white spot disease), TWS (tea wheel spot disease), TRRSD (tea round red star disease), PM (powdery mildew of tea), HL (healthy tea), EPM (empoasca pirisuga matumura), SB (stink bug), N (neshnv), and TSB (tea seed bug). To construct a comprehensive database of tea diseases and pests, the labeled images were imported into a computer in jpeg format. This database was then used to train the model on various diseases and pests affecting the leaf kind of tea.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: Santta buluwa (W), Embuaye (A) fresh leave of Solanium macrocarpsm is ground and mixed with butter. Thereafter, the mixture is boiled and taken orally. Solanium incanum L. apple Bulluwa (W) Embuaye (A) The fresh root of Solanium incanum is chewed and the juice is swallowed. Sorghum bicolor (L. ) Moench, Maldduwa (W), Mashila (A) disease The dried or sometimes fresh seeds of Sorghum bicolor are chewed and the juice is spit on skin. Spilanthes mauritiana DC. , Aydamiia (W), The fresh fruit of Spilanthes mauritiana is chewed and the juice is swallowed. Syzygium guineense subsp. Macrocarpum (Engl. ) F. Water berry Ochchaa (W), Doqima (A) The fresh bark of Syzygium guineense is ground and mixed in water to be taken orally. Thymus schimperi Ronniger, Zimbanuwaa (W), Tosign (A) The dried leaves are chopped and boiled with water to make a tea of Thymus schimperi. Or, the dried stem or leaves of Thymus schimperi is ground and the powder would be added to already prepared coffee or tea is taken orally. Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Shuqquwa (W), Abish (A) The dried seeds of Trigonella foenum graecum are ground and its powder is used for wound dressing. Triticum dicoccon (Schrank) Schübl, Banggaa (W), Sinde (A) Herb HL fractures, Weight gain The dried seeds of Triticum dicoccon are directly given to eat. (L). The dried seeds of Triticum dicoccon is ground to make porridge. Thereafter, the porridge is given orally. (H). Verbascum sinaiticum Benth. , Yahiya joro (A) bite The fresh or dried root of Verbascum sinaiticum is crushed slightly and given for chewing soon after snake bait. Vernonia amygdalina, Sch. Bip.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The field of regenerative medicine is closely related to bioartificial organs, with the goal of creating fully functional organs for transplantation. [SEP] Text: The production of biologically active scaffolds depends strongly on the optimization of a decellularization protocol. In the field of heart tissue engineering, current approaches and advances are highlighted by Morrissey et al. [2021]. Novel technological approaches in cardiac tissue repair are represented by 3D bioprinting that allows for the design of precisely controlled and spatially organized structures, which lead to solutions in tissue repair. This technology is particularly attractive in the design and fabrication of custom-made devices intended for the maturation of the cardiac tissue, a process that has been shown to increase the viability of implants. Recent progress in 3D printing of cardiac tissue and valves are summarized in the review by Sedlakova et al. [2021]. Pien et al. [2021] present a critical review on the relationships between fabrication processes and tubular bioartificial organs. The review focuses on hollow tubular organs for the transport of anabolites and catabolites, that is, vessels, trachea, and esophagus, ureter and urethra, and intestine. The design and development of tubular organs is described, taking into account the anatomic hierarchy and their principal physiological functions. 3D bioprinting, solution electrospinning, and melt electrowriting are presented together with their capacity to match the requirements imposed by designing scaffolds compatible with the anatomical and physiologically relevant environment. Membrane technology offers interesting opportunities for the design of bio/artificial organs and tissue analogues, as well as for drug and cell delivery providing new specific cell therapy with high reliability and efficacy. Nano and micro-structured membranes combined with functional cells can be used for the creation of tissue analogous because of the high control at molecular level of the cell microenvironment. These systems compartmentalize cells in micro- and nano-structured complexes, providing a wide surface area for cell adhesion and ensuring a continuous and selective transport of nutrients and metabolites to and from cells. Interestingly, membranes in fiber configuration with precisely controlled and tunable properties can direct and control the function of different kinds of cells toward the recovery from disorders and injuries. The review by Morelli et al. [2021] summarizes the development of hollow fibers and electrospun fiber membranes used in bioartificial organs, tissue engineered constructs, and in vitro bioreactors, with a special focus on bioartificial liver and neuronal tissue applications.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Vertical farms are completely immune to pests and plant diseases due to their controlled environments. [SEP] Text: Through literature analysis, the research status in the field of tea diseases and pests identification was analyzed, and the in-depth learning methods and frameworks suitable for this task were studied. (2) Data acquisition and data pre-processing. Images of diseased leaves and pests of large leaf tea plants in the tea garden planting base of University were collected. After image acquisition, the ImageDataGenerator generator in the keras framework was used to preprocess the images, and the sample set was expanded through image random rotation, random offset, shear transformation and other data enhancement methods to build a large leaf tea plant disease and pest data set. (3) Model construction and optimization. Combined with the task and data set feature analysis in this paper, we comprehensively compared the performance of Xception, VGG-16, ResNet-50, Inception V3, MobileNetV2 and DenseNet20 in migration learning, selected the best performance model to build a disease and pest classification model for the leaves of small sample Yunnan large leaf tea plants in complex environments, and then optimized the model through migration learning and embedded attention mechanism, and verified the effectiveness of the model. (4) Model validation and experimental results analysis. For the optimized model, the validation set is used to predict, and the confusion matrix is drawn to objectively and comprehensively evaluate its recognition performance and classification results, further verifying the effectiveness of the model in this paper. Fig. 3Technology roadmapFull size imageModel designTrainingUtilizing the transfer learning approach, we fine-tuned the weights of a pre-trained basic CNN architecture, originally trained on the ImageNet dataset, for application on the tea image dataset. We conducted a comparative analysis of various common CNN architectures, evaluating their performance across different model parameters and data augmentation techniques. Based on this analysis, we designed a unified model architecture as depicted in Fig. 4. Initially, the pre-processed and standardized dataset is fed into the model, excluding the top layer, enabling feature extraction through the convolutional layers. Subsequently, global average pooling is employed to achieve feature dimensionality reduction. Finally, a softmax layer is utilized for classifying tea diseases and pests. This approach ensures that each feature map is directly associated with the classification probability, eliminating the need for a fully connected layer and thus mitigating the generation of additional training parameters. This reduction in parameters minimizes the risk of overfitting [49]. Fig.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: , bitterleaf Garaa (W), Girawa (A) leaves of Vernonia amygdalina are mixed with Rumex nervosus and Justicia schimperiana leave. Thereafter, the mixed leaves are squeezed together with water and the resulting juice is taken orally. Vernonia hymenolepis' dried or sometimes fresh leaves are crushed and placed on a wound is to stop bleeding. spirit The fresh shoot of Vernonia amygdalina is ground and mixed with water, filed in the beaker and stand in front of the room. When an evil spirited person enters to the home, the water in the beaker fall and the patient is identified. Zingiber officinale Rosc. , Yenjjeeluwa (W), Zinjibil (A) The peeled fresh rhizome of Zingiber officinale is chewed and the resulting juice is swallowed. Sometimes it can be used with Artemisia afra. Rhizome Cough/cold The peeled fresh rhizome of Zingiber officinale is ground with mortar and pestle. Thereafter, the crushed is boiled by water by 70 - 120oC to 10 minutes and the prepared juice called 'Kishir shai' is drunk as it cool enough to take via mouth. The fresh rhizome is crushed and chewed. Key: Local name: A = Amharic, W = Wolaita; Used to treat: H = human, L = livestock, HL = human and livestock. Enjera is a kind of unleavened flat and thin bread made of 'tef' Eragrostis tef (Zucc. ). Table 2: Disease category, abbreviations of reported diseases and informant’s consensus factor No. Category name and abbreviations Reported diseases No. species Nur ICF 1. Gastrointestinal ailments (GIA) Stomachache, amoeba, gastritis, Motion sickness (vomiting), constipation, liver disease, toothache 25 54 0. 55 2. Dermatological infections/diseases (DID) Wound, chirt (shattuwa), skin disease, dandruff 12 46 0. 76 3. Skeletomuscular system disorders (SMSD) Back pain, bone fracture, swelling 6 29 0. 82 4.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The field of regenerative medicine is closely related to bioartificial organs, with the goal of creating fully functional organs for transplantation. [SEP] Text: Polymeric materials such as membranes gain more attention as potential candidates for the repair and development of functional human tissues, such as bone, pancreas, retina, kidney, blood vessels, and nerves. Polycaprolactone/beta-tricalcium phosphate (PCL/β-TCP) obtained by a rotary jet-spinning process are particularly interesting for the repair and regeneration of critical bone, as reported by de et al. [2021]. Novel polymeric nanostructures (such as nanofibers, nanorods, nanotubes, etc. ), especially block copolymers with distinctive properties [Malik et al. , 2021], are among the best studied systems to fit numerous tissue engineering applications due to the broad variety of properties they display upon varying the composition ratio and molecular weight of blocks. Wound healing and cornea regeneration are currently being investigated for improvement of patient outcomes [Poudel et al. , 2021]. Biomaterial approaches based on extracellular matrix components like collagen have shown the ability to repair corneal wounds. Other cell-free therapies such as treatment with tolerogenic exosomes and extracellular vesicles may improve treatment outcomes in the case of inflammatory conditions. Many of the technologies described also in combination with cell- or drug-based therapies are promising in the treatment of corneal injuries and disease with a single regenerative solution. The modeling of organs such as a 3D human placenta is quite challenging. The review by Tutar and Çelebi-Saltik [2021] describes the systems and approaches used in the creation of 3D placenta, placental transfer models as 3D placental barriers, and micro-engineered 3D placenta on-a-chip to explore complicated placental responses to nanop1. -Mendez, Optimizing the decellularized porcine liver scaffold protocol. Organs. 2021. doi: 10. 1159/000510297. SA, de dos AR, debeta-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds obtained via rotary jet-spinning: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Organs. 2021. doi: 10. 1159/000511570. Role of block copolymers in tissue engineering applications. Organs. 2021. doi: 10. 1159/000511866.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Vertical farms are completely immune to pests and plant diseases due to their controlled environments. [SEP] Text: Therefore, we subsequently employed a callback function to dynamically adjust the learning rate during training. We set the detection criterion as the accuracy on the test set, with an initial learning rate of 0. 001 and a decay factor of 0. 5. If the detection value fails to improve after 8 epochs, the learning rate is halved until it reaches 0. 0001. The experimental results, presented in Fig. 9, demonstrate that the model achieved a maximum accuracy of 98. 58% with a minimum loss value of 0. 0849. Although the model exhibited some oscillations before 15 epochs, it converged and stabilized after 20 epochs, indicating the effectiveness of our dynamic learning rate scheduling approach. Fig. 9Accuracy and loss function values of the model with 16 layers unfrozen and a learning rate of 0. 001 to 0. 0001 dynamically descending selectedFull size imageVerification and analysis of disease and pest identification model of Big leaf kind of teaTo assess the recognition performance and classification outcomes objectively and comprehensively using the Xception model, this study evaluated the model using a validation set of 565 images. A confusion matrix (illustrated in Fig. 10) was constructed based on the classification results, providing detailed insights into the prediction outcomes of the validation dataset (Table 5). Upon analyzing the confusion matrix, The diagonal of the confusion matrix usually represents the number of correctly classified samples, and the value on the non diagonal represents the number of incorrectly classified samples. Combined with confusion matrix analysis, there are 6 sample prediction errors in TWS (tea leaf spot) category, 2 sample prediction errors in N (leprosy) category, and the number of prediction errors in other categories is less than 1. The model exhibited remarkable accuracy in disease recognition tasks, achieving a specific value of 0. 982301. Furthermore, the model attained an average precision rate of 0. 964888, an average recall rate of 0. 984068, and an average F1 score of 0. 972617. Based on these experimental findings, we confidently conclude that this approach demonstrates excellent performance on existing datasets and holds significant potential for effectively classifying crop diseases and insect pests in practical farmland environments. Fig.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: Respiratory systems diseases (RSD) Tonsillitis, cough, asthma 10 41 0. 78 5. Genito-urinary ailments (GUA) Hemorrhoids 1 3 0. 66 6. Poisonous bites (PB) Rabies, snake bite 7 15 0. 57 7. Cardiovascular system diseases (CSD) Hypertension 1 40 1. 00 8. Endocrine/metabolic/nutritional (EMN) Diabetes, weight gain 7 29 0. 79 9. Sensory neuron disease (SND) Headache 3 9 0. 75 10. Fever (F) Malaria 5 44 0. 90 11. General and unspecified (GU) General malaise (Mitch), wugat, evil spirit 6 37 0. 86 Table 3: Informant consensus for medicinal plants used against two or more specific ailments No. Scientific names Family names No. of informants Percent (%) Rank 1. Triticum dicoccon (Schrank) Schübl Poaceae 60 100% 1st 2. Allium sativum L. Alliaceae 59 98% 2nd 3. Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm. ) 58 97% 3rd 4. Capsicum annum L. Solanaceae 57 95% 4th 6. Ruta chalepensis L. Rutaceae 56 92% 5th 7. Vernonia amygdalina, Sch. 55 91% 6th 8. Zingiber officinale Rosc. Zingiberaceae 54 90% 7th 9. Manihot esculenta Crantz. Euphorbiaceae 53 88% 8th 10. Coffea arabica L. Rubiaceae 52 86% 9th 11. Linum usitatissimum L. Linaceae 48 80% 10th 12. Aloe vera Aloaceae 47 78% 11th 13. Ocimum gratissimum L. Lauraceae 43 72% 12th 14. Datura stramorium L. Solanaceae 40 67% 13th 15. Avena sativa Poaceae 39 65% 14th 16. Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Myrtaceae 38 63% 15th 17. Hordeum vulgare L. Poaceae 37 62% 16th 18. Persea americana Mill.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The field of regenerative medicine is closely related to bioartificial organs, with the goal of creating fully functional organs for transplantation. [SEP] Text: , myosin heavy chain isoform expression) wherein an individual motor unit innervates a group of muscle fibers of the same type and matched contractile and fatigue properties [for review, see Greising et al. , 2012]. For example, under normal physiologic conditions, a slow (type S) motor unit innervates muscle fibers that are classified as type I and express the slow myosin heavy chain isoform. All the muscle fibers innervated throughout an individual motor unit will share metabolic, contractile, and fatigue characteristics. Interactions between the motor unit and muscle fiber have yet to be examined following VML, but disruptions in trophic signaling are likely with the vast loss of muscle and probable nerve damage. It is possible that the loss of nerve- or muscle-derived trophic signaling following VML may result in frank motoneuron death, muscle fiber denervation, impaired fiber reinnervation, motor unit expansion, and clustering of muscle fiber types, all of which will limit the functional capacity of the muscle. Future studies are needed to examine these possibilities following VML. The understanding of neural interactions following VML may allow for the development of targeted interventions that exploit muscle plasticity through neural interaction. Furthermore, targeting trophic signaling of specific motor unit types, and as such myosin heavy chain types, could provide optimization of neural activation, promotion of spared neural pathways, and greater efficacy of regenerative and rehabilitative therapies. size and force gains possible following various preclinical functional models can range from a 10 to 50% increase in myofiber size (i. e. , hypertrophy), 10-100% increases in muscle mass, and 10-100% increases in overall strength [Lowe and Alway, 2002]. With this, one could hypothesize that following VML with just the immediate frank loss of skeletal muscle tissue, there may be a limit on the magnitude of strength gains that are physiologically possible, i. e. , the amount of size and force gains that an individual skeletal muscle can undergo following traditional rehabilitation paradigms may be limited by the significance of the volume loss and the parallel strength loss. Therefore, any size and force gains that are necessary above this threshold require de novo regeneration of myofibers. Current research initiatives need to address this theoretical threshold of functional gains with the use of combined rehabilitation and regenerative medicine.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Vertical farms are completely immune to pests and plant diseases due to their controlled environments. [SEP] Text: 58%, and YOLOv9 is about twice as low as Xception in terms of the loss function value. Although YOLOv9 has fewer parameters, it is more than twice as high as Xcepion in terms of time, depth and GFLOPs in each round, and the model training efficiency is low. Table 6 Comparison of performance between Xeption model and YOLOv9 model after fine tuning and optimizationFull size tableTo sum up, the optimized Xception model in this study has excellent performance on the large leaf tea plant disease and pest data set. Compared with the latest YOLOv9 network model, it has a high recognition accuracy and takes into account the lightweight design, and has successfully completed the task of disease and pest identification of agricultural microenvironment species. The novelty of this study 1) At present, no researcher has conducted in-depth research on diseases and pests of a specific tea variety. This work has conducted in-depth research on the identification of diseases and pests of large leaf tea plants as the raw material of Yunnan Pu'er tea, and the accuracy rate is higher than 98%, which is helpful for the intelligent, rapid and accurate identification of diseases and pests of tea, a special economic crop in Yunnan. At the same time, the previous research on tea disease recognition focused on diseases. This work studied four kinds of tea pests and collected images for recognition research. 2) Aiming at the problems of limited data scale, complex environment and difficult data collection in agricultural microenvironment, the efficiency of CNN development was significantly improved by adopting specific migration learning model architecture and frozen core training methods. At present, there are many advanced researches in the field of crop pest identification, such as image acquisition using high-end equipment such as hyperspectral images, multispectral images, UAV images, and model building using advanced algorithms such as YOLOv9. However, the cost of high-end image acquisition equipment is very high, and advanced algorithms have very high requirements for computer computing power, which cannot be applied in real-time in agricultural small environments. In this study, 9 kinds of diseases and pests of tea were identified at a very low cost. At the same time, the accuracy of advanced algorithms was not lost, which could be applied to real-time identification and classification of diseases and pests in tea gardens at a low cost.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: Lauraceae 34 57% 17th 19 Solanium macrocarpon L. Solanaceae 29 48% 18th 20. Acacia abyssinica Benth. Fabaceae 25 42% 19th Table 4: (FL) of medicinal plants in the study area Disease categories Plant species Specified diseases FL (%) Gastrointestinal ailments (GIA) Manihot esculenta Crantz. Amoeba 35 40 88% Ensete ventricosum (Welw) Constipation 43 51 84% Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm. ) sickness (vomiting) 49 50 98% Linum usitatissimum L. Liver disease 53 60 88% Carica papaya L. Gastritis 48 50 96% Capsicum annum L. Gastritis 39 43 90% Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm. ) 41 50 82% Datura stramorium L. Toothache 43 51 84% Dovyalis abyssinica (A. Rich. ) Toothache 24 56 42% Allium sativum L. Stomachache 41 50 45% Artemisia afra Stomachache 36 60 60% Brassica nigra L. W. D. J. 20 39 51% Capsicum annum L. Stomachache 20 43 47% Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Stomachache 15 45 33% Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce ex Steud. ) J. F. Gmel. Stomachache 50 60 83% Echinops kebricho Stomachache 45 52 87% Lepidium sativum L. Stomachache 54 60 90% Lippia adoensis Hochst. Stomachache 33 40 83% Nigella sativa L. Stomachache 25 58 43% Ocimum lamiifolium Hochst. ex Benth. Stomachache 39 56 70% Ruta chalepensis L. Stomachache 54 60 90% Solanium macrocarpon L. Stomachache 36 60 60% Solanium incanum L. Stomachache 57 60 95% Vernonia amygdalina, Sch. Bip. Stomachache 21 45 47% Zingiber officinale Rosc. Stomachache 54 58 93% Dermatological infections/diseases (DID) Commelina benghalensis L.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of underwater robots are fully autonomous and can independently carry out missions without any human intervention. [SEP] Text: Footnote 8 Name of the projectAimNavigation and mappingMulti-AUVsIntervention/manipulationBio-inspiredEnvironment monitoringSHOAL 2009–2012Team of robotic fish to analyse environmental contaminants in ports and other marine areasPositioning systemCoordinated AUVs Hydro-dynamic fish shapeSearch and monitor pollution spreadCO3 AUVs 2009–2012Advanced cognitive systems for coordination and cooperative control of multiple AUVsConfidence and lawnmower mapsPath/leader following Harbour patrolling for e. g. obstacles to shipping2009–2012Underwater fish robot, characterized by high manoeuvrability for tight underwater spacesDetect hydrodynamic patterns Artificial lateral line sensorsUnderwater exploration e. g. in shipwrecks, Demining, etc2009–2012Robot cooperation to locate and manipulate retrieve underwater objects, e. g. black boxMultimodal seafloor maps Long range multi-beam sonar + short range videoSurface + underwater vehiclesIntervention AUV with arm and gripper CoCoRo 2011–2014Interacting, cognitive, autonomous micro robots Swarm of over 40 micro- AUcognition and collective movement principlesEcological monitoring of resources in underwater habitats2011–2015Autonomous multi-AUV system, capable of fully replacing human-operated monitoring and navigation operationsSonar sea-mapping and underwater target/dynamic process tracking operationsTeam of coordinated AUMarine protected areas2012–2015Persistently autonomous AUVs, to reduce human operator load in underwater missionsWorld modelling Gripper, cleaning hose Subsea structures inspection and interventionMORPH 2012–2016Underwater robotic system, integrating, in a non-physical manner, different mobile robot-modules with distinct and complementary resources3D mapping of seabed and vertical cliffsHeterogeneous “morph-able” AUV team formation Monitoring e. g.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Vertical farms are completely immune to pests and plant diseases due to their controlled environments. [SEP] Text: Limitations 1) There are many kinds of tea pests and diseases, and different kinds of pests and diseases have great differences in shape, color, texture, etc. This study only solved the problem of identification of pests and diseases in complex environment, but the performance of pests and diseases in terms of climate, soil, light and other factors of tea growing environment has not been studied. In the future, we will further collect more tea pictures under complex backgrounds such as different time periods, different illuminances and shades, enrich the data set of large leaf tea plant diseases and pests, and expand the model's ability to identify more types of diseases and pests. 2) This study is suitable for recognition tasks with small amount of data; On the contrary, if the data volume is large, training from 0 can effectively extract the characteristics of self built dataset. After collecting more images in the future, try to train the model from 0. ConclusionGiven the intricate characteristics of tea leaves, including their texture, shape, and color, as well as the numerous environmental interferences, accurate detection of diseases and pests poses a significant challenge. To address these complexities, this study employed a comprehensive approach that integrates deep transfer learning methods. Initially, data augmentation techniques were utilized to curate a comprehensive dataset specifically tailored for diseases and pests affecting leaf kind of tea. Subsequently, leveraging existing convolutional neural network models and transfer learning principles, we developed a digital image-based automatic classification model specifically designed for the identification of diseases and pests in leaf kind of tea, even under challenging environmental conditions. This model was further optimized through transfer learning techniques and the integration of an attention mechanism. The key findings of this study are summarized as follows: (1) Employing the transfer learning technique of "low-level freezing and high-level training" significantly enhances the model's accuracy. Through meticulous experimentation with freezing different layers, we discovered that unfreezing 16 layers and adopting a dynamic scheduling strategy for the learning rate yields optimal results. Specifically, the Xception model exhibited the highest accuracy, achieving a training accuracy rate of 98. 58%, a recognition accuracy rate of 0. 982301, an average precision rate of 0. 964888, an average recall rate of 0. 984068, and an average F1 score of 0. 972617. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in accurately classifying diseases and pests in leaf kind of tea, even under challenging environmental conditions.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: Chirt (shattuwa) 60 60 100% Persea americana Mill. Dandruff 57 60 95% Coffea arabica L. Wound 32 47 68% Vernonia amygdalina Sch. Bip. Wound 14 45 31% Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Wound 23 45 51% Nicotiana tabacum L. Wound 11 43 26% Aloe vera Wound 29 35 83% Datura stramorium L. Skin disease 45 51 88% Musa accuminata disease 36 48 75% Persea americana Mill. Skin disease 48 50 96% Sorghum bicolor (L. ) disease 43 50 86% Skeletomuscular system disorders (SMSD) Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn. Back pain 48 60 80% Croton macrostachyus Hochst. ex 60 60 100% Triticum dicoccon (Schrank) Schübl Bone fracture 56 60 93% Pentas spp. Bone fracture 60 60 100% Linum usitatissimum L. Bone fracture 57 60 95% Avena sativa Bone fracture 43 57 75% Respiratory systems diseases (RSD) Moringa stenopetala (Bakerf. ) 40 52 77% Acacia abyssinica Benth. Tonsillitis 19 25 76% Rhamnus prinoide L′Hér. Tonsillitis 41 51 80% Spilanthes mauritiana DC. Tonsillitis 43 53 81% Zingiber officinale Rosc. Tonsillitis 55 60 92% Allium sativum L. Cough 50 57 88% Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Cough 38 45 84% Manihot esculenta Crantz. Cough 32 40 80% Zingiber officinale Rosc. Cough 48 54 89% Solanium macrocarpon L. Cough 58 60 97% Genito-urinary ailments (GUA) Euphorbia tirucalli L. Hemorrhoids 13 53 25% Poisonous bites (PB) Euphorbia abyssinica J. F. Gmel. Rabies 21 47 45% Verbascum sinaiticum Benth.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of underwater robots are fully autonomous and can independently carry out missions without any human intervention. [SEP] Text: can demonstrate what marine robotics can achieve and problems it can solve. They can lend engineering support for the integration of research results, help to compare approaches and push the limits of the technology, foster innovation and take up through new eco-systems. They can also provide an avenue to combine EU-level research with other programmes at regional and national level. need not necessarily be developed from scratch but can build on existing infrastructures, of which there are several examples in Europe. For example, the Nato—Centre for and Experimentation (CMRE), IST Lisbon at the Expo 98 test site, University at Fort William, Scotland, Girona test facilities etc. With specific regard to autonomy, new research avenues are opening, for example based on recent progress in the field of systems. AI methods increase the autonomous capabilities of robots through reasoning, planning, (deep) learning, natural language processing, enhanced perception, locomotion and manipulation. In the case of marine robotics, we have already seen an AI planner developed in the project, for dealing with scheduled and unplanned events during a mission. AI also holds a prospect of exploiting massive troves of data for learning about the environment and for combination with real time sensor data. Advances in AI brings a new dimension to robotics, not only reinforcing research in this field, but also allowing to develop a bridge with other fields, such as the Internet of Things or Big Data. In conclusion, long-term autonomy is here for the long term.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Vertical farms are completely immune to pests and plant diseases due to their controlled environments. [SEP] Text: (2) When faced with the challenge of identifying diseases and pests in complex environments, the integration of an attention mechanism does not always guarantee an improvement in recognition accuracy. This can be attributed to several factors. Firstly, if the model has already reached a satisfactory level of fitting before introducing the attention mechanism, the addition of extra parameters may exacerbate the overfitting problem, ultimately reducing the model's performance. Secondly, in cases where the feature map size is small or the convolution operation is inappropriate, the attention mechanism may inadvertently introduce a significant amount of non-essential information, thereby hindering accurate recognition. Lastly, if the attention mechanism is positioned too closely to the classification level, it may become overly sensitive to variations in feature extraction, potentially compromising the classification decisions and leading to a decrease in recognition accuracy. Therefore, when incorporating an attention mechanism, it is crucial to carefully consider these factors to ensure its effectiveness in complex environmental conditions. (3) Addressing the challenges posed by limited data scale, intricate environmental conditions, and the difficulties associated with data collection in agricultural microenvironments, the utilization of specific basic model architectures and frozen core training methods can significantly enhance the efficiency of CNN development. When confronted with relatively small and unevenly distributed training datasets, the key to achieving high model accuracy lies in the employment of data augmentation techniques and transfer learning strategies. By leveraging these techniques, we can overcome the limitations of limited data and complex environments, enabling us to develop robust and accurate CNN models for agricultural applications. In this study, we successfully enhanced the model's accuracy and F1 scores by meticulously adjusting training super parameters and integrating the ImageNet dataset with our unique training parameters. However, it's crucial to acknowledge that our test datasets are somewhat limited in size and exhibit uneven sample distribution, which, to a certain extent, constrains the comprehensiveness and generalizability of our findings. The datasets utilized in this paper was primarily collected during early morning hours under sunny weather conditions. As we move forward, our research will focus on gathering a more diverse set of tea images, encompassing various time periods, light intensities, shading, and other complex backgrounds. This will enrich our Big leaf kind of tea dataset, broaden the model's capability to identify a wider range of diseases and pests, and potentially facilitate its deployment on mobile devices. By doing so, we aim to enhance the model's popularity and application, addressing critical disease prevention and control issues, and ultimately providing robust support for the sustainable development of the tea industry.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: Snake bite 9 43 20% Cardiovascular system diseases (CSD) Moringa stenopetala (Bakerf. ) 33 55 60% Endocrine/metabolic/nutritional (EMN) Aloe vera Diabetes 25 51 49% Persea americana Mill. Weight gain 25 34 74% Thymus schimperi gain 39 54 72% Hordeum vulgare L. Weight gain 54 59 92% Linum usitatissimum L. Weight gain 37 40 93% Triticum dicoccon (Schrank) Schübl Weight gain 60 60 100% Avena sativa Weight gain 34 45 76% Sensory neuron disease (SND) Acacia abyssinica Benth. Headache 17 25 68% Capsicum frutescens L. Headache 45 50 90% Coffea arabica L. Headache 53 60 88% Fever (F) Allium sativum L. Malaria 45 57 79% Aloe vera Malaria 47 56 84% Moringa stenopetala (Bakerf. ) 19 54 35% Ocimum gratissimum L. Malaria 32 56 57% Vernonia amygdalina, Sch. Bip. Malaria 22 45 49% General and unspecified (GU) Ocimum gratissimum L. General malaise (Mitch) 43 56 77% Hordeum vulgare L. Wugat 51 56 91% Allium sativum L. Evil spirit 55 60 92% Ruta chalepensis L. Evil spirit 57 60 95% Artemisia abyssinica Sch. Bip. ex. spirit 36 60 60% Vernonia amygdalina, Sch. spirit 40 60 67% Table 5: Direct matrix ranking of medicinal plants by informants (A-C) based on usage category Medicinal plants name Cash crop americana Mill. 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 3 2 3 5 5 5 73 1st Acacia abyssinica Benth. 5 5 5 0 0 0 1 3 2 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 65 2nd Eucalyptus globulus Labill.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The development of quantum computers could threaten traditional cryptographic methods, but quantum cryptography provides a solution to this problem. [SEP] Text: Например, в индустрии информационной безопасности (ИБ) квантономика формирует запрос на создание принципиально новых систем защиты данных: традиционные криптографические системы уже недостаточно надежны, требуется их совершенствование, например, с использованием квантовой криптографической и стеганографической защиты.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Bioengineers have developed synthetic organisms that can produce pharmaceuticals or biofuels from simple sugars. [SEP] Text: Experimental observations were further analyzed by using ANOVA tests, and the results showed that both total sugar concentration and glucose-to-xylose ratio had significant effects on the fermentations done in BioLector® with specific growth rate being the most sensitive. ANOVA also showed that the effect of sugar ratio was not profound for fermentations done in serum flasks. The difference in ANOVA results for the two different experimental setups confirmed their different impact on fermentation. An in-depth metabolic study would be useful to investigate the effects of different carbon sources on C. beijerinckii NCIMB 8052. ConclusionsWe performed fermentations of glucose and xylose at 6 different ratios and 2 different total sugar concentrations by Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 in microbioreactors and serum flasks to show the effect of different sugar mixtures on growth kinetics and butanol production and to demonstrate the use of BioLector® for fermentative butanol production under anaerobic conditions. Main findings of this study and their significance are summarized as follows: The results showed that the glucose-to-xylose ratio affects both growth and production due to CCR, which might enable control of both by optimizing the sugar composition, thus successful design, and operation of efficient lignocellulosic biomass fermentations. All cultures grew successfully in the BioLector® system under anaerobic conditions, metabolized both glucose and xylose as representative lignocellulosic sugars, and produced butanol. The online monitoring of cell mass and pH enabled us to follow the progress of the fermentation in real-time and at unprecedented time-resolution. The online monitoring of DO values should be treated with more attention due to its possible interference with other fermentation product to avoid any misinterpretations. Demonstrating a successful use case of BioLector® for fermentative butanol production provides know-how to the scientific community that can enable more informed decisions for the design of the experiments as well as for the selection of the technology. BioLector® system is well suited for anaerobic screening of several media and sugar compositions prior to selection of a few conditions for either serum flask experiments or the more laborious laboratory-scale fermentations with full online and offline monitoring.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 58 3rd Ensete ventricosum (Welw) 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1 1 1 3 3 3 0 0 0 57 4th Hordeum vulgare L. 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 4 2 0 0 0 55 5th Triticum dicoccon (Schrank) Schübl 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1 1 2 2 1 2 0 0 0 54 6th Sorghum bicolor (L. ) Moench 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 3 2 2 1 1 2 2 0 0 0 50 7th Moringa stenopetala (Bakerf. ) Cufod 4 2 4 5 4 5 3 3 2 3 3 4 1 1 2 0 0 0 45 8th Croton macrostachyus Hochst. ex Delil 3 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 4 3 2 3 1 4 5 3 39 9th Total 123 89 85 80 74 57 Rank 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 6th 7th Based on use criteria (5 = best; 4 = very good; 3 = good; 2 = less used; 1 = least used and 0 = no value) Table 6: Preference ranking of medicinal plants used to treat stomachache in humans Medicinal plants score Ranking I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce ex Steud. ) J. F. Gmel. 5 5 5 5 4 5 29 1st Solanium incanum L. 5 5 4 5 3 4 26 2nd Ruta chalepensis L. 5 5 5 4 3 3 25 3rd Allium sativum L. 3 4 3 3 5 4 22 4th Artemisia afra 1 3 2 1 5 4 16 5th Brassica nigra L. W. D. J. Koch 1 2 2 3 5 2 15 6th Table 7: Ranking of seven medicinal plants using the procedure of preference ranking based on their degree of local scarcity Medicinal plants name Informants (I) Total score Ranking I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 Acacia abyssinica Benth.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The development of quantum computers could threaten traditional cryptographic methods, but quantum cryptography provides a solution to this problem. [SEP] Text: Например, в индустрии информационной безопасности (ИБ) квантономика формирует запрос на создание принципиально новых систем защиты данных: традиционные криптографические системы уже недостаточно надежны, требуется их совершенствование, например, с использованием квантовой криптографической и стеганографической защиты.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Bioengineers have developed synthetic organisms that can produce pharmaceuticals or biofuels from simple sugars. [SEP] Text: Synergy of crude enzyme cocktail from cold-adapted Cladosporium cladosporioides Ch2-2 with commercial xylanase achieving high sugars yield at low cost 3. 5, exhibiting high thermostability over a broad range of temperatures (between 4 and 40°C). In addition, manganese-independent peroxidase (MIP), a special type of ligninase with the capacity to oxidize dimethyl phthalate (DMP) in the absence of H2O2 and Mn2+, was optimally active at 20°C and pH 2. 5, exhibiting high thermostability over a broad range of temperatures (4 and 28°C), while depressed completely by Fe2+ and essentially unaffected by EDTA. Synergy between Ch2-2 crude enzymes and commercial xylanase obviously enhanced biomass hydrolysis, which could take the place of expensive commercial cellulase mixture. The maximum value of synergistic degree reached 4. 7 at 28°C, resulting in 10. 1 mg/mL reducing sugars. ConclusionsThe psychrophilic enzymes system of C. cladosporioides Ch2-2 with a different synergistic mechanism has huge potential for the enhancement of biomass hydrolysis at mesophilic and low temperatures. The application scope of the lignocellulosic enzyme cocktail could be greatly enlarged by optimizing the operation conditions specific to the characteristics of ligninase. BackgroundMaking full use of biomass such as agricultural waste and energy crops to produce clean fuel ethanol on an industrial scale is beneficial to solve the crisis of environmental pollution and energy shortage. Sugarcane bagasse is one of the most abundant byproducts of agroindustry in south China as well as the world [1]. Meanwhile, Jerusalem artichoke is a typical example of the energy crops which can grow in marginal lands, including saline soils and sandy soils, owing to its unique agronomic traits such as tolerance to salt and drought stresses, and thus does not compete for arable lands with grain crops [2]. As a sustainable feedstock, bagasse and Jerusalem artichoke stalks are both considered to be applicable for the large-scale biological production of cellulosic ethanol and other bio-based chemicals. However, the low efficiency and high cost of existing enzymes converting lignocellulose to fermentable sugars still limit the large-scale industrialization of cellulosic ethanol at present.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: Featured 10. 32474/JAAS. 2024. 10. 000328 View abstract PDF Full text Technoculture in archaeology emphasizes the reciprocal relationship between technological innovation and cultural expression. Digital tools such as GIS have been pivotal in the spatial analysis of archaeological sites, but their utility extends beyond research [10]. Through public-facing projects, communities can engage with GIS data, contribute local knowledge, and offer interpretations that reflect contemporary cultural values. A notable example of VR and GIS-based platforms allowing communities to engage with cultural heritage beyond traditional museums is the reconstruction of the Roman arch of Palmyra, Syria, destroyed by ISIS. Through the collaboration of institutions like Oxford and Harvard, the Institute of developed a 3D virtual model of the arch based on phot. . . . . Read2024. A Community-Based Cross-Tsehaynew Kasse*, Addisalem Haile, and. 10. 32474/. 2024. 03. 000172 View abstract PDF Full text Proper nutrition is essential for survival, growth, development, and overall health at every stage of life while specific nutritional requirements vary based on age, gender, and physiological changes. The first 1000 days, from conception to a child’s second birthday, are especially critical, as it lays the foundation for a child’s physical and mental development, impacting their health and well-being for the rest of their life (1-3). . . . . . Read10. 32474/CTCSA. 2024. 03. 000166 View abstract PDF Full text Globally, AI is revolutionizing education through tools such as adaptive learning platforms, automated grading systems, and intelligent tutoring systems. These technologies enable personalized learning experiences by analyzing student performance data and tailoring educational content accordingly [1,2]. For instance, AI can provide real-time feedback and support, which helps address diverse learning needs and improves student engagement [3]. In the Philippines, the adoption of AI in education is emerging. Some educational institutions are experimenting with AI-powered learning management systems to automate tasks and enhance teaching methods. These early efforts reflect a growing interest in AI’s potential to improve educational outcomes and administrative efficiency [4]. . . . . . Read10. 32474/JAAS. 2024. 10.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The development of quantum computers could threaten traditional cryptographic methods, but quantum cryptography provides a solution to this problem. [SEP] Text: Например, в индустрии информационной безопасности (ИБ) квантономика формирует запрос на создание принципиально новых систем защиты данных: традиционные криптографические системы уже недостаточно надежны, требуется их совершенствование, например, с использованием квантовой криптографической и стеганографической защиты.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Bioengineers have developed synthetic organisms that can produce pharmaceuticals or biofuels from simple sugars. [SEP] Text: This versatile intermediate is considered as an important chemical solvent for many organic materials and holds great promise as primary building blocks for the synthesis of a multitude of important non-petroleum-derived chemicals such as furfuryl alcohol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, methyltetrahydrofuran and polyols through oxidation, hydrogenation, hydrogenolysis and condensation reactions [6, 7]. Furfural is industrially synthesized from pentose-rich lignocellulosic materials using mineral acids as catalysts. However, old and inefficient strategies, equipment corrosion and waste disposal, and low production yields have strongly diminished its competitiveness with petroleum-based alternatives in the global market [8]. Achieving high furfural yields from corncob integrating green approaches and efficient equipment has the promising potential for biomass-to-biofuel technologies. There is an urgent demand to develop novel effective strategies for overcoming the major drawbacks of industrial furfural production. Solid acid catalysts, which possess properties such as thermal stability and recyclability, are deemed to benefit for the furfural production process [9]. Biphasic systems, which can hinder the second reactions by simultaneously extracting furfural from the aqueous medium to the organic phase, have received much attention [10, 11]. Extensive studies on xylose dehydration have been performed using solid acids as catalysts in biphasic systems [12–14]. However, detailed information on the direct conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to furfural is inadequate. Many natural factors impede the effective conversion of biomass, such as the crystalline domains of cellulose, the structural heterogeneity and the complexity of cell-wall constituents as well as its complex cross-linking [15]. To achieve the good contact between corncob sugars and the solid catalyst, it is necessary to destroy the complicated structure of the solid raw materials first and then obtain as many hydrophilic products, such as soluble polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and monosaccharide, as possible [16]. Further converting these sugars by solid catalysts in biphasic systems would then be desirable. This approach can effectively enhance the carbohydrate conversion rate and overcome the regeneration problem of the solid catalyst arising from the one-step conversion method.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: 000327 View abstract PDF Full text Shambala (Sanskrit:, IAST: Śambhala), also spelled as Shambhala or Shamballa, is a realm that was mentioned in several ancient literatures. According to those literatures, there is a country in Shambala, ruled by a king. All people in Shambala are practicing Kalachakra (time wheel), a Buddhism religion. Nonetheless, there are no modern records to testify where it is. Currently, it is deemed as a spiritual kingdom that is imagined by religious people. Shambala is mentioned in the as well as other religious books. The major Shambala narrative is found in the Kalachakra Tantra, a text of Buddhism Tantras. Kalachakra Bud-dhism was introduced from to Tibet in the 11th century. Kalachakra belongs to the anuttarayoga (nothing-above yoga), the highest meditation sys. . . . . Read10. 32474/. 2023. 04. 000187 View abstract PDF Full text Macromolecular drugs refer to the drugs whose active pharmaceutical ingredients are large molecules, including peptides, proteins, antibodies, polysaccharides and nucleic acids. Although these drugs have been applied to treat carcinoma, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), genetic diseases, cardiovascular disorders and neurodegenerative disorders, generally speaking, the macromolecular therapeutics are still in the infant stage. . . . . . Read10. 32474/CTCSA. 2024. 03. 000165 View abstract PDF Full text Reference manager software assists researchers in organizing their sources, generating 10. 32474/SJPBS. 2024. 08. 000286 View abstract PDF Full text Sub-Saharan countries of Africa are currently experiencing an increase in health and negative social effects believed to be due to the heavy consumption of cheaply and widely available spirits in the region. Alcohol misuse is a major global health threat, associated with more than 200 burden of disease and injury conditions (Organization [WHO], 2018). Similarly, WHO indicates packing alcohol in small sachets has become a widespread problem in Africa and has both significant social and economic negative impacts on individuals and society. The WHO estimates that approximately 3 million deaths worldwide resulted from harmful use of alcohol in 2016 (WHO, 2018).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The development of quantum computers could threaten traditional cryptographic methods, but quantum cryptography provides a solution to this problem. [SEP] Text: Если в настоящее время известно только о единичных случаях создания суперкомпьютерных систем для финансово-экономических организаций (например, банковских структур и холдингов), то в ближайшее десятилетие следует ожидать появления суперкомпьютеров у многих лидеров банковской отрасли, причем в качестве систем защиты данных в качестве приоритетных будут рассматриваться программно-технические комплексы, основанные на принципах квантовой криптографии и сте�

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Bioengineers have developed synthetic organisms that can produce pharmaceuticals or biofuels from simple sugars. [SEP] Text: The activity was expressed as U/mg total proteins using the following equation: Activity (U/mg prot tot) = (OD 340nm/min · dilution factor)/ϵ · Ev. Were ϵ is the millimolar extinction coefficient of NADH at 340 nm (6. 22 · 1/(mM · cm)) and Ev is the volume of cell extract used (expressed in millilitres). AbbreviationsGAP1: acid Permease gene Shm2: Serine HydroxyMethyltransferase enzyme GDC: (enzymatic) Complex goxB: Glycine OXidase gene, B. subtilis MLS1: Magene DAL7: Malate synthase gene (name description: Degradation of ALlantoin) Agx1: Alanine:Glyoxylate aminotrans(X)ferase enzyme leuB: LE(β-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase gene), E. coli LEU2: LEUcine biosynthesis (β-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase gene) β-IPMD: β-Isopropylenzyme pTPI: Triose-Phosphate Isomerase, promoter PDC: Pyruvate DeCarboxylase gene(s) ARO10: AROmatic amino acid requiring gene NAD(H)+: Dinucleotide (oxidized and reduced) FAD(H2): Dinucleotide (oxidized and reduced) -CoA: YPD: Yeast extract, : Yeast extract, :TNB: 5,5'-DiThio-bis(2-Nitrobenzoic Acid)/5-Thio-2-OD: : High-Chromatography *: if not differently specified, the listed genes and enzymes refer to S. cerevisiae 11. 100. CAS 311. 10. 1016/j. ymben. 2007. 08. 003. 10. 1186/1475-2859-7-36. 227. 10. 1038/nchembio. 537. 1094. 10. 1007/s00253-012-4197-7. 10. 1186/1475-2859-11-79. 228. 10. 1016/j. jbiosc. 2012. 09. 004.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: Globally, the African region has the highest age-standardized alcohol-attributable burden of disease and injury (WHO, 20. . . . . Read10. 32474/JBRS. 2024. 02. 000147 View abstract PDF Full text Renewable energy is a resource, which is obtained from naturally renewable resources, which don’t deplete overtime making it different from fossil fuels. The main sources shall be considered: solar, energy, wind energy, hydroelectric energy, geothermal energy, etc. Given the critical importance of renewable energies in addressing global challenges similar to climate change, energy security, and sustainable development, interest in these energy sources is rapidly increasing worldwide. Additionally, the job market for the renewable energy sector is growing exponentially. Whatsoever, despite the high demand participation of women both globally and in Georgia remains low. A study conducted in 2018 by the found that women make up 32% of the workforce in. . . . . Read10. 32474/. 2024. 03. 000171 View abstract PDF Full text In the field of healthcare, the role of clinical preceptors is of paramount importance in shaping the learning experiences and professional development of nursing students (Dube & Rakhudu, 2021) [1]. According to Dube (2018) [2], these skilled and experienced clinicians play a pivotal role in bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and real-world clinical practice. The role of clinical preceptors in nursing education has long been acknowledged as fundamental to the development of competent and compassionate nurses (Edward, Ousey, Playle, & Giandinoto, 2017) [3]. The effectiveness of preceptorship is crucial in shaping the clinical learning experiences of nursing students and ultimately impacting their professional growth (AlMekkawi & El Khalil, 2020) [4]. . . . . . Read10. 32474/JAAS. 2024. 10. 000326 View abstract PDF Full text of France and the World: It is with great urgency and a profound sense of responsibility that we address you today regarding a matter of grave international concern. This letter aims to shed light on the insidious actions and ambitions of and the Qatari authorities under her influence. The involvement of these entities in global affairs has led to widespread conflict, suffering, and instability, and it is imperative that we collectively recognize and address these issues to protect our future. . . . . . Read10. 32474/LOJMS.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The development of quantum computers could threaten traditional cryptographic methods, but quantum cryptography provides a solution to this problem. [SEP] Text: Если в настоящее время известно только о единичных случаях создания суперкомпьютерных систем для финансово-экономических организаций (например, банковских структур и холдингов), то в ближайшее десятилетие следует ожидать появления суперкомпьютеров у многих лидеров банковской отрасли, причем в качестве систем защиты данных в качестве приоритетных будут рассматриваться программно-технические комплексы, основанные на принципах квантовой криптографии и сте�

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Bioengineers have developed synthetic organisms that can produce pharmaceuticals or biofuels from simple sugars. [SEP] Text: Growth conditions that varied the shaking speed and medium volume affecting oxygen dispersion impacted acetoin and 2,3-BDO production (Fig. 3b). For example, acetoin titers rose above 10 g/L when the shaking speed was increased to 200 rpm with 40 mL medium in the 125-mL baffled flask (Fig. 3b). Fig. 3Biomass (OD600 nm), acetoin, 2,3-BDO, and ethanol titers after 24-h post-inoculation under different fermentation conditions which varied shaking speed (120 or 200 rpm), volume (100 or 40 mL in 125-mL flask), and media (RMG8, RMG8X6, and DMR) for control strain 22C(pEZ) (a) and three-gene pathway construct Z. mobilis 22C-BC5 (b) at 33 °CFull size image Optimize heterologous 2,3-BDO pathway to increase 2,3-BDO titerInitial 2,3-BDO engineering efforts in introducing heterologous aldC and bdh genes into Z. mobilis resulted in the 2,3-BDO production of about 3. 7 g/L, which confirms that both aldC and bdh genes are required for 2,3-BDO production in Z. mobilis. Furthermore, the addition of a heterologous als gene from E. cloacae increased 2,3-BDO titers to about 5. 0 g/L (Table 2), which again upheld the assumption that an additional als gene may be needed to redirect carbon flux from ethanol production into 2,3-BDO to compete with the abundant and highly active Z. mobilis Pdc enzyme. Our data thus suggested that the bottleneck reactions to increase 2,3-BDO production could be acetolactate generation from pyruvate and 2,3-BDO production from acetoin. We hypothesize that stronger als and bdh genes, or genes encoding more active enzymes, will boost BDO production. To ascertain whether other heterologous als genes with higher specific enzymatic activities than E. cloacae one as reported in E. coli [16] could improve carbon flux from ethanol production into 2,3-BDO, als genes from B.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: 2024. 07. 000251 View abstract PDF Full text is the most serious presentation of coronary artery disease (CAD), carrying severe consequences due to the occlusion of major coronary arteries. The primary goal in managing STEMI is early reperfusion therapy. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the preferred strategy for patients with acute STEMI, especially when performed promptly from the first medical contact (FMC) [1]. Despite achieving a patent infarct-related artery after revascularization, some patients experience the “no-reflow” phenomenon due to microvascular dysfunction. This phenomenon is defined as a coronary blood flow of less than TIMI 3 without significant stenosis, dissection, or an angiographically observed thrombus distal to the intervention site [2]. Intracoronary Nanitroprusside, an NO d. . . . . Read08, 2024 Is the search for solutions to Effective if are Similar to like Animals and Plants? Rafizadeh* Psychol & 10. 32474/SJPBS. 2024. 08. 000285 View abstract PDF Full text In a life-complex, each human is a member of the societal lifecomplex, adapted to its environment and dependent on it for daily needs. In his 1948 book, Society as the Patient, Lawrence K. Frank views society as a living organism that can become ill, exhibiting symptoms that can be diagnosed and treated by mental health professionals. In adopting this view, mental health professionals would address societal illness as reflected on individual humans through a medical lens, emphasizing diagnosis, treatment, and prevention to maintain a healthier society. At first glance, it may not seem easy to link the planetary life-complex and its illnesses to the work of mental health professionals. However, considering that the planetary life-complex is made of many societal life-complexes, and each soc. . . . . Read10. 32474/LOJMS. 2024. 06. 000250 View abstract PDF Full text The term demilitarization refers to a complete set of processes that render weapons, ammunition and explosives unfit for their original purpose [1]. Demilitarization is a necessary step for military items before their release to a non-military environment and is carried out in a safe, inexpensive, practical and environmentally responsible manner [2].

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The development of quantum computers could threaten traditional cryptographic methods, but quantum cryptography provides a solution to this problem. [SEP] Text: Если в настоящее время известно только о единичных случаях создания суперкомпьютерных систем для финансово-экономических организаций (например, банковских структур и холдингов), то в ближайшее десятилетие следует ожидать появления суперкомпьютеров у многих лидеров банковской отрасли, причем в качестве систем защиты данных в качестве приоритетных будут рассматриваться программно-технические комплексы, основанные на принципах квантовой криптографии и сте�

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Bioengineers have developed synthetic organisms that can produce pharmaceuticals or biofuels from simple sugars. [SEP] Text: lipolytica to produce biodiesel from raw starch access Published: 15 September 2015 lipolytica to produce biodiesel from raw starch Rodrigo Ledesma-: orcid. org/0000-0002-6679-972X1,2,3, Thierry Dulermo1,2 & Nicaud1,2,3 Biotechnology for Biofuels 5. 7 times more than the modified strain in the wild-type background. Media optimization to increase the C/N ratio to 90 increased total lipid content up to 27 % of DCW. We also tested these strains in industrial raw starch as a proof of concept of the feasibility of the consolidated bioprocess. Lipid production from raw starch was further enhanced by the expression of a second copy of each enzyme. Finally, we determined in silico that the properties of a biodiesel produced by this strain from raw starch would fit the established standards. ConclusionsIn this work, we performed a strain engineering approach to obtain a consolidated bioprocess to directly produce biolipids from raw starch. Additionally, we proved that lipid production from starch can be enhanced by both metabolic engineering and culture condition optimization, setting up the basis for further studies. BackgroundThe excessive use of petroleum sources cannot cope with the increasing worldwide energy consumption and the environmental requirements to prevent global warming. Bio-lipids produced either by plant or microorganisms are one of the most promising sustainable and renewable alternative sources of energy [1]. Microbial oils present several advantages over plant-based oils: they (1) sometimes can be synthesized from waste products as carbon source (such as glycerol or lignocellulosic materials), (2) they are independent of climate and seasonal conditions, (3) they have short process cycles, (4) industrial-scale fermentations can be rapidly adapted to market needs, (5) the land area needed for microbial cultivation is much smaller than that required for plant growth and importantly (6) microorganisms can be modified by metabolic engineering approaches, which can be utilized to enrich specific desired fatty acids within the microbial oils [2]. However, there are also drawbacks in the use of microbial oils mostly associated to the production costs. The requirement of a controlled environment of aeration, temperature and agitation, the need for aseptic conditions and the recovery of the oil from the cells increase the cost of the whole process.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: Actions taken in demilitarization processes should make the item unidentifiable as ammunition after demilitarization [3]. The explosives in many conventional munitions are cast, so these munitions can be demilitarized by heating the explosive charge sufficiently to melt it and flow out of the munition. Explosives that melt at relatively low temperatures are, for example, (80°C) and TNT (80°C). Melting can be done by direct heat. . . . . Read26, 2024 The culture of Competitiveness Sofía Gómez Opitz* J Anthro & 10. 32474/JAAS. 2024. 09. 000325 View abstract PDF Full text During the early hours of June 25th, various agents of the arts and cultures from the Chilean scene expressed their discomfort over the unexpected announcement of the early dates for the application of competitive funds from the Ministry of Cultures, Arts, and Heritage (MinCAP, for its Spanish acronym) of Chile. This three-month advance, explained as a desperate attempt to improve the image of an outgoing government by “supporting” the cultural sector, put various institutions and artists in a tight spot, having to create projects and obtain the requested documentation in less than a month. Additionally, there were strong complaints when it was revealed that many of the calls for 2024 are delayed in the delivery of funds and publication of results. . . . . . Read26, 2024 Art for Artist Sofía Gómez Opitz* J Anthro & 10. 32474/JAAS. 2024. 09. 000324 View abstract PDF Full text How to Closer to People? was the name of the forum organized by the Art and of the Federation of Students of the University (PUC) of Chile. Under this title, and highlighting an issue confirmed even by the few studies on cultural consumption in Chile, PUC students bring to the table the debate facing national arts regarding the generally low attendance at events classified as artistic-cultural. In the end, those of us involved in the art circuit are the same ones who frequently attend. . . . . . Read25, 2024 from Political Elements: Science and Adem Yutsever* J Anthro & 10. 32474/JAAS. 2024. 09. 000323 View abstract PDF Full text Archaeology is closely related to politics and regulations due to its goal of preserving historical and cultural heritage.

Output: pass