Input: Claim: Indoor air quality devices make regular cleaning unnecessary. [SEP] Text: For the case of aerosol room decay with the indoor air cleaner, Eq. (5) is still applicable with the coefficient b as: Using the measured number concentration decay constants shown in Fig. S2 (ionizer OFF), and with the manufacturer’s specified flow rates at the low, medium, and high flow settings (assuming 5% flow rate uncertainty), the effective efficiency of the PuraShield™ air cleaner can be calculated at each flow setting. The results are shown in Table 4 with overall efficiencies lower than 99%, which may be due to a significant internal bypass flow that does not get filtered, leading to lower-than-expected CADR values, considering the internal filter is rated as a HEPA filter. We tested another identical air cleaner and obtained equivalent results. Table 4 also shows the calculated CADR values for the PuraShield™ air cleaner at high flow, and with the ionizer at –5. 0, –7. 5, and –10. 0 kV, showing a significant improvement of up to 42% in the CADR. Using the measured decay constants shown in Fig. 11 for the Braun SensorAir® air cleaner, Table 5 shows the calculated CADR values at the 2 flow settings tested, without and with the additional unipolar ionizer turned ON. Since this air cleaner has an ifD® filter element which relies on electrostatic precipitation ( to remove the p1765. Cao, Q. ,. , Pei, C. , Pui, D. Y. H. (2021). An experimentally validated analytical model for aerosol number concentration reduction in classrooms. Qual. Res. 21, 210038. Ding, J. , Yu, C. W. , Cao, S. J. (2020). HVAC systems for environmental control to minimize the COVID-19 infection. Environ. 29, 1195–1201. Grinshpun, S. A. , Mainelis, G. , Trunov, M. , Adhikari, A. , Reponen, T. , Willeke, K. (2005). Evaluation of ionic air purifiers for reducing aerosol exposure in confined indoor spaces. 15, 235–245. Guo, M. , Xu, P. , Xiao, T. , He, R. , Dai, M. , Miller, S. L. (2021).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: Therefore, the presence of curcuminoids, which have substantial antioxidant activity, may be responsible for the DPPH radical scavenging activity of the LKDCH extract. Homogenous nanosuspensions were obtained by the precipitation-sonication method. The precipitation method of nanosuspensions preparation is instantaneous, straightforward and easy [42]. The high drug saturation concentration and the rapid solvent injection into the antisolvent results in such precipitation into nanop0. 2 ± 0. 1, indicating suitable size and distribution. This size range and the homogeneity are because of the method of preparation by precipitation followed by sonication. This decreased size might result in increased surface area which may result in the increased saturation solubility and release of curcumin [54]. From the study, the of the formulations were found to negative that might be due to the surfactant or due to the terminal carboxylic groups. The reduced surface charge reflects better surface coverage due to the use of non ionic surfactant which results in steric stabilization. PVA was used as a steric stabilizer since steric stabilization has several advantages over electrostatic stabilization as the nanop0. 25% and PVA concentration of 0. 6% were considered as optimized variable conditions as shown in Table 3. It was observed that with increasing drug concentration the size and dispersity decreases indicating the impact of supersaturation in the nanoprecipitation. However at higher concentration, above 60 mg/ml the size increases. Similarly, it was observed that the p20. Similar behaviors were reported in previous works on nanosuspension by this method [22, 58]. The concentration of PLGA and stabilizer didn’t show any direct correlation with the size distribution of the precipitated nanop98. 52% ± 0. 2). The high entrapment is because of the precipitation method of preparation of nanosuspensions. In this method technique the drug which is hydrophobic in nature is soluble in organic solvent but is very slightly soluble in water. Nanop0. 3%. The optimized Cur-Nanogel was found to be smooth, translucent, clear, homogenous with good spreadability and consistency. The obtained properties of prepared gel were found suitable, safe for compatible topical application, particularly in wound healing.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Sound therapy is being explored to support relaxation and reduce stress levels. [SEP] Text: 8 KB 2, 2022 206 Downloads MD5: ddc8fdc0d5903e708129c6f27b2bd194 Interview transcript with P4 interview_transcript_part5 Unknown - 19. 0 KB 2, 2022 206 Downloads MD5: 4bb9a3e882042c5c9ca6df12d4b96790 Interview transcript with P5 12102550 OAI_. org JSON-doi:10. 22452/RD/Z42022-12-02 Effects of Relaxation (PMR) on the stress levels of novice music teachers during Covid-19 movement control order (MCO) Author Poon, (Universiti Malaya) - ORCID: 0000-0003-1205-6880 Yong, Peyee (Universiti Malaya) Point of email button above to contact. Hwa (Universiti Malaya) outbreak of 2019 (COVID-19) has contributed stress to many people around the world due to fear and anxiety. Other than health issues, it threatened the overall economy and influenced a drastic change of lifestyle. The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to examine the effect of music listening and progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) on the stress level of novice music teachers in Malaysia. This research investigated on: (1) the career and stress-related challenges of music teachers; (2) effect of music listening and progressive muscle relaxation (PMR); and (3) potential confounding factors. Total of 30 participants were divided equally into high-moderate stress and low stress groups based on their stress scores measured by Scale-10 (PSS-10). 10 participants were interviewed about their career and stress-related challenges which then categorised into: professional and non-professional. Professional challenges included online teaching and learning, time management and financial issue while non-professional challenges included physiological issues, emotional issues and “new normal”. All participants were experimented with intervention of music and PMR. Results revealed significant decrease in stress scores among majority of music teachers from high-moderate stress group and insignificant difference in low stress group. The same 10 participants were interviewed to examine on the confounding factors affecting the experiment results which were categorised into personal, music and methodological factor. The intervention was useful as a stress-reduction therapy and more beneficial on participants with higher stress level.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: Elements identified in the air include bacteria, either in vegetative status or spores, fungi, yeasts, microbial toxins and secondary metabolites like bacterial endotoxin, peptidoglycans or fungal β(1,3)-glucans, volatile organic compounds, pollens, pet and insect allergens, other allergens, viruses, protozoa, etc. [1-3]. Many bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa may be infectious to humans and they may cause specific infectious diseases. Infectious agents are usually received from other humans, from animals (these infections are zoonoses), or from environmental sources such as contaminated water, soil, etc. Biological contamination in indoor air may have sources like outdoor air, human body, bacteria that are growing indoors, and pets. Advertisement 2. Biological contamination of indoor air2. 1. Bacteria in the indoor environmentsThe most common building-associated bacteria are saprophytic bacteria of the normal human skin, mouth, and nose that are emitted into the indoor air and bacteria originating from outdoors air [1-3]. Other common bacteria of indoor environments include heterotrophic bacteria that grow in the water reservoirs or moist sites of the building, such as bathroom sinks. Specifically, legionellae and nontuberculous environmental mycobacteria develop in biofilms of water pipelines or in water reservoirs of cooling systems. Actinobacteria (especially Streptomycetes), Bacillus species and various other bacteria grow in moist building materials together with fungi. Elements from bacterial structures released in air include bacterial cells, bacterial spores, peptidoglycans, microbial volatile organic compounds, exotoxins, and other bacteria growing metabolites [1]. Humans are an important source of indoor bacteria. The upmost layer of the normal human skin is continuously renewed, and skin scales containing bacteria are shed into the environment [1]. Bacteria in the respiratory airways are eliminated through Pflügge droplets while talking, coughing, or sneezing. The level of air contamination is dependent on the number of persons inside a room and the efficiency of the ventilation system (natural or artificial ventilation). Bacteria that can be identified in indoor air are micrococci, staphylococci, streptococci, and corynebacteria [1].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: 11987510. 1016/10. 2147/IJN. S18791810. 1016/j. arabjc. 2017. 05. 01110. 1016/10. 4255/mcpharmacol. 15. 0410. 3390/gels704021310. 1080/22311866. 2020. 180673110. 1016/j. mtcomm. 2023. 10605010. 1186/2008-2231-20-7610. 1007/s13204-012-0188-310. 1016/j. ijpharm. 2009. 11. 00710. 1016/j. matchemphys. 2020. 12289810. 1590/S1984-8250201600030001510. 4103/0250-474X. 5729110. 1590/0001-376520162016016210. 1016/j. ejphar. 2020. 17317210. 1016/10. 1016/j. jsps. 2011. 08. 00110. 1016/10. 1080/10837450802409438193. 2019 Green synthesis of silver nanop10. 1016/10. 1002/aoc. 501610. 1155/2013/97202810. 3390/scipharm8802002610. 1021/acs. oprd. 6b0034710. 1039/c8ra08435a10. 1021/ed077p35910. 3109/0363904980910857110. 1007/s10661-021-09261-110. 1016/j. indcrop. 2019. 04. 02110. 1016/j. jfca. 2004. 11. 00510. 1016/j. foodchem. 2006. 06. 02310. 1007/s10787-016-0264-510. 2174/138920021866617011610355510. 1016/j. biomaterials. 2011. 11. 01110. 1016/j. polymdegradstab. 2010. 08. 01510. 1007/s40199-018-00235-210. 1021/acs. iecr. 9b0474710. 1081/DDC-10010219710. 12968/jowc. 2012. 21. 9. 45710. 1016/j.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some immersive soundscapes are designed to simulate natural environments, like forests or oceans. [SEP] Text: Typically, these exercises are performed in natural and relatively quiet environments to avoid distractions and to allow practitioners to better focus on the moment [52]. For novices, it is challenging to transform a walk on a crowded and noisy sidewalk into a relaxed meditation. Playing a soundscape through ANC headphones can present a different world acoustically, but so far there has been a lack of research on how augmented footstep sounds affect listeners in such auditively modified worlds in urban areas. We therefore developed EnvironZen, a mobile app that augments the footstep sounds to immerse the user into a different world, while visual stimuli of reality are preserved. In order to investigate the influence on walking, we first examined different soundscapes and footstep sounds in an online survey and then tested the most preferred soundscapes in an in-situ field study with 16 participants. Furthermore, we investigated whether augmented footstep sounds are suitable for navigation and observed the influence of sound delays and speedups and the playback of different warning sounds, e. g. when bicycles are approaching. Repeated small interviews were conducted to capture each individual experience and perception of the urban environment and soundscapes. 2 showed that visually impaired people prefer other urban areas than people without visual impairment, as different characteristics gain importance [90]. From this, Southworth derived the concept of the sonic city. R. established the term of soundscapes [82], which is composed of three features: keynote sounds (natural noises like wind or water), signals (acoustic warnings like bells), and soundmarks (individual sounds that identify a specific location). In contrast to an acoustic environment, a soundscape is a deliberate composition of the aforementioned three features by a designer’s vision [53]. With the increasing awareness of acoustic environments [53], cities start to actively monitor noise pollution [9], as noise is related to health problems [48], [74], whereas natural sounds have been found to provide health benefits [2], [10], [22]. An audio augmented reality (AAR) is a superimposition of real world soundscapes with virtual sound sources [29]. It embeds computer-generated sounds into the user’s acoustic environment [35], [63]. Sonification integrates data into the sounds to convey information [60].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: The presence of pets in indoor spaces can represent an important source of air contamination and can be linked with the level of indoor endotoxins. The presence of dogs and cats can be the main predictors of endotoxin levels in house dust [1, 4-7]. Other predictors are the presence of vermin, such as mice, and infrequent cleaning, which indicates poor hygienic conditions in the home [1]. Storage of organic household waste indoors also increases bacterial contamination in the indoor environment [1]. Bacteria actively growing or accumulating in the indoor environment may cause health effects and may require specific actions to control growth and prevent the exposures. Bacterial growth can be found wherever standing water is present and Gram-negative bacteria can be identified in this environment. The presence of bacteria, either as viable bacteria or bacterial spores, mycotoxins, chemical markers like β-glucans and volatile organic compounds, and endotoxins, represents an indication of high humidity in the indoor environment [1]. 2. 2. Fungi in indoor environmentsFungi are present in both outdoor and indoor air. The levels found in the outdoor air can range from less than 100 spores/m3 up to100 000 spores/m3. Normally, the fungi levels are lower in indoor spaces compared with outdoor spaces. If the conditions that permit the fungal growth are present, for example, in damp houses, the levels of fungi in the indoor air can reach very high concentrations. Fungi level measurements are expressed in colony-forming units (CFUs) per cubic meter of air. The levels of fungi and the type of fungi identified in indoor air depend on the season, construction features, age, and use of the building as well as the ventilation rate. The most common fungal genera occurring in indoor environments are Penicillium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Alternaria, and yeasts [1-3]. These genera are also the most frequently occurring fungi in outdoor air. Spores of fungi are present everywhere, and they are able to germinate wherever there is water available and the ranges between 0. 80 and 0. 98. Fungi need carbohydrates, proteins, and lipid to develop. They can find all these elements in house dust, construction materials like wallpaper or textiles, paint, glue, wood, paper and books, stored food, or deposit of cooking oil.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: However, there is limited evidence in the possible ameliorative effect of curcumin against ACR-induced neurotoxicity. Prasad and Muralidhara [22] have demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of curcumin in an ACR model of neurotoxicity in an insect species, Drosophila melanogaster. A recently published study [23] reported that curcumin would exert a protective effect against ACR-induced spatial memory impairment in rats. However, the anti-apoptotic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of curcumin have not been well evaluated in ACR-induced neurotoxicity. In the present study, we identified whether curcumin could exert protective effects against neuron apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory response caused by ACR exposure in rats. MethodsChemicals ACR and curcumin were purchased from Amresco Co. () and Sigma chemicals Co. (St. ), respectively. Experimental design Male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 200-220 g, were obtained from Center (Hubei, China). Rats were housed in standard translucent cages (5 animals/cage) under controlled standard conditions (23 ± 2 °C, 55 ± 5% relative humidity, 12 h light/dark cycle) with restricted access to standard rat chow and free access to tap water. After a 1-week acclimation period, all animals were randomly divided into 5 groups of 10 rats in each group: (1) normal control group; (2) ACR-intoxicated control group; (3) low-dose (50mg/kg) curcumin treatment group and (4) high-dose (100 mg/kg) curcumin treatment group. Animals in 2-4 groups were intraperitoneally injected with ACR dissolved in normal saline at the dose of 40 mg/kg every other day for 4 weeks. The normal rats received saline as control. Meanwhile, rats in the curcumin treatment groups were daily administered with curcumin at the corresponding oral administration dose for 4 weeks. The doses of ACR and curcumin were chosen based on the previous study [5] and preliminary experiments. The normal and ACR-intoxicated control animals were orally administered with the same volume of distilled water. Body weight and behavioral alterations were monitored once a week.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some immersive soundscapes are designed to simulate natural environments, like forests or oceans. [SEP] Text: Nowadays, Hearables [31], [76], Earables [55] and headphones with active noise cancellation allow for acoustic transparency to let their listeners stay aware of the environment. McGill et al. envisioned that in the future users will immerse themselves into an acoustically interactive space with personal and private auditory displays [64]. They investigated the impact of acoustic transparency with a focus on external sound sources and found that acoustically transparent and isolated headsets have an effect on the realness and presence of the content. In virtual realities, footstep sounds enhance the perceived level of presence [56] and also affect walking behavior [47], [84], [101]. In the context of AAR, sonified footsteps offer a certain degree of realism and interactivity with virtual acoustic worlds. Concepts of mounted step sensing and footstep playback on urban running routes aim to provide a more natural running experience [98]. Vibration feedback from shoes was used to change the perceived physical structure of a surface [89], [93]. Different natural surface simulations by footstep sounds were found to influence the biomechanics of walking [95], perceived body weight [92], emotions [62], step length [30], and walking pace [67], [97]. Those effects were also used to manage gait disturbances in Parkinson’s disease [79], gait rehabilitation in chronic stroke patients by pitched natural footstep sounds [36], and foot pressure balance for runners [71]. Music that was modified by footsteps showed no perceived effects on user’s gait [38]. Using non-naturalistic footstep sounds showed no significant effects on walking patterns [17]. The preferred volume of footstep playback was found not to significantly differ from the volume of the soundscape [96]. Most of the mentioned studies that analyzed augmented footsteps were carried out under controlled lab settings and did not involve users walking in real application scenarios. Hence, the results are often based on small distances. Furthermore, effects due to the measuring equipment, e. g. shoe prototypes, could influence the results. The existing body of related works shows that soundscapes and footsteps contribute to the immersion in virtual worlds [56], in which footstep sounds also influence walking behavior [47], [62], [67], [84], [92], [95], [97], [101].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: Fungi can grow on inert materials like ceramic tiles [2]. 2. 3. Allergens in indoor environmentAllergens are a group of agents that may cause a specific IgE-mediated reaction in humans. Fungal allergens can trigger type I allergic reactions and IgE sensitization to fungal species like Alternaria, Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Cladosporium spp. All these types of fungi species can induce allergic respiratory diseases, especially acute asthma attacks. Fungal allergens can also trigger type III-IgG-mediated allergic reactions (Penicillium and Aspergillus) and even type IV allergic reactions. This is the premise of the onset of hypersensitivity pneumonitis [2]. Allergens may also be present in indoor air due to house dust mites. The mite species that produce allergens are Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (major allergens—Der p I and Der p II) and Dermatophagoides farina (major allergen—Der f I). 2. 4. EndotoxinsThese are toxins integrated in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, which are composed of proteins, lipids, and lipopolysaccharides [2, 4-8]. The bacterial cell lysis determines the release of endotoxins. In the air, endotoxins are bound to coarse p2. 5. (1 → 3)- β -D-glucansIt is a structural element of the cell wall of fungi and some bacteria, and it can be found in house dust. (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans do not have allergic properties. However, they do have immune-modulating properties. Exposure to (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans in home environment can induce respiratory diseases [2, 9, 10] and may increase peak flow variability in asthmatic children. 2. 6. MycotoxinsThese are toxins (secondary metabolites) produced by fungi that interfere with RNA synthesis and can cause DNA damage. Some mycotoxins like aflatoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus induce carcinogenic effects [2, 11]. Indoor exposure to mycotoxins produced by Stachybotrys chartarum can be associated with acute pulmonary hemorrhage. 2. 7.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: At 24 h after the last administration, all animals were euthanized by CO2 asphyxiation, brain tissues were quickly collected. Behavioral tests All rats were subjected to behavioral analysis to assess their motor functions. In the hind limb splay examination [3,5], the hind paws of rats were inked, then the rats were placed in a horizontal position of 30 cm high and dropped onto a white paper. The distance between the center points of right and left heels were recorded as the landing foot spread distance. In the movement initiation test [5, 24], the rat was held by its hind limbs and its torso, one forelimb was lifted above a table in order that the body weight was supported by the other forelimb alone. Then, rat was allowed to initiate stepping movements for one forelimb, and then the other. The averaged time period to initiate one step was recorded as the response latency for each forelimb. In the gait score test [3,5], animals were placed on the table and were observed for 3 min. Gait was scored as follow: 1: normal gait; 2, slightly abnormal gait characterized by slight ataxia, weakness and foot splay; 3, moderately abnormal gait characterized by obvious ataxia and foot splay with limb spread during ambulation; 4, severely abnormal gait characterized by a combination of all the above symptoms, dragging hind limbs and inability to support body weight. Histopathological analysis The collected brain tissues were fixed with 10% neutral-buffered formalin, subsequently dehydrated and embedded in paraffin. Then, paraffin-embedded brain sections of 5-μm thickness were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) to observe the histopathological changes. The histopathological changes in cerebral cortex, hippocampal CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus regions were analyzed. TUNEL assay The apoptotic neurons in the brain sections were detected using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some immersive soundscapes are designed to simulate natural environments, like forests or oceans. [SEP] Text: There is a positive influence of natural sounds [2], [10], [22], [23] on health, and augmented footsteps sounds may serve as an unobtrusive feedback channel [36], [71], [79]. In addition, soundscapes themselves can provide special cues about the environment [15], [21], [32], [45], [83]. However, so far the main focus of deploying interactive soundscapes has been on city parks [6], [61], [85], [99], [100], guidance with soundscapes [6], [66], [78], [88], [104] and virtual reality with augmented footsteps [47], [56], [84], [101]. Our vision is motivated by noisy and stressful city center environments [7] that can now be masked out by ANC headphones [20], [68], [70]. This might enable the transformation of any acoustic environment into a natural soundscape and provide interactivity in AAR via augmented footstep sounds. Relaxing and exploratory experiences to promote health by walking [73], [77], [100] thus can be implemented at any location and extend the capabilities of sound gardens [85]. The created natural soundscapes can be enhanced by warning sounds that fit into the virtual acoustic environment in order to notify the listeners [21] of hazardous situations, without completely taking the user out of the immersive experience. For instance, approaching vehicles that share their location in real time can communicate with pedestrians in virtual acoustic worlds [24]. However, in previous works, external sounds from the virtual environment were used as cues, while virtual sounds produced by the listeners themselves, e. g. , footsteps, were not considered. For example, when accidentally leaving a guided audio path [66], special footstep sounds can notify users that they walk the wrong way, as they would when walking beside a gravel path in the forest. Accelerated or delayed footstep sounds could unobtrusively hint users to hurry up, e. g. to catch a bus, or calm down to be more relaxed [67]. By switching between different soundscapes, users can experience a multifaceted path with a rich variety of impressions [97]. In this work, we explore the vision of augmented interactive soundscapes in city centers with augmented footstep sounds and its influence on listeners.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: Fungi and Compounds (VOC) in indoor airFungi can produce around 200 volatile organic compounds. The identification of the VOCs in indoor air shows that there is a fungal growth present, even if the quantitative measurements are negative [11]. One of the most important substances that can be identified in indoor air is formaldehyde that can induce cancer. 2. 8. VirusesIndoor air humidity can induce a longer survival time of respiratory viruses and increased risk of respiratory infection and allergic diseases. Advertisement 3. Exposure evaluation of biological contamination of indoor airIndoor air levels of bacterial concentrations of <1, 000 CFU/m3 can be regarded as “low, ” and concentrations of >5, 000 CFU/m3 can be regarded as “high” [1]. These numbers reflect mainly the crowdedness of the room and the efficiency of the ventilation and thus are a measure of the hygienic quality of the indoor air. Characterizing the bacterial flora in the sample may give additional information about the sources of the bacteria present. If Gram-positive cocci and corynebacteria, the common bacteria of the human skin, are the dominating groups, this indicates human sources [1]. The presence of Gram-negative bacteria shows an active bacterial growth due to the presence of water indoors. Gram-positive bacteria with exo- and endospores like Streptomyces and Bacillus can grow on moist building materials. Their spores are very resistant and can survive even if the air humidity is low. The presence of fecal bacteria like the group of Enterobacteriaceae is considered heavy contamination of indoor air, coming probably from a sewage leakage. The presence of actinomycetes shows the growth of microbes in the building material. The presence of two groups of bacteria, that is, Legionella and actinomycetes, has a special importance in indoor air. Legionella spp. are Gram-negative environmental bacteria that have found a remarkable ecological niche in man-made water systems, especially in those serving air conditioning systems for heat transfer [1]. Advertisement 4. Health effects induced by indoor exposure to biological contaminantsIndoor air contamination can generate a multitude of effects on human health. The effects are especially on the respiratory system. Allergic reactions can be induced by the exposure to different biological agents that are identified in indoor air.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: After deparaffinization and rehydration, the brain sections were permeabilized with proteinase K solution, then exposed to the mixture of biotinylated nucleotide dUTP and recombinant terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) following the instruction manual of (Servicebio, Wuhan, China). Staining with 4,6-diamino-2-phenyl indole (DAPI) (Sigma, St. Louis, USA) was performed to visualize nuclei. Images were obtained under a fluorescent microscope (). Real-time of brain cerebral cortex tissues was isolated using TRIzol reagent (). The expression levels of TERT mRNA were measured by real-time PCR using all-in-OneTM qPCR master mix AOPR-1200 (). The sequences of primer sets for TERT were 5’-- 3’(forward) and 5’--3’ (reverse). β-actin gene was applied as a reference. Immunohistochemistry Paraffin-embedded brain sections of 5-μm thickness were incubated with a rabbit anti-TERT antibody (Servicebio, Wuhan, China), then a biotinylated goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody (Servicebio, Wuhan, China). Immune complexes were visualized using 3,3’-diaminobenzidine tetrachloride (DAB). Then, sections were counter-stained with hematoxylin. Measurement of parameters related to oxidative stress in cerebral homogenates The brain tissue homogenates were made by homogenizing each cerebral cortex tissue with 9 times volume of PBS on ice, then centrifuging. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) as well as the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in the cerebral homogenates were measured according to their respective manufacturer’s instructions (Bio-Engineering Co. , Ltd. , Nanjing, China). The protein contents in cerebral homogenates were detected using the bicinchoninic acid assay kit (Bio-Engineering Co. , Ltd. , Nanjing, China).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some immersive soundscapes are designed to simulate natural environments, like forests or oceans. [SEP] Text: Table 1 Algorithm parameterization based on 230 recorded steps from two people during running and walking. The parameters were optimized with an evolutionary algorithm using a Gaussian mutation operator. p 1 0. 2 0. 629 p 2 1. 5 1. 365 p 3 4 3. 893 p 4 1 1. 017 p 5 0. 7 0. 715 3. 2 Soundscapes & We use different royalty-free soundscapes and footstep sounds from the web for our application. Ten different, randomly selected footstep sound variations for each surface ensure that listeners get the feeling of uniqueness for every step they take. Furthermore, the measured duration between two detected heel strikes is used to model the volume of the footstep sound in order to reinforce this impression. The spectrograms shown in Figure 2 visualize some of the implemented soundscapes and their frequency distributions. Beach is composed of an ocean wave keynote sound, which is accompanied by seagull cries as soundmarks. In this soundscape, users walk on sand to create the impression of a walk on the beach. The spectrogram shows a relatively uniform frequency distribution, which is primarily defined by the ocean wave peaks. Creek is defined only by the keynote of flowing water. Although the spectrum is similar to Beach, there are no clear soundmarks here and the listener walks on deep puddles. Forest is a rich soundscape with singing birds as soundmarks and a small creek as a keynote sound. The listener walks on dry leaves through this soundscape. The spectrum here is characterized by high-frequency birdsong. Similarly, Jungle takes the listener to the soundscape of a rainforest. Besides singing birds, chirping crickets and frogs can be heard. The reverb effect creates a wide and extensive atmosphere, in which the listener walks on the same dry-leaves-sound as before in the forest. The abundance of the environment can also be seen in the high intensities in the lower frequency range. soundscape represents an empty place, only defined by blowing wind and a screaming eagle, which is clearly identifiable in the spectrum by the two peaks at 5 and 30 seconds. Here, the listener walks on little stones or gravel whereby the strong wind hints at the location. Likewise, the Snow soundscape is defined by cold, blowing wind, which presents the soundscape much more dominantly than the wind in the mountain soundscape. Comparing the spectra of Snow and Mountain reveals this difference.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: Also, there is evidence to suggest that exposure to biological pollutants in indoor air can be associated with symptoms with neurological basis like headaches, fatigue, and forgetfulness. Some of the effects on the respiratory system related to the biological contamination of indoor air are due to the inflammation of the airways. This can appear in both allergic (with the implication of IgE and IgG antibodies) and nonallergic respiratory diseases. The separation between those two entities is important in the case of asthma and rhinitis. 4. 1. RhinitisRhinitis is induced by the inflammation of the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract. Symptoms of rhinitis are nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and conjunctivitis. Rhinitis can be of allergic or nonallergic cause [1, 11]. 4. 2. AsthmaAllergic asthma involves IgE-mediated sensitivity and eosinophils in presence of an atopic underlying reaction of the respiratory airways [1, 12-18]. Among adults, there is also an increasing prevalence of asthma. People with moderate to severe asthma will react adversely toward biological and other contaminants in the indoor environment due to a nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness. That is an exaggerated bronhoconstrictor response to numerous numbers of stimuli. The severity of asthma and the need of medication in house dust mite allergic patients is closely related to the amount of endotoxin in house dust in a dose-dependent manner [1]. Pollen allergens interact with other sources of fine p4. 3. Chronic bronchitisChronic bronchitis is defined as cough with phlegm (productive cough) for at least 3 months per year for 2 years or more [1, 17-19]. Chronic bronchitis may be present with or without airways obstruction. The underlying mechanism is an increase in mucus secreting glands and alterations in the characteristics of the mucus itself [1]. Airway inflammation is present, and an increased number of neutrophils can be observed [1]. Subjects with chronic bronchitis may also have symptoms such as dyspnea, chest tightness, and wheezing, and there is thus a considerable overlap in symptoms between allergic asthma, nonallergic asthma, and bronchitis [1].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: AbbreviationsACR: Acrylamide; GSH: Glutathione; GSH-Px: Glutathione peroxidase; HE: Hematoxylin and eosin; IL-1β: Interleukin-1β; MDA: Malondialdehyde; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; TERT: Telomerase reverse transcriptase; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; TUNEL: Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labellingDeclarationsEthics approval and consent to participate Animal experiments were approved by the of Medicine College, of Science and Technology (resolution number 2019078), and accomplished in line with the guidelines of the Council of China. Consent for publication Not applicable. Availability of data and materials The datasets supporting the conclusions of this 57. . Acrylamide in human diet, its metabolism, toxicity, inactivation and the associated legal regulations in food industry. Nutr. 2019 Mar 25:1-16. . Calpeptin is neuroprotective against acrylamide-induced neuropathy in rats. Toxicology. 2018;400-401:1-8. . Neurotoxicity of acrylamide in exposed workers. . 2013; 10(9):3843-54. . Down-regulation of telomerase reverse transcriptase-related anti-apoptotic function in a rat model of acrylamide induced neurobehavioral deficits. Biotech Histochem. 2018;93(7):512-8. . Acrylamide exerts its cytotoxicity in NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells by apoptosis. Health. 2018;34(7):481-9. . Acrylamide-induced apoptosis in rat primary astrocytes and human astrocytoma cell lines. Vitro. 2014;28(4):562-70. . Taurine attenuates acrylamide- induced apoptosis via a PI3K/AKT-dependent manner. Toxicol. 2018;960327118765335. . Roles for Telomerase in the System. Neurosci. 2018;11:160. .

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some immersive soundscapes are designed to simulate natural environments, like forests or oceans. [SEP] Text: Here, the listener walks on deep snow through this rough and cold environment. Further, we implemented a Rain soundscape, in which continuous rain and a footstep sound of walking in a puddle creates the acoustic environment. soundscape was added as a playful, interactive music environment, in which the act of walking generates music similar to a floor piano. A continuous drum beat is played and to every footstep, a random note of a kalimba is played. In this soundscape, the effect of the footstep volume adjustment based on the duration between two steps becomes particularly useful for creating unique sounds with every step. Figure 2Spectrograms of the various soundscapes: During a walk the background sounds are played continuously. 4 We aimed to evaluate our soundscapes and the footstep sounds in order to find the most preferred and pleasant sounds for a subsequent in-situ field study. In addition, we wanted to investigate which warning signals that match the soundscape can also be used to interpret approaching vehicles, such as scooters or bicycles. Sixteen individuals (four female and twelve male) aged between 22 and 32 years (M = 25. 2, SD = 2. 3 years) were surveyed. They were asked about their headphone usage and whether they use noise cancelling headphones. Further, we added questions regarding exercises for relaxation purposes with and without digital support through wearables or apps. After the first set of demographic questions and headphone usage, respondents were introduced to put on their headphones in a quiet environment and to listen carefully to the subsequent audio samples. In the first part, they had to listen and rate the footstep sounds from Section 3. 2 on a 5-point scale from very unpleasant to very pleasant. The survey continued with a vision video of our application, in which we introduced the idea of augmented footstep sounds in urban areas. As before, the respondents listened to and rated each soundscape including the footstep sounds. The last part showed a 10-second video of a walking person and an approaching bicycle to demonstrate the idea of soundscape-related warning sounds. The audio track consisted of a soundscape and footstep sounds from Section 3. 2. In this video, the approaching cyclist is shown ringing the bell, but the bell sound is replaced by different warning sounds, depending on the soundscape.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: Biological contamination through the presence of endotoxin and β-glucan can be incriminated in the pathogenesis of bronchitis [1]. 4. 4. Chronic airflow obstructionSeveral studies have shown associations between chronic airflow obstructions as measured by spirometry (particularly FEV1) and organic dust exposures in industrial and agricultural occupational populations [1, 19]. Endotoxin exposure may play an important role. 4. 5. (HP) or Alveolitis (EAA) [1, 2, 20]The disease, also known as “farmers lung” or “pigeon breeder’s lung, ” is one of the most severe diseases induced by fungi and thermophilic actinomycetes (spore-forming bacteria) exposure. The clinical aspect of HP is represented by severe pulmonary disease with pneumonia-like fever, cough, tightness of chest, shortness of breath, inflammation of pulmonary parenchyma, and development of pulmonary granulomas. HP is very similar to organic dust toxic syndrome (ODTS). 4. 6. (ODTS)The disease is similar to influenza and is characterized by symptoms like acute fever, dry cough, dyspnea, chest tightness, headache, shivering, malaise, fatigue, and muscle and joint pains. ODTS is a nonallergic neutrophil-mediated airway inflammation [1]. 4. 7. Atopic allergic dermatitisThis disease can be induced by exposure to the biological indoor air pollutants. 4. 8. Sick building syndromeIn the 1988s, the concept of “sick building syndrome” (SBS) was established by the WHO [1, 3, 21, 22]. The label sick building syndrome (SBS) can be applied when the inhabitants or occupants of different indoor spaces develop acute health problems or discomfort inside the rooms. The exposed people have the following symptoms: eye, nose, and throat irritation and dryness; itching and dryness of skin and eyes; dry cough; nausea; vomiting; headache; difficulty in concentration; fatigue; etc. The symptoms disappear after cessation of the exposure. Advertisement 5. Aim and purpose of the studyThe aim of the study was to assess indoor air contamination from the point of view of bacteriological and fungal contamination of different indoor spaces like houses, schools, offices, archives, and spaces with commercial destinations [23-25]. Advertisement 6.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: Behavioral tests All rats were subjected to behavioral analysis to assess their motor functions. In the hind limb splay examination [3,5], landing foot spread distance was measured as follow: the hind paws of rats were inked, then the rats were placed in a horizontal position of 30 cm high and dropped onto a white paper. The distance between the center points of right and left heels were recorded. In the movement initiation test [5, 24], the rat was held by its hind limbs and its torso, one forelimb was lifted above a table in order that the body weight was supported by the other forelimb alone. Then, rat was allowed to initiate stepping movements for one forelimb, and then the other. The averaged time period to initiate one step was recorded as the response latency for each forelimb. In the gait score test [3,5], animals were placed on the table and were observed for 3 min. Gait was scored as follow: 1: normal gait; 2, slightly abnormal gait characterized by slight ataxia, weakness and foot splay; 3, moderately abnormal gait characterized by obvious ataxia and foot splay with limb spread during ambulation; 4, severely abnormal gait characterized by a combination of all the above symptoms,dragging hind limbs and inability to support body weight. Histopathological analysis The collected brain tissues were fixed with 10% neutral-buffered formalin, subsequently dehydrated and embedded in paraffin. Then, paraffin-embedded brain sections of 5-μm thickness were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) to observe the histopathological changes. The histopathological changes incerebral cortex, hippocampal CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus regions were analyzed. TUNEL assay The apoptotic neurons in the brain sections were detected using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay following the instruction manual of (Servicebio, Wuhan, China). Real-time PCR The expression levels of TERT mRNA in cerebral Cortex were measured by real-time PCR using all-in-OneTM qPCR master mix AOPR–1200 (GeneCopoeia, Rockville, MD).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some immersive soundscapes are designed to simulate natural environments, like forests or oceans. [SEP] Text: In the Snow soundscape participants perceived the footstep sounds on snow similar to a wooden floor. From the findings we selected Forest, Beach, and Mountain for the in-situ study. Since the galloping Horse in the Beach soundscape was rated low, we decided to change that sound to a for the main study. Further we asked which other soundscapes they would like to immerse in. Participants mentioned a drip stone cave, the soundscape of the moon, a medieval township, a sunny meadow, City at night, and one wanted to have a trampoline sound for the footsteps in a fun park. 5 In-conducted a field study to find out how augmented footstep sounds can be used in urban environments. We recruited sixteen participants (three women and 13 men) aged 21 to 58 years (M = 28. 9, SD = 9. 7 years) for the in-situ study. Seven of these participants (M = 26. 9, SD = 2. 4 years) also participated in the previous online survey. One day before each volunteer participated in the study they were kindly instructed to fill out an initial questionnaire. We asked the same demographic questions as before about headphone usage and introduced the topic of the survey. In addition, we repeated the warning sound test for two selected soundscapes Forest and Beach. The intention was to increase awareness of the warning sounds for the following study so that the participants are able to interpret these signals in the soundscapes. For the Beach soundscape, two sounds were presented. At first the galloping horse sound from the online survey and second a ship horn sound. The latter was chosen for the study as this dominant sound can be more easily associated with a marine environment. The study took place on weekdays between noon and 5 PM in the city center of Hannover, Germany on a crowed pedestrian sidewalk next to a city street. Two construction sites, cars, restaurants, and stores shaped the lively acoustic environment and thus gave us the opportunity to test our application in the proposed scenario. Figure 4 depicts the study route taken in summer season of 2021 mainly during sunny weather with some wind blowing on several days. At the starting point, the experimenter handed out the Environinstalled on a 20 Pro to the participant. During the study the experimenter remotely controlled the app via Bluetooth with a Huawei OnePlus 3 smartphone.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: Materials and methodology of investigationThe methodology of the study implies the investigation of the levels of indoor air contamination with fungi and bacteria. The destination of the investigated indoor spaces was very diverse. The levels of bacteriological contamination were assessed in indoor spaces designated as living spaces, social use spaces like shops, and work and education spaces like schools, offices, and archives. Quantitative and qualitative assessments were made to evaluate the levels of air contamination. Passive and active methods were used to sample the air from the investigated sites. The results were compared to the enforced recommendations in Romania, at this moment. 6. 1. Investigated places6. 1. 1. Houses in Bucharest CityThere were 10 investigated apartments, with different numbers of room situated at different floors and with different geographical orientations and different characteristics. Type of investigated apartments:One apartment with one room, one inhabitant, nonsmokerOne apartment with one room, two inhabitants, one smoking inhabitantApartment with two separates rooms, two nonsmoking inhabitantsApartment with two separates rooms, three smoking inhabitantsApartment with two rooms, with five nonsmoking inhabitantsApartment with two separates rooms, four inhabitants, one smoking personApartment with three separates rooms, three nonsmoking inhabitantsApartment with three separates rooms, five inhabitants, one smoking personApartment with three rooms, five nonsmoking inhabitantsApartment with three rooms, with four inhabitants, one smoking personFor an accurate assessment of the biological contamination of indoor air, the measurements were made three times in a year, in the winter, in the summer, and in the autumn, 3 days consecutively, in the kitchen and in the living room of each investigated apartment. 6. 1. 2. SchoolsThere were two investigated schools, one in Bucharest and one in Giurgiu City. In the school in Bucharest, the investigations were madein an empty classroom, before 8:00 a. m. during the school day (at 9. 30 a. m. ), in a classroom with 23 childrenin a classroom with 36 children and 1 teacherin a classroom with 23 children and 1 teacherin a classroom (at 11:00 a. m. ) with 24 children and 1 teacherin the school library (at 10:00 a. m.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: The sequences of primer sets for TERT were 5’-- 3’(forward) and 5’-–3’ (reverse). β-actin gene was applied as a reference. Immunohistochemistry Paraffin-embedded brain sections of 5-μm thickness were incubated with a rabbit anti-TERT antibody (Servicebio, Wuhan, China), then a biotinylated goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody (Servicebio, Wuhan, China). Immune complexes were visualized using 3,3’-diaminobenzidine tetrachloride (DAB). Then, sections were counter-stained with hematoxylin. Measurement of parameters related to oxidative stress in cerebral homogenates The brain tissue homogenates were made by homogenizing each cerebral cortex tissue with 9 times volume of PBS on ice, then centrifuging. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) as well as the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in the cerebral homogenates were measured according to their respective manufacturer’s instructions (Bio-Engineering Co. , Ltd. , Nanjing, China). The protein contents in cerebral homogenates were detected using the bicinchoninic acid assay kit (Bio-Engineering Co. , Ltd. , Nanjing, China). Measurement of IL–1β and TNF-ɑ levels in cerebral homogenates The concentrations of IL–1β and TNF-ɑ in cerebral homogenates were determined using using ELISA kits according to the manufacturer’s instructions (IL–1β: PeproTech Inc. , NJ, USA TNF-ɑ: R&). Statistical analysis All data were expressed as the mean ± SD, and analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Tukey test by SPSS 22. 0 software. P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01 was considered statistically significant. ResultsEffect of curcumin on ACR-induced body weight and neurobehavioral changes As shown in Fig. 1A, the animals in the ACR group began to show slow growth compared to the normal control group since 2 weeks of exposure (P < 0. 05).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some immersive soundscapes are designed to simulate natural environments, like forests or oceans. [SEP] Text: The participant was instructed to comply with the traffic rules and asked put on the Sony WH-3000-XM3 ANC headphones. Figure 4Image at starting point (right) and study route map (left): at route segment A participants walked with headphones in ANC mode without any sounds. to D the soundscapes Beach, Forest, and Mountain. Augmented footstep sounds Sand, Leaves, and Gravel were played in the sections marked in green. was used for storytelling with footstep sounds and for playback of warning signals when vehicles are approaching. The pictograms indicate the soundscapes and the yellow marks show construction sites. was used for navigation. G and H were used for delayed or accelerated footstep sounds using the Forest sounds. After calibrating the ANC algorithm to the participant’s ears, the participant adjusted the volume of the soundscape and the step sounds to their preferred level and put the phone in their left trouser pocket. To make them familiar with ANC, they walked route segment A with ANC on, but without any sound augmentation to the end of the first sidewalk. The experimenter followed the participant all the time at a short distance. At the end of the route segment the participants took off the headphones and the experimenter interviewed them about the impression of the noise cancellation. All interviews were audio recorded for later analysis. Afterwards on the route segments B, C, and D the three soundscapes Beach, Forest, and Mountain were played in counterbalanced order. Until the middle of each route (marked in blue in Figure 4) the participants listened to the pure soundscape without footstep augmentation. Then (marked in green in Figure 4), the augmented footstep sounds Sand, Leaves, or Gravel were played depending on the soundscape. At the end of each route segment participants were interviewed about their impression on the temporal accuracy of augmented footstep sounds, whether they experienced immersion into the soundscapes, what they remembered to having heard, and whether and in what way the footstep sounds contributed to the scenery. When participants remarked that the volume of the soundscapes or of the footstep sounds was not appropriate, they had the opportunity to readjust the volume. Furthermore, we recorded GPS and accelerometer data, as well as timestamps, volume, and recognized steps. Route segment E is divided into the three soundscapes Beach, Forest and Mountain with augmented footsteps as shown in Figure 4.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: Still, this method permit an assessment of the types of microorganisms present in the air and can give an approximation of bacterial and fungal concentration in the air of investigated indoor spaces. 6. 2. 2. Active sampling methodThis method used an impactor sampler M. A. S. Q. -90, with 2 l/min airflow and a total air volume equal to 200 l. The following growth media were used [28]:tryptic soy agar (TSA) to determine the total number of bacteriablood agar to determine the presence of Staphylococcus and StreptococcusAgar (Oxoid) for fungi identificationTo obtain the total number of bacteria in the air of investigated rooms, the Petri dishes with growth media were incubated at 37°C for 24 h and then left for another 24 h at room temperature. To obtain the number of fungi colonies, the Petri dishes were exposed for 10 days at 25°C. The identification of bacteria types was made by macroscopic estimation (description of colony) and by microscopic estimation. Diagnosis of filamentous fungi was based on estimation of morphological features of growth on Czapek medium as well as on microscopic observation. 6. 3. Indicators used to assessed the air contamination of indoor airThe following were assessed and counted on a Petri dish:The total number of bacteria, expressed in CFU/m3 (colony-forming units/cubic meter, CFU/m3)The presence of Streptococcus alpha and beta hemolyticThe presence of Staphylococcus aureus and non-aureus with and without hemolytic proprietiesThe presence of coliform bacteria as an indicator of enteric contamination of airThe total number of fungi expressed in CFU/m3 as quantitative assessment of contaminationThe types of fungi as a qualitative assessment of indoor air contamination with fungi6. 4. 7. Results7. 1. Houses in Bucharest CityThe highest value for air contamination with germs at 37°C was equal to 21, 466 CFU/m3 in one of the apartments with one room (apartment B).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: Behavioral tests All rats were subjected to behavioral analysis to assess their motor functions. In the hind limb splay examination [3,5], the hind paws of rats were inked, then the rats were placed in a horizontal position of 30 cm high and dropped onto a white paper. The distance between the center points of right and left heels were recorded as the landing foot spread distance. In the movement initiation test [5, 24], the rat was held by its hind limbs and its torso, one forelimb was lifted above a table in order that the body weight was supported by the other forelimb alone. Then, rat was allowed to initiate stepping movements for one forelimb, and then the other. The averaged time period to initiate one step was recorded as the response latency for each forelimb. In the gait score test [3,5], animals were placed on the table and were observed for 3 min. Gait was scored as follow: 1: normal gait; 2, slightly abnormal gait characterized by slight ataxia, weakness and foot splay; 3, moderately abnormal gait characterized by obvious ataxia and foot splay with limb spread during ambulation; 4, severely abnormal gait characterized by a combination of all the above symptoms, dragging hind limbs and inability to support body weight. Histopathological analysis The collected brain tissues were fixed with 10% neutral-buffered formalin followed by dehydrating and paraffin-embedding. Then, embedded brain sections (5-μm thickness) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) for histopathological observation. The histopathological changes in cerebral cortex, hippocampal CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus regions were analyzed. TUNEL assay The apoptotic neurons in the brain sections were detected using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay. After deparaffinization and rehydration, the brain sections were permeabilized with proteinase K solution, then exposed to the mixture of biotinylated nucleotide dUTP and recombinant terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) following the instruction manual of (Servicebio, Wuhan, China).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some immersive soundscapes are designed to simulate natural environments, like forests or oceans. [SEP] Text: After 60 seconds, or the initial averaged step duration plus or minus 150 milliseconds, the footstep playback continued with this maximum step duration offset. Each participant either began by hearing increasing or decreasing footstep sound periods on route segment G and then continued with the other method on route segment H. After each segment, participants were interviewed if they noticed anything. Afterwards, participants were handed out a final questionnaire for gathering feedback about this study and the presented technology. We asked which study part they liked most, which soundscape they preferred and why, how accurate they found the timing of the step sounds to be, whether step sounds provided a more immersive and relaxing experience, as well as in which context they would use such audio augmentations. Furthermore, the participants were given the opportunity to give us free-form feedback. 6 the following, the results of the in-situ field study are presented. 6. 1 vs. Initially, the participants walked with active noise cancelling to familiarize themselves with the technology. In the subsequent interview eleven participants mentioned that it was unusual but pleasant to block the environmental noise. One noted that he never before realized how noisy the environment actually is. Two remarked that the headphones amplified their own footstep sounds while walking. In the following, results of our interviews from the counterbalanced soundscapes are presented. In the Beach soundscape, participants mostly mentioned the ocean wave sound first as a dominant keynote sound. One participant thought he mistook the sound of waves for approaching cars, and another noted that he had to look around to see where the water was coming from. P2 stated “It was confusing, it felt like I’m walking on a beach but I couldn’t see it. ”. Similarly P8 said “It was surreal to walk on the lively street but hear the soundscape of a beach. ”. Interestingly, some participants incorporated their visual impressions into the soundscape and felt even more immersed in a beach environment. P1 and P11 remarked that they had the impression of walking on a beach promenade, because of the restaurants nearby. P10, P12, and P14 had been on a beach vacation shortly before and felt taken back by the soundscape. With footstep augmentation, P6 noted “With the step sound it was different, I was more focused on the acoustic environment, it was more intense. ”.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: Contamination with staphylococci in kitchen air (CFU/m3). Figure 9. Contamination with staphylococci in living rooms air (CFU/m). The ratio between staphylococci/germs at 37°C is around 40% in the kitchen and over 50% in the living rooms (Fig. 10). Figure 10. Ratio between staphylococci/germs at 37° in investigated houses. The assessment of the fungal contamination showed that in many homes, the level of fungal contamination was very high in all investigated rooms. The levels of fungi were between 635 and 10, 859 CFU/m3. The highest values measured were 2, 802 CFU/m3 in the living room, 2, 302 CFU/m3 in the kitchen, 7, 675 CFU/m3 in the bathroom, and 10, 859 CFU/m3 in the bedroom (highest overall). The species of fungi identified were Penicillium, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus, Mucor, Cladosporium herbarum, and Fusarium. 7. 2. SchoolsIn a school in Bucharest, the following results were obtained: in an empty classroom, before 8:00 a. m. , the value identified was 25 CFU/m3; during the school day (at 9. 30:00 a. m. ) in a classroom with 23 children, the value identified was 67 CFU/m3; in a classroom with 36 children and 1 teacher, the value identified was 229 CFU/m3; in a classroom with 23 children and 1 teacher, the value identified was 140 CFU/m3; in a classroom (at 11:00 a. m. ) with 24 children and 1 teacher, the value identified was 1, 465 CFU/m3 with 38 CFU/m3 Streptococcus alpha-hemolytic present; in the school library (at 10:00 a. m.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: Staining with 4,6-diamino-2-phenyl indole (DAPI) (Sigma, St. Louis, USA) was performed to visualize nuclei. Images were obtained under a fluorescent microscope (). Real-time of brain cerebral cortex tissues was isolated using TRIzol reagent (). The expression levels of TERT mRNA were measured by real-time PCR using all-in-OneTM qPCR master mix AOPR-1200 (). The sequences of primer sets for TERT were 5’-- 3’(forward) and 5’--3’ (reverse). β-actin gene was applied as a reference. Immunohistochemistry Paraffin-embedded brain sections of 5-μm thickness were incubated with a rabbit anti-TERT antibody (Servicebio, Wuhan, China), then a biotinylated goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody (Servicebio, Wuhan, China). Immune complexes were visualized by incubation with 3,3’-diaminobenzidine tetrachloride (DAB) and hematoxylin. Measurement of parameters related to oxidative stress in cerebral homogenates The brain tissue were homogenized with 9 times the volume of PBS on ice and then centrifuged to prepare homogenates. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) as well as the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in the cerebral homogenates were measured following the respective manufacturer’s protocols (Bio-Engineering Co. , Ltd. , Nanjing, China). Protein contents in the cerebral homogenates were determined using the bicinchoninic acid assay kit (Bio-Engineering Co. , Ltd. , Nanjing, China). Measurement of IL-1β and TNF-ɑ levels in cerebral homogenates The concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-ɑ in cerebral homogenates were determined using using ELISA kits according to the manufacturer’s instructions (IL-1β: PeproTech Inc. , NJ, USA TNF-ɑ: R&). Statistical analysis All experiments were conducted with two technical replicates.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some immersive soundscapes are designed to simulate natural environments, like forests or oceans. [SEP] Text: However, P16 perceived, in contrast to the other participants, the steps as not being in sync with his footsteps and felt like someone is walking behind, which he found confusing. P10 remarked that augmented footsteps suppressed the sound of his own footsteps, which made the soundscape more immersive. P11 mentioned that the augmented footsteps reinforced the soundscape and gave a more intense feeling, making him focus more on his own footsteps and breathing. P8, P9, P12, P14 and P16 found the footstep sounds slightly too loud, which made it more difficult for them to immerse themselves in the environment. P12 mentioned that he was able to get used to the volume after taking a few steps. The participants were therefore given the opportunity to readjust the footstep volume for the following parts. When the experimenter asked after the Forest soundscape what kind of soundscape they heard, seven participants mentioned the Leaves step sound as a remarkable environmental feature. P15 rather mentioned dry grass and perceived the environment, like P10 and P16, in the very deep forest. P1 found the environment with step sounds more immersive but remarked “The footstep sounds came a bit too early. But when I began to imagine dry leaves on the ground making sounds before the feet touches the ground, I felt even more immersed in the forest. ”. P9 mentioned that the footstep sound matched his gait making the soundscape more immersive. For P5 it was challenging to concentrate on the soundscape due to the wind during the study. A misaligned footstep sound playback was perceived as disturbing. P6 repeated the perceived effect of focusing as in the Beach soundscape. For P4, the footstep sound increased the presence and the previously decreased footstep volume made it more realistic. P13 remarked that “the step sound was too beautiful to be realistic. ”. For P10, P14 and P15 the step volume was perceived as too loud and had to be adjusted. P12 stated that he immersed more in the soundscape by looking at the trees on the side of the road. Similarly, P3 reported that he focused more on his visual perception. The soundscape Mountain was perceived very differently among the participants. P3 imagined to walk in a forest on puddles which was less pleasant to him. P7 interpreted wind sounds as ocean waves and found the footstep volume too loud, which was readjusted in consequence.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: ) with 3 people inside, the biological contamination of air was equal to 45 CFU/m3; in study room number 1, next to the library with 15 children inside, the level of air contamination was equal to 89 CFU/m3; in study room number 2, next to the library, the room connected to the hall in front of the school library, the level of biological air contamination was equal to 427 CFU/m3; the level of air contamination in the school hall was equal to 180 CFU/m3; in the medical ward, with 8 people inside the room, the level of biological air contamination was equal to 60 CFU/m3, 1 CFU/m3 Streptococcus alpha hemolytic, and 1 CFU/m3 Streptococcus beta hemolytic present (Fig. 11). Figure 11. Level of bacteriological contamination of air in a school in Bucharest City. In a school in Giurgiu City, the following results were obtained: at 8:00 a. m. , a number of 1, 259 CFU/m3 was identified; at 11:00 a. m. , a number of 1, 732 CFU/m3 was identified; at 1:00 p. m. , a level of biological air contamination equal to 472 CFU/m3 was identified. In the school hall, the level of air contamination was equal to 2, 202 CFU/m3, the level of contamination of the air with S. non-aureus was equal to 1, 259 CFU/m3 at 8:00 a. m. and 11:00 a. m. , and 472 CFU/m3 at 1:00 p. m. ; the level of contamination with Streptococcus alpha-hemolytic was equal to 157 CFU/m3 at 11:00 a. m. In a classroom and in the school hall, at 1:00 p. m. , coliform bacteria were identified as an indicator of enteric contamination of air. The level of contamination with coliform bacteria was equal to 315 CFU/m3. The detected levels of coliform bacteria can be dangerous for children health (Fig. 12). Figure 12. Levels of bacteriological air contamination in a school in Giurgiu City. 7. 3.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: AbbreviationsACR: Acrylamide; GSH: Glutathione; GSH-Px: Glutathione peroxidase; HE: Hematoxylin and eosin; IL-1β: Interleukin-1β; MDA: Malondialdehyde; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; TERT: Telomerase reverse transcriptase; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; TUNEL: Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labellingDeclarationsEthics approval and consent to participate Animal experiments were approved by the of Medicine College, of Science and Technology (resolution number 2019078), and accomplished in line with the guidelines of the Council of China. Consent for publication Not applicable. Availability of data and materials The datasets supporting the conclusions of this 57. . Acrylamide in human diet, its metabolism, toxicity, inactivation and the associated legal regulations in food industry. Nutr. 2019 Mar 25:1-16. . Calpeptin is neuroprotective against acrylamide-induced neuropathy in rats. Toxicology. 2018;400-401:1-8. . Neurotoxicity of acrylamide in exposed workers. . 2013; 10(9):3843-54. . Down-regulation of telomerase reverse transcriptase-related anti-apoptotic function in a rat model of acrylamide induced neurobehavioral deficits. Biotech Histochem. 2018;93(7):512-8. . Acrylamide exerts its cytotoxicity in NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells by apoptosis. Health. 2018;34(7):481-9. . Acrylamide-induced apoptosis in rat primary astrocytes and human astrocytoma cell lines. Vitro. 2014;28(4):562-70. . Taurine attenuates acrylamide- induced apoptosis via a PI3K/AKT-dependent manner. Toxicol. 2018;960327118765335. . Roles for Telomerase in the System. Neurosci. 2018;11:160. .

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some immersive soundscapes are designed to simulate natural environments, like forests or oceans. [SEP] Text: P10 found himself in a primeval forest with a screaming parrot. During the interview, when mentioning the walked stony path, he noticed that the soundscape fits better to a mountain after all. P11 could not distinguish whether the wind noise was coming from cars on the road or the soundscape. P14 found the footstep sounds less synchronized with his gait. In contrast, P1 liked the quiet sounds. Although he perceived the soundscape as less immersive, he favored the footstep sound. Similarly, P15 mentioned “I could almost feel the surface structure of the ground. ”. P2 favoured the empty, quiet soundscape. The footsteps on the dry path and the wind were perceived as very relaxing. Readjusting the footstep sounds was remarked as more pleasant for P13. P12 associated the footsteps with a swamp. He remarked that in his bear-foot shoes he felt on the side way with the footstep sounds like he would “step into something. ”. Thus, he decided to shortly walk on a small grass field beside the road which was more pleasant to him. P6 used the quiet soundscape to focus on his gait while walking. Most interestingly P16 smiled and said “I felt taken back to my childhood. The soundscape matched the place where I grew up. I walked again on the stony path next to corn fields and a forest on the other side. ”. Further he continued “Without the footstep sounds I couldn’t have immersed myself back. ”. 6. 2 Storytelling and On the story path back to the starting point warning sounds were interpreted correctly, but none of the participants really integrated the approaching vehicles in their imagined story. P1 found the composition made of Beach, Forest, Mountain like a short walk through Japan. Beginning from the sea he walked up to the mountains. He remarked the as very appropriate to catch his attention. P2 interpreted the ship as a train and could not imagine where it was coming from in the Beach soundscape story. The windy weather on this day contributed to immersing into the entire story. Although the was easy to interpret in the Mountain soundscape, the participant was less aware of the traffic and instead felt more relaxed. P2 also stated “I would like to have control when warning sounds are played. When a bicycle was approaching in front of me I could already see it. ”.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: OfficesThe levels of fungal contamination were between 734 and 4, 034 CFU/m3. The fungi species identified were Penicillium spp. , A. niger, A. flavus, Aspergillus versicolor, Mucor, and Cladosporium. 7. 4. ArchivesThe levels of fungal contamination were between 655 and 1, 490 CFU/m3. By a qualitative assessment of air pollution with fungi, the following types of fungi were identified: Penicillium spp. , A. niger, A. flavus, A. versicolor, Mucor, Cladosporium. 7. 5. ShopsIn a supermarket with ground floor and 4 floors, the levels of bacteriological contamination are shown in Table 1. Average values Total number of bacteria at 37°/m3 air Total number of staphylococci/m3 air Hemolytic staphylococci/m3 air Staphylococcus aureus/m3 air α Hemolytic streptococci/m3 air β Hemolytic streptococci/m3 air Ground floor M 5, 140. 75 3, 296 161. 25 197. 72 328. 75 3. 24 E 13, 836. 00 10, 397. 25 404. 5 240. 75 964. 25 0 First floor M 3, 919. 25 2, 015. 5 137. 5 170. 55 213. 66 0 E 9, 258. 75 7, 316 372 232. 5 569. 33 0 Second floor M 6, 155. 45 4, 276. 33 299. 75 226. 25 182. 5 0 E 10, 916. 75 8, 705. 5 339 286. 25 549. 16 0 Third floor M 6, 946 4, 914. 25 280. 25 141 273. 5 0 E 13, 509. 25 10, 800. 5 419. 5 316 775. 5 0 Fourth floor M 6, 473. 75 4, 292. 75 301. 25 189. 97 228 0 E 10, 352. 25 7, 759. 75 405. 25 267. 78 560 0 Table 1. Levels of bacteriological air contamination in a supermarket in (M = morning, E = evening)Figure 13.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: -19 PreprintsProtocolsVideosJournalsTools & a 10. 21203/rs. 3. rs-128652/v1This work is licensed under a CC BY 4. 0 LicenseStatus:Under ReviewVersion 1posted 9You are reading this latest preprint versionAbstractPAC (3,5-Bis (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-N-methyl-4-piperidone), a novel bioactive curcumin analog, has been reported to have anticancer properties against various tumors. However, the anti-cancer effects of PAC on oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OC-SCC) were not studied yet. Our aim is to investigate the anti-oral cancer properties of PAC in vitro, and determine the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. Viability assays including MTT and LDH were conducted to measure cell proliferation. Flow cytometry-based cytotoxicity assay was performed to detect autophagic cell death and oxidative stress markers. Western blotting was used for measuring protein expression/activation in apoptotic, autophagic and pro-carcinogenic cellular signaling pathways. We demonstrated that PAC preferentially and, in a dose, -dependent way kills oral cancer cells, but was not toxic to normal human gingival cells. PAC destabilizes cell-cycle distributions, inhibits the expression of oncogenes (cyclin D1) and that of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (p21WAF1) is upregulated, increases the expression of p53 gene, and inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in oral cancer cells. The PAC effect involve various signaling pathways including NF-κcaspase-3/9 and PARP1. Finally, PAC demonstrated ability to induce autophagy, decrease production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increase intracellular glutathione (GSH) activity, and reduce mitochondrial membrane potential in oral cancer cells. In conclusion, PAC inhibits the proliferation and increases the apoptosis and autophagy and oxidative stress of oral cancer cells. These effects involve ERK1/2, p38/JNK, NF-κB and Wnt cellular signaling pathways. Overall, our study suggests the potential use of PAC to treat oral cancer.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some immersive soundscapes are designed to simulate natural environments, like forests or oceans. [SEP] Text: P3 has perceived the story of a plane crash on a lonely island. He remarked that the Woodpecker sound was less dominant and not appropriate for warnings. He watched the traffic but mentioned that he could also immerse into the story. Similarly, P4 stranded on a lonely island. P5 made a travel around Europe starting from the Northsea to the Alps. P6 wandered to a river source and completely forgot the study situation. The crossfade of the soundscapes was remarked as “extremely convincing. ”. P7 felt teleported through different worlds and almost forgot the city environment. warning sound was remarked as “surprisingly suitable and fitting into the soundscape. ”. P8 found the funny and surprising. It fitted well into the overall reality. P9 made a relaxing day on the beach and went back home in the mountains. Similarly, P10 imagined a tropical island and returned to the resort. He even felt that he could concentrate better on the traffic. P11 felt remembered of a full vacation. P12 made a walk to mountains but had the feeling he could concentrate less on the traffic. P13, P14 and P16 made similar walks. P15 stranded after shipwreck on a lonely island in search for food. The warning sounds did not match his story, which made him feel taken out of his story. 6. 3 were asked how synchronous they perceive the footstep sounds now after using the technology for a while. In 8 cases (P1, P2, P6, P12, P13, P14, P15 and P16) participants remarked that the step sound is now more synchronous as it was in the beginning. P5 was the only one who still perceived the footstep sounds as asynchronous with slight improvements. P3, P7 and P14 were impressed about the synchronous footstep feedback. P8 commented that the synchronicity of the footsteps depends on the sound and its dynamics. P16 remarked that he had to get used to the footstep sounds in the first five minutes of the study. Afterwards, he perceived the sounds and his footsteps as part of the soundscapes. The intended navigation path was walked by two people without taking the wrong path. Eleven participants stated that they instantly understood the footstep feedback on the wrong path and changed the direction immediately.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: Levels of bacteriological contamination of air in a supermarket—average values. The highest levels of contamination were registered in the evening and were equal to 13, 836 bacteria at 37°/m3 air at the ground floor and 13, 509 bacteria at 37°/m3 air at the third floor. In the second and fourth floors, in the evening, the level of bacteria in air were equal to 10, 917 bacteria at 37°/m3 air and 10, 352 bacteria at 37°/m3 air. In the first floor, in the evening, levels of bacterial contamination equal to 9, 259 bacteria at 37°/m3 air were registered. The levels of air contamination were the lowest in the first floor (Fig. 13). Figure 14. Total number of staphylococci/m3 air—average values. The contamination of air, in the case of the supermarket with a ground floor and other four floors, with staphylococci was high in the evening. The highest levels were registered in the third floor with a contamination burden equal to 10, 801/m3 air, followed by the ground floor with 10, 397/m3 air, the second floor with 8, 706/m3 air, the fourth floor with 7, 760/m3 air, and the first floor with 7, 316/m3 air. It can be seen that the levels of air contamination were the lowest in the first floor (Fig. 14). Hemolytic staphylococci/m3 air and S. aureus/m3 air were identified in the same amount in the evening at al floors. α Hemolytic streptococci/m3 air were identified in the highest levels in the evening at the ground floor. In the evening, at the other floors, the levels were almost equal. β Hemolytic streptococci/m3 air were identified at the ground floor only. In a shop with only a ground floor, the levels of bacteriological contamination are presented in Table 2.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: Cancer BiologyOncologyHead & Neck SurgeryPACoral cancerapoptosisautophagyoxidative stressSignaling pathwaysFiguresFigure 1Figure 2Figure 3Figure 4Figure 5Figure 6Figure 7Figure 8Figure 9Figure 10cancer is commonly known as one of the head and neck cancers. It is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide 1. According to the Society in 2019, approximately 5,300 people will be diagnosed with oral cavity cancer, which 3,700 cases concerned men and 1,600 are women. This cancer will cause death of 1,450 Canadians, which 1,050 are men and 450 women 2. Oral cancer is critical, because the patient may not notice it in its first stages, as it can frequently thrive without generating pain or symptoms, and generally, it produces primary tumors. This means that patients, who survive a first encounter with the disease, have up to 20 times higher risk of developing a second cancer3. Largely, those who have been suffering from buccal mucosa cancer for 5 years have about a 50 percent life expectancy or mortality rate4). Treating oral cancer conventionally is highly dependent on surgery assisted with or without chemotherapy and radiotherapy. For destroying malignant cells, chemicals are used more extensively as a systemic treatment 5. The panel of anti- cancer drugs includes mainly 5-fluorouracil, hydroxyurea, platinum derivatives, anthracyclines, plant alkaloids6. The most common chemotherapy medicines consists of cisplatin 7. Despite its survival benefits as an anticancer drug, it has side effects, especially the chemoresistance that is limiting patients in clinical effectiveness 7. This knowledge has inspired the use of herbal medicinal products as complementary and/or alternative therapies to a direct remedy, thus the recognition of plant products as effective and inexpensive sources of novel synthetic chemotherapeutic compounds is increasing. For decades, in some countries such as China, India, and Egypt, traditional medicine has been making use of flavored herbs in its home-based therapies for many diseases, including cancer. Nowadays, it is becoming more widely acceptable to consider herbal remedies as helpful supplements to medical prescriptions 8; 9 10. Curcumin, a yellow shade from Curcuma longa Linn. , is a significant part of turmeric and is normally used as a flavor and nourishment shading material11).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some immersive soundscapes are designed to simulate natural environments, like forests or oceans. [SEP] Text: We also evaluated whether the participants were able to immerse themselves in the soundscapes on a 5-point scale from 1 (no immersion) to 5 (full acoustic immersion) (M = 3. 94, SD = 0. 66). Three participants totally agreed to have felt immersed into another world (P2, P6, P11), nine agreed and only four were neutral (P4, P8, P10, P13). Here we conclude that footstep augmentation contributes to immersing into audio-augmented realities. Commonly used questionnaires that measure immersion or presence [102] were not applied, as augmented soundscapes fully preserve all visual stimuli of reality and thus several items on standard questionnaires do not apply [64]. Furthermore, the urban environment in the in-situ study presented an uncontrolled setting, leading to confounds when trying to measure immersion. We found that the participants combined external visual impressions and even wind sounds and their tactile and haptic perception into a unified experience. Therefore, we felt that interviews would be a more appropriate method to assess personal experiences of augmented soundscapes in public places [18]. By telling the participants that they will hear an auditory story, they were easily able to make up story lines by themselves. Examples of stories they imagined were: a walk in Japan, being on a vacation, stranding on an lonely island, or even going back to their childhood. The auditory soundscape inspired the imagination of fictional stories or the evocation of memories, whereby the sounds of footsteps influence the imagination. Interestingly, none of our participants talked about a story in the third person. They were always referring to themselves as the main actor in the story, which suggests at least some degree of immersion into the played soundscapes. Mostly the participants imagined being surrounded by a natural environment without other people, which indicates that the participants mentally blocked out the crowded urban environment. Man-made warning sounds, like the bicycle bell and the ship horn, were perceived as surprising and could not be woven into their stories. Instead, those sounds brought the participants out of the story to focus more on the surrounding traffic. The woodpecker signal sound was a better fit for the soundscape, but it may lead to important warning signals being ignored. Hence, it seems more suitable for signalling a change of direction in a navigation task rather than as a warning sound.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: Average values Total number of bacteria at 37°/m3 air Total number of staphylococci/m3 air Hemolytic staphylococci/m3 air Staphylococcus aureus/m3 air α Hemolytic streptococci/m3 air β Hemolytic streptococci/m3 air Ground floor M 2, 398. 16 1, 323. 2 78 47. 3 86. 5 0 E 3, 107. 5 2, 217. 85 90. 08 164. 76 75. 65 0 Table 2. Levels of bacteriological air contamination in a shop with only a ground floor in (M = morning, E = evening)Figure 15. Levels of bacteriological contamination of air in shop with only a ground floor. In the shop with only a ground floor, the levels of air contamination registered higher values in the evening than in the morning measurements for mesophilic bacteria, total number of staphylococci, hemolytic staphylococci, S. aureus, and α hemolytic streptococci (Fig. 15). Advertisement 8. DiscussionsIn the investigated houses, the highest value for air contamination with germs, at 37°C, was found in one of the apartments with one room (apartment B). Regarding the time of the day, the highest level of bacteriological contamination was found in the evening, in the one room apartment—apartment B. Taking into account the time of the year, the indoor air contaminations were higher in the fall and winter, especially in the one room apartment—apartment B. Considering the smoking habit of the inhabitants, apartments with one and two rooms had a higher bacteriological contamination of air where there were smokers present. Considering the type of the apartments, in apartments with more than one room, bacteriological contamination is at the highest level in the apartment with two linked rooms. The ratio between staphylococci/germs at 37°C is around 40% in the kitchen and over 50% in the living rooms.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: Furthermore, it was established that PAC is also repressing NF-kB and its downstream effectors cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) as well as JAK2/STAT3, AKT/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) and MEK/ERK (mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase) signaling pathways 23 21; 24. It was demonstrated that PAC is a potent inhibitor of these pathways and has better solubility and biodistribution than curcumin 25. Until today, no study was available to investigate its properties to possibly treat oral cancer. This research is aiming at studying the inhibitory effects of the curcumin analog PAC on oral cell proliferation and apoptosis, as well as investingating the signaling pathways involved in the interactions of PAC with oral cancer cells. 5-Bis (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-N-methyl-4-piperidone (PAC) was obtained from Dr. Ibrahim Al-Jammaz’s laboratory (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia). Ca9-22 cell line was purchased from (Tsukuba-shi, Japan). However, primary human gingival epithelial cells (GEC) and primary gingival fibroblasts (GF), were isolated from healthy human gingival tissues as we previously reported. committee of approved the use of primary human gingival cells. The gingival cells were extracted after the donor consent. RPMI-1640, F12, DMEH cell culture media, fetal calf serum (FCS), fetal bovine serum (FBS) and have been bought from Scientific (). Penicillin-Streptomycin, MTT and LDH colorimetric assays, EDTA solution, Caspases detection kit (FITC-VAD-FMK) and β-actin antibody (A5441) were all from Sigma-Aldrich (Oakville, Ontario, Canada). with propidium iodide was obtained from BD Biosciences (Mississauga, ON, Canada). (Red), Species (ROS) (GSH) Assay were purchased from Immuno(Burlington, ON, Canada).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some immersive soundscapes are designed to simulate natural environments, like forests or oceans. [SEP] Text: The binary fashion of the footstep feedback during the navigation task (standard sound when on the right track, wood sound when on the wrong track) was found to be sufficient to signal wrong walking directions. Although this simple navigation feedback was perceived as easy and intuitively understandable, it does not provide sufficiently strong cues to replace spatial audio navigation methods in terms of efficiency [1], [41]. Thus, it should rather be used to deliver a stop signal, e. g. at a red traffic light, or to indicate when walking in the wrong direction. In terms of walking meditation, an audio augmented reality using footstep feedback can offer a new dimension of meditation. Individuals reported feeling more focused on their own steps and breath with footstep feedback. In addition, an AAR should not be considered as a replacement for walking meditation in urban soundscapes but as one potential element of a meditation method [40]. Further research is required to compare the effect of our approach on walking meditation and the effect of AAR without augmented footstep sounds. In comparison to McGill et al. [64], our research confirms some of their results. Auditory displays can weave into the overall perceived environment. However, the visual influences and footstep sounds have an additional impact on how real an audio augmented reality is perceived. Embedded warning sounds can restore a certain perceived sense of safety with ANC headphones to make the user aware of their surroundings. Likewise, footstep sounds can be used to intuitively, instantly and partly unconsciously convey simple cues. This makes footstep sounds suitable to not overload an auditory display. However, our results show that these sounds require a short period of familiarization to be perceived as part of the overall reality. In addition, the footstep volume needs to be adjusted below the background soundscape volume to provide a more realistic experience, and faster step feedback should be avoided as it was perceived as stressful. 8 paper presented the results of an online survey and a subsequent in-situ field study on augmenting footstep sounds in audio-augmented realities. The field study took place in an urban environment. The soundscapes (Forest, Beach, and Mountain) and footstep sounds (Leaves, Sand, and Gravel) that received the highest ratings in the online survey were investigated in detail regarding their effects on the experience of pedestrians on a sidewalk.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: In a previous study [44], the levels of bacteriological and fungal pollution of indoor air were as follows:In summer, the maximum levels of bacteria were equal to 57, 500 CFU/m3 in the kitchen and bathroom and 32, 500 CFU/m3 in the living room with average values between 6, 090 and 13, 241 CFU/m3. In winter, the maximum levels of bacteria were equal to 12, 600 CFU/m3 in the kitchen, 50, 400 CFU/m3 in the bathroom, and 6, 300 CFU/m3 in the living room with average values between 2, 406 and 7, 903 CFU/m3. The highest levels of staphylococci in air were, in the summer, between 26, 125 CFU/m3 in the living room and 55, 000 CFU/m3 in the bathroom with average values between 4, 308 CFU/m3 and 7, 200 CFU/m3. In winter, the maximum values were between 10, 250 CFU/m3 in the kitchen and 55, 000 CFU/m3 in the bathroom, with the average values between 3, 219 and 6, 421 CFU/m3. The air pollution with fungi was visualized as a layer on the Petri dish in the kitchen and bathroom, and in the living room the maximum level registered was equal to 1, 820 CFU/m3. The fungi species identified were the same like in the present study. Another study performed in in Poland [45] had the following results:The levels of air contamination with bacteria were between 7 and 3, 313 CFU/m3 as the background and between 53 and 5, 673 CFU/m3 air at different sample site. The amount of bacteria found in the outdoor air ranged from 10 to 310 CFU/m3. The air pollution with fungi ranged between 0 and 893 CFU/m3 in the morning and 0 and 1, 373 CFU/m3 in the afternoon. The outdoor fungal background ranged between 217 and 3, 750 CFU/m3. Another study that investigated the levels of biological contamination of indoor air in eight libraries of the in [46] had the following results:The levels of bacteria were between 367 and 2, 595 CFU/m3 with an average value equal to 1, 476.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: Blue G-250 Dye has been bought from Bio-Rad (Mississauga, ON, Canada), while PVDF membranes were from Cytiva (Vancouver, BC, Canada). The following antibodies, among which p53 (sc-263), cyclin D1 (sc-8396), p21 (sc-6246), Bcl-2 (sc-509), Bax (sc-7480), PARP-1 (sc-8007), caspase-3 (sc-56046), caspase-9 (sc-17784), NF-kB (sc-8008) and β-catenin (sc-59737) were all obtained from Biotechnology (). Anti-vimentin antibody (Ab8978) from Abcam () as well as others to cleaved caspase-3 (9664S), cleaved caspase-9 (20750S), cleaved PARP-1 (5625S), cytochrome C (11940S), E-cadherin (8834), pERK1/2 (4370), ERK1/2 (4695), pp38 MAPK (4631), p38 MAPK (9212), p-SAPK/JNK (4668P), SAPK/JNK (9252S), LC3B (2775) and SQSTM1/p62 (39749) were all from Technology (). The goat anti-mouse (554002) and anti-rabbit (554021) secondary and have been bought from BD Pharmingen (Mississauga, ON, Canada). and PAC Stimulation Ca9-22 cells and GEC were sub-cultured respectively in RPMI-1640, F12 or DMEM media supplemented with 5% (v/v) FBS for Ca9-22 and 10% for GEC, 100 units/mL penicillin, and 100 µg/mL streptomycin in T75 flasks 26; 27. All cells were maintained in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 at 37 °C. All experiments conducted with GEC were at passages 3 to 4, and GF at passages 4 to 5. PAC was used at (0, 1, 2.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some immersive soundscapes are designed to simulate natural environments, like forests or oceans. [SEP] Text: -19 PreprintsProtocolsVideosJournalsTools & a 10. 21203/rs. 3. rs-3791470/v1This work is licensed under a CC BY 4. 0 LicenseStatus:Published29 Jul, 2024Read the published version in →Version 1posted 10You are reading this latest preprint versionAbstractMost of the current soundscape research content is limited to the discussion of the restoration effect of single-element soundscapes, but it is the combination of sounds that is common in outdoor activities, and there is no evidence that the restoration of natural soundscapes is better with multi-element combinations. In this study, the in China was used as the research object, and the physiological indices of the subjects were collected through EEG signals, and the POMS short-form psychological scale was used to understand the subjective psychological responses of the subjects to the soundscape. The results showed that (1) The psychophysiological restorative ability of the natural soundscape of the Park was confirmed, and the subjects' psychological and physiological indices changed significantly and positively after listening to each section of the natural soundscape (p = 0. 001). (2) The restorative effect of the multi-natural sound combination was ranked first in the overall ranking of the five natural soundscapes, and the multi-natural sound combination did indeed provide better restorative effects than the single-element sounds. (3) Gender does not usually have a significant effect on the restoration effect, and only among the four single-element nature sound landscapes and one multi-element combination of nature sound landscapes showed a significant gender difference, so in general, the effect of gender on the restoration effect of nature sound landscapes is not significant. In terms of research methodology, this study used cluster analysis to cluster the five types of natural soundscapes according to psychological and physiological recovery ability, and used ridge regression to construct mathematical models of the psychological and physiological recovery of each of the four natural soundscapes. The study of human physiological and psychological recovery from different types of natural soundscapes in China's national forest parks will provide a basis for soundscape planning, design, and policy formulation in national forest parks.

Output: corroborate