Input: Claim: Willow bark has been used historically for pain relief due to its salicylic acid content. [SEP] Text: Bar graphs showing the dynamic (E) and stable (F) Lifeact-EGFP fractions in robo2+/+ vs robo2-/- neurohypophyseal synapses (*p<0. 05 Student’s t-test; with Cohen’s d = 0. 67). Error bars indicate SEM in (D–F). Figure 4—source data 1 Experimental data for Figure 4: Actin dynamics in neurohypophyseal synapses. The excel sheet includes values for FRAP data of neurohypophyseal synaptic Lifeact-EGFP in robo2 +/+ vs robo2 -/- larvae. The full-scale normalized values, dynamic and stable fraction generated from Easy-Frap software are shown. Download elife-45650-fig4-data1-v3. xlsx Figure 5 Download asset Open asset Slit3-Robo2 signaling regulates synaptic OXT levels. (A–E) Assessment of synaptic oxytocin content in robo2 mutant was performed as described in Figure 1F. Graph showing the number and size of neurohypophyseal synapses (NS) (A,B) and colocalizing OXT puncta (C,D) and the number of neurohypophyseal projecting axons (E) in 8 days post-fertilization (dpf) robo2+/+ (n = 13) vs robo2-/- (n = 17) larvae (*p<0. 05 Student’s t-test with Cohen's d = 0. 82; ns denotes not significant). (F–J) Assessment of synaptic oxytocin content upon slit3 knock-down. Transgenic (oxt:EGFP) embryos were injected with injection buffer or injection buffer with 0. 85 ng of morpholino targeted to the translational start site of slit3. Graph showing the number and size of NS (F,G) and colocalizing OXT puncta (H,I) and the number of neurohypophyseal projecting axons (J) in 8 days post-fertilization (dpf) control (n = 15) vs slit3 morpholino injected (n = 14) larvae (**p<0. 05 with Cohen’s d = 1. 23; ns denotes not significant, Student’s t-test).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: 1 V/s, indicating rapid charging/discharging with a low equivalent series resistance in the electrodes. Figure 9(c) displays the electrochemical impedance spectrum of the reduced-GH electrodes. The impedance measurements were carried out at a DC bias of 0 V over a frequency range of 100 kHz to 1 mHz. The impedance curve in Fig. 9(c) is a straight line, indicating ideal capacitive behavior in the device. The intercept of the Nyquist curve with the x axis is about 3. 5 Ω, demonstrating the good conductivity of the electrolyte and the very low internal resistance of the electrode. The intrinsic capacitance of single layer graphene is 21 μF/cm219, which is equivalent to 550 F/g. Previous research has focused on achieving high gravimetric capacitance in graphene and graphene-related materials through the use of porous materials with small densities to achieve supercapacitors with large gravimetric capacitances. However, the porosity of carbonaceous materials (such as graphene foam and graphene hydrogel) negatively impacts the volumetric capacitance of supercapacitors due to low densities (0. 01–0. 03 g/cm3)20,21,22,23, which is the greatest barrier to commercialization of supercapacitors requiring large volumetric capacitance for compact energy storage systems. However, the GH electrodes show not only high gravimetric as well as volumetric capacitances, which pave the commercialization path of supercapacitors. DiscussionWe investigated the structure of GH to assess its suitability for use in graphene-based applications. We determined that GH has a layered structure and that, after reduction under high-vacuum and high-temperature conditions, many large pores between the layers developed, leading to high surface area. To utilize this high surface area, electrodes for supercapacitors were manufactured from reduced GH. The layered structure of the reduced GH provided a large volumetric capacitance of 71. 4 F/cm3, as well as a large gravimetric capacitance of 210. 1 F/g. Thus, the material investigated here can be used not only for energy storage systems demanding high volumetric capacitance but also accelerate the development of new electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) materials for supercapacitors with high volumetric capacitance. MaterialsGO samples were prepared by the Brodie process13.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Ocean acidification only affects animals with hard shells, and fish are immune. [SEP] Text: Haliea) affected organisms were detected. While OTUs closely associated to the gammaproteobacterial, Pseudoalteromonas were not detected, organisms within the gammaproteobacteria were amongst the most commonly associated with changes in pH, with 21 representatives from the (were Pseudoalteromonas belongs), including 17 organisms negatively responsive to a decrease in pH. These low pH sensitive organisms (Spearmans correlation to pH > 0. 72) included members of the genera 60(NOR5) clade, and several uncultured groups. Overall, this represents a gradual shift in the biofilm from a primary producer dominated community (e. g. Cyanobacteria and diatoms [Cylindrotheca]) to a heterotrophic (e. g. Methylotenera and Roseobacter OCS116 clade) dominated one, and is consistent with the observed decrease in biomass and pigments of primary producers (see Fig. 2). Experiment 2: Settlement assays on biofilms developed under pH treatmenthystrix settlement success ranged from 0. 8% on clean control slides, up to 29% observed on 60-day old biofilms raised in pH 7. 8 (Fig. 5). On 23-day old biofilm, a two-way ANOVA indicated a significant difference in settlement rate among pH treatments (F(3, 31) = 8. 838, p < 0. 001). A Tukey’s Post hoc test indicated settlement was significantly greater on the ambient and pH 7. 8 biofilms than on the control slides, but the difference was not significant among the pH treated biofilms, or between pH 7. 4 and the control slides. This difference was consistent at both 24 and 48 h during the settlement assay. Figure 5Settlement success of the model invertebrate (tubeworm) Galeolaria hystrix on biofilms grown at different pH. (a) The proportion of competent larvae settled 24 h and 48 h after being offered 23-day old biofilms developed under pHNIST 7. 4, 7. 8 and 8. 1. (b) The proportion of competent larvae settled 24 h and 48 h after being offered 60-day old biofilms developed under pHNIST 7. 4, 7. 8 and 8. 1.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Willow bark has been used historically for pain relief due to its salicylic acid content. [SEP] Text: (K) Hypophyseal POMC cells are localized near OXT synapses. Confocal Z-stacks maximum intensity projection of hypophysis region of 5 day old triple transgenic (pomc:EGFP; oxt:Gal4; UAS:NTR-mCherry). The hypophysis area showing OXT NS adjacent to anterior and posterior clusters of POMC cells are shown. Scale: 10 μM. (L–R) Local overexpression in mosaic hypophyseal POMC clones located. Transgenic embryos expressing the pomc:Gal4 driver were injected with transposon-based transgenic vectors containing either control UAS:tRFP (M,P) or UAS: Slit3-EmGFP (N,Q). The injected 5-dpf larvae were subjected to immunostaining with anti-OXT protein and anti-GFP. OXT-puncta (arrows) within a distance of 2 μM (yellow dashed ellipse) from the clone surface were quantified. Scale bar: 2 µm. Bar graphs showing the mean volume of OXT puncta upon expression of tRFP vs Slit3 in hypophyseal POMC anterior (n = 15 and 18, respectively) or posterior clone (n = 10 and 10, respectively) position (*p<0. 05 Student’s t-test with Cohen’s d = 1. 14). Error bars indicate SEM in (A-J, O and R). Figure 5—source data 1 Experimental data for Figure 5: Neurohypophyseal synaptic parameters upon gain- or loss-of function of slit3 or robo2. The excel sheet includes values for number and volume of neurohypophyseal synapses and OXT puncta from confocal imaging of larval neurohypophysis of multiple experiments namely: 1) robo2 +/+ vs robo2 -/- 2) Mock vs morpholino-injected embryos 3) Mosaic transgenesis experiments by hypophyseal expression of tRFP vs slit3. Download elife-45650-fig5-data1-v3. xlsx Figure 6 with 2 supplements Download asset Open asset Robo2 regulates synaptic OXT dynamics.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Prospects and Challenges of Graphene-to the statement made by IUPAC (of Pure and Applied Chemistry), graphene is distinguished as a carbon monolayer of the graphite structure. It can be described by analogy to a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon of quasi-infinite size. Over the past few years, graphene-based materials have gained immense attraction as next-generation material inherited with its better mechanical characteristics, excellent electrical conductivity and better thermal conductivity as contrasted with other similar materials. In the subsequent section, the new aspects of next-generation of supercapacitors with modified graphene materials including metal oxide/graphene composites, activated graphene, reduced graphene, doped graphene, and polymer/graphene composites will be reviewed and discussed. Moreover, advantages and drawbacks of these resultant composite materials applied in supercapacitor application are summarized in this 10. 21741/9781644900550-9 Part of the book on Graphene as Material for Supercapacitors 3852. [2] Q. Ke, J. Wang, Graphene-based materials for supercapacitor electrodes–A review, J. Materiomics 2 (2016) 37–54. [3] M. Gocyla, M. Pisarek, M. Holdynski, M. Opallo, Electrochemical detection of graphene oxide, Electrochem. Commun. 96 (2018) 77-82. [4] M. Ye, Z. Zhang, Y. Zhao, L. Qu, Graphene platforms for smart energy generation and storage, Joule 2 (2018) 245–268. [5] H. Zhang, H. Guo, A. Li, X. Chang, S. Liu, D. Liu, Y. Wang, F. Zhang, H. Yuan, High specific surface area porous graphene grids carbon as anode materials for sodium ion batteries, J. Energy Chem. 31 (2019) 159-166. [6] J. . tuning of graphene-oxide-based-graphene to various end-uses, Mater. 14 (2018) 8–21. [7] C. (John) Zhang, V. Nicolosi, Graphene and MXene-based transparent conductive electrodes and supercapacitors, Mater. 16 (2019) 102–125.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Ocean acidification only affects animals with hard shells, and fish are immune. [SEP] Text: , mesocoms experiment vs natural pCO2 gradient). Nevertheless, the confirmation of Nitrospiraea and Actinobacteria changes suggests a key role of these organisms in the light of the responses of biofilm microbial communities to OA. It is important to acknowledge that while certain taxa decreased, others had positive responses to changes in pH, including several groups from within the proteobacteria (e. g. Methylotenera, Sulfitobacter and unclassified alphaproteobacteria from the OCS116 cluster). Further studies are needed to confirm which key members of microbial biofilm communities are likely to have consistent responses to climate change pressures such as OA, and this would include examining multiple stressors simultaneously (e. g. pH, temperature, etc. ). For example, it has been shown that in planktonic microbial communities the combination of OA and temperature39, or OA and eutrophication40 can select for specific members of the microbial communities which might differ from OA alone. Experiment 2: Biofilm modification and larval settlementIn the second experiment, settlement of Galeolaria was significantly different on glass slides that had been developed under the three pH treatments. The most likely cause of this pattern is a change in settlement cues associated with biofilms that had modified physical or biological/chemical characteristics. A loss of microorganisms known to trigger settlement21,23, as well as the reduction in other factors (e. g. carotenoids) known to enhance settlement24 suggest that OA scenarios, especially conditions such as acidification to pH 7. 4, could lead to regime shifts that can alter key ecosystems processes such as recruitment and their services41. While it is clear that microbes contribute to chemotaxis and settlement success21,23, and that acidification can influence invertebrate settlement15,16,17,18, a definitive link between these two processes remains unresolved. Microbial biofilms are likely critical for settlement induction in marine species42,43,44, and changes in biofilm composition, such as those related to age21,45,46 or pH16, can affect settlement rates in marine invertebrates. For example, Webster et al. 16 reported decreases in dominant microbial populations (Alphaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes) and emergence of Proteobacteria as a result of lower seawater pH.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Willow bark has been used historically for pain relief due to its salicylic acid content. [SEP] Text: (A) Schematic of novel transgenic OXT tool Tg(oxt:OXT-SP-EGFP-OXT), in which oxt promoter drives expression of Oxytocin precursor protein with an internally-tagged EGFP at the C-terminus of the signal peptide. (B) Validation of OXT-fusion EGFP protein expression by Western blot analysis. Pituitary protein extracts from adult Tg(oxt:OXT-SP-EGFP-OXT), TL (control) and Tg(oxt:EGFP) zebrafish were immunoblotted using anti-GFP. (C) Validation of OXT-fusion EGFP protein expression by immunohistochemistry. Confocal Z-stack images of the neurohypophyseal area of 5-dpf transgenic Tg(oxt:OXT-SP-EGFP-OXT) larvae. Larvae were stained using anti-GFP, anti-OXT and anti-neurophysin antibodies. Scale bar: 5 µm. (D–E) Assessment of endogenous vs OXT-fusion EGFP protein localization and packaging by super-resolution microscopy. -stack images of the endogenous synaptic OXT (D) in comparison to OXT-EGFP fusion in transgenic Tg(oxt:OXT-SP-EGFP-OXT) larvae (E). five dpf larvae were stained with either anti-OXT (D) or anti-GFP (E) antibodies and visualized by STORM as described in the Method section. The right panels D’ and E’ show magnifications of the represented areas outlined in D) and E) Scale bars: 1 µm. Color code indicates Z-axis depth. (F) Spatial relationship between F-actin and OXT-fusion EGFP neuropeptide in hypophysis. Tg(oxt:OXT-SP-EGFP-OXT) embryos expressing the OXT-fusion were injected with transposon-based transgenic vectors Tg(oxt:Gal4) and Tg(UAS:mCherry-Utrophin-CH) expression cassettes. Confocal Z-stack images of the neurohypophyseal area of 5-dpf transgenic larvae (F).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: [8] H. G. Kang, J. exfoliation and activation of graphite into porous graphene using microwaves for high–performance supercapacitors, J. Alloys Compd. 770 (2019) 458–465. [9] S. Sheng, W. Liu, K. Zhu, K. Cheng, K. Ye, G. Wang, D. Cao, J. Yan, Fe3O4 nanospheres in situ decorated graphene as high-performance anode for asymmetric supercapacitor with impressive energy density, J. Sci. 536 (2019) 235–244. [10] capacitive characteristics of activated carbons—comparisons of the activation methods on the pore structure and effects of the pore structure and electrolyte on the capacitive performance, J. 159 (2006) 1532–1542. [11] Y. Li, M. van Zijll, S. Chiang, N. Pan, KOH modified graphene nanosheets for supercapacitor electrodes, J. 196 (2011) 6003–6006. [12] -doped graphene for high-performance ultracapacitors and the importance of nitrogen-doped sites at basal planes, Nano Lett. 11 (2011) 2472–2477. [13] X. Zhao, A. Wang, J. Yan, G. Sun, L. Sun, T. Zhang, Synthesis and electrochemical performance of heteroatom-incorporated ordered mesoporous carbons, Chem. Mater. 22 (2010) 5463–5473. [14] X. Zhao, Q. Zhang, C. M. Chen, B. Zhang, S. Reiche, A. Wang, T. Zhang, R. Schlögl, D. Sheng Su, Aromatic sulfide, sulfoxide, and sulfone mediated mesoporous carbon monolith for use in supercapacitor, 1 (2012) 624–630. [15] S. Shiraishi, M. Kibe, T. Yokoyama, H. Kurihara, N. Patel, A. Oya, Y. Kaburagi, Y.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Ocean acidification only affects animals with hard shells, and fish are immune. [SEP] Text: This coincided with reduced coral larvae settlement, although an explicit mechanism (e. g. altered settlement on CCA is due to changes in the chemical inducer of the algae or altered associated microbes) was not identified. ConclusionsThere is an important caveat when interpreting our findings, namely that biofilm microbial assessments and settlement experiments were carried out on separately reared biofilms. Nevertheless, our results are consistent with prior work and support the hypothesis that alterations in microbial biofilms are directly linked to both changes in settlement and abundance of invertebrate communities. This may represent a model scenario to OA, but further studies are needed to directly provide a mechanism to explain how settlement cues may be influenced. Observed shifts in the settlement of Galeolaria hystrix suggest that changes in community structure for invertebrates were at least in part linked to changes in microbial biofilm composition. This has broader implications as altered settlement and reduction in biofilms could drive important changes in benthic communities’ composition and distribution. Presently, there is limited information on the potential effects of OA on the settlement process20,47. Mostly, it has shown that OA has a negative impact on settlement in marine invertebrates, however these conclusions are based on relatively few taxa, and mostly within the Cnidaria and Echinoderm phyla. In addition, settlement is a complex process that involves larval supply and behaviour, substrate characteristics and early post-settlement growth8,48, and the relative importance of OA-induced changes in each step required further research20. Similarly, settlement characteristics are likely species-species specific, with, for example in the degree of substrate selectivity. The present study provides investigations of the effects of OA on settlement substrates and settlement efficiency, and may provide the basis for future studies across a broader range of taxa. MethodsDetailed methods are provided in the supplementary materials including experimental set up, sea water chemistry, microbial community analyses, larval rearing and statistical analyses. Environmental pH measurementsIn situ seawater pHT was measured using a SeaFET ocean pH sensor () deployed continuously for 42 days from 4 May to 15 June 2015 at 1. 0 m depth, coinciding with our period of Experiment 1. The SeaFET instrument utilizes both an internal and an external reference electrode for pH measurements (i. e.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Willow bark has been used historically for pain relief due to its salicylic acid content. [SEP] Text: Maginification showing the EGFP-positive synapses and Utrophin-labeled mCherry-positive F-actin in the synapse (F’). Scale bars: 1 µm. (G,H) Real-time monitoring of synaptic oxytocin vesicle dynamics in live transgenic reporter Tg(oxt:OXT-SP-EGFP-OXT) larvae. Schemata of the experimental design (G): six dpf larvae were mounted dorsally in low-melt agarose gel, submerged in E3 embryo buffer and imaged using multi-photon microscopy. Neurohypophyseal synapses containing OXT-EGFP vesicles were photobleached and the fluorescence recovery after photo bleaching (FRAP) over time was monitored. The fluorescent recovery occurs due to the dynamic exchange of mobile and unbleached OXT-EGFP vesicles from neighboring en passant synapses over time (t = 1–5 min). The brightness and contrast of the images were increased to visualize the individual pixels (H). Scale bar: 200 nm. (I) Graph showing neuropeptide accumulation (normalized FRAP curves) of OXT-EGFP in neurohypophyseal synapses in 6-dpf robo2+/+ (n = 9 larvae) vs robo2-/- (n = 6 larvae) (***p<2. 76e-05) for genotypeXtime interaction effect in a linear mixed effects model to account for inter-synapse and inter-genotype variability (see Materials and methods). Neuropeptide accumulation represents full scale normalized data to account for differences in synaptic OXT-EGFP fluorescence, that is fluorescent values upon photobleaching were normalized to zero. Error bars indicate SEM. Figure 6—source data 1 Experimental data for Figure 6: OXT-EGFP dynamics in neurohypophyseal synapses. The excel sheet includes values for FRAP data of neurohypophyseal synaptic OXT-EGFP in robo2 +/+ vs robo2 -/- larvae. The full-scale normalized values generated from Easy-Frap software are shown. Download elife-45650-fig6-data1-v3. xlsx Figure 6—figure supplement 1 Download asset Open asset Specificity of antibodies to oxytocin and neurophysin.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Hishiyama, Electric double layer capacitance of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and B-doping effect, Appl. Phys. A 82 (2006) 585–591. [16] X. Zhai, Y. Song, J. Liu, P. Li, M. Zhong, C. Ma, H. Wang, Q. Guo, L. Zhi, In-situ preparation of boron-doped carbons with ordered mesopores and enhanced electrochemical properties in supercapacitors, J. Electrochem. Soc. 159 (2012) E177–E182. [17] T. Tomko, R. Rajagopalan, P. Aksoy, H. C. Foley, Synthesis of boron/nitrogen substituted carbons for aqueous asymmetric capacitors, Electrochim. Acta 56 (2011) 5369–5375. [18] P. N. Vishwakarma, S. V. Subramanyam, Hopping conduction in boron doped amorphous carbon films, J. Appl. Phys. 100 (2006) 113702. [19] H. Konno, T. Ito, M. Ushiro, K. Fushimi, K. Azumi, High capacitance B/C/N composites for capacitor electrodes synthesized by a simple method, J. 195 (2010) 1739–1746. [20] H. Konno, T. Nakahashi, M. Inagaki, T. Sogabe, Nitrogen incorporation into boron-doped graphite and formation of B–N bonding, Carbon 37 (1999) 471–475. [21] D. Zhong, H. Sano, Y. Uchiyama, K. Kobayashi, Effect of low-level boron doping on oxidation behavior of polyimide-derived carbon films, Carbon 38 (2000) 1199–1206. [22] L. R. Radovic, M. Karra, K. Skokova, P. A. Thrower, The role of substitutional boron in carbon oxidation, Carbon 36 (1998) 1841–1854. [23] X. W. and, L. R.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of ocean life will migrate to freshwater habitats to avoid acidification. [SEP] Text: | Molecular mechanisms underlying calcification in coccolithophores. Crossref | GoogleScholar2019. ’ (NIWA: Wellington, New Zealand. ) Port, A. , and Taylor, R. B. (2012). Factors affecting the recovery of soft-sediment mussel reefs in the Firth of Thames, New Zealand. Marine and 63, 78–83. | Factors affecting the recovery of soft-sediment mussel reefs in the Firth of Thames, New Zealand. Crossref | GoogleScholar313. | The vision for a observing system. Crossref | GoogleScholar1682. | Reviews and syntheses: responses of coccolithophores to ocean acidification: a meta-analysis. Crossref | GoogleScholar369. | A hydrodynamic and sediment transport model for the Waipaoa Shelf, New Zealand: sensitivity of fluxes to spatially varying erodibility and model nesting. Crossref | GoogleScholar331. | Photodegradation of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in river waters. Crossref | GoogleScholar1602. | The importance of continental margins in the global carbon cycle. Crossref | GoogleScholar362. | Phytoplankton distributions around derived from SeaWiFS remotely sensed ocean colour data. Crossref | GoogleScholar2184. e4. | Species interactions drive fish biodiversity loss in a high-CO2 world. Crossref | GoogleScholar4403. | Impacts of urban carbon dioxide emissions on sea–air flux and ocean acidification in nearshore waters. Crossref | GoogleScholar143. | Developing an integrated ocean observing system for New Zealand. Crossref | GoogleScholar11. | Assessing seasonal precipitation trends in India using parametric and non-parametric statistical techniques. Crossref | GoogleScholar283. | Snapper (Chrysophrys auratus): a review of life history and key vulnerabilities in New Zealand. Crossref | GoogleScholar347. | Ecosystem-based fishery management. Crossref | GoogleScholar1659. | Using simple dilution models to predict estuarine water quality. Crossref | GoogleScholar1709. | Mussel larvae modify calcifying fluid carbonate chemistry to promote calcification. Crossref | GoogleScholar7172. | Expression of calcification-related ion transporters during blue mussel larval development.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Willow bark has been used historically for pain relief due to its salicylic acid content. [SEP] Text: (A) Schema of protein coded by oxt gene. Antibodies anti-OXT and PS45 were targeted to processed OXT and neurophysin respectively. SP denotes signal peptide, arrow indicates cleavage site. Validation of the EGFP-OXT fusion protein is shown in Figure 3H. (B–F) Confocal Z-stack images showing Fluorescent in situ hybdridization (FISH) of 3 days post-fertilization (dpf) larvae using probes for avp (B) or oxt (C) mRNA (red), followed by PS45 staining. The neurosecretory preoptic (NPO) area in which oxytocin neurons were labeled is shown. Confocal maximum intensity projection (MIP) images showing immunostaining of 5-dpf old transgenic Tg(oxt:EGFP) larvae using antibodies directed against GFP and neurophysin (NP). The whole neurohypophyseal tract (D) and the hypophyseal projections (E) are shown. Scale: 10 μM. Figure 6—video 1 Download asset This video cannot be played in place because your browser does support HTML5 video. You may still download the video for offline viewing. Download as MPEG-4 Download as WebM Download as Ogg Three-dimensional render showing STORM images of endogenous OXT in neurohypophyseal synapses of 5 days post-fertilization (dpf) old zebrafish larvae. Figure 7 with 1 supplement Download asset Open asset Robo2 regulates synaptic OXT levels via Cdc42. (A,B) Assessment of the effect of Oxytocin neuron-specific overexpression of actin-regulating protein Cdc42 in Tg(oxt:Gal4) larvae. Transgenic embryos expressing the oxt:Gal4 driver were injected with transposon-based transgenic vectors containing either control UAS:EGFP or UAS:Cdc42(T17N)-EGFP. Larvae were fixed at 8 days post-fertilization (dpf) and immunostained with anti-GFP and anti-OXT antibodies and neurohypophyseal synapse (NS) were identified as described earlier. Maximum intensity projection (MIP) reveals mosaic labeling of hypophyseal projecting axons (B).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Tian, L. Wang, L. Sun, C. Chen, X. Nong, Y. Qiao, H. Fu, Highly concentrated, stable nitrogen-doped graphene for supercapacitors: Simultaneous doping and reduction, Appl. Surf. Sci. 258 (2012) 3438–3443. [31] Y. J. Kim, Y. Abe, T. Yanagiura, K. C. Park, M. Shimizu, T. Iwazaki, S. Nakagawa, M. Endo, M. S. Dresselhaus, Easy preparation of nitrogen-enriched carbon materials from peptides of silk fibroins and their use to produce a high volumetric energy density in supercapacitors, Carbon 45 (2007) 2116–2125. [32] N. D. Kim, W. Kim, J. B. Joo, S. Oh, P. Kim, Y. Kim, J. Yi, Electrochemical capacitor performance of N-doped mesoporous carbons prepared by ammoxidation, J. 180 (2008) 671–675. [33] T. E. Rufford, D. Hulicova-Jurcakova, Z. Zhu, G. Q. Lu, Nanoporous carbon electrode from waste coffee beans for high performance supercapacitors, Electrochem. Commun. 10 (2008) 1594–1597. [34] S. Liu, D. Lentz, C. C. Tzschucke, Conversion of pyridine N-oxides to tetrazolopyridines, J. Org. Chem. 79 (2014) 3249–3254. [35] T. Liao, C. Sun, A. Du, Z. Sun, D. Hulicova-Jurcakova, S. Smith, Charge carrier exchange at chemically modified graphene edges: A density functional theory study, J. Mater. Chem. 22 (2012) 8321. [36] R. Rajagopalan, A. Balakrishnan, Innovations in engineered porous materials for energy generation and storage applications, CRC Press, 2018. [37] K. N. Wood, R. O’hayre, S.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The majority of ocean life will migrate to freshwater habitats to avoid acidification. [SEP] Text: Expression of nearly half of all genes (44%) correlated significantly with pCO2, suggesting a strong molecular response to OA conditions, contrary to the phenotypic results. There was a general reduction in transcriptional activity and inter-individual variability in OA-reared crab, suggesting that OA reduces the breadth of physiological functions compared to crabs reared in ambient seawater. Functional analysis of downregulated genes indicates that energy production is depressed in OA conditions, which is likely associated with decreases in biosynthesis, the immune system, and myriad metabolic processes. Downregulated lipid and carbohydrate metabolic processes suggest a shift in metabolic strategy to protein catabolism, possibly to reduce CO2 production and facilitate acid/base regulation. The limited energy is shunted towards transcriptional regulation mechanisms, signaling systems, and control of growth. Transposable elements (TEs) in OA-reared crab were highly active, particularly in the most severe OA treatment, and were expressed at consistent levels, suggesting that TEs play a role in the OA-response. In the remainder of this section we describe processes that are suppressed and triggered by OA exposure during development in red king crab, and expand on effects to TE activity. Finally, we discuss differences in gene expression variation observed among treatments, and consider whether there were significant genetic differences among treatment groups that may have contributed to the observed gene expression profiles. Processes that are suppressed in OA-reared crab OA resulted in a widespread downregulation of metabolic processes involved in multiple respiratory pathways, metabolism of a variety of compounds, and protein synthesis machinery (Fig 7). Reduced metabolic activity may be one way that red king crabs mitigate acidosis [87, 88]. Carbon dioxide is produced during respiration, therefore a decrease in metabolic activity reduces internal CO2 production. Decreased mitochondrial activity can also reduce oxidative cellular stress by reducing mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species, which might otherwise increase due to environmental stressors [89–91]. Another outcome of changes in metabolic activity could be a shift in metabolic strategy away from carbohydrate and lipid substrates and towards proteins to improve acid/base regulation [92, 93]. Protein catabolism is less energy efficient, but instead of CO2 it produces ammonia and bicarbonate, which can be used to buffer intracellular pH [94].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Willow bark has been used historically for pain relief due to its salicylic acid content. [SEP] Text: Bottom panel show magnifications of squared areas showing single stack with colocalization of axonal swelling with OXT puncta. Scale bar 1 µm. (C,D) Linear regression analysis comparing between synaptic EGFP levels (mean EGFP puncta) as a function of OXT fluorescence (mean OXT puncta). The data were normalized using mean-centering approach using the scale function in the ‘R’ software. Each line represents a regression line of single animal. The correlation between the mean (log10) fluorescence value of OXT puncta and GFP expression in neurohypophyseal synapse was tested with a linear regression model (), accounting for the effect of GFP fluorescence, and individual fish. Mean EGFP fluorescence is inversely correlated with OXT fluorescence in robo2+/+ (n = 5; p<0. 01, adj. R2 = 0. 93) and in robo2-/- (n = 8; and p<0. 01, adj. R2 = 0. 85) (C). Mean EGFP-Cdc42(T17N) fluorescence positively correlates with OXT fluorescence in robo2+/+ (n = 7; p<0. 01, adj. R2 = 0. 74) larvae but not in in robo2-/- (n = 7; p=0. 35, Adj. R2 = 0. 52) (D). (E) Model of the role of Robo2 in neurohypophyseal synapses: Synaptic Slit3-Robo signaling inactivates Cdc42 via GAP by affecting the transition of the Rho-GTPase protein Cdc42 from GTP- to GDP- bound state. Cdc42 inactivation reduces actin polymerization and increases synaptic OXT content. Figure 7—source data 1 Experimental data for Figure 7: Synaptic fluorescence values upon OXT-neuron specific Cdc42 over-expression. The excel sheet includes values for EGFP- and OXT- fluorescence values of neurohypophyseal synapses in larvae that were subjected to OXT-neuron specific EGFP or Cdc42(T17N) or Cdc42(G12V) expression in robo2 +/+ vs robo2 -/-.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Hu, H. Xue, H. Pang, Hierarchically nanostructured transition metal oxides for supercapacitors, Sci. China Mater. 61 (2018) 185–209. [61] unique strategy for preparing single-phase unitary/binary oxides–graphene composites, Chem. Commun. 46 (2010) 7957. [62] A. K. Mishra, S. Ramaprabhu, Functionalized graphene-based nanocomposites for supercapacitor application, J. Phys. Chem. C. 115 (2011) 14006–14013. [63] W. Shi, J. . Lu, X. Zhang, Y. Sharma, M. Srinivasan, H. Zhang, H. H. Hng, Q. Yan, Achieving high specific charge capacitances in Fe3O4/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites, J. Mater. Chem. 21 (2011) 3422. [64] S. Huang, G. -N. Zhu, C. . Liu, Immobilization of Co–Al layered double hydroxides on graphene oxide nanosheets: Growth mechanism and supercapacitor studies, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 4 (2012) 2242–2249. [65] X. Dong, L. Wang, D. Wang, C. Li, J. Jin, Layer-by-layer engineered Co–Al hydroxide nanosheets/graphene multilayer films as flexible electrode for supercapacitor, Langmuir 28 (2012) 293–298. [66] W. Zhou, J. Liu, T. Chen, K. S. Tan, X. Jia, Z. Luo, C. Cong, H. Yang, C. M. Li, T. Yu, Fabrication of Co3O4-reduced graphene oxide scrolls for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13 (2011) 14462-14465. [67] X. C. Dong, H. -Park, H. Zhang, L. H. Wang, W. Huang, P.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Emerging research suggests a link between gut microbiome composition and mental health conditions, like anxiety and depression. [SEP] Text: Thus, socially isolated individuals tend to have increased levels of inflammation that further exacerbates inflammatory responses to other social stressors [177]. Sickness behavior in patients with chronic inflammatory disorders (e. g. , Allergic disease, pain, and obesity) may lead to hypersensitivity to social stressors (e. g. , isolation and discrimination) increasing their risk for depression [176]. These factors may tart an interdependent uncontrolled cycle where chronic inflammatory conditions → social hypersensitivity → heightened stress responses → increased social withdrawal → increased inflammation → increased depression exacerbation of chronic conditions, and so on. Following this rationale, research could be conducted to determine if anti-inflammatory medications can impact symptoms of depression, for example. In a recent clinical trial, investigators showed a significant benefit of low dose buprenorphine on suicidal ideation; however, the benefit on depression was smaller and not statistically significant. Nevertheless, this is a promising finding for the treatment of depression that warrants further research [178]. mediation analysis assumes both causal and temporal relations, the proposed mediation pathways require further testing with prospective studies on a clinical population with ADz. Only prospective studies can establish the true nature of the association between the network of comorbidities included in this study, and answer with certainty whether the interactions among these factors increase the risk for depression among patients with ADz. Additionally, it is possible that age-related paths and trajectories may modify these relationships. Our study was based on self-reported data and is, hence, susceptible to bias. The characteristics of the study participants, college students, limit the generalizability of our findings. Finally, we did not collect detailed information on current symptoms of ADz, so, we cannot rule out the possibility that our findings might be due to other extraneous variables or chance. want to thank for her help in the preparation of early versions of the manuscript. is currently pursuing a doctoral degree at the of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC. This work was conducted while she was a master student at University. 2008. J Fam Med. 24: 33-8. Link: (1998) Development of depression from preadolescence to young adulthood: emerging gender differences in a 10-year longitudinal study. J Abnorm Psychol. 107: 128-140. Link: Kessler RC (2003) Epidemiology of women and depression. J Affect Disord. 74: 5-13.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Willow bark has been used historically for pain relief due to its salicylic acid content. [SEP] Text: Download elife-45650-fig7-data1-v3. xlsx Figure 7—figure supplement 1 Download asset Open asset Cdc42 regulates synaptic OXT levels. (A) Assessment of the effect of Oxytocin neuron-specific overexpression of actin-regulating protein Cdc42 in Tg(oxt:Gal4) larvae. Transgenic embryos expressing the oxt:Gal4 driver were injected with transposon-based transgenic vectors containing either control UAS:EGFP or UAS:Cdc42(G12V)-EGFP coding a constitutive active mutant Cdc42. Larvae were fixed at 8 days post-fertilization (dpf) and immunostained with anti-GFP and anti-OXT antibodies and neurohypophyseal synapse (NS) were identified as described above. (B,C) Linear regression analysis comparing between synaptic EGFP levels (mean EGFP puncta) as a function of OXT fluorescence (mean OXT puncta). The data were normalized using mean-centering approach using the scale function in the ‘R’ software. Each line represents a regression line of single animal. The correlation between the mean (log10) fluorescence value of OXT puncta and GFP expression in neurohypophyseal synapse was tested with a linear regression model (), accounting for the effect of GFP fluorescence, and individual fish. In UAS:EGFP injection, mean EGFP fluorescence in EGFP-positive NS is not correlated with OXT fluorescence (n = 20; and p>0. 25, adj. R2 = 0. 23) (B). In UAS:Cdc42(G12V) injection, mean EGFP-Cdc42(G12V) fluorescence in EGFP-positive NS negatively correlates with OXT fluorescence (n = 23; p<2. 2e-16, adj. R2 = 0. 47) larvae (C). Legends for Source data and Source code files. resources table Reagent type (species) or resourceDesignationSource or referenceIdentifiersAdditional informationGenetic reagent, TL (D. rerio)Tg(oxt:EGFP)wz01(Blechman et al.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Chen, 3D graphene–cobalt oxide electrode for high-performance supercapacitor and enzymeless glucose detection, ACS Nano 6 (2012) 3206–3213. [68] G. Xu, P. Nie, H. Dou, B. Ding, L. Li, X. Zhang, Exploring metal organic frameworks for energy storage in batteries and supercapacitors, Mater. Today 20 (2017) 191–209. [69] properties of graphene and graphene-based nanocomposites, Prog. Mater. Sci. 90 (2017) 75–127. [70] Q. Xiao, X. Yi, B. Jiang, Z. Qin, J. Hu, Y. Jiang, H. Liu, B. Wang, D. Yi, In-situ synthesis of graphene on surface of copper powder by rotary CVD and its application in fabrication of reinforced Cu-matrix composites, Adv. Mater. Sci. 2 (2017). [71] -Phase MnO2/N-containing graphene composites applied as electrode active materials for flexible asymmetric solid-state supercapacitors, Nanomaterials 8 (2018) 924. [72] J. Wu, Z. Lan, J. Lin, M. Huang, Y. Huang, L. Fan, G. Luo, Y. Lin, Y. Xie, Y. Wei, Counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells, Chem. Soc. Rev. 46 (2017) 5975–6023. [73] Q. Wu, Y. Xu, Z. Yao, A. Liu, G. Shi, Supercapacitors based on flexible graphene/polyaniline nanofiber composite films, ACS Nano 4 (2010) 1963–1970. [74] D. W. Wang, F. Li, J. Zhao, W. Ren, Z. G. Chen, J. Tan, Z. S. Wu, I. of graphene/polyaniline composite paper via in situ anodic electropolymerization for high-performance flexible electrode, ACS Nano 3 (2009) 1745–1752. [75] H. Wang, J. Lin, Z. X.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Emerging research suggests a link between gut microbiome composition and mental health conditions, like anxiety and depression. [SEP] Text: Am. 36: 235-48. (2016) Quality: Results of the GA2LEN Study. Sleep. 40: zsw021-zsw. Link: (2008) Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (ARIA). Allergy. 63: 8-160. Link: Brożek JL, Bousquet J, Baena-Cagnani CE (2010) and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines: 2010 revision. J Immunol. 126: 466-76. Link: Hsu J-W, Huang K-L (2015) Risk of developing major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders among adolescents and adults with atopic dermatitis: a nationwide longitudinal study. J Affect Disord. 178: 60-5. Link: (2014) Sleep duration, sleep hygiene, and insomnia in adolescents with asthma. of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice. 2: 562-9. Link: (2016) Psychosocial factors in severe pediatric asthma. Immunology and Allergy Clinics. 36: 449-60. Link: Su T-P, Chen Y-S (2014) Higher risk of mood disorders among adolescents with ADHD and asthma: A nationwide prospective study. J Affect Disord. 156: 232-5. Link: Asthma, depression, and suicidality: results from the 2007, 2009, and 2011 Behavior Surveys. J Dis. 203: 664-9. Link: Asthma and wheezing are associated with depression and anxiety in adults: an analysis from 54 countries. Pulm Med. 2013: 10. Link: Rhinitis as a risk factor for depressive mood in pre‐adolescents: a new approach to this relationship. Immunol. 25: 360-5. Link: L, Klag MJ (1997) Insomnia in young men and subsequent depression: Study. Epidemiol. 146: 105-14. Link: Jernelöv (2013) Development of atopic disease and disturbed sleep in childhood and adolescence–a longitudinal population‐based study. Allergy. 43: 552-9. Link: Léger D, Annesi-Maesano I, (2006) Allergic rhinitis and its consequences on quality of sleep: an unexplored area. Med.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Willow bark has been used historically for pain relief due to its salicylic acid content. [SEP] Text: , 2011)ZDB-ALT-111103–1Genetic reagent, TL (D. rerio)Tg(oxt:gal4)wz06(Anbalagan et al. , 2018)ZDB-ALT-171113–2Genetic reagent, TL (D. rerio)Tg(oxt:OXTSP-EGFP-OXT)wz14This manuscriptZDB-ALT-181219–3Genetic reagent, TL (D. rerio)Tg(UAS:sypb-EGFP)biu5(Zada et al. , 2014)ZDB-ALT-150115–1(Bar-Ilan Univ. )Genetic reagent, TL (D. rerio)Tg(UAS:Lifeact-GFP)mu271(Helker et al. , 2013)ZDB-ALT-130624–2(Univ. of Muenster)Genetic reagent, TL (D. rerio)Tg(UAS:BotxLCB-GFP)icm21(Sternberg et al. , 2016)ZDB-ALT-160119–9(ICM, Paris)Genetic reagent, TL (D. rerio)Tg(UAS:NTR-mCherry)c264(Davison et al. , 2007)ZDB-ALT-070316–1Genetic reagent, TL (D. rerio)Tg(−1. 0pomca:Gal4-VP16)wz05(Anbalagan et al. , 2018)ZDB-ALT-171113–1Genetic reagent, TL (D. rerio)robo2ti272z(Fricke et al. , 2001)ZDB-ALT-980203–1097(Univ. of Utah)Recombinant DNA reagentTol2 pDEST myl7:mCherry(Golan et al.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Shen, Polyaniline (PANi) based electrode materials for energy storage and conversion, J. Sci. Adv. Mater. Devices 1 (2016) 225–255. [76] B. Ma, X. Zhou, H. Bao, X. Li, G. Wang, Hierarchical composites of sulfonated graphene-supported vertically aligned polyaniline nanorods for high-performance supercapacitors, J. 215 (2012) 36–42. [77] K. . Wu, Graphene/polyaniline nanofiber composites as supercapacitor electrodes, Chem. Mater. 22 (2010) 1392–1401. [78] W. Fan, C. . He, T. Liu, Graphene-wrapped polyaniline hollow spheres as novel hybrid electrode materials for supercapacitor applications, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 5 (2013) 3382–3391. [79] F. Chen, P. Liu, Q. Zhao, Well-defined graphene/polyaniline flake composites for high performance supercapacitors, Electrochim. Acta 76 (2012) 62–68. [80] X. Lu, H. Dou, B. Gao, C. Yuan, S. Yang, L. Hao, L. Shen, X. Zhang, A flexible graphene/multiwalled carbon nanotube film as a high performance electrode material for supercapacitors, Electrochim. Acta 56 (2011) 5115–5121. [81] H. Wang, Q. Hao, X. Yang, L. Lu, X. Wang, Graphene oxide doped polyaniline for supercapacitors, Electrochem. Commun. 11 (2009) 1158–1161. [82] D. Zhang, X. Zhang, Y. Chen, P. Yu, C. Wang, Y. Ma, Enhanced capacitance and rate capability of graphene/polypyrrole composite as electrode material for supercapacitors, J. 196 (2011) 5990–5996. [83] C. Zhu, J. Zhai, D. Wen, S.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Emerging research suggests a link between gut microbiome composition and mental health conditions, like anxiety and depression. [SEP] Text: The mild group presented significantly higher abundance of Alistipes, Muribaculaceae and Lachnospiraceae (p < 0. 001), the moderate group showed a significant increase in Alcaligenes and Pseudorobacter (p < 0. 001) while the severe group had significantly higher relative abundance of and Veillonella (p < 0. 001) (Figure 2C). However, a reduction in the number of detected genera was observed in stool samples as symptom severity increased (Figure 2D). Concretely, mild patients showed more presence of Barnesiella, Muribaculaceae and different members of the Clostridia class (Clostridia, Coprococcus, Dorea, Lachnospiraceae, Roseburia and Ruminococcus) (p < 0. 001). Although moderate ill patients presented different genera, only Streptococcus was significantly increased in this group (p < 0. 001). Remarkably, Anaerococcus, Dialister, Lachnocostridium or Peptoniphilus were more abundant in patients with severe symptoms (p < 0. 001) (Figure 2D). Differences in bacteria abundance could be used as biomarkers to predict disease severity and outcome in SARS-CoV-2 infectionWe investigated if some specific taxa could contribute to the severity of the symptoms. ASVs were evaluated to determine core taxa along with the specific bacteria of each group of patients and samples (Figure 3A,B). In nasopharyngeal swabs, Venn diagram analysis revealed that the three groups of study shared 51 core taxa. 60 specific bacteria were identified in patients with mild symptoms while 32 were seen in patients with moderate symptoms and 8 in patients with severe symptoms. In stool, 159 core taxa were shared by the three groups of patients, being 27 specific for mild patients symptoms, 33 for moderate patients and 27 for severe patients (For more details see Table S1). Figure 3. Differential analysis expression of microbiota composition from nasopharyngeal and stool samples revealed the presence of specific bacteria related to COVID-19 severity index. (A) Venn diagram showing ASVs distribution in nasopharyngeal swab samples. (B) Venn diagram showing ASVs distribution in stool samples.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Willow bark has been used historically for pain relief due to its salicylic acid content. [SEP] Text: , 2016)Berta Levavi-reagentTol2 10xUAS:EGFP; myl7:mCherryThis manuscriptMaterials and methods - Transgenesis experimentsRecombinant DNA reagentTol2 oxt:OXTSP-EGFP-OXT; myl7:EGFPThis manuscriptMaterials andmethods -Transgenesis experimentsRecombinant DNA reagentTol2 UAS:Cdc42-G12V-EGFP(Ando et al. , 2013)(NCVC, Osaka)Recombinant DNA reagentTol2 UAS:Cdc42-T17N-EGFP(Ando et al. , 2013)(NCVC, Osaka)Recombinant DNA reagentTol2 pME mCherry-Utrophin-CH(Andersen et al. , 2011)(Univ. of Wisconsin)Recombinant DNA reagentTol2 10xUAS:mCherry-Utrophin-CH; myl7:mCherryThis manuscriptMaterials and methods - Visualization of synaptic F-actinRecombinant DNA reagentTol2 pME Slit3(SignalPeptide)-EmeraldGFP-Slit3This manuscript(Univ. of Utah)Recombinant DNA reagentTol2 10xUAS: Slit3(SignalPeptide)-EmeraldGFP-Slit3; myl7:mCherryThis manuscriptMaterials and methods -Transgenesis experimentsAntibodyGuinea pig polyclonal, anti-OXTPeninsula labsT-5021; RRID:AB_518526(1:200)AntibodyRabbit polyclonal, anti-11122; RRID:AB_221569(1:200)AntibodyMouse monoclonal, anti-Neurophysin(Ben-Barak et al.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Dong, Graphene oxide/polypyrrole nanocomposites: one-step electrochemical doping, coating and synergistic effect for energy storage, J. Mater. Chem. 22 (2012) 6300-6306. [84] Y. Xu, Y. Wang, J. Liang, Y. Huang, Y. Ma, X. Wan, Y. Chen, A hybrid material of graphene and poly (3,4-ethyldioxythiophene) with high conductivity, flexibility, and transparency, Nano Res. 2 (2009) 343–348. [85] asymmetric supercapacitors consisting of polyaniline nanofibers and graphene nanosheets with proper complementary potential windows, Electrochim. Acta 55 (2010) 6015–6021. [86]. Lee, Y. S. Huh, High performance of a solid-state flexible asymmetric supercapacitor based on graphene films, Nanoscale 4 (2012) 4983-4988. [87] H. Gao, F. Xiao, C. B. Ching, H. Duan, High-performance asymmetric supercapacitor based on graphene hydrogel and nanostructured MnO2, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 4 (2012) 2801–2810.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Emerging research suggests a link between gut microbiome composition and mental health conditions, like anxiety and depression. [SEP] Text: onderdonkii may have protective effects against some diseases, including liver fibrosis, colitis and cardiovascular disease, as well as in cancer immunotherapy, while it may be involved in colorectal cancer development and affective disorders like depression [90]. Moreover, Alistipes is a relatively recent subdivision genus of the Bacteriodota, which is commonly associated with chronic intestinal inflammation [90]. Therefore, taking into account that et al. employed a different methodology to analyse microbiota composition from stool samples [18], A. onderdonkii could be considered as a biomarker of severe condition in SARS-CoV-2 infected subjects. Finally, the implication of a connection between faecal and nasopharyngeal microbiota in COVID-19 patients has been previously proposed [91]. In the present study, and to maximise the potential use of these biomarkers, the relationship of specific bacteria from nasopharyngeal and stool samples was analysed. Concretely, a strong positive correlation between P. timonensis (stool) towards P. dentalis and M. salivarium (nasopharyngeal) was found in severe condition. Accordingly, the ratio of the abundance of these species was also significantly increased within the highest severity of this condition. As a result, the ratio proposed in this study could be used as a novel predictor to identify critically ill COVID-19 patients as the ratio Bacillota and Bacteroidetes has been used as a marker of dysbiosis [92]. In this case, this ratio P. timonensis/P. dentalis and M. Salivarium could be a prognostic tool for severe SARS-CoV-2, and an increase in it could be associated with a higher risk to develop a severe condition. ConclusionThis inter-individual variability between the COVID-19 patients could contribute to the different symptomatology observed. This study has identified a correlation between changes in the nasopharyngeal and stool microbiota with COVID-19 severity. A novel biomarker linked to severity of COVID-19 infection has been described based on changes in the abundance of bacterial species in nasopharyngeal and faecal samples. This knowledge can support the design of novel therapeutic strategies to mitigate adverse outcomes.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Willow bark has been used historically for pain relief due to its salicylic acid content. [SEP] Text: , 1984)PS45; RRID:AB_2062089()AntibodyAlexa 488- or 647- Secondary antibodiesJackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories(1:200) Materials and methods - Immuno-fluorescent stainingAntibodyAlexa 568- or 647- Secondary antibodiesInvitrogen(1:2000) Materials andmethods - Visualization of synaptic F-actinChemical compoundCytochalasin DSigmaC8273400 nMChemical compoundGlucose oxidaseSigmaG21338440 AUChemical compoundCatalaseSigmaC4070200 AUSoftwareR(R Team, 2013)Materials and methods – Statistical analysisSoftwareTurboreg plugin(Thévenaz et al. , 1998)Materials andmethods – Statistical analysis(Rapsomaniki et al. , 2012)Materials andmethods – FRAP analysisSequence-based reagent(Barresi et al. , 2005)ZDB--050927–3Materials andmethods -Transgenesis experiments. slit3 knockdownSequence-based reagentgaatgactcctcgtcgctct and gctgaggcatcttgtctgtaSigmaMaterials andmethods -Animals. robo2 genotypingSequence-based reagentgcatttacaacagctccatcSigmaMaterials andmethods -Animals. robo2 sequencing primerSequence-based reagenttgtacaggcagatgtcaggc and -tcctcctccagtagagccagSigmaMaterials andmethods - In situ hybridization. PCR primers for robo2 probe Additional files Source code 1 R script for data extraction: R script to extract animal-wise neurohypophyseal synaptic parameters from the Volocity software-derived batch output files. The script generates tables with parameters such as animal ID, synapse or puncta ID, volume etc. In this manuscript, the script has been used for all the analysis in which number, synaptic OXT content and fluorescence values has been analyzed (Figures 1–5 and 7). Download elife-45650-code1-v3. r Source code 2 R script for data transformation: R script to log-transform the neurohypophyseal synaptic volume data.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Home 28. 50 Correlation between Synthesis and Properties of Graphene quantity Add to cart Category: 10. 21741/9781644900550-2 Part of the book on Graphene as Material for Supercapacitors 825. [2] M. Winter, R. J. and Supercapacitors? , Chem. Rev. 104 (2004) 4245-4270. [3] L. L. Zhang, X. S. Zhao, Carbon-based materials as supercapacitor electrodes, Chem. Soc. Rev. 38 (2009) 2520-2531. [4] A. Balducci, R. Dugas, P. L. Taberna, P. Simon, D. Plée, M. Mastragostino, S. Passerini, High temperature carbon–carbon supercapacitor using ionic liquid as electrolyte, J. 165 (2007) 922-927. [5] R. R. Rajagopal, L. S. Aravinda, R. Rajarao, B. R. Bhat, V. Sahajwalla, Activated carbon derived from non-metallic printed circuit board waste for supercapacitor application, Electrochim. Acta 211 (2016) 488-498. [6] C. flexible super-capacitive solid-state power supply for miniature implantable medical devices, 15 (2013) 973-983. [7] Q. Ke, J. Wang, Graphene-based materials for supercapacitor electrodes – A review, Journal of Materiomics 2 (2016) 37-54. [8] M. Kaempgen, C. K. Chan, J. Ma, Y. Cui, G. Gruner, Printable thin film supercapacitors using single-walled carbon nanotubes, Nano Lett. 9 (2009) 1872-1876. [9] S. Ruben, Electric condenser, in: U. S. P. Office (Ed. ) USA, 1925. [10] H. Becker, Low voltage electrolytic capacitor: US, 2800616, 1957. [11] P. Simon, Y.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Emerging research suggests a link between gut microbiome composition and mental health conditions, like anxiety and depression. [SEP] Text: 363, p < 0. 0001), and change in HADS anxiety (rs = -0. 264, p = 0. 0002), while controlling for age, BMI, and time in days from pre- to post-treatment assessment. Pain catastrophizing, depression, and anxiety improved as level of function (ADL) improved. Spearman correlation coefficients revealed that pain catastrophizing, HADS anxiety, and HADS depression improved with improvement in the other patient-reported functional outcomes (Table 6). Of the functional outcomes, the Spearman correlation coefficients revealed that improvement in can be interpreted as having a greater magnitude of relative importance in the expected relationship with improvement in PCS Total and HADS Depression/Anxiety. role of psychological factors, like that of pain catastrophizing, anxiety, and depression, in the presentation of orthopedic symptoms and patient-reported pain are becoming more recognized. 1–3, 6, 11, 35 Hampton et al. demonstrated that patients with hip pathology also present with levels of pain catastrophizing, anxiety, and depression. Hip pain and dysfunction may play a significant role in a patient’s psychological well-being. 11 We further confirmed this link between function and psychology; specifically, a link between improved activity of daily living function and improved psychological factors. Our primary aim was to assess the impact functional improvement had on the levels of pain catastrophizing, anxiety, and depression. Hip function was measured in terms of the patients’ subjective assessment of their hips, rather than with performance-based functional metrics. In patients with differing hip pathologies, we found that patients endorsed a greater level of function after treatment, as measured by scores of HOS function and each of the HOOS subcategories. The most improved absolute measurements from pre-to-post treatment include the and subcategories; thus, patients endorsed the most functional improvement in lower stress, day-to-day activities. Additionally, patients endorsed a lower level of average pain following treatment, as measured by the VAS and HOOS pain subcategory. Assessment of the psychological parameters of this study began by establishing the levels of pain catastrophizing, anxiety, and depression present in our patients prior to their onset of treatment. Untreated patients presenting with hip pain were affected by clinically significant levels of each of these factors prior to treatment, regardless of their diagnosis.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Ginseng is known for its potential adaptogenic effects. [SEP] Text: Journal of Pages. 89-98 2008 1226-8453(pISSN) 2093-4947(eISSN) Society of Ginseng (고려인삼학회) -mediated Mechanisms 진세노사이드의 혈관확장작용과 분자기전 Kim, Nak-Doo (University) 김낙두 (서울대학교) Published : 2008. 06. 30 ⟨ ⟩ are increasing evidences in the literatures on the potential role of ginsenosides in treating cardiovascular diseases. In this 10. 1248/yakushi1947. 103. 12_1269 Tamura, Y. , Hirai, A. , Terano, T. , Thara, K. , Saito, J. , Kondo, S. and Samukawa, K. : Anti-thrombotic and anti-atherogenic effects of Ginseng-Effects on platelets and vascular smooth muscle cells-Science. No. 16, 55-60 (1993) Homby, E. J. : Evidence that prostaglandin endoperoxides can induce platelet aggregation in the absence of thromboxane $A_2$ production. Biochem. Pharmacol. 31, 1158-1160 (1982) and Kim, N. D. : Inhibitory effect of Ginsenoside Rg3 on platelet aggregation and its mechanism of action, Korean J. Ginseng Sci. 21, 132-140 (1997) Lee, J. H. and Park, H. J. : Effects of intaking of products on human platelet aggregation and blood lipids, J Ginseng Res. 22, 173-180 (1998) and Zhong, J. J. : Enhancement of fibrinolytic activity of bovine aortic endothelial cells by ginsenoside Rb2. Sin. 24, 102-108 (2003) and Yun, Y. P. :Antithrombotic and antiplatelet activities of ginseng extract. Pharmacol.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Gogotsi, Materials for electrochemical capacitors, Technology: A Collection of Reviews from Nature Journals, World Scientific2010, 329. [12] M. Inagaki, H. Konno, O. Tanaike, Carbon materials for electrochemical capacitors, J. 195 (2010) 7880-7903. [13] S. for electrochemical capacitors: Theoretical and experimental constraints, J. Electrochem. Soc. 143 (1996) 3791-3799. [14]. Jiang, Y. in Carbon Films, Science 306 (2004) 666. [15] A. K. Geim, K. S. Novoselov, The rise of graphene, Nature Mater. 6 (2007) 183. [16] T. J. Booth, P. Blake, R. R. Nair, D. Jiang, E. W. Hill, U. Bangert, A. Bleloch, M. graphene membranes and their extraordinary stiffness, Nano Lett. 8 (2008) 2442-2446. [17] C. Lee, X. Wei, J. W. Kysar, J. Hone, Measurement of the elastic properties and intrinsic strength of monolayer graphene, Science 321 (2008) 385. [18] J. Xia, F. Chen, J. Li, N. Tao, Measurement of the quantum capacitance of graphene, Nat. Nanotechnol. 4 (2009) 505. [19] Q. He, H. G. Sudibya, Z. Yin, S. Wu, H. Li, F. Boey, W. Huang, P. Chen, H. Zhang, Centimeter-Long and Large-scale micropatterns of reduced graphene oxide films: fabrication and sensing applications, ACS Nano 4 (2010) 3201-3208. [20] D. overview of graphene in energy production and storage applications, J. 196 (2011) 4873-4885. [21] M. Pumera, Graphene-based nanomaterials and their electrochemistry, Chem. Soc. Rev. 39 (2010) 4146-4157. [22] X. Huang, X. Qi, F. Boey, H.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Emerging research suggests a link between gut microbiome composition and mental health conditions, like anxiety and depression. [SEP] Text: Patients who originally presented with clinically significant levels of pain catastrophizing, anxiety, and depression demonstrated a decreased severity of these mental health conditions following treatment that improved their hip function. Additionally, our results show the effect that functional improvements have on psychological factors; conversely, it may also be true that improvements in patients’ psychology and mental outlook may contribute to achieving optimal functional improvements for various musculoskeletal and orthopedic conditions. Because of the association between psychological factors and hip function, we believe that mental health factors may represent an important treatment target to consider as part of a multidisciplinary approach toward treatment of orthopedic hip conditions. Abbreviations ADL Activities of of the of the and and of the of approval and consent to participate: IRB approved research study STU 122016-058 at the University of Texas Southwestern, all patients gave written consent to participate. Consent for publication: Availability of data and material: The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due concern for patient privacy but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Competing interests: No financial/non-financial competing interests to report Note DDH = Acetabular Dysplasia. FAI = Femoroacetabular Impingement. LTP = Pain Syndrome. OA = Osteoarthrosis. AVN = of the Hip Funding: JW was awarded the Grant in 2019. The funding body had no role in the design of the study, the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, or the writing of the manuscript. Authors' contributions: JW conceived the idea for this study. He was also a major contributor in writing the manuscript and leading the analysis and interpretation of the impact of functional hip improvement on mental health. PG was the primary author of the manuscript and assisted with study design, data collection, and analysis. PN performed the statistical analysis for the study and wrote the corresponding part of the Methods section. JL and RO assisted with data collection. HR edited the of the manuscript and provided specific insight into the psychology-related aspects of the paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Acknowledgements: n/a Authors' information: Dr. is an assistant professor in the Department of at UT School. He completed residency at the Harvard combined program. He then received advanced training in joint preservation, resurfacing, and reconstructive surgery through a fellowship at in St. Louis.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Ginseng is known for its potential adaptogenic effects. [SEP] Text: Toxicol. 100, 170-175 (2007). and Yun, Y. P. : Effect of on Blood circulation in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J. Ginseng Res. 31, 109-116 (2007) and Park, K. H. : Effect of non-saponin fraction from Panax ginseng on cGMP and thromboxane $A_2$ in human platelet aggregation. J. Ethnopharmacol. 49, 157-62 (1995) Radomski, M. W. , Palmer, R. M. J. and Moncada, S. :An Larginine/nitric oxide pathway present in human platelets regulates aggregation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 5193-5197 (1990) Jayakody, R. L. , Senaratne, M. P. J. , Thomson, A. B. R. and Kappagoda, C. T. : Cholesterol feeding impairs endothelium-dependent relaxation of rabbit aorta. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 63, 1206-1209 (1985) and Kim, N. D. : Dietary ginsenosides improve endothelium-dependent relaxation in the thoracic aorta of hypercholesterolemic rabbit. Gen Pharmacol. 26, 483-487 (1995) Ang-Lee, M. K. , Moss, J. and Yuan, C. S. : Herbal medicines and perioperative care, JAMA 286, 208-216 (2001) Chen, X. , Gillis, C. N. and Moalli, R. : Vascular effects of ginsenosides in viro, Br. J. Pharmac. 82, 485-491 (1984) Furchgott, R. F. and Zawadzki, J. V. : The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine. Nature. 288, 373-376 (1980) Ignarro, L. , and Chaundhuri, G. : Endothelium -derived relaxing factor produced and released from artery and vein is nitric oxide. Proc. Natl.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Zhang, Graphene-based composites, Chem. Soc. Rev. 41 (2012) 666-686. [23] N. Savage, Materials science: Super carbon, Nature 483 (2012) S30. [24] K. S. Kim, Y. Zhao, H. . -scale pattern growth of graphene films for stretchable transparent electrodes, Nature 457 (2009) 706. [25] S. Park, J. -based actuators, Small 6 (2010) 210-212. [26] A. C. H. Tsang, H. Y. H. Kwok, D. Y. C. Leung, The use of graphene based materials for fuel cell, photovoltaics, and supercapacitor electrode materials, Sci. 67 (2017) A1-A14. [27] X. Cai, L. Lai, Z. Shen, J. Lin, Graphene and graphene-based composites as Li-ion battery electrode materials and their application in full cells, J. Mater. Chem. A 5 (2017) 15423-15446. [28] N. Kheirabadi, A. Shafiekhani, Graphene/Li-ion battery, J. Appl. Phys. 112 (2012) 124323. [29] R. S. Dey, H. A. Hjuler, Q. Chi, Approaching the theoretical capacitance of graphene through copper foam integrated three-dimensional graphene networks, J. Mater. Chem. A 3 (2015) 6324-6329. [30] H. Huang, L. Xu, Y. Tang, S. Tang, Y. Du, Facile synthesis of nickel network supported three-dimensional graphene gel as a lightweight and binder-free electrode for high rate performance supercapacitor application, Nanoscale 6 (2014) 2426-2433. [31] T. Kuila, A. K. Mishra, P. advances in the efficient reduction of graphene oxide and its application as energy storage electrode materials, Nanoscale 5 (2013) 52-71. [32] S. . Kleinhammes, Y. Jia, Y.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Emerging research suggests a link between gut microbiome composition and mental health conditions, like anxiety and depression. [SEP] Text: However, the value of this work is held back by unclear methods and data presentation. Strengths: Analysis of microbiomes from two distinct anatomical locations and across three distinct patient groups is a substantial undertaking. How these microbiomes influence and are influenced by COVID-19 disease progression is an important question. In particular, the putative biomarker identified here could be of clinical value with additional research. Weaknesses: The methods and statistics used for several figures and comparisons are unclear or used in non-standard ways. For instance: the description of the Bray-Curtis test for Figure 1 is inaccurate and conflicts between the text and figure legend; the method used to compare the relative abundance of genera in Figure 2 is not clear; and it is not stated how the "total amount" of detected bacteria is inferred from the data presented in Figures 2C and 2D. The description of results for Figure 1 is overstated or unclear for both the alpha diversity among disease groups and the overlap for nasal samples. The most abundant phyla from nasal samples cumulatively account for less than 1% of abundance and it is unclear why this would be expected or how it compares to other work. Relatedly, the potential biological relevance of the very small proportional changes among phyla in the nasal samples is also not clear. There is no real discussion of how the identified biomarkers might work in practice. While some microbes are detected in one condition but not others, it is unclear whether these organisms are expected to already exist below the detection threshold and then increase in abundance along with disease severity, or if they are picked up from the environment. For instance, would the presence of these 'severe' - associated microbes in patients with mild or moderate disease justify additional treatment to prevent disease progression? The authors use the term "nasopharyngeal-faecal axis", but there is no substantial discussion of how these two microbiomes interact to influence disease progression, or how they are jointly affected to yield useful biomarkers. With one exception, correlation values between nasal and fecal microbes range from negligible to modest. It is unclear, then, how much parallel influence disease has on these microbiomes. Response eLife assessment We appreciate the assessment carried out by the editorial team at eLife. Therefore, we plan to review the methods section in order to make the statistical analysis more comprehensible for each of the displayed figures.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Ginseng is known for its potential adaptogenic effects. [SEP] Text: Acad. Sci. USA. 84, 9265-9269 (1987) and Kim, N. D. : Effects of Ginseng on the release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor in thoracic aorta from rats and rabbits, of Society of Korea, University, October 25-26 (1991) Kang, S. Y. and Kim, N. D. : The antihypertensive effect of red ginseng saponin and the endothelium-derived vascular relaxation. Korean J. Ginseng Sci. 16, 175-182 (1992) : Ginsenosides evoke endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in rat aorta. Gen. Pharmac. 25, 1071-1077 (1994) Achike, F. I. and Kwan, C. Y. : Nitric oxide, human diseases and the herbal products that affect the nitric oxide signaling pathway. Clinical Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 30, 605-615 (2003) and Lee, Y. W. : Effect of red ginseng on blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension and white coat hypertension. Am. J. Chin. Med. 26, 199-209 (1998) Sung, J. ,. , Kim, C. H. and Oh, B. H. : Effect of red ginseng upon vascular endothelial function in patients with essential hypertension. Am. J. Chin. Med. 28, 205-216. (2000). and Nam, K. Y. : Effect of Korea red ginseng on the blood pressure in conscious hypertensive rats. Gen. Pharmacol. 35, 135-41 (2000) Vuksan, V. , Stavro, M. , Woo, M. , Leiter, A. , Sung, M. K. and Sievenpiper, L. : ginseng (Panax gingeng) can lower blood pressure in individuals with hypertension: A randomized controlled trial, The 9th on Ginseng: September 10. 1016/j. niox. 2005. 02. 001 Popovich, D. G. and Kitts, D. D. : Generation of ginsenoside Rg3 and Rh2 from ginseng. Phytochemistry. 65, 337-344 (2004) Buetter, C. , and Kaptchuk, T. J.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Shim, Facile synthesis of Fe3O4 nanorod decorated reduced graphene oxide (RGO) for supercapacitor application, RSC Advances 6 (2016) 107057-107064. [61] T. Purkait, G. Singh, D. Kumar, M. Singh, R. S. Dey, High-performance flexible supercapacitors based on electrochemically tailored three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide networks, Sci. Rep. 8 (2018) 640. [62] Chemical route to carbon nanoscrolls, Science 299 (2003) 1361. [63] C. Vallés, C. Drummond, H. Saadaoui, C. A. Furtado, M. He, O. Roubeau, L. Ortolani, M. Monthioux, A. Pénicaud, Solutions of negatively charged graphene sheets and ribbons, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 (2008) 15802-15804. [64] X. Li, G. Zhang, X. Bai, X. Sun, X. Wang, E. Wang, H. Dai, Highly conducting graphene sheets and Langmuir–Blodgett films, Nat. Nanotechnol. 3 (2008) 538. [65] H. Huang, Y. Xia, X. Tao, J. Du, J. Fang, Y. Gan, W. Zhang, Highly efficient electrolytic exfoliation of graphite into graphene sheets based on Li ions intercalation–expansion–microexplosion mechanism, J. Mater. Chem. 22 (2012) 10452-10456. [66] and exfoliation routes to graphite nanoplatelets, J. Mater. Chem. 15 (2005) 974-978. [67] D. Chung, Exfoliation of graphite, J. Mater. Sci. 22 (1987) 4190-4198. [68] T. Wei, Z. Fan, G. Luo, C. Zheng, D. Xie, A rapid and efficient method to prepare exfoliated graphite by microwave irradiation, Carbon 47 (2009) 337-339. [69] S. Malik, A.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Emerging research suggests a link between gut microbiome composition and mental health conditions, like anxiety and depression. [SEP] Text: The relative contribution (eigenvalue) of each axis to the total inertia in the data as well as to the constrained space only, respectively, are indicated in percent at the axis titles. c Beta diversity (PCoA) plot based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrix. The relative contribution (eigenvalue) of each axis to the total inertia in the data is indicated in percent at the axis titles. d Bray-Curtis dissimilarity in Small and Big chickens. The interindividual variation was tested using by pair-wise comparisons of within-group Bray-Curtis dissimilarities. The values can be between 0 and 1, with 0 meaning identical communities and 1 meaning there is no overlap in the communities. Significance was tested using non-parametric Wilcoxon rank sum test. RDA = Redundancy Analysis. PCoA = Analysis. Solid lines indicate mean with SDFull size imageTaxa across all taxonomic ranks were differentially abundant between small and big broilersDifferences between the Big and Small chickens were investigated using a descending taxonomic rank approach, starting from phylum rank for a high level overview, then family, genus and ultimately the MAG level, which is comparable to species level or in some cases even strain level. Testing of the differentially abundant taxa was done by calculating the fold change of log2-transformed relative abundances of Big chickens relative to Small chickens. Six phyla were represented across all samples: Firmicutes, Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota (also known as Bacteroidetes), Verrucomicrobiota, Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria. Firmicutes was the dominating phylum both in Big birds (66 ± 13% SD) and Small birds (58 ± 15% SD; S5). Among all phyla, Verrucomicrobiota (p = 0. 004) and Proteobacteria (p = 0. 03) were more abundant in Small birds (not shown), while no phylum was more abundant in the Big birds. The Firmicutes:Bacteroidota (F/B) ratios were not different between Big and Small (Fig. 3a). Four families were more abundant in Big birds: Lachnospiraceae (p = 0. 046), Acutalibacteraceae (p = 0.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Ginseng is known for its potential adaptogenic effects. [SEP] Text: : Systemic review of the effects of ginseng on cardiovascular risk factors, Ann. Phamacother. 40, 83-95 (2006) Kim, H. , Chen, X. and Gillis, C. N. : Ginsenosides protect pulmonary vascular endothelium against free radicalinduced injury. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 189, 670-676 (1992) and Yang, D. C. : Conversion of major ginsenoside Rb1 to 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 by microbacterium sp. GS514, Phytochemistry 69, 218-224 (2008) Ando, T. , Tanaka, O. and Shibata, S. : Chemical studies on the oriental plant drugs XXV. Comparative studies on the saponin and sapogenins of ginseng and related crude drugs, 25, 28-34 (1971) Kang, S. Y. , Schini-Kirth, V. B. and Kim, N. D. : Ginsenosides of the protopanaxatriol group cause endotheliumdependent relaxation in the rat aorta. 56, 1577-1586 (1995) and Schini-Kerth, V. B. : Ginsenoside Rg3 mediate endothelium-dependent relaxation in response to ginsenosides in rat aorta: role of K+ channels. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 367, 41-49 (1999a) and Park, I. N. : High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of ginseng saponins using evaporative light scattering detection. J. Chromatogr. A. 736, 77-81 (1996) and Park, J. H. : Steaming of Ginseng at high temperature enhances biological activity. J. Nat. Prod. 63, 1702-1704 (2000) and Kim, D. H. : Transformation of ginseng saponins to ginsenoside Rh2 by acids and human intestinal bacteria and biological activities of their transformations. Arch. Pharm. Res. 27, 61-67 (2004) Busse, R. , Fichtner, H. , Luckhoff, A. and Kohlhardt, M.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Home 28. 50 Graphene-Based ZnO Nanocomposites for quantity Add to cart Category: 10. 21741/9781644900550-7 Part of the book on Graphene as Material for Supercapacitors 1999. [2] L. L. Zhang, X. S. Zhao, Carbon-based materials as supercapacitor electrodes, Chem. Soc. Rev. 38 (2009) 2520-2531. [3] P. Simon, Y. Gogotsi, Materials for electrochemical capacitors, Nat. Mater. 7 (2008) 845–854. [4] M. Jayalakshmi, K. Balasubramanian, Simple capacitors to supercapacitors-An overview, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 3 (2008) 1196-1217. [5] R. Kötz, M. Carlen, Principles and applications of electrochemical capacitors, Electrochim. Acta 45 (2000) 2483–2498. [6] Y. Bar-Cohen, Electroactive polymer (EAP) actuators as artificial muscles : reality, potential, and challenges, SPIE Press, 2004. [7] H. Wang, J. T. Robinson, G. Diankov, H. Dai, Nanocrystal growth on graphene with various degrees of oxidation, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 (2010) 3270–3271. [8] J. Yan, Q. Wang, T. Wei, Z. Fan, Recent advances in design and fabrication of electrochemical supercapacitors with high energy densities, Adv. Energy Mater. 4 (2014) 1300816. [9] F. Béguin, V. Presser, A. Balducci, E. Frackowiak, Carbons and electrolytes for advanced supercapacitors, Adv. Mater. 26 (2014) 2219–2251. [10] X. Lang, A. Hirata, T. Fujita, M. Chen, Nanoporous metal/oxide hybrid electrodes for electrochemical supercapacitors, Nat. Nanotechnol. 6 (2011) 232–236. [11] I. Y. Y. Bu, R.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Emerging research suggests a link between gut microbiome composition and mental health conditions, like anxiety and depression. [SEP] Text: Enterococcus hirae WEHI01 isolated from a healthy Chinese infant ameliorates the symptoms of type 2 diabetes by elevating the abundance of Lactobacillales in rats. J Dairy Sci. 2020;103(4):2969–81. WE—(SCI-). administration of a leucine-deprived diet is able to intervene in type 2 diabetes in db/db mice, Heliyon 2018;4(9), WE—(ESCI). . Nutritional effects of the enteral nutritional formula on regulation of gut microbiota and metabolic level in type 2 diabetes mellitus mice. Syndr Obe-Targets Ther. 2021;14:1855–69. WE—(SCI-). et al. Sunsupplementation of individuals with prediabetes alters gut microbiota and improves vitamin C status, anthropometric and clinical markers, Nutrients, 2018; 10(7), WE—(SCI-). Winiarska-of nutritional factors in the modulation of the composition of the gut microbiota in people with autoimmune diabetes, Nutrients 2022;14(12), WE—(SCI-). Wlodarczyk M, Efficiency of resistant starch and dextrins as prebiotics: a review of the existing evidence and clinical trials, Nutrients. 2021; 13(11), WE—(SCI-). . Consumption of acidic water alters the gut microbiome and decreases the risk of diabetes in NOD mice. J Histochem Cytochem. 2014;62(4):237–50. WE—(SCI-). Wu CF et al. Modulation of gut microbiota by low methoxyl pectin attenuates type 1 diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice, Front. Immunol. 2019; 10, WE—(SCI-). . Manno-oligosaccharides from cassia seed gum ameliorate inflammation and improve glucose metabolism in diabetic rats. Food Funct. 2022;13(12):6674–87. WE—(SCI-). . Linking microbiota to human diseases: a systems biology perspective. Metab. 2015;26(12):758–70. WE—(SCI-). . Effect of polysaccharides from adlay seed on anti-diabetic and gut microbiota. Food Funct.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Ginseng is known for its potential adaptogenic effects. [SEP] Text: : Hyperpolarization and increased free calcium in acetylcholine-stimulated endothelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. 255(4 Pt 2), H965-H969 (1988) Kwan, C. Y. and Kwan, K. : Effects of Panax notoginseng saponins on vascular endothelial cells in vitro. Acta. Pharmacol. Sin. 21, 1101-1105 (2000) Yu, J. , Eto, M. , Akishita, M. , Kaneco, A. , Ouchi, Y. and Okabe, T. : Signaling pathway of nitric oxide production induced by ginsenoside Rb1 in human aortic endothelial cells: a possible involvement of androgen receptor. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 353, 764-769 (2007) and Wong, R. N. : Signaling pathway of ginsenoside-Rg1 leading to nitric oxide production in endothelial cells. FEBS Letters 580, 3211-3216 (2000) Kim, M. K. , Namkoong, S. , and Kim, Y. M. : Water extract of ginseng stimulates angiogenesis by activating the PI3K/Akt-dependent ERK1/2 and eNOS pathways in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 30, 1674-1679 (2007) Fleming, I. and Busse, R. : Molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Am. J. Physio. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 284, R1-R12 (2003) Li, Z. , Niwa, Y. , Sakamoto, S. , Shono, M. , Chen, X. and Nakaya, Y. : Induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase by ginsenosides in cultured porcine endothelial cells. Life Sciences. 67, 2983-2989 (2000) and Kim, S. G. : Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits phenylephrineinduced vascular contraction through induction of nitric oxide synthase. Br. J. Pharmacol. 140, 661-670 (2003). , Kim, J. B.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Huang, One-pot synthesis of ZnO/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite for supercapacitor applications, Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 31 (2015) 131–138. [12] Q. Ke, J. Wang, Graphene-based materials for supercapacitor electrodes – A review, J. Mater. (2016). [13] one-pot method for producing ZnO–graphene nanocomposites from graphene oxide for supercapacitors, Scr. Mater. 68 (2013) 301–304. [14] M. Raja, A. B. V. K. Kumar, N. Arora, J. Subha, Studies on electrochemical properties of zno/rgo nanocomposites as electrode materials for supercapacitors, Fullerenes Nanotub. Carbon Nanostructures. 23 (2015) 691–694. [15] M. Saranya, R. Ramachandran, F. Wang, Graphene-zinc oxide (G-ZnO) nanocomposite for electrochemical supercapacitor applications, J. Sci. Adv. Mater. Devices J. (2016). [16] T. Lu, Y. Zhang, H. Li, L. Pan, Y. Li, Z. Sun, Electrochemical behaviors of graphene–ZnO and graphene–SnO2 composite films for supercapacitors, Electrochim. Acta. 55 (2010) 4170–4173. [17] T. Lu, L. Pan, H. Li, G. Zhu, T. Lv, X. Liu, Z. Sun, T. Chen, D. H. C. Chua, Microwave-assisted synthesis of graphene–ZnO nanocomposite for electrochemical supercapacitors, J. Alloys Compd. 509 (2011) 5488–5492. [18] J. Jayachandiran, J. Yesuraj, M. Arivanandhan, A. Raja, S. A. Suthanthiraraj, R. Jayavel, D.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Probiotics and prebiotics are being studied for their potential to improve mental health by altering the gut microbiome. [SEP] Text: Even though the favorable effects of pre– and pro–biotics on various atopic diseases have been considered for a long time, little is identified about how pre– and pro–biotics modify the immune system and atopic disease development. In this first part of the 1995. 5 Prebiotics are described as ‘non–digestible food ingredient (fermentable oligosaccharides) that benefits the individual by selectively stimulating the favorable expansion and/or activity of one or more indigenous probiotics e. g. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the colon and thus improve individual’s health’. 5,6 Dietary prebiotics consist of mixture of short–chain galacto–oligosaccharides (scGOS) and long–chain fructo–oligosaccharides (lcFOS). The most extensively studied prebiotics are the fructans (inulin, FOS) and GOS which, owing to their chemical structure, are indigestible in the intestine and are fermented by anaerobic bacteria in the gut. For example, FOS, which are non–digestible polymers of fructose found naturally in artichokes, leeks, asparagus, onions and bananas, stimulate the growth of faecal Bifidobacteria in healthy human subjects. 6 What are potential mechanisms of prebiotics’ actions in the prevention/therapy of allergy? Supplementation of GOS/FOS in infants causes stimulation of a Bifidogenic intestinal microflora; improved intestinal physiology, possibly less infections as well as allergy development. 7,8 Moreover, this fermentation of non–digestible dietary fiber/carbohydrate by the Bifidobacterium species causes the production of valuable fermentation metabolites such as short chain fatty acids (SCFA) g. acetate, proprionate and butyrate, which have immunomodulatory and anti–inflammatory characteristics. 9 Furthermore the effects of SCFA are as follows: – Acidification: Acidification of the gastrointestinal microenvironment which is damaging to certain pathogenic bacteria strains e. g. bacteroides, clostridia and coliforms. 10 Acidification also favors to increase mucin production. Consequently, mucin is to decrease pathogenic bacterial colonisation and translocation.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Ginseng is known for its potential adaptogenic effects. [SEP] Text: : Effect of protopanaxatriol ginsenosides on the blood pressure and endothelial dysfuction in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats, Korean J. Ginseng Sci. 21, 119-124 (1997) Anderson, K. E. : Pharmacology of penile erection. Pharmacol. Rev. 53, 417-450 (2001) Rajfer, J. , Aronson, W. J. and Bush, P. A. : Nitric oxide as a mediator of relaxation of the corpus cavernosum in response to noradrenergic, noncholineregic neurotransmission. New Engl. J. Med. 326, 90-94 (1992) Choi, Y. D, Ma, S. Y. , Shin, J. S. and Choi, H. K. : Effect of Korean red ginseng on the rabbit corpus cavernosal smooth muscle. Korean J. Ginseng Sci. 20, 133 (1996) Choi, Y. D. , Xin, Z. C. and Choi, H. K. : Effect of Korean red ginseng on the rabbit corpus cavernosal smooth muscle. Int. J. Impot. Res. 10, 37-43 (1998) Choi H. K. , Seong, D. H. and Ra, K. H. : Clinical efficacy of Korean red ginseng for erectile dysfunction. Int. J. Impot. Res. 7, 181-186 (1995) Cashen, D. E. , MacIntyre, D. E. and Martin, W. J. : Effects of sildensfil on erectile activity inmice lacking neuronal or endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Br. J. Pharmacol. 136, 693-700 (2002) Lugnier, C. and Kim, N. D. : Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases as possible targets for ginsenosides, Advances in ginseng research Proceedings of the 7th International symposium on Ginseng, Society of Ginseng, 10. 1016/S0378-8741(01)00217-3 Maffei, F. R. , Carini, M. , Aldini, G. , Berti, F. and Rossoni, G.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Nedumaran, Synthesis and electrochemical studies of rgo/zno nanocomposite for supercapacitor application, J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater. 28 (2018) 2046–2055. [19] Oxide/Reduced graphene oxide composites and electrochemical capacitance enhanced by homogeneous incorporation of reduced graphene oxide sheets in zinc oxide matrix, J. Phys. Chem. C. 115 (2011) 2563–2571. [20] A. Ramadoss, S. J. Kim, Facile preparation and electrochemical characterization of graphene/ZnO nanocomposite for supercapacitor applications, Mater. Chem. Phys. 140 (2013) 405–411. [21] J. Wang, Z. Gao, Z. Li, B. Wang, Y. Yan, Q. Liu, T. Mann, M. Zhang, Z. Jiang, Green synthesis of graphene nanosheets/ZnO composites and electrochemical properties, J. Chem. 184 (2011) 1421–1427. [22] Z. Li, Z. Zhou, G. Yun, K. Shi, X. Lv, B. Yang, High-performance solid-state supercapacitors based on graphene-ZnO hybrid nanocomposites, Nanoscale Res. Lett. 8 (2013) 473. [23] Y. Zhang, H. Li, L. Pan, T. Lu, Z. Sun, Capacitive behavior of graphene–ZnO composite film for supercapacitors, J. Electroanal. Chem. 634 (2009) 68–71. [24] V. Rajeswari, R. Jayavel, A. Clara Dhanemozhi, Synthesis and characterization of graphene-zinc oxide nanocomposite electrode material for supercapacitor applications, Mater. Today Proc. 4 (2017) 645–652. [25] Z. Li, P. Liu, G. Yun, K. Shi, X. Lv, K. Li, J. Xing, B.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The majority of the body's serotonin is produced in the gut, not the brain. [SEP] Text: Gastroenterology, 2004, 126(7), 1657-1664. [ [PMID: 15188158] [15] Lee, D. Y. ; Park, H. ; Kim, W. H. ; Lee, S. I. ; Seo, Y. J. ; Choi, Y. C. Serotonin transporter gene polymorphism in healthy adults and patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Korean J. Gastroenterol. , 2004, 43(1), 18-22. [ [PMID: 14745247] [16] Yeo, A. ; Boyd, P. ; Lumsden, S. ; Saunders, T. ; Handley, A. ; Stubbins, M. ; Knaggs, A. ; Asquith, S. ; Taylor, I. ; Bahari, B. ; Crocker, N. ; Rallan, R. ; Varsani, S. ; Montgomery, D. ; Alpers, D. H. ; Dukes, G. E. ; Purvis, I. ; Hicks, G. A. Association between a functional polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene and diarrhoea predominant irritable bowel syndrome in women. Gut, 2004, 53(10), 1452-1458. [ [PMID: 15361494] [17] Kim, D. Y. ; Camilleri, M. Serotonin: A mediator of the brain-gut connection. Am. J. Gastroenterol. , 2000, 95(10), 2698-2709. [PMID: 11051338] [18] Wang, B. M. ; Wang, Y. M. ; Zhang, W. M. ; Zhang, Q. Y. ; Liu, W. T. ; Jiang, K. ; Zhang, J. Serotonin transporter gene polymorphism in irritable bowel syndrome. Zhi, 2004, 43(6), 439-441. [PMID: 15312441] [19] Coates, M. D. ; Mahoney, C. R. ; Linden, D. R. ; Sampson, J. E. ; Chen, J. ; Blaszyk, H. ; Crowell, M. D. ; Sharkey, K. A. ; Gershon, M. D.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Ginseng is known for its potential adaptogenic effects. [SEP] Text: Biol 2000;78:91-102. . Immunomodulatory activity of ginsan, a polysaccharide of Panax ginseng, on dendritic cells. 2009;13:169-173. . Dendritic cells maturation promoted by M1 and M4, end products of steroidal ginseng saponins metabolized in digestive tracts, drive a potent Th1 polarization. 2004;68:441-452. Inhibiting effects of total saponins of Panax ginseng on immune maturation of dendritic cells induced by oxidized-low density lipoprotein. 2010;263:99-104. . Inhibitory effect of ginsenosides from steamed ginseng-leaves and flowers on the LPSstimulated IL-12 production in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Res 2011;34:681-685. . Natural killer cell signaling pathways. Science 2004;306:1517-1519. . Immunomodulating activity of ginsenoside Rg1 from Panax ginseng. Pharmacol 1990;54:447-454. . Panax ginseng as a potential immunomodulator: studies in mice. 1990;12:257-276. . In vitro effects of echinacea and ginseng on natural killer and antibodydependent cell cytotoxicity in healthy subjects and chronic fatigue syndrome or acquired immunodefi ciency syndrome patients. Immunopharmacology 1997;35:229-235. . Innate and adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. 2002;91:281-291. Kurtz J. Memory in the innate and adaptive immune systems. 2004;6:1410-1417. . Humoral immunity due to long-lived plasma cells. Immunity 1998;8:363-372. . Immune response to cholera toxin epitope inserted in Salmonella flagellin. Science 1989;244:70-72. Vecchiarelli A, Casadevall A. Antibody-mediated effects against Cryptococcus neoformans: evidence for interdependency and collaboration between humoral and cellular immunity. 1998;149:321-333. . Complement and its role in innate and adaptive immune responses. 2010;20:34-50. .

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: Yang, 3D (Three-dimensional) sandwich-structured of ZnO (zinc oxide)/rGO (reduced graphene oxide)/ZnO for high performance supercapacitors, Energy. 69 (2014) 266–271. [26] L. Huang, G. Guo, Y. Liu, Q. Chang, Y. Xie, Reduced graphene oxide-ZnO nanocomposites for flexible supercapacitors, J. Disp. Technol. 8 (2012) 373–376. [27] X. Li, Z. Wang, Y. Qiu, Q. Pan, P. Hu, 3D graphene/ZnO nanorods composite networks as supercapacitor electrodes, J. Alloys Compd. 620 (2015) 31–37. [28] L. Fang, B. Zhang, W. Li, J. Zhang, K. Huang, Q. Zhang, Fabrication of highly dispersed ZnO nanop169. [29] A. G. Pandolfo, A. F. Hollenkamp, Carbon properties and their role in supercapacitors, J. 157 (2006) 11–27. [30] D. Pech, M. Brunet, H. Durou, P. Huang, V. Mochalin, Y. Gogotsi, P. -L. Taberna, P. Simon, Ultrahigh-power micrometre-sized supercapacitors based on onion-like carbon, Nat. Nanotechnol. 5 (2010) 651–654. [31] H. Wang, Y. Liang, T. Mirfakhrai, Z. Chen, H. S. Casalongue, H. Dai, Advanced asymmetrical supercapacitors based on graphene hybrid materials, Nano Res. 4 (2011) 729–736. [32] M. Winter, R. J. Brodd, What are Batteries, Fuel Cells, and Supercapacitors? , Chem. Rev. 104 (2004) 4245–4270. [33] M. Inagaki, H. Konno, O. Tanaike, Carbon materials for electrochemical capacitors, J. Power Sources. 195 (2010) 7880–7903. [34] A.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Some studies suggest that improving gut health through diet can have positive effects on mental well-being. [SEP] Text: For the single-item Stress scale, Cronbach’s alpha could be calculated but showed satisfactory content, criterion, and construct validity for group level analysis [28]. Intervention had no significant effects on well-being in the two companies, neither separately nor when considered as one population calculated by the Wilcoxon test. Table 4. Median effects on the well-being-related measures. (n=12)(n=13)Both companies (n=25)3. 03. 02. 03. 03. 03. 0IQR1. 81. 81. 00. 51. 00. 5UWES-9MED4. 44. 34. 24. 34. 24. 3IQR2. 42. 32. 11. 62. 21. 8P-TyHyMED51. 551. 053. 352. 551. 751. 3IQR17. 917. 512. 99. 414. 010. 0TyHyMED55. 356. 140. 645. 047. 846. 7IQR16. 816. 512. 58. 618. 919. 224. 024. 021. 021. 024. 023. 0IQR8. 57. 88. 010. 010. 57. 034. 030. 035. 039. 035. 036. 0IQR12. 523. 54. 56. 59. 014. 026. 523. 031. 031. 029. 029. 0IQR16. 012. 38. 06. 08. 511. 0DiscussionPrincipal FindingsThis study evaluated the adoption process and effects of a mental health app targeted to individual employees at organizations. Because the findings from a prior pilot study were positive [14], it was expected that the app would be well received and it would have a positive impact on employees’ well-being. However, the adoption rate of the app was low as only a small number of employees (13. 0%, 43/332) chose to take part in the intervention, and therefore, the effects of the intervention on the employees’ well-being could not be verified. However, the multiple item questionnaires were tested with Cronbach’s alpha and were proven reliable (alpha >. 8). The assessment of motivations and user experiences shows that employees participated in the intervention and used the app for the "right reasons" (eg, personally motivating reasons).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Ginseng is known for its potential adaptogenic effects. [SEP] Text: elicits Th1 and Th2 immune responses to ovalbumin in mice. Vaccine 2007;25:161-169. Gabay C, Kushner I. Acute-phase proteins and other systemic responses to inflammation. N Med 1999;340:448-454. . Nitric oxide, chronic infl ammation and autoimmunity. 2007;111:1-5. . Secondary and ectopic lymphoid tissue responses in rheumatoid arthritis: from infl ammation to autoimmunity and tissue damage/remodeling. 2010;233:267-285. . Panax ginseng ameliorates airway infl ammation in an ovalbumin-sensitized mouse allergic asthma model. J Ethnopharmacol 2011;136:230-235. . Protective effects of a gastrointestinal agent containing Korean red ginseng on gastric ulcer models in mice. 2010;10:45. . Ginseng ameliorates chronic histopathologic changes in a murine model of asthma. Proc 2008;29:493-498. . Suppressive effects of ginsan on the development of allergic reaction in murine asthmatic model. 2009;150:32-42. . Suppression of local infl ammation contributes to the neuroprotective effect of ginsenoside Rb1 in rats with cerebral ischemia. Neuroscience 2012;202:342-351. . Anti-inflammatory effects of BT-201, an n-butanol extract of Panax notoginseng, observed in vitro and in a collagen-induced arthritis model. 2007;26:785-791. . Red ginseng saponin extract attenuates murine collagen-induced arthritis by reducing pro-infl ammatory responses and matrix metalloproteinase-3 expression. Bull 2010;33:604-610. . Inhibitory effects of Korean red ginseng and its genuine constituents ginsenosides Rg3, Rf, and Rh2 in mouse passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction and contact dermatitis models. Bull 2006;29:1862-1867. . Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of Korean red ginseng extract in human keratinocytes. 2011;11:42-49. -. Red ginseng inhibits scratching behavior associated with atopic dermatitis in experimental animal models.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of research in graphene focuses on its application in supercapacitors and energy storage due to its high electrical conductivity. [SEP] Text: S. Aricò, P. Bruce, B. Scrosati, J. -M. Tarascon, W. van Schalkwijk, Nanostructured materials for advanced energy conversion and storage devices, Nat. Mater. 4 (2005) 366–377. [35] J. Li, F. Gao, Analysis of electrodes matching for asymmetric electrochemical capacitor, J. 194 (2009) 1184–1193. [36] E. Yoo, J. Kim, E. Hosono, H. Zhou, T. Kudo, I. Honma, Large reversible Li storage of graphene nanosheet families for use in rechargeable lithium ion batteries, Nano Lett. 8 (2008) 2277–2282. [37] T. Bhardwaj, A. Antic, B. Pavan, V. Barone, B. D. Fahlman, Enhanced electrochemical lithium storage by graphene nanoribbons, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 (2010) 12556–12558. [38] M. D. Stoller, S. Park, Y. Zhu, J. An, R. S. Ruoff, Graphene-based ultracapacitors, Nano Lett. 8 (2008) 3498–3502. [39] Y. Wang, Z. Shi, Y. Huang, Y. Ma, C. Wang, M. Chen, Y. Chen, Supercapacitor devices based on graphene materials, J. Phys. Chem. C 113 (2009) 13103–13107. [40] X. An, T. Simmons, R. Shah, C. Wolfe, K. M. Lewis, M. Washington, S. K. Nayak, S. Talapatra, S. Kar, Stable aqueous dispersions of noncovalently functionalized graphene from graphite and their multifunctional high-performance applications, Nano Lett. 10 (2010) 4295–4301. [41] Y. Wang, Z. Shi, Y. Huang, Y. Ma, C. Wang, M. Chen, Y. Chen, Supercapacitor devices based on graphene materials, J. Phys. Chem. C.

Output: corroborate