Input: Claim: Studies suggest social media can increase feelings of loneliness and anxiety. [SEP] Text: Furthermore, once individuals reach a certain level of media literacy, they may be better equipped to deal with the potentially negative effects of social media use on mental health outcomes such as loneliness. The findings provide valuable insights into the complex relationship between social media use and loneliness and how media literacy moderates this relationship. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of educational interventions to increase the digital media literacy of older adults. To decrease the detrimental effects of social media use on older adults, older adults must develop skills to enhance their social capital and satisfy their informational needs using social media. Previous studies (e. g. , Blažun et al. , 2012; Lee & Kim, 2018) provide evidence that interventions promoting media literacy could reduce loneliness. For example, older adults who participated in a mentoring program in the that provided one-on-one technology tutorials showed increased self-efficacy and eHealth literacy and a decrease in loneliness (Lee & Kim, 2018). Nationwide educational programs tailored to the literacy level of older adults could help enhance skills to access, use, analyze, and evaluate social media properly and ultimately contribute to the mental health of older populations. The current findings have important implications for individuals, mental health practitioners, psychologists, and policy-makers. Individuals who use social media may benefit from media literacy training to help them develop the skills needed to navigate social media in a healthy and constructive manner. Mental health practitioners may find it useful to incorporate media literacy training into their interventions for individuals experiencing loneliness or other negative mental health outcomes related to social media use. Community and educational psychologists should make collaborative efforts to build educational programs that support older populations’ social media use to increase their social connectedness and enhance their physical and mental health. Policy-makers may consider implementing media literacy programs in community settings to help individuals develop the skills needed to navigate social media and other forms of media in a healthy and constructive manner. In addition to educational interventions, policy-makers should take the initial step to make a program filtering fake news or harmful information on social media that might mislead older adults with low media literacy. Most studies on the relationship between social media use and loneliness among older adults were conducted in Western countries (e. g. , Aarts et al. , 2015; Casanova et al. , 2021; Hofer & Hargittai, 2021; Lewin et al. , 2022; Ongun et al. , 2016; Silva et al. , 2022).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Only teenagers are affected by mental health issues stemming from social media. [SEP] Text: The evidence for prevention of intimate partner violence was summarized – together with evidence on interventions for violence against women more broadly – in a recent special issue in the Lancet. In LMICs, several types of interventions have shown to effectively reduce levels of intimate partner violence, including community mobilization; empowerment training for women and girls; group-based training for women and men; as well as economic empowerment interventions combined with gender equality training (Ellsberg et al. and Watts2015). Of the nine studies included in this review, only one directly examined mental health outcomes. This randomized controlled trial in western Kenya found that unconditional cash transfers were associated both with improvements in female empowerment as well as improvements in several wellbeing indicators (happiness and life satisfaction) and a reduction in perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and in levels of the stress hormone cortisol (Haushofer & Shapiro, and Shapiro2013). There remains a need for further studies that directly examine how addressing intimate partner violence translates to prevention of mental disorders. Three strands of knowledge support this as a viable research strategy, including (a) aforementioned epidemiological research that shows strong links between intimate partner violence and negative mental health outcomes; (b) evaluations of intimate partner violence response interventions that show simultaneous reductions in intimate partner violence and mental health symptoms (Hegarty et al. Reference Hegarty, O'Doherty, Taft, Chondros, Brown, Valpied and Gunn2013; Saftlas et al. and Peek-Asa2014); and (c) rigorous evaluations of intimate partner violence prevention interventions showing concomitant results on reduced intimate partner violence and other health outcomes (e. g. HIV incidence) (Jewkes et al. and Duvvury2008; Wagman et al. and Serwadda2012). Selective prevention: school-based interventions for conflict-affected children Just over one billion children globally live in countries and territories affected by armed conflicts and wars (Machel, Reference Machel2009). As noted above, exposure to violence constitutes a well-documented risk factor for child development and mental health in LMICs (Walker et al. Reference Walker, Wachs, Grantham-McGregor, Black, Nelson, Huffman and Richter2011). Exposure to violence has been linked to a range of mental health consequences; the best studied constituting symptoms of PTSD, major depressive disorder, and anxiety disorders (Attanayake et al. and Mills2009).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Microclimates can create variations in weather over short distances. [SEP] Text: 3b–d and 4), implying a semidiurnal rainfall cycle over these areas as was also noted by Yu et al. (2007). The averaged phase propagation speed toward the southeast starting from the top of the mountain ranges is approximately 13 m s−1, which is similar to that of a 14 m s−1 eastward speed in Carbone et al. (2002, their Fig. 2), except that the phase propagation is more coherent in the current study (Fig. 4). Note that Fig. 4 also shows the presence of two parallel, smaller-scale peaks within the primary diurnal peak phase in the plains, separated by ∼100 km in horizontal distance and ∼3 h in time, which is not visible in the filtered maps in Fig. 3. Parallel to the diurnal precipitation peak phase line, there is also a southwest–northeast belt of daily precipitation minimum visible at nearly all hours. The minimum phase is most pronounced at the top the Yanshan–ranges right after midnight, at the sharpest terrain slope during early morning hours, and on the plains in the late morning through early afternoon hours (Figs. 3 and 4). 4. Discussion on diurnal propagation and nocturnal precipitation peaks The speed of phase propagation and the relationship between the local diurnal precipitation maxima and minima may be related to the diurnal variation of a regional-scale, mountain–plains solenoid (MPS) circulation induced by differential heating between the high mountain ranges and the plains over this region. This is evident by examining the mean GFS analysis averaged through the same warm-season months of 2003–09 shown in Figs. 5 –6. The evolution of the MPS circulation over the and the adjacent plains of the United States, along with its impacts on summertime precipitation and other weather phenomena, has been extensively studied (e. g. , Tripoli and Cotton 1989; Wolyn and McKee 1994; Zhang and Koch 2000; Koch et al. 2001; Carbone and Tuttle 2008). Figure 5 shows the low-level (900 hPa) vertical motions and perturbation wind vectors at each GFS analysis averaged over 2003–09. Figure 6 shows the corresponding averaged vertical motions, or the perturbation vertical circulation vectors averaged along the same northwest–southeast cross section as in Figs. 1c and 4.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Studies suggest social media can increase feelings of loneliness and anxiety. [SEP] Text: The findings of this study expand scholarly understanding of the impact of social media use in non-Western countries. Considering that Korea has the fastest population aging rate and high social media use among adults, this study’s findings provide useful insights for understanding the effects of social media use among older adults in other countries facing similar circumstances. This study was meaningful as it presented greater clarity of the relationship between social media use and loneliness among older adults by examining the moderating effect of media literacy on the relationship. However, caution is needed in interpreting the results because of the limitations of this study. First, the data were extracted from the 2021 Panel Survey. The sample might not be representative of the national population of Korea. There is a possibility that those in the panel might use more social media and might have a higher level of media literacy than those not included in the panel. Second, the mean age of the sample was 63. 58 years old. Whether there are differences in the effects of social media on loneliness and other indicators of mental health between relatively younger adults (e. g. , individuals aged 60–70 years) and relatively older adults (e. g. , individuals aged 70 years and older) needs further investigation. Third, in the panel survey data, social media use was measured considering only the total time spent on social media. Differences might exist depending on which platform they use and how they use it. Future research should consider various types of social media and usage behavior (such as active vs. passive use, informational vs. socio-emotional use) in examining the relationship between social media use and loneliness among older adults. Fourth, in the panel survey data, media literacy was measured with items focusing on critical understanding and evaluation of information obtained through general media, not specific to social media. Items specifically measuring digital media literacy and various aspects of media literacy, such as information access/search abilities and content-creation abilities, should be employed in future research. Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this 1. K. H. Kim and colleagues (2017) media literacy scale originally consists of 4 dimensions with 77 items developed based on the media literacy index of the for (2011). 949. of Science12. of Science2001. Review, 21, 17–23. 10. 1177/14614448211054377573.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Only teenagers are affected by mental health issues stemming from social media. [SEP] Text: However, it is recognized that many children do not show long-term negative mental health impacts of armed conflict, a phenomenon studied under the term resilience. Research on mental health and resilience in children growing up in conflict zones can be particularly informative for the development of selective preventive interventions. A systematic review of the resilience literature has shown that resilience should not be equated to a simple balance of risk and protective factors with universal relevance. Rather, resilience appears to be determined in complex time- and context-dependent processes. For example, longitudinal studies have shown that the same coping methods had different benefits for mental health depending on whether they were applied in an active phase of conflict or in the post-conflict phase. Similarly, political affiliation appeared protective among conflict-affected youth in Nepal, but the reverse was observed in Bosnian adolescents. Different impacts of protective factors have also been observed depending on gender and developmental stage. Such findings underscore the importance of context-sensitive preventive interventions, rather than the application of similar prevention interventions across diverse socio-cultural contexts (Tol et al. Reference Tol, Song and Jordans2013b ). This can be further illustrated by the findings of evaluations of a school-based intervention for conflict-affected children in Burundi, Indonesia, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. Several randomized controlled trials evaluated the classroom-based intervention (CBI), a manualized group intervention with children aged 8–12 years in 15 sessions over 5 weeks. The CBI combines elements of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral techniques (such as drawings related to adverse events, psychoeducation, and discussion of coping) and creative-expressive activities components (drama exercises, movement, and use of music), aimed at reducing distress and strengthening coping and social support (Macy et al. Reference Macy, Johnson Macy, Gross and Brighton2003). The CBI was implemented as part of a multi-tiered package of services in several conflict-affected settings. Besides the CBI, this package also included school-based mental health promotion, universal preventive intervention, and treatment interventions (Jordans et al. and de Jong2010b and de Jong2013). A brief screening tool was developed to assess eligibility, including exposure to violence and a perceived lack of coping and social support (Jordans et al. Reference Jordans, Komproe, Ventevogel, Tol and de Jong2008, Reference Jordans, Komproe, Tol and De Jong2009).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Microclimates can create variations in weather over short distances. [SEP] Text: Meanwhile, because of the decrease of boundary layer friction and turbulent mixing that results in the absence of solar heating, a perturbation low-level southwesterly nocturnal jet has fully developed (Figs. 5c and 6c). This enhances the low-level warm-, moist-air advection from the southwest as well as low-level lifting, both of which are likely responsible for the nocturnal precipitation maximum over the plains (Fig. 3e). By now, strong downslope flows (Fig. 6c) have led to a precipitation minimum over the slopes and foothills (Fig. 3e). A low-level southerly nocturnal jet, parallel to the mountain ranges, is also widely observed over the of the (e. g. , Bonner 1968) and has at least in part been a cause of nocturnal precipitation maxima (e. g. , Higgins et al. 1997). At 0000 UTC (0800 LST), a few hours after sunrise, the upward branch of the remnant MPS circulation remains over the central plains but is substantially weakened while the perturbation low-level southwesterly jet has been completely replaced by the north-northwesterly downslope winds (Figs. 5d and 6d). There is only a very weak signature of the diurnal precipitation peak associated with this upward branch. The minimum precipitation phase is observed over most of the focus domain, except at the eastern corner where the ocean has a strong influence (Fig. 3f). The above diagnosis performed with the GFS analysis demonstrates a strong connection between the evolution of peak diurnal precipitation and the upward branch of an MPS circulation, progressing southeastward from the top of the mountain ranges in the early afternoon to the central Plains in the early morning. The 13 m s−1 propagation speed and direction correspond to a midtropospheric steering level at around 500 hPa (not shown).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Studies suggest social media can increase feelings of loneliness and anxiety. [SEP] Text: × and Support with 2023, Volume: 15 Issue: Supplement 1, 373 - 382, 29. 12. 2023 Emine Sevinç Tok Aldemir primary objective of this study is to explore the correlations between feelings of loneliness, inadequacy, and social anxiety, alongside virtual social support levels, in relation to the extent of social media addiction. Additionally, the study aims to assess a predictive path analysis model, comprised of these explanatory variables, to enhance comprehension of social media addiction. Targeting young adults aged 18-35, acknowledged for their heightened engagement with internet and social media, the study recruited a total sample size of 250 participants. Data collection involved the use of a and Addiction Scale. Correlation analysis outcomes revealed a significant and positive association between loneliness, inadequacy, social anxiety, virtual social support scores, and the overall social media addiction score. Moreover, multiple regression analysis indicated that all independent variables accounted for 44% of the total variance in social media addiction scores. Lastly, employing a path analysis model demonstrated remarkably high fit indices (CMIN/DF=1. 163; CFI=. 998; GFI=. 997; NFI=. 993; AGFI =. 949; RMSEA=. 034), elucidating direct and indirect relationships between independent variables and social media addiction. 6. (2009) İnsanı Tanıma Sanatı (Çeviri Ed. K Şipal). İstanbul, Say Yayınları. Akdoğan R, (2014) Adleryen grupla psikolojik danışmanın yetersizlik duygusu ve psikolojik belirtiler üzerindeki etkisi. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 5:280-293. Al-Saggaf Y, (2014) Self-disclosure on facebook among female users and its relationship to feelings of loneliness. Behav, 36:460-468. Ansbacher HL (1992) Alfred Adler, pioneer in prevention of mental disorders. Individ Psychol, 48:3-33. APA (2013) Diagnostic and of Mental Disorders, 5th ed (DSM-5). . (2001) Modification in the proposed diagnostic criteria for internet addiction. Soc Netw, 4:377-383.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Only teenagers are affected by mental health issues stemming from social media. [SEP] Text: Evaluations through cluster randomized trials have shown diverse mental health benefits of the CBI across settings, and identified a complex set of mediators and moderators of intervention benefits. Intervention benefits were found in Burundi (Tol et al. and de Jong2014), Indonesia (Tol et al. and De Jong2008), Nepal (Jordans et al. and de Jong2010a ), and (Tol et al. and de Jong2012). However, intervention benefits were differentiated by both gender and age (Tol et al. and de Jong2010). Other important moderators of intervention included pre-intervention levels of exposure to conflict-related events (Burundi and Sri Lanka), family-level variables such as household size and family composition (Burundi), and displacement status (Burundi). Moreover, in ongoing sites of conflict (Burundi and Sri Lanka) better outcomes in the control group were identified for some symptom outcomes. Based on these findings, it is clear that context plays a critical role in determining the outcome of preventive interventions. Although more research is necessary to disentangle the specific mechanisms responsible for these diverse findings, they are consistent with the above-described findings in the epidemiological literature on resilience and mental health. Similar to this epidemiological literature, these intervention studies highlight the critical importance of careful tailoring of interventions to target population and contexts. Further work, for example, is required to study how gender-sensitive interventions may result in more consistent outcomes, and how targeting narrower age groups may change outcomes. However, such changes in narrower targeting need to be weighed against the cost-benefit of reaching a smaller population. Critically, the inclusion of trauma-focused elements in prevention programs may need to be reconsidered in areas of ongoing instability (i. e. the trials in Burundi and Sri Lanka). Removing the trauma-focused element in preventive efforts and providing separate evidence-based treatments for children with more severe psychological difficulties may be indicated here. This direction is supported by a randomized controlled trial by Ager et al. (and Boothby2011) which evaluated an adapted version of CBI with displaced children in northern Uganda without specific trauma-focused elements and found positive impacts on child wellbeing. Indicated prevention: preventing postnatal depressive disorder in pregnant women with heightened levels of depressive symptoms Depression forms a critical global health priority. It is characterized by lowered mood, reduced energy, and decreased activity.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Microclimates can create variations in weather over short distances. [SEP] Text: Geophys. Res. , 104, 6377– 6402. )| falseSearch 744. Dai, A. , X. Lin and K-L. Hsu 2007: The frequency, intensity, and diurnal cycle of precipitation in surface and satellite observations over low- and mid-latitudes. Climate Dyn. , 29, 727– 744. )| falseSearch 507. Higgins, R. W. , Y. Yao E. S. Yarosh J. E. Janowiak and K. C. Mo 1997: Influence of the low-level jet on summertime precipitation and moisture transport over the central United States. J. Climate, 10, 481– 507. )| falseSearch 3105. doi:10. 1029/2005JD006156. Janowiak, J. E. , V. E. Kousky and R. J. Joyce 2005: Diurnal cycle of precipitation determined from the high spatial and temporal resolution global precipitation analyses. J. Geophys. Res. , 110, D23105. doi:10. 1029/2005JD006156. )| falseSearch 503. Joyce, R. J. , J. E. Janowiak P. A. Arkin and P. Xie 2004: : A method that produces global precipitation estimates from passive microwave and infrared data at high spatial and temporal resolution. J. Hydrometeor. , 5, 487– 503. )| falseSearch 933. Koch, S. E. , F. Zhang M. L. Kaplan Y-L. Lin R. Weglarz and C. M. Trexler 2001: Numerical simulations of a gravity wave event over CCOPE. Part III: The role of a mountain–plains solenoid in the generation of the second wave episode. Mon. Wea. Rev. , 129, 909– 933. )| falseSearch 2415. Lin, Y. , and F. Zhang 2008: Tracking mesoscale gravity waves in baroclinic jet-front systems. J. Atmos. Sci. , 65, 2402– 2415. )| falseSearch 168. Qian, W. , H. Kang and D. Lee 2002: Distribution of seasonal rainfall in Monsoon region. Theor. Appl. Climatol. , 73, 151– 168.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Studies suggest social media can increase feelings of loneliness and anxiety. [SEP] Text: Lu W, Hampton KN (2017) Beyond the power of networks: differentiating network structure from social media affordances for perceived social support. Soc, 19:861–879. Martin JM, (2003) Loneliness and social uses of the internet. Behav, 19:659-671. Nalwa K, Anand AP (2003) Internet addiction in students: a cause of concern. Soc Netw, 6:653-656. (2018) The online social support scale: measure development and validation. Psychol Assess, 30:1127-1143. (2015) Üniversite öğrenci̇leri̇nde problemli̇ internet kullanımı, yalnızlık ve algılanan sosyal destek. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 23:281-292. (2009) The theory of planned behavior applied to young people's use of social networking web sites. Soc Netw, 12:755-759. (2015) Creating, consuming, and connecting: examining the relationship between social media engagement and loneliness. J Soc, 4:158-172. Polat BA (2009) Firma performansını etkileyen faktörlerin yapısal eşitlik modeli ile incelenmesi (Doktora tezi). İstanbul, İstanbul Üniversitesi. Prizant-(2016) Social anxiety and internet use, a meta-analysis: what do we know? what are we missing? Behav, 62:221-229. Rook KS (1984) Research on social support, loneliness, and social isolation: toward an integration. Soc Psychol, 5:239–264 (1980) The revised : concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. J Psychol, 39:472-480. (1978) Developing a measure of loneliness. J Person Assess, 42:290-294. Russell DW (1996) (version 3): reliability, validity, and factor structure. J Person Assess, 66:20-40. Soykan C, Özgüven HD, Gençöz T (2003) Anxiety Scale: the Turkish version. Psychol Rep, 93:1059-69.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Only teenagers are affected by mental health issues stemming from social media. [SEP] Text: Typical symptoms include reduced capacity to enjoy and be interested in activities, severe tiredness after minimum effort, disturbed sleep and appetite, diminished self-esteem, and feelings of worthlessness (Organization, 1990). Of the 7. 4% of disease burden caused by mental and substance use disorders globally, depression is responsible for 40. 5% – constituting the largest mental health contribution to the global burden of disease (Whiteford et al. and Vos2013). Epidemiological research has shown significant variation in prevalence of depression across countries, commonly with an age of onset in young adulthood and an often chronic or relapsing course. Socio-economic disadvantage and exposure to violence are key determinants of depression, and depression itself is associated with increased mortality (e. g. through suicide) (Patel et al. Reference Patel, Simon, Chowdhary, Kaaya and Araya2009). Maternal mental disorders are also associated with worse child health outcomes. A substantial global literature has documented perinatal mental disorders as risks for a broad range of negative child outcomes (including increased risk for premature delivery, lower birth weight, and intrauterine growth restriction; attachment difficulties; impaired physical growth and cognitive development; and child emotional difficulties), some of which can persist into late adolescence (Stein et al. and Pariante2014). van Zoonen et al. (Reference van and Cuijpers2014) conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions to prevent depression globally. Their systematic review focused on randomized controlled trials of prevention interventions (universal, selective, and indicated), with study participants not meeting criteria for major depressive disorder at baseline. Thirty-two studies were identified with a total of 6214 participants, most (30 out of 32) focused on indicated and selective prevention, and 25 of the 32 studies were conducted in the USA and Europe. Fifteen of the studied prevention interventions were based on cognitive behavioral approaches, and five were based on interpersonal group therapy. The quality of the studies was evaluated as relatively high. Overall, the combined interventions reduced the incidence of new cases of depression with 21%. There was low statistical heterogeneity of the effectiveness of prevention interventions between studies. Prevention effectiveness did not differ by prevention type, type of intervention, age group, number of sessions, study country, or target group. Interpersonal group therapy-based interventions showed a lower number needed to treat than cognitive behavioral prevention interventions(7 v.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Microclimates can create variations in weather over short distances. [SEP] Text: )| falseSearch 2461. Trier, S. B. , C. A. Davis D. A. Ahijevych M. L. Weisman and G. H. Bryan 2006: Mechanisms supporting long-lived episodes of propagating nocturnal convection within a 7-day WRF model simulation. J. Atmos. Sci. , 63, 2437– 2461. )| falseSearch 328. Tripoli, G. J. , and W. R. Cotton 1989: Numerical study of an observed orogenic mesoscale convective system. Part II: Analysis of governing dynamics. Mon. Wea. Rev. , 117, 305– 328. )| falseSearch 419. Wallace, J. M. , 1975: Diurnal variations in precipitation and thunderstorm frequency over the conterminous United States. Mon. Wea. Rev. , 103, 406– 419. )| falseSearch 1629. Wang, C. C. , G. T. J. Chen and R. E. Carbone 2004: A climatology of warm-season cloud patterns over east Asia based on GMS infrared brightness temperature observations. Mon. Wea. Rev. , 132, 1606– 1629. )| falseSearch 1508. Wolyn, P. G. , and T. B. McKee 1994: The mountain–plains circulation east of a 2-km-high north–south barrier. Mon. Wea. Rev. , 122, 1490– 1508. )| falseSearch 1170. Yin, S. , D. Chen and Y. Xie 2009: Diurnal variations of precipitation during the warm season over China. Int. J. Climatol. , 29, 1154– 1170. )| falseSearch 1704. doi:10. 1029/2006GL028129. Yu, R. , T. Zhou and A. Xiong 2007: Diurnal variation of summer precipitation over contiguous China. Geophys. Res. Lett. , 34, L01704. doi:10. 1029/2006GL028129. )| falseSearch 2796. Zhang, F. , and S. E. Koch 2000: Numerical simulation of a gravity wave event observed during CCOPE. Part II: Wave generation by an orographic density current. Mon. Wea.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Studies suggest social media can increase feelings of loneliness and anxiety. [SEP] Text: (2007) Family factors of internet addiction and substance use experience in Taiwanese adolescents. Soc Netw, 10:323-329. Young KS (2007) Cognitive behavior therapy with internet addicts: treatment outcomes and implications. Soc Netw, 10:671-679. (2013) Lise öğrencilerinin problemli internet kullanımının sosyal kaygı ve akran ilişkiler açısından incelenmesi (Yüksek lisans tezi). Ankara, Hacettepe Üniversitesi. Yalnızlık, Yetersizlik, Sosyal Kaygı ve Desteğin Bağımlılığıyla İlişkisi Year 2023, Volume: 15 Issue: Supplement 1, 373 - 382, 29. 12. 2023 Emine Sevinç Tok Aldemir çalışmanın amacı, yalnızlık, yetersizlik ve sosyal kaygı duyguları ile sanal sosyal destek düzeyinin sosyal medya bağımlılığıyla ilişkilerinin sınanmasıdır. Çalışmanın ikinci amacı ise, sosyal medya bağımlılığının anlaşılması için yordayıcı değişkenlerden oluşturulan yol analizi modelinin test edilmesidir. Araştırmanın katılımcıları, alanyazındaki bulgulara dayanarak, internet ve sosyal medya kullanımının en yüksek seyrettiği yaş aralığı olan 18-35 yaş genç yetişkinlerden seçilmiştir. Çalışmanın örneklemi toplam 250 katılımcıdan oluşmaktadır.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Only teenagers are affected by mental health issues stemming from social media. [SEP] Text: The paper aimed to provide examples to illustrate this breadth by providing examples of promotion and different types of prevention in different life phases: supporting positive parenting in the early childhood period (mental health promotion); community-wide prevention and reduction of intimate partner violence as a critical determinant of ill mental health (universal prevention); school-based preventive interventions for children exposed to conflict-related violence (selective prevention); and preventing the onset of full-scale postnatal depressive disorder in pregnant women with higher levels of depressive symptoms (indicated prevention). A detailed summary of the evidence supporting all promotion and prevention interventions in mental health in LMICs is beyond the scope of this paper, but interested readers may consult a recent report by Barry et al. (Reference Barry, Clarke and Petersen2014). Their summary of evidence for prevention and promotion interventions is briefly summarized in Box 2. Box 2. et al. (Reference Barry, Clarke and Petersen2014) Sufficient evidence in LMICs: - Home visiting programs for new mothers and their babies integrating mental health promotion within routine pre- and postnatal-care services. - Screening and prevention for women at risk of postnatal depression. - Universal social and emotional learning delivered through school-based life-skills programs in primary- and post-primary schools. - Targeted interventions which enhance resilience, cognitive, and coping skills for children at increased risk of depression and anxiety - CBIs for vulnerable children (orphaned by HIV/living in areas of conflict/war) improve psychological and social functioning and coping. - Out-of-school empowerment programs for adolescents/young adults designed to promote youth health through the use of multi-component interventions. - Screening and brief interventions for problem drinkers by PHC workers. - Raised tax/price on alcohol; restricted access to alcohol; and bans on alcohol advertising. - Restricting access to potential lethal means of suicide.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Microclimates can create variations in weather over short distances. [SEP] Text: Rev. , 128, 2777– 2796. )| falseSearch 4010. Zhou, T. , R. Yu H. Chen A. Dai and Y. Pan 2008: Summer precipitation frequency, intensity, and diurnal cycle over China: A comparison of satellite data with rain gauge observations. J. Climate, 21, 3997– 4010. )| falseSearch 1. (a) Study domain map and terrain distribution (shaded every 200 m) over northern China with the focus area highlighted in box ABCD, which includes the cities of Beijing (denoted as BJ) and Tianjin (TJ) and the provinces of Shanxi (SX), Inner-Mongolia (NM), Hebei (HB), Shandong (SD), Henan (HN), Anhui (AH), and Jiangsu (JS). (b) Distribution of mean warm-season hourly rainfall rate (mm h−1) averaged over all hours from May to August during 2003–09 estimated with the dataset. (c) Averaged terrain elevation and hourly precipitation rate along the northwest–southeast direction averaged over the boxed area in (a). The starting point of the cross section is an average over line AB, and the ending point is an average over line CD; the same averaging method will be used for Figs. 4 and 6 along the same cross section. Citation: Review 138, 4; 10. 1175/2010MWR3356. 1Download FigureDownload figure as PowerPoint slide Size Fig. 2. (a) Percentage of the diurnal contributions of the total precipitation (calculated as the sum of the absolute differences between the mean precipitation rate at each hour and the mean hourly precipitation rate divided by the mean hourly precipitation rate). The 800-m terrain elevation is plotted in thick gray curves denoting the approximate location of the steepest terrain slope. (b) Isochrones (phase fronts) of the local diurnal precipitation peaks at different times of Fig. 3 with terrain elevations shaded every 200 m. The time label of the isochrones in (b) is in UTC [i. e. , 8 h behind the local standard time (Beijing time)]. Citation: Review 138, 4; 10. 1175/2010MWR3356. 1Download FigureDownload figure as PowerPoint slide Size Fig. 3.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Studies suggest social media can increase feelings of loneliness and anxiety. [SEP] Text: Veri toplama araçları olarak, Katılımcı ızlık Ölçeği, Ölçeği, Destek Ölçeği, Kaygı Ölçeği ve Bağımlılık Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Yapılan korelasyon analizi sonuçlarında yalnızlık, yetersizlik, sosyal kaygı ve sanal sosyal destek puanları ile sosyal medya bağımlılığı toplam puanının anlamlı ve pozitif yönde ilişki gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Ayrıca, çoklu regresyon analizi sonucunda tüm bağımsız değişkenlerin sosyal medya bağımlılığı toplam puan varyansını %44 oranında açıkladığı gözlenmiştir. Son olarak, bağımsız değişkenlerin sosyal medya bağımlılığı ile doğrudan ve dolaylı ilişkileri yol analizi modeliyle test edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, yol analizi sonuncunda oldukça yüksek uyum indeksleri olan bir modele ulaşılmıştır (CMIN/DF=1. 163; CFI=. 998; GFI=. 997; NFI=. 993; AGFI =. 949; RMSEA=. 034). Keywords Yalnızlık, Sosyal Kaygı, kurum bulunmamaktadır. 6. (2009) İnsanı Tanıma Sanatı (Çeviri Ed. K Şipal).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Only teenagers are affected by mental health issues stemming from social media. [SEP] Text: AbstractNews reporting about mental illness lack perspectives of the mentally ill themselves and it is almost exclusively psychiatrists who are accessed when healthcare staff is consulted. The perspective of mental health nurses might contribute to the public understanding of mental illness. The purpose of this study was to describe mental health nurses’ experiences of how mental illness is portrayed in media. Eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with qualified mental health nurses. A qualitative content analysis resulted in three categories: Negative portrayals of mental illness, Inconclusive images of mental illness and Biased dissemination of different perspectives. The conclusion of this study is that mental health nurses experience media portrayals of mental illness as negative and misleading with too much emphasis on the medical perspective while a holistic mental health nursing perspective is heavily obscured. Mental health nurses need to take a more prominent role in public reporting on mental health to resolve the current lack of relevant facts regarding mental illness. Further research is needed regarding portrayals of mental illness in social media and how the current lack of perspectives affects public perceptions of mental illness. In addition, further studies regarding the viewpoints of journalists reporting on mental illness are required. BackgroundThe stigmatization of people diagnosed with mental illness is well documented, and schizophrenia is in particular a diagnosis that is commonly linked to stigmatization (Angermeyer, Matschinger, & Schomerus, Citation2013; Mestdagh & Hansen, Citation2014; Read, Citation2007; Read & Harré, Citation2001). People diagnosed with schizophrenia often experience fear of abandonment or exclusion due to their diagnosis and studies have shown that even healthcare staff in the mental health services discriminate against patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (Mestdagh & Hansen, Citation2014). People diagnosed with schizophrenia also run a greater risk of having their integrity and autonomy violated by healthcare staff (Jormfeldt & Hallén, Citation2016; Mestdagh & Hansen, Citation2014). Earlier studies have shown that a biological model for the explanation of the illness increases the public’s fear of mental illness (Angermeyer et al. , Citation2013). This increase of fear has been linked to the interpretation that a biological model reduces the individual’s possibility for changing or preventing their symptoms of mental illness. This thus makes people with mental illness appear to be different and unpredictable and becomes an indication that anyone can be affected by severe mental illness (Angermeyer et al. , Citation2013; Cross, Citation2004).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Microclimates can create variations in weather over short distances. [SEP] Text: Map distribution of normalized diurnal precipitation deviations at (a) 0600, (b) 0900, (c) 1200, (d) 1500, (e) 1800, and (f) 0000 UTC estimated as the mean precipitation rate at this hour minus the mean precipitation rate throughout the date, normalized by the standard deviation of hourly precipitation at each location. Scales smaller than 200 km are truncated by a 2D spectral decomposition. The 800-m terrain elevation is plotted in thick gray curves denoting the approximate location of the steepest terrain slope. The purple solid (dashed) line denotes the location of the phase fronts of the local diurnal precipitation peaks (minima). Citation: Review 138, 4; 10. 1175/2010MWR3356. 1Download FigureDownload figure as PowerPoint slide Size Fig. 4. Distance–time Hovmöller diagram of the normalized hourly precipitation deviation without filtering averaged along the cross section from northwest to southeast (as in Fig. 1c). The dashed arrows show the southeastward phase propagation of the diurnal precipitation peaks. The time axis is in UTC [i. e. , 8 h behind the local standard time (Beijing time)]. Citation: Review 138, 4; 10. 1175/2010MWR3356. 1Download FigureDownload figure as PowerPoint slide Size Fig. 5. Spatial distribution of the 900-hPa vertical motions (colored) and perturbation wind vectors diagnosed with the GFS analyses at (a) 0600, (b) 1200, (c) 1800, and (d) 0000 UTC. The 800-m terrain elevation is plotted in thick gray curves denoting the approximate location of the steepest terrain slope. The purple solid (dashed) line denotes the location of the phase fronts of the local diurnal precipitation peaks (minima) as in Fig. 3. Citation: Review 138, 4; 10. 1175/2010MWR3356. 1Download FigureDownload figure as PowerPoint slide Size Fig. 6. Vertical profiles of the averaged vertical motion (colored; cm s−1), the perturbation vertical circulation vectors (horizontal wind component along the cross section and 100 times the vertical velocity), and the horizontal wind component perpendicular to the cross section (contoured in blue every 0.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Studies suggest social media can increase feelings of loneliness and anxiety. [SEP] Text: Kandell JJ (1998) Internet addiction on campus: The vulnerability of college students. Soc Netw, 1:11-17. (2011) Online social networking and addiction: a review of the psychological literature. 8:3528-3552. Küçükali A (2016) Üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal medya kullanımı: Atatürk Üniversitesi örneği. Bartın Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 7:531-546. Liebowitz MR (1987) Social phobia. Pharmacopsychiatr, 22:141-173 (2017) Social network sites influence recovery from social exlusion: individual differences in social anxiety. Behav, 75:538-546. Lu W, Hampton KN (2017) Beyond the power of networks: differentiating network structure from social media affordances for perceived social support. Soc, 19:861–879. Martin JM, (2003) Loneliness and social uses of the internet. Behav, 19:659-671. Nalwa K, Anand AP (2003) Internet addiction in students: a cause of concern. Soc Netw, 6:653-656. (2018) The online social support scale: measure development and validation. Psychol Assess, 30:1127-1143. (2015) Üniversite öğrenci̇leri̇nde problemli̇ internet kullanımı, yalnızlık ve algılanan sosyal destek. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 23:281-292. (2009) The theory of planned behavior applied to young people's use of social networking web sites. Soc Netw, 12:755-759. (2015) Creating, consuming, and connecting: examining the relationship between social media engagement and loneliness. J Soc, 4:158-172. Polat BA (2009) Firma performansını etkileyen faktörlerin yapısal eşitlik modeli ile incelenmesi (Doktora tezi).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Only teenagers are affected by mental health issues stemming from social media. [SEP] Text: A review of studies on influences regarding stigma related to mental disorders in the media maintains that mental illness is the most common form of illness represented in TV and movies (Klin & Lemish, Citation2008). Mental illness was more commonly associated with negative stereotypes compared to somatic illness. News media, newspapers in particular, are a common source of inaccurate and negative information about mental illness and studies have shown that the portrayal of mental illness in news media does not differ from entertainment media in terms of inaccurate and negative information about mental illness (Stuart, Citation2006). An examination of 300 news 2016. Data analysisThe interviews were transcribed in January–March 2018 by the first and second author (ML) and (SK). The transcriptions were coded and analyzed using qualitative content analysis inspired by Graneheim and Lundman (Citation2004). First, the interviews were read several times to gain an understanding of the content as a whole. Meaning units related to the research question were then identified and condensed. The condensed meaning units were then abstracted and given a code. Descriptions of the contents were close to the original statements, rather than interpretations of the content. The codes with a similar content were sorted into subcategories and categories (see Table 1). Table 1. Examples of data analysis. considerationsAll identification markers were removed from the interviews during the transcription process in order to prevent identification of the participants. Sound files and transcribed interviews were stored on a password-protected computer and copies of the interviews were saved on an encrypted USB memory stick that was kept in locked storage. All the participants were informed about the study and any risks associated with participation prior to signing a consent form for participation in the study, which is in accordance with the current Swedish legislation (SFS, Citation2003, p. 460). The most evident risk for the participants was moderate ethical or professional stress, as the interviews entailed topics that could be considered sensitive or controversial from a professional viewpoint. These risks were considered to be sufficiently prevented, as both interviews were experienced researchers, one of whom was also a qualified psychiatric nurse. The participants were informed that participation was voluntary and that they could terminate their participation at any time without having to give any reason. Furthermore, all the participants had long experience of their profession and had expressed an active desire to participate in the study. The study was approved by the local ethics committee at the Department of Health and Welfare at (Dnr. UI 2018/159).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Microclimates can create variations in weather over short distances. [SEP] Text: 5 m s−1, where solid indicates southwesterlies and dashed indicates northwesterlies) along the direction from northwest to southeast averaged as in Figs. 1c and 4 diagnosed with the GFS analyses at (a) 0600, (b) 1200, (c) 1800, and (d) 0000 UTC. The red solid curves show the averaged normalized diurnal precipitation deviation, with the red dashed straight line as the zero value. Analysis fields below the ground are masked with light-gray shadings. Citation: Review 138, 4; 10. 1175/2010MWR3356. 1Download FigureDownload figure as PowerPoint slide this content Copy this link, or click below to email it to a friend Email this content or copy the link directly: The link was not copied. Your current browser may not support copying via this button. Link copied successfullyCopy link Share on facebook Share on linkedin Share on twitter Abstract1. Introduction2. Precipitation dataset and mean3. The diurnal precipitation cycle and its phase propagation4. Discussion on diurnal propagation and nocturnal precipitation peaks5. Conclusions 850. Bonner, W. D. , 1968: Climatology of the low-level jet. Mon. Wea. Rev. , 96, 833– 850. )| falseSearch 4146. Carbone, R. E. , and J. D. Tuttle 2008: Rainfall occurrence in the U. S. warm season: The diurnal cycle. J. Climate, 21, 4132– 4146. )| falseSearch 2056. Carbone, R. E. , J. D. Tuttle D. Ahijevych and S. B. Trier 2002: Inferences of predictability associated with warm season precipitation episodes. J. Atmos. Sci. , 59, 2033– 2056. )| falseSearch 3103. doi:10. 1029/2008JD011103. Chen, G. , W. Sha and T. Iwasaki 2009: Diurnal variation of precipitation over southeastern China: Spatial distribution and its seasonality. J. Geophys. Res. , 114, D13103. doi:10. 1029/2008JD011103. )| falseSearch 6402. Dai, A. , F. Giorgi and K. E.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Studies suggest social media can increase feelings of loneliness and anxiety. [SEP] Text: Close navigation menu 124. 124. Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) toolbar search Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search -19 pandemic is a serious global burden. Epidemiological data suggest that the severity of COVID-19, in particular its case fatality rate, rises strongly with age. It is possible that neither a vaccine nor an effective treatment will be available for >1 year. Thus, it may be necessary for older adults to protect themselves by avoiding direct social contact and practicing social distancing for a rather long period of time. This may result in loneliness and social isolation because, for example, grandchildren cannot visit their grandparents. In turn, both loneliness and social isolation can have serious deleterious consequences (e. g. , in terms of morbidity and mortality). Thus, the question arises: are there ways to mitigate loneliness and social isolation? One way to stay in contact is to use online social media such as Facebook or using video calling software such as Skype. However, there are very few studies examining whether the use of online social media or video chats are associated with loneliness and social isolation in older adults. We sum up some preliminary findings and make a call for further research on the link between online social media use/video chat and loneliness, as well as social isolation, in older adults. Keywords: Social isolation, Social media use, Social exclusion, Loneliness, Video call, Internet use, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2; -19 pandemic has already changed the world and will continue to do so. While the economic and social consequences are not completely predictable, there is little doubt that it will have an effect on many areas of life – at least in the midterm. It is widely acknowledged that the severity of COVID-19, in particular its case fatality rate, increases considerably with age. One possible scenario is that older adults will be forced to stay home for extended periods of time to avoid physical contact with other people (e. g. , when buying food) in order to avoid infection with the coronavirus. This can affect mental health and well-being among individuals in old age [1, 2]. Ultimately, this can also lead to feelings of social isolation (feeling that one does not belong to the society) and loneliness (perceived discrepancy between actual and desired social relationships).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Only teenagers are affected by mental health issues stemming from social media. [SEP] Text: ResultsThe analysis of the interviews resulted in three categories: Negative portrayals of mental illness, Inconclusive images of mental illness and Biased dissemination of different perspectives. In the category Negative portrayals of mental illness the subcategories were: Crimes being linked to mental illness and Stigmatizing reporting on mental illness. In the category Inconclusive images of mental illness the subcategories were: A more positive image of mental illness and Lack of facts in images of mental illness. In the category Biased dissemination of different perspectives the subcategories were: Biomedical mental health emphasis and Absence of psychiatric nursing perspective. An overview of categories and subcategories are presented in Table 2. Table 2. Result categories and subcategories. portrayals of mental illnessCrimes being linked to mental illnessThe participants described experiences of the media linking crimes to mental illness. Participants spoke of the news media reporting on violent crimes and described experiences where the journalists used mental illness to explain why violent crimes were committed. The participants talked of two perspectives regarding the reporting of crimes in media. The first perspective was that people experiencing mental illness were portrayed as dangerous and erratic. The second perspective was that mental illness was used as to explain why perpetrators committed violent crimes without presenting any further elucidation. It is as if mental disorders in themselves are the thing that makes people commit… commit crimes. (Interview 4)Stigmatizing reporting on mental illnessThe participants described that the media, to a varying extent, reported on or portrayed mental illness in a stigmatizing way and spoke of experiences of mental health diagnosis and mental illness being used as invectives in the media. A recurring experience was that the negative portrayal of mental illness in the media was perceived as being intended to label people with mental illness or otherwise group them together to make it easier to generalize about mental illness. The participants expressed that these generalizations of mental illness were negative and upsetting. It is invectives, invectives we are talking about. It was in a fit of psychosis or… a psychotic person that killed someone, not like a cancer-diseased person that killed someone, but it… yeah. It is used to describe… people. (Interview 1)Inconclusive images of mental illnessA more positive image of mental illnessThe participants said that some media gave a relatively positive or unprejudiced image of mental illness. They also spoke of alternatives to the traditional media as contributing with information that was more positive.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Microclimates can create variations in weather over short distances. [SEP] Text: Trenberth 1999: Observed and model simulated precipitation diurnal cycle over the contiguous United States. J. Geophys. Res. , 104, 6377– 6402. )| falseSearch 744. Dai, A. , X. Lin and K-L. Hsu 2007: The frequency, intensity, and diurnal cycle of precipitation in surface and satellite observations over low- and mid-latitudes. Climate Dyn. , 29, 727– 744. )| falseSearch 507. Higgins, R. W. , Y. Yao E. S. Yarosh J. E. Janowiak and K. C. Mo 1997: Influence of the low-level jet on summertime precipitation and moisture transport over the central United States. J. Climate, 10, 481– 507. )| falseSearch 3105. doi:10. 1029/2005JD006156. Janowiak, J. E. , V. E. Kousky and R. J. Joyce 2005: Diurnal cycle of precipitation determined from the high spatial and temporal resolution global precipitation analyses. J. Geophys. Res. , 110, D23105. doi:10. 1029/2005JD006156. )| falseSearch 503. Joyce, R. J. , J. E. Janowiak P. A. Arkin and P. Xie 2004: : A method that produces global precipitation estimates from passive microwave and infrared data at high spatial and temporal resolution. J. Hydrometeor. , 5, 487– 503. )| falseSearch 933. Koch, S. E. , F. Zhang M. L. Kaplan Y-L. Lin R. Weglarz and C. M. Trexler 2001: Numerical simulations of a gravity wave event over CCOPE. Part III: The role of a mountain–plains solenoid in the generation of the second wave episode. Mon. Wea. Rev. , 129, 909– 933. )| falseSearch 2415. Lin, Y. , and F. Zhang 2008: Tracking mesoscale gravity waves in baroclinic jet-front systems. J. Atmos. Sci. , 65, 2402– 2415. )| falseSearch 168. Qian, W. , H. Kang and D.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Studies suggest social media can increase feelings of loneliness and anxiety. [SEP] Text: This has been found to be the case, for example, when grandchildren cannot have direct contact with their grandparents. Loneliness and social isolation are correlated, but they are distinct constructs and differ in their predictors. While individuals can perceive themselves as socially isolated, they may not feel lonely at the same time and vice versa. Nevertheless, both social isolation and loneliness should be avoided because they can have important negative consequences for morbidity and mortality. One possible solution to cope with this situation and stay in contact with others is to use video chats (e. g. , Skype) or online social media (e. g. , Facebook). These solutions may at least temporarily substitute physical contact (e. g. , with friends, acquaintances, children, or grandchildren) in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. It appears plausible that these possibilities can reduce feelings of social isolation or loneliness (e. g. , when seeing their grandchildren on their monitor or smartphone). Moreover, older individuals using video chats or online social media sites to stay in contact with family and friends may think that they are better off than when they did not use such technical possibilities during self-isolation (intraindividual comparison). Thus, they may highly appreciate such technical solutions to overcome feelings of isolation and loneliness. Furthermore, they may compare themselves with other individuals who are not able to participate (e. g. , for health reasons) in video chats or online social media sites (interindividual comparisons) and may realize that they are better off than these individuals. Both intraindividual and interindividual comparisons could lead to decreased feelings of social isolation or feelings of loneliness. To date, very few studies have investigated the association between the use of video chats or online social media and social isolation or loneliness among older adults. We first summarize these preliminary findings before making a call for further research on the association between online social media use/video chat and social isolation among older adults. It is worth noting that we focused on nationally representative samples to present findings which are generalizable to the entire (community-dwelling) population of older adults in the specific countries. We included studies focusing on individuals in their second half of life (i. e. , 40 years and over [3]). Based on nationally representative samples, only 3 studies have investigated the link between online social network sites and loneliness or social isolation among older adults. While a first study focused on various outcomes (i. e.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Only teenagers are affected by mental health issues stemming from social media. [SEP] Text: Examples of these alternatives were 1177. se (Swedish healthcare’s national information website), social media and the literature published by patient organizations. The participants also talked of experiencing that the media had started to present a more positive image of mental illness, referring to TV-series as positive examples. They also spoke of the news media having started to improve their reporting on mental illness by doing so in a more nuanced manner. I feel as if they are providing a more nuanced picture and that they are comprehensive when discussing mental illness today… and that they’ve even begun to take some responsibility for what they’re writing. (Interview 8)Lack of facts in images of mental illnessParticipants talked of experiences of the media presenting a misleading image of mental illness, in both news reporting and literature as well as in movies. The participants spoke of a lack of facts in the media portrayals of mental illness. This was primarily related to news reporting about mental illness, but was also described in relation to fictional literature and a lack of facts in reporting about what cure or help can be given for mental illness. The participants talked of experiences of the media making false claims about mental illness, and how fictional literature and movies presented misleading images of mental illness. They also experienced that the mental health experts made statements about events or people in the media, despite not having been sufficiently knowledgeable about the individual case to be able to provide a fair picture. Well, you are still talking about psychosis and those things I think are stigmatizing in themselves, instead of talking about what kind of vulnerability or what the person has experienced in life (Interview 8)Biased dissemination of different perspectivesBiomedical mental health emphasisThe participating nurses talked of experiences of a predominantly biomedical perspective in the news media and that psychiatrists were the ones authorized to make statements about mental illness. The participants invariably described the psychiatrists’ superior role and the dominance of the biomedical perspective in public media as being destructive and incorrect. They also spoke about other professional perspectives having been neglected due to the medical focus in the media. Somehow it is often… the psychiatrists who asked to be on the air, to talk and respond to this or that when something has happened. And then… you often end up with the biomedical perspective. (Interview 2)Absence of mental health nursing perspectiveThe participants talked of a lack of a mental health nursing perspective in portrayals of mental illness in the media.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Microclimates can create variations in weather over short distances. [SEP] Text: Lee 2002: Distribution of seasonal rainfall in Monsoon region. Theor. Appl. Climatol. , 73, 151– 168. )| falseSearch 2461. Trier, S. B. , C. A. Davis D. A. Ahijevych M. L. Weisman and G. H. Bryan 2006: Mechanisms supporting long-lived episodes of propagating nocturnal convection within a 7-day WRF model simulation. J. Atmos. Sci. , 63, 2437– 2461. )| falseSearch 328. Tripoli, G. J. , and W. R. Cotton 1989: Numerical study of an observed orogenic mesoscale convective system. Part II: Analysis of governing dynamics. Mon. Wea. Rev. , 117, 305– 328. )| falseSearch 419. Wallace, J. M. , 1975: Diurnal variations in precipitation and thunderstorm frequency over the conterminous United States. Mon. Wea. Rev. , 103, 406– 419. )| falseSearch 1629. Wang, C. C. , G. T. J. Chen and R. E. Carbone 2004: A climatology of warm-season cloud patterns over east Asia based on GMS infrared brightness temperature observations. Mon. Wea. Rev. , 132, 1606– 1629. )| falseSearch 1508. Wolyn, P. G. , and T. B. McKee 1994: The mountain–plains circulation east of a 2-km-high north–south barrier. Mon. Wea. Rev. , 122, 1490– 1508. )| falseSearch 1170. Yin, S. , D. Chen and Y. Xie 2009: Diurnal variations of precipitation during the warm season over China. Int. J. Climatol. , 29, 1154– 1170. )| falseSearch 1704. doi:10. 1029/2006GL028129. Yu, R. , T. Zhou and A. Xiong 2007: Diurnal variation of summer precipitation over contiguous China. Geophys. Res. Lett. , 34, L01704. doi:10. 1029/2006GL028129. )| falseSearch 2796. Zhang, F. , and S. E.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Studies suggest social media can increase feelings of loneliness and anxiety. [SEP] Text: Geriatr Psychiatry. 2015;30(9):942–9. A, König HH. The association between use of online social networks sites and perceived social isolation among individuals in the second half of life: results based on a nationally representative sample in Germany. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):40. AK. Social media use of older adults: a mini-review. Gerontology. 2013;59(4):378–84. J, Salami B. “is not for the Weak of Heart”: social isolation and loneliness in Muslim immigrant older adults in Canada. Care Community. 2020;28(2):615–23. to beat the blues: longitudinal data from a national representative sample. Geriatr Psychiatry. 2019;27(3):254–62. Positive and negative experiences on social media and perceived social isolation. Health Promot. 2019;33(6):859–68.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Only teenagers are affected by mental health issues stemming from social media. [SEP] Text: The reasons for this were ascribed to the current hierarchy in the healthcare services where psychiatrists are seen as the authority. The participants also felt that nurses were bad at making themselves visible in the public media. And in media I’ve never seen anyone bring up the perspective of mental health nursing. (Interview 5)Another aspect that the participants talked of was the experience that mental health nursing had low status, both in relation to nursing in the medical field and among other nursing practitioners. You hardly ever see an interview with an associate professor of mental health nursing in Swedish investigative television program focusing on social issues, where he or she is allowed to sit around, discuss and twist and turn things with regard to his or her specific expertise to explain or understand human actions…. (Interview 4)DiscussionThe results of this study show that psychiatric nurses experience the presentation of mental illness in public media as negative. The participants speak of the negative portrayal is partly done through the media linking mental illness to violent crimes and partly through the reporting of mental illness in a discriminating and stigmatizing manner. This result is in line with earlier studies about the reporting of mental illness in the public media (Klin & Lemish, Citation2008; Stuart, Citation2006; Wahl, Citation2003). Cross (Citation2004) explains this negative media portrayal of mental illness in a historical context by pointing out that society has tried to isolate and block out phenomena that can be frightening and hard to understand, which has cemented the negative reporting of mental illness in the public media. When the media reports the presence of mental illness among violent criminals as being something abnormal and deviant, the individual consuming the media is able to rest easy knowing that they and their loved ones would not commit violent crimes, as the narrative of violence was focused on mental illness (Cross, Citation2004). The negative portrayal of mental illness in the media is problematic in several ways. These include the media presenting a misleading picture of mental illness or presenting it as the cause of sensational events, despite the lack of available information (von Heydendorff et al. , Citation2016). The media also contributes to stigma around people experiencing mental illness, something that causes these people stress and suffering (Stuart, Citation2006) and fear of discrimination and alienation (Mestdagh & Hansen, Citation2014).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Microclimates can create variations in weather over short distances. [SEP] Text: Koch 2000: Numerical simulation of a gravity wave event observed during CCOPE. Part II: Wave generation by an orographic density current. Mon. Wea. Rev. , 128, 2777– 2796. )| falseSearch 4010. Zhou, T. , R. Yu H. Chen A. Dai and Y. Pan 2008: Summer precipitation frequency, intensity, and diurnal cycle over China: A comparison of satellite data with rain gauge observations. J. Climate, 21, 3997– 4010. )| falseSearch 1. (a) Study domain map and terrain distribution (shaded every 200 m) over northern China with the focus area highlighted in box ABCD, which includes the cities of Beijing (denoted as BJ) and Tianjin (TJ) and the provinces of Shanxi (SX), Inner-Mongolia (NM), Hebei (HB), Shandong (SD), Henan (HN), Anhui (AH), and Jiangsu (JS). (b) Distribution of mean warm-season hourly rainfall rate (mm h−1) averaged over all hours from May to August during 2003–09 estimated with the dataset. (c) Averaged terrain elevation and hourly precipitation rate along the northwest–southeast direction averaged over the boxed area in (a). The starting point of the cross section is an average over line AB, and the ending point is an average over line CD; the same averaging method will be used for Figs. 4 and 6 along the same cross section. View in gallery Fig. 2. (a) Percentage of the diurnal contributions of the total precipitation (calculated as the sum of the absolute differences between the mean precipitation rate at each hour and the mean hourly precipitation rate divided by the mean hourly precipitation rate). The 800-m terrain elevation is plotted in thick gray curves denoting the approximate location of the steepest terrain slope. (b) Isochrones (phase fronts) of the local diurnal precipitation peaks at different times of Fig. 3 with terrain elevations shaded every 200 m. The time label of the isochrones in (b) is in UTC [i. e. , 8 h behind the local standard time (Beijing time)]. View in gallery Fig. 3.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Comparing oneself to others on social media can negatively impact self-esteem. [SEP] Text: ��제분류, KDC분류, DDC분류, 한국연구재단분류, 저자 메타 소속기관, 소속부서, 직급, 연구분야, 연구키워드, 이용수, 피인용수, 저자 논문활용도 [결합형/맞춤형 메타 데이터] 구분 그룹 데이터 항목 ※ 결합형/맞춤형 메타 데이터는 신청 내용에 따라 다양하게 제공 가능 이용순위 정보 주제분야별 많이 이용된 논문 “인문학”에서 많이 이용된 논문 TOP100 이용기관별 많이 이용된 논문 “중고등학교”에서 많이 이용된 논문 TOP100 세부기�

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Only teenagers are affected by mental health issues stemming from social media. [SEP] Text: The current study indicates that it is possible that the media may fail in its objectivity in reporting on mental illness, with misleading reporting due to a lack of facts, such as the humanistic and holistic nursing perspectives of mental illness. This finding is partially supported by previous studies (Klin & Lemish, Citation2008; Wahl, Citation2003), but it appears as if previous studies have not differentiated between negative portrayals and false or made-up statements. One previous study showed that the creators of TV-shows were aware of the misleading picture of mental illness that their shows conveyed, but felt that their job was to provide good dramaturgy and entertainment, not to educate their viewers (Henderson, Citation2018). This indicates that the responsibility for the negative and misleading reporting of mental illness in the media is ambiguous and problematic and that changes are required in terms of how mental illness is approached in the public media. The media is also in a position to provide positive images of mental illness and the results in this study showed that psychiatric nurses had experiences of the media providing nuanced reporting on mental illness. TV-shows could provide a positive image of mental illness and previous research has showed how TV-shows can fluctuate between positive and negative portrayals of mental illness based on the dramaturgical need of the show (Henderson, Citation2018). The findings show that social media sometimes provide positive portrayals of mental illness. A previous study has shown that people with mental illness have found that some types of social media provides them with possibilities for gaining social support and advice from other people with mental illness (Naslund, Grande, Aschbrenner, & Elwyn, Citation2014). Naslund et al. (Citation2014) also found that social media might be able to reduce feelings of isolation and provide hope for people with mental illness. As the topic is relatively unexplored, more studies are needed in order to more clearly delineate the role of the social media in the forming of opinions and attitudes about mental illness in society. The medical perspective dominates media reporting on mental illness. The nursing profession’s subordinated position compared to the medical profession is a well-known problem in healthcare. This is an historical imbalance that has progressively diminished but still remains today (Price, Doucet, & Hall, Citation2014).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Microclimates can create variations in weather over short distances. [SEP] Text: Map distribution of normalized diurnal precipitation deviations at (a) 0600, (b) 0900, (c) 1200, (d) 1500, (e) 1800, and (f) 0000 UTC estimated as the mean precipitation rate at this hour minus the mean precipitation rate throughout the date, normalized by the standard deviation of hourly precipitation at each location. Scales smaller than 200 km are truncated by a 2D spectral decomposition. The 800-m terrain elevation is plotted in thick gray curves denoting the approximate location of the steepest terrain slope. The purple solid (dashed) line denotes the location of the phase fronts of the local diurnal precipitation peaks (minima). View in gallery Fig. 4. Distance–time Hovmöller diagram of the normalized hourly precipitation deviation without filtering averaged along the cross section from northwest to southeast (as in Fig. 1c). The dashed arrows show the southeastward phase propagation of the diurnal precipitation peaks. The time axis is in UTC [i. e. , 8 h behind the local standard time (Beijing time)]. View in gallery Fig. 5. Spatial distribution of the 900-hPa vertical motions (colored) and perturbation wind vectors diagnosed with the GFS analyses at (a) 0600, (b) 1200, (c) 1800, and (d) 0000 UTC. The 800-m terrain elevation is plotted in thick gray curves denoting the approximate location of the steepest terrain slope. The purple solid (dashed) line denotes the location of the phase fronts of the local diurnal precipitation peaks (minima) as in Fig. 3. View in gallery Fig. 6. Vertical profiles of the averaged vertical motion (colored; cm s−1), the perturbation vertical circulation vectors (horizontal wind component along the cross section and 100 times the vertical velocity), and the horizontal wind component perpendicular to the cross section (contoured in blue every 0. 5 m s−1, where solid indicates southwesterlies and dashed indicates northwesterlies) along the direction from northwest to southeast averaged as in Figs. 1c and 4 diagnosed with the GFS analyses at (a) 0600, (b) 1200, (c) 1800, and (d) 0000 UTC. The red solid curves show the averaged normalized diurnal precipitation deviation, with the red dashed straight line as the zero value.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The rate of cyberbullying has increased with the rise of social media. [SEP] Text: And you can see the three sort of age groups that HBSC focuses in on, from preadolescent 11 years, up to full blown adolescents in 15 years. Prevalence of cyberbullying. So our experiences in Canada are not that different than other places, substantial proportions of young people report being victimized by cyberbullying or engage in slightly less are engaged in the perpetration cyberbullying. We see patterns by age and developmental stage, we see patterns by gender, so here’s the key observations. There are large variations across countries in the reporting of this behavior or these behaviors. We do see gender patterns; boys perpetrate more and girls are victimized more, and we see developmental patterns. Cyber victimization tends to be fairly stable by age, whereas perpetration increases with age. So we do see variations across countries and within our sample and in the different countries, age groups and groups defined by gender. A similar analysis was done on social media use, we actually had three indicators in this analysis. We had our intense to use measure, we had our problematic use measure, and from the intensity scale, we could find out whether kids were talking with strangers a lot, which is another indicator used in the literature a fair bit. What we saw in these data, again, large variations across the 42 countries. Girls tend to engage in more of this, they’re more intense, more often to do report intensive use and more often report problematic use than do boys. Boys are more often talking to strangers in context; often times that might be playing video games that are online, there could be other explanations for this, but that’s the pattern that we see. And we see developmental patterns, our problematic use increases with age and is higher in girls. Intense use increases with age in both boys and girls, and interaction with strangers increases with age in both boys and girls, and it’s especially prominent in boys. So then our regression analysis, and if you ever look up our paper, you’re going to see a table like this and I say, don’t look at this output, it’s too much for a presentation. want to summarize what we did. We did a series of regression models looking at the three indicators of social media use and how they relate to victimization and perpetration of cyberbullying.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Only teenagers are affected by mental health issues stemming from social media. [SEP] Text: Close search a journal Search calls for papers Open access publishing We’re here to help Find guidance on Login | in or Add to Cart Search, Browse, or Publishsearch Find a journal Search calls for papers Open access publishing We’re here to help Find guidance on in of Issues Issue 9 in Light of. . . . Search in: search Issues in Nursing 2024 - Issue 9 Submit an 10. 1080/01612840. 2024. 2379428 Crossthis 24. 3 years; SD = 4. 97 years) who were recruited through social media health sites. (ORTO‑15), BMI, regular sporting activity, the following scales were used: Inventory (EDI, drive for thinness, ineffectiveness and maturity fears); Scale (BSMAS); and Coping Inventory. In this sample, 37. 7% were at risk for ON. Eating disorder attitudes, regular sporting and social media addiction were the most relevant predictors of orthorexic tendency with drive for thinness being the strongest contributor (β = 0. 54, p < 0. 001). For young women with a special interest in healthy lifestyle, drive for thinness together with regular sporting, ON tendency may serve as a tool for achieving their goal. Social media addiction and other psychological problems (feeling of ineffectiveness or maturity fears) can also contribute to orthorexic rendency. It would be important to ask for support from qualified health professionals when changing nutritional practices. IntroductionDisordered eating patterns are common among young women, especially in Western countries, due to robust cultural pressures for a thin body as a symbol of female beauty (Saunders & Eaton, Citation2018). Beyond the most common eating disorders like anorexia, bulimia or binge eating disorder, orthorexia nervosa (ON) has come to the fore as an eating-related problem. First identified by Bratman and Knight (Citation2000), the term derives from the Greek word ‘orthos’, meaning correct, and describes an eating style characterized by an obsession with ‘proper’ nutrition, e. g. ‘clean eating’ or ‘pure foods’ (Mac Evilly, Citation2001). While healthy eating is an important aspect of a health-promoting lifestyle, individuals with ON are so obsessive about healthy eating that their behavior becomes pathological.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Microclimates can create variations in weather over short distances. [SEP] Text: Analysis fields below the ground are masked with light-gray shadings. raw image Fig. 1. (a) Study domain map and terrain distribution (shaded every 200 m) over northern China with the focus area highlighted in box ABCD, which includes the cities of Beijing (denoted as BJ) and Tianjin (TJ) and the provinces of Shanxi (SX), Inner-Mongolia (NM), Hebei (HB), Shandong (SD), Henan (HN), Anhui (AH), and Jiangsu (JS). (b) Distribution of mean warm-season hourly rainfall rate (mm h−1) averaged over all hours from May to August during 2003–09 estimated with the dataset. (c) Averaged terrain elevation and hourly precipitation rate along the northwest–southeast direction averaged over the boxed area in (a). The starting point of the cross section is an average over line AB, and the ending point is an average over line CD; the same averaging method will be used for Figs. 4 and 6 along the same cross section. View raw image Fig. 2. (a) Percentage of the diurnal contributions of the total precipitation (calculated as the sum of the absolute differences between the mean precipitation rate at each hour and the mean hourly precipitation rate divided by the mean hourly precipitation rate). The 800-m terrain elevation is plotted in thick gray curves denoting the approximate location of the steepest terrain slope. (b) Isochrones (phase fronts) of the local diurnal precipitation peaks at different times of Fig. 3 with terrain elevations shaded every 200 m. The time label of the isochrones in (b) is in UTC [i. e. , 8 h behind the local standard time (Beijing time)]. View raw image Fig. 3. Map distribution of normalized diurnal precipitation deviations at (a) 0600, (b) 0900, (c) 1200, (d) 1500, (e) 1800, and (f) 0000 UTC estimated as the mean precipitation rate at this hour minus the mean precipitation rate throughout the date, normalized by the standard deviation of hourly precipitation at each location. Scales smaller than 200 km are truncated by a 2D spectral decomposition. The 800-m terrain elevation is plotted in thick gray curves denoting the approximate location of the steepest terrain slope.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The rate of cyberbullying has increased with the rise of social media. [SEP] Text: And what we found is that all three indicators of social media use are associated with cyberbullying, so you’re talking with strangers a lot, higher risk for both indicators of cyberbullying; perpetration and victimization. If you’re on it a lot, more opportunity, more cyberbullying. If you’re engaged in problematic sort of more addictive type things, more cyberbullying. Associations were strongest for the problematic social media use exposure. It was strongest for perpetration versus victimization, so social media use was most strongly associated with perpetration and again, we saw girls versus boys were most affected by these relationships. give you a little bit of an example graph. These are adjusted relative risks that come out of a [inaudible 00:18:51] model. And if you have a relative risk of more than one, it indicates that the social media use is negatively associated; well it’s actually positively, but it’s more associated with a negative outcome. So this is – the outcome here is perpetration of cyberbullying. The exposure here is problematic social media use and after adjustment for a number of factors we are finding in boys and girls almost all of the countries, that one seems to be associated with the other. Problematic social media use is associated with perpetration, and what is really important here is the consistency of the findings and the fact that girls seem to have stronger relationships. think it’s only one or two countries where you don’t find this association, so very consistent results and that’s something you look for in epidemiology, for something to be potentially causal. Here’s the same sorts of figures, relative risk estimates, but they’re for the intense measure. We do see statistically significant findings in most countries, but what’s more important here is the pattern that we see, as people reporting intense social media use goes up, perpetration goes up. So our main observations in our regression analysis, all three indicators of social media use were associated with cyberbullying; both types, victimization and perpetration. Associations were strongest for problematic social media use for the addictive like one, for an outcome of perpetration versus victimization. And this was a particularly strong set of relationships in girls versus boys. Strengths that this analysis, we need to comment really briefly on those strengths.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Only teenagers are affected by mental health issues stemming from social media. [SEP] Text: Despite the pathological nature of ON, there are debates as to whether it is an eating disorder, a psychological condition, a mental disorder, or a subset of another disorder (Costa et al. , Citation2017). It is not included in the Diagnostic and of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition—Revised (DSM-5 TR), but it is still recognized by many experts and researchers as a disorder which can be part of Avoidant/(ARFID) (Ryman et al. , Citation2019). Indeed, there are a number of features meeting the criteria for behavioral addictions, such as obsessional preoccupation with and concerns about proper eating, feeling guilty when eating unhealthy food, and neglecting friends who do not follow similar eating patterns (Moroze et al. , Citation2015). Several other negative consequences may also occur, for example, health problems due to unbalanced diet or malnutrition, and impairments in the fields of social, academic or occupational functioning (Moroze et al. , Citation2015; Varga et al. , Citation2013). On the other hand, it has been argued that ON is only a medicalization of eating behaviors amplifying ‘healthism’ which can be called ‘nutritionism’ overemphasizing the moral categories of good and bad in terms of eating (Arguedas, Citation2020). (Citation2001) states that ON is more a risk factor for disordered eating. Recently, several researchers suggest to differenciate between (ON) as a disordered eating behavior with clinical impairment and ‘healthy orthorexia’ as a non-pathological interest in healthy eating (Zickgraf & Barrada, Citation2022). Even in terms of ON, however, rather than describing ON symptoms as disordered, we should call the behaviors of concern ‘orthorexic tendencies’ or ‘orthorexic behavior’ without a valid clinical diagnosis (Missbach et al. , Citation2015) to avoid the trap of pathologizing healthy eating (Heiss et al. , Citation2019). Thus, in our analysis, we use the term ‘orthorexic tendency’ which shows a drive to follow a healthy diet to the extreme but not necessary a pathological behavior. Actually, these individuals may be at risk for pathological ON, but their involvement in ON has not been justified without a clinical diagnosis.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Microclimates can create variations in weather over short distances. [SEP] Text: The purple solid (dashed) line denotes the location of the phase fronts of the local diurnal precipitation peaks (minima). View raw image Fig. 4. Distance–time Hovmöller diagram of the normalized hourly precipitation deviation without filtering averaged along the cross section from northwest to southeast (as in Fig. 1c). The dashed arrows show the southeastward phase propagation of the diurnal precipitation peaks. The time axis is in UTC [i. e. , 8 h behind the local standard time (Beijing time)]. View raw image Fig. 5. Spatial distribution of the 900-hPa vertical motions (colored) and perturbation wind vectors diagnosed with the GFS analyses at (a) 0600, (b) 1200, (c) 1800, and (d) 0000 UTC. The 800-m terrain elevation is plotted in thick gray curves denoting the approximate location of the steepest terrain slope. The purple solid (dashed) line denotes the location of the phase fronts of the local diurnal precipitation peaks (minima) as in Fig. 3. View raw image Fig. 6. Vertical profiles of the averaged vertical motion (colored; cm s−1), the perturbation vertical circulation vectors (horizontal wind component along the cross section and 100 times the vertical velocity), and the horizontal wind component perpendicular to the cross section (contoured in blue every 0. 5 m s−1, where solid indicates southwesterlies and dashed indicates northwesterlies) along the direction from northwest to southeast averaged as in Figs. 1c and 4 diagnosed with the GFS analyses at (a) 0600, (b) 1200, (c) 1800, and (d) 0000 UTC. The red solid curves show the averaged normalized diurnal precipitation deviation, with the red dashed straight line as the zero value. Analysis fields below the ground are masked with light-gray shadings. 30 Views 0 0 0 Views 1290 365 19 PDF Downloads 697 210 11 of Variability on the in Storage over the Tigris–Basin Authors: Li-and Guo-Evaluation of Performance of to Authors:. Yang, Ardeshir Ebtehaj, Sajad Vahedizade, and A 440-of in California from Authors: Ian M. Howard, David W. Stahle, Michael D. Dettinger, Cody Poulsen, F. Martin Ralph, Max C.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The rate of cyberbullying has increased with the rise of social media. [SEP] Text: It’s a really large cross national study. We can look for consistent patterns across countries and cultures, and our items are well validated in their survey protocol as well validated. So it makes for a fairly strong, robust analysis. Limitations of this; they are self reports and with all the problems of self reports. And because it’s cross-sectional data, you can’t really infer cause and effect because we don’t have the temporal sequence of events; it’s a snapshot in time. However, there is other longitudinal evidence in the literature that supports the idea that these relationships exist. So a few implications. I understand the main audience for the seminar, webinar is clinicians, and I think they’re really simple. First of all, I think we all need to recognize that social media use is a normative behavior. We should also recognize it follows gendered and developmental patterns, girls being particularly affected. And social media use getting more and more as young people age and develop. So that won’t come as any surprise to anybody but our data strongly supports this sort of normative behavior pattern. I would say, and I think this is especially poignant today; social media use in itself is not a negative behavior. The connections that young people have and the opportunities to communicate and get new knowledge are really good ones but its misuse is a growing adolescent health problem. So it’s sort of a double edged sword. There are lots of good things that come from engagement in social media and it’s normative use, but there are also some flags for some ongoing problems that could lead to aggression and it could lead to mental health problems. Social media use, indeed provides new opportunities for aggression, often times young people are anonymous. Often times, they’re not sitting face to face so there is less of a hesitancy for people to be aggressive. And it’s certainly a medium that has become a normative part of everyday life where people can experience aggression, and I just simply ask that, what our data suggest that you do as a clinician, to please recognize that some negative effects of social media seem to be very there and very real. We see these effects consistently and these effects are likely not innocuous. The effects of cyberbullying are well known and have a number of mental health consequences.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Only teenagers are affected by mental health issues stemming from social media. [SEP] Text: The estimated prevalence of orthorexic behavior varies greatly from 6. 9% in the general population to 75. 2% in certain groups, such as artists, athletes or health care professionals (Niedzielski & Kaźmierczak-Wojtaś, Citation2021). Social media users are particularly at risk, with for example, up to 49% of Instagram users exhibiting ON behaviors (Turner & Lefevre, Citation2017). Media (and social media in particular) play an important role in forming our body-related attitudes, food p2022. The public link was shared on special Internet communication platforms (i. e. Facebook groups dedicated to healthy lifestyle, more precisely, 8 groups). The purpose of this sharing was to disseminate the questionnaire among those who are especially interested in healthy lifestyle, such as healthy eating. In addition, only female members were invited in the survey. We focused on young women with special interest in a healthy lifestyle, in the hope of accessing those with a relatively high motivation to engage in healthy food choice. Since being Hungarian was part of the inclusion criteria (besides being a female), only Hungarian online platforms were chosen. Participation was voluntary and confidential, and participant’s informed consent was obtained. The study plan was approved by the Board of the of Education, University of Szeged (No. 6/2021), in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. The convenience sample that was obtained, consisted of female young adults (N = 310; aged 18–35 years; mean age = 24. 3 years; SD = 4. 97 years). Since our sample is not a representative but a convenience sample, the number of total population is unknown. During the two-month-period, altogether 310 voluntary participants filled in the online quesionnaire. We applied the sample size calculator computing the minimum sample size to meet the desired statistical constraints, and our sample size proved acceptable with 95% CI and 5. 5% margin of error. Most participants lived in urban areas (32. 6% in the capital, Budapest and 54. 2% in other town, 13. 2% in villages); 41. 6% reported having a college or university degree, 53. 9% had a of Education, i. e. high school level, and only 4. 5% less; most of them considered themselves middle class (64. 2%) or upper-middle class (22,6%).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Microclimates can create variations in weather over short distances. [SEP] Text: for the Bulletin of the of of Atmospheric and Journal of of of Journal of the and Forecasting Weather, Climate, and in Sign up Sign in Sign up for the Bulletin of the of of Atmospheric and Journal of of of Journal of the and Forecasting Weather, Climate, and 1. Introduction2. Methodology3. Results4. Concluding remarks 3555. Horel, J. D. , A. N. Hahmann, and J. E. Geisler, 1989: An investigation of the annual cycle of convective activity over the tropical Americas. J. Climate,2, 1388–1403. Jones, C. , 1990: An investigation of low-frequency variability of the large-scale circulation over South America. M. S. thesis, Department of Meteorology, University of Utah, 108 pp. ——, and J. D. Horel, 1991: High circulation and convective activity over (in Portuguese). Rev. Brasileira de Meteorologia,5-1, 379–387. ——, D. E. Waliser, J. E. Schemm, and W. K. Lau, 2000: Prediction skill of the Madden and in dynamical extended range weather forecasts. Climate Dyn. , in press. Kalnay, E. , and Coauthors, 1996: NCEP/NCAR 40-Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. ,77, 437–471. Lenters, J. D. , and K. H. Cook, 1999: Summertime precipitation variability over South America: Role of the large-scale circulation. Mon. Wea. Rev. ,127, 409–431. Liebmann, B. , G. N. Kiladis, J. A. Marengo, T. Ambrizzi, J. D. Glick, 1999: Submonthly convective variability over and the Convergence Zone. J. Climate,12, 1877–1891. Madden, R. A. , and P. R. Julian, 1994: Observations of the 40–50 day tropical oscillation: A review. Mon. Wea. Rev. ,122, 814–837. Nogues-Paegle J. , K. Mo, and J.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Battery technology advancements are crucial for storing renewable energy efficiently. [SEP] Text: Worldwide renewable jobs have considerably increased and reached more than 11 million people in 2018. China was the largest followed by the EU, Brazil, the US, and India, as illustrated in Figure 1 which shows the number of jobs offered by renewable energy implementation reached to more than 11 Million jobs in 2018 [3]. Wind power installations sharply increased in recent years. The development and advancements in wind power generation systems were at high levels and shown worldwide interest. Figure 2 shows the global cumulative installed wind power capacity (MW) [4,5]. Reference [4] found that the accumulative installed wind power capacity reached 599 GW in 2018, and this has been increased by 7 % in 2019 to reach 645 GW [5]. Wind energy associated system technology development needs to be sustainable in order to support climate mitigation, economic benefits, and energy security [6]. Wind energy has a global technical potential five times the current global energy production (i. e. forty times the global electricity demand with the best-assumed scenario [7]. In this paper, it is aimed to the present status of renewables and specifically wind energy developments and to overlook the future of wind energy with the latest technology advancements. The research is to present the most promising technology i. e. the floating wind system as the future practical system for implementations. Fig. 1Jobs in renewable energy 2018 [3]. Fig. 2Global cumulative installed wind power capacity (MW) [4,5]. 2 Wind power to dominate power sector growth Different scenarios were outlined by the to suggest that wind energy systems could provide 20% of the global demand for electricity by 2030 [8]. As the targets state a completely decarbonised electricity supply before 2050, wind energy will have a major role on this target. 2110 GW generated capacity could be reached by 2030 which would be equivalent to 20% of the Global needs. It is expected to create more than 2. 4 million jobs with 3. 3 billion tonnes of CO2 emissions a year. An investment which reaches about €200 billion is expected within ten years [8]. This is to be supported by many key factors such as the dramatic decrease in the wind energy systems price which brightens the feasibility of the deployment of such systems which make it economically competitive. In addition, the recent advancement in those technologies and the developments in the smart grids could well be the new battery storage achievements.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Only teenagers are affected by mental health issues stemming from social media. [SEP] Text: 41, p < 0. 001], social media addiction [r (310) = 0. 30, p < 0. 001] and regular sporting [r (310) = 0. 22, p < 0. 001]. They were negatively correlated with proactive coping [r (310) = −0. 27, p < 0. 001]. Social media addiction was also significantly correlated with the included subscales of EDI, but these coefficients were smaller than those with the ORTO scale. The correlation between social media addiction and proactive coping [r (310) = −0. 30, p < 0. 01] was negative. It is also worth mentioning that regular sporting behavior was positively associated with EDI_drive for thinness [r (310) = 0. 17, p < 0. 01] and proactive coping as well [r (310) = 0. 15, p < 0. 01]. Table 2. Pearson correlations for association between the study variables (N = 310). of on tendency using multiple linear regression analysisTable 3 displays results for multiple linear regression estimates of the ORTO-15 score (ON tendency). Among eating disorder attitudes, drive for thinness showed the strongest contribution to ON tendency (β = 0. 54, p < 0. 001). In addition, feeling of ineffectiveness (β = 0. 11, p < 0. 05) and maturity fears (β = 0. 09, p < 0. 05) were also positively associated with the ORTO-15 score. Besides, social media addiction (β = 0. 13, p < 0. 05) and regular sporting (β = 0. 13, p < 0. 01) were significant predictors. Finally, proactive coping and BMI did not prove to be significant contributors. All these variables explained approximately 57% of the total variation in ORTO-15 score. The reliability of the models was further examined with VIF (Factor) indices and tolerance values. The VIF values were all within acceptable range (below 2). Table 3. Multiple linear regression results with enter method for ON tendency among female young adults (N = 310). present study examined the role of drive for thinness, ineffectiveness, maturity fears (as eating disorder attitudes), social media addiction, proactive coping, regular sporting activity and BMI in ON tendency, among a sample of Hungarian young women who were especially interested in healthy lifestyle.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Microclimates can create variations in weather over short distances. [SEP] Text: Paegle, 1998: Predictability of the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis model during austral summer. Mon. Wea. Rev. ,126, 3135–3152. Schemm, J. E. , H. Van den Dool, and S. Saha, 1996: A Multi-at NCEP. Preprints 11th Conf. on. Meteor. Soc. , 47–49. in gallery Fig. 1. Frequency response of Lanczos band-pass filters. The 30–70-day band is denoted intraseasonal type 1 (IS1), while variations of 10–30 days are designated intraseasonal type 2 (IS2). View in gallery Fig. 2. Mean geopotential height at 500 hPa (Z500) during austral summer (top). Contour interval is 20 m. Total standard deviation of Z500 (bottom). Contour interval is 5 m. View in gallery Fig. 3. Anomaly correlation between Z500 forecasts and verification fields. Skill is computed considering all days from the four austral summers during the DERF period. Skill is shown for 1, 4, 6, 8, and 11 days lead time. Correlations greater than 0. 50 are indicated by dark shading. View in gallery Fig. 4. (a) Mean outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) during austral summer (1 November–31 March). Contour interval is 5 W m−2 and shading indicates OLR is less than 220 W m−2. (b) Total OLR standard deviation during austral summer. Contour interval is 2. 5 W m−2 and shading indicates standard deviation greater than 20 W m−2. (c) Standard deviation of OLR anomalies for the IS1 type (30–70 days). Contour interval is 1. 0 W m−2 and shading indicates standard deviation greater than 10 W m−2. (d) Standard deviation of OLR anomalies for the IS2 type (10–30 days). Contour interval is 1. 0 W m−2 and shading indicates standard deviation greater than 15 W m−2. Region indicated with thick solid lines is used to characterize periods of strong (weak) convective activity over the (SACZ). View in gallery Fig. 5.

Output: pass