Input: Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: Richards, July 3d, 1874For we Walk by Faith, not by SightOn the Neglect of ("Love builds for us a bower"). Felton, Esq. , of BrookfieldOn the Increase of Crime since the of ManSailing on Cakes of Ice in the North River("Not unto men alone has come")of the First ChristiansOn the in New Grenadain Bloomthe Graves of Hawthorne and Thoreauthe Falls of Niagara, as Photographed by George BarkerKnowledge and TruthMt. Shasta: A Painting, by H. O. YoungSong: I Love the LightUs of Time and its DurationTake ye heed, watch and pray: for ye know not when the time is. Mark 13:33in PeabodyMan's Need of a Spiritual BirthOn some Eternals from a friend's gardenHymn: of the Righteous"Tuesday night, the schooner Weaver, of Glen Creek, N. J. , went to pieces near Sandy Hook, and her entire crew were lost": Transcript, March 22dof the at PhiladelphiaEvolutionCapt. Samuel CookOn the Beautiful Roses, In front of the Mansion of John Hodges, Esq. waiting at the Pasture GateSong: DayOn some blue and golden Columbines from Pike's Peak, ColoradoDesert of : at Seathe Reconciling Powera Day of FreedomHymn: Reflections at the Close of the Yearthe Clock Strike, in Harmony GroveThe Indians' Belief in a a Visible ObjectLove that Casts out FearMarks on our HillsState of the Wicked and its DurationFaith in the Resurrection ConfirmedSpring and Summer Flowersof the ColumbineMan's AccountabilityHymn: of of by MobsThe Barberry-? Know Thyself: Suggested by hearing Dr. A. E. Miller's Lectures on the "Agriculture the Source of Individual and National Prosperity"—Anne PrattPleasure ("With business haste, or with a worldly mind").

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The field of nutrigenomics explores the interaction between diet and genes. [SEP] Text: , [25] depicted cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), were associated with dyslipidemia in the peoples of Mexico, consume high amounts of carbohydrates and fats respectively. In addition, common variants of genes which regulate homocysteine metabolism, like methylene tetra hydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and methionine synthase (MTR), are linked with the increased risk for breast cancer among individuals who intakes lower amount of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 [26]. The status of show polymorphism among the population and have the ability to modulate various metabolism in the organism [27]. Interestingly, the SNPs of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene, affect the availability of vitamin D [28, 29], and results osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with low calcium intakes [30]. Moreover, SNPs in genes encoding lipid proteins such as apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) and apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) conferred a higher risk of metabolic syndrome in subjects with a Western dietary pattern [31, 32]. Likewise, an increased risk of hypertension and CVD was observed with moderate and heavy coffee drinkers which was associated a genetic variation in the cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2 (CYP1A2) gene [33, 34]. Additionally, studies using genetic risk scores (GRS) have been examined the cumulative effect of SNPs on diet interactions and susceptibility of diseases. Macronutrient is having the ability to modify the obesity GRS with greater values of adiposity [35]. Furthermore, obesity GRS interacted with the intake of sugar-sweetened beverages [36], and fried food consumption [37] in relation to BMI and obesity in several cohort studies. 4. 1 Nutrigenomics and obesityObesity is a chronic low-grade nutrition related inflammatory disorder and the important factor which is associated with a group of metabolic abnormalities/comorbidities commonly includes insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes, and a number of cancers [38, 39]. For the progression of obesity and the associated comorbidities are resultant of abnormal lifestyle leading habits, so here is the perfect place where nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics contribute their work to minimize obesity.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Edible insects are universally accepted by all cultures and dietary preferences. [SEP] Text: Monitoring the concentration of the volatile lipid oxidation products (VLOPs) revealed that lipid oxidation occurred during storage at 4oC and 50oC for both insect species dried at 40oC and 100oC. The high protein and mineral content of wild harvested insects justifies the current traditional insect value chain. AB - Edible insects are identified as a valuable source of proteins and micronutrients with the potential to contribute in alleviating malnutrition especially in developing countries where the practice is traditional. In these countries, the communities depend mostly on collection of the insects from the natural environments. Knowledge on the actual contribution of wild harvested insects to nutrition security is still limited as there are limited studies to this effect. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate how wild harvested edible insects can contribute to nutrition security in developing countries. In this study, we used two wild harvested edible insects (Eulepida mashona and Henicus whellani) consumed in Zimbabwe as case study. A survey on the consumption patterns of edible insects showed that that insect consumption was significantly higher in rural (89. 7%) than in urban (80. 0%) areas. Taste and nutritional value are the main motives of consumption for both rural and urban. Availability of edible insects influences both urban (64. 0%) and rural (83. 0%) respondents’ consumption of insects. Nutritional analysis that the protein content ranged between 52-56% (Eulepida mashona) and 59-70% (Henicus whellani), which is comparable to that of animal-based protein sources. Essential amino acids of both insect species did meet the WHO/FAO (277 mg/g protein) requirement for adult humans. The iron (24. 2- 52. 9mg/100g) and zinc content (10. 0-20. 9mg/100g) are high for both species. The fat content of both species was low (<10%), with PUFA/SFA and omega 6/3 ratios recommendable for a healthy diet. Raw insects had a higher protein in vitro digestibility than the boiled and roasted insects, and the maximal decrease in protein digestibility was around 25%. Iron was the least bioaccessible mineral in both insects. Eulepida mashona had a much higher iron bioaccessibility (30. 7%) as compared to Henicus whellani (8. 11%).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: Close sectionO heaven born muse! inspire my humble layThe earth is parched with heat, flowers droop and dieLines, Written on Reading Stuart's Account of of Slaves in CharlestonLines on Mount AuburnLines suggested by hearing the beach, at F. Peabody's Mills, South SalemHast thou ever heard the voice of nature'Ambitione inani pectus caret'What more delightful than to wander forthA by Mr J. Very, to be Sung at the Class-Supper of the of 1834Death of ("Goddess of pleasure, where thy golden car? ")Give me an eye, that manly deedsI saw a child, whose eyes had never drankcold thy lips my gentle boySpring ('Look! Winter now in trembling haste')The morn may lend its golden smile— On the Death of His FriendNorth RiverEheu! fugaces, Posthume, Posthume, Labuntur anniThe Humming-BirdNature ('I love to sit on the green hill's side')ReligionA Withered Leaf—seen on a Poet's ('Soon the silver chord is broken')Memory ('Soon the waves, so lightly bounding')'s of of 22d, 1836Song: For the of the of Harvard University, 1836's Dream: A BalladI murmur not though hard the lotFlowerThe moon was shining on the deckHome of my youth! Where first my lot was castHaunts of my youth farewell! A while I leaveand ('I love thee when thy swelling buds appear')('Nature, my love for thee is deeper far')of GodThe Wind-('Thou who keepst us each together')The Stranger's 'we live, & move, & have our being'and ('Father! thy wonders do not singly stand')The Slavefrom ('The Word!

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The field of nutrigenomics explores the interaction between diet and genes. [SEP] Text: Now the question which can be raised that is; whether all the individuals or populations are affected with obesity if obesogenic environment is provided; the answer is no, it is based on genetic variability and interaction with environmental factors according to Nakamura et al. , [40], Nettleton et al. , [41], Reddon et al. , [42]. With reference to this the obesogenic environment comprises dietary nutrients, age, gender, ethnicity, duration of sleep, amount of physical activity, sedentary behavior, stress, smoking, alcohol consumption, use of medication, and depression. So it is an conclusive evidence that environmental factors is the primary cause for obesity vis gene-nutrient-disease interaction. If an individual having a good dietary habit with specific timing throughout the day along with physical exercise of at least 30 min daily, then he/she can avoid such kind of metabolic disorder and its comorbidities. Nutrigenomics explain us the complex interactions of genome and its regulation differences among the obese phenotype that vary both within and across populations [43, 44, 45, 46]. However, Hill et al. [47] given a concept positive energy balance which include increased intake of energy, decreased energy output and results deposition of energy. In this concept energy is represented as calories, if the intake of energy from diet is greater than the output then it cause (i) resting metabolic rate, (ii) absorption and metabolism of dietary nutrients, (iii) heat production or thermogenesis, and (iv) physical activity, a state of positive energy balance results to promote deposition of triacylglycerol within adipose tissue. Likely, in vice-versa condition, a state of negative energy balance results to promote lipolysis of triacylglycerol and mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissue. In addition, Stockard [48] described a fact that environment has an immense impact in obesity. 100 years ago he stated that the embryo and fetus develops in mother's womb can show a dramatic variation in the phenotype without changing the genomic constitution of the offspring while providing a moderate environmental constraint during specific periods of time in the development of the embryo. Along with this findings a new concept is explains the science working behind this i. e. epigenetic changes associated with obesity. Goldberg et al. , [49] demonstrate the prenatal and early postnatal periods have a critical role in the developmental induction of obesity.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Seabed mining could reduce the need for land-based mining in some regions. [SEP] Text: In the intervening years, scientists have increasingly been warning about the serious environmental risks of mining seabed minerals. At this pivotal point in time, when states are negotiating whether or not to allow seabed mining, this essay explores the risk of undermining by mining, that is, contravening international marine environmental law and the obligations and responsibilities of states thereunder by allowing commercial mining activities to commence. We argue that allowing seabed mining in the Area at this juncture, when so much about the deep ocean remains unknown, would risk frustrating a host of measures, achievements, and progress to enhance marine environmental protection, particularly in areas beyond national jurisdiction. We begin with an overview of the ISA and its work to date, before discussing potential interactions between seabed mining and marine environmental law and policies, with a particular focus on the new ocean biodiversity agreement. We conclude by urging states to take cognizance of their overarching duty to protect and preserve the marine environment and ensure that all decisions taken with respect to seabed mining are consistent with their obligations and responsibilities under international law. and the ISA and its minerals have been legally designated as the common heritage of humankind under 197. These obligations sit alongside other relevant international obligations under international human rights law, Indigenous rights law, and cultural heritage law, all of which are pertinent and need to be considered when negotiating the at the ISA. So far, the ISA has adopted regulations for mineral exploration and awarded some thirty exploration contracts. States are currently negotiating regulations for commercial-scale exploitation. Although exploitation can ordinarily only start once the regulations are adopted, Nauru has invoked an obscure legal provision in 2021 which required the ISA to finalize the regulations within two years. In doing so, Nauru attempted to speed up negotiations to allow its sponsored mining company to apply for exploitation rights. Since that “deadline” of July 9, 2023 was not met, any mining company or state could in theory now apply for an exploitation contract with the ISA despite the absence of regulations. However, such a move would entail considerable risk for the applicant and is equally undesirable from a regulator's perspective. Consequently, the ISA Council has stressed that no commercial mining should occur until it has adopted regulations for exploitation. Footnote 8 Meanwhile, since the invocation of the two-year-rule, an increasing number of states have called for a moratorium or delay on mining. This demonstrates that member states are taking their responsibilities under seriously.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: it cannot fail; it ever speaks')Worship ("There is no worship now—the idol stands")of Lifeof the ("There is a winter in the godless heart")'s and the at ('I saw the city, 'twas not built by hands')The CrossNature ('Nature would speak through her first master man')and meat and drinkForgive me my trespassesin HeartThe ComplaintWhither shall I go from thy Spiritshall be LastThe LaborerThy Brother's of are passed away('They love me not, who at my table eat')The CityThe RoseFaith ('There is no faith; the mountain stands within')The JewSpring ('The stem that long has borne the wintry blast')and The EndNature ('The bubbling brook doth leap when I come by')! The Sign('I too will wait with thee returning spring')('Father! help them who walk in their own light')notice other days were pages givenThe CrocusThe PlantI am the WayThe kingdom of within you('There is no sound but thou dost hear my voice')The PreacherCome unto meFlee to the mountainsBlessed are they that mournFaith ('Hast thou but faith thou shalt the mountain bid')Redeeming the TimeTis FinishedEffortTo the pure all things are pureThe TaskSpring ('I have not lived the flesh has hedged me in')('The plant it springs it rears its drooping head')('Come thou and labor with me I will give')('The words I give thee they are not thine own')Joy ('The joy Thou giv'st no man can take away')HopeReliefJoy ('Thou hast a moon for every cloudy night')('I come the rushing wind that shook the place')of is every one who is born of the spiritThe SeedI am the Light of the the Bread of shall all the tribes of the earth mournRepent for the kingdom of Heaven is at handthe you is born a SaviourThe RedeemedHallowed be they NameTo him who overcomethof the Templeof as the World giveth('Open our eyes that we the world may see')Thy Father's HouseJacob's Wellof ('The voice that speaks when thou art in thy tomb')and ('Why are thou not awake my son? ')('not visit me?

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The field of nutrigenomics explores the interaction between diet and genes. [SEP] Text: Here, the epigenetics performed the lead role, during early nutritional environment of the fetus can increase the susceptibility to develop obesity in later life. Epigenetics can induce a heritable changes in gene expression without altering the gene sequences, it is basically the integral regulating and determining factor of when and where specific genes are expressed. The detail methylation pattern of epigenetics was depicted by Bird, [50], he noted that methylation at the 5´position of cytosine in DNA within a CpG (cytosine and guanine nucleotides linked by phosphate) dinucleotide is very common in mammalian genomes and leave a stable epigenetic mark which is transmitted through DNA replication and cell division. This de novo methylation is catalysed by DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts) 3a and 3b, and maintained through mitosis by gene-specific methylation of hemimethylated DNA by Dnmt1 [51]. Furthermore, different experiments done by various scientist describes versatile experiences related to obesity. Some evidential facts revealed by nutrigenomic scientists that if a new born with lower birth weight means the baby have reduced fat mass. Infants with lower birth weight who undergo early catch-up growth which is characterized by greater accumulation of fat relative to lean body mass have an increased risk of becoming obese in later life compared with those born at higher birth weights [52, 53, 54]. Similarly, in another experiment Singhal et al. , [55], Singhal, [56] reported that infants born with lower birth weight having an catch-up growth were fed formula milk show increased risk of cardio-vascular disease in later life. A number of studies revealed that there is a greater chance of incidence of obesity in adults who were fed formula milk as compared to breast fed during infancy [57, 58], but exception are also there who were not fitted into this condition [59]. 4. 2 Nutrigenomics and cardiovascular disease (CVD)Cardiovascular disease (CVD), basically a heart disease affecting the heart and blood vessels includes arteries, capillaries, and veins. The CAD disease includes atherosclerotic, coronary and ischemic heart diseases, individuals carrying such diseases having plaques throughout the inner walls of arteries and leads to heart attacks. While age, gender and genomic constitution are an immutable risk factors for the occurrence of CVD, modifiable risk factors play a major role in the causation and progression of the disease.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Seabed mining could reduce the need for land-based mining in some regions. [SEP] Text: Interaction with decision whether, and under what conditions, to mine the deep seafloor does not occur in a vacuum. Indeed, as recognized under all ocean issues are “interrelated and need to be considered as a whole. ”Footnote 9 While governance of our ocean commons is notoriously fragmented, most of the 168 member states of the ISA are bound by a raft of international legal obligations beyond. These obligations are binding in their own right. Their importance is indeed recognized in 2030. 14 (titled “life below water”) of Agenda 2030 to “conserve and sustainably use the oceans,” for example, requires an integrated approach to ocean governance. However, progress toward Goal 14 has been very slow,Footnote 19 and has been described as a “round and inclusive failure. ”Footnote 20 Given its potentially serious environmental impacts, seabed mining would further undermine any hope of meeting Goal 14. Indeed, with the current lack of scientific knowledge and in the absence of legitimacy for seabed mining activities, it may be reckless to label seabed mining as “sustainable” or to brand it as capable of advancing Agenda 2030 and the Goals. In the Spotlight: and the Biodiversity (BBNJ) the previous section illustrates, seabed mining could negatively affect a range of legal and policy commitments. What is particularly noteworthy is how seabed mining could undermine the objectives of a major new treaty, which is the culmination of over twenty years of work, and which was finally adopted in 2023. Once it enters into force, the Agreement on the Conservation and of Diversity of (BBNJ Agreement) seeks to turn a corner in the decline in ocean health we have had to witness over the preceding decades. recognizes “the need to address, in a coherent and cooperative manner, biological diversity loss and degradation of ecosystems of the ocean. ”Footnote 21 Specifically, the BBNJ Agreement offers a procedural and institutional framework for: (1) creating marine protected areas and other area-based management tools on the high seas and the Area; (2) conducting environmental impact assessments for any activity that “may cause substantial pollution of or significant and harmful changes to the marine environment”;Footnote 22 (3) access and benefit sharing of marine genetic resources; and (4) capacity building and technology transfer. These four packages together are designed to maintain and restore ecosystem integrity in our ocean.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: ')-ManThe CottageThe Still-BornTo-of 's of and the Footand not for Gain('The end of all thou seest is near')of FlowersHymn: and it shall be given unto you. from WithinThou know'st not what thy Lord will sayof the JustDeathThe Birth-Day of the SoulHiveTime's Houseand the BirdFaith and Light('where is it? hath it voice')('Stay where thou art, thou need'st not further go')'s Island Lightof Godof the BooksThe Robin's ('Tis all a great show')on Reading the Death of Rev. Henry Ware, Jr. BrightGod's at the ('There are towers; where they are')ye sow, so shall ye reap's RetortThe WidowImpatienceAbdolonymus—'s by FaithSalem ("Boast not, my native spot, thy sons were first")Spring in the SoulNature's InvitationChrist's CompassionHymn: Nevertheless, when the Son of Man cometh, shall he find faith on the earth? :8of 'to LiveThe Indian's the late in 's : Suggested by an EngravingThoughts and DesiresHymn ('As by the quickening breath of Spring')The Soul's : of the Rev. James Flint, D. D. , On reading his Collection of on the of J. Esq. July 22d, 1853the at the Thompson Jubilee, at Barre, Jany. 12, 1854: Sung at the Celebration of the Fourth of July, in Salem, 1854? To the Memory of the Rev. James Flint, D. D. and WorldlyHymn: So also will God, through Jesus, bring with him them who sleep'Blessed are they that mourn: for they shall be comforted' Math. 5:4To the Memory of the Rev. of -cleave not to the things of earth's the Rev. C. H. A. Dall, in IndiaHymn: Sung at the Dedication of Plummer Hall, Salem, Oct.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The field of nutrigenomics explores the interaction between diet and genes. [SEP] Text: Some of the extra risk factors which is very common now a days due to busy and stressful life schedule like hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, thrombosis and smoking is a causative agent of CVD. Analyzing the complexity of the etiology of CVD outlined here Juma et al. , [60] narrate some dietary recommendation for CVD prevention based on individuals genetic constitutions. In nutrigenomics diet is considered as environmental factors and which has a direct relationship with the development of chronic diseases, the CVD is not aloof of that. It's a well established fact proved by scientists that the personalized diet composition has a strong risk factor for development of CVD [61, 62, 63, 64]. Obesity, itself is a curse in human population and is a leading risk factor to develop cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and a number of cancers which is already discussed. In this context, to maintain the energy balance several polymorphic genes are involved to control the development of CVD in certain “favorable” or “unfavorable” condition [65]. Moreover, Lusis, [61] describes the role of atherosclerosis in the pathogenesis of CVD, it constitutes the key element and can be regarded as a complex combination of lipid transport and metabolism disorder with chronic inflammation. The levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides elevated permanently in the blood plasma which is causative agent for the development of atherosclerotic plagues, whereas increased levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) i. e. cholesterol showed a protective role [65]. Genes responsible for encoding the apolipoproteins can be regulated by some signaling agents like hormones and enzymes but, it show differential sensitivity in population to develop cardiovascular diseases. In this context, individuals carrying the allele E4 of the apolipoprotein E gene show higher low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (bad cholesterol) levels with increased intake of dietary fat as compared to those who carrying the E1, E2 andE3 alleles having equivalent amounts of dietary fat [66]. AG to A transition in the promoter of APOA1 gene is associated with increased HDL-cholesterol concentration but the results across studies are not consistent [67]. Whereas, Ordovas et al. [68] found that the allele A was associated with the decreased serum HDL levels.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Seabed mining could reduce the need for land-based mining in some regions. [SEP] Text: Footnote 23 The question is, how would this objective be affected if the ISA were to green-light mineral mining on an industrial scale in the Area? Given the multitude of warnings expressed by marine scientists, it is clear that allowing seabed mining to go ahead with present technology and extraction methods, which are highly likely to cause significant and widespread environmental harm, would undermine the objectives of the BBNJ Agreement. Moreover, deciding to mine the seafloor would inadvertently undermine other uses of the deep ocean, such as bioprospecting for marine genetic resources, which is regulated by the BBNJ Agreement, and which has proven invaluable in medical research and the development of pharmaceutical products. Marine genetic resources occur in similar areas to some seafloor minerals but may be destroyed or significantly impacted by mining in their habitat. This sort of user or “land-use” conflict carries significant consequences for how we manage the deep ocean, what benefits humans derive from it, and who gets to decide these questions. applies to both the high seas and the Area. It, thus, spatially overlaps with the jurisdiction of the ISA. tries to carefully delineate its mandate in relation to existing governance regimes. 2023. Belgium went as far as proposing that seabed mining should not be allowed until the target of protecting thirty percent of the ocean (including in areas beyond national jurisdiction) is achieved. Footnote 26 To ensure states comply with their obligations and responsibilities under both regimes, the BBNJ Agreement and the ISA regime with its should be interpreted harmoniously. One such interpretation was delivered in a 2023 legal opinion by a group of barristers who argued that “international law requires States to cooperate to ensure that [mineral] exploitation of the Area does not proceed unless it can be carried out without risking significant harm to the marine environment. ”Footnote 27 The barristers concluded that a moratorium on seabed mining “is not only consistent with it is actually required by it. ”Footnote 28 It must be highlighted that allowing mining through the ISA in spite of the potential dangers may expose member states to collective liability, given the erga omnes nature of the obligation to protect the marine environment in areas beyond national jurisdiction. Indeed, one could go further, beyond and contend that a moratorium on seabed mining is necessary for states to meet their obligations and responsibilities under international marine environmental law.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: 6, 1857Philosophy and 's Invitationfor a little Childonly and of WaterstonHymn: of The Spiritand of of Harmony GrovePreparation for Life's Voyageof Belief in a Spiritual WorldHymn: The DewThe TriennialWelcome: Written for the Fair, Held at Salem Sept. 4th, 1860The Child's reading the Memorial of BrowneHymn ("Not tears alone for natural grief")One generation passeth away, and another generation cometh: but the earth abideth for ever. Ecclesiastes 1:4What of Our Country? of not: for they that are with us are more than they that are with them. 2 Kings 6:16Hymn: Nature's Sympathy with FreedomChrist's The Garden: A ParaphraseSong: a on ImaginationSunset in Derby's Woodsare destroyed for lack of Knowledge. —Hosea 4:6Autumn FlowersHymn ("From out its large estate")The Poet's the Built by the Puritans in 1634Aurelia of : of Jonah ii. 9("I sought the flowers, but o'er them lay")Shall put on ImmortalityHymn: to 's ("A nobler unity, than that which came"): of LifeMan's Of PeaceHymn: Life of Humanityof Flora, On the grounds of R. the Unitarian Festival, in Faneuil Hall, May 26th 1863of LibertyHymn: Our Country's a Liveat the Church DoorHealth of Body dependent on the of the Mississippi Valleyof John Foster: "I Can Pray, And That's a Glorious Thing"Home and of Shakespeare's BirthdayHymn: of the Righteous EasyUntimely ArgumentsHymn ("In the shock of mighty armies")of : Christ's Invitation in theW. Felt Esq. New Type-of Libby Prison: Related by Capt. 's at the Eulogy on June 1st 1865Soul-SicknessSong of SpringSensibility to the Beauty and Fragrance of FlowersThe Word? of the : of Dew? Job 38:28"It is vain to say, that this is the country of the 'white man. ' It is the country of man. " 'O Lord, How Long?

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The field of nutrigenomics explores the interaction between diet and genes. [SEP] Text: The genetic effect was reversed, however, in women who ate more polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). In men, this type of fat effect was significant when alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking was considered in the analysis. Also specific polymorphism in genes encoding lipid transport proteins, their receptors, and lipid-processing enzymes and inflammation related proteins were shown to be associated with the characteristic changes in blood lipid concentrations [69, 70, 71, 72, 73]. To prevent or treat CVD an intense debate/discussion has been taking place for best dietary plan where the composition of macronutrients, the percentage of total fat along with different fatty acids presents are important [74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79]. Likewise, the source or origin of diet's composition is very essential, for e. g. , individuals taken monounsaturated fatty acids from olive oils are different from monounsaturated fatty acids intake from meat and other foods of animal origin [79, 80]. Similarly, there is lots of controversy over the best origin and type (omega-6 and omega-3 series) of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) as reported by Jakobsen et al. , [79] and Russo, [81] for prevention or treatment of CVD. In a same platform and same type of case study done by Shai et al. , [82] and Sacks et al. , [83] for controlling body weight and cardiovascular related risk factors where emphasis is given on to take high carbohydrate, low fat diet in comparison to high fat, low carbohydrate diet. In 1965, Keys et al, [84] in their study stated that it was an individual's “intrinsic characteristics” which controls the effect of diet in plasma concentrations of cholesterol, is an variable factor for person to person. Based on the facts, nutrition related counseling focused on weight reduction and normalization of lipid profiles through diet, exercise, and medication for the prevention of CVD. 4. 3 Nutrigenomics and Diabetes mellitusDiabetes mellitus (DM), a group of metabolic diseases, results from defects in insulin secretion and insulin activity or both which is characterized by hyperglycemia. Georgoulis et al. [85] reported that due to this metabolic disease DM, various organs like blood vessels, heart and kidneys are dysfunction and/or failure, and now a days this disease is considered a global burden [86].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Seabed mining could reduce the need for land-based mining in some regions. [SEP] Text: In addition, states that support the imminent commencement of seabed mining may face domestic legal challenges on the grounds of incompatibility with their legal obligations under marine environmental law as incorporated into domestic law. Recent cases involving climate litigation brought by civil society, in which courts have required governments to set more ambitious binding climate targets to meet their international obligations, may serve as a precedent for such possible instances of future ocean litigation. Footnote 29 Lastly, states could also face political repercussions or reputational harm for supporting seabed mining despite being conscious of its significant environmental risks and current incompatibility with cultural and human rights obligations under international law, as explored in other essays in this Unbound symposium. For these reasons, we argue that states are well-advised to refrain from supporting seabed mining for the time being and instead prioritize their existing international obligations relating to ocean health. we have sought to demonstrate, there are many tensions between seabed mining and international marine environmental law. While the drafters of could not have foreseen this, current scientific knowledge suggests that seabed mining could single-handedly threaten the growing global commitment to protect our ocean commons as well as risk adversely affecting just about all other uses of the marine environment, from fishing to submarine cables, bioprospecting, and cultural heritage. It is worth recalling here that the decisionmakers at all the relevant fora are states, and they are, largely speaking, the same states. In other words, if one regime overrides the other, that may also reflect a contradiction in policies and ambition within individual governments. For an ocean, biodiversity and climate emergency, governments cannot afford to be schizophrenic and take inconsistent approaches in different global fora. Until and unless the member states of the ISA are convinced that deep seabed mining activities can be conducted in compliance with their international legal obligations, backed by science, and deliver net benefit to humankind as a whole, they should refrain from allowing extraction activities to proceed. Failure to do so might result in states finding themselves in violation of their responsibilities under international law. Simultaneously, states should ensure that decisions taken at the ISA do not contradict or weaken ocean conservation efforts undertaken elsewhere. To mine or to not undermine, that is the question that the ISA member states need to convincingly answer. authors gratefully acknowledge excellent research assistance by Caitlin Turner. 145. 3 3 Id. Art. 137(2). 4 4 Id. Art. 140(1).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: 'Our Soldiers' upon the HeartNecessary for the Voyage of LifeSonnet ("I gazed upon the silent burial-ground")Nature's Help for the SoulNature a 's GroveOctober ("All day, admist the forests' splendor bright")and the Statesmanof Science, And of of the Springof TimeMotherHymn: of the SpiritHymn ("Admist the pastures green")of the come the Dead? 's TreasuresClose sectionSonnets on Reconstruction I. A Nation's. . IV. ("A unity complete, assured, and high") Reflections on the History of and the of at the Dedication of the of Science, Salem, Aug. 18, 1869have hoarded up treasure in the last days. —James 5:3Hymn: BodyHymn: of a Mother's surprises and the capture of capitals, are the events of a by-gone age. D'-'s SongsHymn, Sung at the of the Society, Salem. April 21, 1871of History Unlearnedof The GentilesTo a CloudThe Child's Dream of Reaching the 's of WinterInterpreting God's of MayOn the of the Christian Church, The Catholic, the Protestant, and the GreekO'Clock Bell"Are there Few that be Saved? " Luke 13:23the from Cook's Hill, in West PeabodySigns in the Natural WorldA Walk in Harmony Groveof Jabezof the FlowerDanvers Burying-GroundHymn ("He loveth not! he knows not God! ")Norman's RocksOn visiting the beautiful estate of H. H. Hunnewell, Esq. , at Wellesleyof a little child shall lead them. Isaiah XI. 6of RainOn the front of the house of the late Capt. Robert W. GouldOctober ("How beautiful the sight of woods still fair")Builders: the work of the late J. W. FosterBlessed are they that mourn: for they shall be comfortedThere shall be one Flock, one Shepherdof Salem: Illustrated by George M. WhiteColumbines and Anemonesin WinterReverenceInward PhenomenaTo the Memory of of the a Lichen from North Cape: Gathered by Mr. J. M.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The field of nutrigenomics explores the interaction between diet and genes. [SEP] Text: This is in accordance with the Follow-also suggested that higher consumption of anthocyanins, particularly from pears, apples and blueberries, were inversely associated with T2DM [99]. Caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid (present in coffee) and ferulic acid (esterified to hemicelluloses in cereals) are the most common phenolic acids [96]. An inverse result with caffeinated, decaffeinated coffee and caffeine intake with T2DM in a dose-response manner (1–6 cups/day), compared with no or rare coffee consumption was observed in different epidemiological studies, which support the hypothesis i. e. habitual coffee consumption is associated with a substantially lower risk of T2DM [100, 101]. Resveratrol (trans-3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene) is a natural phenol act as an phytoalexins, found in the skin of grapes, blueberries, mulberries, raspberries, peanutsand red wine, helps in reducing the complications of diabetes in many organs and tissues including liver and pancreatic β-cells and in different diabetic animal models [102]. It also improve the glucose homeostasis and give protection to pancreatic β-cells. It has an important role in insulin secretion and amelioration of metabolic disorders [103]. Whereas, Afzal et al. , [104] depicted that lower vitamin D levels represent a risk factor for incident of T2DM in humans. However, the levels of hypovitamin D along with increased levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is an independent predictor of β-cell dysfunction, insulin receptor and glycemia [105]. Patients with T2DM with established hypovitaminosis improve glycaemia and insulin secretion by replenishment, not only through a direct action on pancreatic β-cell function but also via regulation of plasma calcium levels, which regulate insulin synthesis and secretion [106, 107]. 4. 4 Nutrigenomics and cancerCancer is a multiple stages process in which gene expression, and protein and metabolite function begin to run aberrantly [108]. In today's genomic era, the cellular events which intercede the activation of carcinogenesis upon modulation by dietary factors, has led to flow of significant information which helped in understanding of this disease [109]. Cancer susceptibility may increase due to inherited mutations in genes.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Seabed mining has no impact on marine life or ecosystems. [SEP] Text: Undermining by Mining? Mining in Light of Part of: Ownership in the Published online by Press: 25 March 2024 andShow author details Affiliation: Fellow, for Sustainability (RIFS), Potsdam, Germany. Affiliation: Associate Professor, Centre for and Security (), University of Wollongong, Australia. 0. 09 mb) View PDF [Opens in a new window] Save to to Save to & Permissions [Opens in a new window] forty years ago, the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 () created an unusual regime for states to collectively manage common natural resources on the international seabed beyond national jurisdiction (known as “the Area”) through the Authority (ISA). In the intervening years, scientists have increasingly been warning about the serious environmental risks of mining seabed minerals. At this pivotal point in time, when states are negotiating whether or not to allow seabed mining, this essay explores the risk of undermining by mining, that is, contravening international marine environmental law and the obligations and responsibilities of states thereunder by allowing commercial mining activities to commence. We argue that allowing seabed mining in the Area at this juncture, when so much about the deep ocean remains unknown, would risk frustrating a host of measures, achievements, and progress to enhance marine environmental protection, particularly in areas beyond national jurisdiction. We begin with an overview of the ISA and its work to date, before discussing potential interactions between seabed mining and marine environmental law and policies, with a particular focus on the new ocean biodiversity agreement. We conclude by urging states to take cognizance of their overarching duty to protect and preserve the marine environment and ensure that all decisions taken with respect to seabed mining are consistent with their obligations and responsibilities under international law. , 2024 10. 1017/aju. 2024. 8 [Opens in a new window] This is an 4. 0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © The Author(s) 2024. Published by Press for Society of Some forty years ago, the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 () created an unusual regime for states to collectively manage common natural resources on the international seabed beyond national jurisdiction (known as “the Area”) through the Authority (ISA).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: Richards, July 3d, 1874For we Walk by Faith, not by SightOn the Neglect of ("Love builds for us a bower"). Felton, Esq. , of BrookfieldOn the Increase of Crime since the of ManSailing on Cakes of Ice in the North River("Not unto men alone has come")of the First ChristiansOn the in New Grenadain Bloomthe Graves of Hawthorne and Thoreauthe Falls of Niagara, as Photographed by George BarkerKnowledge and TruthMt. Shasta: A Painting, by H. O. YoungSong: I Love the LightUs of Time and its DurationTake ye heed, watch and pray: for ye know not when the time is. Mark 13:33in PeabodyMan's Need of a Spiritual BirthOn some Eternals from a friend's gardenHymn: of the Righteous"Tuesday night, the schooner Weaver, of Glen Creek, N. J. , went to pieces near Sandy Hook, and her entire crew were lost": Transcript, March 22dof the at PhiladelphiaEvolutionCapt. Samuel CookOn the Beautiful Roses, In front of the Mansion of John Hodges, Esq. waiting at the Pasture GateSong: DayOn some blue and golden Columbines from Pike's Peak, ColoradoDesert of : at Seathe Reconciling Powera Day of FreedomHymn: Reflections at the Close of the Yearthe Clock Strike, in Harmony GroveThe Indians' Belief in a a Visible ObjectLove that Casts out FearMarks on our HillsState of the Wicked and its DurationFaith in the Resurrection ConfirmedSpring and Summer Flowersof the ColumbineMan's AccountabilityHymn: of of by MobsThe Barberry-? Know Thyself: Suggested by hearing Dr. A. E. Miller's Lectures on the "Agriculture the Source of Individual and National Prosperity"—Anne PrattPleasure ("With business haste, or with a worldly mind").

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The field of nutrigenomics explores the interaction between diet and genes. [SEP] Text: Gene diet interaction may increase the risk of developing cancer. Endogenous reactions, such as oxidations or from exogenous agents, sunlight exposure (skin cancer), such as tobacco smoke (lung cancer), aflatoxin (liver cancer), and relatively high doses of ionizing radiations (many types of cancers) [110] induces cancer. It is mandatory to have communication between nutrition, metabolism, and gene expression for upholding body homeostasis. Human genome and nutrition jointly interacts to do the same. Individual’s health condition and susceptibility to disease may get affected due to this [111]. Nutrient regulates transcription factors at the molecular level which then modifies the gene expression (up or down), consequently to adjust the metabolic responses [112]. Diet is a blend of protective, carcinogenic, and mutagenic agents all together and are metabolized by the enzymes of biotransformation process. Risk of developing cancer can be modified through genetic polymorphisms that change protein expression or the function of these enzymes. Foods ingested by humans are proposed to contain more than 25,000 [113]. Role of different bioactive food ingredients in cancer pathogenesis has been studied and found that, among these, more than 500 types of bioactive food ingredients is proved to be possible predisposing agents. For carcinogens, diet is considered as a source (intrinsic or cooking-generated) present in certain foods or constituents acting in a protective manner (vitamins, antioxidants, detoxifying enzyme-activating substances, etc. ) [114]. Carcinogen metabolism affecting polymorphisms may modify probability of contact between carcinogens and target cells, thus acting at the stage of cancer initiation [65]. In hormone dependent tumors such as breast, prostate, ovarian and endometrial cancers, influences of polymorphisms of gene encoding factors involved in hormonal regulation are most strongly manifested. Polymorphisms in sex hormone receptor genes comprising those encoding estrogen receptors, progesterone receptor, and androgen receptor have been shown to be associated with cancer risk modulation [65]. Hormonal regulation can be influenced on interaction with dietary factors. Obesity has strongly impact on hormonal status. Apparently, some food components, such as phytoestrogens are known to be processed by the pathways similar as sex hormones [115]. There are various examples of the effects of diet on cancer risk. High consumption of red meat increase the risk of colorectal cancer [66].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Seabed mining has no impact on marine life or ecosystems. [SEP] Text: In the intervening years, scientists have increasingly been warning about the serious environmental risks of mining seabed minerals. At this pivotal point in time, when states are negotiating whether or not to allow seabed mining, this essay explores the risk of undermining by mining, that is, contravening international marine environmental law and the obligations and responsibilities of states thereunder by allowing commercial mining activities to commence. We argue that allowing seabed mining in the Area at this juncture, when so much about the deep ocean remains unknown, would risk frustrating a host of measures, achievements, and progress to enhance marine environmental protection, particularly in areas beyond national jurisdiction. We begin with an overview of the ISA and its work to date, before discussing potential interactions between seabed mining and marine environmental law and policies, with a particular focus on the new ocean biodiversity agreement. We conclude by urging states to take cognizance of their overarching duty to protect and preserve the marine environment and ensure that all decisions taken with respect to seabed mining are consistent with their obligations and responsibilities under international law. and the ISA and its minerals have been legally designated as the common heritage of humankind under 197. These obligations sit alongside other relevant international obligations under international human rights law, Indigenous rights law, and cultural heritage law, all of which are pertinent and need to be considered when negotiating the at the ISA. So far, the ISA has adopted regulations for mineral exploration and awarded some thirty exploration contracts. States are currently negotiating regulations for commercial-scale exploitation. Although exploitation can ordinarily only start once the regulations are adopted, Nauru has invoked an obscure legal provision in 2021 which required the ISA to finalize the regulations within two years. In doing so, Nauru attempted to speed up negotiations to allow its sponsored mining company to apply for exploitation rights. Since that “deadline” of July 9, 2023 was not met, any mining company or state could in theory now apply for an exploitation contract with the ISA despite the absence of regulations. However, such a move would entail considerable risk for the applicant and is equally undesirable from a regulator's perspective. Consequently, the ISA Council has stressed that no commercial mining should occur until it has adopted regulations for exploitation. Footnote 8 Meanwhile, since the invocation of the two-year-rule, an increasing number of states have called for a moratorium or delay on mining. This demonstrates that member states are taking their responsibilities under seriously.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: No one left behind: has the pursuit of FP2020’s 120 million additional. . . ALL Metrics - to cite this 10. 12688/gatesopenres. 13339. 2) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all 2030. org) author: Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information: This work was supported by the Bill and Foundation (INV-007490). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Copyright: © 2022 et al. This is an open access 10. 12688/gatesopenres. 13339. 2) First published: 28 Jul 2021, 5:114 ( Latest published: 28 Jan 2022, 5:114 ( from Version 1 We included additional rational in the methods section on why we opted to use modern contraceptive prevalence over other family planning indicators such as unmet need and demand satisfied. We also edited our discussion section where we included additional details around the limitations of this analysis. Finally, we edited the wealth graphic (Figure 2) and education graphic (Figure 4) with detailed captions that provide additional descriptions on how to interpret the visualizations. We included additional rational in the methods section on why we opted to use modern contraceptive prevalence over other family planning indicators such as unmet need and demand satisfied. We also edited our discussion section where we included additional details around the limitations of this analysis. Finally, we edited the wealth graphic (Figure 2) and education graphic (Figure 4) with detailed captions that provide additional descriptions on how to interpret the visualizations. See the authors' detailed response to the review by See the authors' detailed response to the review by 2012 at the on Family Planning, key family planning partners came together to reinvigorate the family planning movement and accelerate progress toward universal access to family planning. The summit led to the creation of the 2020 partnership (FP2020) with the aim of improving access to voluntary family planning information and services and enable 120 million additional women to use modern contraceptives in 69 focus countries by 2020. Many in the family planning community welcomed the new commitments of aid from donors, new commitments by country governments, and the push to bolster family planning as a development priority; however, there were also concerns about the focus on numbers of contraceptive users and a global goal1,2.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The field of nutrigenomics explores the interaction between diet and genes. [SEP] Text: N-Acetyl transferase (NAT) exists in two forms: NAT1 and NAT2, it is a phase II metabolism enzyme. Several polymorphisms exist in NAT1 and NAT2, some of them are capable of slow, intermediate, or fast acetylations. amines found in heated products like cooked red meat get through acetylation by NAT. On cooking of muscle meat at high temperature, some amino acids may react with creatinine to generate heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAA). Acetylation activates HAA to reactive metabolites which bind DNA and cause cancers. This acetylation can only be performed by NAT2 fast acetylators. People who consumed relatively large quantities of red meat with NAT fast acetylator genotype had a higher risk of developing colon cancer in them [66]. Specific dietary irritants, such as salts and preservatives have been suggested as being carcinogens for gastric cancer [116]. C667T polymorphism in MTHFR gene which reduces enzymatic activity is inversely associated with occurrence of colorectal cancer. Less consumption of folate, vitamin B12, vitamin B6 or methionine in diet are associated with increased risk for cancer in CC or TT phenotype of MTHFR gene [117]. It has also been found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals attack DNA bases, resulting in potential mistranscription of DNA sequence [118]. Such disruptions can interfere with DNA replication and thus produce mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. ROS can also result in breakage of DNA strand, resulting in mutations or deletions of genetic material [119]. Dietary fibers have a protective effect against bowel cancer [120]. Growth of colonic tumors in both in vitro and in vivo systems gets inhibited on consumption of fish oil which is rich in omega-3 fatty acids [121, 122, 123]. Fruits and vegetables rich in bioactive components can prevent carcinogenesis by several mechanisms such as blocking metabolic activation through increasing detoxification. Detoxification enzymes as flavonoids, phenols, isothiocyanates, allyl sulfur compounds, indoles, and selenium can be modulated on consuming plant foods [124, 125].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Seabed mining has no impact on marine life or ecosystems. [SEP] Text: Interaction with decision whether, and under what conditions, to mine the deep seafloor does not occur in a vacuum. Indeed, as recognized under all ocean issues are “interrelated and need to be considered as a whole. ”Footnote 9 While governance of our ocean commons is notoriously fragmented, most of the 168 member states of the ISA are bound by a raft of international legal obligations beyond. These obligations are binding in their own right. Their importance is indeed recognized in 2030. 14 (titled “life below water”) of Agenda 2030 to “conserve and sustainably use the oceans,” for example, requires an integrated approach to ocean governance. However, progress toward Goal 14 has been very slow,Footnote 19 and has been described as a “round and inclusive failure. ”Footnote 20 Given its potentially serious environmental impacts, seabed mining would further undermine any hope of meeting Goal 14. Indeed, with the current lack of scientific knowledge and in the absence of legitimacy for seabed mining activities, it may be reckless to label seabed mining as “sustainable” or to brand it as capable of advancing Agenda 2030 and the Goals. In the Spotlight: and the Biodiversity (BBNJ) the previous section illustrates, seabed mining could negatively affect a range of legal and policy commitments. What is particularly noteworthy is how seabed mining could undermine the objectives of a major new treaty, which is the culmination of over twenty years of work, and which was finally adopted in 2023. Once it enters into force, the Agreement on the Conservation and of Diversity of (BBNJ Agreement) seeks to turn a corner in the decline in ocean health we have had to witness over the preceding decades. recognizes “the need to address, in a coherent and cooperative manner, biological diversity loss and degradation of ecosystems of the ocean. ”Footnote 21 Specifically, the BBNJ Agreement offers a procedural and institutional framework for: (1) creating marine protected areas and other area-based management tools on the high seas and the Area; (2) conducting environmental impact assessments for any activity that “may cause substantial pollution of or significant and harmful changes to the marine environment”;Footnote 22 (3) access and benefit sharing of marine genetic resources; and (4) capacity building and technology transfer. These four packages together are designed to maintain and restore ecosystem integrity in our ocean.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: Advocates pointed toward family planning’s past experiences of coercion and targets, warning that the FP2020 goal could lead to a focus on numbers and prioritization of easier to reach populations. One outcome of this early concern was a call by the family planning community for a clear focus on rights and empowerment as guiding principles of the FP2020 partnership3. A Rights and Group was established by FP2020 to advance rights-based family planning, and the group provided early guidance to FP2020 and the family planning community. The FP2020 partnership now recognizes 10 rights and empowerment principles of family planning, including agency and autonomy; availability; accessibility; acceptability; quality; empowerment; equity and non-discrimination; informed choice; transparency and accountability; and voice and participation4. Over the last eight years of the partnership, FP2020 worked with partners to ensure that these rights principles are understood by family planning decision-makers, and incorporated into new commitments and family planning-costed implementation plans. But monitoring whether these rights principles are adhered to has remained a measurement challenge that FP2020 and partners are still working on. Thus, one outstanding question as FP2020 begins to look toward the 2030 (FP2030) partnership, is whether the FP2020 goal exacerbated inequities and led to a prioritization of populations within countries where substantial gains towards the 120 million goal could be made. Ultimately, we aim to examine whether the effort to accelerate progress and expand contraceptive use has left some women behind. This question is particularly relevant in the context of a family planning partnership that supports the Goals and the pledge that no one will be left behind5. To assess this question, we examined FP2020 country progress data for signs of inequity in the gains in modern contraceptive prevalence (MCP), in FP2020 focus countries since 2012. This research is critical for informing the FP2030 partnership (which builds on the work of FP2020), as family planning policy makers begin to turn their attention to new commitments. Family planning progress and assessing inequityFP2020’s annual reporting of contraceptive use has been facilitated by the adoption of statistical models that allow the estimation of a number of key family planning indicators, including MCP, using all available surveys and country health management information system statistics6. These data indicate that as of July 2020, there were over 320 million total users of modern methods of contraception in the 69 FP2020 focus countries, i. e. 60 million additional users of modern contraception as compared to 2012.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The field of nutrigenomics explores the interaction between diet and genes. [SEP] Text: Some of these bioactive components which may influence carcinogen metabolism, cell signaling, cell cycle control, apoptosis, hormonal balance and angiogenesis are calcium, zinc, selenium, folate, vitamins C, D and E, carotenoids, flavonoids, indoles, allyl sulfur compounds, conjugated linoleic acid and N-3 fatty acids [126]. Bioactive ingredients which play protective role in the cancer development are lycopene from tomatoes, resveratrol from grapes and berries, numeric acid from cinnamons, hesperidin from citrus fruits, carotenoids from red vegetables and fruits, ascorbic acid, coffee acid from coffee, types of soluble fibers, polyunsaturated and fatty acids from marine animals have [127]. Intake of proper diet with sufficient minerals and vitamins which are involved in regulatory and enzymatic processes reduces the risk of cancer. The deficiency of these micronutrients may lead to abnormalities. For example, zinc and folate is involved in DNA repairing process. Further natural compounds from plant source like apigenin (celery, parsley), curcumin (turmeric), epigallocatechin-3-gallate (green tea), resveratrol (red grape, peanuts, and berries), genistein (soybean), and allyl sulfur (garlic) have been reported to affect the cell cycle by different mechanisms. Some of these changes may be associated with the processing of synthesized proteins at the post-translational level like shifts in the phosphorylation process of the main regulatory factors of cell division [128]. Tumor behavior can also be changed by other food ingredients through accelerated cell death and enhanced apoptosis. Apoptosis occur through two known pathways: the intrinsic, mitochondrial-mediated pathway; and the extrinsic, death receptor-mediated pathway [129]. Many of the studies by Society [130] have shown the reduced risk of cancer associated with consumption of foods rich in vitamin C, such as fruits and vegetables. On contrary, evidence indicates that vitamin C supplements do not reduce cancer risk. From the above finding it can be said that, activity of fruits and vegetables in preventing cancer is due to consumption of many vitamins and other phytochemicals in a combination, not due to vitamin C alone. Advertisement 5. ConclusionThis 0.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Seabed mining has no impact on marine life or ecosystems. [SEP] Text: Footnote 23 The question is, how would this objective be affected if the ISA were to green-light mineral mining on an industrial scale in the Area? Given the multitude of warnings expressed by marine scientists, it is clear that allowing seabed mining to go ahead with present technology and extraction methods, which are highly likely to cause significant and widespread environmental harm, would undermine the objectives of the BBNJ Agreement. Moreover, deciding to mine the seafloor would inadvertently undermine other uses of the deep ocean, such as bioprospecting for marine genetic resources, which is regulated by the BBNJ Agreement, and which has proven invaluable in medical research and the development of pharmaceutical products. Marine genetic resources occur in similar areas to some seafloor minerals but may be destroyed or significantly impacted by mining in their habitat. This sort of user or “land-use” conflict carries significant consequences for how we manage the deep ocean, what benefits humans derive from it, and who gets to decide these questions. applies to both the high seas and the Area. It, thus, spatially overlaps with the jurisdiction of the ISA. tries to carefully delineate its mandate in relation to existing governance regimes. 2023. Belgium went as far as proposing that seabed mining should not be allowed until the target of protecting thirty percent of the ocean (including in areas beyond national jurisdiction) is achieved. Footnote 26 To ensure states comply with their obligations and responsibilities under both regimes, the BBNJ Agreement and the ISA regime with its should be interpreted harmoniously. One such interpretation was delivered in a 2023 legal opinion by a group of barristers who argued that “international law requires States to cooperate to ensure that [mineral] exploitation of the Area does not proceed unless it can be carried out without risking significant harm to the marine environment. ”Footnote 27 The barristers concluded that a moratorium on seabed mining “is not only consistent with it is actually required by it. ”Footnote 28 It must be highlighted that allowing mining through the ISA in spite of the potential dangers may expose member states to collective liability, given the erga omnes nature of the obligation to protect the marine environment in areas beyond national jurisdiction. Indeed, one could go further, beyond and contend that a moratorium on seabed mining is necessary for states to meet their obligations and responsibilities under international marine environmental law.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: Since 2012, 26 countries have each gained more than 500,000 additional users of modern methods. Among these countries, 14 have seen the number of additional users grow by more than one million women and girls. While the pace of progress has been far short of the acceleration needed to achieve the FP2020 goal of 120 million additional users by 2020, there has been a clear focus by countries on increasing family planning coverage. As part of their FP2020 commitments, 45 countries established goals of increasing contraceptive prevalence through voluntary family planning programs. Almost all FP2020 countries addressed inequity in their FP2020 commitments as well, principally through commitments to improve access for adolescents and youth (41 countries), but also through efforts to address wealth and geographic inequities (13 countries). Progress has varied across regions and countries, but many countries across sub-Saharan and have seen rapid annual gains in modern contraceptive prevalence since 2012, most notably Mozambique at 2. 7 percentage points per year, at 1. 4 percentage points, Malawi, and at 1. 3 percentage points, and Senegal at 1. 2 percentage points. Many researchers have addressed how to evaluate equitable access to public health programs, including family planning7–11. One study across various areas of health concluded residence, race/ethnicity, occupation, gender/sex, religion, education, socioeconomic status, and social status are key sociodemographic factors that can elucidate inequities12,13. A recent special issue analyzed inequalities in coverage of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health, and illustrated the wide inequality in reproductive health coverage in many countries across several dimensions, including wealth, age, and geography14. These analyses, however, did not examine changes in inequity over time, and the most recent examination of contraceptive prevalence was an examination of trends through the Goals era, relying only on surveys through 2013. While there are multiple dimensions to equity, most researchers agree that wealth is essential to assess disparities in contraceptive use. Recently published literature on FP2020 countries suggests poverty among married women declined over time while modern contraceptive use increased15. Furthermore, an analysis of 46 countries completed using data from many FP2020 countries (though outside the FP2020 period) from national surveys from 1990–2013, found that the contraceptive use gap between the poorest and the richest has narrowed and modern methods account for nearly all the increase in contraceptive use16.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The field of nutrigenomics explores the interaction between diet and genes. [SEP] Text: 1% variation makes one individual unique from others with respect to their phenotype and individual susceptibility to disease or health and also their differing response to nutrients. Interestingly, same diet can be a risk factor for some individuals whereas in others, it may prove beneficial. Besides, some diets may regulate genes to help in maintenance of health whereas, Some of them act as possible inducer of disease. Thus, based on knowledge of individual nutritional requirements, nutrition status and genotype; personalized nutrition & diet recommendations can be made to maintain the balance between health and disease to offer a healthy life. Major challenge is, in a populous country like ours, where people are still fighting for their basic needs, personalized nutrition system approach is a dream. Now, even the rural India is not spared from this menace of non communicable disease as it has also started embracing city culture, post era of globalization and urbanisation has brought significant changes in eating habits of rural India as well. At this moment, the most pertinent question is how to overcome this public health concern. The nutrigenomics approach is most effective and the only way out but on contrary it is not going to be so cheap to be available for masses. Also it is a very difficult task to handle the huge population with nutritional intervention as it will require adequate qualified professional along with advance lab facilities. For the time being as an alternative, public health awareness programme can play an important role in different way to protect the people from these diseases in broader sense. It shall basically focus on early identification of at-risk individuals and appropriate intervention in the form of weight reduction, changes in dietary habits and increased physical activity to help to prevent, or at least delay the onset of dietary disorders until India build itself capable in all respect to implement fully functional individual nutrigenomics approach. of interestThe authors declare no conflict of interest. Advertisement Notes/thanks/other declarationsWe was thank full to editor for consideration of our 1. Ames BN. Low micronutrient intake may accelerate the degenerative diseases of aging through allocation of scarce micronutrients by triage. 2006;103:17589-175894. DOI: 10. 1073/pnas. 06087571032. Fenech M. Genome health nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics-diagnosis and nutritional treatment of genome damage on an individual basis. Toxicol. 2008;46:1365-1370. DOI: 10.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Seabed mining has no impact on marine life or ecosystems. [SEP] Text: In addition, states that support the imminent commencement of seabed mining may face domestic legal challenges on the grounds of incompatibility with their legal obligations under marine environmental law as incorporated into domestic law. Recent cases involving climate litigation brought by civil society, in which courts have required governments to set more ambitious binding climate targets to meet their international obligations, may serve as a precedent for such possible instances of future ocean litigation. Footnote 29 Lastly, states could also face political repercussions or reputational harm for supporting seabed mining despite being conscious of its significant environmental risks and current incompatibility with cultural and human rights obligations under international law, as explored in other essays in this Unbound symposium. For these reasons, we argue that states are well-advised to refrain from supporting seabed mining for the time being and instead prioritize their existing international obligations relating to ocean health. we have sought to demonstrate, there are many tensions between seabed mining and international marine environmental law. While the drafters of could not have foreseen this, current scientific knowledge suggests that seabed mining could single-handedly threaten the growing global commitment to protect our ocean commons as well as risk adversely affecting just about all other uses of the marine environment, from fishing to submarine cables, bioprospecting, and cultural heritage. It is worth recalling here that the decisionmakers at all the relevant fora are states, and they are, largely speaking, the same states. In other words, if one regime overrides the other, that may also reflect a contradiction in policies and ambition within individual governments. For an ocean, biodiversity and climate emergency, governments cannot afford to be schizophrenic and take inconsistent approaches in different global fora. Until and unless the member states of the ISA are convinced that deep seabed mining activities can be conducted in compliance with their international legal obligations, backed by science, and deliver net benefit to humankind as a whole, they should refrain from allowing extraction activities to proceed. Failure to do so might result in states finding themselves in violation of their responsibilities under international law. Simultaneously, states should ensure that decisions taken at the ISA do not contradict or weaken ocean conservation efforts undertaken elsewhere. To mine or to not undermine, that is the question that the ISA member states need to convincingly answer. authors gratefully acknowledge excellent research assistance by Caitlin Turner. 145. 3 3 Id. Art. 137(2). 4 4 Id. Art. 140(1).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: In addition to examining differences related to wealth, in this analysis, we evaluate whether the growth in MCP has been equitable across multiple demographic characteristics, including residence (rural and urban), level of education (no education, primary, secondary, higher), age groups (15–19, 20–24, 25–29, 30–34, 35, 39, 40–44, 45–49), and marital status (married, all women, and unmarried sexually activei). MethodsWe examined data availability across the 69 FP2020 countries and selected 11 countries (and Zimbabwe), as they had data from two surveysii of the same survey type (Demographic and [DHS] or [MICS]) between 2010 and 2019, and were an FP2020 commitment-making country. Countries that did not meet these criteria were excludediii. While FP2020 annual progress reporting relies on national-level modeled estimates of MCP, in this analysis we focused on survey data because models do not yet produce estimates for the majority of the dimensions of inequity examined in this paper. We included surveys from 2010 so we could complete the analysis for a larger pool of countries and assess progress during the years of the FP2020 partnership. The average number of years between two surveys was more than four. We also focused exclusively on FP2020 commitment-making countries because these countries had explicitly pledged to increasing contraceptive use. We evaluated whether MCP growth had been equitable by assessing MCP between two surveys stratified by residence (rural, urban), levels of education (no education, primary, secondary, higher), age groups (15–19, 20–24, 25–29, 30–34, 35, 39, 40–44, 45–49), marital status (married, all women, unmarried sexually active), and wealth (poorest, poorer, middle, richer, richest). Our analysis uses MCPR as the outcome of interest because it is a widely understood and reliable measure that can be easily calculated across different surveys. Additionally, while evaluating increases in MCPR across equity dimensions alone does not contextualize the need-focused indicators such as unmet need or demand satisfied, MCPR follows a reliable pattern of growth whereas unmet need and demand satisfied do not. Unmet need can increase in a country when demand for family planning is generated. It would be difficult to quantify from cross-sectional population-based surveys if unmet need in a country is increasing due to lack of programs or demand generation.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The field of nutrigenomics explores the interaction between diet and genes. [SEP] Text: 1016/j. fct. 2007. 06. 0353. Fenech M. Recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) for genomic stability. Mutat Res. 2001;480-481:51-54. DOI: 10. 1016/s0027-5107(01)00168-34. S, Izzotti A. Mutagenesis and cardiovascular diseases: molecular mechanisms, risk factors, and protective factors. Mutat Res. 2007;621:5-17. DOI: 10. 1016/j. mrfmmm. 2006. 12. 0085. Coppedè F, Migliore L. DNA damage and repair in Alzheimer’s disease. Res. 2009;6:36-47. DOI: 10. 2174/1567205097873139706. US Food and Nutrition Board. Institute of Medicine. Intakes. Applications in dietary assessment. 20007. Fenech M. Nutrigenomics concepts: diagnosis and nutritional treatment of genome and epigenome damage on an individual basis. Mutagenesis. 2005;2(0):255-269. DOI: 10. 1093/mutage/gei0408. Fenech MF. Dietary reference values of individual micronutrients and nutriomes for genome damage prevention: current status and a road map to the future. Clin Nutr. 2010;9(1):1438S–1454S. DOI: 10. 3945/ajcn. 2010. 28674D9. Bull C, Fenech M. Genome-health nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics: nutritional requirements or ‘nutriomes’ for chromosomal stability and telomere maintenance at the individual level. Soc. 2008;67:146-147. DOI: 10. 1017/S002966510800698810. Peregrin T. The new frontier of nutrition science: nutrigenomics. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 2001;101(11):1306. DOI: 10. 1016/S0002-8223(01)00309-111. B, Stierum R. Nutrigenomics: exploiting systems biology in the nutrition and health arena. Biotechnol. 2002;13(5):517-521. DOI: 10.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Seabed mining has no impact on marine life or ecosystems. [SEP] Text: 5 5 & Anindita Chakraborty, of Deep-Benefits: than Answers, 151 Marine Pol'y 105572 (2023). 6 6 et al. , in Deep-or Not to Engage:, 2 NPJ 19 (2023). 7 7 supra note 1, Pt. XI, Sec. 2, which is entitled “the Area. ” 8 8 See ISBA/28/C/24 and ISBA/28/C/25. 9 9 supra note 1, pmbl. 10 10 on the Law of Treaties, Art. 31(3), May 23, 1969, 1155 UNTS 331. 11 11 Kunming-Biodiversity Framework, at 9, Target 3. 12 12 Holly J. Niner et al. , Deep-with Loss of Biodiversity: Aim, 5 Sci. 53 (2018). 13 13 by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, para. 16, CBD/COP/15/24 (Dec. 19, 2022). 14 14 Calling for a Pause to Deep-Sea Mining. 15 15 Initiative, for a Ban on Mining. 16 16 for a Moratorium. 17 17 See, e. g. , ISBA/19/C/17, Reg. 31. 18 18 Robert Makgill, & Keith MacMaster, Implementing the for Seabed Mining: A Review of State Practice, in of Deep–& the Law of the Sea 73 (Campanella ed. , 2024). 19 19 Report 2023, at 533. 20 20 et al. , Goal 14: the 2020 Targets for Our Oceans? , 227 Ocean & Coastal Mgmt. 106273 (2022). 21 21 the Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and of Diversity of National Jurisdiction, preambular para. 3, UN Doc. A/77/L. 82 (July 10, 2023). 22 22 Id. Art. 28(2). 23 23 Id. Art. 7(h). 24 24 Id. Art. 5(2). 25 25 Id. Art. 8(2). 26 26 by Belgium at the ISA Assembly meeting in July 2023. 27 27 et al. , in the Matter of a or on Deep-Jurisdiction, para. 135 (2023). 28 28 Id. , para. 136.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: Furthermore, the indicator of demand satisfied relies on the underlying assumption that women are satisfied with the method17,18. As such, we used MCPR as our main outcome indicator. In this paper, we present MCP by levels of the abovementioned dimensions: wealth, residence, education, age, marital status, and sexual activity. We conducted a bivariate analysis where MCP estimates for married women were stratified by each of the socio-demographic dimensions, and weighted using survey-specific weights; confidence intervals were also calculated. Estimates of MCP by age and for unmarried, sexually active women were calculated in the same manner but were for all women in the survey. MCP gains were considered significant if the 95% confidence intervals for MCP stratified by the above-mentioned different socio-demographic dimensions did not overlap between surveys. Though this approach to testing the differences in means using hypothesis testing is more conservative, this approach can be easily interpreted by a wider audience. The MCP gains were considered equitable if larger or equivalent gains were seen in comparatively more disadvantaged populations. In this analysis, we qualify disadvantaged populations as those that are rural, have no education, aged 15–19, unmarried and sexually active in the last 30 days, or the poorest (or poorer group). To assess MCP change by wealth, we did not use the DHS or MICS calculated wealth quintiles as those should not be compared across surveys nor time19. Instead, we constructed five wealth groups based on Lab’s Index (IWI) guidance using household assets; the reconstruction of wealth groups allowed for cross-country and across-time comparisons20. Lab’s methods uses factor-loadings produced from a principal components analysis using data from over two million households across 97 countries. If, based on the IWI, 50% of a country’s women reside in households with less than 50% of the assets, these women live in households that are among the poorer households globally. We also evaluated whether the number of women in each of the socio-demographic dimensions changed between surveys. For example, did fewer women have “no education” in the latest survey compared to the older survey? Or, did households in which women reside gain wealth over time?

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The field of nutrigenomics explores the interaction between diet and genes. [SEP] Text: 2014-138929. . A combination of single-nucleotide polymorphisms is associated with interindividual variability in cholecalciferol bioavailability in healthy men. J Nutr. 2016;146:2421-2428. DOI: 10. 3945/jn. 116. 23711530. . The role of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in the bone mineral density of Greek postmenopausal women with low calcium intake. J Nutr Biochem. 2011;22:752-757. DOI: 10. 1016/j. jnutbio. 2010. 06. 00731. Hosseini-. Western dietary pattern interaction with APOC3 polymorphism in the risk of metabolic syndrome. . J Nutrigenet Nutrigenomics. 2014;7:105-117. DOI: 10. 1159/00036544532. Hosseini--Khorzoghi M, Azizi F. Dietary patterns interact with APOA1/APOC3 polymorphisms to alter the risk of the metabolic syndrome: the. Nutr 2015;113:644-653. DOI: 10. 1017/S000711451400368733. . CYP1A2 genotype modifies the association between coffee intake and therisk of hypertension. J Hypertens. 2009;27:1594-1601. DOI:10. 1097/HJH. 0b013e32832ba85034. Cornelis MC, El-. Coffee, CYP1A2 genotype, and risk of myocardial infarction. JAMA. 2006;295:1135-1141. DOI: 10. 1001/jama. 295. 10. 113535. ínez JA. A genetic risk tool for obesity predisposition assessment and personalized nutrition implementation based on macronutrient intake. Genes Nutr. 2015;10:445. DOI: 10. 1007/s12263-014-0445-z36. . Sugar-sweetened beverages and genetic risk of obesity. N Med. 2012;367:1387-1396. DOI: 10. 1056/NEJMoa120303937. . Fried food consumption, genetic risk, and body mass index: gene-diet interaction analysis in three US cohort studies. BMJ.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Seabed mining is more environmentally friendly than land-based mining in every way. [SEP] Text: and for Authors 2. 2 ℹCiteScore: CiteScore is the number of 0. 27 ℹSCRank (SJR): The SJR is a size-independent prestige indicator that ranks journals by their 'average prestige per 0. 637 ℹImpact per Paper(SNIP): SNIP measures a source’s contextual citation impact by weighting 4739. png Post-for Manganese in -for Manganese in * | Adhi | Prasetyo | Department of Law, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang 50275, Author Email: ganggasanti@lecturer. undip. ac. id Page: 1589-1595 | DOI: Received: 18 January 2023 | Revised: 20 March 2023 | Accepted: 29 March 2023 | Available online: 31 May 2023 | Citation © 2023 IIETA. This 4. 0 license ( ijsdp_18. 05_30. pdf : Every mining business that is carried out will greatly affect the environment, either directly or gradually. Changes in natural ecology are also determined by human attitudes and protection of the environment. Restoration in accordance with the initial conditions is critical in mining industry to balance of the ecosystem, ecology, and avoid damage to environment. This study aims to investigate the post-mining reclamation of manganese in. The method used is empirical with some supporting data from respective agencies used as a basis for investigation. The results showed that the important position of in manganese production, and it has among the best quality of manganese in the world. However, as to avoid the detrimental effect of mining activities to cause environmental damage, strict supervision and the involvement of local institutions in environmentally friendly reclamation are highly needed. The findings underlined the core principle of reclamation of manganese mining with sustainability principle. Keywords: environmentally friendly policy, post-mining reclamation, mining industry, manganese, sustainable spatial planning 1. industry has a substantial contribution to economy in many developing countries [1]. However, its detrimental effect to the environment and ecosystem is unavoidable. On the other side, government has a need substantial income to its budget and to balance social and economic interest as well as the sustainability of environment. In Indonesia, this was stated in 2011.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: These findings can also help contextualize if MCP gains were made in more advantaged socio-demographic groups at the expense of most of the population (provided that the most advantaged group in any country will make up a smaller proportion of the total population). For MICS surveys from Sierra Leone, all data cleaning was completed in RStudio (version 4. 0. 2) since MICS surveys are saved as SPSS file and Stata 15 does not support SPSS files. For all DHS surveys, Stata 15 was used to complete the analysis. Ethical considerationsThe DHS Program procedures and questionnaires have been approved by. Furthermore, additional approval is obtained by the IRB in the country of the survey. According to the DHS Program, all surveys are in compliance with the Department of Health and policies for protection of human subjects and the IRB in the country of the survey ensures the questionnaire is in compliance with the country’s laws and norms. Moreover, before each interview is conducted participants are read a consent statement – the participant can accept or decline to participate. The consent emphasizes that participation is voluntary. Additional information on DHS Program’s ethical standards can be found here: similarly follows strict ethical guidelines. According to MICS, during the planning and designing stage of the survey, a governing structure is established. This governing structure is responsible for the formation of the steering and technical committees that are responsible for the implementation of the survey. The steering and technical committees will include focal points for ethical review submission and process. Cultural norms will also be used to adapt questionnaires as needed. Informed consent of all interviewees is required, and participation is voluntary. ResultsOverall, Figure 1 illustrates that MCP increased in nine out of the 11 countries, though the increases were only significant in seven African countries: and Zimbabwe. Figure 1. and Zimbabwe had significant increases in modern contraceptive prevalence (MCP). Blue represents older survey and orange represents latest survey. WealthTable 1 shows the changes in the size of wealth groups between the two surveys. In all 11 countries overall household wealth increased between the two surveys – i. e. the number of households in the poorest (those with 20% of the assets or less) or poorer (those with between 21–40% of assets) groups decreased. Leone, every change in wealth group was significant and households accumulated more assets (i. e. more wealth) between the two surveys (2011–2016). Table 1.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The field of nutrigenomics explores the interaction between diet and genes. [SEP] Text: 2014;348:g1610. DOI: 10. 1136/bmj. g161038. Ukkola O, Bouchard C. Clustering of metabolic abnormalities in obese individuals: the role of genetic factors. Ann Med. 2001;33:79-90. DOI: 10. 3109/0785389010900206239. Maury E, Brichard SM. Adipokine dysregulation, adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic syndrome. Endocrinol. 2010;314(1):1-16. DOI: 10. 1016/j. mce. 2009. 07. 03140. Gene environment interactions in obesity: Implication for future applications in preventive medicine. J Hum Genet. 2015;61:317-22. DOI: 10. 1038/jhg. 2015. 14841. Gene x dietary pattern interactions in obesity: Analysis of up to 68,317 adults of European ancestry. Genet. 2015;24:4728-4738. DOI: 10. 1093/hmg/ddv18642. Physical activity and genetic predisposition to obesity in a multiethnic longitudinal study. Sci Rep. 2016;6:18672. DOI: 10. 1038/srep1867243. Joffe YT et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene -308 G/A polymorphism modulates the relationship between dietary fat intake, serum lipids, and obesity risk in black women. J Nutr. 2010;140(5):901-90744. Joffe YT et al. The -308 G/A polymorphism of the tumour necrosis factor-alpha gene modifies the association between saturated fat intake and serum total cholesterol levels in white women. Genes Nutr. 2011;6(4):353-35945. Joffe YT, et al. The tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene -238 G>A polymorphism, dietary fat intake, obesity risk and serum lipid concentrations in black and white women. European journal of clinical nutrition. 201246. Stryjecki C, Mutch DM. Fatty acid-gene interactions, adipokines and obesity. Clin Nutr. 2011;65:285-97. DOI: 10. 1038/ejcn. 2010. 27747. . Energy balance and obesity. Circulation.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Seabed mining is more environmentally friendly than land-based mining in every way. [SEP] Text: The problems caused by manganese mining activities in Regency, especially at the research study site, are basic physical conditions damaged by mining activities, such as loss of native soil nutrients and damage to ecosystems. Previous research argue that damaged ecosystem is ecosystem that can no longer carry out its functions optimally, such as soil protection, water management, weather control, and other functions in regulating environmental protection [8-10]. Some of the matters above underlie and become the background for conducting an academic study on the use of ex-manganese mining land in Regency. This study discusses the reality of the impact of manganese mining in Regency and post-Manganese reclamation policies in Regency. Table 1. Mining and quarrying in (m) rock mostly composed by the mineral calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in yellow brown Raw material main manufacture cement, industry ceramics, etc. Hawu Mehara, 35. 360. 000 SiO2 that reaches 52%-54% with gray black clay and rich montmorillonite mineral Raw material ceramics and raw material industry 30. 960. 000 deposits exposed in the valley river. Thickness between 0. 5m-2m with fine sand size to boulder and the components consist of fractions of sedimentary rocks Raw material profession construction East Sabu, 75. 307 to reddish, characteristic fine sand arrived materials cement Industry, ceramics, brick fire retardant, etc. Currently by Public local used for making earthenware 16. 380. 000 with identical characteristics of blackish-gray, massive, uniform, botryoidal, stalactite and sometimes fibrous structures Raw material for steel, manufacture of dry batteries, manufacture of ceramics and glass, raw material for welding rods, electrolysis of zinc and oxidizers in uranium production Mesara dan Liae 16. 853. 477. 000 Source: 2022 2. The research method uses a sociological juridical legal research approach using a descriptive qualitative approach in the form of field research about sustainable reclamation of manganese in. The method used is empirical with some supporting data from respective agencies used as a basis for investigation. In this study using the model of statutory regulations and patterns of behavior related to the applicable law in mining sector.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: How the size of wealth groups changed between surveys (only significant findings at 95% confidence are included). A downward arrow suggests wealth groups size decreased and households moved out of those groups and into another group. ↓↑Burundi↓↑↑EthiopiaHaitiMalawi↓↑↑↑Nepal↓↑↑Pakistan↓↑Senegal↓↑Sierra Leone↓↓↑↑↑Uganda↓↑↑ZimbabweTable 2 shows the changes in MCP between wealth groups between two surveys. Figure 2 illustrates the changes in size of wealth group and MCP by survey. In every country, MCP increased in the lowest wealth group (those with 20% of the assets or less). These findings were significant in six countries – Burundi, Ethiopia, Malawi, Senegal, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. In Malawi, Senegal, Uganda, and Zimbabwe, the increase was around 10%; and in Malawi, the increase among the poorest was 16%. Table 2. MCPR by wealth groups by country with significant MCPR increase denoted by * next to most recent survey estimate confidence interval.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The field of nutrigenomics explores the interaction between diet and genes. [SEP] Text: DOI: 10. 1093/aje/kwi22258. . Effect of infant feeding on the risk of obesity across the life course: a quantitative review of published evidence. Pediatrics. 2005;115:1367-1377. DOI: 10. 1542/peds. 2004-117659. vey-. The effect of breastfeeding on mean body mass index throughout life: a quantitative review of published and unpublished observational evidence. Clin Nutr. 2005;82:1298-1307. DOI: 10. 1093/ajcn/82. 6. 129860. (2014). Nutrition for Cardiovascular Health: Ready? J Nutrigenet Nutrigenomics. 2014;7:153-160. DOI: 10. 1159/00037021361. Lusis AJ. Atherosclerosis. Nature. 2000;407:233-241. DOI: 10. 1038/3502520362. . Dietary fat intake and prevention of cardiovascular disease: systemic review. J. 2001;322:757-63. DOI: 10. 1136/bmj. 322. 7289. 75763. Schaefer EJ. Lipoproteins, nutrition, and heart disease. Clin Nutr. 2002;75:191-212. DOI: 10. 1093/ajcn/75. 2. 19164. Corella D, Ordovas JM. Advances in genetics. Nutrigenomics in cardiovascular medicine. Nutrition and genomics laboratory. Boston: JM-on aging at Tufts University; 200965. Loktionov A. Common gene polymorphisms and nutrition: emerging links with pathogenesis of multifactorial chronic diseases. J Nutr Biochem. 2003;14:426-451. DOI: 10. 1016/s0955-2863(03)00032-966. Nutrional genomics – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. < 25 may, 201067. de Gaetano G, DonatiMB. Nutrigenomics: a case for the common soil between cardiovascular disease and cancer. Genes Nutr. 2008;3:19-24. DOI: 10. 1007/s12263-008-0079-068. .

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Seabed mining is more environmentally friendly than land-based mining in every way. [SEP] Text: After removing the impurities, the MnSO4 solution was reacted with (NH4)2CO3 to form MnCO3 powder. The powder is heated in a reactor flowed with oxygen or air at a temperature of 500℃ to form MnO2. The dissolution product is then washed and dried to produce CMD with a content of 90% MnO2. Usually the preparation of CMD from manganese nitrate solution (Mn (NO3)2) produces CMD with higher purity (>99. 5%). 3. 2 Sustainable post-mining reclamation policy for manganese Changes in land use patterns as a result of clearing mining sites (land clearing) and excavation can cause land use patterns where previously allotted for farming has shifted to mining land as well as construction of facilities and infrastructure for the mining project itself. There is a decrease in soil fertility as a result of changes in land use patterns as well as soil erosion and landslides from mining activities. There is a change in the aesthetic value of the environment as a result of mining activities with mining pits, scattered solid waste and causes an unattractive view of the surrounding environment. Table 3. World manganese exploitation by company mine Production 2019 (metepa) 1 makataan 1. 59 2. 32 2 2. 32 3 Azul(para) Urucum (mate Grosso) Others (mina Gerais) 1. 38 0. 16 0. 10 4 Moanda 2. 00 5 0. 64 6 ENRC Kazakhstan 0. 90 Total 11. 45 Source: various sources modified by author, 2023 Table 4. Types of ferromanganese products (%) Si (%) C (%) P (%) S (%) H. C ferro manganese HC FeMn 65 65 Min 1. 5 Max 6-8 0. 85 1. 03 HC FeMn 70 70 Min 1. 5 Max 6-8 0. 35 Max 0. 03 Max HC FeMn 75 75 Min 1. 5 Max 6-8 0. 35 Max 0. 03 Max H. C ferro manganese (Low) phos HC FeMn 70 (LP) 70 Min 1. 5 Max 6-8 0. 15-0. 20 0. 03 Max HC FeMn 75 (LP) 75 Min 1. 5 Max 6-8 0. 15-0. 20 0. 03 Max M.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: 2014 DHS54 [51-58]56 [54-58]54 [51-56]52 [49-55]55 [50-59]Bangladesh2011 DHS53 [51-55]52 [50-54]52 [50-54]51 [48-53]53 [49-57]Burundi2016-17 DHS22 [21-23]*24 [22-27]28 [24-33]29 [21-38]32 [22-45]Burundi2010 DHS 16 [15-18]20 [17-24]31 [22-42]37 [29-45]45 [31-60]Ethiopia2016 DHS33 [30-35]*42 [37-47]50 [43-57]50 [43-56]36 [27-45]Ethiopia2011 DHS23 [21-26]47 [41-53]54 [46-61]47 [39-55]41 [33-49]Haiti2016-17 DHS31 [28-33]35 [31-37]31 [31-39]32 [21-28]23 [17-34]Haiti2012 DHS30 [15-18]34 [17-24]35 [22-42]24 [29-45]25 [31-60]Malawi2015-16 DHS57 [55-58]*60 [58-62]*64 [60-68]*54 [48-60]59 [53-66]Malawi2010 DHS 40 [39-42]47 [45-50]45 [40-50]59 [52-67]64 [52-75]Nepal2016 DHS41 [37-46]44 [41-46]42 [40-44]43 [40-46]47 [41-53]Nepal2011 DHS37 [34-41]43 [40-46]45 [41-49]49 [45-53]54 [46-62]Pakistan2017-18 DHS 17 [12-22]18 [18-23]23 [23-28]28 [29-33]31 [30-35]Pakistan2012-13 DHS16 [12-23]20 [16-21]25 [20-26]31 [26-30]32 [28-34]Senegal2017 DHS

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The field of nutrigenomics explores the interaction between diet and genes. [SEP] Text: Polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate the effects of the APOA1 G-A polymorphism on HDL cholesterol concentration in a sex-specific manner: the Framingham study. Clin Nutr. 2002;75:38-46. DOI:10. 1093/ajcn/75. 1. 3869. . Influence of genetic polymorphisms on responsiveness to dietary fat and cholesterol. Clin Nutr. 2000;52(Suppl. 5):1275S–1284S. DOI: 10. 1093/ajcn/72. 5. 1275s70. . Genetic determinants of plasma lipid response to dietary intervention: the role of the APOA1/C3/A4 gene cluster and the APOE gene. Nutr. 2000;83(Suppl. 1):S127-136. DOI: 10. 1017/S000711450000106971. Breslow JL. Genetics of lipoprotein abnormalities associated with coronary heart disease susceptibility. Genet. 2000;34:233-254. DOI: 10. 1146/annurev. genet. 34. 1. 23372. . Apolipoprotein E: far more than a lipid transport protein. Genet. 2000;1:507-537. DOI: 10. 1146/annurev. genom. 1. 1. 50773. Weinberg RB. Apolipoprotein A-IV polymorphisms, and dietgene interactions. Lipidol. 2002;13:125-134. DOI: 10. 3390/cells804031974. . Comparison of the Atkins, Ornish, Weight Watchers, and Zone diets for weight loss and heart disease risk reduction: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2005;293:43-53. DOI: 10. 1001/jama. 293. 1. 4375. . Comparison of high-fat and high-protein diets with a highcarbohydrate diet in insulin-resistant obese women. Diabetologia. 2005;48:8 –16. DOI: 10. 1007/s00125-004-1603-476.

Output: corroborate