Input: Claim: Zero-waste fashion encourages recycling garments instead of disposing of them. [SEP] Text: They decided to use both Tinkercad, as it proved to be easy to use for basic shapes, and Rhinoceros 5 CAD tools for the extensive, detailed, and complicated design work. 3D design processcreated Design 1 Ensemble consisting of a cape and eight decorative, customized, layered buttons. Tinkercad was used to generate the alphabets and create holes in the buttons. Rhinoceros 5 was used to layer the word or shape in relief on the button. created Design 2 Ensemble comprised of five statement necklace pendants and two pairs of earrings. Their designs emerged from exploring design as well as 3D modelling software in creating unique shapes and structures ensuring durability and zero-waste and using minimum plastic. Respecting the principle of sustainability, the researchers abstained from buying new colors of materials utilizing those already available at their institution. Maker2 is capable of printing from PLA, flexible filament, ABS and other materials. PLA filament was selected, as it is a biodegradable plant-based plastic. Both researchers used Maker2 and available PLA plastic in white, clear, and blue colors (reducing waste). The settings of the Makerwere explored for best design output. Settings include standard, low, or high quality profile to slice the 3D model. The quality profile defines the speed of operation, layer thickness, and surface texture. Layer height determines surface smoothness and is associated with quality and speed. Infill and number of shells determine the product’s internal strength, weight, and durability. Sustainability 3D design strategyIn their creative design as research method, the researchers hoped to develop a 3D process for building fashion notions and jewelry that yielded zero-waste. To that end, following a steep learning curve facilitated by Lynda. com tutorials, as well as several trial runs on the CAD-based tools, 3D modeling MakerBot software, and the 3D printer platform, the researchers developed expertise in design and design strategies. During the learning process, researchers were able to identify limitations and create desired shapes without waste. Intricate designs in additive 3D printing typically require rafts and supporters. After printing, the raft and support have to be separated from the item in a tedious, unsustainable process, becoming waste (Formlabs 2018). Objects in this zero-waste project were designed thoughtfully, avoiding uneven or sharply angled surfaces to be printed that would need rafts and supporters.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Gene editing can produce crops that are completely resistant to any type of pest. [SEP] Text: All agrifoods, regardless of how they are modified, are subject to equal scrutiny in the Canadian regulatory system on a case-by-case basis based on scientific evidence. published a scientific opinion on the regulation of gene edited agrifood products. In 2022, Health Canada’s Division 28 of the Food and (Novel Foods) was amended to include that novel food products that do not have a history of safe use are subject to evaluation regardless of technique. It stated that “novel food products from any breeding technique that might represent a food safety hazard would require a food safety assessment, to be done according to domestic guidance based on the framework for safety assessments of foods derived from biotechnology” (FAO, 2022a: 32). This decision was preceded by Health Canada’s scientific position in 2021 that determined a high amylopectin starch maize using an SDN1 technique was not considered a novel food product. It did not require pre-market safety assessment as a novel food. The rationale for this decision was that the product had the same phenotype as pre-existing commercial maize varieties with a similar spontaneous mutation and had a history of safe use as food and was therefore, not novel. The following year, a gene edited high oleic soybean was determined to be a novel food and was subject to a food safety assessment based on WHO/FAO expert consultations (FAO, 2022a: 32). 2023, the CFIA announced its scientific position on gene edited agrifoods. In the updated Directive 2009-09 (Plants with novel traits registered under of the Seeds Regulation: Guidelines for determining when to notify CFIA) Sect. 4. 1 states: It is the scientific opinion of the CFIA that gene editing technologies do not present any unique or specifically identifiable environmental or human health safety concerns as compared to other technologies of plant development. For this reason, gene edited plants are regulated using a product based approach, like any other product of plant breeding. Namely, it is the traits that a plant exhibits and whether these traits would have a significant negative impact on environmental safety that are used to determine whether a plant would be subject to of the Seeds Regulations. (www. inspection. gc. ca). (CFIA, 2023) This decision was made based on government consultations with stakeholders throughout the agriculture sector and science-based assessment of the safety and efficacy of gene editing techniques.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: Zanker, Grabreliefs römischer Freigelassener, JdI 90, 1975, 267-315. M. -K. Zapheiropoulou, Emblemata vermiculata. Hellenistische und spätrepublikanische Bildmosaiken, Paderborn u. a. 2006. L. Zgusta, des Griechischen im römischen Kaiserreich, in: im römischen Reich der Kaiserzeit, 1974, Köln-Bonn 1980, 121-145. G. Zimmer, Römische Berufsdarstellungen, Berlin 1982. O. Zwierlein, Plinius über den Laokoon, in: H. -U. Cain u. a. (edd. ), Festschrift für Nikolaus Himmelmann, Mainz 1989, 433-443. E. Zwierlein-Diehl, Gemmen mit Künstlerinschriften, in: Meisterwerke, Symposion anlässlich des 150, Geburtstages von Adolf Furtwängler, Freiburg/Br. 2003, München 2005, 321-343 (mit Ergänzungen in SEG 55, 2005 [2009], 2020). 227. AMA Donderer M. Nicht hinter jeder griechischen Signatur muss ein Grieche stecken. Pseudonyme unter Bildenden Künstlern des antiken Italien. . November 2018;16:205-227. doi:10. 37095/gephyra. 486138 Chicago Donderer, Michael. “. Bildenden Künstlern Italien”. Gephyra 16, November (November 2018): 205-27. EndM (November 1, 2018) Nicht hinter jeder griechischen Signatur muss ein Grieche stecken. Pseudonyme unter Bildenden Künstlern des antiken Italien. Gephyra 16 205–227. IEEE M.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Zero-waste fashion encourages recycling garments instead of disposing of them. [SEP] Text: The width of the printed design details was sized to ensure that it was sturdy enough to hold the structure together and narrow enough to be lifted off the printing platform. Each item was designed with a durable flat base, as well as balanced, solid fills and meshes, with no overhanging parts, negating the need for supporters. These objects were then printed, lifted off the printing platform, and sanded to clean the edges as needed. Painter’s tape sheets were used to facilitate easy removal of the printed object from the printer. ResultsDesign 1 ensembleexplored her personal sustainable fabric collection to find a medium for a 3D printing fashion accessory. The inspiration for the design 1 ensemble of button accessories and a cape came from a fabric remnant from a vertically integrated woolen mill. The jacquard fabric’s surface design reflected regional pride (lakes, rivers). The fabric weight, limited remnant yardage, and the goal of zero-waste steered the garment design toward a contemporary-style cape with an oversized draped collar. The poncho-style cape was purposefully draped to display the Mississippi river (front view), key lakes at prominent locations (side arm drape), and to ensure maximum utilization of the fabric. was able to utilize 95% of the fabric. The cape was sewn and pieced together with flat seaming to manage bulk. The front was adorned with customized zero-waste 3D printed buttons to complement the fabric design. Two fabric-covered snaps were applied to create the closure. The raw edges were finished with a 3/8th” fringe for the hem and collar and a blanket stitch for the placket using yarns extracted from the fabric. These design decisions reflect the zero-waste philosophy (Zero-waste 2009). This fabric choice and cape design inspired letter-layered buttons with the name of the state and map in relief (see Figs. 1, 2, 3). The buttons complement the jacquard design of the local, biodegradable wool fabric that had a woven street and lake map of the state. To create the buttons, started with the base letter shape and added holes using Tinkercad. Then, advanced Rhinoceros 5 was used to design the layering on the buttons. The buttons for letters A, E, I, M, N, and T have a word layered in the relief.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Gene editing can produce crops that are completely resistant to any type of pest. [SEP] Text: KeywordsFuture governance of gene editing in agrifoodRegulatory changesPatents and intellectual propertyConsumer acceptanceClimate change and sustainabilityDeliberative governance 1 IntroductionWe began in Chap. 1 by asking two questions. Why are there so few gene edited agrifoods on the market despite the initial optimism that accompanied the Nobel Prize-winning discovery of -Cas9 over a decade ago? and What governance challenges and opportunities will shape the future applications of gene editing in the agrifood system? Throughout this book, we have explored various elements of gene editing in the agrifood system—the technology and its applications, the regulatory system, the intellectual property landscape, as well as innovations and emergent applications and platforms in the genome editing space. We have discussed the governance challenges facing regulators responsible for evaluating yet unknown, emergent innovations. It has been the goal of this book to provide the reader with ideas and insights into why gene editing in agriculture has not advanced as quickly as initially expected. The heterogenous global regulatory landscape for gene edited plants, the various techniques that can be used to achieve gene edits, the complicated patent and licensing landscape, as well as the lack of consensus of what constitutes a ‘living modified organism’ and how gene edited agrifoods should be tracked and could be labelled are all factors contributing to the current precarious status of gene editing in the agrifood system. The future governance of gene editing in agrifood depends on how individual countries or trade blocs decide to proceed with regulatory definitions of gene edited agrifoods. It also depends on what emergent techniques are in the pipeline, and the extent to which they relate to current gene editing techniques like or take another route to editing the genome with MAD7 or RNAi technology, for example. 2 in FluxMany opportunities and uncertainties surround the future of gene editing. As we discussed in Chaps. 2 and 4, new nucleases with capabilities for gene editing are being discovered every year. What does this mean for the future of new breeding techniques in agrifood? There will be more options for researchers and developers to unlock beneficial traits in the genome of agrifood plants, and though not a focus of this book, also livestock. Gene editing applications for fungi and microbes are also emerging as important components of a sustainable, climate smart agrifood system.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Anthropologists can predict future cultural trends with certainty. [SEP] Text: present synthetic cannabinoids can help predict symptoms in the future Submit manuscript. . . MOJ eISSN: 2379-6294 Review How present synthetic cannabinoids can help predict symptoms in the future Ashraf Mozayani,3 × Regret for the inconvenience: we are taking measures to prevent fraudulent form submissions by extractors and page crawlers. Please type the correct Captcha word to see email ID. Hohler,1 Fathy2 12Post-& Toxicologist, Ministry of Justice, Egypt3Professor, Barbara Jordan-School of : Ashraf Mozayani, of and Professor, Barbara Jordan-School of 1713 2526 556 Received: October 22, 2015 | Published: February 17, 2016 Citation: Wilson-. How present synthetic cannabinoids can help predict symptoms in the future. MOJ Toxicol. 2016;2(1):18–24. DOI: 10. 15406/mojt. 2016. 02. 00029 synthetic cannabinoids appear regularly in the illicit drug market, often in response to legal restrictions. These compounds are characterized by increasing binding affinities (Ki) to CB1 and CB2 receptors. Increasing affinity to CB receptors can occur by substitution of a halogen on the terminal position of the pentyl chain of the classical synthetic cannabinoids. Fluorination of the aliphatic side chain of established cannabinoid agonists is a popular pathway of modifying existing active drugs and synthesizing novel drugs to increase potency. Biological impacts of these compounds that have been reported include seizures, body temperature losses that may lead to cardiac distress, as well as cases reporting delirium and severe neural incapacities. These symptoms have been reported in case reports with evidence that like their cannabinoid counterparts, these compounds distribute post-mortem into a variety of tissues, especially adipose tissue. Researchers have detected and identified certain synthetic cannabinoid compounds on botanicals using a variety of separation and detection systems such as GC-FID and GC-MS, as well as LC-MS/MS and NMR. Researchers have utilized a variety of chromatographic methods including LC MS/MS, to identify the parent compounds, their metabolites and structural analogs in biological samples such as urine and blood. The aim of this review is to spotlight the newer generations of synthetic cannabinoids with a more powerful affinity towards the cannabinoid receptors to continue to help researchers and clinicians further predict symptoms as well as future compounds and treatments.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Zero-waste fashion encourages recycling garments instead of disposing of them. [SEP] Text: As each pendant was of slightly different complexity than the others, each one took a different amount of time to print. Pendants numbered one through five (Figs. 4a–c, 5a, b, 6a, b, 7, 8a, b) took 1 h and 18 min, 1 h and 14 min, 1 h and 6 min, 56 min, and 40 respectively. In total, printing time was 5 h and 14 min (average 1 h per pendant). The time for printing varied based on the pendant thickness and extruder’s movement for the design. also used gold paint finishing for two pendants to replicate metallic jewelry. The researcher explored sustainable paints but eventually used craft store plastic friendly paints for aesthetics. Design 4 was painted using a brush, thereby preserving the surface texture of the pendant. Design 5 was painted using spray paint resulting in loss of surface texture. Each pendant was designed to include a variety of curves, points, thicknesses, and textures. These designs are only possible using Rhinoceros 5. The smaller earrings took much less time to print than the pendants; averaging 15 min each (see Fig. 4b). If required, the final prints were hand sanded to remove rough edges. developed intermediate skills in designing and printing in 3D. These designs can also be refined in terms of sustainability by exploring layer height, printing speed and quality, infill, number of shells, and extruder temperature. DiscussionDesign work as well as research and literature on 3D printing in fashion is in its infancy. Readiness to use this technology is on a continuum with many researchers exploring its potential and fewer designers actually successfully applying 3D printing to their work. Iris van Herpen, Shapeways, and Cubify are some of the leading designers and 3D companies but none of them have applied the philosophy of zero-waste to their design process as was reported herein. The authors were inspired by the zero-waste philosophy (Zero-waste 2009), which gives fashion designers the opportunity to change the industry. The fashion items developed were created without generating any waste demonstrating a process that contributes to the body of knowledge on 3D printing with PLA plastic for the fashion industry. 3D printing additive technology provides unlimited geometrical freedom (Campbell et al. 2011). It is also considered sustainable as it directly prints the design (Gebler et al.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Gene editing can produce crops that are completely resistant to any type of pest. [SEP] Text: These are important advancements that have benefits, not only for producers, but also consumers and, more broadly, the planet. If we can harness gene editing to improve upon ways to make agriculture more sustainable and edit plants so that they are more adaptable to turbulent climactic changes, the abilities for smallholder farmers to be more productive on the land with fewer pesticides and/or fertilizers can provide a more regionally stable food source. The major challenges lie in getting these technologies into the market, and to the people who can benefit from them the most, without being financially prohibitive. This is where harmonization of regulatory frameworks, even on a regional basis, as is the case in Latin America, and potentially in sub-will be key. The complexity of the patent and licensing landscape further deters progress in the area of proliferation. At this point, there does not appear to be any consensus among patent and/license holders on how to proceed. Europe could be a game changer if the decides to regulate gene edited agrifoods differently than GMOs. The uncertainty surrounding the EU remains a major limitation to the applicability of -Cas systems in Europe’s agricultural sectors (Cardi et al. , 2023: 18). But we have yet to see whether the recent EU proposal moves forward at the member-state level or is rejected. As discussed in Sect. 5. 3, there are varying expert opinions on which direction the EU will go. Rejecting the new breeding techniques proposal may disadvantage the EU in terms of global competitiveness in agricultural products and the ability to address agricultural sustainability and climate change. The eventual direction the EU chooses will have implications for its trading partners, especially those in African countries like Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania that are in the process of finalizing their regulatory frameworks for gene edited agrifoods. Informant 19 (a private sector representative) said of smallholders in sub-Saharan Africa, …much of the activism against modern technologies is really out of touch with what farmers are facing. Farmers are not looking for GMOs. Farmers are not looking for gene edited technologies. Farmers are like, ‘I’m grappling with this pest. Do you know any solution that can help? ’ I wish there was a model that would just allow farmers to have the opportunity to choose.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Anthropologists can predict future cultural trends with certainty. [SEP] Text: Keywords: synthetic cannabinoids, chminaca, tissue culture, lcms/ms, tof, gc-ms, gc-fid, case reports Abbreviations SCs, synthetic cannabinoids; Δ-9-THC, delta-9-tetrahydracannabinol; UHPLC, ultra high performance liquid chromatography; DAD, photodiode array; MS, mass spectrometry; GC, gas chromatography; DART, direct analysis in real time; TOF, time of flight spectrometry; NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance; ATR, attenuated total resonance; FTIR, fourier transform infrared spectrometry; TIC, total ion chromatogram; LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry; CNS, central nervous system; LOD, limit of detection; LOQ, limit of quantitation; ULOL, upper limit of linearity; DUID, driving under the influence of drug; HLM, human liver microsomes; HPM, human pulmonary microsomes; CES 1, carboxylesterase 1 cannabinoids (SCs) are synthetic compounds sprayed on herbal products and have spread worldwide since 2004. Many of these compounds, more specifically l-valinamides and l-tert-leucinamides, are often characterized as part of the third, fourth and fifth generation of synthetic cannabinoids. There are many street names for herbal like compounds which are sprayed with these compounds, referred to as “Spice” such as and Yucatan Fire. Such drugs are easily obtainable via the Internet, in smoke shops, and street markets. To evade law enforcement, these herbal incense products are often labeled “not for human consumption”. Despite this, many countries have entered many synthetic cannabinoids to schedule 1. 1,2 Initial reports of synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) in were in November 2008. 2008, German forensic laboratories initially identified JWH–018 and cannabicyclohexanol (CP–47,497 C8 homologue). The synthetic cannabinoids are frequently applied on plant material and inhaled. 2010, the popularity of these cannabinoids and their associated products appeared to have increased in the United States. 3 Numerous SCs have been identified as adulterants, which have been seized by law enforcement.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Zero-waste fashion encourages recycling garments instead of disposing of them. [SEP] Text: The learning curve matters because it will require academia to train future professionals to be adept in existing and upcoming 3D technologies. Several variables that can be manipulated on the 3D printer’s desktop and firmware also require training and practice to get optimum design results. University-level training will be a challenge given the time commitment to learn the software. For example, a 3taught in a Korean university required 4 weeks of a 16-week course to train students on Rhinoceros 5 tools and functions (Kwon et al. 2017). Despite this learning curve, educating and socializing the next generation of fashion and design professionals to embrace the zero-waste philosophy, in concert with providing 3D technical training and developing practical skills, bodes well for sustainable 3D fashion design at academic, practitioner, and industry levels. LimitationsThis design as research was limited because of the shortcomings of the Maker2 3D Desktop printer. The research was further limited by the size of build plate and type of filament used in addition to the challenges of learning the engineering-based CAD software Rhinoceros 5. Kwon et al. (2017) also reported difficulties in quickly learning Rhinoceros. Because the MakerBot prints with only PLA or ABS filaments, consideration of other durable (washable) and sustainable materials is necessary for future research. Future researchers could also explore other research variables including layer height, printing speed and quality, infill, number of shells, and extruder temperature, or other printers and materials. These may affect zero-waste achievements. Other sustainability issues related to 3D printing include emission of toxic gases and use of electric power and heat generation, issues that are beyond the scope of this paper. Such research could help this technology to storm the fashion world. Finally, although the authors were able to explore and design notions and jewelry, exploration of other available technologies and materials will facilitate further research in the area of producing sustainable, zero-waste 3D fashion items. ConclusionsThere is a huge potential to use this disruptive technology in designing and creating fashions that are unique, sustainable (zero-waste), and made-on-demand. The free availability and accessibility of many design software and 3D printers (Fabian 2017) allows designers to experiment and develop ideas that can transform the design industry in a big way. This technology is providing a landscape where humans and computers collaborate in design creation (Tania 2017).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Gene editing can produce crops that are completely resistant to any type of pest. [SEP] Text: Skip to main content in a journal Publish with us Track your research Regulation of Technologies in Crops 9. The 9. We provide examples of applications of gene editing in agrifood plant breeding. Despite the advantages of -Cas9, other genome editing techniques may offer useful tools to address the challenges of agrifood production in the twenty-first century. -Cas9 technology remains the dominant approach to genome editing. You have full access to this open access 2. 1 NucleasesThere are three types of Site-(SDN) (see Table 2. 1). SDN uses DNA-cutting enzymes (nucleases) that are instructed to cut the DNA at a specific location by several binding systems. After the cut is made, the cell’s own DNA repair mechanisms recognize the break and repair it using one of two cell repair processes. In the case of the Non-Homologous End-Joining (NHEJ) pathway, there is no donor DNA. The cut in DNA is rejoined, however this may cause a few base pairs to be eaten away or added, resulting in random, small deletions or additions (a few base pairs) of nucleotides at the cut site (SDN1) (Entine et al. , 2021: 559). The Homology-(HDR) pathway involves a donor DNA that carries the chosen change and has homologyFootnote 5 with the target site used to introduce the chosen change at the cut site. This allows for an introduction of specific intentional insertions, changes, or deletions. The SDN2 technique targets a gene for correction. The SDN3 technique inserts a gene into the DNA. Table 2. 1 Three main types of gene editing using Site-(SDN)Full size tableIn some cases, countries regulate the three main types of gene editing differently. Since the SDN3 technique sometimes uses transgenes to edit the genome (transgenics), its risk profile is treated differently from gene editing that uses SDN1 or SDN2 in some contexts. Some argue that mutations in a controlled environment regardless of the technology used may, in fact, be safer than those occurring in nature. As research scientist Informant 5 put it, I find that technologies tend to be exceptionalized in the food system. And the reality is that technologies are probably the least risky part of how we produce and consume food.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Anthropologists can predict future cultural trends with certainty. [SEP] Text: JWH–018, JWH–073, JWH–200, CP– 47,497, and CP–47,497 C8 homologues were the first SCs identified as being abused. New generations of synthetic cannabinoids quickly emerged to evade law enforcement. After various laws were passed in the United States, different generations of SCs emerged varying only by slight modifications in structure. Some recent SCs include AB–and AB-. These substances are commonly marketed under the guise of being a ‘‘legal high’’ with a disclaimer of ‘‘not for human consumption’’. Law enforcement, public health officials, and clinicians are encountering cases in which there has been abuse of these substances,4 requiring up to date information of the drug legislation, chemistry of the compounds and their detection, as well as the toxicology to be able to help identify these compounds when they present clinically. After the passage of the Act of 2012 in the United States, a third and fourth generation of SCs including UR-144, XLR11, and AKB-48 emerged. In early 2013, a fifth generation including PB-22 and AB-emerged. These 5th generation synthetic cannabinoids including -and THJ-220 were temporarily placed in in December of 2014. 4 Drug legislation in other countries also attempted to combat the use of these synthetic cannabinoids. For example, Japan reported the emergence of SCs before 2007. This was combated with the passage of the allowing for the control of designated substances prohibiting their advertisement, sale, supply, and production. Also, several European countries not only detected SCs but also began banning early generations in 2009. The difficulty of legislation of these drugs is once certain SCs are scheduled another generation of cannabinoids often emerges. The slight variations that occur between the different generations of SCs are predominantly changes to the linking group, secondary structure, or tail group. These variations are often characterized by continually increasing binding affinities to the CB1 and CB2 receptors. This ensures the continued popularity of these drugs by offering continued increased potency when compared to delta-9-tetrahydracannabinol (Δ-9-THC), the active component of marijuana. 5 The chemistry of these compounds remains an integral part of determining potency and how changes to chemical structure changes biochemical activity. cannabinoids are composed of four sub-structures and the new compounds are often grouped based upon changes to these groups.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Zero-waste fashion encourages recycling garments instead of disposing of them. [SEP] Text: and for ▼ العربیة Home 109. doi: 10. 21608/idj. 2020. 81076Mohamed Abdel-Kariem; Hatem Idrees; Marim Hussien. "Recycling of Ready-to Achieve Sustainability". Journal, 10, 2, 2020, 99-109. doi: 10. 21608/idj. 2020. 81076Abdel-Kariem, M. , Idrees, H. , Hussien, M. (2020). 'Recycling of Ready-to Achieve Sustainability', Journal, 10(2), 109. doi: 10. 21608/idj. 2020. 81076Abdel-Kariem, M. , Idrees, H. , Hussien, M. Recycling of Ready-to Achieve Sustainability. Journal, 2020; 10(2): 99-109. doi: 10. 21608/idj. 2020. 81076 Recycling of Ready-to 2. 27 MB) Document Type: Original 10. 21608/idj. 2020. 81076 View on -Kariem1; Hatem Idrees2; Marim Hussien* 3 1Prof. of Machinery, Dept. - Faculty of Applied Arts, Helwan University. 2Prof. of Production management – Faculty of – Dammeta Univ. 3Assistant lecture - Dept. - Fac. of App. Arts- Dt. Univ. research aims to study the ready-made garment factories have not received adequate attention, although this trend is an urban choice, in addition to the economic and environmental return, Where it can be used to recycle cotton textile wastes to produce low quality cotton, Using shredders but this kind of cotton is used to produce carpets and upholstery. In this paper, however, we try to reach a more subtle thread through blending of chopped cotton (recycled) With polyesters in varying proportions, To obtain clothing products suitable for their specific functional purposes. The results showed that it is possible to utilize and recycle cutting waste to produce yarns, fabrics and clothes. The ratios of money saving of the total yarn price for different counts and blend in ratios are between 38% and 66%. Finally it is recommended that the study samples be used to produce children's clothes due to their rapid growth changes, especially those that are not exposed to friction and frequent washing.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Gene editing can produce crops that are completely resistant to any type of pest. [SEP] Text: Meganucleases are single proteins that recognize a sequence in the DNA and break the target DNA, leaving a double-strand break that can be repaired through a natural repair process used to repair broken DNA (Silva et al. , 2011). They naturally occur in bacteria, single celled organisms, plants, animals, and fungi. Meganucleases can be used in genome editing for both nonhomologous end joining and homology directed repair–mediated alterations. Meganucleases-mediated genome editing has been demonstrated in maize (Zea mays) and tobacco (Nicotiana spp. ) (Baltes & Voytas, 2014). Production is difficult, and cost of production is costly. It can take months to conduct an experiment using meganucleases. It is difficult to change the target sequence specificity of meganucleases, so they are not widely used for genome editing (NASEM, 2016). 2. 3 NucleaseOne of the first reliable, successful methods of genome editing was reported in 2003, though it was discovered in 1985. Nuclease (ZFN) interacts with three specific base pairs of DNA that cause double-strand breaks at a targeted site in the genome. It requires two proteins. ZFNs are used to introduce mutations via (NHEJ), which is a natural repair process used to join the two ends of a broken DNA strand back together. ZFNs have been used to modify plants, but the technique is not always accurate as it sometimes targets the wrong sequence (NASEM, 2016). An example of where this technique has been used is in the modification of the endogenous tobacco acetolactate synthase genes, which is the target enzyme for two types of herbicides. By using ZFN and a donor molecule, mutations were induced, thus generating plants which were herbicide resistant (see Novak, 2019). The production and cost of production of ZFNs is prohibitively expensive. It can take months to conduct an experiment using ZFNs for gene editing. 2. 4 activator-like effectors (TALEs) followed zinc finger nucleases and preceded -Cas9 as effective genome editing tools. The discovery of TALEs was first published in 2009 in Science by scientists at University in Halle, Germany. TALEs are proteins with a unique DNA-binding domain that presents a predictable and programmable specificity.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Anthropologists can predict future cultural trends with certainty. [SEP] Text: The four substructures are: the core indole or imidazole ring; which is attached by a linking group to a secondary structure with a tail substitute on the core group. Synthetic cannabinoids are prepared in large batches and sprayed over botanical material and then marketed in small packages. As governments start to prohibit the use of more classical synthetic cannabinoids, structurally variable indole synthetic cannabinoids have started to be present in forensic samples that had not been seen in the literature previously. 6 As governments continue to outlaw specific structural moiety changes to the napthyl ring a class of compounds was created called adamantoylindoles. These compounds were created by replacing a napthyl ring with an adamantyl ring; and were titled third generation synthetic cannabinoids. 6 This name arose as the changed the federal scheduling to include certain cannabinoids like JWH-018 into Schedule 1. 6 The name has persisted into future generations including the third, fourth, and fifth generation compounds that are the focus of this review. Halogenation of the aliphatic side chain is a popular way of modifying one of the established cannabinoid receptor agonists to increase their potency and create a structural analog to evade law enforcement detection. This has prompted blends of compounds that include the parent compound, its halogenated counterpart, and in some cases earlier synthetic cannabinoids. For example, compounds appear on the market as (AKB-48) and ADB-together within a mixture alongside the 5-fluoropentyl analogs. 7-11 PB-22 and 5F-PB-22 were first reported as the drugs in a 2009 patent filed by the pharmaceutical manufacturer Pfizer. 12 ADB-was first encountered by law enforcement following reports of serious events in both Georgia and Colorado. 13 This review will attempt to spotlight the third, fourth, and fifth generation synthetic cannabinoids including the ones featured in Figure 1-12. Uchiyama et al. 14 published the identification of two synthetic cannabinoids APICA and that were illegally produced and sold. The identification used a variety of instrumentation including ultra high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array and mass spectrometry detection (UHPLC-DAD-MS). Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), positive mode direct analysis in real time –time of flight spectrometry (DART-TOF) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were used to overcome the problem of structural similarity.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Zero-waste fashion encourages recycling garments instead of disposing of them. [SEP] Text: Research Problem: that affect the environment and productivity of ready-made garment factories. Research Aim: Provide a trend for the use of threads made of cotton textile exhaust with varying blending ratios with polyester. Study the average cost of the manufactured piece of recycled materials compared to the piece manufactured from traditional materials, and its suitability for the functional purposes. Assisting officials of garment factories in obtaining a new strategy in dealing with technical and economical manner with the exhausts of cotton fabrics stacked. Developing methods for dealing with textile waste from a new perspective. The method used: Analytical experimental methods. Experimental Work: The cotton shear residues from the garment factories were assembled and a dye removal phase was carried out, Using Hydrosulfate, The objective is to produce three blends of different proportions and operate them on the open end system as follows: Resulting in 6 samples with different specifications under study and application. Several tests were conducted to determine the functional properties of the products (Pilling Resistance- Elongation- maximum force- Fabric Stiffness-weight- Wash Fastness- Rubbing Fastness- Color Strength). The study is based on the collection and exploitation the ready-made garment factories ( a men's cotton shirt). Results,: of Ready-Factories can be used and recycled to produce usable yarns, fabrics and clothing. The savings rate for the yarn produced ranges from 38% to 66%. It is recommended to employ samples produced of children's clothing, Due to their rapid growth change, which makes the duration of their use less time to avoid frequent friction and washing. All textile samples have a weight suitable for summer clothes. Stay away from the following products: shorts, pants and sleeveless Clothes.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Gene editing can produce crops that are completely resistant to any type of pest. [SEP] Text: TALEs are made and used by plant pathogenic bacteria to control plant genes during infection. In nature, TALEs bind to plant DNA sequences and activate genes. The bacteria encode TALEs through a simple code that has been exploited to engineer proteins with custom site specificity in any target genome (Boch et al. , 2009; Moscou & Bogdanove 2009; NASEM, 2016, 2017a). The ease of the design for specific target DNA sequences of the TALEs revolutionized genome editing. can be fused with the nuclease domain of FokI (a restriction endonuclease—a ‘cleaver’ enzyme) and utilized to edit the genome, referred to as Transcription Activator-Nucleases (TALENs). TALENs are used in pairs like ZFNs to affect targeted mutations. TALENs have a higher efficiency than ZFNs and have been used to alter the genomes of a variety of different organisms. TALENs have been used to edit genomes in rice, maize, wheat, and soybean (Baltes & Voytas, 2014; NASEM, 2016). TALENs have also been used experimentally to correct mutations that cause human disease. experiments require two proteins. Production is relatively easy, and significantly more cost effective than meganucleases and ZFNs. Gene editing experiments using TALENs can take weeks, as opposed to months as with previous techniques. However, researchers continue to improve upon TALENs. In 2020, a rapid TALENs preparation protocol was developed. This has improved reproducibility and efficiency of this gene editing technique according to the for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA, 2023). Footnote 6TALENs has been used in several plants to improve agronomic characteristics or nutritional profiles. For example, TALENs has been used to create soybeans with low levels of polyunsaturated fats. Oils with lower levels of these fats are considered healthier compared to oils that can be hydrogenated to produce trans-fatty acids (ISAAA, 2023). Soybeans that produce high oleic acid (the ‘healthier’ fat) emerged on the US market beginning in 2019 in the form of soybean oil. TALENs has also been used in rice to breed resistance to bacterial blight.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Anthropologists can predict future cultural trends with certainty. [SEP] Text: 14 This successful identification supports the idea that new synthetic cannabinoids can be identified using classical forensic technology, allowing for laboratories to maintain casework proficiency. Veress et al. 15 examined herbal mixtures of AKB-48, AB---22, AB-5F-PB-22, and AM-2201 that were seized on the Hungarian black market. The examination was conducted using Resonance (ATR) (FTIR), and confirmation with GC-MS. The authors examined different solvents including n-hexane, methanol, chloroform, and acetone to determine the most efficient one. The upper clear liquid phase was used for FTIR analysis. After evaporation of the solvent and examination of the results of the residues, it was noted that the best spectra for residues were obtained after application of acetone. Data was collected between 4000/cm and 6000/cm with a resolution of 4/cm for 32 scans. The results were confirmed using GC-MS. 15 Hasegawa et al. 16 was the first to state that the presence of AB-5F-fluoro-AMB and diphenidine were found in herbal incense (Super Lemon). This compound caused the death of a 30-year-old male. Using GC-MS and comparing it to the spectral library the total ion chromatogram (TIC) showed two distinct peaks, leading to the conclusion that one would be the SCs, and the other diphenidine after comparing mass spectral patterns to an established library. 16 The more information that is collected and maintained about these compounds allows for scientists and clinicians to know how to start investigations when new compounds may arise from the black market (Figure 1-12). Figure 1 AB-Fubinaca. Figure 2 ADB-Fubinaca. Figure 3 AB-Pinaca. Figure 4 ADB-Pinaca. Figure 5 5F-AB-Pinaca. Figure 6 5F-ADB-Fubinaca. Figure 7 AB-Fubica. Figure 8 ADB-Fubica. Figure 9 AB-Pica. Figure 10 ADBica. Figure 11 5F-AB-Pica. Figure 12 5F-ADBica. Pharmacology and toxicology Not unlike more classical synthetic cannabinoids, these generations of cannabinoids affects the cardiovascular system by decreasing heart rate.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Zero-waste fashion encourages recycling garments instead of disposing of them. [SEP] Text: وتعتبر بقایا فضلات الأقمشة من العوادم قلیلة الاستغلال التی ینبغی الاستفادة منها لذا فإن إعادة تدویر بقایا الأقمشة وتوظیفها بما یعیدها صالحة للاستعمال فی إنتاج منتجات جدیدة یؤدى الى تحقیق أرباح وترشید الاستهلاک بالاستفادة العظمى من الخامات النسجیة.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Gene editing can produce crops that are completely resistant to any type of pest. [SEP] Text: Through gene editing, scientists were able to generate inheritable disease resistance. TALENs has also been used to reduce acrylamide in potatoes, maize, and wheat, as well as breed resistance to wheat powdery mildew. Further applications of TALENs include utilizing sugarcane and algae in the biofuels industry (ISAAA, 2023). 2. 5 -Cas9(-Cas9) system as a gene editing tool was reported in 2012 (Doudna & Charpentier, 2014). is a naturally occurring mechanism found in bacteria. Bacteria harbour as an innate defense mechanism against viruses and plasmidsFootnote 7 that uses RNA-guided nucleases to target the break or cut of foreign DNA sequences. The bacteria retain fragments of foreign DNA which provides it with some immunity to viruses. -Cas systems can generate a range of DNA edits which are synonymous with those found in natural populations. Multiple genetic changes can be achieved in a single generation (Lyzenga et al. , 2021). -Cas9 has received the most academic attention, namely because it is more precise in targeting specific genes than other techniques and is more economical to use than other gene editing techniques mentioned above. This has improved the timeliness of experimenting with this technique, and reduced the costs associated with gene editing research. It is the most recently introduced of all gene editing platforms and appears to have the highest accuracy of all gene editing techniques discussed here. -Cas9 is the gene-editing platform in which RNA homologous with the targeted gene is combined with the Cas9 (DNA snipping enzyme). Cas9 gives the ability to alter DNA sequences. Cas9 makes up part of the “toolkit” for the -Cas9 system of genome editing. The other is a homing device that can be programmed to target the DNA sequence of interest, imparting precise control over the location of edits. Scientists have dissected the innate -Cas9 system and re-engineered it in such a way that a single RNA, the guide RNA, is needed for Cas9-mediated cleavage of a target sequence in a genome (Alvarez, 2021; Sander & Joung, 2014).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Anthropologists can predict future cultural trends with certainty. [SEP] Text: A case report linked ADB-to 59% of patients who experienced tachycardia, and to one patient who experienced a myocardial infarction. 17 The third and fourth generation synthetic cannabinoids show effects on the central nervous system (CNS), and in one case report 22 patients were admitted to the emergency room after confirmed use of ADB-. Some patients reported significant CNS effects including confusion/disorientation, somnolence/unresponsiveness and aggression. 18 Although these symptoms may appear to be minor, they can have a negative impact on an individual’s ability to perform daily tasks; this impairment has also been studied in relation to driving. 19,20 Gurney et al. 12 wrote a comprehensive review explaining many of the pharmacological and toxicological effects of classical synthetic cannabinoids. This reported receptor-binding study to determine binding affinities to CB1 and CB2 receptors. For example delta-9-tetrahydracannabinol binds to both receptors, AB-has a 100-fold increase in binding affinity to the CB1 receptor that can lead to an increased abuse potential. 12 The review also reported information on the efficacy of classical synthetic cannabinoids, as well as reporting that a single atom substitution of a halogen has a dramatic effect on binding affinity both positively and negatively. Finally, it also reported various physiological effects including kidney damage, tachycardia, and serious CNS effects after exposure to ADB-. The literature that documents these effects can be helpful to predict the effects of new generations of synthetic cannabinoids, as the trend has been the effects are all similar to marijuana exposure. This review will turn the focus to indazole carboxamide derivatives, sometimes known as third, fourth, and fifth generation synthetic cannabinoids. A variety of different studies have been conducted involving the metabolism, pharmacology, and adverse effects of these synthetic cannabinoids. This review aims to explain the most recent advancements and discoveries of the newer generation synthetic cannabinoids to help better understand metabolic pathways, which will only assist in determining not only the cause of certain symptoms clinically, but also post-mortem distribution to help future exploration of compounds that arise from the black market. Hasegawa et al. 16 reported a fatal case of drug poisoning of a 30 year old man, who was found dead in his car, with herbal incense (Super Lemon) containing multiple compounds including AB-5F fluoro-AMB, and diphenidine.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Zero-waste fashion encourages recycling garments instead of disposing of them. [SEP] Text: کما نجد بعض الشرکات التی تخلق قطع ملبسیه جدیدة من قصاصات الملابس القدیمة. من خلال الجمع ووضع إضافات جدیدة، و یتم تسویق هذه الملابس کنوع متفرد وجدید. إعادة تدویر المنسوجات: معنى إعادة تدویر النسیج لیس سوى إعادة استخدام مواد الهدر التی یتم إنتاجها فی حیاتنا. إنهیار\ تکسیر\ فرم النسیج إلى الألیاف: کسر النسیج إلى الألیاف من خلال التقطیع، تمزیق، والتمشیط، وغیرها من العملیات المیکانیکیة. ثم یتم إعادة هندسة الألیاف إلى المنتجات ذات القیمة المضافة.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Gene editing can produce crops that are completely resistant to any type of pest. [SEP] Text: Guide RNA (short segments of RNA used to direct the DNA-cutting enzyme to the target location in the genome) design requirements are limited to a unique sequence of about 20 nucleotides in the genome (to prevent off-target effects) and are restricted near the Motif sequence (PAM),Footnote 8 which is specific for the -Cas9 system. Newer applications of include the use of two guide RNAs with a modified nuclease that “nicks” one strand of the DNA, providing greater specificity for targeted deletions. The ease of design, the specificity of the guide RNA, and the simplicity of the -Cas9 system have resulted in rapid demonstration of the utility of this method of editing genomes in plants and other organisms (Baltes & Voytas, 2014). -Cas9 is a versatile and robust gene editing tool for crop improvement. Because of its efficiency and accuracy, this method is rapidly becoming the most widely used approach for performing gene editing. For example, researchers from the Institute of of Argentina (INTA) used -Cas9 to develop non-browning potatoes and lactose-free cow’s milk. -Cas9 has also been used to increase alfalfa productivity and quality (Laaninen, 2020: 8). -mediated gene knockout has been applied in rice, barley, soy, maize, wheat, tomato, potato, lettuce, citrus trees, mushrooms, cucumbers, grapes, watermelon, and others (Liang et al. , 2014). What seems to baffle some of the scientists we interviewed is the artificial distinctions arising in public debates over the safety and risks of gene editing—between genomic editing and mutations that take place in a controlled laboratory setting versus mutations that happen in nature. The distinction between manufactured risks and natural risks seems to be at the centre of the debate over the safety of gene editing in the agrifood system; though at a conceptual level, mutations or changes to genomes happen in nature. Informant 6 and Informant 7 (an NGO representative and a research scientist, respectively) had similar things to say about how the perception of the safety of gene editing compared to ‘conventional’ breeding techniques such as mutagenesis is distorted in the public dialogue on biotechnology in the agrifood system.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Anthropologists can predict future cultural trends with certainty. [SEP] Text: Samples for toxicology examinations were taken from femoral vein blood, heart blood, urine, and eight solid tissues including adipose tissue. This report was the first to state the presence of AB-5F fluoro-AMB, and diphenidine in postmortem human specimens. Different extraction procedures were used for the urine, blood, and solid tissue samples. Standard addition was used to overcome matrix effects and increase accuracy. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used for the analysis. This was the first report of the postmortem distribution of these compounds. This report showed that these three drugs were distributed post-mortem to adipose and other fatty tissue using a validated method that could be expanded to newly emerging synthetic cannabinoids. Hasegawa et al. 16 also reported the post mortem distribution of MAB-. In this case report, MAB-was reported in the highest concentration in pericardial blood and whole blood specimens. The highest concentration in solid tissues was found in the liver, then the kidney and pancreas. The method was identical to what was previously reported, but standard addition was used to overcome the matrix effects that were experienced. The group reported that the time between administration and cardiac arrest prevented the compound from accumulating in adipose tissue. It was also interesting to see the drug was accumulating in the kidney, possibly in an effort to remove it from the system. 21 Freijo et al. 22 used a simple approach to detect and quantify many classical synthetic cannabinoids as well as AB-using LC-MS/MS. In this research they spiked drug-free urine samples with various synthetic cannabinoids and their metabolites. Urine samples from patients and known users were hydrolyzed with β-glucuronidase, and then separated and detected. Analytical figures of merit including a low limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), upper limit of linearity (ULOL), precision and accuracy were all determined. The screening method was difficult to use for the determination of metabolites due to matrix effects. 22 Scheidweiler et al. 23 developed and validated a highly useful novel method for 47 synthetic cannabinoid metabolites from 21 synthetic cannabinoids in urine samples utilizing a LC-QTOF method. The hydrolysis and extraction procedures were optimized and analytical figures of merit determined. data were acquired in positive electrospray mode.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Zero-waste fashion encourages recycling garments instead of disposing of them. [SEP] Text: ج فستان واسع للأطفال: العینة نمرة 20 بنسب خلط (30قطن\ 70 بولى إستر) تم تنفیذ عدد 2منتج أطفال: وفقاً للاختبارات التی تم إجرائها على العینة وجد أنها تمتاز بالصلابة وقوة الشد بالنسبة للسداء وخفیفة نسبیاَ من حیث الوزن مقارنة بالعینات الأخرى، مما یجعلها تصلح لتنفیذ المنتجات التالیة: (1) منتج فستان أطفال بکسرات من الجنب: (2) منتج فستان أطفال بکسرات من الأمام الخلاصة Conclusion: أمکن الاستفادة من عوادم صناعة الملابس وإعادة تدویرها لإنتاج خیوط، أقمشة وملابس صالحة للاستخدام.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Gene editing can produce crops that are completely resistant to any type of pest. [SEP] Text: Informant 7 notes, …if you compare [gene editing] to a conventional breeding technique like a random mutagenesis which is considered conventional, it’s in the organic section of the grocery store, you get hundreds to thousands of random mutations per plant, using those techniques. And what? It’s fine. Those plants have been on the market and we’ve been eating them for a hundred years, and they’re fine. But that’s a lot of unintended mutations that we don’t even know about. Whereas with gene editing, if you get unintended mutations off-target first of all, we tend to know exactly where they would be, because they happen in regions that are very similar to the region that we’re targeting. We can scan those, and we do. We look at that, and we can tell if it’s been enough target mutation. …. And secondly, we’re certainly not getting thousands from the gene editing process itself. Informant 7 had more to say about genetic mutations in agrifood plants. They continue, they’re fine, I mean one rice plant. It produces a seed and that seed has around 40 mutations, random. We don’t know where they are. They’re all unintended. They’re all just…who knows? And it’s fine. No problem…Mutations happen, and that’s a good thing. That’s how things evolve. That’s how things adapt. /on Another recent discovery in the -Cas system is ‘’ which is a technique using -Cas9 to turn genes ‘on’, but which also has the potential to turn them ‘off’ (Nunez et al. , 2021). is a reversible tool for controlling gene expression that is specific, precise, and inheritable. It involves the addition of a chemical tag to the DNA making it inaccessible for reading and subsequent protein production. In the paper published in Cell, Nunez et al. (2021) describe how to modify ’s basic architecture to extend its reach beyond the genome and into what is known as the epigenome—proteins and small molecules that latch onto DNA and control when and where genes are switched on or off.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Anthropologists can predict future cultural trends with certainty. [SEP] Text: While the method was sensitive, it was often difficult to get baseline resolution, lowering selectivity in authentic specimens. Limits of detection (LOD) were measured as 0. 25-5μg/L (N = 10 unique fortified urine samples). allowed for increased selectivity versus normal non-targeted acquisitions. These measurements also need to be taken with caution because there was such analytical variation in the case reported on. 23 Peterson and Couper24 also reported that synthetic cannabinoids appear to have an impact on impaired driving behavior. In their study, it was observed that with exposure to AB-and AB-horizontal gaze nystagmus was present in 50-60% of the cases, and blood pressure was lowered in 80% of the cases. This reiterates the cardiovascular effects previously reported in this paper. This study also reported consistent results of the determination of impairment using the field sobriety test. 24 Karinen et al. 25 reported the concentrations of 5-and UR-144, in whole blood samples collected from driving under the influence of drug (DUID) cases. UR-144 was found in two cases, 5F-in one case, and concurrent findings of both and 5F-in three cases. The analyses were performed using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS-MS). and 5F-were found in concentrations ranging from 0. 24 to 24. 5 mg/L and 0. 9 to 6. 6 mg/L, respectively. 25 This study confirms impairment found in previous studies. While investigating how these compounds are broken down in the human body remains difficult with such little sample volume, groups have used other in vivo and in vitro methods to characterize pharmacological and toxicological effects. As the research advances, case reports have made this research more applicable. Gandhi et al. 26 was the first study to report the metabolic profile of AKB-48 () by incubating 10μM with human hepatocytes (1. 3×10^6 cells/mL) in 20-mL glass scintillation vials, constant shaking in an incubator set at 37°C. The samples were removed in a time course of zero, one, and three hours and the reaction was stopped with an equal volume of acetonitrile to precipitate proteins. Analysis was performed using UHPLC-MS/MS.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The rise of digital nomadism is transforming the global workforce landscape. [SEP] Text: For instance, at Company A, the (PM) made sure that the PMO maintained effective communication with each of its team members and customers using technology while making sure that each member of the team was able to use the technology easily by adjusting to IMs on cell phones, using video calls, using chat instead of emails while using the computer, and using video conference software such as Microsoft Teams, Zoom, and or WebEx. It did cause some frustration within the group when someone did not know how to connect to a meeting or how to use virtual conference etiquette because they were not used to working remotely [13, 14]. 3. 2 Lack of timely access to informationWhen remote work was authorized by the executive leaders of for the PMO team members, there were some challenges at the beginning. One of the major challenges was receiving the information on time to meet several deadlines, which caused minor delays when the PMO team members were adjusting to their newly founded remote work status. The onsite workers have now started to rely on sending the information by email, uploading it to a secure server, using screen share, and/or video conference meetings to pass along the information [15, 16, 17]. They had to quickly adjust on how and where to send the information because, in comparison to the pre-COVID-19 era, the PMO support workers would usually go to the operational site, manufacturing, or production floor to retrieve the information by a handoff paper copy from the MRO worker. If a signature was required on a document, then now the MRO worker would have to sign and scan it to send it to the PMO worker. This involved extra steps that the MRO onsite worker had to complete. The DocuSign software was implemented later to speed up the process of signing documents [16, 17]. Another example of software that was implemented involved the utilization of project management software such as and Minitab, which allows team members to track progress and communicate updates in real-time. This not only fosters better teamwork but also guarantees alignment and a unified focus on common objectives. However, it is crucial to emphasize that successful collaboration within a remote workforce hinges on well-defined anticipations, a program manager that adapts to the remote work environment, transparent communication, and a robust foundation of trust among the team members.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Gene editing can produce crops that are completely resistant to any type of pest. [SEP] Text: The researchers show that once a gene is switched off, it remains inert in the cell’s descendants for hundreds of generations, unless it is switched back on with a complementary tool called. Discussions have emerged regarding how to classify organisms that have had applied to their genome. If the genome is not changed, but there is genetic manipulation, is it a GMO? Identification of organisms produced using would be difficult to identify, as critics of gene editing in general have noted (Williams, 2021). These are advancements that may require new regulatory scrutiny in the coming years as their applications evolve, and the need for innovative ways to address climate change and food insecurity become even more pressing. However, many countries, such as Canada and Argentina, have designed their regulatory frameworks based on a risk assessment of products, not how the organism was developed. Therefore, as the of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (NASEM) (2017a, p. 108) document states, “risk assessment endpoints for future biotechnology products are not new compared with those that have been identified for existing biotechnology products”. The benefit of having a regulatory system tooled to conduct risk assessments for previous and current biotechnologies in the agrifood system on a case-by-case basis is the built-in ability to assess future, unknown technologies for future, unknown risks. However, regulatory systems may have to continually update and adapt to assess yet unknown risks that accompany new breeding techniques. As the NAESM (2017a) report cautions—if regulatory systems are not prepared for the wave of new breeding techniques on the horizon, there will be stifling of innovation and a slowing in the development of products that can be useful tools in combating food insecurity and climate change. Table 2. 3 lists applications of gene editing in the agrifood plant breeding space, including the type of NBT used in the breeding process, the type of quality improvement (food & feed and/or agronomic), the trait that was the specific focus of the breeding initiative, country of origin and research organization(s) responsible for developing the application. Table 2. 3 Applications of gene editing in agrifood plant breedingFull size table 3 ConclusionDue to their accuracy, lower costs and application simplicity, genome editing tools can introduce valuable quantitative and qualitative traits into plants. Current research is focusing on improving agronomic traits including drought resistance, increased yield, pathogen resistance, and decreased time to ripening.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Anthropologists can predict future cultural trends with certainty. [SEP] Text: Seventeen AKB-48 metabolites were identified based upon a predefined filtering criterion. Major metabolites were identified which included monohydroxylated, dihydroxylated, trihydroxylated, and mono- and dihydroxylated glucuronide conjugates, and dihydroxylated with ketone formation at the N-pentyl side chain. 26 Thomsen et al. 27 studied the metabolism of two indazole carboxamide derivatives, AB-and AB-by incubation with human liver microsomes (HLM), and human pulmonary microsomes (HPM). The major metabolites were the carboxylic acid derivatives of both synthetic cannabinoids. Other major metabolic pathways were mono-hydroxylation of the N-pentyl chain in AB-and mono-hydroxylation of the 1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutane moiety in AB-. This group indicated based on binding affinity, esterase inhibition assays and UPLC-MS analysis that carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) was the major enzyme responsible for the amide hydrolysis in human hepatic and enzymatic cells. 27 Banister et al. 28 further narrowed the chemistry to compounds based on the indole and indazole scaffolds to investigate the pharmacology and chemistry of these compounds. This study not only synthesized these compounds, but also investigated the activity at the CB1 and CB2 receptors by comparing activity to that of Δ-9-tetrahydracannabinol. Using murine neuroblastoma cells, the group showed an effect on hyper polarization in these cells. The group determined that even the least potent synthetic cannabinoid studied was still 1,000 times more potent than Δ-9-tetrahydracannabinol. The group also determined a dose dependent hypothermic effect while also causing the heart of the rat to beat irregularly. These effects could be reversed by the use of a CB1 antagonist, confirming case reports in humans. 28 Takayama et al. 29 performed an important experiment about ADB---and 5F-QUPIC, by using liver microsomes in 2014. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was dissolved with 2μL of 5mM parent substrate (ADB---5 F-QUPIC), and combined with freshly prepared solutions of the NADPH regeneration system solutions.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The rise of digital nomadism is transforming the global workforce landscape. [SEP] Text: It is an advanced administrative duty that requires input from software, flow charts, process monitoring, and schedules. They establish timelines, assign resources to the schedule, set up Zoom call meetings with the HOL sector or customers, and procure and order parts just like they would do if they were at the organization sitting in a cubicle [19]. Manager (PM) at set forth certain requirements for each of the PMO team members if they decided to work remotely because the managing dynamic changed from an onsite workforce to a remote workforce. In this instance, everyone in the PMO department decided to work remotely, which helped the program manager easily adjust the management style. The PM needed to make sure that everyone on the team understood that they were going to be evaluated on the quality of their work, the timeliness of their deliverables, and their availability to other team members. Indicators (KPI) were enhanced so the PM could successfully monitor the team’s progress and provide up-to-date feedback to keep the PMO aligned with their set goals [20]. 3. 5 Technological issuesThere are certain MRO workers at who could work remotely because they did not need to be at the facility or near the aircraft. These types of workers were branded as non-essential during the COVID-19 era and could work out of the Office (PMO). Though very important to the organization, they can perform their work at any location if they have a work-issued cell phone and a work-issued laptop. Technology and the ability to connect to the worksite or its onsite servers or cloud servers is a very important aspect of working remotely [21]. Let us take, for example, those employees from who must travel to work at different work sites but still need access to Company A’s servers. None of this is new to because the business development department has personnel who travel and connect remotely from any part of the country. Company A’s technology during the pre-COVID-19 era was prepared to handle only around 30 personnel who may be on travel at the same time. The issue is that after the pandemic, a larger majority of the workforce is connecting remotely, and the organization’s (IT) department had to upgrade its servers and technology to be capable of handling all these remote workers’ requests for connection to the servers [22]. also had to issue everyone in the PMO department a company cell phone and laptop for remote work.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Gene editing can produce crops that are completely resistant to any type of pest. [SEP] Text: -Cas9 platforms are not perfect, and can result in off-target modifications, unwanted on-target modifications, and genomic rearrangements. ZFN and TALENs systems continue to evolve and are improving in terms of accuracy, cost and time requirements. A number of new techniques are on the horizon and are discussed in greater detail in Chap. 4. Notes1. For terms related to genome editing techniques, please refer to “Glossary. ”2. Another way that experts in this area have helped to make discussions surrounding gene editing more accessible is through published glossaries of scientific terms that are often used in discussions. Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (NASEM) (2017b) published a detailed glossary of terms explaining what specific words mean in accessible language. Though this specific document focuses on human genome editing, much of the terminology is similar to terms used in agribiotech discussions. 3. Gene expression is the process by which RNA and proteins are made from instructions in the genes. Alterations in gene expression change the functions of cells, tissues, organs, or whole organisms and sometimes result in observable characteristics associated with a particular gene, such as eye colour or hair colour (adapted from NASEM, 2017b: 264). 4. Synthetic oligonucleotides are short nucleic acid chains that can act in a specific manner to control gene expression. 5. Homology refers to a sequence of two different genes that are similar and emerged from a common evolutionary ancestor gene. 6. (2023) No. 59: Innovation: -Nucleases. plasmid is an extrachromosomal DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently. It can be introduced via bacteria, plants, animals, fungi, or unicellular organisms. 8. ‘Protospacer adjacent motif sequence’ (PAM) is a 2–6-base pair DNA sequence immediately following the DNA sequence targeted by the Cas9 nuclease in the bacterial adaptive immune system. The PAM is a component of the invading virus or plasmid, but is not found in the bacterial host genome and hence is not a component of the bacterial locus (Karvelis et al. , 2015). 131. 1512. 9. Science, 346(6213), 1258096. 584. 220. 276. 242. 253. T. (2020).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Anthropologists can predict future cultural trends with certainty. [SEP] Text: The identification of the metabolites derived from --and 5 F-QUPIC, were determined by comparison of the MS data, selected ion chromatograms (SICs), and MS/MS product ion spectra before and after the metabolism reaction by the human liver microsomes. 29 Debruyne & Le Boisselier30 reviewed information from clinical professionals and found that as a general rule, the synthetic cannabinoids that acted as agonists show little selectivity between the two receptors, while those that act as antagonists are highly selective in vitro. In mice, the group also described agonistic binding to CB1 receptors resulting in euphoria, anxiety, or alteration of memory. Based on case reports, the group reported effects beginning only a few minutes from inhalation and lasting approximately 2-6 hours. Case reports also showed that neurological and cardiovascular effects occur. This review also showed the extensive metabolism not only of these compounds but all synthetic cannabinoids is prevalently hydroxylation and glucuronidation. It is important to note that CYP enzymes appear to be responsible for the oxidative metabolism, specifically CYP3A4. Diagnostically, the group stressed clinicians to look for signs consistent with cannabis use and a negative cannabinoid screen to suspect synthetic cannabinoid use and abuse. 30 Chen et al. 31 narrowed the scope to one compound, AB-. The group looked at the oxidative fate of the compound in Wistar rats as well as the effect on genetic expression in the liver and the heart. Using LC-TOF/MS, the group determined after a time course, that excretion was readily detected three hours after injection and the excreted produced decreased gradually but was approximately 50% of the concentration at three hours, demonstrating slow degradation. The group also concluded that two derivatives were increasing with time in urine, consistent with the previously reported hydroxylated metabolites. 31 In gene expression, seventeen genes were up regulated and eleven down regulated in the liver while thirteen were up regulated and three down regulated in the heart after treatment. Treatment with AB-was concluded to have an effect on the cellular response. The study also concluded that there was a 2-fold decrease of HaO2 gene expression. In rats, it was considered an ideal gene for regulating systolic blood pressure and has a potential link to hypertension. The study showed decreased levels of HaO2 mRNA after treatment suggesting AB-has a potential to regulate blood pressure and heart disease.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Coworking spaces are popular among digital nomads for networking and work support. [SEP] Text: The consumption of the place is also pointed out by Liegl (2014, p. 174) for work nomads who use CWSs, cafés and similar places for working: “like the flaneur roaming the urban landscape, these nomadic workers go tohappening places’ and let the social scenery comprised of human and non-human elements pass by. ”11. This also shows that the “Free Seating” (interview Thomas, para. 124) in relation to the flex-desk concept and the flexibility of the workspaces to modify them and adapt them to one’s own needs also has limits. For example, there is the unwritten rule not to take the screens from the to the Creative Space. Although the flexibility and change of the spaces are repeatedly emphasized in the interviews, this is done within the framework of such (unwritten) rules. 12. Timo uses the everyday concept of atmosphere here. do not mention this term in the interview, Timo uses it eleven times in the course of the interview. 13. This refers to the ambiguity of the expression to be (regarding both meanings: Where are you? and How are you? ) or “sich befinden”” in German, as Böhme (2013b, p. 122) highlights it for the phenomenon of atmosphere (see Sect. 3. 2. 1). 14. Cf. Sect. 6. 4 on the Research Design. 15. Till also picks up the term atmosphere again himself, without it having been used by me as the interviewer in the interview. The term is mentioned for the first time at this point and is used a total of three times by Till in the interview. 16. Other interviewees also attribute “openness” to the interactive spaces. Another example is Sargas coworker Sabine, who says about the Sargas Café: “I also think so, yes, with the kitchen it is so OPEN. (2) I think that’s nice. Yes, where there is an open atmosphere. ” (Sabine, para. 85) Openness has, similar to warmth, a synesthetic character, whereby “the question of the generators, […] i. e. by which arrangements one can evoke the experience of such synesthesias” (Böhme 2013b, p.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Gene editing can turn any plant into a high-yield, nutrient-rich food source. [SEP] Text: Moreover, the simplicity and low cost of this technique compared to cumbersome and less precise conventional engineering techniques based on the introduction of foreign genes into an organism’s genome aiming to achieve desired traits led us to compile in this book 23. 1. Fig. 23. 1Schematic overview about the research topic of the book 2. 1 In tomato plants, the fruit set process is essential to ensure an adequate yield. Nevertheless, this physiological stage is widely affected by various factors including genetics, environment, and plant hormones [9]. A high fruit set results in a larger number of marketable tomatoes, which increases tomato growers’ production and profits. In the tomato industry, the maturing period also influences the timing of harvesting and logistics. For instance, Guo et al. [10] worked with -Cas9-mediated SlCMT4 mutants aiming to improve the fruit set in tomato. The gene SlCMT4 (Solanum lycopersicum -4) is involved in the biosynthesis of lignin and also participate in the fruit set process. The loss of function of mutated plants resulted in defective stamens and pistils, small fruit size with reduced setting rate, demonstrating the crucial role of this gene in reproductive organs in tomato. Tomato ripening is indeed a carefully orchestrated process of growth that aligns with seed maturation, and its modification through genetic engineering is of great importance because it affects fruit quality attributes such as taste and texture, nutritional value, and shelf life [11]. /Cas9, Gao et al. [12] overexpressed the SlNAM1 locus in tomato plants. This gene governs the ethylene generation and fruit maturing processes in tomato plants. The overexpression of SlNAM1 did result in an earlier onset of fruit maturation, as well as quicker softening and color changes, in comparison with control plants. SlNAC9 is a NAC transcription factor implicated in several physiological processes as well as in pigment metabolism in tomato fruit. The loss of function in SlNAC9 tomato mutants generated by genetic engineering (/Cas9) resulted in exhibited delayed fruit ripening and reduced accumulation of carotenoids, which are important pigments that contribute to the color and nutritional quality of tomato fruit [13]. Similarly, Gao et al. [14] investigated the role of the tomato SlNAC4 (NAC transcription factor) gene in fruit maturation.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Anthropologists can predict future cultural trends with certainty. [SEP] Text: 31 As LC-TOF/MS methods improve, more information about the pharmacology of specific compounds is being revealed. Vikingsson et al. 32 used HLM as well as authentic urine samples to determine oxidative metabolites of and its halogenated analog 5F-AKB-48. The group identified four standout metabolites, one mono-hydroxylated metabolite, one diadamantyl hydroxylated metabolite, one adamantyl-pentyl-hydroxylated metabolite and one diadamantyl-hydroxylated metabolite. The metabolites identified in the halogenated analog were a dihydroxylated and keto-metabolite, a 5F-monohydroxylated metabolite, and a 5F-dihydroxylated metabolite. Although the group found many similarities with the HLM and case subjects, variation appears to be dose dependent, as well as varied by metabolic activity. 32 New generations of synthetic cannabinoids are emerging and it is imperative as toxicologists that we remain aware of emerging compounds but also emerging technologies. Westin et al. 33 reported the emergence of another similar synthetic cannabinoid named MDMB-. The group used LC-QTOF-MS and the compound was determined in the serum sample from a patient that was found unconscious with an unknown brown powder. The serum sample contained the compound, and compared to the tested splenic tissue, the group determined an overdose of MDMB-was likely the cause of death. 33 synthetic cannabinoids continue to change to avoid detection it remains important to elicit data to be able to predict these compounds activity. As clinicians continue to see patients that have a negative cannabinoid screen, it is important to remain aware of new technologies to determine these drugs. Also, the important information that can be determined about the metabolism, pharmacology and toxicology allows researchers to continue the studies further into phase II metabolism as well as to lessen the variation in pharmacokinetic studies. Method development only increases the chances for clinicians to be able to treat synthetic cannabinoid exposure more effectively. More development is needed to improve the screening process to allow for high throughput screening of sprayed botanical material and powders as well as biological matrices.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Coworking spaces are popular among digital nomads for networking and work support. [SEP] Text: 135) argues that the open-plan office is merely a “work-physiologically and psychotechnically modified mass work hall of office work”: “All technical, spatial-organizational and spatial-aesthetic measures for modifying and qualitatively transforming the traditional work hall deliberately change and conceal the appearances of the unequal power relations within the bureaucratic large-scale enterprises” (Fritz 1982, p. 135). 15. Rather, it is the ideas of dissolution that are reproduced in these flexible office space concepts: “Only the project should be meaningful for office work, not the place where work is done” (Petendra 2015, p. 234). 16. In this respect, it resembles the Business Club. However, in the open-space office, the mixture of cells and open zone is not predefined. The individual workstations can therefore also be located in the open zone. 17. In the context of this work, I use the term “non-human” to emphasize the elements of space that are not persons, such as office architecture, furniture, artifacts, walls, but also colors or light (see in detail Sect. 3. 3. 1). 18. In doing so, the creatively working design producers, according to Reckwitz (2014, p. 182), also become design consumers: “A designed work environment in the broadest sense is a prerequisite for post-industrial work” (ibid. ). 19. According to Liegl (2014, p. 163), a digital nomad is “a mobile knowledge worker equipped with digital technologies to work ‘anytime, anywhere’. ” Digital nomads are therefore persons who work almost exclusively with digital technologies in a mobile way. This is associated with a nomadic way of life, which is characterized by “permanent (cyclical) mobility” (Welskop-Deffaa 2018, p. 110). Digital nomads are thus characterized by both a mobile way of working and a mobile lifestyle—both aspects are taken into account by the following definition: “The term ‘digital nomad’ refers to a rapidly emerging class of highly mobile professionals, whose work is location independent. Thus, they work while traveling on (semi)permanent basis and vice versa, forming a new mobile lifestyle” (Hannonen 2020, emphasis in the original).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Gene editing can turn any plant into a high-yield, nutrient-rich food source. [SEP] Text: Using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats genomic targeting system (/Cas9), overexpressed tomato mutant plants displayed differences in fruit texture, deferring the onset of softness, in contrast to the wild type or the control treatment. The RIN gene, which encodes a MADS-box transcription factor, is activated late in tomato fruit development and boosts the transcription of genes that produce the ripening hormone ethylene [15]. Due to the potential impact of RIN gene mutations on tomato fruit ripening, Ito et al. [16] usedCas9 to generate RIN gene knockout mutants in tomato, and reported that the mutant fruits ripened more slowly and generated less ethylene than the control treatment. Similarly, usingCas9 technology, Jung et al. [17] created mutant tomato plants with LeMADS-RIN knocked out. The mutant fruits matured later than wild-type fruits and produced less ethylene. The mutant fruits also had decreased gene expression associated with ethylene synthesis. Both FUL1 and FUL2 are considered to be homologous evolutionarily conserved in tomatoes. Both of these proteins are members of the MADS-box transcription factor family. They perform a crucial role in the management of the ripening of the fruit as well as the development of the flowers in tomato plants. The creation of double knockout mutants for these two homologous proteins usingCas9 slowed down the ripening of the fruit by inhibiting ethylene synthesis as well as decreasing the accumulation of carotenoid [18]. Lin et al. [19] evaluated the role of SlMIR164A (a microRNA gene involved in regulating fruit ripening and quality by influencing the expression of two target genes, SlNAM2 and SlNAM3) in tomatoes. Researchers discovered that by silencing this particular microRNA gene in tomato plants, they were capable of accelerating fruit ripening and enhance fruit nutritional quality by boosting the content of soluble sugars and acids. 2. 2 Fruit SizeFruit size is an important quality parameter for tomatoes, as it can impact factors such as yield, appearance, and taste [20]. It is also an important trait for tomato growers since determines the profitability of their crops. The packing and presentation of tomatoes are also impacted by their size. Breeding programs in tomato are focused on this aspect and in the literature, there are many 1.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Anthropologists can predict future cultural trends with certainty. [SEP] Text: As many of the symptoms of synthetic cannabinoid abuse mimic marijuana use, more understanding of the metabolism, affinities to either the CB1 or CB2 receptor, and how changes to the chemical structures affect biochemical activity will allow researchers and clinicians to plan for future emerging synthetic cannabinoid exposures. Acknowledgements None. Conflict of interest The author declares no conflict of interest. 4. General, NAAG. Education and prevention initiatives as necessary tools to combat drug abuse. NAAGazette. 2014;8:5. Rules and Regulations. USA: Federal Register; 2014. Federal Register. In: Register F, editor. USA: Federal Register; 2014. are more than harmless herbal blends: A review of the pharmacology and toxicology of synthetic cannabinoids. Biol Psychiatry. 2012;39(2):234–243. Presley BC, Jansen–. Analysis of in Botanical Material: A Review of and Findings. Rev. 2013;25:27. Use of –GC–MS for the analysis of herbal products containing synthetic cannabinoids. J Anal Toxicol. 2012;36(5):293–302. Detection and identification of the new potential synthstic cannabinoids 1–pentyl–3–(2–iodobenzoyl)indole and 1–pentyl–3–(1–adamantoyl)indole in seized bulk powders in Hungary. International. 2011;214(1–3):27–32. Identification of synthetic cannabinoids in herbal incense blends in the United States. J Forensic Sci. 2012;57(5):1168–1180. Identification and quantitation of a benzoylindole (2–methoxyphenyl) (1–pentyl–1H–indol–3–yl)methanone and a naphthoylindole 1–(5–fluoropentyl–1H–indol–3–yl)–(naphthalene–1–yl)methanone (AM–2201) found in illegal products obtained via the Internet and their cannabimimetic effects evaluated by in–vitro [35S]GTPγS binding assays. Forensic Toxicol. 2011;29(2):132–141.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Solar-powered desalination uses sunlight to remove salt from seawater. [SEP] Text: Thus, the solar power desalination is one of the most suitable alternatives for desalination plant that meets water demand and also environmental friendly. Therefore, in this research paper the focus is on the demand of water in Pakistan as the result of rapid growth in population and industrialization. It has become necessary to install the desalination plant in Pakistan by keeping in mind the energy available as well as economic situation. The main ambitions of this research are to select a site having plenty of solar radiations and salt or brackish and suitable solar technology having low capital and operational cost to fulfill the demand of pure water at minimum cost. Thus, the development of mathematical model of solar stills and cost analysis at Lyari River, in Karachi, follows the solution of mathematical model using. Advertisement 2. MethodologyThe methodology of this research is composed of the selection of site in Pakistan for solar power desalination following the mathematical modeling of the single slope of solar stills and employs modern software for the solution of mathematical model. The governing equations for mathematical model of the solar stills are based on the law of conservation of mass and law of conservation of energy for the system. The equations for convective heat transfer coefficients and radiation heat transfer coefficients are based on the Dunkle’s model. r2019 is employed to solve the equations. 2. 1 Site selection in PakistanThe availability of 1900–2200 kWh/m2 annual global irradiance makes Pakistan highly favorable for solar power-based desalination [5]. and Sindh province of Pakistan is rich in solar energy with an average daily direct normal irradiance of 5. 3–5. 6 kWh/m2 and 2. 5–3. 0 kWh/m2 with sunshine duration of 8–8. 5 hours a day [6]. Therefore, in this research paper the site at Karachi has been selected for the modeling the single-slope solar stills. 2. 2 Mathematical modeling of solar stillsThe basic assumptions while modeling the solar stills take negligible temperature stratification within the evaporator basin. Temperature is uniform within each still component. Temperature is time dependent. The evaporated water is assumed only pure water; that is, the evaporated water has no dissolved salt or ion. The stills have no vapor leakages. The governing equations are based on law of conservation of mass and law of conservation of energy. The schematic of single slope solar stills is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Gene editing can turn any plant into a high-yield, nutrient-rich food source. [SEP] Text: For instance, the drought tolerance of tomato plants cv. was evaluated by Li et al. [50] usingCas9-mediated mutation of the SlNPR1 gene. This gene mutation reduces plants’ resistance to water stress in different aspects such as increased stomatal conductance, generation of lipid peroxides and the higher susceptibility to oxidative damage linked to the lower levels of antioxidant enzymes. /Cas9, Chen et al. [51] created SlARF4 knockout mutants to investigate the physiological responses to drought stress in tomato plants in comparison to wild-type plants. The results indicate an improvement in the growth and water status of mutant tomato plants. In addition, arf4 mutants exhibited increased photosynthetic efficiency, decreased oxidative damage, increased antioxidant enzyme activity, and the upregulation of numerous stress-responsive genes. Tomato’s sensitivity to drought was examined by Liu et al. [52] who hypothesized that SlLBD40, a lateral organ boundaries domain transcription factor, was responsible for it. /Cas9, they established mutant lines of tomato with a loss of function of the SlLBD40 gene, and those plants showed enhanced resistance to drought compared to the wild type. The mutants were more capable to deal with drought conditions, as seen through their delayed withering, reduced water loss rate, and higher survival rates. Wang et al. [53] created two independent T1 mutant lines with the loss of function of the gene SlMAPK3 usingCas9 in order to compare their drought tolerance to that of the wild type. This study emphasizes the importance of MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases) as crucial signaling components in plant responses to multiple stresses, including drought stress. The biochemical analysis revealed that the knock-out mutants displayed earlier wilting, increased H2O2 production, and decreased scavenging of reactive oxygen species, resulting in increased membrane damage. 3. 3 Heat and Cold ConditionsEnvironmental factors such as heat and cold stress can have a significant impact on crop growth, development, and yield [54]. The ongoing climatic changes have resulted in frequent episodes of extreme heat or cold waves which dramatically affect the yields of crops, sometimes leading to their death. As a result, genetic engineering solutions are increasingly being recognized as appropriate way of dealing with this issue. /Cas9 in tomato to counteract these abiotic stresses it can be highlighted in the recent studies. In the case of heat stress, Wang et al.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Anthropologists can predict future cultural trends with certainty. [SEP] Text: Identification and quantitation of two benzoylindoles AM–694 and (4–methoxylphenyl)(1–pentyl–1H–indol–3–yl)methanone, and three cannabimimetic naphthoylindoles JWH–210, JWH–122, and JWH–019 as adulterants in illegal products obtained via the Internet. Forensic Toxicol. 2011;29(2):95–110. Pharmacology, Toxicology, and of Drugs. Rev. 2014;26(1):53–78. Administration DE. Schedules of Controlled Substances: of Cannabinoids into Schedule I. In: Justice DO, editor. USA: Department of Justice: Federal Register; 2014. Uchiyama N, Kawamura M, Kikura–Hanajiri R, et al. Identification of two new–type synthetic cannabinoids, N–(1–adamantyl)–1–pentyl–1H–indole–3–carboxamide (APICA) and N–(1–adamantyl)–1–pentyl–1H–indazole–3–carboxamide () and detection of five synthetic cannabinoids, AM–1220, AM–2233, AM–1241, CB–13 (CRA–13) and AM–1248 as designer drugs in illegal products. Forensic Toxicol. 2012;30(2):114–125. Veress T, Julia N. Fast and for of in. Forensic Sci. 2015;2(1):21–25. of AB–5–fluoro–AMB, and diphenidine in body fluids and solid tissues in a fatal poisoning case: usefulness of adipose tissues for detection of the drugs in unchanged forms. Forensic Toxicol. 2015;33(1):45–53. Notes from the Field: Associated with Use–Brunswick, C. F. D. Control. Georgia; 2013. 939 p. Drugs, A. C. o2014. t. M. o. New psychoactive substances review: report of the expert panel. 2014. Musshoff F, Madea B, Kernbach–Wighton G, et al. Driving under the Influence of ("Spice") A Case Series. Legal Med. 2014128(1):59–64.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Solar-powered desalination uses sunlight to remove salt from seawater. [SEP] Text: The production of distilled water per cubic meter with and without FRL is found to be 1. 37$ and 1. 66$, respectively. Advertisement 5. ConclusionIt is concluded that the scarcity of pure water can be compensated by desalination processes to meet the global demand of water as some developing countries have already done. The developed and developing countries have the capacity to install the conventional source of desalination plant but this attitude is greatly impacting on the environmental issues such as global emissions of CO2 and greenhouse gases (GHGs). Currently, the desalination plants are based on the conventional sources of thermal energy. The sustainable development goals (SDGs) can only be achieved using the renewable source of energy for the desalination processes. This will eliminate two main problems: global emissions and scarcity of water. The alternative and most effective source for desalination processes keeping in mind the SDGs is the solar thermal desalination processes. The capital and operational cost of the conventional thermal desalination processes are high enough that under developing countries cannot afford it. Therefore, the solar thermal desalination processes are the best option for those countries. The plenty of solar irradiance, water, and land make Pakistan the best suited area for the solar thermal desalination. Baluchistan, Sindh, and are the most suitable area for the solar energy applications. River at Karachi in Sindh province is one of the most suitable areas for the solar thermal desalination processes. The solar stills technology for the distillation of saline water is one of the most favorable technologies to distill water to meet the water demand of Pakistan at effective cost. The governing equations of mathematical modeling of solar still were based on law of conservation of mass and law of conservation of energy. was employed to solve the governing equations of the mathematical model. The result is showing that the utilization of Fresnel (FRL) lens makes the solar stills more productive of distill water as compared with solar stills without Fresnel lens. At the same time, the cost of pure water is less while using FRL lens in the solar stills. The solar stills technology works more efficiently at the remote areas of Pakistan where high-cost desalination plants are far enough to install. And ease of installation, capital, operational, and maintenance cost make it possible to reach to all people. Advertisement 0. 2Thickness2200. 234Thickness glass cover0.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Gene editing can turn any plant into a high-yield, nutrient-rich food source. [SEP] Text: [55] generated overexpressed mutants for the gene SlGRXS1 by activating the transcription factor SlWRKY3, which confers thermotolerance to tomato. Mutant tomato plants exhibited more ROS scavenging and less oxidative damage relative to their wild type counterparts. This research has confirmed that SlGRXS1 and SlWRKY3 act together to enhance the stress response network in tomato plants when they are subjected to high temperatures. Due to its osmoprotectant properties, the capacity to maintain the cellular water status, the reduction in the synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the regulation of gene expression, sucrose can play a crucial role in heat-stressed plants [56]. Zhang et al. [57] opted to investigate Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), a key rate-limiting enzyme in the sucrose synthesis pathway in crops. The researchers reported that the gain or loss of function of a novel gene (SlSPS) conferred increased or decreased thermotolerance to tomato plants, making them more or less susceptible to heat stress. To suppress SlMAPK3 expression in tomato plants, Yu et al. [58] adoptedCas9 gene editing technology. The wild-type and mutant tomato plants were then subjected to heat stress. The thermotolerance of the edited plants compared to WT was confirmed by their survival in temperatures ranging from 25 to 45°. Under heat stress circumstances, the mutant plants survived longer and developed more successfully while minimizing the synthesis of potential reactive oxygen species (ROS). The purpose of the study by Huang et al. [59] was to identify the function of the BAG9 gene in tomato heat tolerance. Tomato mutants (bag9) were able to withstand higher temperatures after overexpressing this gene usingCas9. Increased antioxidant enzyme activity and heat sock protein synthesis also resulted from this shift in higher gene expression in tomato plants. As far as chilling conditions is concerned, Li et al. [60] generatedCas9 mutant tomato plants for the SlCBF1 gene aiming to develop a greater awareness of the tomato’s chilling tolerance. The authors emphasize the important role of the CBF (C-repeat binding factor) genes in regulating plant responses to chilling stress, focusing in particular on the SlCBF1 gene, which is a known key regulator gene of chilling tolerance in tomatoes.

Output: contrast