Input: Claim: Renewable energy sources are increasingly crucial for sustainable development. [SEP] Text: Bulgaria is a place prosperous in thermal water with the temperature in the range of 20°C-100°C (Klara et al. , 2013). Another thermal site is to in Sur (Cristina and Rosa, 2014). The recent developments in California by using geothermal power for reducing CO2 emission resulted in some difference in the emission levels. The CO2 emission is reduced to about 20% by using geothermal power (Sullivan and Wang, 2013). and Poland are also focusing on promoting geothermal energy (Anna, 2017; Elbarbar, 2018). The waste heat from the geothermal power plant can be used as a source of electrical energy. With this system shown in Figure 9, about 75% of the original power is converted into electrical energy (Cukup et al. , 2016). To know the effect of temperature on the lifetime of the plant a test was conducted at Lahendong geothermal area. The brine temperature dropped from 180. 02°C to 154. 92°C on the 30th of the operated organic Rankine cycle. Also, it produced a power output of 1. 3MW (Didit et al. , 2016). Figure 9. Schematic view of the geothermal power plant (Didit et al. , 2016) The fundamental source of biomass energy is the sun. Biomass is the major source of energy in many households for cooking and water heating (Wasajja and Daniel, 2017). A systematic diagram of biomass energy (Figure 10) and its applications is accompanied. Figure 10. Bio-gasifier and solid oxide fuel cell hybrid system as a combined heat and power application (Muhammad et al. , 2016) Chile is focusing on developing biomass for electricity generation as a replacement for non-renewable resources (Carlos et al. , 2018). Bangladesh is the prominent producer of biomass energy and it has used this resource to solve its energy crisis problem. It is the largest producer of biomass energy as it has a large amount of cattle dung (Jitu and Adharaa, 2017). A Cogeneration plant for generation of electricity and heat in wool drying facility is first present in Slovenia. Though the cogeneration plant consumes 245kW of power for its use, it is the first plant in the world to produce 1. 5MW power (Simon and Milan, 2017). The biomass boiler is situated around Alaska and these boilers are installed domestically.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The suprachiasmatic nucleus is the master regulator of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: In mice, the BMAL1:CLOCK heterodimer drives the transcription of the mammalian Period (Per) and Cryptochrome (Cry) gene families. PER2 upregulates Bmal1 expression, whereas CRY1/2 blocks the transcriptional activity of Clock and Bmal1 (Honma et al. , 1998; Reppert and Weaver, 2002; Sato et al. , 2006). Bmal1 is an exclusive gene, and its single deletion (Bmal1−/−) produces arrhythmic behavior under constant darkness (Bunger et al. , 2000). Furthermore, brain-specific rescue of Bmal1 in Bmal1−/− mice restores behavioral rhythms (McDearmon et al. , 2006). Therefore, Bmal1 is believed to play an essential role in TTFLs and rhythm generation in the SCN pacemaker. The physiological activity rhythms in SCN neurons are primarily controlled by intracellular machinery, as shown by the presence of circadian action potential firing rhythms in individual SCN neurons in dispersed cell cultures (Welsh et al. , 1995). Despite evidence that Bmal1 functions as an essential clock gene, the aspect of how Bmal1 regulates the activity of SCN neurons is currently unclear. Intriguingly, Per2 promoter-driven luciferase rhythms are sustained in the SCN of Bmal1−/− mice (Ko et al. , 2010). Because these rhythms are weakened in low-density dispersed cell cultures, the residual rhythms could be nonintrinsic noise-driven oscillations generated via cell-to-cell interactions. In addition, it has been reported that specific Gq-coupled receptor signaling pathways could act as couplers or amplifiers for the majority of SCN rhythms (Maywood et al. , 2006; Brancaccio et al. , 2013). However, the origin of Gq-mediated oscillations and their relationships with specific intracellular machinery are currently unknown. We have developed a method to visualize the physiological activities of mouse SCN neurons using the yellow cameleon Ca2+ sensor (Ikeda et al. , 2003a). This method enables monitoring of circadian Ca2+ rhythms (CCR) in SCN neurons.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Memory can be perfectly recalled with the right stimulus. [SEP] Text: 2016G26G12G4G24G5G8G11/14G18G15/20G22/30G2G9G17G19Known functional propertiesON responsesDirection-selective; small objects; expansion responsesSustained OFF; big objectsBig, fast objectsBig, fast objects‘looming detector’, preference for big objectsON-OFF responses; small objects; ‘high-definition’Small, rather slow objectsSmall, rather slow objectsVery sustained ON-responsesSmall objectsExpansion response(local stimuli)Strong responses to big and small objects Key resources table Reagent (type) or ResourceDesignationSource or referenceIdentifiersAdditional informationStrain, strain background (Mus musculus)C57BL/6Jackson laboratoryJAX:000664Genetic reagent (Mus musculus)PV-Cre (B6;129P2-Pvalbtm1(cre)Arbr/J)Jackson laboratoryJAX:008069Genetic reagent (Mus musculus)Ai9 (B6.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Renewable energy sources are increasingly crucial for sustainable development. [SEP] Text: cost and maintenance cost varies with the type of boiler. The boilers have a lifetime of 20-30yrs (Erin et al. , 2017). The biomass conversion technique based on application is given in Figure 11. Figure 11. Biomass conversion technique based on their applications (Jitu and Adharaa, 2017) Another advantage of Biomass is that it can be used as a fuel. Acetic acid can be obtained from organic waste such as cellulose and lignocellulose with a yield of 11-13% using a direct oxidation method. Also, formic acid is obtained from the hydrothermal oxidation of glucose (Fangming et al. , 2010). The steps involved in the conversion of biomass to biogas is shown in Figure 12. Figure 12. Conversion of Biomass to Biogas (Jitu and Adharaa, 2017) Another system developed using biomass energy is the (CCHP). The CCHP is usually adopted in agriculturally rich countries. is an agriculturally rich country it opted to develop CCHP with biomass energy (Harbin et al. , 1864). The biomass generation at different locations of the world is shown in Table 5. Table 5. Biomass power production across the world (Sadrul and Ahiduzzaman, 2012) Type of biomass Electricity generation and capacity biomass 41 2007 USA Solid biomass 15 2007 biomass 13 2007 biomass 3150 2009 biomass 30050 by 2020 1300 2009 1700 by 2012 4900 13 2009 35 2008 OECD countries Biogas 50 2009 Developing countries Biogas 270 14 2009 6 2008 USA Biogas 5 2008 UK Biogas 3 2008 main focus of Spain is the renewable energy resources of which their main concern is solar. Researchers review that the large grid-connected PV system is less cost-effective as it is static. The research also reveals that the maintenance and operation cost is 0. 5% of the capital investment. There has been a serious hike in the installation of the solar panel after 2005. Annual Spain’s national renewable energy plan is shown in Table 6 (Sana and Syed, 2012). Table 6. Spain’s 2011-2020 (Sana and Syed, 2012) 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Renewable energy sources – Heating and cooling 8. 8% 11. 3% 11. 7% 12. 0% 12.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The suprachiasmatic nucleus is the master regulator of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: CCR are driven by release of Ca2+ from ryanodine-sensitive internal Ca2+ stores, and are resistant to the Na+ channel blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX; Ikeda et al. , 2003a). Brancaccio et al. (2013) recently used a GCaMP3 Ca2+ sensor together with a luciferase reporter for the Ca2+/cAMP-responsive element and Per1/2 gene transcription, and detected the most phase-advanced rhythms occurring in CCR. Therefore, determination of the molecular generator(s) of CCR is an important issue. Bmal1−/− mice show reduced expression of ryanodine receptors and caffeine-induced Ca2+ mobilization in SCN neurons (Pfeffer et al. , 2009). Therefore, it is reasonable to hypothesize that Bmal1 is a regulator of CCR. To directly address the involvement of Bmal1 in CCR, we used a p3. 1 vector (Invitrogen). The mutant Bmal1 sequences were finally verified using a DNA Sequencer. The firefly reporter plasmid (E54-TK) was kindly provided by Dr M. Noshiro (Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima Japan). To investigate the intracellular distribution of BMAL1, wild-type, and mutant mBmal1 were individually inserted into the pcDNA3. 1/vector (Invitrogen), with an Xpress-tag epitope bound to the N-terminus of mBmal1. The psiRNA-hH1 neo shRNA expression vector was purchased from InvivoGen. An independent 21-bp sequence (5′--3′) within the coding region of the mBmal1 gene was selected as the insert for shRNA expression using siDirect ( cloned into the psiRNA-hH1neo G1 vector, and designated psiRNA-mBmal1-204. The psiRNA hH-neo G1-scr vector supplied by the manufacturer was used as a negative control for mBmal1 silencing. Monoclonal antibody production. In collaboration with Dr K.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Memory can be perfectly recalled with the right stimulus. [SEP] Text: Cg-Gt(ROSA)26Sortm9(CAG-tdTomato)Hze/JlaboratoryJAX:007909Genetic reagent (Mus musculus)Gad2-IRES-CRElaboratoryJAX: 10802Genetic reagent (Mus musculus)Tg(Ntsr1-cre)GN209Gsat/MmucdLaboratory of :MMRR_030780-UCDAntibodyanti-GFP (rabbit polyclonal)ScientificCat# A-11122; RRID:AB_2215691:500Antibodyanti-GFP (chicken, polyclonal)ScientificCat# A-10262; RRID:AB_25340231:500Antibodyanti-ChAT (goat, polyclonal)MilliporeCat# AB144P RRID:AB_112140921:200AntibodySMI32 (mouse, monoclonal)BiolendCat# 801701; RRID:AB_25646421:1000Antibodyanti-CART (rabbit, polyclonal)Phoenix PharmaceuticalsH-003–62; RRID:AB_23136141:500Antibodyanti-FOXP2 (goat, polyclonal)abcamCat# 1307; RRID:AB_12689141:2000Antibodyanti-mCherry (chicken, polyclonal)NovusCat# NBP2-25158 RRID:AB_26368811:1000AntibodyAlexa 488 donkey anti-rabbitScientificCat# A-21206; RRID:AB_25357921:500–1000AntibodyAlexa 488 donkey anti-chickenImmuno-JacksonCat# 703-545-155 RRID:AB_23403751:500AntibodyAlexa 633 donkey anti-goatScientificCat# A-21082 RRID:AB_105624001:500AntibodyCy3 donkey anti-mouseImmuno-JacksonCat# 715-165-151 RRID:AB_23157771:400AntibodyAlexa 555 donkey anti-goatabcamCat# ab1501301:300AntibodyDyLight 405

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Renewable energy sources are increasingly crucial for sustainable development. [SEP] Text: 5% 13. 2% 14. 0% 14. 9% 15. 9% 17. 0% 18. 1% 18. 9% Renewable energy sources – Electricity 18. 2% 28. 7% 29. 5% 31. 1% 31. 8% 32. 8% 33. 7% 34. 2% 35. 6% 36. 8% 38. 1% 40. 2% Renewable energy sources – Transport 1. 2% 6. 1% 6. 2% 6. 3% 6. 4% 8. 1% 9. 1% 10. 3% 11. 2% 12. 2% 12. 6% 13. 5% Overall renewable energy resource share 8. 3% 13. 6% 14. 2% 14. 8% 15. 4% 16. 5% 17. 4% 18. 3% 19. 4% 20. 4% 21. 5% 22. 7% A survey was conducted on the salt possibility in Turkey and its potential use in solar ponds (Tasdemiroglu, 1987). sunshine, land, water and salt are abundant. Salt is the utmost significant and overpriced element, it constitutes about 15-20% of the initial investment in setting up a solar pond. During operation of the system, the salt needs to be continuously replenished as it is regarded as an equivalent fuel for a solar pond. For the past decades, China is the biggest energy consumer with industry covering about 70% of its total energy utilization (Teng et al. , 2018). To meet this demands and to have favorable conditions for solar, China has turned its side towards using solar energy. Statistical data shows that by 2020, 39. 40 million of coal and 98. 22 million of CO2 emission is planned to be reduced. A large wind power station is situated on Shark El-in Egypt. Researchers show that if 60 wind turbines of ''Fuhrländer FL2500–104'' arranged in a 150 MW could be built at Shark El-Ouinat City, then an annual gain of 730,791 MWh/year could be found with a high capacity of 56% (Kuldeep and Kalpesh, 2018). Recently, Nigeria has shifted its interest towards solar and has started to develop it to satisfy the power demands (Ahmed, 2018).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The suprachiasmatic nucleus is the master regulator of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Together with the recent observations of wave propagation of CCR in a similar fashion to Per1- or Per2-luciferase rhythms, these results lead to speculation that CCR is a driving force of E-box regulatory gene transcriptional rhythms in the SCN. This leads to the issue of which clock gene(s) affect CCR in the SCN. Despite the generation of a series of clock gene knock-out mice, evidence explaining the link between TTFLs and physiological activity in SCN neurons remains surprisingly limited. The τ in action potential firing rhythms is longer in cultured SCN neurons of Clock mutant mice, yet these rhythms are stable under culture conditions (Nakamura et al. , 2002). Studies have also shown that a Per1 antisense oligonucleotide reduces glutamate-induced phase-shifts in action potential firing rhythms of SCN neurons (Akiyama et al. , 1999; Tischkau et al. , 2003). Per2-deficient mutant mice have reduced mRNA levels of 14-3-3 protein and synapsin I in the SCN (Holzberg and Albrecht, 2003). We analyzed the effects of antisense oligonucleotides for Per1 and Per2, but failed to inhibit CCR in SCN neurons (Sugiyama et al. , 2004). Moreover, it was recently shown that Per2-luciferase and action potential firing rhythms are uncoupled, but sustained, in the neonatal SCN dissected from Cry1/Cry2 double-knock-out mice (Ono et al. , 2013). This suggests that Cry is involved in cell-to-cell couplings rather than in the intracellular organization of clock function. Although relatively small effects of clock gene deletions on the physiological activity of SCN neurons may be explained by redundant and compensatory functions of multiple clock genes (Miller, 2006), there is a lack of apparent data showing the involvement of TTFLs in the regulation of SCN neuronal activity. Here, we examined RNAi of Bmal1 and overexpression of Bmal1 with Ca2+ monitoring in SCN neurons in organotypic cultures. The cell death caused by transfection of DN-Bmal1 indicates that the general E-box regulatory functions of BMAL1, such as those via brain-derived neurotrophic factor transcription (Chen et al.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Memory can be perfectly recalled with the right stimulus. [SEP] Text:  donkey anti-rabbitImmuno-JacksonCat# 715-475-150 RRID:AB_23408391:200AntibodyCy3 donkey anti-chickenImmuno-JacksonCat# 703-166-155 RRID:AB_23403641:800–1000Antibody435/455 # N214791:150# 102762360011:1000Peptide, recombinant proteinconjugated with Alexa488ScientificCat# C22841Chemical compound, drugLipophilic tracers # D7776, D7757, D275Strain, strain background (SAD-B19 rabies virus)Rabies virus: G-coated SAD-△G-GCaMP6sThis paperN/AIs available upon request or from Laboratory of Botond RoskaStrain, strain background (SAD-B19 rabies virus)Rabies virus: EnvA-coated SAD-△G-GCaMP6sThis paperN/AIs available upon request or from Laboratory of Botond RoskaStrain, strain background (herpes simplex virus)HSV: hEF1a-TVA950-T2A-RabiesG-IRES-mCherryMIT coreRN714Strain, strain background (herpes simplex virus)HSV: hEF1a-LS1L-TVA950-T2A-RabiesG-IRES-mCherryMIT coreRN716Chemical compound, drug10x # 437117KChemical compound, drug1x # 444057YChemical compound, drugHistofix 4%RocheCat# P087.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Renewable energy sources are increasingly crucial for sustainable development. [SEP] Text: At the end of 2016, it was observed that the total installed operational CSPs (Panel) has reached 4,926 MW. Also, an additional power of 2,056MW is expected after the constructions are completed in the upcoming years (Olumide and Edmund, 2018). Another advancement made in the solar field is the usage of pyramid solar still instead of conventional solar still (Ayodele et al. , 2018). The performance of pyramid solar is better than the conventional solar and its efficiency under different conditions is presented as Figure 13. Another emerging technology in solar is the perovskite solar cell (Khalaji et al. , 2017). This resulted in better efficiency compared to conventional silicon solar cell and the various tests conducted using different perovskite cells. The highest efficiency was obtained by using LBSO (Lanthanum (La)–doped BaSnO3) and methylammonium lead diode and the power conversion efficiency was recorded to be 21. 2%. With high efficiency and low working temperature, resulting in a significant reduction in the price of the photovoltaic panel. Figure 13. Efficiency under different conditions (Ayodele et al. , 2018) consumption of current and future energy sources across the world is presented in the form of Figure 14. The figure shows that the production of coal is high compared to the production of solar as of 2010-2016. It is also evident that the total consumption of non-renewable energy resources is more compared to the production of renewable energy up to 2016. After 2016, the focus shifted to renewable energy as non-renewable energy sources are highly polluting. The figure also shows that the production of solar is increasing and its production has doubled the production of coal after 2017. This shows that the renewable energy focus on the future is more, of it solar is given more importance. The progress of solar energy production from 2011-2017 across the world is presented as a Table 7. Figure 14. Global average energy capacity (IEA, 2018) Table 7. Solar energy generation across the world (Energy economics, 2018) Terawatt-hours 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Share 2017 US 4. 7 9. 0 16. 0 29. 2 39. 4 55. 4 77. 9 17. 6% Canada 0. 6 0. 9 1. 5 2. 1 2. 9 3. 1 3. 2 0.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: The suprachiasmatic nucleus is the master regulator of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Melatonin can reset the circadian clock only at temporally distinct times, dusk and dawn. When melatonin is administered at dusk, it phase advances the firing rate of SCN neurons in rat and mouse [5, 9]. McArthur et al. also described a behavioral activity phase advance in response to melatonin between circadian time (CT) 23 and 01 (dawn) [12]. Melatonin is believed to exert these effects via two specific, high affinity, guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein) coupled receptors (GPCR) in the SCN, MT1 and MT2 [21]. MT1 mRNA is expressed in the SCN, however the expression of MT2 receptor mRNA has been more difficult to evaluate [15, 18, 23, 26]. There is evidence that there is a circadian rhythm of the expression of the MT1 receptor mRNA as well as of melatonin binding in the rat brain. Melatonin receptor MT1 mRNA expression exhibited a distinct circadian rhythm peaking during subjective night [10]. However, another study found that MT1 mRNA peaked 3 hours ahead of melatonin binding [10, 15]. This result however has been controversial, as in another study there was no statistically significant variation in mRNA levels across the circadian cycle [26]. Poirel et al. were not able to detect any expression of MT2 receptors mRNA in SCN [18]. Using binding studies, MT2 receptors in the SCN are expressed in very low levels [3, 9]. The above-mentioned studies used methods such as RT-PCR or in situ hybridization (ISH) as well as receptor binding to infer the presence of both MT1 and MT2 receptors in the SCN tissue. A circadian rhythm of receptor protein synthesis and localization has not been demonstrated due to the lack of specific antibodies for MT1 and MT2 receptors. Such a rhythm would explain the temporal gating of melatonin efficacy in modulating behavioral rhythm and electrophysiology. Therefore, this study describes the use of immunohistochemistry in the study of the circadian distribution of melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 in the SCN. 2. Experimental procedure 2. 1. Animals and tissue preparation rats (Charles River, Wilmington, MD), 4–6 weeks old, were entrained for at least 2 weeks to a 12/12 LD cycle prior to the experiments.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Memory can be perfectly recalled with the right stimulus. [SEP] Text: 5Chemical compound, drugSerumMilliporeCat# 30–100 MLChemical compound, drug10% Bovine AlbuminSigmaCat# SRE0036-250# 290734Chemical compound, drugDMEM, high-glucoseScientificCat# 41965062Chemical compound, drugTrypsin 0.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Renewable energy sources are increasingly crucial for sustainable development. [SEP] Text: 4 3. 8 5. 0 6. 0 7. 5 8. 8 2. 0% China 2. 6 3. 6 8. 4 23. 5 43. 6 61. 7 108. 2 24. 4% India 0. 8 2. 1 3. 4 4. 9 6. 6 11. 6 21. 5 4. 9% Japan 5. 4 7. 4 12. 9 23. 5 34. 5 48. 5 62. 3 14. 1% Malaysia † † 0. 1 0. 2 0. 3 0. 4 0. 4 0. 1% 0. 9 1. 1 1. 6 2. 6 4. 0 5. 1 6. 4 1. 4% 65. 2 100. 9 139. 0 197. 7 260. 0 328. 2 442. 6 100. 0% *-Based on the gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. †-Less than 0. 05. -Less than 0. 05%. the emerging technology trends in the energy production, it is obvious that our reliance on non-renewable sources is going to be mitigated over the years and renewable energy sources are going to share the major share in the energy production of which solar is predominant among other renewable energy resources. So it is more important than ever before to get an insight into the scope of solar energy sources and its production. It could be seen that in the upcoming time’s global energy consumption is going to increase at a drastic rate, so there is a need of new and smart technologies to produce energy in the most efficient ways possible. The aforementioned text gives a clear portrait of the countries which are pioneering in renewable energy production especially solar by employing such methods and encourages research on advanced solar energy generation techniques which are comparatively efficient to the traditional production method. Countries which are lagging in energy production must consider alternative renewable energy solutions like solar to solve their energy crisis, investments must be made on innovative production techniques by such countries. Though non-renewable sources are widely used because of its lower investment and high energy output, using it ultimately pollutes global domain, so in order to make the world a better place non-renewable energy must be replaced with renewable energy sources especially solar. corresponding author expresses gratefulness to the management of College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur, Chennai, India for the comprehensive facilities and buttress provided to carry out this research.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Melatonin production is influenced by light exposure. [SEP] Text: 1), but were calibrated prior to the experiment to produce 150 lx at corneal level. During the study, exposure to the standard white LED was 150 ± 3. 24 lx during the fixed gaze and 151 ± 2. 70 during the free gaze. Exposure to the blue-depleted white LED was 153 ± 4. 60 lx during the fixed gaze and 152 ± 5. 05 during the free gaze. There was no difference in the photopic illuminance received during the fixed and free (p = 0. 11, repeated measure two-way ANOVA) or between the blue-depleted and standard white LED lamps (p = 0. 15, repeated measure two-way ANOVA). Melatonin concentrations during the baseline portion prior to exposure to the blue-depleted or standard white LED lighting were similar (p = 0. 33, paired t-test) as the expected rise of melatonin occurred in the hours prior to habitual bed time (Fig. 3a). There was no obvious impact of either light source on salivary melatonin concentrations (Fig. 3a). Melatonin concentrations during the full exposure (p = 0. 40, paired t-test) or during any single hour of exposure (p’s > 0. 37, paired t-tests) to the blue-depleted white light was indistinguishable from that observed during the same time of exposure to the standard white light. SSS scores during the baseline portion prior to exposure to the blue-depleted or standard white LED lighting were similar (p = 0. 78, paired t-test). The expected rise in subjective sleepiness occurred around the time of habitual bedtime and this level of sleepiness was maintained throughout the three hours of light exposure (Fig. 3b). There was no obvious difference in the impact of the two light sources on SSS scores (p = 0. 21, paired t-test). DiscussionAt a low illuminance of 32 lx, the blue-depleted white LED light (40% lower melanopsin stimulation) had significantly less of an impact on the post-illumination pupil response (PIPR) than a broad spectrum white LED light, and did so without impacting melatonin or subjective sleepiness. At higher illuminances (≥100 lx), there were no differences in light-induced PIPR, melatonin suppression, or relief of subjective sleepiness between the two light sources.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Memory can be perfectly recalled with the right stimulus. [SEP] Text: 05%ScientificCat# 25300054Chemical compound, drugSerum (FBS)ScientificCat# 10270106Chemical compound, drug2,2'-thiodiethanol (TDE)SigmaCat# 166782–500GChemical compound, drug# P36934Chemical compound, drug(NaN3)SigmaCat# S2002-100GChemical compound, drugTriton X-100SigmaCat# S8875Chemical compound, drug(NaCl)SigmaCat# S7653-250GChemical compound, drug(KCl)SigmaCat# P5405-25GChemical compound, drug(CaCl2)SigmaCat# C5670-100GChemical compound, drug(MgCl2)SigmaCat# 4880Chemical compound, drugD-glucose (Dextrose)SigmaCat# D9434-250GChemical compound, drugSodium phosphate monobasic (NaH2PO4)SigmaCat# S5011Chemical compound, drug(NaOH)SigmaCat# 655104–500GChemical compound, drugSodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)SigmaCat# S8875-1KG(Mesocricetus auratus)BHK cellsLaboratory of Botond Roska/Laboratory of Karl-Klaus ConzelmannN/A(Mesocricetus auratus)B7GG cellsLaboratory of BotondRoska/Laboratory of Karl-Klaus ConzelmannN/A(Mesocricetus auratus)BHK-EnvA cellsLaboratory of Botond Roska/Laboratory of Karl-Klaus ConzelmannN/A(Homo sapiens)HEK293T-TVA cellsLaboratory of Botond Roska/Laboratory of Karl-Klaus ConzelmannN/ASoftware, algorithmFijiSchindelin et al. (2012)RRID:SCR_002285Software, algorithm:SCR_001622Software, algorithmZen liteZeissSoftware, algorithmCAFFEcaffe. berkeleyvision. orgSoftware, algorithmChAT band detectorThis paper farrowlab/ChATbandsDetectionSoftware, algorithmVNETgithub.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Renewable energy sources are increasingly crucial for sustainable development. [SEP] Text: As an example, in the Region we have developed an Alliance of Space research centers to aggregate satellite data with advanced computing codes in order to evaluate the potential of exploitation of renewable energy resources as biomass, solar, wind or water currents and similar initiatives are also in many other regions of the World. The most important aspect that we learn, is that renewable energy sources have no borders and even the very rudimental tools that we have yet, allow us to understand that there are situations when between a large storm in the Sahara desert and the yield of biomass from the may be many interlinked and influencing factors. The major disappointment at the end of “Rio + 20” Conference held in 2012, was that the final resolution was blocked by the group of the Non-on the argument that the developed countries have already a set of technologies on the shelf and would like to impose them to the developing countries. Such an argument is very often promoted in different Conferences or meetings organized at certain levels. As an example, in Romania, the scientific research activities on wind energy have started in 1974 as a for Sources. Over many decades, there were spent significant amounts of funds for developing original solutions and technologies. Unfortunately, the scientific research achievements have not been transferred to industry and business. As a consequence, when Romania joined the EU in 2007 and specific subsidy programs have been initiated to promote renewable energy sources, all investment projects on wind farms have been developed with technologies from the developed countries. It took us several years to understand the very important connection between the scientific research, innovation and competitiveness at regional and global scales. At present, at the Institute for Nanotechnologies and Sources, at “Ovidius” University of Constanta, we have established a special framework for cooperation between Academia and Industry. We are working together with 9 companies on developing competitive products and services integrating nanomaterials and nanotechnologies. The solutions that are developed by joint team of researchers from our institute and partner companies include antistatic paints for solar PV and thermal panels for the reduction of dust depositions and securing their performances, anti-corrosion solutions for heat pump installations in coastal areas using sea water, catalytic filters for waste biomass boilers to facilitate the combustion of a wide range of waste biomass, nanofluid based oils for high performance ORC installations, hybrid solar panels, MEAs for urea fuel cells but also IoS and IoT solutions for monitoring and system control.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Melatonin production is influenced by light exposure. [SEP] Text: The causes of blindness were retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) (n = 5), retinitis pigmentosa (n = 2), congenital glaucoma (n = 1), optic neuritis/neuropathy (n = 2), congenital rubella syndrome (n = 1), retinal detachment (n = 1), retinitis/retinopathy (related to measles; n = 1), and etiology unknown (n = 2). An observation of the fundus could only be performed in 4 of the 5 participants with whom a clear, definitive view of the anterior chamber could be made in at least 1 eye. In addition, miotic pupil(s) (n = 2) or “obstruction” within the anterior chamber (n = 11), such as corneal opacity or clouding, precluded any assessment of the pupil reflex to light in 13 ocular-intact blind participants. Pupil constriction was not detectable in either eye in response to the brightest light of an indirect ophthalmoscope in a standard clinical exam in the remaining 4 participants in which at least 1 pupil was observable. There were only 3 participants (22CS, 2811, and 26Q5U [nos. 1, 2, and 11, respectively]) who exhibited voluntary eye movements with full ductions and versions. No detectable activation of the posterior visual cortex was observed with the flash stimulus during visual evoked potential results testing in each of the 9 blind patients tested. A negative electroretinogram was previously reported16 for participant 1492 (no. 4). TestMelatonin concentrations decreased by more than 33% during the 6. 5-hour LE in 5 blind participants (82. 8%, 79. 2%, 72. 4%, 83. 5%, 41. 1% for nos. 1–5, respectively) (Fig 2), with an average (± standard deviation) of 71. 6%±17. 5% (n = 5), similar to that observed in sighted participants. 34 Of these, 2 participants were diagnosed with ROP, 2 participants were diagnosed with retinitis pigmentosa, and 1 participant had complete bilateral retinal detachments. The magnitude of suppression was attenuated in 1 participant (no. 5) exhibiting nearly half the percent suppression than the other 4 participants. Figure 2 Melatonin suppression test of individual participants.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Memory can be perfectly recalled with the right stimulus. [SEP] Text: For postsurgical patients and presurgical-postsurgical change, test format moderated the size of the right-lateralization effect (recognition > recall) and this explained and overshadowed effects of stimulus type (i. e. , faces > designs). ” 6 Table 2 had shown incorrect counts for k, r, n_L and n_R for Recall and Recognition moderator variables, the entire table with these corrections is shown below. Table 2 Counts of papers, rows of data and participants by moderator variables and patient group PresurgicalPostsurgicalPostsurgical changeModeratorsModerator Levelkrn_Ln_Rkrn_Ln_Rkrn_Ln_RStimulusDesigns103243358133456313320662046499817351719 Faces263773766515213383411015227233 Spatiala7152172134101091272392103 Scene6101851293678741278 Associative36148128-------- Object----112423----Learning formatSingle104243361233976314420052002449415921591 Repeated44841632152522419759282129966919Test delayLearning11416637623505709421292095526417311700 Delayed10115836233383568919791964415816101603Test formatRecall124242411441147113523642326519418761841 Recognition53671665166528337727841823556563Indexb 263310018991522606567911483463 k number of papers, r number of rows/datapoints (exceeds k when multiple measures within the same category are nested within same paper), n number of patients, divided by side of temporal lobe epilepsy/surgery (left: n_L; right: n_R) aspatial category of materials also includes navigational or route-finding tests bindex measures are composites of other individual tests, usually involving the Scale index scores, and are mixtures of different kinds of moderator levels (i. e. , stimulus types, learning formats, testing delays and testing formats) The erroneous rows are shown below for comparison, so the extent of the changes can be seen.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Renewable energy sources are increasingly crucial for sustainable development. [SEP] Text: Putting in the forefront the industry, we try to improve their competitiveness and to build trust in cooperation with other players within the EU and worldwide. In 2015, in New York, the UN adopted the 2030 Agenda for and the Goals (SDGs), which include a dedicated goal on energy, SDG 7, calling to “ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all". It is also important to mention the fact that Energy, lies at the heart of both the 2030 Agenda for and the on Climate Change. A fundamental element to support the SDG 7, is to facilitate to all the citizens of the World the access to up-to-date knowledge which includes the to scientific research results. But, in a document of the [1] developed based on a comprehensive analysis of a large volume of scientific publications, it is mentioned that “Mostly due to current methods of capture and data malpractice, approximately 50% of all research data and experiments is considered not reproducible, and the vast majority (likely over 80%) of data never makes it to a trusted and sustainable repository. ” In this respect, the movement including the aspects related to to the content of Scientific Journals, the Openness of the entire cycle of the scientific research process and the FAIR principles to publish data and metadata, may be also considered as a basic attempt for addressing the implementation of SDG 7. This year, the established a pilot project on dedicated to the risks and vulnerabilities of using manufactured nanomaterials involving a group of researchers and with the support of the Cluster and this process shall be further extended. In the new paradigm of energy engineering, the symbiotic link between energy and information led to a fundamentally new approach on energy modeling. Recently, we started a new project under EU H2020 with a very valuable Europe wide consortium dedicated to the integration of waste heat streams from the industry in the systems. The approach that we are developing is to use massive data sets captured from a large variety of sensors and to develop and various other dedicated data mining tools for understanding the consumption characteristics of end-users, the matching with the available waste heat streams from local industries and with local resources of renewable energy. As a consequence, in the new paradigm, the optimization solutions are shifting from compliance with simple objective functions (as minimal cost or minimal impact) towards compliance with complex, dynamic, data driven solutions. Keywords sustainable energy, open science, sustainable development goals Full Text: PDF 2016.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Shift work can negatively impact metabolic health. [SEP] Text: This issue of the of Work, Environment & Health includes an epidemiologic study that suggests no effect of shift work on cancer risk (13). This study used registry data that basically included the entire Swedish working population. Jobs in the 1970 census were classified according to the estimated percentage of shift workers. The population was followed from 1971 to 1989, for up to 19 years. findings are not consistent with those of several earlier studies indicating an increased risk of prostate cancer among rotating shift workers and an increased risk of breast and colorectal cancer among female shift workers. For example, based on a systematic review and meta-analysis of 13 studies on night work and breast cancer risk between 1960 and 2005 (14), the aggregate relative risk estimate for all of the studies combined was 1. 48, and, for female night workers not including those in studies of cabin crews, it was 1. 51. The current study of Schwartzbaum et al (13) is based on a huge cohort of the Swedish working population. However, only a very small proportion of the population included shift workers, and therefore the power of the study is limited. As the authors state, a possible source of failure to observe a possible association between shift work and breast cancer may have been due to a misclassification of exposure as a result of the used aggregated, rather than individual, exposure information. Exposure was thus based on a group estimate made from job titles. Many of the workers classified as exposed may not have done night work at all, and some of those classified as unexposed may have worked at night. In the main analyses, job categories with >40% shift workers (“exposed”) were compared with job categories with <30% shift workers (“unexposed”). The small exposure contrast may have further reduced the possibility of identifying a risk. Due to the increased diversity of workhours, night work is common in many occupations not recognized as actual night or shift work even by workers themselves. Furthermore, the maximum follow-up time of <20 years can be regarded as short since all studies on shift work and breast cancer with a longer follow-up time (≥20 years) have shown an increased risk (15–17). Schwartzbaum et al (13) were not able to control for potential confounding factors other than marital and socioeconomic status.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Memory can be perfectly recalled with the right stimulus. [SEP] Text: PresurgicalPostsurgicalPostsurgical changeModerators krn_Ln_Rkrn_Ln_Rkrn_Ln_RTest formatRecall121238430539576913323092288499218211803 Recognition59771975183731378608802127644659Please note this corrected table also corrects a minor error where part of the end of the footnotes was incorrectly replicated at the start of the footnotes (the errant text was: “Scale index scores, and are mixtures of different kinds of moderator levels (i. e. , stimulus types, learning formats, testing delays and testing formats”). Page 8 to 9 The section entitled “Meta-regression of Type and Test-related Moderators” required re-writing due to the number of reported results affected by the coding error. Given the substantial amount of changes required, the entire corrected version is shown below for maximum clarity for the reader:Meta‑regression of Type and Test‑related Patients Fig. 3A shows that, for the additive meta-regression model, the moderators collectively did not have a significant effect on lateralization in presurgical patients (QM = 4. 46, p = 0. 48), and were not significant as individual moderators, ds < 0. 06, ps > 0. 35. Figure 3B shows the interactive model was not significant overall, QM = 13. 61, p = 0. 26; however, there was a significant difference between two Stimulus groups (Faces > Designs, d = -0. 93, p =. 03), a significant effect of Format (Recall > Recognition, d = 0. 90, p =. 04), and a significant Learning x Format interaction (d = -0. 84, p = 0. 049). Fig. 3 Standardized effect sizes (Cohen’s d) and 95% confidence intervals of lateralization (left minus right TLE performance) for presurgical patients, by type of moderator analysis and individual moderator levels. Negative effect sizes indicate poorer performance for right than left TLE patients. Arrows indicate that the confidence intervals exceed the scale. Sample size (k, studies) inferential statistics, heterogeneity and fail-safe N measures are in 9. Contrasts used mean differences and t-statistic.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Renewable energy sources are increasingly crucial for sustainable development. [SEP] Text: and Pay in EMI's. S. Rathore, N. L. of Origin: Imprint:NIPA eISBN:9789390083862 Binding:EOf Pages:310 Language:Price: 106. 93 USD 96. 24 USD Add to cart Contact for About the Book Content/Buy 1. 1 to energy is a crucial enabling condition for achieving sustainable development. Prudent energy policies and research can play an important role in steering both industrialized and developing countries onto more sustainable energy development paths. Specifically, they can strengthen the three pillars of sustainable development: the economy, by boosting productivity, social welfare, by improving living standards and enhancing safety and security, and the environment, by reducing indoor and outdoor pollution and remediating environmental degradation. 1. 2 Energy and it’s in any form is necessary to meet many of our requirements. It’s varying definitions shows the importance of energy in our life. 1 - 18 (18 Pages) USD34. 99 Add to cart 1. 1 to energy is a crucial enabling condition for achieving sustainable development. Prudent energy policies and research can play an important role in steering both industrialized and developing countries onto more sustainable energy development paths. Specifically, they can strengthen the three pillars of sustainable development: the economy, by boosting productivity, social welfare, by improving living standards and enhancing safety and security, and the environment, by reducing indoor and outdoor pollution and remediating environmental degradation. 1. 2 Energy and it’s in any form is necessary to meet many of our requirements. It’s varying definitions shows the importance of energy in our life. 2 Planning 2. 1 is one of the main input for rural development and economic development. The greater part of the world population lives at low standard and a quarter of the population or about 1. 5 billion, have an extremely low standard of life. Energy is one of the essential requirement of the quality of life the people. The industrial development or even large scale food production, water supply, textile manufactures & construction of building and other recreation items are not possible without adequate supply of energy. Therefore, one of the most important tasks is to provide adequate, reliable, convenient and efficient supply of energy, if quality of life of the people is to be raised from its present level of grinding poverty. Table 2. 1 project the global primary energy supply in six scenarios i. e A1 - its strong emphasis on oil and natural gas use.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Shift work can negatively impact metabolic health. [SEP] Text: 1Flow chart of enrollment for this cross-sectional studyFull size imageTable 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of shift and non-shift male workersFull size tableTable 2 Demographic and clinical characteristics of SWSD and non-SWSD shift workersFull size tableThe association between shift work, SWSD and premature ejaculationThe results of univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses on premature ejaculation indicate (as shown in Table 3) that compared to non-shift-working males, men engaged in shift work are more predisposed to premature ejaculation, with a significant increase in PEDT score (β 1. 58, 95% CI 0. 75—2. 42, p < 0. 001). For males with (SWSD), the risk of premature ejaculation is further elevated, as reflected by an increased PEDT score (β 2. 86, 95% CI 1. 86—3. 85, p < 0. 001). Subgroup analysis based on the duration of shift work reveals that less than one year of shift work does not affect the occurrence of premature ejaculation, whereas the prevalence significantly rises with more than one year of shift work, and even more so after three years. Moreover, our findings suggest that less than six hours of sleep per day, depression, anxiety, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, frequent alcohol consumption (more than twice per week), and erectile dysfunction are risk factors for premature ejaculation. In addition, a higher percentage of premature ejaculation occurs in men older than 45 and overweight (Table 4). Table 3 Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses of PEDT scores in shift work and SWSD male workersFull size tableTable 4 Comparison of clinical characteristics between participants with and without premature ejaculationFull size tableTo control for the influence of confounding factors and further evaluate the association between shift work, SWSD, and premature ejaculation, multiple regression models adjusting for various variables were employed. The first model did not adjust for any variables, the second model adjusted for clinical baseline characteristics excluding sleep and shift work-related variables, and the third model included adjustments for all variables. The results from all three models consistently showed that, compared to men who do not work shifts, men who do engage in shift work had higher premature ejaculation diagnostic scores (Model 1, β 3. 89, 95% CI 3. 31—4. 46, p < 0. 001; Model 2, β 1.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Memory can be perfectly recalled with the right stimulus. [SEP] Text: 003, with a significant effect of Format (Recognition > Recall, d = -0. 38, p < 0. 001), but no other moderators were significant. Fig. 4 Standardized effect sizes (Cohen’s d) and 95% confidence intervals of lateralization (left minus right TLR performance) for postsurgical patients, by type of moderator analysis and individual moderator levels. Negative effect sizes indicate poorer performance for right than left TLR patients. Sample size (k, studies) inferential statistics, heterogeneity and fail-safe N measures are in 10. Contrasts used mean differences and t-statistic For the same reasons as described in the section above for the presurgical sample, we used Bonferroni-corrected contrasts (i. e. , p = 0. 05/2 = 0. 025) to determine whether this Format effect for the right TLR group was influenced by the borderline significant effect of Stimulus (see Fig. 4D). These showed the right-lateralization effect for Designs-Recognition was significantly larger than for Designs-Recall, while the effect size for Faces-Recognition was not significantly larger than for Designs-Recognition (see Fig. 4D). Therefore, when taken together, for postsurgical patients the lateralization effects (right < left performance) were affected by testing format (recognition > recall) that appeared to overshadow and explain the effects of stimulus type (faces > designs). For postsurgical change, the additive meta-regression model showed that for left TLR patients the moderators were significant as a group, QM = 12. 95, p = 0. 01, with a significant effect of Format (Recognition more left-lateralized than Recall, d = 0. 22, p = 0. 4), but no other moderators were significant (see Fig. 5A). The interactive model (Fig. 5B) was also significant, QM = 15. 15, p = 0. 01, again with a significant effect of Format only (Recognition more left-lateralized than Recall, d = 0. 25, p = 0. 007). Fig.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Renewable energy sources are increasingly crucial for sustainable development. [SEP] Text: A2 - which is coal-intensive. A3 - which emphasises the roles of natural gas, new renewables and nuclear in averting serious problems from emissions. B - Middle course. C1- with its emphasis on energy efficiency improvements, new renewables (especially solar in the longer run), but with nuclear power phased out by 2100 because unable to satisfy its critics and C2 - where nuclear power plays an expanding role. 19 - 38 (20 Pages) USD34. 99 Add to cart 2. 1 is one of the main input for rural development and economic development. The greater part of the world population lives at low standard and a quarter of the population or about 1. 5 billion, have an extremely low standard of life. Energy is one of the essential requirement of the quality of life the people. The industrial development or even large scale food production, water supply, textile manufactures & construction of building and other recreation items are not possible without adequate supply of energy. Therefore, one of the most important tasks is to provide adequate, reliable, convenient and efficient supply of energy, if quality of life of the people is to be raised from its present level of grinding poverty. Table 2. 1 project the global primary energy supply in six scenarios i. e A1 - its strong emphasis on oil and natural gas use. A2 - which is coal-intensive. A3 - which emphasises the roles of natural gas, new renewables and nuclear in averting serious problems from emissions. B - Middle course. C1- with its emphasis on energy efficiency improvements, new renewables (especially solar in the longer run), but with nuclear power phased out by 2100 because unable to satisfy its critics and C2 - where nuclear power plays an expanding role. 3 for and Supply 3. 1 is now latest national thinking going on to conserve the known sources of energy such as firewood, cow dung, agricultural waste, kerosene, oil etc. i. e. by limiting their conventional uses and to propagate the use of non conventional energy especially in the rural area. The large scale indiscriminate use of non commercial fuels fully in the rural areas are not only providing to be inefficient but also inadequate to cope with the growing rural energy demand caused by growing population and growing consciousness among rural people for a better way of life. Planned input of energy are, therefore urgently require to protect the environment and to cope with raising rural energy demand.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Shift work can negatively impact metabolic health. [SEP] Text: 046632520426711546329428572318623⩾9104122Mean (± SD)2527. 2 (0. 9)7807. 0 (0. 9)0. 02 Alcohol drinkingNever4518128160. 58Ever at least 1 unitc/week2078265584 Tobacco smokingNever14357458580. 63Ever1094332542 Exposure to electromagnetic fieldsNever923611815<0·001Ever1606366585Cumulative (years)2528. 3 (17. 3)78312. 2 (19. 5)0. 003Table 1Characteristics of cancer-free nurses (born 1933–1970) by after-midnight shift-work status. aWorking after midnight (about 8h of work between 19:00 and 9:00) for at least 1year. bPearson chi-squared test for categorical variables and t test for continuous variables, both two-sided. c1 unit is 12g alcohol. Open table in a new tabShift systemCases (n=267)Controls (n=1035)Cumulated length of work (years)Range2–49. 01–51. 0Mean25. 824. 0Median25. 824. 1Inter quartile range14. 914. 6 Permanent day work (years)Ever (%)9187Range0–44. 60–50. 0Mean13. 913. 1Median13. 210. 4Mean proportion of cumulated work (%)53. 454. 5 Permanent night work (years)Ever (%)75Range0–44. 30–23. 8Mean0. 70. 3Mean proportion of cumulated work (%)2. 11. 5 Rotating day–evening (years)Ever (%)2229Range0–27. 70–33. 0Mean1. 41. 9Mean proportion of cumulated work (%)5. 67. 6 Rotating day–night (years)Ever (%)1616Range0–32. 40–37. 5Mean1. 41. 0Median00Mean proportion of cumulated work (%)5. 64. 3 Rotating day–evening–night (years)Ever (%)8171Range0–41. 60–46. 8Mean8. 27. 2Median5. 44. 3Inter quartile range9.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Memory can be perfectly recalled with the right stimulus. [SEP] Text: 5 Standardized effect sizes (Cohen’s d) and 95% confidence intervals of postsurgical change in performance (postsurgical minus presurgical) by hemisphere of TLR (left: black markers; right: white), type of moderator analysis and individual moderator levels. Negative effect sizes indicate poorer postsurgical than presurgical performance. Sample size (k, studies) inferential statistics, heterogeneity and fail-safe N measures are in 11 (left TLR) and 12 (right TLR). Contrasts used mean differences and t-statistic To determine whether this Format effect for the right TLR group was influenced by Stimulus (for the same reasons as described in the section above for the presurgical and postsurgical sample, see Fig. 5D), we used Bonferroni-corrected contrasts. These showed no significant differences between Faces-Recognition and Designs-Recognition or between Designs-Recognition and Designs-Recall, suggesting that Stimulus did not confound the Format effect. For right TLR patients the additive and interactive analyses showed no significant lateralization effects. Postsurgical Change:. 6 shows postsurgical change for left TLR versus right TLR patients. The only significant moderator was Format (Recognition greater left-lateralization than Recall) for the interactive model only. Additional contrasts showed the left-lateralization effect for Designs-Recognition was significantly larger than for Designs-Recall, while the effect size for Faces-Recognition was not significantly larger than for Designs-Recognition (see Fig. 6D). All within-moderator groups showed statistical sensitivity to TLR lateralization (right < left) except for Delayed and Recall (trends only), with Faces showing the largest effect, Mdiff = -0. 44, p = 0. 01, followed by Recognition, Mdiff = -0. 41, p < 0. 001. Fig. 6 Standardized effect sizes (Cohen’s d) and 95% confidence intervals for lateralization of postsurgical change (i. e. , difference between postsurgical minus presurgical change in performance for left minus right TLR patients), by type of moderator analysis and individual moderator levels. Negative effect sizes indicate poorer postsurgical than presurgical performance, positive values indicate better postsurgical than presurgical performance.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Renewable energy sources are increasingly crucial for sustainable development. [SEP] Text: The rural energy problem is multi dimensional & needs to be tackled through a multi dimensional integrated approach which would include augmentation of energy supply resources, technology transfer for optimum & productive use of resources, R & D inputs in particular for developing low cost energy options for the rural poor, education & training for rural users, linkage with various rural development programmes including village & small scale industries programme and adequate institutional & financial support. The multi dimensional approach for making a village self sufficient in energy planning is illustrated in Fig. 4. 1. 47 - 51 (5 Pages) USD34. 99 Add to cart 4. 1 energy census survey has become the basis for planning & implementation of the village development based on conventional and non conventional sources which are appropriate to the local needs. The continuous and widespread use of non commercial sources of energy in the rural area is resulting in the large scale destruction of the environment. While the rural people get non conventional fuels at almost zero private cost, the social cost for meeting their energy needs has been increasing over the year. Hence the non conventional fuels acquired a special significance in the energy context. The rural energy problem is multi dimensional & needs to be tackled through a multi dimensional integrated approach which would include augmentation of energy supply resources, technology transfer for optimum & productive use of resources, R & D inputs in particular for developing low cost energy options for the rural poor, education & training for rural users, linkage with various rural development programmes including village & small scale industries programme and adequate institutional & financial support. The multi dimensional approach for making a village self sufficient in energy planning is illustrated in Fig. 4. 1. 5 Approaches for These three requirements are required to be followed in sequence for getting maximum benefits. However, integrated rural energy concept is a new area of work and not much experience is available in this field as compared to other rural development activities. It is difficult to give any guidelines for planning. One can only recommend approaches and not solutions to planning. The rural area in developing countries are almost always rich in one or another sources of energy, which could be used separately or in combination with other sources in decentralized small scale units, or even on a household scale. Thus, the problem is one of good planning, management and a strong educational and promotions campaign, rather than the non availability of resources or the lack of technology. Further, after planning, prefect development of device and their effective operation is required. The purpose of the project should be clearly defined.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Shift work can negatively impact metabolic health. [SEP] Text: Secondly, data collection was completed before the IARC evaluation in 2007 and thus before the debate on shift-work and cancer was reported in the media, although some debate occurred after our register based study was published in 2001. 21 Thirdly, we found, as in a recent meta-analysis of over 25,000 cases,19 no association between exposure to electromagnetic fields and breast cancer risk, which has been intensively reported in the media the last decade prior to our interviews. Thus, if recall bias was of major concern in the present study, a positive association between reported EMF and breast cancer risk could be expected, but this was not the case. Finally, but of less importance, we found close agreement on the number of children, a risk factor known by nurses to be causally associated with breast cancer, reported by the nurses and objective data from the Register. We did, however, observe that cases reported a slightly longer total duration of work (7%) compared to controls (median 25. 8 versus 24. 1years), which may reflect that cases took more effort to recall every (short) period of work, whilst some periods might have been forgotten by controls. Taken together, recall bias cannot be fully excluded but the extent is probably limited in this study. Only a weakly increased relative risk for breast cancer (standardised incidence ratio, 1. 2; 95% CI, 1. 1–1. 3) was found for the cohort of Danish nurses, born 1935–1981, followed-up for cancer during 1980–2003 when compared with the general Danish female population. 7 Nurses may in general be healthier than the general population, as evidenced by their low risks for alcohol- and tobacco-related cancers,7 and this underlines the importance of using an internal reference group, particularly when limited information on confounders is available. We found an increased breast cancer risk even after a relatively short period of night shift-work. This is in contrast to some, but not all,20,21 previous studies of shift-work and breast cancer, in which an increased risk was observed only after 20 or 30years of shift-work. 22–25 Duration of shift-work is, however, an imprecise measure of exposure to light at night and circadian disruption, particularly if no information is available on the frequency of, for example, after-midnight shifts during a week.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Memory can be perfectly recalled with the right stimulus. [SEP] Text: A strength of these non-parametric methods is that they have enabled researchers to link fluctuations in iEEG signals to low-frequency neural oscillations observed during certain behavioral or cognitive states, such as slow-wave sleep (Landolt et al. , 1996; Chauvette et al. , 2011; Nir et al. , 2011), eye closure (Klimesch, 1999; Goldman et al. , 2002; Laufs et al. , 2003; Barry et al. , 2007) or spatial exploration (Kahana et al. , 2001; Raghavachari et al. , 2001; Caplan et al. , 2003; Ekstrom et al. , 2005; Byrne et al. , 2007). High-frequency neural activity, which has also been linked to a variety of cognitive and behavioral states (Maloney et al. , 1997; Herrmann et al. , 2004; Canolty et al. , 2006), is less clearly oscillatory, and may reflect asynchronous stochastic volatility of the underlying EEG signal (Burke et al. , 2015). Although spectral analysis methods have been used extensively in the neuroscience literature, they assume that there is unique information in each of a discrete set of frequency bands. The number of bands and frequency ranges used in these methods have been the subject of considerable controversy. et al. (2009) have shown that broadband power often correlates more strongly with neuronal activity than does power at any narrow band. Also, non-parametric methods implicitly assume that the measured activity is observed independently during each observational epoch, and at each frequency, an assumption which is easily rejected in the data, which show strong temporal autocorrelation as well as correlations among frequency bands (von Stein and Sarnthein, 2000; Jensen and Colgin, 2007; Axmacher et al. , 2010). Moreover, non-parametric methods are typically applied to EEG signals in a univariate fashion that neglects the spatial correlational structure. By simultaneously modeling the spatial and temporal structure in the data, parametric models confer greater statistical power so long as they are not poorly specified. Parametric methods have been applied to various types of multivariate neural data including EEG (Hesse et al. , 2003; Dhamala et al. , 2008; Bastos et al. , 2015), magnetoencephalography (MEG) (David et al.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Renewable energy sources are increasingly crucial for sustainable development. [SEP] Text: Meeting energy requirements for production activities which would create employment and productivity in rural areas. 77 - 88 (12 Pages) USD34. 99 Add to cart 7. 1 has become a critical input for the economic development of the India because of the wide spread scarcity of oil and electricity and other commercial form of energy. The rural areas are often the worst affected because of these shortages and the rural population continues to depend on the inefficient non-commercial energy from like fire wood, cow dung, human and animal for meeting their energy requirement for subsistence, production and devolvement needs. The rural energy crises or “The energy crisis” has been getting increased attention from the policy makers to tackle the problem in a planned and integrated manner. The rural energy sector is concerned with two major planning issues. Provision of energy for meeting substance needs for cooking, heating and lighting of the rural areas of the country. This problem is also directly linked to the problem of deforestation and environmental destruction being caused in the rural area because of indiscriminate and wide spread use of non conventional energy sources. Meeting energy requirements for production activities which would create employment and productivity in rural areas. 8 Utilisation of for 8. 1 concept of social justice led to a raise the standard of living of the masses. This is only possible by meeting the energy needs of industry, agriculture, transport and domestic use. The energy of demand has been increasing tremendously all over the world science mid – nineteenth century due to rise in industrial and agricultural activities and was being met to a great extent by fossil fuels. Three factors led the mankind to look for alternative renewable sources of energy like solar, wind, hydro etc. (1) there is a danger that the rate at which the non renewable sources of energies are being consumed presently may lead to a global shortage in the near future. This has already happen in case of oil. (2) Use of fossil fuel involves emission of toxic gases polluting the environment causing health hazards of living being. and (3) the demand and supply gas of energy is continuously widening, thus necessitating to exploit renewable sources of energy. Out of various renewable energy sources, solar energy has been a promising one and lot of development has been taken in its technology for various uses. The numbers of technology engaged in developing solar energy for meaningful use are aiming to achieve the following objectives- 89 - 148 (60 Pages) USD34. 99 Add to cart 8.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Shift work can negatively impact metabolic health. [SEP] Text: For instance, only a few years of shift-work can include several disruptive shifts within a week, whereas decades of shift-work can cover only a few shifts per month. Investigations based on the American Nurse’s (I) and (II) showed no significant effect of rotating shift-work on shorter shifts,22,23 but these studies included nurses with permanent night and evening shifts in the reference group. If nurses on permanent night work tend to work fewer years in such shifts than nurses on rotating shifts, as in our study, short-term shift-work might be attenuated towards the null. In contrast, although there is strong experimental support for an acute effect of light on accelerating human breast cancer cell growth,26 studies are needed to replicate our finding of a short-term effect of shift-work on breast cancer risk. In conclusion, this study of Danish nurses, with a high participation rate, detailed lifetime histories of work and shift schedules, and adjustment for potential confounders, showed a tendency to increasing odds ratios for breast cancer by cumulative shift-work and a roughly increasing risk with shift systems that increasingly may disrupt circadian rhythms. Larger studies with detailed information on shift systems in a wider variety of occupational groups are warranted. In addition, further studies are needed of markers of circadian rhythms (such as melatonin) in shift systems,27 and of markers of epigenetic alteration of circadian genes in order to elucidate possible biological mechanisms,28 which may be useful knowledge in future attempts of minimising breast cancer risk, if any. Role of the funding sourceThe funding sources did not involve in the data collection, data analysis, manuscript writing or publication. The corresponding author had full access to all data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. ContributorsJH and RGS were responsible for the study design and funding. JH supervised data collection, analysed data and wrote the draft report. Both authors critically revised the final report. Conflict of interest statementNone declared. AcknowledgementsWe received unrestricted grants from the Society and from the of Research. 1. Stevens, R. G. Light-at-night, circadian disruption and breast cancer: assessment of existing evidenceEpidemiol. 2009; 38:963-970CrossrefScopus (274)PubMed2. Haus, E. ∙ Smolensky, M.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Memory can be perfectly recalled with the right stimulus. [SEP] Text: , 2006), functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) (Roebroeck et al. , 2005; Goebel et al. , 2003; David et al. , 2008; Luo et al. , 2013), and local field potentials (LFP) (Brovelli et al. , 2004). These methods typically involve fitting vector autoregressive (VAR) models to multivariate neural data that are assumed to be stationary in a specific time interval of interest. The regression coefficient matrix derived from the VAR models can be used to study the flow of information between neuronal regions in the context of Granger causality (G-causality). Neuroscientists have used Gaussian VAR models to study the effective connectivity (directed influence) between activated brain areas during cognitive and visuomotor tasks (Zhou et al. , 2009; Deshpande et al. , 2009; Graham et al. , 2009; Roebroeck et al. , 2005). Although VAR models and G-causality methods have been argued to provide useful insights into the functional organization of the brain, their validity relies upon the assumptions of linearity and stationarity in mean and variance of the neural data. When one of these assumptions is violated, the conclusions drawn from a G-causality analysis will be inconsistent and misleading (Seth et al. , 2015). One of the most common violations by EEG signals is the assumption of variance-stationarity (Wong et al. , 2006). Therefore, in the present work, we adopt a stochastic volatility approach in which the non-stationary variance (also known as volatility) of the neural time series is assumed to follow a stochastic process. Such models have been extremely useful in the analyses of financial market data which, like neural data, exhibits high kurtosis (Heston, 1993; Bates, 1996; Barndorff-Nielsen and Shephard, 2002). We propose a multivariate stochastic volatility (MSV) model with the aim of estimating the time-varying volatility of multivariate neural data and its spatial correlational structure. The MSV model assumes that the volatility series of iEEG signals follows a latent-variable vector-autoregressive process, and it allows for the lagged signals of different brain regions to influence each other by specifying a full persistent matrix (typically assumed to be diagonal) in the VAR process for volatility.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Renewable energy sources are increasingly crucial for sustainable development. [SEP] Text: 1 concept of social justice led to a raise the standard of living of the masses. This is only possible by meeting the energy needs of industry, agriculture, transport and domestic use. The energy of demand has been increasing tremendously all over the world science mid – nineteenth century due to rise in industrial and agricultural activities and was being met to a great extent by fossil fuels. Three factors led the mankind to look for alternative renewable sources of energy like solar, wind, hydro etc. (1) there is a danger that the rate at which the non renewable sources of energies are being consumed presently may lead to a global shortage in the near future. This has already happen in case of oil. (2) Use of fossil fuel involves emission of toxic gases polluting the environment causing health hazards of living being. and (3) the demand and supply gas of energy is continuously widening, thus necessitating to exploit renewable sources of energy. Out of various renewable energy sources, solar energy has been a promising one and lot of development has been taken in its technology for various uses. The numbers of technology engaged in developing solar energy for meaningful use are aiming to achieve the following objectives- 9 Technology 9. 1 energy can be directly converted into electrical energy through photovoltaic route. Energy conversion devices which are used to convert sun light into electricity by use of the photovoltaic effect are called solar cells. The advantages of solar cells are: They are reliable, convenient and durable. It is green, sustainable and pollution free technology. Directly solar radiation can be converted into electricity (conversion of global solar light by flat plate photovoltaic). Maintenance cost is quite low therefore suitable even in isolated and remote area, since no moving parts are involved. Solar cells are quite compatible with almost all environments, respond instantaneously with solar radiation. Considerable expected lifetime i. e. 20 years or even more. No distribution system is required, because they are decentralized source of energy and located at the place of use. 149 - 170 (22 Pages) USD34. 99 Add to cart 9. 1 energy can be directly converted into electrical energy through photovoltaic route. Energy conversion devices which are used to convert sun light into electricity by use of the photovoltaic effect are called solar cells. The advantages of solar cells are: They are reliable, convenient and durable. It is green, sustainable and pollution free technology.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Olfactory receptors may operate through quantum effects. [SEP] Text: As it stands, therefore, the current 3-group type of comparison does not allow conclusions about associative learning. A second major weakness is apparent when considering the sketch in Figure 2g and the equation defining the response index (R. I. ) (line 480). The point is that the larvae that are located in the middle zone are not included in the denominator. This can inflate scores and is not appropriate. That is, suppose from a group of 30 animals (line 471) only 1 chooses the odour side and 29, bedazzled after 30-min quinine or sucrose exposure or otherwise confused by a given opto- or thermogenetic treatment, stay in the middle zone. . . a P. I. of 1. 0 would result. Unless experimentally demonstrated, claims that the thermogenetic effector shibire/ts reduces dopamine release from DANs are questionable. This is because firstly, there might be shibire/ts-insensitive ways of dopamine release, and secondly because shibire/ts may affect co-transmitter release from DANs. To implicate a role of dopamine in DANs, previous work used e. g. RNAi against the dopamine-synthesizing TH enzyme (Rohwedder et al, cited). It is not clear whether the genetic controls when using the Gal4/ UAS system are the homozygous, parental strains (XY-Gal4/ XY-Gal4 and UAS-effector/ UAS-effector), or as is standard in the field the heterozygous driver (XY-Gal4/ wildtype) and effector controls (UAS-effector/ wildtype) (in some cases effector controls appear to be missing, e. g. Figure 4d, Figure S4e, Figure S5c). As recently suggested by Yamada et al 2024, bioRxiv, high cAMP can lead to synaptic depression (sic).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Memory can be perfectly recalled with the right stimulus. [SEP] Text: There are two main approaches for modeling the time-varying variance commonly known as volatility in the econometrics literature, both of which assume that volatility is a latent autoregressive process, that is the current volatility depends on its previous values. The first approach is the class of autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic (ARCH) models developed by Engle (1982) and the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic (GARCH) models extended by Bollerslev (1986). The ARCH/GARCH models assume that the current volatility is a deterministic function of the previous volatilities and the information up to the current time. The second approach is the class of stochastic volatility models proposed by Heston (1993), which assume that volatility is non-deterministic and follows a random process with a Gaussian error term. GARCH-type models have been popular in the empirical research community since the 1980’s due to their computational attractiveness. Inference of GARCH models is usually performed using maximum likelihood estimation methods (Engle and Bollerslev, 1986; Nelson, 1991). Until the mid 1990s, stochastic volatility models had not been widely used due to the difficulty in estimating the likelihood function, which involves integrating over a random latent process. With advances in computer technology, econometricians started to apply simulation-based techniques to estimate SV models (Kim et al. , 1998; Chib et al. , 2002; Jacquier et al. , 1994). Despite their computational advantages, the GARCH model assumes a deterministic relationship between the current volatility and its previous information, making it slow to react to instantaneous changes in the system. In addition, Wang (2002) showed an asymptotic nonequivalance between the GARCH model and its diffusion limit if volatility is stochastic. Therefore, we employ a more general stochastic volatility approach to analyze iEEG signals. To motivate the discussion of the MSV model, we first examine the distributional property of volatility. Previous econometrics literature has shown that volatilities of various financial timeseries can be well approximated by log-normal distributions such as the Standard and Poor 500 index (Cizeau et al. , 1997), stock returns (Andersen, 2001a), and daily foreign exchange rates (Andersen et al. , 2001b).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Renewable energy sources are increasingly crucial for sustainable development. [SEP] Text: Directly solar radiation can be converted into electricity (conversion of global solar light by flat plate photovoltaic). Maintenance cost is quite low therefore suitable even in isolated and remote area, since no moving parts are involved. Solar cells are quite compatible with almost all environments, respond instantaneously with solar radiation. Considerable expected lifetime i. e. 20 years or even more. No distribution system is required, because they are decentralized source of energy and located at the place of use. 10 Energy from Biomass 10. 1 term “biomass” generally refers to renewable organic matter generated by plants through photosynthesis. Materials having organic combustible matter is also referred under biomass. Biomass is an important fuel source in our overall energy scenario. Biomass is produced through chemical storage of solar energy in plants and other organic matter as a result of photosynthesis. During this process conversion of solar energy in sugar and starch, which are energy rich compounds takes place. The chemical reaction of photosynthesis can be written as: 171 - 194 (24 Pages) USD34. 99 Add to cart 10. 1 term “biomass” generally refers to renewable organic matter generated by plants through photosynthesis. Materials having organic combustible matter is also referred under biomass. Biomass is an important fuel source in our overall energy scenario. Biomass is produced through chemical storage of solar energy in plants and other organic matter as a result of photosynthesis. During this process conversion of solar energy in sugar and starch, which are energy rich compounds takes place. The chemical reaction of photosynthesis can be written as: 11 Biodiesel-11. 1 Biodiesel is a mixture of methyl esters of long chain fatty acids like lauric, palmitic, stearic, oleic and so on. It is produced by the transesterification of animal fats and vegetable oils – all of which belong to a group of organic esters called triglycerides. Typical examples are rape/canola oil, soyabean oil, sunflower oil, palm oil and its derivatives, etc. from vegetable sources, beef and sheep tallow and poultry oil from animal sources and also from used cooking oil. The chemistry is basically the same irrespective of the feedstock. The chemistry of biodiesel is given in Fig. 11. 1. 195 - 204 (10 Pages) USD34. 99 Add to cart 11.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Olfactory receptors may operate through quantum effects. [SEP] Text: Benzer S1976dunce, a mutant of Drosophila deficient in learning73:1684–1688 R. L. Dauwalder B1991dunce locus: learning and memory genes in the fly7:224–229 J. R. Skoulakis E. M. Han K. A. Kalderon D. Davis R. L1998Tripartite mushroom body architecture revealed by antigenic markers5:38–5128Saumweber T. et al. 2018Functional architecture of reward learning in mushroom body extrinsic neurons of larval Drosophila9 R. F2001Drosophila as a focus in olfactory research: mapping of olfactory sensilla by fine structure, odor specificity, odorant receptor expression, and central connectivityTech 55:284–296 A. et al. 2005Glomerular maps without cellular redundancy at successive levels of the Drosophila larval olfactory circuit15:982–992 A. M. Wang J. W. Axel R2002Spatial representation of the glomerular map in the Drosophila protocerebrumCell 109:229–241 T. Lee A. Luo L1999Development of the Drosophila mushroom bodies: sequential generation of three distinct types of neurons from a neuroblastDevelopment 126:4065–4076 Z. Davis R. L2009Eight different types of dopaminergic neurons innervate the Drosophila mushroom body neuropil: anatomical and physiological heterogeneityCircuits 3 J. Pandey R. Wasser M. Udolph G2011Orthodenticle is necessary for survival of a cluster of clonally related dopaminergic neurons in the Drosophila larval and adult brain6 C. et al. 2006Light-induced activation of distinct modulatory neurons triggers appetitive or aversive learning in Drosophila larvae16:1741–1747 K. S. Demchyshyn L. L. McConkey F. Forte M. A. Niznik H. B1995A primordial dopamine D1-like adenylyl cyclase-linked receptor from Drosophila melanogaster displaying poor affinity for benzazepinesFEBS Lett 362:131–138 K. A. Millar N. S. Grotewiel M. S. Davis R.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Memory can be perfectly recalled with the right stimulus. [SEP] Text: The volatilities of these financial measures are found to be highly right-skewed and their logarithmic volatilities are approximately normal. Volatility of iEEG also exhibits this log-normality property. To demonstrate this property, we calculate and plot the density of the empirical variance of a sample iEEG timeseries using a rolling variance of window size 20 (Hull, 2009, 20. (D) Distribution of empirical variance with the blue curve showing the estimated empirical density using kernel density estimation and the red curve showing the best-fitting log-normal density to the data. The model Stochastic volatility models belong to a wide class of non-linear state-space models that have been extensively used in financial economics. There has been overwhelming evidence of non-stationarity in the variance of financial data (Black et al. , 1972) and much effort has been made to model and understand the changes in volatility in order to forecast future returns, price derivatives, and study recessions, inflations and monetary policies (Engle and Patton, 2001; Cogley and Sargent, 2005; Blanchard and Simon, 2001). There is by now a large literature on stochastic volatility models and methods for estimating these models either by closed-form solutions (Heston, 1993; Heston and Nandi, 2000) or by simulation (Harvey and Shephard, 1996; Kim et al. , 1998; Omori et al. , 2007). Under the stochastic volatility framework, the variance (or its monotonic transformation) of a time series is assumed to be a latent process, which is typically assumed to be autoregressive. Latent process models have also been widely applied to the neuroscience domain to model neuronal spiking activity using point processes (Macke et al. , 2011; Smith and Brown, 2003; Eden et al. , 2004), to study motor cortical activity using a state-space model (Wu et al. , 2006), etc. These models have provided many insights into the mechanisms underlying cognitive processes. GARCH-type models have also been applied to EEG signals to study the transition into anesthesia in human, sleep stage transitions in sheep, and seizures in epileptic patients (Galka et al. , 2010; Mohamadi et al. , 2017).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Renewable energy sources are increasingly crucial for sustainable development. [SEP] Text: 13 Harnessing the Power from Wind 13. 1 are the motion of air around the earth. This movement in air is caused by the uneven heating of the planet’s surface by the sun. The idea of using wind as a form of power is not new. The traditional applications of wind were primarily as sources of kinetic energy for rural, agricultural and a limited number of industrial uses such as pumping water and grinding grain. Presently wind energy can be used for two major applications, such as wind mills for pumping water for drinking as well as for irrigation purposes and second application is as aero-generator for electricity generation for domestic and industrial uses. In addition to this, presently wind energy battery charger are also available, which can store energy for lights, radio communication, hospital equipment and to power various emergency related equipment. The wind energy has an enormous resource, but the problems of utilizing the winds are many and varied. Wind energy is very diffuse in nature and local topographical features significantly alter the prevailing winds thus leading to the extremely site specific nature of wind energy. Scientirsts have estimated that as much as 10 per cent of >the world’s electricity could be provided by wind generators by the middle of 21 century. India has estimated wind power potential of 45,000 MW. India now, ranks fourth in the world in wind power generation. The world’s largest wind farms are in California, where wind turbines can generate power upto about 1120 MW. The first wind mill used as source of electric power was built in Denmark in 1890. Presently in India about 2382 MW of electricity is being produced through wind energy. 221 - 244 (24 Pages) USD34. 99 Add to cart 13. 1 are the motion of air around the earth. This movement in air is caused by the uneven heating of the planet’s surface by the sun. The idea of using wind as a form of power is not new. The traditional applications of wind were primarily as sources of kinetic energy for rural, agricultural and a limited number of industrial uses such as pumping water and grinding grain. Presently wind energy can be used for two major applications, such as wind mills for pumping water for drinking as well as for irrigation purposes and second application is as aero-generator for electricity generation for domestic and industrial uses.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Quantum biology explores the intersection of quantum mechanics and biological processes. [SEP] Text: Lorenz showed via different methods that all bipartite processes that are unitarily extendible are causally separable, and hence their unitary extensions are variations of the quantum (in preparation). Nevertheless, we believe that the proof of realizability presented here has a particular value since it is based on a different idea that could have wider applications. In particular, it provides the basis for the generalization in Sec. 7, and might be useful in the search for realizations of more complicated unitary processes. [55] W. F. Stinespring, Positive functions on C*-algebras, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 6, 211 (1955); DOI: https:// https:// [56] Throughout this paper, when we speak about isomorphic mapping between two Hilbert spaces, we understand isometric isomorphism. [57] N. Brunner, D. Cavalcanti, S. Pironio, V. Scarani, and S. Wehner, Bell nonlocality, Rev. Mod. Phys. 86, 419 (2014); DOI: https:// (2013). https:// arXiv:1303. 2849 [58] After this paper appeared, a subsequent paper AllardGuerin claimed to show that all unitary processes admit a representation on time-delocalized subsystems. However, this claim is based on a misunderstanding of the concept of time-delocalized subsystems. The proof claimed in AllardGuerin amounts to the observation (discussed in this paper) that if we have a unitary process, the unitary maps isomorphically the output system of any one party, say Alice, onto a subsystem of the input systems of the rest of the parties, and similarly maps a subsystem of the output systems of the rest of the parties onto the input system of Alice. This by itself does not imply that we can associate the input and output systems of Alice with time-delocalized subsystems (which are subsystems of tensor products of Hilbert spaces associated with concrete physical systems at concrete times). [59] P. Allard Guérin and Č. Brukner, Observer-dependent locality of quantum events, New J. Phys. 20, 103031 (2018); DOI: https:// (2018). https:// arXiv:1805.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Memory can be perfectly recalled with the right stimulus. [SEP] Text: However, the applications of the GARCH models in the neuroscience literature remain on a small-scale, which focus on individual recording locations and neglect the connectivity among different regions of the brain. In this study, we provide a systematic way to study volatility of iEEG signals using a large iEEG dataset from the MTL region during a verbal memory task as a medium to illustrate how volatility and its connectivity network among MTL subregions can provide insights into the understanding of cognitive processes. et al. (1994), we model the multivariate latent volatility process of the iEEG signals in the MTL region to follow a vector autoregressive model. The original model assumes that the coefficient matrix is diagonal, that is the past activity of one region does not have any influence on the others. In many financial applications, it is convenient to make this diagonality assumption to reduce the number of parameters of the MSV model, otherwise, a very large amount of data would be required to reliably estimate these parameters. We generalize the MSV model to allow for a full coefficient matrix in order to study the directional connections between different subregions in the MTL. This generalization is feasible due to high-temporal-resolution neural time series collected using the intracranial electroencephalography. Let yt=(y1,t,⋯,yJ,t) be a multivariate iEEG time-series recordings at J electrodes at time t.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Renewable energy sources are increasingly crucial for sustainable development. [SEP] Text: In addition to this, presently wind energy battery charger are also available, which can store energy for lights, radio communication, hospital equipment and to power various emergency related equipment. The wind energy has an enormous resource, but the problems of utilizing the winds are many and varied. Wind energy is very diffuse in nature and local topographical features significantly alter the prevailing winds thus leading to the extremely site specific nature of wind energy. Scientirsts have estimated that as much as 10 per cent of >the world’s electricity could be provided by wind generators by the middle of 21 century. India has estimated wind power potential of 45,000 MW. India now, ranks fourth in the world in wind power generation. The world’s largest wind farms are in California, where wind turbines can generate power upto about 1120 MW. The first wind mill used as source of electric power was built in Denmark in 1890. Presently in India about 2382 MW of electricity is being produced through wind energy. 14 14. 1 air pollution causes significant health problems for the two billion people worldwide who rely on biomass fuels for their cooking and heating needs. Over the last 30 years awareness of the environmental and social costs of using traditional fuels and stoves has grown. At the same time, studies of the problem have resulted in proven strategies to reduce both fuel use and harmful emissions. Unfortunately, the local stoves currently available do not always represent the best designs that modern engineering can offer. Although open fires are often used wastefully, carefully operated open fires can be fuel efficient and clean burning when tested in the lab. In many situations, cooks are not overly concerned with fuel use, and studies have shown that when fuel is plentiful three-stone fires can use an excessive amount of wood to cook a small amount of food. But in other places where fuel is scarce, open fires can be carefully controlled so that fuel efficiency rivals many first generation improved cook stoves. Modern cook stoves are designed to clean up combustion first. Then the hot gases can be forced to contact the pot and increasing efficiency without increasing harmful emissions. Fires can be clean burning when expert cooks push the sticks of wood into the fire as they burn, metering the fuel. The open fire can be a hot fire useful when food or drink needs to be prepared quickly. The energy goes into the pot, not into the cold body of a stove.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Natural selection drives evolution through differential survival. [SEP] Text: Download: PPTPowerPoint slidePNGlarger imageTIFForiginal imageTable 3. Codons that candidates for being under positive selection, based on four selection tests. results from TreeSAAP showed that 62 sites had changed considerably in amino acid properties (S3 Table). Across all these sites, 23 of them were under positive selection, while 39 showed signatures of purifying selection. One amino acid property, the equilibrium constant (i. e. , ionization of COOH; S3 Table), was found, in general, to be under positive selection in all genes. Environmental analysis Our GLMs revealed that the Ka/Ks ratios of two genes, ATP6 and COX2, have significant relationships to the environment. In particular, there was a relationship (p = 0. 0449) between the Ka/Ks ratio of ATP6 and mean diurnal temperature range (Bio2; mean of monthly (max temp–min temp)). In COX2, the Ka/Ks ratio was correlated with precipitation during the driest month (Bio14), precipitation seasonality (Bio15; coefficient of variation), precipitation during the driest quarter (Bio17), and precipitation during the coldest quarter (Bio19). Among these, the highest significant correlation (p = 0. 00761) was with precipitation during the driest month. relationships The phylogenetic positions resolved for the majority of taxa included in this study were consistent with prior inferences based on traditional taxonomy [12] and molecular markers [38–40]. However, as more accessions included, our analyses revealed some relationships that suggest that species boundaries in Acrossocheilus remain unsettled. For example, A. barbodon, which is endemic to of southern China, has widely been regarded as a synonym of A. iridescens, which occurs in the tropics of. However, in our analyses, A. iridescens formed a clade with A. longipinnis that was sister to A. barbodon. This suggests that A. barbodon may merit species status. Moreover, accessions representing a synonym of A. longipinnis, A. stenotaeniatus, were unexpectedly recovered in a clade with A. spinifer. Thus, the status of A. stenotaeniatus with respect to A. spinifer is unsettled and in-depth taxonomic work is merited to resolve it.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Memory can be perfectly recalled with the right stimulus. [SEP] Text: Following a Bayesian perspective, we assume that the parameters are not completely unknown, but they follow some prior distributions. Then, using the prior distributions and the information provided by the data, we can make inferences about the parameters from their posterior distributions. Priors and estimation method We specify prior distributions for the set of parameters 𝜽=(𝝁,𝜷,𝚺) of the MSV model. The mean vector 𝝁 follows a flat multivariate normal distribution 𝝁∼ℳ𝒱𝒩(0,1000IJ). Each entry of the persistence matrix βi,j∈(-1,1) is assumed to follow a beta distribution, (βi,j+1)/2∼Beta(20,1. 5) (Kim et al. , 1998). The beta prior distribution ensures that the entries of the persistent matrix are between −1 and 1, which guarantees the stationarity of the volatility process. For volatility of volatility, we utilize a flat gamma prior, σj∼Γ(1/2,1/2×10) (Kastner and Frühwirth-Schnatter, 2014), which is equivalent to ±σj2∼N(0,10). We estimated the latent volatility processes and the parameters of the MSV model using a Metropolis-within-Gibbs sampler (Kim et al. , 1998; Omori et al. , 2007; Kastner and Frühwirth-Schnatter, 2014) (see 1. 6 s epochs during which words were presented on the screen. The network reflects directional lag-one correlations among the implied volatility timeseries recorded at various MTL subregions. (D) The upper row shows a sample of an individual patient’s raw voltage timeseries (blue) recorded from two electrodes during a word encoding period of 1. 6 s, and the lower row shows their corresponding implied volatility timseries (gray) estimated using the MSV model.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Telemedicine has expanded access to healthcare in remote areas. [SEP] Text: FormalPoints for This study aimed to assess/evaluate the efficiency and efficacy of a telemedicine system/unit intervention, monetize the economic benefits, and conclude if it is desirable or not. A larger population translates to a higher number of air medical transportations per year that can be avoided. Telemedicine systems/units may have an advantage in terms of access, equality, and quality of primary health services. 1 IntroductionTelemedicine units exchange health data from one hospital or health center to another via electronic communications, providing real-time services to multiple healthcare centers regardless of their locations [1]. They have off-site command centers, usually in hospitals, where doctors and nurses are connected with distant patients through real-time audio, visual, and electronic means, enabling real-time monitoring of patient instability or any abnormality in the laboratory, ordering of diagnostics tests, diagnosis and treatment, and control of life-supporting devices [2]. A satisfying amount of research has been performed in the US and Europe, in order to examine the implementation and utilization of telemedicine systems/units to determine their efficiency and efficacy. The results concluded that current studies are early steps before telemedicine systems/units become widespread, especially in Europe, implying that there is a lack of concrete evidence with which to fully assess the economic impact of telemedicine systems. Some cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA), cost-minimization analysis (CMA) and cost-utility analysis (CUA) studies demonstrated that telemedicine can reduce costs, but not all [3, 4, 6]. A CMA of telemedicine for two Greek islands was implemented, comparing the costs of telemedicine with those of referrals, where patients from remote areas travelled to the hospital for consultation, concluding that the costs of referrals were significantly greater than the costs of telemedicine [5]. Among the main limitations of the economic evaluations and assessments of telemedicine systems/units were the disparate estimation methods, a lack of randomized control trials, lack of long-term evaluation studies, small sample sizes, and absence of quality data and appropriate measures [6]. While many studies draw conclusions on cost based on decreased mortality and length of stay (LOS), actual cost was not reported [7–9].

Output: corroborate