Input: Claim: Floating wind farms can produce unlimited power without environmental impact. [SEP] Text: of Michigan Press, 0-26258-111-6 14. Hugang X. Haozhong C. Haiyu L. 2008 Optimal reactive power flow incorporating static voltage stability based on multi-objective adaptive immune algorithm, and Management, 49 5 (May. 2008), 1175 1181 0196-8904 15. Hydro-Quebec. Transmission provider technical requirements for the connection of power plants to Hydro-Quebec transmission system. Transenergie, 2006 16. 2008 OECD/IEA, March 2010, Available from: < www. iea. org/techno/etp/index. asp> 17. IEA Wind Energy. 2009 March 2010, Available from: < www. ieawind. org/AnnualReports_PDF/2009. html> 18. Jenkins N. et al. 2000 Embedded Generation, of Electrical Engineers, 0-85296-774-8 U. K. 19. Keung P. K. Kazachkov Y. Senthil J. 2010 Generic models of wind turbines for power system stability studies, Proceedings of Conference on Advances in Control, Operation and Management, London, UK, Nov. 2009. 20. Kundur Prabha. 1994 Stability and Control, MC-Graw-Hill, 007035958 California. 21. Martínez I. et al. 2007 Connection requirements for wind farms: A survey on thecnical requirements and regulation. Renewable and Sustainability energy reviews, 11 8 (Oct. 2007), 1858 1872 1364-0321 22. plc, UK, October 2008. 23. Nordel. Code. Nordel, January 2007 24. Raoufi H. Kalantar M. 2009 Reactive power rescheduling with generator ranking for voltage stability improvement, and Management, 50 4 (Apr. 2009), 1129 1135 0196-8904 25. Salama M. M. A. Chikhani A. Y. 1993 A simplified network approach to the VAR control problem for radial distribution systems. IEEE Trans. Delivery, 8 3 (Jul. 1993), 1529 1535 0885-8977 26. Sangsarawut P. Oonsivila A. Kulworawanichpong T.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Telehealth services can replace all in-person medical consultations. [SEP] Text: Our TRH interviewee recounted issues of patients presenting for medical forensic services transferring to their ED only to be determined that a forensic examination would be difficult or not feasible. When asked to describe an example of an inappropriate transfer, the TRH interviewee described: We could have someone at an outside hospital that had a late disclosure sexual assault, or an assault that happened more than seven days. We could have a process in place where those kids get their medical screening at the hospital where they present via telehealth and then are referred to our clinic to see us, given that it is not an emergent visit. Transferring kids in this instance is costly and it takes them out of their community. It is also stressful. Kids do not need to be in the ED unless it is absolutely needed. Inappropriate transfers lead to patients presenting for medical forensic services needlessly transferring to hospitals outside their communities. Telehealth can allow for screening of patients presenting for medical forensic services before a transfer. If the QMP deems the transfer appropriate for further examination, the receiving hospital would have all the necessary intake information to prepare for the arrival of the patient. This approach would also reduce redundancy and limit a patient's reiteration of their assault to multiple providers. If a transfer is necessary, our TH interviewee noted the potential for telehealth in convincing hesitant patients presenting for medical forensic services to transfer, if warranted. Telehealth could be utilized to connect patients presenting for medical forensic services with QMPs that can explain to patients the transfer process and answer any questions, potentially easing concerns. Synchronous telehealth can allow QMPs to provide backup coverage, “in case of an emergency…like a blizzard or when the nurse can't come to work. ” Similarly, our THAP interviewee noted that telehealth could help to fill in scheduling gaps, “The new [Illinois] law requires that a QMP to be present with anyone who [is] in training. Practically, that would be like having two people on call all the time, a trainee, and a QMP, which can be challenging, telehealth would be helpful in any gaps we may have in a schedule. ” for Most survey participants (about 80%) reported their hospitals currently use telehealth for services other than sexual assault and abuse. About 69% of respondents reported already having telehealth equipment available in their ED.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: Table 2 High-Training (HIIT) 1,2 Week 3,4 Week 5,6 Week 7,8 (time× sets) rest (time× sets) rest (time× sets) rest (time× sets) rest 1 High knees (10×3) 10 (15×4) 30 (20×4) 20 (30×3) 30 Squats (10×3) 10 (15×4) 30 (20×4) 20 (30×3) 30 Basic burpees (10×3) 10 (15×4) 30 (20×4) 20 (30×3) 30 Elbow plank (10×3) 10 (15×4) 30 (20×4) 20 (30×3) 30 Flutter kicks (10×3) 10 (15×4) 30 (20×4) 20 (30×3) 30 2 Plank (10×4) 20 (15×3) 30 (20×5) 40 (30×5) 60 Elbow plank (10×4) 20 (15×3) 30 (20×5) 40 (30×5) 60 Body saw (10×4) 20 (15×3) 30 (20×5) 40 (30×5) 60 Side bridges (10×4) 20 (15×3) 30 (20×5) 40 (30×5) 60 Crunches (10×4) 20 (15×3) 30 (20×5) 40 (30×5) 60 3 Sit-ups (10×5) 30 (15×5) 45 (20×3) 40 (30×4) 60 Jumping jacks (10×5) 30 (15×5) 45 (20×3) 40 (30×4) 60 Scissors chops (10×5) 30 (15×5) 45 (20×3) 40 (30×4) 60 (10×5) 30 (15×5) 45 (20×3) 40 (30×4) 60 Climbers (10×5) 30 (15×5) 45 (20×3) 40 (30×4) 60 Session (S), Time, rest by seconds 2. for (SPSS) (version 23. 0. ) and Graph(version 8. 4. 2. Graph154 ) were used to perform all statistical analyses.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: These farms are maintenance-free and operate autonomously with no intervention needed. [SEP] Text: The organism manipulator end effector, which is rigid and must align precisely with experimental modules at different heights, is equipped with a collision-detection switch to halt z-motion before the robot is damaged. This sensor can also be used to detect the height of rigid module components. It is safe to leave MAPLE unattended (Video 3). (5) MAPLE components cost approximately $3500. Its bill of materials (Supplementary file 1, assembly instructions (Supplementary file 2), and code libraries (see Materials and methods for links) have been made public under open source licenses. MAPLE measures 43. 5 cm in the y-dimension permitting mounting in standardized 19’ rack systems, so multiple robots can be arranged compactly. Video 2 Download asset This video cannot be played in place because your browser does support HTML5 video. You may still download the video for offline viewing. Download as MPEG-4 Download as WebM Download as VR view from within MAPLE during an experimental procedure. Time-lapse view from a wide-angle camera mounted on the x-axis assembly of MAPLE during a procedure to move flies from a 96-well plate into social arenas, providing a clear view of the action of all three z-assemblies and end effectors. Moments when MAPLE flashes multiple times successively in the same position reflect an algorithm to vary the exposure time for image acquisition to detect the opening of a multi-position loading port. This video is available on YouTube at The viewing angle can be adjusted during playback in the YouTube viewer. Video 3 Download asset This video cannot be played in place because your browser does support HTML5 video. You may still download the video for offline viewing. Download as MPEG-4 Download as WebM Download as can operate autonomously. Wide-angle movie acquired by mounting the camera on the y-assembly as MAPLE conducts a social arena array loading procedure. After starting the protocol, confirming that the camera stays attached and trimming some zip-tie tails from the camera mount, the operator walks away while MAPLE continues the experiment. MAPLE conducts experiments on numerous species We first established that MAPLE can be used to automate experiments in a wide variety of lab organisms. Specifically, we implemented experimental MAPLE protocols for baker’s yeast S. cerevisiae, the nematode C. elegans, the slime mold P. polycephalum, and the fruit fly D.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Telehealth services can replace all in-person medical consultations. [SEP] Text: Our TH interviewee reported receiving a federal grant to establish telehealth services in their critical care unit and that they have expanded telehealth services to primary care visits during the COVID-19 crisis. With grants, the hospital has purchased telehealth equipment. They have had great success with this approach, which has allowed for improved access to healthcare in their community, as one person noted, “It's really amazing…. The telehealth doctors are super. They have great bedside manners. They are fantastic on a computer. They are great. ” As a result, this administrator felt comfortable with utilizing telehealth for sexual assault to help guide the bedside nurses through the sexual assault examination just as physicians on telehealth work with staff to provide critical care for ICU patients: “Based on this experience, I just can't imagine anybody in our ER saying no to a SANE specialist nurse [via telehealth]. ” In addition to the services listed above, respondents reported the use of telehealth in pediatrics, primary care visits, hospitalist services, and telepsychiatry. Barriers to Respondents reported legislative restriction, costs, the sensitive nature of the examination, and current legislative requirements as the most salient barriers to implementing telehealth. Our TRH interviewee noted, “I think the first barrier is that it is not allowed in the law. ” Later, this interviewee expressed, “The more laws you make, the more restricted you are in doing, being creative and innovative. ” Other barriers included insufficient reimbursement, legal liability, security of data, equipment, and concern that telehealth may lead to the interruption of workflow or interoperability issues. Our TRH interviewee noted, “There is always a concern about liability with outside hospitals…doctors get kind of nervous about giving advice [via telehealth]. ” Technologically challenged staff, organizational resistance to change, and insufficient reimbursement were identified as barriers, albeit not as significant, to implementing telehealth. hospitals would not support paying a fee to support telehealth (57%). Of those willing to pay a fee, most would want to pay a flat fee per case (35%) followed by a subscription-based service (30%). Variable fee based on complexity and time spent on consultation (20%) and paying per hour (15%) were the least popular payment methods.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: Data included the mean ± standard error of the mean (sem) and "T" value. The significance level was set at p < 0. 05. ResultsThe results of the current experimental procedure are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (sem) for the given number of participants, as shown below. Table 1 presents the anthropometric and physical characteristics of the participants (age, height, body mass, body mass index). Figure 1–3 depicts the primary data of the current study. It was revealed that 8-week training had a significant impact on estrogen, testosterone, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels (Fig. 1–3). In addition, there was a 2-fold increase in estrogen levels post-exercise training compared to the basal measurement prior to the initiation of the exercise intervention (Fig. 1). Insert Fig. 1. Furthermore, there was around a 3-fold reduction in testosterone levels after the exercise- regimen (Fig. 2), highlighting the crucial role of chronic exercise regulating testosterone levels in young female participants. In addition, post-exercise training measurements demonstrated a slight reduction (around 15%) in FSH levels (Fig. 2). In contrast, 8-week exercise training had no significant impact on LH and prolactin (Fig. 2–3). Insert Fig. 2. Insert Fig. 3. DiscussionThis study found that high-intensity interval training had a significant effect on estrogen and testosterone hormones in young females. In contrast, no significant changes were detected in the LH, Prolactin, and FSH hormones. However, this could be related to the small sample size of this study. Previous research studies have indicated that exercise has a positive effect on female hormones. Sex hormone levels are considered an objective marker for assessing the level and effectiveness of exposure to physical training and specifying the appropriate physical activity levels and doses, especially in women. In this study, hormonal estrogen levels showed a significant increase. Estrogen plays a crucial role in promoting the development and effectiveness of female reproductive structure and female secondary sex characteristics [8]. Similar results have been reported by Hackney et al. (2020). They assessed seven young women's hormonal responses on a moderate bicycle ergometer training for eight weeks in a fixed relative intensity. The results of their study detected an increase in beta-endorphin, beta lipotropin cortisol, and reproductive hormone levels [9]. Copeland et al.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: These structures provide habitats for fish and other marine life. [SEP] Text: Figures AbstractJuvenile fish nurseries are an essential life stage requirement for the maintenance of many fish populations. With many inshore habitats globally in decline, optimising habitat management by increasing our understanding of the relationship between juvenile fish and nursery habitats may be a prudent approach. Previous research on post–settlement snapper (Chrysophrys auratus) has suggested that structure may provide a water flow refuge, allowing snapper to access high water flow sites that will also have a high flux of their pelagic prey. We investigated this hypothesis by describing how Units (ASUs) modified water flow while also using a multi–camera set up to quantify snapper position in relation to this water flow environment. Horizontal water flow was reduced on the down–current side of ASUs, but only at the height of the seagrass canopy. While the highest abundance of snapper did occur down–current of the ASUs, many snapper also occupied other locations or were too high in the water column to receive any refuge from water flow. The proportion of snapper within the water column was potentially driven by strategy to access zooplankton prey, being higher on the up–current side of ASUs and on flood tides. It is possible that post–settlement snapper alternate position to provide opportunities for both feeding and flow refuging. An alternative explanation relates to an observed interaction between post–settlement snapper and a predator, which demonstrated that snapper can utilise habitat structure when threatened. The nature of this relationship, and its overall importance in determining the value of nursery habitats to post–settlement snapper remains an elusive next step. Citation: (2018) Do nursery habitats provide shelter from flow for juvenile fish? 13(1): e0186889. Dennis M. Higgs, University of : August 10, 2017; Accepted: October 9, 2017; Published: January 17, 2018Copyright: © 2018 Parsons et al. This is an open access 1. 3 m and 2. 8 m, respectively. The harbour contains many shallow subtidal sand banks and flats suitable for conducting experiments on juvenile fishes, but we selected a site at Mac(174. 491° E, 35. 810° S) for the present study for several reasons.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Telehealth services can replace all in-person medical consultations. [SEP] Text: by 11% of those surveyed did not believe that telehealth could improve the care of any population of patients presenting for medical forensic services. Hospital administrators surveyed reported adolescents presenting for medical forensic services (those 13–18 years old) as the population most likely to benefit from the use of telehealth (34. 75%), followed by the adult population (those over 18 years old; 30. 56%). Adolescents presenting for medical forensic services may benefit the most from telehealth, given the difficulties of navigating sexual assault as neither a child nor an adult. As our TRH interviewee described, “The patient I worry about [is] the 13-year-old in an adult ER. A 13-year-old [is] still a child. With telehealth, we could give better support to hospitals caring for that young adolescent age group. ” The ability and willingness to use telehealth for pediatric patients varies based on resource constraints. In rural settings with reduced access to pediatric QMPs, our in-depth interviewees agreed that telehealth may be a way to reduce transfers and keep a pediatric patient presenting for medical forensic services in their community. For all the interviewees, this would mean an adult- and adolescent-trained QMP with abbreviated training in pediatric forensic examinations assisted via telehealth by a pediatric QMP to provide care for this population. Most respondents use social work support services for psychosocial assessments and reports (66. 67%). However, most (70%) are not interested in additional social work support via telehealth services. All the in-depth interviewees also echoed this sentiment. study affirmed issues of staffing and retaining qualified forensic examiners, especially for the pediatric population and in rural areas. Therefore, state initiatives to provide high-quality care to those presenting for medical forensic services through increased regulatory mandates may inadvertently exacerbate existing barriers (Logan et al. , 2005; Munro M. L. , 2014). Telehealth represents one avenue for alleviating staffing burdens, improving timely and equitable access to care for those presenting for medical forensic services, and mitigating the need for unnecessary patient transfers. On the basis of this study, we find that hospital administrators are open to telehealth to increase access to care for patients presenting for medical forensic services. This study has identified several ways to utilize telehealth in clinical practice.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: (2002) [10] investigated the female hormonal endurance and resistance training responses. They found a significant increase in estradiol levels in response to both training interventions in their study. In addition, the impact of physical activity on hormonal circulation has been confirmed by previous research findings reporting elevated estradiol circulation after resistance exercise and endurance exercise in female participants [11]. Vicissitudes in females' estrogen levels have been reported to be influenced by exercise duration, intensity, menstrual phase, and status [3, 12]. In addition to the increase of estrogen, the current study reported a significant increase in testosterone levels related to the impact of this study's proposed high-intensity interval training. These results were confirmed by the analysis of Gharahdaghi et al. 2021. They reported that resistance exercise could induce a temporary rise in testosterone in young, healthy females. Additionally, the anthropometrical indications of adiposity have been found to be significantly correlated with testosterone concentrations [13]. A study conducted by Kochańska-Dziurowicz et al. (2001) investigated the effect of a proposed acute exercise intervention on a cycle ergometer on testosterone and prolactin levels in 13 young female runners. Their study results addressed a significant elevation in the testosterone concentration, indicated at the end of the exercise and 90 minutes past the completion of the test. In contrast, the testosterone level had returned to the base levels as pre-exercise [14]. On the contrary, literature results have concluded that exercising had no effect on testosterone concentration in trained young women and was not influenced by their menstrual cycle [9, 15]. In addition, it has been revealed that training status contributes to mediating the hormones' response to physical activities. After a six-month resistance training intervention, changes in testosterone levels have only occurred in women [16]. In a study by Schmitz et al. (2007), other results were reported, as they found that physical activity level was inversely related to estrogen in late transition age. The adjusted means of estrogen reported were 24. 6 and 37. 9; a relative difference of 54% in estrogen level was detected when comparing highest to lowest activity (P = 0. 02). Similarly, it was shown that physical activity was inversely related to testosterone levels (a relative difference of 47% was detected when comparing the highest to lowest activity [17].

Output: pass


Input: Claim: These structures provide habitats for fish and other marine life. [SEP] Text: Specifically, Macoffers an extensive area of sand flats of appropriate depth to conduct experiments, it is devoid of natural structure and artificial habitat placed on Macattracts high densities of post–settlement snapper, it has reasonable water clarity for making observations, and can only be accessed by boat, reducing the potential for interference. Furthermore, Macexperiences an average water flow velocity of c. 20 cm s-1, typical of the tidally dominated flows expected in the estuarine areas where post-settlement are abundant [11], and also typical of where post-settlement snapper are abundant within [15, 17]. 2015 (the time of peak snapper spawning [11]) we deployed 10 1. 8 m × 1. 8 m ASUs at a water depth of c. 0. 4 m at low tide. ASUs were separated by 20 m. Previous investigations have demonstrated that post-settlement snapper are attracted to ASUs in high densities, and are resident to patches separated by c. 10 m [12], so we treated ASUs as independent replicates. Earlier versions of the ASUs that we have constructed utilised artificial plants with wire stems. Because the primary purpose of the present experiment was to assess the response of snapper to water flow that may be modified by habitat structure, we altered ASU construction to include ribbon, which more naturally mimiced seagrass blades by being pushed down towards the sea bed with increasing water flow. Each ASU that we constructed in the present study incorporated a plastic mesh grid with bunches of ribbon (c. 30 cm long by 1 cm wide) tied to the mesh grid. All ASUs had a shoot density of 1820 blades m-2, corresponding to the upper range of subtidal seagrass densities in northeastern [6]. ASUs were secured in place on the sand flats with metal pegs. We attempted to orient each ASU so that two of its edges ran parallel with the direction of the flooding and ebbing tide. Tidal current direction, however, does vary throughout the tidal cycle, and furthermore, may not be 180 degrees opposite for ebbing and flooding tides. We therefore orientated ASUs to minimise this error. No collections of animals or plants were made as part of this research, forgoing the need for a field permit or animal ethics approval.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Telehealth services can replace all in-person medical consultations. [SEP] Text: - Increased access to care: In areas with a shortage of QMPs to serve patients presenting for medical forensic services, telehealth can be utilized to provide clinicians in these areas with support from QMPs so that patients presenting for medical forensic services can receive treatment in their communities. - Initial intake process, if transferring: In areas without QMPs, telehealth can allow for a QMP to provide patients presenting for medical forensic services with information about next steps of the forensic process, reducing stress on the patient and, if applicable, the guardian. If for some reason the patient decides not to transfer, the QMP can still outline follow-up steps and community resources via telehealth. - Telehealth for backup coverage: QMPs can provide backup for one another in cases of emergencies or schedule changes via telehealth. - Training: Cost, distance to training, and time away from clinical duties represent one of the major barriers for hospitals to establish enough providers. Conducting as much training as feasible in a virtual format could lessen the training burden through remote access to a qualified preceptor. In addition, training can continue during periods of disruption such as seasonal travel advisories, inclement weather, or stay-at-home orders. - Mentorship: Telehealth can be utilized to provide real-time feedback and mentorship between more experienced QMPs and those with less experience to build the capacity of junior QMPs to operate independently. - Peer-review process: Asynchronous telehealth can allow for hospitals to share cases, documentations, and photos on a secure platform that will enable information sharing between experts from other hospitals as a means of peer-reviewing and providing expert second opinion. More ambitiously, states can implement a network of synchronous 24/7 support to hospitals using the model studied by the Program (Walsh et al. , 2019). The options for telehealth are expansive and flexible to meet the needs of each state or hospital system(s). only captured about 40% of all the hospitals in Illinois subject to mandates. Furthermore, we only surveyed about 26% of the TRHs, making it difficult to get a full picture of the issues facing these hospitals. It is possible that the types of hospitals surveyed in this study are different from hospital administrators who chose not to complete the survey.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: The current study illustrated that the increase in estrogen hormone had been linked to a rise in LH and PRL. Despite the significant elevation in estragon levels, no significant changes have been indicated in the study participants' levels of LH and PRL. This finding could be explained by the conclusion of a recent meta-analysis conducted by Ennour-Idrissi et al. , 2015, on the effect of physical activity on sex hormones in women. The meta-analysis results addressed that the impact of physical activity on circulating sex hormones is relatively modest and probably not clinically significant. Also, the levels of sex hormones in the blood may not represent their effects on target tissues. Physical activity may continue to affect sex hormone function by modulating target-tissue sensitivity to these hormones [18]. exercise may induce changes in the levels of reproductive hormones in females, including an increase in estrogen level and a decrease in test level. High-intensity interval training exercise is highly recommended for young women as it leads to increased estrogen levels and reduced testosterone levels, with no effect on trophic hormones (LH and PRL). DeclarationsEthics approval and consent to participate and publication: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the protocol was approved by the Board approved the Faculty of study, Mansoura University, Egypt. Written and oral and informed signed consent was obtained from all participants Availability of data and materials: The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Competing interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Funding: No financial support for the current study. Authors' contributions: contributed to Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing-review & editing. Chrysovalantou E. Xirouchaki contributed to Investigation, data extraction, data analysis and manuscript writing, results discussion. Razek and Alim contributed to Supervision, Writing-original draft, Writing-review & editing. All authors read and approved the fnal manuscript. Acknowledgements: The authors would like to thank all the participants that voluntarily agreed to participate in the current study after signed informed consent. 17. Zanker C, Swaine I. Relation between bone turnover, oestradiol, and energy balance in women distance runners. British journal of sports medicine. 1998;32(2):167 − 71. .

Output: pass


Input: Claim: These structures provide habitats for fish and other marine life. [SEP] Text: However, the differences in were small and could have resulted from sensor misalignment, rather than any real differences in flow speeds across the ASU. Download: PPTPowerPoint slidePNGlarger imageTIFForiginal imageFig 9. Vertical distributions of mean water velocity around an ASU. is longitudinal velocity, is transverse velocity, and is vertical velocity, all measured at locations A, B and C. Profile number refers to the time period when each set of water velocity measurements were collected (AMP1 (profiles 1–7) and AMP2 (profiles 8–14), but see Fig 8 for a graphical representation). Measurements were made with ADVs during a two day deployment in June 2016. energy dissipation (ε) rates at 15 and 23 cmab were consistently greater at the back edge of the ASU (location C) compared to those observed outside (A) and on the leading edge of the ASU (B) (Fig 10). There was also some indication that at 15 cmab dissipation was greater at the leading edge compared to outside of the ASU. At higher elevations it was difficult to discern consistent patterns between measurement locations. As expected dissipation decayed with elevation. Download: PPTPowerPoint slidePNGlarger imageTIFForiginal imageFig 10. Vertical distributions of turbulence energy dissipation (ε) measured at locations A, B and C. Profile number refers to the time period when each set of turbulence measurements were collected (AMP1 (profiles 1–7) and AMP2 (profiles 8–14), but see Fig 8 for a graphical representation). Measurements were made with ADVs during a two day deployment in June 2016. DiscussionUnderstanding how nursery habitats function to support juvenile fish is an important part of conserving, restoring, or managing these habitats to sustain fish population productivity [9, 10]. For post–settlement snapper, we know that their abundance is strongly and positively related to the presence of habitat structure [12–14], and our previous research suggested that this relationship may be determined by a balance between access to planktonic food items and energetic shelter from water flow [15]. What the present study demonstrates is that there was spatial pattern in how post–settlement snapper related to the water flow environment around structure, suggesting they may be responding to refuge from water flow.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Telehealth services can replace all in-person medical consultations. [SEP] Text: For example, the hospitals that completed the survey may have more staffing resources devoted to that enables them to complete a survey or agree to participate in an in-depth interview. In addition, this survey can only assess current attitudes toward the transition to Illinois mandates, QMP staffing, and the potential use of telehealth to deliver care to patients presenting for medical forensic services; it cannot determine how telehealth could impact access and quality of care relative to the current standard of care. Finally, our survey was conducted before the more severe nursing shortages and rise in travel nursing that occurred in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, which anecdotally has created further decreases in the number of QMPs at Illinois hospitals (Yang & Mason, 2022). Consequently, our survey may underestimate the current shortage of QMPs and the further reduction of access to care. states grapple with the expanding access to services with limited staffing resources, telehealth provides an opportunity to expand safe and effective sexual assault services to children, adolescents, and adults. Illinois has committed to improving the care of patients presenting for medical forensic services and can utilize telehealth to achieve this goal. Our survey of hospital administrators in Illinois shows that most professionals providing these services recognize the promise of integrating telehealth in service delivery, training, and consultation. States facing similar challenges are well positioned to examine the potential role of telehealth in optimizing service delivery, staffing, patient experience, and outcomes. Implications for This study has practical implications for forensic nurse examiners interested in utilizing telehealth to support clinical practice. Most immediately, asynchronous telehealth can allow for virtual training and education. Our respondents reported both the personal and financial costs of attending in-person training sessions. This application of technology is a low-hanging fruit and likely requires no major legislative changes. Other uses of telehealth may require legislative support to accomplish. Collaboration between child abuse pediatricians, SANEs, sexual assault forensic examiners, hospital administrators, and advocates is crucial to pushing forward legislation. When seeking legislative changes, forensic nurse examiners should emphasize telehealth's applicability to each step of the forensic examination, as shown in our study. Accordingly, synchronous telehealth can allow for forensic nurse examiners in higher-resourced and higher-volume hospitals to support examiners in lower-resourced and lower-volume areas. In this way, telehealth empowers all hospitals to care for their community and reduce transfers.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: The strength of weight-bearing bones is similar in amenorrheic and eumenorrheic elite long‐distance runners. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports. 2018;28(5):1559-68. Bjørnerem ønnebø V, Sundsfjord J, Svartberg J, et al. Endogenous sex hormones in relation to age, sex, lifestyle factors, and chronic diseases in a general population: the Tromsø Study. of & Metabolism. 2004;89(12):6039-47. Hirschberg AL. Female hyperandrogenism and elite sport. Endocrine connections. 2020;9(4):R81-R92. Effect of exercise on serum androgens in postmenopausal women: a 12-month randomized clinical trial. . 2004;13(7):1099 − 105. . Gender impacts the post-exercise substrate and endocrine response in trained runners. Journal of the of Sports Nutrition. 2008;5(1):1–10. . Effect of exercise on reproductive hormones in female athletes. of Sport and Exercise Science. 2013;5(1):7–12. . to Intensive, Exercise in Women. Endocrines. 2020;1(2):119 − 24. . Hormonal responses to endurance and resistance exercise in females aged 19–69 years. of A:. 2002;57(4):B158-B65. Mannerkorpi K, Landin-Wilhelmsen K, Larsson A, Cider Å, Arodell O, Bjersing JL. Acute effects of physical exercise on the serum insulin-like growth factor system in women with fibromyalgia. BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2017;18(1):1–8. . Effects of female reproductive hormones on sports performance. Endocrinology of physical activity and sport: Springer; 2013. p. 281–322. . Testosterone, Oestrogen, and the Growth Hormone/Insulin- Muscle Adaptations. Frontiers in Physiology. 2021;11:1814. Kochańska-Dziurowicz A, Gawel-Szostek V, Gabryś T, Kmita D. Changes in prolactin and testosterone levels induced by acute physical exertion in young female athletes.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: These structures provide habitats for fish and other marine life. [SEP] Text: Snapper were, however, also abundant at distances of more than a metre away from the ASUs that we deployed, and many snapper were up in the water column where they wouldn’t receive any refuge from water flow. In terms of water flow, our results are consistent with other studies that have investigated how hydrodynamics are affected by permeable canopies such as seagrass. With regard to mean flow, previous studies [25, 26] have shown that flow speeds within the canopy are reduced relative to an unvegetated-upstream position, whereas above the canopy flow speeds are enhanced. At our lowest measurement height (15 cmab, which is about the height of the edge of the seagrass canopy) the measurements demonstrated a consistent and significant reduction in the mean longitudinal velocity () at the back edge of the ASU compared to the locations outside and on the leading edge of the ASU. This result is consistent with the results from previous studies as discussed above. Our results, however, did not show a consistent increase in flow speeds above the canopy. Previous studies [26, 27] have also shown that strong velocity shear and significant increased turbulence intensity occur in the vicinity of the canopy-water interface. This increase in turbulence intensity is consistent with our measurements, which have shown that the turbulence energy dissipation (ε) rates at 15 and 23 cmab were consistently greater over the ASU compared to those observed outside and on the leading edge of the ASU. The description of water flow above suggests that ASUs modified water flow in a way that could offer an energetic refuge for post–settlement snapper. Specifically, if snapper positioned themselves at the back of the ASU (and most likely further down–current as well) and close to the level of the seagrass canopy, they would experience the benefits of reduced flow speed. In addition, turbulence is also dissipating at a faster rate at these locations, which may also be beneficial to fish. Our video footage suggested that snapper may be responding to these water flow features. The highest abundance of snapper occurred a metre down–current of the ASU, with the lowest abundance on the up–current edge. Other fish species are also known to shelter behind structures in such a way to refuge from water flow [28–30]. For snapper to receive a flow refuge, however, they would also need to position themselves at a low elevation. While c.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Telehealth services can replace all in-person medical consultations. [SEP] Text: of in-person general practice respiratory consultations: assessing translatability to telehealth and 2023; 7 (4): BJGPO. 2023. 0073. DOI: 1 Centre for Health Informatics, of 2 this author on 19. It is unclear if the rapid transition to telehealth has compromised the ability to conduct certain tasks that were possible during in-person consultations. investigate the extent to which tasks observed during in-person GP consultations are replicable in telehealth, focusing on patients with respiratory concerns. Design & setting Twenty-six respiratory consultations were extracted from a database of 281 consultations collated from various general practices in the UK. between GPs and respiratory patients were assessed through in-depth transcript review and de-identified video analysis. Then, tasks performed and physical artefacts used during the consultations were identified and ranked in terms of their translatability to telehealth, using a newly developed scoring system. Results Overall, the translatability to telehealth score for these respiratory consultations was 6. 7/10, suggesting that many tasks can be replicated over telehealth, but that they might require additional physical artefacts to support this. However, some tasks are not currently amenable to telehealth (for example, auscultation). many aspects of respiratory consultations are replicable over telehealth, some tasks cannot be replicated at this stage. COVID-19 digitalgeneral practice referral and consultation remoterespiratory telemedicine How this fits inGiven the increasing role of telehealth as a healthcare modality, it is insightful to identify the tasks that are present during in-person consultations between GPs and patients, and to assess how these can be replicated in telehealth. To the authors’ knowledge, there is no current research that investigates how translatable to telehealth different in-person respiratory consultation tasks are. This study aims to address this gap by not only evaluating the translatability of various clinical tasks performed for respiratory patients in general practice, but also to assess whether a scoring system can be developed to quantify this translatability. IntroductionTelehealth is a consultation modality that entails clinical interactions occurring remotely through either video or audio calls. While telehealth was used by healthcare practitioners before COVID-19, the pandemic resulted in a rapid uptake of telehealth across the globe within a short period of time.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: Figures AbstractIn order to intercept moving objects, we need to predict the spatiotemporal features of the motion of both the object and our hand. Our errors can result in updates of these predictions to benefit interceptions in the future (adaptation). Recent studies claim that task-relevant variability in baseline performance can help adapt to perturbations, because initial variability helps explore the spatial demands of the task. In this study, we examined whether this relationship is also found in interception (temporal domain) by looking at the link between the variability of hand-movement speed during baseline trials, and the adaptation to a temporal perturbation. 17 subjects performed an interception task on a graphic tablet with a stylus. A target moved from left to right or vice versa, with varying speed across trials. Participants were instructed to intercept this target with a straight forward movement of their hand. Their movements were represented by a cursor that was displayed on a screen above the tablet. To prevent online corrections we blocked the hand from view, and a part of the cursor’s trajectory was occluded. After a baseline phase of 80 trials, a temporal delay of 100 ms was introduced to the cursor representing the hand (adaptation phase: 80 trials). This delay initially caused participants to miss the target, but they quickly accounted for these errors by adapting to most of the delay of the cursor. We found that variability in baseline movement velocity is a good predictor of temporal adaptation (defined as a combination of the rate of change and the asymptotic level of change after a perturbation), with higher variability during baseline being associated with better adaptation. However, cross-correlation results suggest that the increased variability is the result of increased error correction, rather than exploration. Citation: Knelange EB, López-(2020) Increased error-correction leads to both higher levels of variability and adaptation. 15(2): e0227913. : June 26, 2019; Accepted: January 2, 2020; Published: February 4, 2020Copyright: © 2020 Knelange, López-Moliner. This is an open access 10. 17605/OSF. IO/BF7SE. Funding: This work is part of the PACE project, which received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 642961.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: These structures provide habitats for fish and other marine life. [SEP] Text: The identification, conservation, and management of estuarine and marine nurseries for fish and invertebrates. Bioscience. 2001;51:633–41. View 2. . Critical evaluation of the nursery role hypothesis for seagrass meadows. Prog Ser. 2003;253:123–36. View 3. Marine nurseries and effective juvenile habitats: concepts and applications. Prog Ser. 2006;312:291–5. View 4. . Ecosystem approaches to fishery management through essential fish habitat. Sci. 2000;66:535–42. View 5. . A review of land-based effects on coastal fisheries and supporting biodiversity in New Zealand. , Ministry of Fisheries. 2009; No. 37. Available from: 6. Seagrass meadows as biodiversity and productivity hotspots. , Ministry for Primary Industries. 2014; No. 137. Available from 7. Accelerating loss of seagrasses across the globe threatens coastal ecosystems. . 2009;106(30):12377–81. pmid:19587236 View 8. Muddy waters: elevating sediment input to coastal and estuarine habitats. Environ. 2004;2(6):299–306. View 9. Nagelkerken I. Evaluation of nursery function of mangroves and seagrass beds for tropical decapods and reef fishes: patterns and underlying mechanisms. In: Nagelkerken I, editor. Ecological connectivity among tropical coastal ecosystems. Dordrecht, Netherland: 2009. p. 357–99. 10. Nursery function of tropical back-reef systems. Prog Ser. 2006;318:287–301. View 11. Parsons DM, Sim- Snapper (Chrysophrys auratus): a review of life history and key vulnerabilities in New Zealand. . 2014;48:256–83. View 12. The influence of habitat structure on juvenile fish in a estuary. (Berl). 2013;34:492–500. View 13. . Relative abundance of snapper (Chrysophrys auratus) across habitats within an estuarine system. . 2016;50(3):358–70. View 14. . The influence of habitat availability on juvenile fish abundance in a northeastern estuary. . 2014;48(2):216–28. View 15. .

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Telehealth services can replace all in-person medical consultations. [SEP] Text: 1–4 Given the overlap in symptoms with many respiratory conditions and those of COVID-19, numerous patients with respiratory ailments had to resort to telehealth consultations to minimise disease transmission. In the UK, nearly one in five patients are diagnosed with a respiratory condition in their lifetime. 5 One cohort study of patients in England showed that since the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of patients presenting to their GP with a respiratory complaint had increased by 229%, with a 105% increase in home visits, 92% increase in office visits, 250% increase in phone consultations, and a 1574% increase in video/email (that is, telehealth) consultations. 6 Respiratory conditions (for example, viral illnesses, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD]) are among the most common reasons for a patient to visit a general practice. 7–9 Some respiratory ailments can be debilitating, impede quality of life, impact mental health, and, if improperly managed, increase the risk of morbidity and mortality, subsequently burdening the healthcare system. 9,10 As gatekeepers to the healthcare system, GPs are well situated to monitor and manage respiratory conditions to prevent exacerbations and reduce hospital admissions. 11–13 A new body of literature investigating the efficacy of telehealth for patients with respiratory concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic is slowly emerging. Studies by McGee et al and Phillips et al, to name two, have found that telehealth is an effective modality for delivering health care. 14,15 However, to the authors’ knowledge, no studies have investigated the tasks performed during in-person respiratory consultations in general practice, or analysed which aspects are translatable to telehealth and what physical objects/artefacts are required to support this. The aim of this study was to provide an insight into the tasks and physical artefacts used during in-person GP consultations, and subsequently, to determine if these are translatable to the context of telehealth in respiratory patients. This study is unique in that it evaluates actual interactions between GPs and patients, rather than relying on self-reported data, which can be amenable to recall or confirmation bias. 16 MethodStudy designThis study is a secondary analysis of both written transcripts and de-identified videos of primary care consultations between GPs and patients in the UK.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: We also received funding from grant PSI2017-83493-R of AEI/. There were no commercial relationships. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. IntroductionThe human race is remarkably skilled in timing tasks like catching or hitting a ball [1, 2]. However, large inter-individual differences can be observed when it comes to these skills. To become successful at ball sports, a person needs to be able to accurately account for continuous changes in both the environment and their own body. To this end, we can use sensory feedback to guide our movement [3]. However, sensory feedback from our movements is processed by our brain with a delay that can reach up to about 150 ms [4–6]. This can lead to unstable movements, because corrections to errors are initiated with a delay. In order to not only rely on sensory feedback and select appropriate motor commands, we are thought to be able to predict the sensory consequences of these motor commands. Studies have shown that our brain maintains an internal forward model that holds the predictions regarding the sensory consequences [7, 8]. However, the outcome of a motor command can change due to systematic disturbances like fatigue in the muscles [9]. Accurate timing of our motor commands in a dynamic world requires continuous evaluation and updating of the predicted consequences of these motor commands [10]. This can be done by evaluating the difference between the actual and the predicted sensory consequences of a motor command (the prediction error [7, 11]). However, prediction errors do not always stem from incorrect motor commands. Noise can come from different stages of the sensorimotor process [12, 13]. Different types of noise associated with neural processes like movement planning [14–18] or execution [19–21] cause variability. In addition, trial-to-trial variability in the outcome of the movement can be caused by inaccurate estimates of the task requirements [22] and disturbances from the outside world [23]. Errors caused by these types of noise do not necessarily require updates of the internal model. Updating the forward model is generally thought to be done by decreasing the prediction error over time (error-based learning) [24, 25]. Dominant theories in the field of motor control suggest that error correction is an optimal process [26, 27].

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some artificial reefs are made from environmentally safe materials like concrete and steel. [SEP] Text: : 2157-7625 Journal of Ecosystem & -in-for Manuscript 10. 4172/2157-7625. 1000253 Development of. Abul Kalam1*, Tetsu Mieno1 and Casareto1,21of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan2of and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan *Corresponding Author: Md. of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan, Tel: +81-9085573782, Email: bdmakalam@gmail. com Received: 19-Mar-2018 Accepted Date: 26-Mar-2018 Published Date: 31-Mar-2018 DOI: 10. 4172/2157-7625. 1000253 develop artificial reefs, that are environmentally friendly and inexpensive, prototype artificial reefs made of ceramic material have been studied. The properties of the reefs (chemical constituents, surface texture, water absorbability, mechanical strength, erosion rate, and sustainability) were examined. The reefs were compared with natural coral rubbles. The effects of the reefs on nutrient availability, toxic chemical diffusion, and the propagation of plankton (bacteria, diatom) and other benthic organisms were examined, for which the reefs were set in aquaria for a long time. It was shown that the reefs were nontoxic, pH-neutral, mechanically strong, and sustainable in a hostile shallow sea environment. This study suggests that artificial reefs made from the ceramic material are not hazardous to small fish. : Artificial reef; Shallow sea; Ceramic material; Environmentally safe; Propagation of fish development of artificial fish reefs has been studied worldwide to enhance fish abundance and diversity, recover coastal and marine habitats, and restore damaged coral reefs [1-5]. Various materials have been used in the construction of artificial reefs worldwide. They include bamboo, concrete blocks, ceramic structures, fibre glass, pipes, reinforced plastic, metal, and marine alloys [6]. Every material, however, has some drawbacks when used as artificial reefs. Bamboo and wood are easily scattered by water currents, lose their fish-aggregating integrity, and cause further degradation of the sea bed [7]. Concrete blocks are durable and can be structured in various configurations, but have limited applications because of their cost [7].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Telehealth services can replace all in-person medical consultations. [SEP] Text: Translatability to telehealth analysisFrom the inductive analysis conducted above, it was noted that two basic domains underpinned whether the observed tasks would be amenable to telehealth: whether clinical expertise was required (for example, physical examination skills) and whether supplementary physical artefacts were required (for example, thermometer). A separate co-study by one co-author found that these domains underpinned the analysis of cardiovascular transcripts as well. 19 Based on this, a scoring system was developed by four researchers to investigate the extent to which various tasks were amenable to telehealth. This scoring system was inspired by Croymans et al,20 who assessed various presenting complaints and categorised them into health conditions that were suitable for telehealth, compared with those that were not. This prompted the authors of the present study to contemplate whether various clinical tasks, rather than conditions, could be categorised, to determine if certain tasks were more amenable to telehealth than others. This scoring system was developed through collaborative discussions between the researchers, a review of relevant literature, and in-depth analysis of the transcripts. The following steps were used to develop the scoring system, which ultimately provided a ‘translatability to healthcare score’:Each task was rated based on the requirement of ‘clinical endorsement’. A score of 1 was assigned when medical accreditation/training was required (for example, prescribing), and a score of 5 was assigned where clinical endorsement was not necessarily required (for example, formal greeting) (Table 1). Each task was then rated based on the need for physical artefacts/interactions for execution. A score of 1 was assigned for physical artefacts currently unlikely to be replicated over telehealth (for example, auscultation), and a score of 5 was assigned where physical artefacts were not required and thus readily amenable to telehealth (for example, history taking). The scores from steps 1 and 2 were combined to provide a translatability to telehealth score (x/10) (Table 2). A higher score equated increased translatability to telehealth. Based on the translatability to telehealth score, each task was categorised into a virtual care solution (refer to Table 3). View this table:View inlineView popupTable 1. Detailed metrics used to score translatability of in-person tasks to telehealthView this table:View inlineView popupTable 2.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: The amount of error correction depends on the reliability of the predicted sensory consequences and the reliability of the received sensory consequences [28]. However, in situations in which error feedback is unavailable or uninformative, the environment needs to be explored in order to find and exploit the most beneficial solution. This type of process is called reinforcement learning [29, 30]. It can also be beneficial in situations where the average end-point error is zero, but the movement is still updated in order to become more efficient [31]. Reinforcement learning, specifically exploration, usually leads to enhanced variability in the explored dimension of the behavior. Furthermore, research suggest that the nervous system could actively regulate this process when needed [32]. For this reason, we hereafter use exploration strategies to refer to the active process of learning through exploration. Some studies have found that reinforcement learning could also accelerate learning in error-based learning tasks [32]. More specifically, a benefit of task-specific baseline variability in adaptation during spatial perturbation paradigms has been found. This means that even if sensory feedback is available to the participant, more variability in the task-specific dimension could facilitate learning. It is thought that the brain has a memory of previously encountered errors [33]. Similarly, it has been proposed that predicted (future) errors might activate learned weights for motor primitives (neural mechanism that coordinate a set of movements rather than independent movements), which could elevate learning [34]. In line with this idea, reinforcement learning could lead to more experience with different movement errors and facilitate correcting future errors [35]. However, the idea that increased variability leads to better adaptation has been questioned by other studies claiming that variability originates from the different types of noise coming from motor control processes, which can have either positive, neutral or negative effects on adaptation [13]. Thus, the role of variability on adaptation is still under debate. The main question remains, can variability caused by exploration strategies directly benefit the updating of the forward model of a motor command, or are the two merely a result of error correction strategies? So far, the main focus of these studies has been the role of spatial and force-field perturbations. However, as large delays are inherent to the sensorimotor system and to contemporary electronic devices, temporal perturbation tasks have given great insights into adaptation in this domain [36–39]. It therefore is valuable to examine if task-specific variability in temporal features of movement can predict adaptation to these delays.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some artificial reefs are made from environmentally safe materials like concrete and steel. [SEP] Text: All these elements and their oxides are nontoxic and thus favorable for the marine environment. Since diatoms and other silica-secreting organisms utilize silicon (SiO3) [15] and the major component of the reefs is silicon (63. 7%), they can be set in the coral areas to be used as bodies of small animals. The amount of iron in the reef is also considerable. content (wt %) Ceramic reef Coral rubble Na2O 2. 105 1. 110 MgO 0. 844 1. 440 Al2O3 32. 6 0. 139 SiO3 60. 6 1. 443 P2O5 0. 024 0. 717 SO3 0. 047 0. 818 Cl 0. 180 0. 639 K2O 0. 976 0. 159 CaO 0. 131 80. 59 Sc2O3 0. 007 10. 23 TiO2 0. 511 0. 018 Cr2O3 0. 008 0. 007 MnO 0. 011 0. 006 Fe2O3 0. 902 0. 198 Co2O3 0. 020 0. 011 NiO 0. 002 0. 042 CuO 0. 005 0. 008 As2O3 0. 003 0. 010 Rb2O 0. 003 0. 005 SrO 0. 002 2. 340 CdO 0. 005 0. 046 BaO 0. 939 0. 018 Table 1: Atomic percentage of different elements in the ceramic reef and the coral rubbles measured by the EDX method. Figures 7 and 8 shows the images of the surfaces of the ceramic reef and coral rubbles taken by SEM. It is clearly shown that the ceramic surfaces have a varied texture and micro porous structures similar to those of coral rubbles. Because of the texture of the ceramic surfaces, it is conjectured that the reefs are preferable for the propagation of organisms [6]. Figure 7: SEM images taken at the outside of the ceramic reef (×4000 magnification). Figure 8: SEM images taken at the outside of the coral rubble surface (×4000 magnification). Results of the water absorption measurement of the ceramic reef and coral rubbles are shown in Figure 9. It is apparent that the water absorbability of the ceramic reef is about 4 times higher than that of coral rubbles.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Telehealth services can replace all in-person medical consultations. [SEP] Text: Translatability to telehealth score interpretationView this table:View inlineView popupTable 3. Virtual care solution typesThus, the scoring system was developed after evaluating the data (inductive analysis), and was then re-applied to the clinical tasks to see if they could be categorised using this method (deductive analysis). Figures S1 and S2 for diagrammatic representation of methods. ResultsPatient and consultation characteristicsAfter applying inclusion and exclusion criteria to the dataset of 281 transcripts, 26 transcripts discussing respiratory illnesses in a general practice setting were extracted. These transcripts included acute and chronic presentations across all age ranges, with a variety of objective and subjective measures of respiratory function (see S1). Please refer to S2 for examples of raw data collection methodology. Physical artefacts used and their replicability in patients’ homesSixteen physical artefacts were identified, of which eight (50%) were deemed amenable to being replicated in telehealth, while the other eight (50%) were not, owing to equipment availability or requirement for operator expertise (see S3–S5). Please refer to S6 for raw data collection. Download figureOpen in new tabDownload powerpointFigure 2. Figure 2Frequency of physical artefacts used in respiratory consultations (n = 26). Some consultations incorporate multiple artefacts within the same encounter. BMI = body mass index. ECG = electrocardiogram. ENT = ear, nose, and throat. Tasks performed and translatability to telehealthS7 outlines the tasks identified during in-person consultations relating to respiratory concerns. Table S3 for examples of rationales regarding scoring for various tasks. Across these 20 tasks, the mean score for the telehealth metrics were:Requiring healthcare endorsement = 3. 1/5 (where 1 = clinical expertise is necessary; and 5 = clinical expertise is not required). Requiring physical artefacts/interactions = 3. 6/5 (where 1 = requires physical artefacts/interactions that are not translatable to telehealth; and 5 = no physical artefacts/interactions required). Translatability to telehealth score = 6. 7/10 (where 1 = not replicable to telehealth at this stage; and 10 = easily replicable over telehealth at this stage). Each of these 20 tasks were then categorised into a virtual care solution type (see Table 3).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: Temporal perturbations (delays) require humans to identify a new temporal relationship between the motor command and the sensory consequences. The effect of delays on the spatial prediction error is increased with higher movement speeds (i. e. moving faster increases the gap between hand and delayed feedback), while lower speeds have less effect on the size of the prediction error. Variability in movement speed can therefore help to explore this temporal relationship, and benefit the examination of newly introduced delays. If exploration itself provides a benefit in adaptation, we do not expect the movement speed to be systematically related to previously encountered errors. However, a recent study by [40] found that error correction strategies could explain differences of the learning rate in a balancing task. If error correction rather than exploration is the main benefit for adaptation, higher rates of error correction are to be expected throughout the baseline for people that adapt more. The aim of the study was to examine if higher baseline movement speed variability can predict adaptation in a temporal timing task. As we found a positive relationship, we followed up this analysis by examining if this relationship was the result of exploratory behavior, or if higher variability might be the result of increased error correction. Materials and methods Participants 20 students of the university of Barcelona (20. 3 ±SD 2. 3 years; 15 female) participated in the experiment. All participants gave written consent. In order to be eligible for inclusion, participants’ vision and hearing needed to be normal or corrected to normal, and they needed to be free from movement restrictions or problems. The study was part of a program that has been approved by of Committee (CBUB) (Insitutional review board IRB 00003099) and was conducted in accordance to the Declaration of Helsinki. setup of the experiment is shown in Fig 1A. Participants were seated in front of a graphic tablet (24240), which recorded the movements of a hand-held stylus that the participants used in the experiments. A half-silvered upward facing mirror was located above the graphic tablet. Above the mirror, a projector displayed an image of the task onto a horizontal back-projection screen, at a frame rate of 72 Hz and a resolution of 800 by 600 pixels. The participant could see the reflection of this image in the mirror. The hand and the hand-held stylus were blocked from view by the mirror. A 2. 6-GHz Quad-Core computer recorded the position of the stylus at 125 Hz and controlled the projected image.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some artificial reefs are made from environmentally safe materials like concrete and steel. [SEP] Text: Figure 15: Abundance of diatoms in the water of the aquarium where the ceramic reefs and coral rubbles were set for 3 months. The mass of deposited organisms and their carbon biomass were measured as 143. 6 and 8. 41 mg, respectively on 400 cm2 of the ceramic reef surface. In terms of carbon biomass, the data revealed that there were significant numbers of bacteria, diatom, small animals, and other micro benthos in the aquaria water with the ceramic reefs. This result favors the use of ceramic reefs. The nutrient concentration of the water in the aquaria shows that there were significant amounts of nutrients available in the water for up-taken by plankton and bacteria. The measured nutrient concentrations were compared with the accepted levels in the marine [15], which is shown in Table 3. From these nutrient data, it can be confirmed that the existing levels of nutrients in the aquarium are good for phytoplankton and bacteria which will be consumed by fishes and other organisms. the aquarium water with ceramic reef (µg/L) Accepted levels in marine environment (µg/L) Nitrate 265. 98 1-600 Nitrite 10. 85 1-50 Ammonium 8. 39 5-50 Table 3: Comparison of nutrients measured in the aquarium water where the ceramic reef and the coral rubbles were set and accepted level in the marine [15]. The sheltering effects of the ceramic reefs were examined. It was observed that the fish used different routes to enter the ceramic reefs to obtain shelter when an action was applied. The probability of sheltering in the ceramic reef was 78% and that of outside of the reef was 22% in the aquarium. It was also revealed that the fish often used the shortest route to enter the ceramic reef. The fish sheltering test confirms that ceramic reefs will provide good shelters in the sea for small fishes when predators (big fishes) are present. prototype of artificial ceramic reefs made of the low-cost clay material has been studied. This study suggests that the ceramic reef is nontoxic and pH-neutral. The mechanical strength and erosion rate indicate that the ceramic reef with a hexagonal structure is stable and has long-term sustainability in a shallow sea environment. They can be set to make a hard and flat sea bed. However, the mechanical strength and the erosion rate should be improved by studying the ceramic material and the fabrication method.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Telehealth services can replace all in-person medical consultations. [SEP] Text: Overall, the proportions of virtual care solution types were:Type 1 (tasks not translatable to telehealth, thus requiring in-person consults) = 15% (n = 3/20); that is, auscultation; ear, nose, and throat (ENT) examination; and flu injections. Type 2 (tasks that cannot be performed at home, but can be performed as an outpatient with results discussed virtually) = 10% (n = 2/20); that is, spirometry results; blood tests; and X-rays. Type 3 (moderately translatable to telehealth but may require supplementation with further physical artefacts) = 10% (n = 2/20); that is, completing power of attorney paperwork and measuring peak flow. Type 4 (easily translatable over telehealth with easily accessible equipment) = 30% (n = 5/20); that is, measuring vital signs; providing medical certificates; and prescribing medications. Type 5 (easily translatable over telehealth without the need for physical artefacts) = 40% (n = 8/20); that is, formal greetings/farewells; history taking; patient education; and safety netting. Please refer to S8 for a summary of which consultation IDs involved various clinical tasks. Clinical tasks performed during in-person consultations Figure 1 summarises the frequency of the tasks described in S7 in history taking, examination, and management, respectively. Download figureOpen in new tabDownload powerpointFigure 1. Frequency of clinical tasks performed in respiratory consultations (n = 26). Some consultations incorporate multiple tasks within the same encounter. DiscussionSummaryThe mean translatability to telehealth score was 6. 7/10, suggesting many tasks can be replicated over telehealth, but may require additional physical artefacts. It was noted that 50% (n = 8/16) of the physical artefacts used were deemed to be accessible in patients’ homes or available for purchase at most pharmacies, while the other 50% (n = 8/16) were not. The physical artefacts that were deemed possible to replicate in a patient’s home included: pens/paperwork/prescriptions (for example, online scripts), thermometer, oxygen saturation monitor, blood pressure cuff, patient medication lists/patient-made notes, weighing scale, heart rate monitor, and peak flow metre.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: We calibrated the setup by aligning the position of the stylus with the location of five projected dots. This calibration allowed us to accurately display a cursor that represented the location of the stylus above the graphic tablet. The projected background was black (depicted as gray in Fig 1A). The feedback had a systematic delay of approximately 40 ms with relation to the hand movement. This value was determined before the start of the study with an interception task (similar to the one described below), in which we compared the stylus position and the target location on trials in which participants indicated they had hit the target. The system delay will have been corrected for in all of the future display and analysis of the data. Download: PPTPowerPoint slidePNGlarger imageTIFForiginal imageFig 1. Set-up and procedure. A. Set-up of the task: The task image was projected onto a screen that was visible for the subject through a mirror. Recorded movements with a stylus were made on a graphic tablet. The hand and hand-held stylus were blocked from view by the mirror. B. Task procedure: (1) A white dot at the bottom of the screen (diameter = 6 mm) indicated the start location. A red cursor represented the movements made by the stylus (diameter = 6 mm). The trial initiated when the participant moved the cursor to the start location. The goal of the task was to intercept a ball (diameter = 10 mm) moving from left to right or vice versa with a straight ballistic movement. (2) During the adaptation phase there was a temporal perturbation (delay) of 100 ms between the hand and cursor. (3) (TE) was defined as the temporal lead or lag of the stylus (hand) crossing the target’s trajectory line in relation to the target. A lead was denoted by a positive TE, and a lag with a negative TE. (4) In the area within the dashed lines, vision of the cursor was obstructed from view. 1 shows the setup and the procedure for the experiment. The goal of the task was to intercept a target (white dot) on the screen with the cursor (red dot), that followed the movement of the hand. In order to start a trial, the participant had to move the cursor to the starting position (Fig 1B-1). A high-pitched sound marked the start of the trial.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Some artificial reefs are made from environmentally safe materials like concrete and steel. [SEP] Text: The biological analysis of the reef revealed that it has no harmful effects on the biological productivity. It is found that the production of bacteria, diatom and other benthic organism are sustained around the reefs and in the porous structures. The sheltering test for small fish shows that the ceramic reefs will be a good shelter to escape from predators. Therefore, it can be concluded that in the shallow sea areas the ceramic reefs are good candidates for small fish to grow, providing shelter from predators, and allowing escape from fishing nets used by fishermen. The larger and harder ceramic reefs will be studied. would like to express our gratitude to Professor Y. Suzuki of Shizuoka University, and thank to the members of the of for their helping in the enumeration of bacteria and nutrients. 39. Bohnsack JA (1990) Habitat structure and the design of artificial reefs. In habitat structure: The physical arrangements of objects in space. InHabitat Structure. Springer, Dordrecht. (1991) Ecology of artificial reef habitats and fishes. In: Artificial habitats for marine and freshwater fisheries. Inc, New York,pp: 66-107. (1996) Does the level of design influence success of an artificial reef. InProceedings of the 1st Conference of the pp: 13. (2001) Artificial substrate and coral reef restoration: What do we need to know what we need. Sci 69: 1013-1030. Chou LM (1997) Artificial reefs of southeast Asia-do they enhance or degrade the marine environment? Assess 44: 45-52. (1987) Artificial reefs: Myth or reality? 18: 367-368. (2011) Fish colonization of artificial reef in a large neotropical reservoir: Material type and successional changes. 21: 251-262. (2008) Biomaterials: The intersection of biology and material science. . (2006) Fundamentals of Physics. (8th edition), McGraw-p: 526. (2016) Response of subtropical coastal sediment systems of Okinawa, Japan, to expermental warming and high pCO2. Sci 3: 1-14. (2010) Enumeration of virus p153. Hansen HP, (2007) Determination of nutrients. In: Methods of seawater analysis. Wiley-and Co. Weinheim, Germany,pp: 159-228.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Telehealth services can replace all in-person medical consultations. [SEP] Text: Physical artefacts/tasks that were deemed to be difficult to replicate in a patient’s home included auscultation (as it requires clinical expertise), ENT examination (for example, otoscopy), spirometry, blood tests, flu injections, chest X-rays, and electrocardiograms (ECGs). These findings could assist GPs conducting remote respiratory consultations, by helping them consider what additional tasks/artefacts a patient requires to achieve a successful respiratory telehealth consult. Please refer to S9 for a breakdown of consultation durations and the number of physical interactions occurring during each consultation. Strengths and limitationsThis study adopted a unique methodology that comprised of analysing actual GP–patient interactions during in-person consultations, rather than questionnaires or interviews, to facilitate objective analysis of tasks and reduce the risk of recall bias. Furthermore, the analysed consultations involved variable sociodemographic features and both acute and chronic respiratory complaints, which assists with extrapolation of the findings to a wider population. Finally, the scoring system developed is unique and, to the authors’ knowledge, the first to quantify the translatability of tasks to telehealth. While the consultations incorporated patients with various sociodemographic characteristics, they were all located in England. This impacts the ability to extrapolate the findings to UK primary care overall, as different areas of the UK have variable prevalence and mortality rates of different respiratory conditions. For example, pneumonia had a higher number of deaths in England compared with lung cancer and COPD; whereas COPD and lung cancer were associated with a higher number of deaths than pneumonia in England. 21 Some aspects of the consultations were performed behind curtains for patient privacy, and thus were unable to be adequately evaluated. Furthermore, the categorisation of some tasks can be subjective. For example, flu vaccinations were given a translatability to telehealth score of 2/10, as the observed consultation video involved in-person interactions to administer the injection. However, patients could be referred to a pharmacy and still obtain the same treatment (that is, a translatability to telehealth score of 3/10). Additionally, some of the task categorisations assume that the consumer has access and financial means to purchase additional physical artefacts if needed. This is a limitation, as some regions that would benefit from telehealth (for example, rural/regional communities) may be unable to easily access resources required to supplement virtual appointments.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: Randomly across trials, the target would move from left to right or vice versa at one of 3 different speeds (17. 5, 22. 5 or 27. 5 cm/s). The three different speeds were used to prevent participants from learning were to intercept at what time, without taking the movement of the target into account. The target path was +20 cm in the y-direction from the starting position. Participants were instructed to intercept the target with a smooth straight movement, and to end their movement well beyond the target’s trajectory line. There were no points rewarded, only when the center of the cursor hit the target, an acoustic signal would sound. After the explanation of the task and a familiarization phase of 10 trials, the experiment started. The experiment consisted of a baseline phase followed by an adaptation phase. During the baseline phase of 80 trials, no additional delays were added to the system. During the adaptation phase, the cursor movement was delayed with an additional 100 ms compared to the hand movement (Fig 1B-2). As participants could not see their own hand, they were unaware of these additional delays. This was verified by verbal confirmation at the end of the experiment. To discourage online corrections we blocked the cursor’s path from view between 0. 5 and 16 cm (see Fig 1B-4) along the y-axis from the starting location. During the baseline this led to an average of 126 ms (95% bootstrapped CI [124-128 ms]) visibility of the cursor before it would reach the trajectory line. As a result, participants could see the cursor cross the target’s trajectory line, but online corrections were minimized. Analysis of responses The data was prepared for analysis with the aid of the R-program [41]. In order to account for any deficient recordings and missing data, the raw position data for the hand and cursor in the x and y direction were interpolated by steps of 0. 008 s and filtered with a bidirectional Butterworth filter (cut-off = 6Hz, sampling rate = 125 Hz). The velocity and acceleration of the hand were computed by calculating the first and second order derivatives of the filtered position data with respect to time. The derivatives were calculated for each time point by dividing the change in position by the change in time over the past two time points (average Δt = 0. 016s).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Eco-friendly packaging can reduce plastic waste by using biodegradable materials. [SEP] Text: This experiment is part of the iGEM 2019 Grant. Browse more projectswaste into biodegradable plasticand Aarati PokharelBacked by and 28 other backersCommeree, Rafael F. . Páez, and Eric D. University of : 10. 18258/13643Grant: iGEM 2019 ChallengeGrant: iGEM 2019 Challenge$1,747Raised of $1,550 Goal112%Funded on 7/10/19Successfully Funded$1,747pledged112%fundedFundedon 7/10/19? How does this work? FollowOverviewMethods(6)DiscussionProjectThe primary objective of the project is to create an industrially-comparable method of producing PHA, a biodegradable plastic, from Styrofoam (polystyrene) waste. We hypothesize that a genetically modifying E. coli can convert styrene (monomerized polystyrene) to P3HB, a specific PHA, with just two plasmids. Our device will aim to reduce the 30% of plastic waste volume accounted for by polystyrene while simultaneously enabling cost-effective production of PHA. Ask the ScientistsDiscussionWhat is the context of this research? In past experiments, researchers produced (medium chain) mclPHAs from styrene with Pseudomonas putida, but production failed to meet the industry standard. These mclPHAs also lacked useful polymer properties found in other, shorter, PHAs. E. coli has been utilized through genetic engineering with expensive carbon sources, such as glucose, to produce P3HB, a desirable PHA for industrial use. By introducing genes for the sty and pha pathways to E. coli, styrene can be metabolized by the bacteria to produce P3HB. Coupling the need for a cost-effective method to process polystyrene waste and sustainably produce PHAs creates a niche market in which two problems can be solved with a single solutionWhat is the significance of this project? Recycling is perceived as an essential practice for an environmentally-friendly lifestyle. However, we have found inherent flaws in the recycling industry. For example, if recycling is not profitable, companies will simply offload invaluable recyclables at the landfill.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Telehealth services can replace all in-person medical consultations. [SEP] Text: The accuracy of measurements taken by patients in their homes can also be difficult to verify, which may obscure a patient’s clinical picture and potentially lead to misdiagnosis. Given that the translatability to telehealth score and the preceding inductive data analysis to develop the score were conducted by the same group of authors, there is a potential confirmation bias, despite attempts to remain objective throughout. For this reason, the authors would advocate for the translatability to telehealth score to be applied to different patient populations to ascertain its efficacy. Finally, it is difficult to capture the complexities of human interactions within a scoring system, as a lot of subtleties (for example, body language) can be lost. This is a potential limitation of telehealth, as it could negatively impact the development of patient and practitioner rapport. However, given human behaviour and interactions are highly variable, it is difficult to make the scoring system more specific, which suggests that the primary benefit of the translatability to telehealth score is as a broad categorisation tool. Comparison with existing literatureA literature review demonstrated that telehealth can be just as effective as in-person appointments in certain contexts. Fox et al found that regularly scheduled telehealth appointments, with an ‘alert system’, in exacerbation-prone patients with COPD reduced the number of unscheduled GP consultations and reduced associated healthcare costs. 22 Phillips et al found that there was no significant difference in the rate of related follow-ups, including hospital admissions and emergency department visits, in respiratory patients that had undergone either an initial telehealth visit or in-person visit. 15 Totten et al conducted a systematic synthesis of 58 2023. Revision received June 15, 2023. 16, 2023. Copyright © 2023, The AuthorsThis 4. 0/)1. ↵ (2021) Virtual primary care in high-income countries during the COVID-19 pandemic: policy responses and lessons for the future. 27 (1):241–247, doi:10. 1080/13814788. 2021. 1965120, pmid:34431426. 2. (2020) Telehealth uptake in general practice as a result of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Rev 44 (5):737–740, doi:10. 1071/AH20183, pmid:32853536. 3.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: Of the 20 participants, one was excluded from the study due to recording issues with the graphic tablet. For the remaining 19 participants (3040 trials), we inspected the movement speed during the movement before the target’s trajectory line was reached. As we had instructed participants to move through the target’s trajectory line, we discarded trials in which subjects moved through it with very low speeds (v < 20 cm/s). Two other participants were removed from the study because the systematically failed to comply with these instructions of the task (in >25% of their trials). For the 17 included participants we removed the trials in which this was the case (2. 1% of the remaining trials discarded). We calculated the Error (TE) on each trial. TE was defined as the temporal difference between the hand and the target reaching the same point on the target’s trajectory line (Fig 1B-3). The TE was baseline-corrected by subtracting the average TE of the last 30 baseline trials for each participant in order to make sure any biases within subjects were removed. Positive values denoted the hand leading the target and negative values denoted the hand lagging behind the target. In order to hit the target when a temporal perturbation was applied, subjects would have to start leading the target with their hand. The TE was used to calculate the for each participant. Score was calculated by fitting a two-state line through the TE data points of the adaptation phase (see Fig 2), with intercept 0. The slope (a) and asymptote (b) that resulted in a minimum residuals were each first normalized across subjects and then summed. Score gave us the ability to reward both speed and final level of adaptation. High values of the score meant that participants were relatively fast and had more complete levels of adaptation. Low values meant that participants adapted slowly and incomplete. Although we had the possibility to analyze slope and asymptote separately (to see if speed or final level of adaptation was affected differently) we only had a few participants with higher slopes, which made this analysis more difficult (see Table 1). We therefore decided only to focus on the Adaptation Score. Download: PPTPowerPoint slidePNGlarger imageTIFForiginal imageFig 2. Adaptation score examples. The dots represent the moving averages (window = 4 trials) of two example participants.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Eco-friendly packaging can reduce plastic waste by using biodegradable materials. [SEP] Text: [+] [ES] La producción y consumo de plásticos derivados de petróleo ha crecido exponencialmente en las últimas décadas, impactando en la naturaleza y los seres vivos. Los envases alimentarios son considerados la principal fuente de contaminación por plásticos. Por ello, el estudio y desarrollo de nuevos materiales derivados de recursos renovables y biodegradables ha emergido como un nuevo campo de gran interés. La presente tesis doctoral se enfocó en el desarrollo y caracterización de biopolímeros de polihidroxialcanoato (PHA) derivados de subproductos industriales y de la fracción orgánica de aguas residuales municipales, los residuos biológicos municipales, sintetizados por cultivos microbianos mixtos y producidos mediante las tecnologías de electroestirado y mezclado en fundido. Los materiales resultantes fueron desarrollados para obtener monocapas y multicapas activas y de alta barrera a oxígeno para su uso en envases alimentarios basados en la Bioeconomía Circular. Para lograr los objetivos, esta tesis doctoral se ha dividido en tres bloques según la tecnología utilizada en la obtención de los materiales. El primer bloque consistió en la extracción de los PHAs derivados de residuos agro-industriales para su óptima utilización en los procesos de producción. Posteriormente, se realizó el procesado de los PHAs mediante la técnica de electroestirado, por la cual se obtuvieron fibras poliméricas que fueron tratadas térmicamente para formar films continuos y homogéneos.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Telehealth services can replace all in-person medical consultations. [SEP] Text: (2022) Telehealth during the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: rapid expansion of Telehealth outpatient use during a pandemic is possible if the programme is previously established. J 28 (6):445–451, doi:10. 1177/1357633X20942045, pmid:32686556. 4. ↵ (2020) Trends in the use of Telehealth during the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic - United States, January-March 2020. 69 (43):1595–1599, doi:10. 15585/mmwr. mm6943a3, pmid:33119561. 5. ↵ (2016) “Burden of lung disease in the UK; findings from the British lung foundation’s “respiratory health of the nation” project” Journal 48 doi:10. 1183/13993003. congress-2016. PA4913. PA4913. OpenUrlCrossRef6. ↵Dambha--Harrisskitt J, et al. (2022) Primary care consultations for respiratory tract symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cohort study including 70,000 people in England. 39 (3):440–446, doi:10. 1093/fampra/cmab127, pmid:34632504. 7. ↵(2013) Common general practice presentations and publication frequency. Phys 42 (2):65–68. OpenUrl8. Department of Health and (2020) What we’re doing about lung and respiratory conditions. accessed. -respiratory. com. 21 Sep 2023. 9. ↵ (2016) Meaning of living with severe chronic obstructive lung disease: a qualitative study. BMJ Open 6 (12), doi:10. 1136/bmjopen-2016-011555, pmid:27932338. e011555. OpenUrlAbstract/10. ↵(2015) The contradictions of telehealth user experience in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a qualitative meta-synthesis. PLoS One 10 (10), doi:10. 1371/journal. pone. 0139561, pmid:26465333. e0139561. 11.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: In order to calculate the Adaptation Score, the slope (a) and asymptote (b) were normalized across subjects and then summed for each participant. For P1 we were able to fit an exponential function, while for P2 the adaptation an exponential could not be fit. Download: PPTPowerPoint slidePNGlarger imageTIFForiginal imageTable 1. Pre-normalized slopes (a) and Asympotes (b) and adaptation scores for all the subjects. is often quantified by fitting the exponential function (exp(−τ ⋅ trial)) and calculating the time constant τ of this function. However, our pilot data showed we could not fit this function for each participant, as some participants adapted in a non-exponential way. There were 11 participants for which we were able to calculate the exponential function. In order to verify our method of quantifying adaptation, we compared τ of this exponential to our and confirmed our main finding (see below) using τ instead of the Adaptation Score. Movement onset was calculated according to algorithm A as proposed by [42] on the tangential velocity of the hand (tolerance range = 10%). The average movement speed (Mv) between the time of movement onset and the crossing of the target’s trajectory line was calculated. We also calculated the absolute movement angle (Ma) from the y-axis, calculated between movement onset and movement onset + 200 ms. In order to identify the relationship between different kinematic variables and Error, we analyzed the relationship between Mv, Ma, movement time (T), absolute target velocity (tv), (σMv)2- group (LOW = 0; HIGH = 1) and their interactions on TE. We did this with a for both the baseline and adaptation phase (lambda = 0. 6). can be used with multicollinear variables. We calculated bootstrapped confidence intervals (95%). LASSO regression includes a penalization. Confidence intervals can therefore only provide information about the variability regarding β for each predictor, but they should be interpreted with caution when it comes to the significance of the predictors. Additionally, we performed another analysis with this technique in order to verify the respective contributions of movement speed variability ((σMv)2) and movement angle ((σMa)2) and their interaction on the Adaptation Score.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Eco-friendly packaging can reduce plastic waste by using biodegradable materials. [SEP] Text: Estas monocapas presentaron buenas propiedades térmicas y mecánicas, así como alta barrera tanto a vapores como a gases. Además, las fibras fueron funcionalizadas con compuestos orgánicos presentes en aceites esenciales para proporcionarles una función antimicrobiana activa contra microorganismos trasmitidos por los alimentos. Por otro lado, se realizó el electroestirado de copolímeros de etileno-alcohol vinílico, un polímero sintético que se biodegrada en condiciones específicas y que posee alta barrera a oxígeno. Además, nanocristales de celulosa fueron añadidos al EVOH, para crear monocapas híbridas de alta barrera más sostenibles. En el segundo bloque, los materiales se procesaron mediante la técnica de mezclado en fundido. Para ello, los PHAs derivados de biomasa del primer bloque se mezclaron con PHAs comerciales, así como con cargas celulósicas para formar "compuestos verdes", en el que todos los materiales estaban basados en recursos renovables y biodegradables. Las mezclas mostraron buena miscibilidad y propiedades ópticas, una flexibilidad mejorada, así como propiedades de barrera similares a las del material de biopoliéster puro. Finalmente, en el tercer bloque, se produjeron sistemas multicapas utilizando mezclas de PHA desarrolladas ad-hoc, y materiales monocapa de PHA electroestirado del primer bloque.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Telehealth services can replace all in-person medical consultations. [SEP] Text: 1093/jamia/ocz046, pmid:31329875. 19. ↵ (2023) Translating primary care to telehealth: analysis of in-person consultations on diabetes and cardiovascular disease. BJGP Open 7 (1), doi:10. 3399/BJGPO. 2022. 0123, pmid:36450404. BJGPO. 2022. 0123. OpenUrlAbstract/20. ↵(2020) Telehealth: the right care, at the right time, via the right medium. doi:10. 1056/CAT. 20. 0564. OpenUrlCrossRef21. ↵Institute for research by location: England. accessed. 12 Sep 2023. 22. ↵ (2022) Evaluation of telehealth support in an integrated respiratory clinic. 32 (1), doi:10. 1038/s41533-022-00304-9, pmid:36369507. 51. 23. ↵ (2016) Telehealth: mapping the evidence for patient outcomes from systematic reviews. accessed. 12 Sep 2023. 24. ↵ (2021) Patient and family perceptions of telehealth as part of the cystic fibrosis care model during COVID-19. J 20 (3):e23–e28, doi:10. 1016/j. jcf. 2021. 03. 009, pmid:33775604. 25. ↵ (2021) Telehealth for patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILD): results of an international survey of clinicians. 8 (1), doi:10. 1136/bmjresp-2021-001088, pmid:34969772. e001088. OpenUrlAbstract/26. ↵Phimphasone- (2021) Clinician and staff perspectives on potential disparities introduced by the rapid implementation of telehealth services during COVID-19: a mixed-methods analysis. Med 11 (7):1339–1347, doi:10. 1093/tbm/ibab060, pmid:34132810. 27. ↵(2023) Guide to undertaking virtual respiratory assessment for adults: basic and extended. accessed. 12 Sep 2023. Back to top Previous 2023. 0073. DOI: 10. 3399/BJGPO. 2023.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: As expected with regards to our hypothesis, we found the only included predictor of the to be the (σMv)2 (see Results). The remainder of our analysis was therefore focused on the role of Mv on Adaptation. The correlation between Mv variability across baseline trials ((σMv)2) and the was calculated using the rcorr- function from the Hmisc-package [43]. We used Spearman, in addition to Pearson, because Spearman (based on ranks) captures monotonic relation better than Pearson (which requires linear relations). We also calculated this relationship for τ calculated for the 11 participants that showed exponential adaptation curves. We examined if the predictive capacity of (σMv)2 was due to the sequential effects of the TE on Mv by dividing the participants in a LOW (n = 9) and HIGH (n = 8) (σMv)2 group based on the size of their movement speed variability. In order to verify if there were group differences in variances for Mv and TE, we did F-tests on the results from the baseline phase (var. test-function for R). As we suspected that the benefit of (σMv)2 came from error correction rather than exploration, we expected sequential effects of TEt on Mvt+1. The sequential effects can show us if the error on one trial had an effect on the movement speed of consecutive trials. We verified this idea in two different ways: First, we fit a linear mixed model (lmer-function of the lme4-package [44] that examined the slopes of the HIGH and LOW (σMv)2 group, with subject as a nested random effect. We found significant effect for the HIGH (σMv)2 group, indicating that movement speed was used to account for previous encountered errors. In order to examine this effect in more detail, we calculated the cross correlation (ccf-function for R) between the TE and Mv for lag 0 through 3 for each subject individually to capture the corrective pattern. This way we could examine the effects of the movement speed on the error (lag 0) and the effect of the error on the movement speed over the next 3 trials (lag 1-3).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Eco-friendly packaging can reduce plastic waste by using biodegradable materials. [SEP] Text: Estas estructuras multicapas se basaron en las propiedades adhesivas que poseen las fibras electroestiradas tras aplicarles el tratamiento térmico y en el uso de los revestimientos de CNCs como capas intermedias de barrera a oxígeno. Así, los sistemas multicapas desarrollados fueron totalmente compostables, con alta barrera a oxígeno, siendo potenciales candidatos para sustituir a los actuales envases alimentarios basados en materiales no renovables provenientes del petróleo. Por lo tanto, los materiales aquí desarrollados son tanto bioadhesivos muy prometedores que muestran propiedades antimicrobianas y de alta barrera, como capas exteriores con fines estructurales o para uso como films finos. Así, por laminación, estos materiales pueden dar lugar a films multicapas autoadhesivos, empleados tanto en envases rígidos, semirrígidos o flexibles. Estas estructuras son sostenibles y respetuosas con el medio ambiente y además son biodegradables mediante compostaje y, en algún caso, biodegradables en el medio ambiente. Asimismo, son potencialmente capaces de proporcionar una calidad y seguridad alimentaria comparables a las derivadas de fuentes petroquímicas. [-] [CA] La producció i el consum de plàstics derivats de petroli ha crescut exponencialment en les últimes dècades, impactant en la naturalesa i els éssers vius. Els envasos alimentaris són considerats la principal font de. . .

Output: corroborate