Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: Між ідеями негації Польської держави і здобуття автономії. Галичина і Волинь у складі міжвоєнної Польщі редкол. : Вісин В. , Голик Р. , Голубко В. та ін. Харків: Фоліо, 2017. С. 44–110. 2. Соляр, І. Спроби консолідації політичних сил Наддніпрянщини і Галичини (1920–1923). Революція, державність, нація: Україна на шляху самоствердження (1917–1921). Київ, 2017. С. 87–95. 3. Соляр, І. Ідея консолідації в громадсько-політичному житті Західної України в 1920–1923 рр.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Environmental DNA (eDNA) is used to detect the presence of species in water bodies and ecosystems by analyzing genetic material in the environment. [SEP] Text: 2017. Controls on eDNA movement in streams: transport, retention, and resuspension. 7(1):5065. 2004. Status and trends of amphibian declines and extinctions worldwide. Science 306(5702):1783-1786. 2018. Environmental DNA: for biodiversity research and monitoring. Oxford: Press. . 2020. Comparing the efficiency of open and enclosed filtration systems in environmental DNA quantification for fish and jellyfish. 15:e0231718 Águila C, López-Rojas J, Pérez-Peña P. 2020. Amphibian and reptile diversity in thenapo-putumayo-Amazonas interfluvium, northern Peruvian Amazon. Folia Amazónica 29(2):321-351 øller. 2016. Next-generation monitoring of aquatic biodiversity using environmental DNA metabarcoding. 25(4):929-942 Van der heyden C, Riascos L, Carrera-. 2021. DNA-based monitoring for assessing the effect of invasive species on aquatic communities in the Amazon basin of Ecuador. 4:e65376 ć. 2016. Freshwater vertebrate metabarcoding on Illumina platforms using double-indexed primers of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene. Resources 8(3):323-327. 2005. Comparative performance of the 16S rRNA gene in DNA barcoding of amphibians. Frontiers in Zoology 2(1):1-12 Vierstraete A, Braeckman B. 2022. Amplicon_sorter: a tool for reference-free amplicon sorting based on sequence similarity and for building consensus sequences. Ecology and Evolution 12:e8603. 2021. Development of an eDNA metabarcoding tool for surveying the world’s largest amphibian. 68(5):608-614 Wang S, Yan Z, Hänfling. 2021. Methodology of fish eDNA and its applications in ecology and environment. Science of the 755(4):142622 Weigand H, Beermann AJ, Čiampor -van der árbíró G, Ekrem T. 2019. DNA barcode reference libraries for the monitoring of aquatic biota in Europe: gap-analysis and recommendations for future work.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: Close navigation menu 170. 170. Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) toolbar search Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) may serve as a useful indicator to approach Parkinson’s disease (PD); however, PD patients do not always exhibit RBD. We wondered whether the presence of RBD would be reflected in the expansion of PD lesions and represent the same PD entity. We examined the clinical differences between PD with and without RBD and studied the frequency of RBD-like symptoms (RBD-s) and clinical differences in 150 PD patients, including 81 patients (54. 0%) who satisfied the of Sleep Disorders, Revised, minimum clinical criteria for RBD. RBD-s preceding the appearance of parkinsonism were found in 44. 4% of patients. Statistically, the presence of RBD-s was associated with ages above 65 years, male gender, constipation, dopa-induced dyskinesia and ‘sleep attack’, with odds ratios of 3. 709, 2. 469, 2. 184, 5. 046 and 6. 562, respectively. No differences were found between the 2 groups with regard to symptoms at PD onset, disease duration, Hoehn-Yahr stage, hallucination, dementia, wearing-off, orthostatic hypotension, cerebral blood flow and antiparkinsonism drugs. In the early stage, RBD and autonomic system dysfunction are important factors in the progression of PD. Keywords: REM sleep behaviour disorder, Parkinson’s disease, Autonomic nervous system eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) is characterized by a loss of normal skeletal muscle atonia and involves complex motor activity occurring specifically during REM sleep in association with dream mentation. RBD can be idiopathic or can be associated with degenerative neurological disorders, particularly multiple-system atrophy, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) [1]. In previous studies, the histopathology of patients with RBD revealed incidental Lewy body disease [2], while 38% of RBD patients aged ≥50 years were eventually diagnosed with PD [3]. Since RBD may serve as an early indicator of PD, the detection of this symptom could enable the treatment of PD with novel drugs to prevent progression to full-blown PD.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: Взаємодія інституцій держави і громадянського суспільства наук. ред. Соляр І. Я. Львів: Інститут українознавства ім. І. Крип’якевича НАНУ, 2017. С. 231–240 та ін. Editoral team:Alessandro Achilli, PhD, Lecturer in Ukrainian Studies, (Clayton) Melbourne, Australia (1800 Monash (666 274), Australia)Alessandro. Achilli@monash. edu Achilli, А. (2016). “As a Poet he is known to all of Russia”. A rather Fruitful Malentendu: Rilke and Spiridon Drožžin. Zeitschrift für Slawistik, 61(2), 215–228. DOI: Achilli, А. (2015). Taras Ševčenko in the prose and poetry of Vasyl’ Stus. Studi Slavistici, 12, 317–331. DOI: 10. 13128/Studi-Slavis-17985. Retrieved from: Achilli, А. (2013). Subject as a Poet in the Works of Marina Cvetaeva, Rilke. Studi Slavistici, 10(1), 129–148. DOI: Stepan Borchuk, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of of the University (57 Shevchenko St. , Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine)borchuk_s@ukr. net Borchuk, S. , Khytrovska, Yu. (2019). History of Relations of Masonry and Church in the – Centuries.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Scientists use eDNA to monitor endangered species without needing to capture or disturb them. [SEP] Text: However, a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of different floral plantings, their characteristics and consequences for crop yield across global regions is lacking. Here we quantified the impacts of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control and pollination services in adjacent crops using a global dataset of 529 sites. Flower strips, but not hedgerows, enhanced pest control services in adjacent fields by 16% on average. However, effects on crop pollination and yield were more variable. Our synthesis identifies several important drivers of variability in effectiveness of plantings: pollination services declined exponentially with distance from plantings, and perennial and older flower strips with higher flowering plant diversity enhanced pollination more effectively. These findings provide promising pathways to optimize floral plantings to more effectively contribute to ecosystem service delivery and ecological intensification of agriculture in the future. as a for Ancient DNA and Preserva. . . Landon A. 13, 2022 Researchers' ability to accurately screen fossil and subfossil specimens for preservation of DNA and protein sequences remains limited. Thermal exposure and geologic age are usable proxies for sequence preservation on a broad scale but are of nominal use for specimens of similar depositional environments. Cell and tissue biomolecular histology is thus proposed as a novel proxy for determining sequence preservation potential of ancient specimens with improved accuracy. Biomolecular histology as a proxy is hypothesized to elucidate why fossils/subfossils of some depositional environments preserve sequences while others do not and to facilitate selection of ancient specimens for use in molecular studies. FFP3 respirators protect healthcare workers against infection with SARS-CoV-2 and 14 more June 30, 2021 IntroductionConsistent with Organization (WHO) advice [1], UK Control guidance recommends that healthcare workers (HCWs) caring for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) should use fluid resistant surgical masks type IIR (FRSMs) as respiratory protective equipment (RPE), unless aerosol generating procedures (AGPs) are being undertaken or are likely, when a filtering face piece 3 (FFP3) respirator should be used [2]. In a recent update, an FFP3 respirator is recommended if “an unacceptable risk of transmission remains following rigorous application of the hierarchy of control” [3]. Conversely, guidance from the Centers for and Prevention (CDC) recommends that HCWs caring for patients with COVID-19 should use an N95 or higher level respirator [4].

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: However, PD patients do not always exhibit RBD; in fact, this symptom is only observed in approximately one third to one half of PD patients [1, 4, 5]. We wondered whether the presence of RBD would be reflected in the pathology of PD and represent the same PD entity. Therefore, we examined the frequency of RBD-like symptoms (RBD-s) in PD patients and investigated the clinical differences between PD with and without RBD-s by clinical interviews. Methods and The subjects comprised patients who satisfied Calne’s diagnostic criteria for clinically possible or clinically probable PD [6], with Hoehn-Yahr stage or IV. PD patients with Hoehn-Yahr stage V were excluded because some patients lived in a nursing home and could not be observed during their nocturnal sleep. Patients with secondary or symptomatic parkinsonism and DLB patients who satisfied the DLB consensus criteria of the Third and of DLB [7, 8] were also excluded. Clinical interviews were answered by the PD patients and their bed partners or caregivers. We recruited 150 PD patients between June 2006 and May 2007. The following 3 conditions were investigated: (1) abnormal movements during sleep, assessed by a structured questionnaire to determine the frequency and type of movement (e. g. crying, thrashing the arms and legs about, walking and hitting); (2) a strong urge to move the legs when relaxing and an inability to fall asleep, except during the day (minimal criteria for restless legs syndrome [9]), and (3) ‘sleep attack’ while engaged in activities such as eating, speaking or driving a car. The clinical findings were reviewed by board-certified neurologists in our department.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: Український історичний журнал, 4, 118–135. Retrieved from: Borchuk, S. (2017). The first completed Ukrainian encyclopedia of modern times. Danubius, 35 (Supliment: Modernity, Post-modernity, Communism, Post-communism. Contributions, supplementary issue), 129–140. Retrieved from: 3. Borchuk, S. (2017). Ukrainian encyclopaedic tradition of the 20th century. Codrul Cosminului, 23(2), 273–290. Retrieved from: Gazdag Vilmoš, Doctor of Philosophy, of the Department of Hungarian Philology, Ferenc Rákóczi II. Institute (Kossuth square, 6, 90200 Beregovo, Ukraine)gazdagvilmos@gmail. com Gazdag, V. (2019). Szesztra – egy kiveszett szláv jövevényszó regionális újrakölcsönzéséről. Magyar Nyelv, 115(4), 460–467. DOI: 10. 18349/MagyarNyelv. 2019. 4. 460. 2. Gazdag, V. (2018). Másodnyelvi homonimák a kárpátaljai magyar nyelvjárásokban. Magyar Nyelv, 114(3), 347–359. DOI: 10. 18349/MagyarNyelv. 2018. 3. 347. 3. Gazdag, V. (2016). Csernicskó István: Nyelvpolitika a háborús Ukrajnában (Ismerteti). Magyar Nyelvőr, 140(1), 107–110.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Scientists use eDNA to monitor endangered species without needing to capture or disturb them. [SEP] Text: After nearly 30 years of experience with offshore wind energy (OWE), the industry is moving past the initial learning phase and into large-scale development. One of the strongest motivations for OWE is that projects are large enough to replace fossil-fueled electricity production that we know is a primary contributor to the ongoing climate crisis. Environmental concerns are therefore also at the core of OWE development, and environmental research and impact monitoring have been central parts of the industry since its inception. A large volume of science-based knowledge is available about the environmental impacts of OWE on marine ecosystems, from effects on the seafloor sediment infauna beneath the turbines to those on marine mammals that roam the developed seas. In the next couple of years, we will see a large increase in OWE development, with single projects such as in the coming online as well as larger projects that produce several gigawatts of energy from thousands of square kilometers devoted to OWE production. Because they can be deployed in deep water, floating wind turbines play a significant role in these long-term developmental plans, but their environmental impacts are not well understood, including the possible impacts on pelagic ecosystems. With large projects covering ever more area, including deep waters, we may see cumulative effects on upper ocean stratification as projected by oceanographic models of lee effects (Broström, 2008). Turbulence introduced by the foundation structures and anchoring lines may add to the forces that result in increased mixing of upper water layers with potential downstream consequences on productivity (Floeter et al. , 2017). Another knowledge gap concerns the general impact on pelagic fish from floating OWE. Trawl surveys are typically used to monitor pelagic fish; however, trawling is difficult in areas with large structures such as turbine foundations and their anchor lines. While demersal species of fish are relatively well researched in OWE installations, often using passive gear such as bottom set gill nets or fyke nets, the impact of the structures on behavior and distribution of pelagic species is less known (Methratta et al. , 2020). To address these knowledge gaps and assess a new method for impact monitoring at large offshore wind installations, we developed and tested a strategy for sampling environmental DNA in the pelagic ecosystem surrounding a floating OWE installation (Figure 1).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: One of the major limitations of this study was the use of the ICSD-R minimal diagnosis criteria to diagnose RBD because these criteria do not require polysomnography. The sensitivity of specialized interviews for identifying RBD clinically was good (100%) in non-PD patients; however, it was poor (33%) in PD patients [4, 12]. One of the causes for the lower sensitivity in PD patients was the patients’ lack of awareness [4]; therefore, we excluded single patients. Although nocturnal sleep behaviour could not be recorded for all patients, we recorded it for 20 subjects (10 patients each from the RBD and non-RBD groups) on HD video (Sony HDR-SR1) to confirm the presence of RBD-s, and these data agreed with those obtained from each questionnaire. Furthermore, in Japan, elderly couples do not always sleep in the same bedroom; therefore, abnormal sleep behaviour not accompanied by loud sounds may not be recognized. Thus, some patients in the non-RBD group may possibly have had RBD, thereby representing false negatives and causing underestimation of the frequency of RBD. We expected an increased prevalence in male and elderly patients since similar findings have been reported in the case of idiopathic RBD [13]. The symptoms at the onset of PD did not differ between the RBD and non-RBD groups. No difference was observed in the frequency of dementia between the RBD and non-RBD groups, and the mean age was greater in the RBD group (70. 6 years) than in the non-RBD group (66. 0 years). In the general Japanese population, the frequency of dementia is reported to be 1. 9% in 65- to 69-year-old individuals and 4. 5% in 70- to 74-year-old individuals [14]; therefore, no differences were indicated. Pacchetti et al. [15 ]reported that the presence of RBD in PD patients was associated with an approximately 3-fold increased risk of psychotic disorders. Arnulf et al. [16 ]suggested that hallucinations and delusions in non-demented PD patients can result from abnormal REM sleep. A dysfunction in the control system of REM sleep exists in hallucinators, and hallucinations represent illusions of dream imagery during waking hours [15,16,17].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: Retrieved from: Danylenko Andriy, Professor, Doctor of Philosophy, Pace University, Dyson college of arts and sciences, Modern language and culture (41 Park Row, 2nd Floor, New York, NY 10038, United States)adanylenko@pace. edu Danylenko, A. , Naienko, H. (2019). Linguistic russification in Russian Ukraine: languages, imperial models, and policies. Russian Linguistics, 43(1), 19–39. DOI: 10. 1007/s11185-018-09207-12. Danylenko, A. (2018). The correlation of linguistic patterning and societal structures insystemic typology. Cracoviensis, 135(1), 81–96. DOI: 10. 4467/20834624SL. 18. 007. 8167. 3. Danylenko, A. (2018), Complexity development and simplification in systemic typology: types of changes in the internal determinant. Cracoviensis, 135(2), 113–129. DOI: 10. 4467/20834624SL. 18. 010. 84694. Danylenko, A. (2017). A missing chain? Оn the sociolinguistics of the of Lithuania 1. Acta Baltico-Slavica, 41, 31–57. DOI: 10. 11649/abs. 2017. 002 Zoltán András, Professor, Doctor of Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary (H-1053 Budapest, Egyetem tér 1-3)zoltandr@gmail. com Zoltán, A. (2018). Ранний славяноболгарский вклад в венгерский язык. Hungaricae, 63, 171–180. DOI: 10. 1556/060. 2018. 63. 1. 192. Zoltán, A. (2017). Mely szláv nyelvből jött zabrál szavunk? Magyar Nyelv, 113(2), 225–227.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Scientists use eDNA to monitor endangered species without needing to capture or disturb them. [SEP] Text: Environmental DNA (or eDNA) is DNA shed from animals and plants to the soil, air, sediment, or water environment where it can be sampled by filtration with pore sizes in the range of one micrometer or smaller. The captured eDNA can be assessed in various ways. Here, we wanted to assess species composition of pelagic metazoan communities, with an emphasis on fish species. To accomplish this, we used metabarcoding with the relatively slowly evolving gene 18S (V1–V2), which amplifies a range of eukaryote taxa, and the fish-specific MiFish assay based on a fragment of the faster evolving, species-specific 12S mitochondrial gene. We also wanted to estimate the abundances of two of the commercially most important pelagic species in the area, Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) and Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus). For these quantitative analyses we used herring- and mackerel-specific primers in assays optimized for droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), a technology that permits estimates of the number of target gene copies in a sample. 1. (a) study location. The offshore wind farm operated by Equinor is located 25 km east of Peterhead off northern Scotland in an area dominated by tidal currents flowing north-south. Five stations were sampled in the wind farm, and five reference stations were chosen 10 km east of the wind farm to minimize the risk of sampling the same water. (b) Scotland offshore wind farm. Photo credit: Equinor. > High res figure The test was carried out in August 2021 at Equinor’s pilot installation Hywind Scotland, situated 25 km east of Peterhead in northeastern Scotland and operational since 2017 (Figure 1a). The wind farm consists of five floating 6 MW turbines installed at 95–120 m depth, spaced 800–1,600 m apart, and attached to the seafloor with three-point mooring systems (Figure 1b). We used a similar sized reference area with the same depth range located approximately 10 km east of the wind farm. Five stations in each of these areas were sampled at 10 m and 50 m depths. Each sample consisted of 3 × 1 liter of water. The samples were immediately filtered and preserved on board and kept dark and cool to reduce eDNA decay prior to sample analysis.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: Brain stem lesions were indicated to occur in hallucination [18]; however, in the present study, we did not find a relationship between RBD-s and hallucination or between hallucination and responsible lesions. DID was a dominant symptom of the RBD group, and the cause of the risk of DID was unknown. Although only a few patients with RBD-s had DID, prevention of the induction of DID in patients with RBD-s should be considered during the treatment of parkinsonism. ‘Sleep attack’ was a dominant symptom in the RBD group; it might be caused by sleep shortage associated with RBD-s or by the differences in levodopa doses or age. In our study, older patients (OR, 1. 143; 95% CI, 1. 034–1. 265) with RBD-s with PD (OR, 8. 532; 95% CI, 1. 674–43. 488) exhibited a relative risk for sleep attacks. If PD patients exhibited ‘sleep attacks’, we would consider the possibility of RBD-s and initiate clonazepam treatment. We investigated the relationship between RBD-s and drugs in patients with and without RBD-s after parkinsonism. In other words, we examined the possibility that RBD-s were caused by pharmacotherapy after the onset of PD. Levodopa, dopamine agonists (pergolide, cabergoline and pramipexole), amantadine, selegiline and trihexyphenidyl exhibited no significant differences between the 2 groups. This showed that the antiparkinsonism drugs did not cause RBD-s in PD patients after the onset of parkinsonism. However, differences in age and sex were observed between PD patients with and without RBD-s after parkinsonism. The theory of Braak et al. [19] on the pathological processes of PD has received considerable attention. This theory states that pathological lesions begin in the medulla and eventually ascend to more rostral structures. The pathophysiology of RBD is believed to involve the nucleus reticularis magnocellularis and peri-locus coeruleus in the pons [12, 20]. These regions correspond to the second-stage lesions of Braak et al.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: DOI: 10. 18349/MagyarNyelv. 2017. 2. 2253. Zoltán, A. (2017). Szláv jövevényszavaink néhány időrendi és nyelvföldrajzi kérdése. Magyar Nyelv. 113. 2017. P. 1−9. DOI: 10. 18349/MagyarNyelv. 2017. 1. 14. Zoltán, A. (2017). Az ómagyar szerencs ’útonálló’ nyoma a régi kárpátukránban. Magyar Nyelv. 113. 2017. P. 206−210. DOI: 10. 18349/MagyarNyelv. 2017. 2. 206 Lytvyn Mykola, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Center of the Study of Ukrainian-Polish Relations, I. of Ukrainian Studies, of Sciences of Ukraine (4, 79026 Lviv, Ukraine)ukrpol. centr@gmail. com Lytvyn, M. , Khakhula, L. (2019). How and why do politicians use history? Review: Georgiy Kasianov. Past Continuous: historical politics of the 1980s – 2000s: Ukraine and its neighbors. Kyiv, Laurus, Antropos-Logos-Film. 430 s. Східноєвропейський історичний вісник, 10, 196–199. DOI: 10. 24919/2519-058x. 10. 1591772. Lytvyn, M. , Khakhula, L. (2019). była osamotniona w dobie nowożytnej? Michał Klimecki, Zbigniew Karpus, Czas samotności. Ukraina i Ukraińcy w latach 1914–2018 Warszawa, Bellona, 2018, 336 s.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Scientists use eDNA to monitor endangered species without needing to capture or disturb them. [SEP] Text: This was true for both the 10 m and 50 m sampled depths. The mackerel data indicated a higher abundance at 10 m than 50 m in both areas, with no difference between the areas. Both results were supported by the number of reads from the metabarcoding data (Figure 2). In our eukaryotic metabarcoding analysis, protists comprised the majority of sequence reads. As with the MiFish data, cluster analyses of the 18S data indicate no difference between the two areas, but there is a strong clustering of data based on depth. As this study represents a snapshot at a specific point in time, and plankton typically migrate vertically in the water column over a 24-hour period, a sampling campaign would ideally extend over at least one full migratory cycle. Our multi-pronged eDNA approach offers a powerful tool for identifying spatial and temporal structuring of pelagic communities. This will facilitate monitoring of change in hard-to-reach areas such as OWE installations where traditional methods are difficult to use. It may also increase the possibilities for identifying ecosystem changes at regional scales and over a broad range of taxons in a way that traditional sampling cannot do. Pairing metabarcoding for broad-scale community level assessment with ddPCR to obtain quantitative information regarding important target species is a powerful approach for characterizing the structures of pelagic communities.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: , which are presymptomatic for PD, and many reports have described sleep symptoms appearing before parkinsonism [2, 11]. Moreover, Braak et al. reported the involvement of parasympathetic preganglionic projection neurons of the vagal nerve in sympathetic preganglionic neurons of the spinal cord, and in postganglionic neurons of the coeliac ganglion [21]. In our study, constipation was more frequent in the RBD group than in the non-RBD group. Early clinical signs of RBD and constipation were important factors in the report by Braak et al. in that unmyelinated parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves might be vulnerable regions in the pathogenesis of PD. In this theory, lesions pathologically progress upwards; however, this pathological progression is not always clinically confirmed in all PD patients. 1. : Association of REM sleep behavior disorder and neurodegenerative disease may reflect an underlying synucleinopathy. 2001;16:622–630. 2. : body disease in a patient with REM sleep behavior disorder. Neurology 1995;45:709–712. 3. : Delayed emergence of a parkinsonian disorder in 38% of 29 older men initially diagnosed with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder. Neurology 1996;46:388–393. 4. : REM sleep behavior disorder in sleep-disordered patients with versus without Parkinson’s disease: is there a need for polysomnography? J 2001;186:7–11. 5. Gagnon JF, Bédard : REM sleep behavior disorder and REM sleep without atonia in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 2002;59:585–589. 6. : Criteria for diagnosing Parkinson’s disease. 1992;32:S125–S127. 7. ’--: Consortium on DLB. Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies: third report of the DLB consortium. Neurology 2005;65:1863–1872. 8. -; DLB/PDD Working Group: DLB and PDD boundary issues: diagnosis, treatment, molecular pathology, and biomarkers. Neurology 2007;68:812–819. 9. Walters AS: Toward a better definition of the restless legs syndrome: the.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: Pamięc i Sprawiedliwość, 33, 547–553. Retrieved from: Литвин, М. , Хахула, Л. (2019). Рецензія на книгу Литвина Сергія “Симон Петлюра у боротьбі за самостійну державу”. of Culture and Arts Herald, 1, 442–444. DOI: 10. 32461/2226-3209. 1. 2019. 1671964. Lytvyn, M. , Khakhula, L. (2019). The ukrainian memory community in Poland (the second half of the XX – beginning of the XXI centuries). Східноєвропейський історичний вісник, 12, 178–191. DOI: 10. 24919/2519-058x. 12. 177553 Moser Michael, Dr. habil. Professor, Institute for of the University of Vienna, Austria (Universitätsring 1, Vienna, Austria 1010), (Universität), Germany (Barellistraße 9A, München, Germany 80638), Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Hungary (Szentkirályi utca, 28, Budapest, Hungary 1088)michael. moser@univie. ac. at Moser, M. (2017). Zur jüngsten Sprachensituation in der Ukraine (2012–2016). Hungaricae, 62/1, 171–196. DOI: 10. 1556/060. 2017. 62. 1. 142. Moser, M. (2015).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of eDNA tests are performed in laboratories, though field-based testing equipment is improving. [SEP] Text: , 2021). Aquatic eDNA research is rapidly developing, and the published literature contains many approaches for sample collection and processing (Helbing & Hobbs, 2019). This rapid expansion of eDNA methods makes it challenging for researchers to understand sampling best practices and establish new eDNA workflows of their own. Meta-analysis efforts have aimed to identify common practices and identify standard operating procedures for intermediate sample preservation, ideal filter matrices, and DNA isolation prior to genetic analysis (Miya et al. , 2016). A common set of collection, process, and analysis approaches has recently been proposed to establish standards of practice that can be adopted by the larger research community, with the aim of enabling comparative research across the expanding field of molecular ecology (Sepulveda et al. , 2020; Minamoto et al. , 2020). Filtration-based methods are the most commonly used method for eDNA collection and concentration from water samples (Tsuji et al. , 2019). However, considerable variation remains in collection approaches due to the wide range of eDNA applications, differences in individual project logistics, and the availability or accessibility of filtration equipment (Nagler et al. , 2022). This variation has led to the method and time to filtration often being incompletely described or omitted in the literature. Common manual approaches for sample filtration involve forcing water through a filter using a large-volume (50–60 mL) syringe (Mächler et al. , 2016; Sigsgaard et al. , 2017; Minamoto et al. , 2020) or the combination of a hand-pump and vacuum flask (Baldigo et al. , 2017; Kamoroff & Goldberg, 2018). This process requires significant manual force, and as a result, is generally limited to less than 0. 5L collection volume. Alternatively, filtration is performed using a laboratory-grade vacuum or peristaltic pump (Walsh, Zaikova & Hallam, 2009; Miya et al. , 2016; Djurhuus et al. , 2017), which typically requires researchers in the field to transport collected water samples to a secondary location suitable for filtering. Field-ready integrated systems are relatively new to the market, and have shown promise for collection, preservation, extraction, and targeted aquatic invasive species detection (Thomas et al. , 2018; Thomas et al. , 2020).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: J > (1); 2020 > 36. Published online: April 17, 2020 DOI: 렘수면행동장애 진단을 위한 렘수면무긴장소실의 정량적 분석: 후향적 환자-대조군 연구 김지영1, 2, 이가현1, 성상민1, 김태웅2, 정대수1 1부산대학교 의과대학 신경과학교실 2부산대학교병원 수면장애센터 Quantification of without Atonia to : A Retrospective and Case-Jiyoung Kim1, 2, Gha-Hyun Lee1, Sung1, Taewoong Kim2, Jung1 1Department of Neurology, of Medicine, Busan, Korea 2for correspondence of Neurology, of Medicine, 179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49241, Korea Tel: +82-51-240-7311 Fax: +82-51-254-7317 E-mail: jungds@pusan. ac. kr 13, 2019 11, 2020 24, 2020Copyright © 2020 This is an 4. 0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep without atonia (RSWA) fulfils one of the criteria for diagnosing REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) according to the of Sleep Disorders, Third Edition. However, RSWA quantification is an unresolved issue, which is associated with the future direction of revising the diagnostic criteria.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: Il ruolo di Ševčenko nella codificazione della lingua letteraria ucraina moderna. Studi Slavistici, 13, 265–278. DOI: 10. 13128/Studi-Slavis-179813. Moser, M. (2014). Behavior of during the Interwar Period. Russian Linguistics, 38, 315–339. DOI: 10. 1007/s11185-014-9136-z Oleh Muravskyi, PhD in. of Ukrainian Studies, of Sciences of Ukraine (4, 79026 Lviv, Ukraine) oleg-muravskiy@ukr. net Murawśkyj, O. , Solіar, I. (2019). Procesy społeczno-polityczne w Ukraińskiej SRR: osobliwości, tendencje, skutki (przełom lat osiemdziesiątych i dziewięćdziesiątych XX w. ). Pamięc i Sprawiedliwośc, 33, 252–270. Retrieved from: Соляр, І. , Красівський, О. , Муравський, О. (2019). Діяльність Західно-Українського товариства Ліги Націй у 1922–1924 рр. Сторінки історії, 49, 75–84. DOI: 10. 20535/2307-5244. 49. 2019. 189557 Nadraga Marta, PhD in History,Senior Researcher, Director of (69 Pekarska St. , Lviv, 79010, Ukraine)m. nadraga@gmail. com Надрага, М.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of eDNA tests are performed in laboratories, though field-based testing equipment is improving. [SEP] Text: The resulting design incorporates three key features that address several gaps in the existing aquatic eDNA literature: It is rugged, lightweight (∼5 lb or 2. 2 kg—equivalent to ∼2 liters of water), and uses a rechargeable battery with capacity for at least 30L of water per battery charge. In addition, the secured and small footprint case allows for packed transport in a backpack or checked luggage during airline travel. The design utilizes a Sterivex™ filtration cartridge () under negative pressure, eliminating potential for contamination from fouled tubing or other processing equipment. However, no modifications to the core device are necessary to use other filter types. Compatibility with other filtration systems can be attained simply by choosing the tubing and couplers needed for connection. A minimal and robust design that can be quickly modified, repaired, and improved with ease-of-operation makes this device interchangeable whether sampling in the field or laboratory. The system described was tested for flow rates, portability, as well and total and targeted eDNA recovery using Sterivex™ in several common eDNA sampling efforts, including controlled laboratory experiments, local transport and land-based collection, and field-based collection on a research vessel. Through use of a portable, easy to assemble eDNA filtration system, we aim to reduce the dependency on expensive, non-portable systems that require transportation of large water volumes. Materials and eDNA collection system operates as a negative pressure filtration device in which tubing attaches to the male port of a Sterivex™ or other filtration cartridge (Fig. 1 and Supporting Information). As described, the interior tubing size produces a pressure-fit connection with a Sterivex™ filter cartridge. Adaptations to the tubing and connectors could be adapted for use with other filter types, such as syringe filters or reusable Swinnex disc-filter holders, using alternative tubing sizes, types, or adapters. Designs referenced in this manuscript are licensed under v2—Permissive (CERN-OHL-P v2). Figure 1: Assembled pump and illustrative operation. The entire eDNA filtration setup (A) is housed in a pelican case, which contains the pump, lead–acid battery, and a trickle charger modified to connect to the battery terminals.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quantification of RSWA in patients with RBD and identify an optimal cut-off value of quantitative RSWA for RBD diagnosis. records and polysomnographic results were analyzed retrospectively to diagnose sleep disorders from June 2017 to May 2018 at University Hospital. Nineteen subjects with idiopathic RBD were included in the present study. Propensity score matching was used to control age, gender, and anti-depressant factors, which influenced RSWA. RSWA was scored according to the of scoring manual. Cohen’s kappa coefficient was measured to test inter-rater reliability between two polysomnography raters. Results Cohen’s kappa coefficients were 0. 755 (p<0. 001) and 0. 689 (p<0. 001) for tonic and phasic activities, respectively. RSWA was significantly increased in subjects with RBD compared with controls [median and interquartile range: 16. 5 (8. 8–24. 6) vs. 6. 3 (4. 1–7. 2) p=0. 001]. The optimal cut-off value was 8. 0% for the proportion of RSWA (sensitivity 78. 5%, specificity 85. 7%, area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve 0. 837). with RBD had significantly increased RSWA compared to controls. The proportion of RSWA during REM sleep can be applied to discriminate subjects with RBD from controls.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: , Турчак, О. (2019). Українська офтальмологія в іменах: др. Михайло Кос (1863–1930). Офтальмологічний журнал, 4, 82–85. DOI: 10. 31288/oftalmolzh2019482852. Надрага, М. , Луцик, О. (2019). Владислав Шимонович – організатор і перший керівник кафедри гістології та ембріології Львівського університету. Світ Медицини та Біології, 4(70), 213–217. DOI: 10. 26724/2079-8334-2019-4-70-213-2173. Надрага, М. , Турчак, О. (2018). Професор Емануель Емерик Махек (1852–1930): нариси біографії та наукового доробку.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of eDNA tests are performed in laboratories, though field-based testing equipment is improving. [SEP] Text: Samples from displayed lower copy number for MarVer1 and MarVer3 when compared to aquaria-collected samples, with all samples exhibiting fewer than 1,000 copies per reaction. MarVer1 displayed average copy number of 504 (±115 S. E. ), while MarVer3 had an average copy number of 590 (±138 S. E. ). The discrepancies in copy numbers between aquarium samples and field samples, despite high overall DNA yield, are potentially due to salt-based PCR inhibition and concentrations of marine vertebrate eDNA in the respective aquarium and natural environment sampling sources, and are unlikely due to mechanical collection differences between sites. Figure 3: eDNA collection in field-based environments. Examples of eDNA sample collection at the bottlenose dolphin habitat in Baltimore, Maryland (A: photo credit Maddison Harman) and subsequent quantitation of eDNA using mitochondrial 12s MarVer1 and 16s MarVer3 primer sets to assess eDNA copy number (B). In open-ocean settings, collections performed while underway in a small boat between sampling locations in Monterey Bay, California (C: photo credit Hayley DeHart) and assessment of marine vertebrate (12s and 16s mtDNA) eDNA copy number in field-collected samples. Download full-size image DOI: 10. 7717/peerj. 15360/fig-3 have demonstrated a field-ready, rugged, and affordable aquatic eDNA collection system that produces high-quality eDNA samples suitable for qPCR-based detection and next-generation sequencing. Results indicate high eDNA yields from laboratory-based experiments, controlled aquarium systems, and field samples. The system can be easily assembled with minimal effort, training, and equipment, and can also be easily modified and repaired using parts available at hardware stores. For the reasons listed above, our group has increasingly used this system in remote-field environments to enable in-place eDNA collections. There is conflicting evidence in the rate of eDNA degradation after it is shed from its host in the literature, including suggestions that eDNA degrades exponentially with time (Thomsen et al. , 2012; Yamanaka et al. , 2016), and that the time and method of storage prior to filtration affect sample detection (Takahara, Minamoto & Doi, 2015; Yamanaka et al. , 2016; Hinlo et al.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: Keywords: REM sleep behavior disorder, Polysomnography, Parasomnia 서 론 렘수면행동장애[rapid eye movement(REM) sleep behavior disorder]는 사건수면 중 하나로 렘수면(REM sleep) 시기에 근육의 무긴장(atonia)이 소실되고, 비정상적인 행동 및 움직임을 보이는 질환이다[1]. 렘수면행동장애 증상은 1965년 다리뇌 덮개(pontine tegmentum) 부위에 병변이 있는 고양이에서 먼저 보고되었으며[2], 사람에서는 1986년 처음으로 보고되었다[3]. 일반 인구 집단을 대상으로 한 연구에서 유병률은 0. 38~0.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: Офтальмологічний журнал, 2, 70–72. DOI: 10. 31288/oftalmolzh/2018/2/7072 Taras Pastukh, Doctor of Philological Science, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Ukrainian Literature, I. of Ukrainian Studies, of Sciences of Ukraine (4, 79026 Lviv, Ukraine)tarpastukh@gmail. com Пастух, Т. Київська школа поетів та її оточення (модерні стильові течії української поезії 1960–90-х років): монографія. Львів: ЛНУ імені Івана Франка, 2010. 700 с. 2. Пастух, Т. Поетичне мислення Івана Франка (за збіркою “Semper tiro”). Львів: ЛНУ імені Івана Франка, 2003. 82 c. 3. Пастух, Т. Мости Олега Лишеги. Львів: Піраміда, 2019. 192 с. Krystyna, Dr. habil. Professor, of Slavic Studies, of Sciences (ul. Bartoszewicza 1b m.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of eDNA tests are performed in laboratories, though field-based testing equipment is improving. [SEP] Text: , 2017; Curtis, Larson & Davis, 2020). Curtis, Larson & Davis (2020) described a significant decrease in observed operational taxonomic units (OTU) diversity from samples that had been stored for as little as one-hour post-collection, and Takahashi et al. (2023) observe an increase in field studies with on-site filtration in an attempt to preserve intact DNA. While our laboratory experiment Ct value increases are suggestive of degradation in samples that occurs between collection and filtration, discrepancies in nuclear versus mitochondrial markers could alternatively be attributed to differential decay rates between nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, or PCR efficiencies between the two primer sets. Additionally, our degradation experiment was limited to a single-species assay with few replicates across time points, and further experimentation would be needed to effectively assess degradation in water sources across time compared to on-filter degradation. However, our preliminary results, along with many others that have aimed to identify eDNA degradation rates (Spens et al. , 2017; Friebertshauser et al. , 2019), support the importance of immediate filtration and chemical preservation of samples collected in the field. While laboratory-grade pumps may provide faster flow rates and increased collection volumes, we have observed that use of broadly available Sterivex™ or disc filters in the field increases the overall number of sample collection opportunities. With the myriad of water conditions and compositions being sampled by aquatic eDNA researchers, it is important to note that no eDNA collection method offers a solution to filter clogging due to organic matter, and high organic content samples would potentially benefit from pre-filtering samples to reduce clogging and facilitate larger sampling volumes. Field-based sampling efforts showed effective collection of eukaryotic mitochondria using the pump and 0. 45 µM filters, evidenced by successful qPCR of mitochondrial markers in aquarium and field samples. Higher copy numbers of MarVer1 and MarVer3 were found in aquarium samples as opposed to field samples from Monterey, which is expected as the concentration of marine mammals in the captive aquarium environment are far higher than field samples. Furthermore, the process of sampling and filtering on-site reduced the need to transport water samples back to a laboratory location for filtering, reducing risk of sample contamination or degradation during transport. The ability to easily transport eDNA filtration capabilities rather than transport heavy water samples greatly reduces the logistical burden for aquatic eDNA collections.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 최근 보고된 메타분석에서는 렘수면행동장애 환자를 평균 4. 75년간 추적을 한 경우 31. 95%에서 파킨슨병, 다기관위축증, 루이소체치매, 경도인지장애를 포함한 신경퇴행성 질환을 보였고, 장기간 추적의 경우 90% 이상에서 신경퇴행성 질환을 보 일 것으로 평가하였다[9]. 국제수면질환분류 3판(of Sleep Disorders, Third Edition)은 렘수면행동장애 진단 기준 중 하나로 수면다원검사 시 렘수면무긴장소실을 제시하고 있다.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: 17, 00-337 Warszawa, Poland)dorota. rembiszewska@ispan. waw. pl Rembiszewska, D. , K. (2017). Materiały polskie do Niemieckiego atlasu językowego jako źródło do badań XIX-wiecznej polszczyzny regionalnej. Jezikoslovni zapiski, 23, 183–192. DOI: 10. 3986/JZ. 23. 1. 68712. Rembiszewska, D. , K. (2014). Projekt i realizacja bazy danych do Atlasu gwar wschodniosłowiańskich Białostocczyzny. Studia z i Słowiańskiej, 49, 130–138. DOI: 10. 11649/sfps. 2014. 0133. Rembiszewska, D. K. (2014). XIX-wieczne badania ludoznawcze na obszarze Łotwy w świetle korespondencji do Jana Karłowicza. Acta Baltico-Slavica, 38, 98–107. DOI: 10. 11649/abs. 2014. 010 Romaniuk Mykhaylo, PhD in History Head of the Department of the of modern history, I. of Ukrainian Studies, of Sciences of Ukraine (4, 79026 Lviv, Ukraine)rmv. lviv@gmail. com Бегей, І. І. , Харук, А. І. , Романюк, М. В. (2019). Українсько-російські взаємини у працях Юліяна Бачинського.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: The majority of eDNA tests are performed in laboratories, though field-based testing equipment is improving. [SEP] Text: Our eDNA collection system has been distributed to multiple collaborators undertaking fieldwork ranging from polar oceans to tropical environments. Their feedback has informed refinement of the platform to reduce complexity and enable field-based repairs when necessary. As an open-hardware concept, future versions of this hand-portable filtration system could leverage higher-flow pumps, integrated flow-sensors, and battery management to improve usability. Currently, these pumps are being utilized on ships, ships, and the Museum of research program. Input from collaborators has guided design considerations, and we have expanded on the design described in this manuscript to improve field-reliability and throughput. developed a low-cost, portable filtration system for aquatic eDNA collection that may be built and used with very little prior experience in hardware construction or eDNA sampling. By incorporating point of collection filtration into eDNA sampling workflows, we anticipate reduced dependencies on technical personnel for ecological inventories, increasing the consistency of biological survey data and potentially identifying cryptic organisms that are otherwise challenging to detect. Moving forward, we advocate for recording the period of time between initial sampling and filtration of aquatic eDNA samples. Datasets and associated R code used to generate figures DOI: 10. 7717/peerj. 15360/supp-1 Instructions for e: 10. 7717/peerj. 15360/supp-2 The authors would like to thank C. Meyer, S. Tweedt, M. Timmers, M. Greenfelder, D. Cornejo, D. Goodwin, and G. Ashton for their feedback on pump design during fieldwork. We would also like to acknowledge the efforts of S. Rickett and K. Baron (National Aquarium), as well as K. Truelove, F. Chavez, L. Henderson, and E. Rienecker (MBARI) for their facilitation of sample collections. authors declare there are no competing interests. Hayley M. DeHart conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the 2017. Efficacy of environmental DNA to detect and quantify brook trout populations in headwater streams of the Adirondack Mountains, New York. Transactions of the Society 146:99-111 --. 2021. Observing life in the sea using environmental DNA.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 국제수면질환분류 3판에서도 “렘수면무긴장소실에 대한 기준은 최신의 미국수면의학회(of Sleep Medicine)의 수면다원검사 채점 기준에 따른다. ”라고만 기술되어 있고, 무긴장의 소실과 관련된 정량적 기준은 제시하지 못하고 있다. 즉 렘수면 중 발생하는 무긴장의 소실 비율이 어느 정도 있어야 렘수면행동장애를 진단하고, 렘수면행동장애를 배제할 수 있는가에 대한 기준을 제시하지 못하고 있다[1].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: Сторінки історії, 49. DOI: 10. 20535/2307-5244. 49. 2019. 189570 2. Sova, A, Romaniuk, M. (2019). Ivan Boberskyi’s pedagogical activity at in Lviv (1906–1914). Східноєвропейський історичний вісник, 4, 71–80. DOI: 10. 24919/2519-058x. 0. 184411 Stepanovych, Doctor of Historical Sciences,Professor, I. of Ukrainian Studies, of Sciences of Ukraine (Vynnychenko St. , 24, 79008, Lviv, Ukraine)olexandr. sytnyk@gmail. com Yakovyshyna, Y. , Koropetskyi, R. , Bulyk, N. , Sytnyk, O. (2019). Influences of Sites of Trypillia BI – Cucuteni A4 Stages on the Establishing of Styles of Panting of of of Trypillia ВI–ВII Stages (Upper and Region). Hiperboreea, 6(2), 5-20. Łanczont, M. , Madeyska, T. , Sytnyk, O. , Bogucki, A. , Komar, M. , Nawrocki, J. , Hołub, B. & Mroczek, P. (2015). Natural environment of MIS 5 and soil catena sequence along a loess slope in the valley: Evidence from the site (Ukraine). Quaternary International, 365, 74-97. DOI:10. 1016/j. quaint. 2014. 05. 0353. Łanczont, M. , Madeyska, T. , Bogucki, A. , Sytnyk, O. , Kusiak, J. , Frankowski, Z. , Komar, M. , Nawrocki, J. &Zogała, B. (2014).

Output: pass


Input: Claim: eDNA technology will soon replace all traditional wildlife monitoring methods, such as camera traps or field surveys. [SEP] Text: study demonstrates that the eDNA-method had a greater capacity to detect amphibians in Amazonian aquatic environments than VES. However, it highlights the complementary information of traditional methods to complete a database and corroborate the results. Sixty-two species have previously been recorded in the TRMB, of which 33 were detected using eDNA and VES in this study. This represents a small fraction of the species presumed to inhabit this region, as there are several unexplored areas where the batrachofauna diversity is unknown. Developing a monitoring program using two or more techniques is necessary to generate a complete picture of amphibian diversity in the TRMB. Also, to increase the detection rate of amphibians, using various types of environmental samples could expand the range of detection of terrestrial species or inhabitants of specific micro-ecosystems (e. g. , bromeliads, tree holes, leaf litter, etc. ). A traditional monitoring approach (VES) has been used for decades and has generated valuable information on biodiversity in some ecosystems, but specific taxonomic knowledge is needed, and sampling is invasive, complex, and time-consuming. eDNA-based techniques, when combined with VES, can generate robust and verifiable records that contribute to the development of conservation strategies in biodiversity hotspots. Supplementary Material. DOI: 10. 7717/peerj. 15455/supp-1 The authors would especially like to thank all the people who participated in the fieldwork: María José Sánchez, Alex Arias, Álvaro Pérez, ánez, Viviana Cabrera, Miguel Gómez, Carlos Carrasco, Samanta Oña; in the laboratory processes: Mónica Sánchez; in the bioinformatics analysis: Alex Sánchez, and the map design:. We would also like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. authors declare that they have no competing interests. conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, prepared figures and/or tables, authored or reviewed drafts of the 7638. The following information was supplied regarding data availability: The data is available at figshare: Quilumbaquin, Walter (2022): eDNA and VES Supplemental Material. figshare. Collection.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 렘수면행동장애군은 사건수면을 주 증상으로 방문하여 병력 및 수면다원검사 결과를 바탕으로 하여 렘수면행동장애가 진단된 이들로 하였다. 이차적인 사건수면 및 렘수면행동장애를 배제하기 위하여 기면병이 진단되었거나, 알츠하이머 치매로 진료 중이거나, 신체검사에서 파킨슨 증후군으로 판단되는 경우는 제외하였다.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: Stratigraphic position and natural environment of the oldest Central Podolia, Ukraine: New data from the site. Quaternary International, 326-327, 191-212. DOI:10. 1016/j. quaint. 2013. 08. 045 Yastremska Tetiana, PhD in Philology Senior Researcher, for Research, I. of Ukrainian Studies, of Sciences of Ukraine (4, 79026 Lviv, Ukraine)tetyana. yastremska@gmail. com Ястремська, Т. Традиційне гуцульське пастухування. Львів: Інститут українознавства ім. І. Крип’якевича НАНУ, 2008. 424 с. 2. Хобзей, Н. , Ястремська, Т. , Сімович, К. , Дидик-Меуш, Г. Гуцульські світи. Лексикон. Львів: Інститут українознавства ім. І. Крип’якевича НАНУ, 2013. 667 с. 3. Yastremska T. The lexeme верх: its phonetic and semantic features, and derivative resources in south-western dialects of Ukrainian. LingVaria. (2015). №1(19). S. 221–239 (Index Copernicus). doi: 10. 12797/LV. 10. 2015. 19. 154. Ястремська, Т.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Smart cities use IoT sensors and data analytics to improve infrastructure, transportation, and energy management. [SEP] Text: Skip to main content SearchAll contentIET journalsBooksConferencesanywhereEnter words/phrases/anywhereEnter words/phrases/anywhereEnter words/phrases/anywhereEnter words/phrases/DOIsearchCitation search 0 Login | Non-member main navigation& magazinesin Smart Cities: From sensors to big data, security and trust IoT Technologies in Smart Cities: From sensors to big data, security and trustEditors: Fadi AI-Turjman; Published in2020 260pagesISBN: 978-1-78561-869-7e-ISBN: 978-1-78561-870-3 ToolsAdd to favourites Create book email alert Copyrights and PermissionsExport 10. 1049/PBCE128E_fm Full text PDF Access control approaches for smart cities p. 1–40 (40) the world population grows along with increase in urbanization, cities are getting more and more populated and increasing demands on various natural and man-made resources. Making cities smart through the appropriate application of the plethora of innovative new technologies and paradigms would help mollify potential environmental problems/constraints in such cities. Besides their significance in solving environmental problems, smart cities also aim to improve citizen's quality of life and efficiency of public services by optimizing the costs and resources involved. Smart city applications are founded on various enabling technologies and processes related to communication and networking, real-time control and big data analytics, to name a few. These constituents of a smart city infrastructure need to be integrated appropriately and seamlessly for provisioning efficient services to citizens. Each enabling technology has its own unique properties. The interplay and interaction among smart city constituents and their unique properties raise unique security and privacy challenges. In this 10. 1049/PBCE128E_ch2 smart city uses various technologies to make the lives more easy and simple fulfilling the demands of the increasing population. Internet of Things (IoT) plays a major role in making the city smart. It takes the required input and helps to make the things associated with it smart. Some of the smart operations include water and energy management which is becoming scarce. The system can be deployed in the cities to make things work and save future resources. A smart city can be empowered to increase the quality of life of the people and improve the environment to sustain for a long time.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 대조군은 병력에서 사건수면이 없으며, 코골이 및 무호흡을 주 증상으로 방문하여 수면다원검사에서 시간당 무호흡-저호흡지수가 30/hr 미만으로 확인된 경우로 하였다. 대조군 역시 기면병이 진단되었거나, 알츠하이머 치매로 진료 중이거나, 신체검사에서 파킨슨증후군으로 판단되는 경우는 제외하였다.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: Епідигматичний діалектний словник: ідея, концепція, засади. Діалектологічні студії. 11. Слово – словник – корпус. Львів: Інститут українознавства ім. І. Крип’якевича НАНУ, 2018. С. 273–301. and scope The interdisciplinary journal brings together studies in history, linguistics and literary studies. The historical block is represented by studies of current problems of history, as well as researches about outstanding persons and their importance in the formation of Ukrainian statehood. Linguistic studies primarily exposes the problems of Ukrainian language history and dialectology. Literary studies focus on analyzing writers' works in the context of world history and culture. Sections: issues of Ukrainian history Iportant dates (ZUNR 100th Anniversary) Military history Indexed; of manuscripts by the editors of the collection is carried out to maintain high scientific and theoretical level of publication. The collection has two-sided anonymous reviewing system: - personal data of the author (authors) is not disclosed to reviewer; - personal data of reviewer is not disclosed to author (authors). Publications are primarily controlled to verify correctness of their technical design according to requirements of the collection. The primary expertise is carried out by chief editor and members of the editorial staff. All 64. exe?

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Smart cities use IoT sensors and data analytics to improve infrastructure, transportation, and energy management. [SEP] Text: Implementing a smart city with IoT and connected technology helps enhance the quality, performance and interactivity of urban services, optimize resources and reduce costs. The 10. 1049/PBCE128E_ch3 10. 1049/PBCE128E_ch4 in sensor network have evolved rapidly in recent years, and devices are smart enough to build and manage their network and route optimization referred to as Internet of Things (IoT). Numerous IoT operating systems (OSs) are developed for resource-constrained IoT devices. Contiki IoT OS is a widely used IoT OS by researchers and practitioners. Contiki-OS Cooja emulator is recognized as one of the favourite tools of researchers for running large-scale simulations and observing the results before the real-time deployment. Cooja generates execution logs for all the activities of the network simulation. However, there are no tools or programs available to summarize and analyse the big log files generated by Cooja. This slows down the research pace for complex network scenarios and makes it difficult to compare with existing bench marks and research work. In order to help researchers, an evaluation tool which gathers information, analyses and develops simulation log results is required. It provides detailed individual mote statistics as well as complete IoT network statistics. In this 10. 1049/PBCE128E_ch5 of Things (IoT) is an idea according to which uniquely identifiable gadgets can directly or indirectly assemble, process or transfer data via the quick electrical installation (KNX) or a computer network. With the advent of IoT, there were also fears that IoT is growing too fast, without due consideration of the significant security challenges and regulatory changes that may be necessary. This 802. 15. 4 standard were analysed. Significant attention was also paid to the technical guidelines that enable secure transmission of information between selected IoT mesh points. The safety of implementing the mesh IoT network has been analysed in detail. Finally, the security aspects of different systems were compared. Design of smart urban drainage systems using evolutionary decision tree model p. 131–149 (19) as an alternative method for monitoring of drainage systems, Internet of Things (IoT) technology is initiated in smart cities. IoT is used for detection of the location of the sediment deposition within the drainage pipe system to alert for repairing before complete blocking.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 또한 수면다원검사 시 비디오 모니터링을 통해서 수면 중 나타나는 신체 움직임에 대해서도 기록하였다. 수면다원검사의 결과 분석은 미국수면학회의 평가 기준에 따라 실시하였다. 렘수면무긴장소실 렘수면무긴장소실은 렘수면 시 나타나는 긴장성 움직임(tonic activity)은 턱근전도에서 위상성 움직임(phasic activity)은 턱근전도 및 하지근전도에서 평가하였다[13].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: Z21ID=&I21DBN=UJRN&P21DBN=UJRN&S21STN=1&S21REF=10&S21FMT=juu_all&C21COM=S&S21CNR=20&S21P01=0&S21P02=0&S21P03=PREF=&S21=0&S21STR=Database. Library of Ukraine Copyright notice The authors published in this journal agree with following conditions: 1. The authors reserve to themselves the right to the authorship of their works and transfer the right of their first publication to the journal on the terms of Creatіve Common Attrіbutіon Lіcense which allows to freely extend to other persons the published work with an obligatory reference to the authors of the original work and its first publication in this journal. 2. The authors have the right to complete independent additional agreements concerning the not exclusive distribution of their work in the form in which it was published in this journal (for example, to place the work in the electronic storehouse of an establishment or to publish as a monograph component), under the condition of the preservation of the reference to the first publication of the work in this journal. 3. The journal’s policy allows and encourage the authors to place their manuscripts into the Internet (for example, in depositories of establishments or on personal web-sites) either before submitting of the manuscript for publication or during its editorial processing as it assists the occurrence of a productive scientific discussion and positively affects the efficiency and dynamics of citing of the published work. License agreement Цей твір ліцензовано на умовах Ліцензії Із Зазначенням Авторства — Некомерційна — Без Похідних 4. 0 Міжнародна. of 1.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Smart cities use IoT sensors and data analytics to improve infrastructure, transportation, and energy management. [SEP] Text: However, from the hydraulic point of view, it is reasonable to design the drainage and sewer pipes to prevent the deposition of the sediment based on the physical parameters. To this end, instead of detection of blockage location, monitoring the flow characteristics is of more importance to keep pipe bottom clean from sediment deposition. Accordingly, smart sensors mounted in the drainage and sewer pipes should read the flow velocity and alert once the flow reaches a velocity in which sediment deposition is occurred. In order to determine the sediment deposition velocity, this study models sediment transport in drainage systems by means of evolutionary decision tree (EDT) technique. EDT results are compared with conventional decision tree (DT) and evolutionary genetic programming (GP) techniques. A large number of experimental data covering wide ranges of sediment and pipe size were used for the modeling. Evaluation of the developed models in terms of verity of statistical indices showed the outperformance of the proposed EDT model. and GP models were found superior to their traditional corresponding regression models existing in the literature. Results are helpful for determination of the flow characteristics at sediment deposition condition in drainage systems maintained using IoT technology in smart cities. Statistical analysis for sensory E-Health applications: opportunities and challenges ıran p. 151–169 (19) population of people whose ages are over 60 is expected to be more than double by 2050. As they live alone or without any healthcare professional, it is a complicated job to understand emergency situations or mild symptoms of diseases. On the other hand, smart home environments offer an unrivalled opportunity to collect data for monitoring to understand human behaviours so that healthcare institutions intervene such cases. Furthermore, thanks to the availability of large smart home data sets on the Internet with different features such as different number of residents, house plans and different use cases (activities of daily living (ADL), work activities), it is possible to work on different aspects in this area. Hence, forthcoming smart cities can highly benefit from those electronic health (E-Health) systems to enhance Living (AAL). This 10. 1049/PBCE128E_ch8 city is an emerging concept whose main goal is to improve the quality of life of its citizens by leveraging Information and (ICTs) as the key medium. In this context, smart city healthcare can play a pivotal role toward the improvement of citizens' quality of life, since it can allow citizens to be provided with personalized e-health services, without limitations on time and location.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 렘수면무긴장소실의 정량적 비교 수면다원검사에서 확인된 렘수면무긴장소실의 정도는 짝짓기 이후 렘수면행동장애군에서는 중위값이 16. 5%(평균±표준편차, 20. 8±16. 5), 대조군에서는 6. 3%(평균±표준편차, 6. 0±3. 6)를 보여 두 군에서 유의한 차이를 보이고 있었다. 또한 긴장성 움직임 및 위상성 움직임에서도 렘수면행동장애군과 대조군은 유의한 차이를 보이고 있었다(Table 3).

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: The authors reserve to themselves the right to the authorship of their works and transfer the right of their first publication to the journal on the terms of Creatіve Common Attrіbutіon Lіcense which allows to freely extend to other persons the published work with an obligatory reference to the authors of the original work and its first publication in this journal. 2. The authors have the right to complete independent additional agreements concerning the not exclusive distribution of their work in the form in which it was published in this journal (for example, to place the work in the electronic storehouse of an establishment or to publish as a monograph component), under the condition of the preservation of the reference to the first publication of the work in this journal. 3. The journal’s policy allows and encourage the authors to place their manuscripts into the Internet (for example, in depositories of establishments or on personal web-sites) either before submitting of the manuscript for publication or during its editorial processing as it assists the occurrence of a productive scientific discussion and positively affects the efficiency and dynamics of citing of the published work. Privacy statement This journal realizes a policy of an immediate open access to the published content, supporting the principles of a free distribution of scientific information and a global exchange of knowledge for the sake of the common public progress. Sponsorship I. of Ukrainian Studies, of Sciences of issue Україна: культурна спадщина, національна свідомість, державність. Вип. 39. DOI журналу : 10. 33402/ukr. 2024DOI випуску: 10. 33402/ukr. 2024-39Україна: культурна спадщина, національна свідомість, державність гол. ред.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Smart cities use IoT sensors and data analytics to improve infrastructure, transportation, and energy management. [SEP] Text: In smart city healthcare, medical Internet of Things (IoT) devices constitute a key underlying technology for providing personalized e-health services to smart city patients. However, despite the significant advantages that IoT medical device technology brings into smart city healthcare, medical IoT devices are vulnerable to various types of cybersecurity threats and thus, they pose a significant risk to smart city patient safety. Based on that and the fact that the security is a critical factor for the success of smart city healthcare services, novel security mechanisms against cyberattacks of today and tomorrow on IoT medical devices are required. Toward this direction, the first step is the comprehensive understanding of the existing cybersecurity attacks on IoT medical devices. Thus, in this 10. 1049/PBCE128E_ch9 802. 11ah working group (WG) introduced Wi-Fi HaLow (or simply HaLow which is a marketing name of Wi-Fi for low-power devices) as a revision of the long-range Wi-Fi technology for the Internet of Things (IoT) applications in smart cities. Such applications often involve thousands of wireless devices (typically sensors and actuators) connected to a shared wireless channel. Channel access for these thousands of IoT devices significantly affects the performance of the network. Several mechanisms have been proposed to register thousands of low-power sensors and actuators by handling the contention between them. Two of which known as the centralized authentication control (CAC) and the distributed authentication control (DAC), aimed to address the contention reduction during the link set-up process in HaLow. In HaLow, a link set-up process requires much more interests from the researchers because the access point (AP) knows nothing about the connected devices and the mean of control at these stations is very limited. DAC is a self-adaptive device authentication mechanism, whereas CAC requires an algorithm to dynamically control critical parameters, such as transmission slots and channel access period. However, the existing IoT devices registration mechanism in HaLow is based on carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA), which is not very efficient for the registration of large-scale IoT devices due to its limited binary exponential contention mechanism. In this 10. 1049/PBCE128E_ch10 of Things (IoT) applications with low-power sensor motes are becoming more and more popular. Environment monitoring and disaster surveillance applications make use of low-power sensors.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 고 찰 본 연구는 렘수면행동장애의 진단 기준 중 하나인 렘수면무긴장소실을 정량화하고, 렘수면무긴장소실의 판정 기준값을 평가하기 위하여 실시되었다. 렘수면행동장애군의 렘수면무긴장소실 에포크 비율 중위값은 16. 5%(사분위 간 범위, 8. 8~24. 6; 평균±표준편차, 20. 8±16. 5)였으며, 렘수면행동장애 진단을 위한 판정 기준값은 8. 0%(곡선 아래 면적 0. 837, 민감도 78. 5%, 특이도 85. 7%)였다.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: Ігор Соляр, заст. гол. ред. Михайло Романюк; НАН України, Інститут українознавства ім. І. Крип’якевича. Львів, 2024. Вип. 39. 328 с. Збірник об’єднує студії з історії, археології, мовознавства та літературознавства. Статті історичного блоку розкривають актуальні проблеми історії, етнології та археології від найдавніших часів до сьогодення. Дослідницьку увагу також зосереджено на постатях С. Гайдучка, Я.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: AI is helping urban planners optimize traffic flow and reduce congestion in major cities. [SEP] Text: Published by December 31, 2018 Purchase 10. 1515/phys-2018-0129 Download 07. 05. Tp; 07. 05. Rm; 06. 30. Ft1 IntroductionIncidental congestion refers to the congestion caused by traffic accidents and emergency events on the road. The duration of incidental congestion has a large impact on traffic flow. Herein urban road traffic flow control is studied under incidental congestion as a function of accident duration. The findings can lead to improvement of operational efficiency in traffic flow [1, 2]. Among relevant studies, Zhang et al. [3] considered velocity as the major variable along with traffic flow and rate of passage during modeling. Tang and Huang [4] introduced time as another control variable into the swallowtail catastrophe model, which was used for traffic flow prediction. Ao et al. [5] considered mixed motorized traffic flow, and took the average velocity as a state variable and the mixed rate of large vehicles and traffic flow as control variables, and built the cusp catastrophe model. Hu et al. [6] introduced time as another control variable on this basis and built the swallowtail catastrophe model to analyze traffic flow congestion. Although the above studies on urban road traffic flow control generally produced realistic findings, the studies only considered single-lane situations. Under the actual multi-lane situation, the traffic capacity of different lanes varies as well [7] and the duration of accidents has a considerable impact on traffic flow. This paper considers a multi-lane situation in urban roads and discusses traffic flow control problems under incidental congestion. The number of passable lanes will decrease once incidental congestion occurs, the actual traffic capacity of different lanes varies, and the traffic density increases. In addition, accident duration has an impact on traffic flow. In this study the occupancy rate of traffic volume in carrying capacity of the road is taken as a state variable. The variation rate of traffic flow and change in the rate of passage are examined as dynamic indicators. The swallowtail catastrophe model for traffic flow under incidental congestion is built. The critical state of traffic congestion under incidental congestion is analyzed by using this model. Finally, the traffic flow control scheme is proposed with the goal of maximizing the traffic capacity. 2 Catastrophe theorymathematician, Thom, first described catastrophe theory in his book and Morphogenesis. Catastrophe theory usually consists of two parameters (state and control variables). The number of control variables determines the state of the system.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 기존 연구들에서 렘수면무긴장소실 판정 기준값은 다양하게 제시되고 있다. 국외의 연구 중 17명의 렘수면행동장애군과 6명의 대조군을 대상으로 한 연구에서는 10% 이상의 렘수면무긴장소실을 적절한 판정 기준값으로 제시하였다[17]. 또한 80명의 렘수면행동장애와 80명의 대조군을 비교한 연구에서는 턱근전도에서 긴장성 움직임이 30% 이상인 경우를 판정 기준값으로 했을 때 민감도 73. 8%, 특이도 90.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: Стецька, діяльність яких є важливою для сприйняття та розуміння історії України. Вшановано ювілей відомого історика, фахівця з історії Польщі та українсько-польських відносин проф. В. Комара. Лінгвістичні студії репрезентують аналіз мовних явищ XV–XVIII ст. , проблеми історичної лексикографії та ономастики. Дослідження з літературознавства зосереджено навколо аналізу творчості А. Франко-Ключко, доньки I.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: AI is helping urban planners optimize traffic flow and reduce congestion in major cities. [SEP] Text: The catastrophe theory attempts to identify the catastrophe occurring in the system by looking for the critical points of potential functions. Depending on the number of state and control variables, the catastrophe model has 7 different forms, including cusp and swallowtail. Based on an analysis of index and state variables, modeling was conducted using the catastrophe function. With the theoretical model of evolution thus formed, the features of the system were investigated and the rules of catastrophe in the system were understood in theory. This model can aid the prevention of a catastrophe by predicting the time, location, and consequence of the catastrophe. Catastrophe phenomena occurs in the urban road traffic system under incidental congestion. The catastrophe theory can characterize the changes in the system caused by different parameters. This study chose the swallowtail catastrophe model to analyze the critical state of congestion upon the occurrence of catastrophe (incidental congestion) in an urban road system. A scheme for traffic flow control under this condition is proposed. 3 State and control variables of the urban road traffic system under incidental congestionThe occupancy rate of traffic volume and the carrying capacity of the road is a state variable, denoted as η(t):(1)η(t)=X(t)Y(t)×100%where X(t) is the traffic flow of the system and Y(t) is the carrying capacity of the road. Variation in the traffic flow rate, variation in the residual traffic capacity of the lane, and time-variation are the control variables. Variation in traffic density is a control variable of the traffic system. According to Greenshields velocity function, the mathematical expressions involving velocity u(t), traffic flow V(t), and density K(t) are u(t) = aK(t) + b and V(t) = K(t)u(t) = aK(t)2 + bK(t), where a and b are coefficients obtained by regression analysis. Because the traffic flow is linearly related to velocity, the traffic flow rate is measured by traffic density. Thus, the variation in traffic flow is M (t):(2)M(t)=V(i)−V(t)V(i)×100%where V(i) is the traffic flow rate at the moment of the catastrophe; V(t) is the traffic flow rate at time t, and V(t) = aK(t)2 + bK(t).

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 0%를 보였고, 턱근전도에서 위상성 움직임을 15% 이상으로 하였을 때는 민감도 80. 0%, 특이도 87. 5%로 보고하였다[18]. 렘수면행동장애와 기면병 및 대조군을 대상으로 실시한 연구에서는 렘수면행동장애와 대조군을 분류하는 판정 기준값으로 턱근전도에서 긴장성 움직임이 3. 17% 이상인 경우 민감도 87. 0%, 특이도 100. 0%로 보고하였고, 턱근전도에서 위상성 움직임을 1. 22% 이상을 기준으로 하였을 때 민감도 100. 0%, 특이도 100. 0%로 보고하였다.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: Франка, спогадів-есеїв нашого сучасника В. Неборака, а також репрезентовано маловідомі сторінки життя і творчості німецькомовного єврейського поета і перекладача з Буковини П. Целана. «Огляди та рецензії» презентують філологічні книжкові новинки, запрошуючи до читання та дискусій. Оголошення: Усі оголошення Новини: 3 жовтня 2024 р. в Інституті українознавства ім. І.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: AI is helping urban planners optimize traffic flow and reduce congestion in major cities. [SEP] Text: 4 MultimodalityUnder the action of different conditions and factors, the system will exhibit different states. Within the range of the model there are usually two unequal corresponding state variables. The potential function may have two or more minima. With respect to traffic flow, either unobstructed traffic flow or traffic congestion may correspond to the minima. This feature represents the multimodality of a swallowtail catastrophe. 5. 2. 5 InaccessibilityA system has an unstable equilibrium position. When the system jumps from one stable state to another stable state, a catastrophe occurs. It is impossible for an actual system to directly cross over an unstable equilibrium position. As the state of traffic flow evolves from stable to catastrophe, there is no intermediate state. Thus, the intermediate state is inaccessible. 6 Urban road traffic flow control scheme under incidental congestionThe duration of a traffic accident consists of the time to discover the accident. Following an accident, the responsible driver will report to the traffic administrative department. If the message is transmitted accurately and in a timely, the time to discover the accident is designated as zero time [15], which is followed by the time to respond to the accident, time to clear the accident, and time to restore normal traffic. The fourth stage is the restoration of traffic flow and disappearance of congestion after handling the traffic accident. Traffic congestion is closely related to the accident. More importantly, the scale, nature, and time of the traffic accident and traffic flow are uncontrollable variables. The duration of the traffic accident can be reduced by increasing the efficiency of the traffic accident response and handling [1617, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34]. The principle of traffic flow control is to determine the state of traffic flow based on the catastrophe model and to control catastrophe in traffic flow. The values of the three control variables can be obtained from relevant data and the region of the bifurcation set where the traffic flow is located can be determined. By analyzing the properties of sets in different regions, we can gain a thorough understanding of the stability of the entire system and the influence of different variables on the system. Unfavorable changes can be avoided by taking countermeasures against the inducing factors to reduce system risk and to make the system more stable. The catastrophe model, as described above, can aid the response and handling of the traffic accidents.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 렘수면행동장애로 진단된 31명과 연령을 맞춘 31명의 대조군을 대상으로 실시한 연구에서는 렘수면무긴장소실의 분포가 렘수면행동장애군은 5. 2~38. 2%였으며, 대조군의 경우 0. 0~2. 3%를 보이고 있어 렘수면무긴장소실이 5% 이상일 때 진단 기준으로 고려해 볼 수 있다는 의견을 제시하였다[14].

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: Крип’якевича НАН України відбувся науковий семінар «Російська національна ідея як чинник державотворення в Росії: історіософський аналіз» 3 жовтня 2024 р. в Інституті українознавства ім. І.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: AI is helping urban planners optimize traffic flow and reduce congestion in major cities. [SEP] Text: The goal is to maximize the traffic capacity following the incidental accidents. Region II of the bifurcation set corresponds to the most unstable traffic flow. If the traffic flow system is located in region II, a catastrophe will occur regardless of the direction of change in the system. To control the urban road traffic flow under incidental congestion, it is necessary to determine the system state from the model, then decide on the possible measures to maintain a desired state. Apparently, if the system is currently congested, it is necessary to take certain measures to reverse the unfavorable state. If the traffic flow is unobstructed, specific measures can be taken to maintain the system in the current region of the bifurcation set to a prevent catastrophe, so as to achieve the maximum traffic capacity. When there is no incidental congestion, changing the traffic capacity must be realized by changing the system variables. This is important for keeping the traffic flow unobstructed and for avoiding catastrophe, congestion, and traffic accidents. If the points do not cross over the bifurcation set and are maintained in the original region, the system will not undergo a catastrophe. Alternatively, the system can be made to evolve from the region of potential catastrophe to the more stable and safer region to prevent a catastrophe. When there is incidental congestion and the traffic flow catastrophe has already occurred, the control variables can be changed to enter the bifurcation set. The traffic flow system will be made to evolve towards the direction of a catastrophe to facilitate the catastrophe. After a traffic accident, measures should be immediately taken to handle the accident, control the traffic flow rate, and ensure the diversion of the traffic flow. During the peak traffic hours, some coercive measures should be taken to maintain an unobstructed traffic flow. Once the traffic accident occurs, the emergency response plan must be activated immediately. The nature, features, and scope of the accident are determined, and effective measures are taken to ensure normal traffic flow. 7 Case studyAccording to 2012 Design Code, the design velocity of this road section is 60 km/ h, and the design traffic capacity is 1400 pcu/h. The correction coefficients of traffic capacity of the 3 lanes are 2. 6, and the design traffic capacity of this road section is 3640 pcu/ h. 8 Conclusions and outlookConsidering the influence of accident duration on traffic flow, the problem of urban road traffic flow control under incidental congestion is discussed.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 그러나 컴퓨터를 이용한 방법도 각 연구자마다 렘수면무긴장소실 평가에 대한 알고리듬의 차이가 있어 임상에서 실제 사용되기 전 타당화 연구가 더 필요하다[23]. 본 연구의 제한점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 렘수면무긴장소실 평가 시 양측 상지근전도를 추가해서 평가하지 않았다.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: Крип’якевича НАН України відбувся науковий семінар «Російська національна ідея як чинник державотворення в Росії: історіософський аналіз», приурочений до 70-ліття колишнього працівника Інституту, кандидата філософських наук Миколи Васильовича Сергеєва. 1 жовтня 2024 року в Інституті українознавства ім. І.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Many smart cities use data from connected devices to improve public safety and emergency response times. [SEP] Text: the development of urbanization, urban public safety is becoming more and more important. Urban public safety is not only the foundation of urban development, but also the basic guarantee for the stability of citizens’ lives. In the context of today’s artificial intelligence (AI), the concept of smart cities is constantly being practiced. Urban public safety has also ushered in some new problems and challenges. To this end, this 16. 1% higher than that of the traditional NN model. The average risk warning accuracy rate of the BPNN model was 90. 3%, which was 16. 5% higher than that of the traditional NN model. This shows that the BPNN model using AI technology in this 4. 2 this 4. 3 the test results of the BPNN model and the traditional NN model are compared, and the effect is more obvious. 2 Related work Urban public safety is the basic guarantee for people to live and work in peace and contentment. Regarding the management of urban public safety, some scholars have conducted related research. Among them, proposed an urban public safety application of a multi-sensor imaging system, that is, an artificial intelligence (AI)-based target detection smart device subsystem, which could be used to activate target tracking [1]. Arbuckle used communication technology to warn the public of imminent fire and evacuation orders, which was beneficial to maintain urban public safety [2]. Paul developed an urban security communication system to make city management smarter and people’s lives safer [3]. Oliveira and Santos investigated the factors affecting the acceptance of information disclosure in public safety in the context of smart cities [4]. Although the aforementioned studies have promoted the construction of urban public safety to a certain extent, most of them are based on theoretical foundations. There are few specific application and implementation methods. Therefore, further research is needed. To this end, some scholars proposed to use AI technology to manage the data resources of smart city public safety. Among them, Wu et al. proposed an AI-based framework for efficient resource management in mobile multi-user radio frequency-optical heterogeneous networks [5]. Lin and Zhao reviewed the state-of-the-art AI resource management from a framework perspective to a methodological perspective, considering not only radio resource management but also many other types of resources [6].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 양측 상지근전도를 추가해서 평가하는 경우 렘수면무긴장소실을 보다 정확히 평가할 수 있다고 알려져 있고, 이는 렘수면무긴장소실의 정량화 결과값에 영향을 미칠 수도 있다[1]. 향후 연구에서는 양측 상지근전도 추가 전후에 렘수면무긴장소실의 정도 차이에 대한 평가도 필요하다. 둘째, 본 연구는 단면 연구이며 수면다원검사 시 사건수면을 보이지 않았던 이들을 대조군으로 포함하였다.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: Крип’якевича НАН України пройшли традиційні Наукові читання імені академіка Івана Крип’якевича Співорганізаторами заходу виступили Західний науковий центр НАН та МОН України, Наукове товариство імені Шевченка, Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка, Львівська національна наукова бібліотека імені В. Стефаника.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Many smart cities use data from connected devices to improve public safety and emergency response times. [SEP] Text: Qi and Yao proposed that the key exploration tools of AI and machine learning could be used in hardware accelerators, which could be used in urban emergency safety rescue and other aspects [7]. These methods have strong practicability and can implement the theory into specific applications, but the cost of these methods is high. The practical application is not mature enough. Therefore, further improvement is required. 3 Smart city public safety management model 3. 1 Smart city In recent years, the intelligent construction of cities has been deepening. There is also an increasing amount of research on smart cities. The concept of a smart city is shown in Figure 1. A smart city is a city that has the human brain for self-thinking and judgment, and it is also a city that is fully digitalized, networked, and informatized. Smart cities include municipal, education, health, real estate, transportation, public utilities, and public safety, which are more interconnected, efficient, and smart. It provides citizens with better life and work services and creates a more favorable business development environment for enterprises. It also enables the government to operate and manage more efficiently. With the popularization of the concept of “smart,” the construction of smart cities in some areas has achieved initial results. People’s living standards have been improved. Managers’ grasp of management information has become more and more accurate, and enterprises have also found business opportunities from it. Figure 1Schematic diagram of a smart city. However, scholars have different views on the basic issue of “smart city. ” In the research on smart cities, people mainly define and recognize smart cities from the aspects of technology and economy. From a technical point of view, a smart city is to use scientific and reasonable information technology and communication technology to give full play to the role of the network to narrow the digital divide and achieve information sharing. The social risk assessment of participatory smart city construction is used to make decision-making subjects more scientific and rational in the management of cities and environment. At the same time, the scientific distribution and utilization of human capital, social capital, and natural resources are promoted [8,9]. From the perspective of urban strategy, a smart city is a planned and systematic investment in new information and communication technologies to achieve social prosperity and stability. The informatization of smart cities is a concrete manifestation of promoting urbanization.

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 둘째, 렘수면무긴장소실 정량화 시 평가자 간의 일치도를 확인하고 평가를 진행하였다. 셋째, 렘수면행동장애 진단을 위한 렘수면무긴장소실의 정량적 수치에 대한 일치된 의견이 없는 상황에서 본 연구를 통하여 이에 대한 결과를 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 렘수면행동장애군은 대조군에 비하여 렘수면무긴장소실이 유의하게 증가되어 있었고, 렘수면행동장애 진단을 위한 렘수면무긴장소실 판정 기준값은 8.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: AI채팅 사용 권한이 필요해요 저는 소속기관 학교가 있어요 저는 개인 이용자예요 개인구독권을 구매할래요 내서재에 추가 되었습니다. 로그인 하지 않으면 내서재 담기가 취소됩니다. 내서재에서 확인하시겠습니까? 다시 보지 않기 취소 확인 내서재에 추가 되었습니다. 로그인 하지 않으면 내서재 담기가 취소됩니다. 내서재에서 확인하시겠습니까?

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Many smart cities use data from connected devices to improve public safety and emergency response times. [SEP] Text: Its essence is to develop in a new way, in a new form, and in a new way in a specific time and space [10]. According to relevant research on smart cities, it is easy to find that there is a certain relationship between smart cities and concepts such as smart cities, digital cities, ecological cities, and sustainable cities. The construction of smart cities is an important link in the penetration of information technology into various fields. The biggest difference between two smart cities is that its core smart city lies in the “intelligence of things. ” Smart cities emphasize the application of smart services and smart technologies. Smart cities emphasize the idea of putting people first [11,12]. A digital city is an extension of the digital earth. The development of geographic information system has played a role in promoting the development of digital earth. Smart cities play an important role in the development of digital cities. A digital city is a form of city that combines the virtual and the real with the Internet as the carrier. Eco-city is a low-carbon energy city characterized by the development and recycling of clean energy. On the premise of meeting the needs of ecological capabilities, smart cities and eco-cities have similarities at the technical level. However, there are big differences in the specific implementation. Smart cities improve comprehensive decision-making and emergency response capabilities through the use of traditional environmental protection technologies and real-time monitoring of the environment through smart devices. A smart city is an emerging city. It is produced along with the sustainable development of cities [13,14]. Sustainable development is a basic need for urban development. Its implementation is also varied. The core of a smart city is to use modern information technology to optimize the urban environment, so as to achieve the sustainable development of the city. Generally speaking, smart cities are increasingly people-oriented and focus on serving the people and protecting the environment, which is an advanced urban management method proposed in the past [15]. Current specific applications of smart cities include smart healthcare, smart transportation, smart education, and smart factories, as shown in Figure 2. In smart medical care, AI robots are used for diagnosis and mechanical treatment. In smart transportation, intelligent traffic analysis and navigation are used. In smart education, remote classroom teaching and online assignments are intelligently corrected. In smart factories, intelligent robots are used to automate production and supervision [16].

Output: corroborate


Input: Claim: Wearable sleep monitors can diagnose any sleep disorder without medical intervention. [SEP] Text: 7–4. 7) <0. 001 12. 0 (5. 0–20. 1) 4. 0 (1. 3–4. 9) 0. 001 12. 5±9. 6 3. 6±2. 6 14. 2±10. 4 3. 8±3. 1 Phasic activity*, % 4. 4 (2. 4–9. 9) 2. 2 (1. 6–3. 2) 0. 017 3. 8 (2. 3–9. 5) 2. 0 (1. 5–3. 5) 0. 039 6. 5±7. 0 2. 5±1. 1 6. 7±7. 9 2. 3±1. 3 RSWA*, % 14. 8 (9. 6–23. 0) 5. 7 (4. 1–7. 2) <0. 001 16. 5 (8. 8–24. 6) 6. 3 (4. 1–7. 2) 0. 001 19. 0±14. 9 5. 9±2. 8 20. 8±16. 5 6. 0±3. 6 * variables are analyzed by Mann–test and shown as a median (interquartile range). RSWA: REM sleep without atonia, RBD: REM sleep behavior disorder, REM: rapid eye movement, PSM: propensity score matching 1. Sateia MJ. International classification of sleep disorders-third edition:highlights and modifications. Chest 2014;146:1387-1394. 2. . The atonia and myoclonia of active (REM) sleep. Psychol 1990;41:557-584. 3. . Chronic behavioral disorders of human REM sleep: a new category of parasomnia. Sleep 1986;9:293-308. 4. . Violent behavior during sleep. J 1997;58:369-376. quiz 377. 5. Sleep-related injury in the elderly-an epidemiological study in Hong Kong. Sleep 2000;23:513-517. 6. . Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder: a review of the literature and update on current concepts. Chest 2017;152:650-662. 7. body disease in a patient with REM sleep behavior disorder. Neurology 1995;45:709-712. 8. Pathophysiology of REM sleep behaviour disorder and relevance to neurodegenerative disease.

Output: contrast


Input: Claim: Language can serve as a marker of identity and cultural heritage. [SEP] Text: 다시 보지 않기 확인 다시 보지 않기 닫기 로그인 외부링크는 다양한 논문 검색 결과를 제공해 드리기 위하여 다른 외부 사이트와 연결해 주는 부가 서비스이며, 이용을 위해서는 개인 로그인이 필요합니다. 아이디 비밀번호 Caps Lock이 켜져 있습니다 로그인 상태 유지 아이디 저장 로그인 상태가 2주간 유지됩니다. 개인정보 보호를 위해 개인 기기에서만 이용해주세요.

Output: pass


Input: Claim: Biophilic design incorporates natural elements, such as plants and water features, into buildings to improve well-being. [SEP] Text: -19 PreprintsProtocolsVideosJournalsTools & a 10. 21203/rs. 3. rs-4402600/v1This work is licensed under a CC BY 4. 0 LicenseStatus:PostedVersion 1posted You are reading this latest preprint versionAbstractThis paper investigates the relationship between certified green buildings and biophilic design principles, aiming to assess how biophilic design aligns with (GBRTs). To achieve this, three widely used GBRTs (and LBC) are compared to the which has best adopted biophilic design patterns. The research team conducted a thorough review of available crosswalks and alignment documents, using WELL as a benchmark against the other three GBRTs. They identified overlapping equivalency levels of the seven concepts of WELL and their related 100 features, assigning weighted scores accordingly. The findings reveal both opportunities and challenges in the alignment between WELL and other GBRTs. While partial equivalency is possible, achieving full compliance is unlikely due to the extensive scientific basis of WELL features requiring further testing and analysis. LEED stands out with the largest share of equivalent features, covering 59% of the total, indicating full compliance, while scored 36% for equivalent features. However, LBC performed differently, with only 8% of features deemed equivalent due to its reliance on actual performance rather than prescriptive measures observed in LEED and. This 61. the population continues to urbanize, humans’ disconnection with nature augments, leading to a negative impact on mental and physical health. Life with and after Covid-19 provides an opportunity for re-evaluation and re-shaping of the built environment. New insights about human, nature and built environment relationships can promote health and wellness —crucially needed than it has been before. (GBRTs) have grown in popularity in the last few decades, attracting both the building industry and construction interest in sustainability. These tools, though effective in minimizing the environmental impacts of buildings, show disparities in their use, particularly to recognize the health and well-being of the occupants. incorporates “biophilia” into green building rating tools. Biophilia —love of life and living systems—is a concept introduced in the 1980s by Edward O. Wilson avowing that humans have an innate connection with nature. uses this holistic approach to improve spaces where we live and work to promote health and wellness [1], [2].

Output: corroborate