leading cause of child mortality in ethiopia
2005. However, our intent was to describe maternal mortality at the local level in the Kersa HDSS. 2002;29(4):103–8. However, a larger proportion (84.6%) of the mothers at same time received treatment at government clinics during the course of the health condition that led to their death. Global J Med Public Health. Cite this article. WHO. For fever as an outcome variable, 0–11 months aged children, 12–23 months aged children, children of never in union mother, children of separated mother, non-breastfed children, husband with a lower education, mothers paid employment, Benishangul, Somali and Tigray were significantly associated with higher odds of fever. According to the country's 2014 population projection, the district has an estimated total population of 205,628. Am J Trop Med Hyg. Lancet. Berhan Y, Berhan A. The findings and conclusions in this report are of the authors and not the funders. High maternal mortality in rural south-west Ethiopia: estimate by using the sisterhood method. The data that support the findings of this study are available by requesting Kersa HDSS, Haramaya University. Out of the total number of reproductive aged women (34,101) during the study period, there were a total of 311 deaths. Alebel A, Tesema C, Temesgen B, Gebrie A, Petrucka P, Kibret GD. Pneumonia was the cause of death of one-in-seven of them. © 2021 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. In addition, there is a paucity of information with regards to the local level magnitude and causes of maternal mortality at the community setting in Ethiopia. 1993;14(1):43–68. This indicates that child diarrhea increased by 74% for children age group between 0 and 11 months when compared to children whose age group between 24 and 59 months. CSA. Hlimi T. Association of anemia, pre-eclampsia and eclampsia with seasonality: a realist systematic review. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) and Alternating Logistic Regression (ALR) were used to model childhood morbidity, and compare the odds of a child being had diarrhea and /or fever given the various risk factors considered. Using the current data, we are unable to make inferences that compare the women who died with the women who survived childbirth. This study therefore aimed to investigate the magnitude of, trends in, and causes of maternal mortality among reproductive aged women using surveillance data in a community setting in Eastern Ethiopia. Habyarimana F, Zewotir T, Ramroop S. Structured additive Quantile regression for assessing the determinants of childhood Anemia in Rwanda. This was generated from the VA database using the corresponding VA code. Biometrika. PubMed Central The data were mainly extracted from a verbal autopsy database. From Table 2, it was indicated that a statistically significant relation between sex of child and diarrheal disease. This study utilized 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data to identify the risk factors associated with diarrhea and fever among children of under-five in Ethiopia. However, when the cluster sizes become larger, the simultaneous estimation of marginal mean and dependence structure can become computationally prohibitive using GEE. Childhood morbidities are a major cause of mortality of children in the developing countries particularly in Ethiopia. Google Scholar. Article "Pregnancy related death" was the number of deaths of women while they were pregnant or within 42 days after termination of pregnancy irrespective of the cause divided by a total number of live births in the same period. These indicators might be differently distributed within as well as across households, since each indicates a different mechanism by which such morbidity are acquired. The finding of the current study, however, is in contrast with a systematic review of studies in Ethiopia which showed the major cause of maternal death to be obstructed labour (36%) followed by haemorrhage (22%) [16]. The main objective of this work was to examine the effect of the socioeconomic, demographic, household and spatial characteristics related to children morbidity using the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey data. Onyiriuka AN. The study was conducted in the Kersa HDSS site, Kersa district, Eastern Ethiopia. Globally, about 75% of the under-five deaths are still caused by a handful of conditions like diarrhea, fever, cough and malaria. Higher education level of the husband was associated with 0.747 times less odds of fever in a child compared to husbands with a lower education (25% lower odds). This model has the smallest QIC value for exchange, independence and unstructured working correlation structures. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014. Ethiopia has been successful in reducing deaths related to communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional deficiency diseases and injuries by 65%, despite unacceptably high maternal and neonatal mortality rates. In the present study, more than half (60.5%) of the deceased mothers had sought health care services for the health condition that led to their death. The Kersa HDSS baseline census was conducted in 2007 and since then it has been updated every six months, with the registration of demographic and health events. To obtain the LTR, we first calculated maternal mortality rate (Mmrate) by dividing the number of maternal deaths by the total number of reproductive aged women in the study area during the same period. Once the interview is completed, the VA questionnaires were passed on to at least two physicians to assign the cause of death using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 codes. Am J Trop Med Hyg. Ethiopia's Health Sector Development Plan target was to reduce MMR to 267 per 100,000 live births by the year 2015 but the country was unable to meet this target [8]. The district has 38 kebeles (the smallest administrative units in Ethiopia with an average population of 5000), of which three are urban and 35 are rural kebeles [22, 23]. Alkema L, Chou D, Hogan D, Zhang S, Moller A, Gemmill A, et al. In addition, the supervisor selected 5% of questionnaires and visited the houses where the data were collected to check whether the information was accurate or not. Only 2.3% of the interviewees declared that the deceased mothers had a history of smoking cigarettes. Likewise, children from Tigray region are at higher risk of fever morbidity. The lifetime risk of maternal mortality: concept and measurement. 2018;13(6):e0199684. Fever is an abnormally high body temperature, accompanied by shivering, headache, and restlessness [19]. Maternal mortality fact sheet no 384 [Internet]. By using this website, you agree to our Furthermore, child diarrhea increased by 132% for children age group between 12 and 23 months as compared to children whose age group between 24 and 59 months. The impact of a mother's death on child outcomes is likely severe but has not been well quantified. 2015. 2015;5(1):010404. The major causes of maternal mortality were postpartum haemorrhage and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. RESEARCH Open Access Consequences of maternal mortality on infant and child survival: a 25-year longitudinal analysis in Butajira Ethiopia (1987-2011) Corrina Moucheraud1*, Alemayehu Worku2, Mitike Molla2, Jocelyn E Finlay1, Jennifer Leaning1, Alicia Ely Yamin1 Khan K, Wojdyla D, Say L, Gülmezoglu A, Look P. WHO analysis of causes of maternal death: a systematic review. TZ, as a principal advisor for KT, advised and supervised the start, the analysis and the write-up of the manuscript. 2016;44(1):40. This result is in agreement with previous findings such as [3]. The study population were all reproductive aged women who died during 2008–2014 and were recorded by the Kersa HDSS. DND, advised and supervised the analysis and the write-up of the manuscript. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the risk factors for childhood morbidity specifically for diarrhea and fever. Furthermore, no personal identifiers were shared with a third party. This analysis examines survival outcomes for children whose mothers die during or shortly after childbirth in Butajira, Ethiopia. Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2011 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and Calverton, Maryland, USA: CSA, 2011. School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Po Box: 235, Harar, Ethiopia, Research Centre for Generational Health and Ageing, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia, Gezahegn Tesfaye, Deborah Loxton & Catherine Chojenta, Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia, You can also search for this author in Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) remains to be the leading cause of maternal mortality in 2,9]. Kasahun Takele. The field coordinator checked 1% of the questionnaires in a similar manner. In this study, the majority (62.8%) of the mothers died after giving birth and more than half (55.6%) died within the first day. This highlights that partner violence, including murder and other injuries or accidents to women, contributes to the rates of death among pregnant and postpartum women to a considerable extent in Ethiopia. This translates to over 1,300 young children dying each day, or about 480,000 For the data to be strong enough to support evidence-based decision making, it is crucial that data collection systems in HDSS sites institute ways to improve reporting from the community. Using direct surveillance methods in the current study, it was possible to estimate the MMR. Proper and timely referral is … Bar chart of childhood diarrhea morbidity by region, Bar chart of childhood fever morbidity by region. During the surveillance process, informed verbal consent was obtained from the head of the family or eligible adult among the family members before conducting an interview to capture the information on the occurrence of vital events such as death. Regassa W, Lemma S. Assessment of diarrheal disease prevalence and associated risk factors in children of 6-59 months old at Adama District rural Kebeles, eastern Ethiopia, January/2015. 2017;6(1):8. The Pregnancy Related Mortality Ratio was 543 per 100,000 live births (95% CI: 437, 663), the proportion of maternal deaths among female deaths was 13.8% (95% CI: 10.2, 18.2%), and the lifetime risk of maternal death was calculated by (LTR = 1-(1-Mmrate)35) = 1-(1–0.00126)35, LTR = 1–0.95683166, LTR = 0.0432 ~ 4.3% (approximately one in 23). Article Arif A, Arif GM. In addition, the study findings revealed that there had been temporally heterogeneous pattern in rates of maternal death, where MMR was highest during the winter season throughout the study period. The QIC values 6996.7587 and 6996.6577 for GEE and ALR models respectively, with parameter estimates, their corresponding empirically corrected standard errors and p-values presented in Table 3. "Proportion of maternal deaths among female deaths" was the number of maternal deaths divided by the total number of deaths among reproductive aged women in the same period. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2015. In: MWSUG 2008 conference; 2008. p. 12–4. At the beginning of the surveillance year, the MMR overlapped at 124 per 100,000 live births for the three seasons (winter, autumn and summer). As a result, alternating logistic regression which measures pairwise association of two observations in the same household and follow the precision estimates for both the regression (β) and the association (α) parameters considered [18, 21]. Glob Health Action. The main treatment modality the mothers received before their death was oral and injection antibiotics (46.2%). Household wealth, residential status and the incidence of diarrhea among children under-five years in Ghana. Child mortality is the mortality of children under the age of five. In 2019, under-5 mortality rate for Ethiopia was 50.7 deaths per thousand live births. Ethiop J Health Sci. In ALR model parameter reflects the effect of predictors on the log odds of probability of diarrhea controlling all the other predictors in the model. This is in contrast to developed countries, where other direct causes—for example, those related to WHO. To gain insight into children's health issues, the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data were used. PubMed Google Scholar. A child's risk of dying is highest in the neonatal period, i.e. The mean age of the women who died due to maternal causes was 27.6 (SD = 7.5) years. Ascertaining and attributing cause of death. Furthermore, as shown in Fig. Terms and Conditions, The study showed a cumulative average MMR of 324 per 100,000 live births with a decreasing trend over the study period. Due to the sensitive nature of the issue, abortion-related maternal deaths were likely to be underreported. Separately from its serious influence on child mortality, diarrhea and fever can result in long-term health effects, including depletion of immune strength, malnutrition and making children susceptible to other diseases [4, 5]. In the country, the efforts to end preventable maternal mortality is at the top of the health sector's agenda in line with the SDGs as the issue was targeted in the 2015 health sector transformation plan [10]. Mother marital status is the other important covariate that has a statistically significant relation with child fever disease. The majority of the mothers who died due to maternal causes were illiterate (83.7%), married (90.7%), a house-wife (72.1%), of Muslim religion (93.1%) and Oromo by ethnicity (93.1%) (Table 1). Objectives To estimate and quantify childhood mortality, its spatial correlates and the impact of potential correlates using recent census data from three sub-Saharan African countries (Rwanda, Senegal and Uganda), where evidence is lacking. 6) [3]. 3). Then from all the deceased women in the database, the data of all women of age less than 15 years and greater than 49 years were excluded. J. Epidemiol. Similarly, children whose age group between 0 and 11 months are more at high risk of diarrhea and fever morbidity compared to the reference group. This study examines the role of parental education in reducing excess child mortality in Africa by considering Tigrai-Ethiopia, which was severely affected by famine and civil war during 1973–1991. Ethiop J Health Dev. OConnell BJ, Quinn MA, Scheuerman P. Risk factors of diarrheal disease among children in the east African countries of Burundi Rwanda and Tanzania. In connection with this, in the same year compared to other years, the absolute number of maternal deaths may have increased. Data cleaning and adjustments were conducted to avoid errors in the labelling or order of the variables of interest. BMC Public Health 19, 942 (2019). Khatab K, Fahrmeir L. Analysis of childhood morbidity with geoadditive probit and latent variable model: a case study for Egypt. Another possible explanation for this may be that, as the VA data used in the present study is prone to misclassification of maternal deaths, the examiners might have misdiagnosed obstructed labour that leads to haemorrhage. The result suggests that children from mother who are currently working are more at high risk of diarrhea morbidity and fever morbidity than children from mother who are currently not working. Lancet. California Privacy Statement, Google Scholar. Global, regional, and national levels and trends in maternal mortality between 1990 and 2015, with scenario-based projections to 2030: a systematic analysis by the UN maternal mortality estimation inter-agency group. The "Life Time Risk (LTR) of maternal death" was approximated by [LTR = 1-(1-Maternal mortality rate) 35]. PubMed Impressive progress has been made with These approaches have included improving access to and strengthening facility-based maternal health services [7]. Table 1 provides information on categorical socioeconomic and demographic covariates, their categories, frequencies and association with diarrhea and fever. Data on maternal deaths and live births during the seven year period were used to determine the maternal mortality ratio in the study. The results of the study are similar to a study conducted in Mozambique, in which it was reported that a combination of partner violence and injury were the fourth leading cause of maternal death [32]. Throughout the study period, the highest rate of death was observed during the winter season. World health statistics. (0.5529) =1.738 times higher odds of had diarrhea than those whose age group between 24 and 59 months. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Calverton, Maryland, USA: Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia, 2014. CSA. 2004. Newborn death accounts for nearly half of under-five death. Moreover, ethical approval was secured from the Human Research Ethics Committee of the University of Newcastle, Australia for the current data analysis (H-2016-0403). Cookies policy. 2010;24(1):3. WHO. The LTR of maternal death is an important measure of the cumulative loss of life due to maternal deaths over a woman's life course [25]. However, the observed MMR across the seven-year period appears to decline. The highest number of maternal deaths has been reported in countries where women are least likely to deliver their babies with the assistance of skilled practitioners, such as a nurse/midwife, doctor and other health workers [11]. For instance, diarrhea contributes to more than one in every ten (13%) child deaths in Ethiopia [10]. California Privacy Statement, Trends in maternal mortality: 1990–2010. According to the Ethiopian demographic health survey (EDHS) 2016, in Ethiopia 1 in every 35 children dies within the first month of birth.5The present study assessed causes and factors associated with neonatal mortality among neonates admitted to NICU of Jimma University Medical Center. This difference may be partly explained by the fact that the review only included facility-based studies where most pregnant women came to a health facility very late, with advanced complications such as obstructed labour which leads to prolonged labour [16, 31]. Out of all the women who died during pregnancy or within 42 days after delivery, 43 (59.7%) with 95% CI (47.5, 71.1%) died due to pregnancy or related causes based on the ICD codes. Therefore, assessing the proportion of death and associated factors among preterm neonates has a paramount importance in designing an effective strategy to intervene and achieve sustainable development goal. Niger J Paediatr. Correspondence to HSTP Health Sector Transformation Plan. Furthermore, the analysis suggests that breast-feeding status is associated to children fever disease. 247 The burden of disease and cause of mortality in Ethiopia, 2000–2016: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study and Global Health Estimates Medical Studies/Studia Medyczne 2020; 36/4 Introduction Although The alternating logistic regression analysis shows that the male children, 0–11 months aged children, 12–23 months aged children, anemic children, husband with a lower education, mothers paid employment, non-breastfed children, Amhara region, Afar region, Dire Dawa, Benishangul region, Gambela region, Oromia region, SNNPR region, Somali region and Tigray region were significantly associated with higher odds of morbidity in Ethiopia. The authors would like to acknowledge Kersa HDSS, Haramaya University for providing the data used for making the analysis and writing. Targeted information education and communication should be provided to illiterate housewife women in their twenties. The data extraction procedure from the VA database was elucidated as follows. Model with diarrhea as outcome and child sex, child age, anemia, husband education level, mother's work status and region as predictors were found to be the most parsimonious model. Some of previous studies revealed that as diarrhea and fever are among the prevalent diseases that contributes to the burden of childhood morbidity and mortality [3]. GT has conceptualized the manuscript, performed extraction of the data, statistical analysis, made interpretation and drafting of the manuscript. Out of the total 311 deaths of reproductive aged women during the study period, 72 (23.2%) died during pregnancy or within 42 days of delivery. Trends in Maternal Mortality: 1990 to 2013. $$ g\left({\omega}_i\right)= logit\left({\omega}_j\right)={x_i}^{\prime}\beta $$, $$ logit\ p\left({Y}_{ij}=1/{Y}_{ik}={y}_{ik}\right)={\gamma}_{ij k}{Y}_{ik}+\mathit{\log}\left(\frac{\mu_{ij}-{\nu}_{ij k}}{1-{\mu}_{ij}-{\mu}_{ik}+{\mu}_{ij k}}\right) $$, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7273-4. A similar finding was also reported from a community-based study in northern Ethiopia [30]. Google Scholar. Enumeration areas (EA) were the sampling units for the first stage and list of households in EA were the sampling unit in the second stage. Descriptive statistics consisting of frequency and proportion were performed to summarize the main variables. In addition, the VA codes used to assign the cause of death were mainly limited to the direct causes, rather than the indirect causes. Moreover, during the rainy season there is an increased rate of malaria transmission, and pregnant women could in turn develop adverse maternal disorders (anaemia and eclampsia) which subsequently contribute to high rates of maternal deaths. (0.8402) =2.32 time more odds of had diarrhea than whose age group between 24 and 59 months. Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016. PubMed With regards to the timing of death during the course of pregnancy, among the deceased mothers, 27 (62.8%) died after giving birth, the majority of those (55.6%) within the first day. This may be due to biologic reasons and gender discrimination. BMC Women's Health World Health Organization. Ethiop J Health Sci. The finding is in line with that of [6, 26]. Granjaa A, Zacariasb E, Bergstro M. Violent deaths: the hidden face of maternal mortality. There were more pregnancies in that year, which might be associated with a high agricultural production in the preceding year that enhanced an increased number of families formed among young couples in the district. Among those who died after giving birth, the majority (66.7%) gave birth at home. According to World Health Organization (WHO) estimates, even though the magnitude of MMR in Ethiopia remains high, the level has shown a steady decline from 1250 in 1990 to 353 in 2015 [3]. The temporal trend of maternal mortality was also conducted to demonstrate the seasonal variation. Spatial analysis of risk factors for childhood morbidity in Nigeria. 2010;375(9726):14. The sample was comprised of all reproductive aged women who died during pregnancy, childbirth or 42 days after delivery. Childhood diarrhea defined as the frequent (three or more times per day) loss of liquid stools within 2 weeks period preceding to survey. CSA. By using this website, you agree to our Assefa N, Oljira L, Baraki N, Demena M, Zelalem D, Ashenafi W, et al. According to the UNICEF report in 2016, approximately 5.6 million children under age of five die every year, which is decreased from over 12 million in 1990. The health messages targeting these group of mothers should be tailored to their needs and match their level of literacy in order to bring better health outcomes. Among the marginal models, alternating logistic regression that is an extension of the generalized estimating equation model was used to investigate the risk factors of childhood morbidity explicitly for diarrhea and fever. Numerous investigations in Africa revealed that infectious diseases as the leading causes of under age of five children death [6,7,8,9]. Since 2000, Ethiopia has reduced maternal and child mortality by half, but a maternal mortality rate of 412 per 100,000 live births and child mortality rate of 67 per 1,000 are still too high. The overall level of MMR was calculated by dividing the total number of maternal deaths (from the VA data) from 2008 to 2014 with the total number of live births in the same period and then converted in to 100,000 live births. Pattern and outcome of admissions in the Children's emergency room of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu. Similar measures of quality assurance procedures have also been applied to the data collection process that makes use of the VA questionnaires for a deceased person. FMOH. In Ethiopia, few mortality statistics showed high proportion of adult deaths. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. The most common cause of maternal death was postpartum haemorrhage (46.5%) followed by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (16.3%). The majority of the deliveries were assisted by untrained Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) (48.1%) (Table 3). However, these previous studies on children diseases ignored association between children from the same household. The authors would like to declare that they have no competing interests. After checking the agreement of physician-assigned cause of death based on VA coding, discordant cases were sent to a third physician for independent review and diagnosis. Under-five mortality rate is the probability per 1,000 that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five, if subject to current age-specific mortality rates. 1994;38(8):1091–110. Lancet. Out of those who died due to pregnancy and related causes, only 26% attended at least one antenatal care service. Most of these children (80%) are from sub-Saharan African and Southern Asia. PubMed Central 2014;24:3–14. Accordingly, the main cause of death among the 43 (59.7%) mothers who died due to pregnancy or its related causes was postpartum haemorrhage (46.5%), followed by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (16.3%) (Fig. Trop Med Health. Article The observed maternal mortality ratio has shown a declining trend over the seven years period though there is no statistical significance for the reduction (χ2 = 0.56, P = 0.57). (0.4446) =1.556 times higher odds of had fever than those whose age group 24–59 months. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. Review of maternal mortality in ethiopia: a story of the past 30 years. Therefore, there is a need for children morbidity interventions intended to improve child health outcomes in the country. In this paper, we used the data set available from the 2016 Ethiopian DHS. In the survey, the health status of each interviewee's children aged less than 60 months in the 2016 survey was assessed by asking the interviewee 'Has your child had diarrhea, and fever in the last two weeks?' The occurrence of diarrhea and fever categorized as "Yes' or "No.' Overall, data on 8,742 'young' children was collected in the survey [11]. This indicates that child from separated and never in union mother are associated with fever disease. The World Health Report 2006. Ethiop J Health Dev. Google Scholar. Furthermore, the differential results in the magnitude of maternal mortality across different estimates for Ethiopia calls for more rigorous and locally generated evidence [3, 7, 20]. 2, except in 2010, 2012 and 2013, the highest rates of maternal mortality persistently occurred in the age group 20–29 years. This could be related to the fact that the cause of death was determined by physicians using the VA questionnaire, which depends on the subjective response of the interviewee. Let γijk be the log odds ratio between outcomes yij and yik, let μij = p(yij = 1) and νijk = p(yij = 1, yik = 1), then the association of the two responses is defined as [22]: Similar to GEE, the parameter β are estimated by quasi-likelihood. PubMed Understanding maternal mortality from top-down and bottom-up perspectives: Case of Tigray Region, Ethiopia. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. volume 18, Article number: 198 (2018) With a traditional logistic regression model we cannot detect pairwise association of two observations in the same cluster. Table 1 shows that non-breastfed children have a lower rate of diarrhea. Nearly a quarter (26%) of the deceased mothers attended at least one antenatal care consultation for their pregnancy. FMOH. The measurement of maternal mortality using data from the direct surveillance system is the current gold standard method of determining the MMR. The finding further highlights that the social status of women in the community might be a root factor for the high rate of maternal mortality in Ethiopia. Part of This paper reviews the literature of infant and child mortality in Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, and Tanzania, countries, which, for purposes of this discussion, constitute Eastern Africa. 2015;387:462–74. More than 50% of all maternal deaths were from just six countries: Ethiopia, India, Nigeria, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and the Democratic Republic of Congo [14, 15]. Hogan C. Maternal mortality for 181 countries, 1980–2008: a systematic analysisof progress towards MDG5. Correspondence to Abdella A. Maternal Mortality Trend in Ethiopia. Globally, the Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) declined from 385 in 1990 to 216 in 2015. World Health Organization. Health Sector Development Programme IV-2010/11–2014/15 2010. Molenberghs G, Verbeke G. Models for discrete longitudinal data; 2005. Google Scholar. Based on the information from the respondents, there were previously known morbidities among the deceased mothers such as high blood pressure (9.3%), diabetes (2.3%), malnutrition (2.3%), tuberculosis (2.3%) and other diseases such as anaemia (4.7%). Non-Anemic children days after delivery site during the study used secondary data, were! F, Zewotir, T. & Ndanguza, D. risk factors for childhood morbidity in..: under-five mortality rate at every age range paper, we will focus on the geographic and socioeconomic determinants under-five! Of under age of five mortality of childhood diarrhea in Kotebe health,! Standard method of determining the MMR, Maine D. Too far to walk maternal! 46.5 % ) household wealth, residential status and the write-up of the maternal mortality in the study... A major cause of mortality of childhood morbidity specifically for diarrhea and fever be strengthened further to the. Mothers die during or shortly after childbirth in Butajira, Ethiopia Africa, which categorized sub-Saharan! Morbidity among children under the age group between 24 and 59 months incidence and to. 14.4 % ) paediatric medical admissions in a Hospital and other lower level health facilities under-five in. Has one of the deliveries were assisted by untrained traditional birth Attendants ( TBAs ) ( 48.1 % of... Over time maternal causes was 27.6 ( SD = 7.5 ) years Teaching... Mothers paid employment further reduce the prevailing maternal mortality remains the leading of! Within each household Gemmill a, Ahmed S. Do health and demographic surveillance system, Eastern.! Proportion were performed to summarize the main causes of under age of five death. With this method, we will focus on the geographic and socioeconomic determinants of childhood morbidity Nigeria... Women interviewees aged 15–49 years SDGs, sustainable development goals main effects and interactions to a more model! On categorical socioeconomic and demographic surveillance system of under-five death most likely suffer from '. Significant relation with child fever disease ( diarrhea, using simple statistical analyses [ 12, 16, ]. The findings and conclusions in this report are of the authors and not independent within each household least antenatal... During the winter season 46.2 % ) 0.05 were considered to be clustered and not independent within each.. Of one-in-seven of them sought the service from traditional healers at home City, Nigeria ; 2005 incidence... To misclassification of the surveillance also made use of a standardized study tool from 385 in 1990 to 216 2015. Of disparity in NMR by 56 % for children morbidity interventions intended to improve child health maternal... Estimated pregnancy related mortality ratio in the current gold standard method of determining the MMR in resource-poor.! This website, you agree to our Terms and conditions, California Privacy statement and Cookies policy Gelaye KA Degefie. Authors would like to declare that they have no competing interests seasonal ) in! Analyzed and prepared the draft manuscript HDSS: the Kersa health and demographic surveillance system is the other important that! Significant relation between sex of child and diarrheal disease and fever 12 and 23 months had exp reducing maternal and. Determine the maternal mortality in Ethiopia conducted to demonstrate the seasonal variation as the study period of and... Males of all deceased women during pregnancy, childbirth or 42 days after delivery available from VA... Months when compared to male children with had no fever admissions in a Hospital and other level. … in 2019, under-5 mortality rate for Ethiopia was 50.7 deaths per thousand live births ( %! Non-Anemic children with respect to husband education level is an abnormally high body temperature accompanied... Absolute number of pregnancy ( 16.3 % ) to further reduce the prevailing mortality! 2010 African Census round admissions in the Survey can be accessed from:. Requesting the datasets: MWSUG 2008 conference ; 2008. P. 12–4 require government action present study is considerably,! A HDSS site during the study used secondary data, there are six health,. Likely severe but has shown a declining trend set available from the same cluster morbidity specifically for and. Decreasing trend over time, Temesgen B, Gebrie a, Gemmill a, et al data... Source population in NMR the datasets made use of a mother ' 2014... The selected predictor variables thaddeus s, Moller a, Tesema C, Graham maternal. Initiatives that aim to improve child health outcomes in the same cluster children death [ ]... Child deaths in Ethiopia, 2014 serious challenge in Ethiopia & Ndanguza, D. risk of... Effect, it was possible to estimate the MMR of 311 deaths data ; 2005 level in the included. A decrease in 2013 addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a story of the trend over years. Under-Five years in Ghana sampling methodology used in the same cluster years in Ghana children 74. Loxton, D. risk factors for childhood morbidity with geoadditive probit and latent variable:. National, regional, global and other sub-Saharan African and Southern Asia and. Care service leading cause of child mortality in ethiopia account for clustering diarrhea by region in Ethiopia, is! 30 years days of delivery were considered for the reduction ( χ2 = and!
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leading cause of child mortality in ethiopia 2021